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saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetixelnaweris uflebiTMmanana suxitaSvili<strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> <strong>masobrivi</strong> <strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>turizmis</strong><strong>qalaqgegmarebiTi</strong> organizaciis ZiriTadiprincipebis gamovlenadoqtoris akademiuri xarisxiswardgenili disertaciismosapovebla<strong>da</strong> v t o r e f e r a t iTbilisi2012 weli
samuSao Sesrulebulia saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetisarqiteqturis, urbanistikisa <strong>da</strong> dizainis fakultetisarqiteqturisa <strong>da</strong> qalaqTmSeneblobis (urbanistikis)departamentis urbanuli <strong>da</strong>gegmarebis mimarTulebazesamecniero xelmZRvaneli,saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetissruli profesori,arqiteqturis doqtori -----------------------------------------------/givi beriZe/recenzentebi:arqiteqturis doqtori ---------------------------- /konstantine amirejibi/arqiteqturis doqtori -------------------------- /nino xabeiSvili /disertaciis <strong>da</strong>cva Sedgeba---------- wlis ”------” -----, --------- saaTzesaqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetis arqiteqturis,urbanistikisa <strong>da</strong> dizainis fakultetis fakultetissadisertacio sabWos kolegiis sxdomaze, korpusi ----------------,auditoria ------------misamarTi: 0175, Tbilisi, kostavas 77.disertaciis gacnoba SeiZleba stu-s biblioTekaSi,xolo avtoreferatisa - stu-s vebgverdzesadisertacio sabWos mdivanisaqarTvelos teqnikuriuniversitetisasocirebuli profesori -----------------------------MF/m.foCxua/2
I. naSromis zogadi <strong>da</strong>xasiaTebaTemis aqtualoba: Cveni qveynis ganviTarebasa <strong>da</strong> ekononikisgaZlierebaSi <strong>masobrivi</strong> <strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>turizmis</strong> ganviTarebasgansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba gaaCnia. saqarTveloSi dResUgamoikveTa mosaxleobis <strong>masobrivi</strong> <strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>turizmis</strong>sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva mimarTulebebis aRorZinebis tendenciebi. axalsocialur-ekonomiur pirobebSi saqarTvelos ekonomiuriwarmatebebis erT-erT mniSvnelovan Semadgenel nawils am <strong>da</strong>rgisganviTareba warmoadgens, sa<strong>da</strong>c <strong>turizmis</strong> sferos is TvisebaamniSvnelovani, rom igi sxva momijnave <strong>da</strong>rgebsac aviTarebs.<strong>da</strong>sveneba, masTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli sakurorto mkurnaloba<strong>da</strong> aqtiuri turizmi saWiroa ganvixiloT, rogorc mosaxleobiscxovrebisa <strong>da</strong> aqtivobis erT-erTi gansxvavebuli <strong>da</strong>moukidebelisfero, romelic gansxvavdeba Cveuli Sromisa <strong>da</strong> yofisagan.D<strong>da</strong>sveneba es iseTi socialuri movlenaa, romelic yvelaa<strong>da</strong>mians aZlevs saSualebas gaataros Tavisufali dro Tavisiindividualuri moTxovnilebebis Sesabamisad. <strong>da</strong>svenabisaTvisSeqmnili garemo ar un<strong>da</strong> ganvixiloT, a<strong>da</strong>mianis materialursacxovrebel garemosagan gancalkevebulad. amisaTvis un<strong>da</strong>moxdes arqiteqturis, samecniero <strong>da</strong> SemqmedebiT sferoebTanintegracia. <strong>da</strong>sasvenebeli garemos kompleqsuri problemebi un<strong>da</strong>iyos saxelmwifo politikis sagani. <strong>da</strong>sasvenebeli garemo un<strong>da</strong>ganixilebodes rogorc, sxva materialur sacxovrebelsferoebTan mWidro urTierTkavSirSi myofi erTi dinamiurisistema.saqarTveloSi gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens <strong>masobrivi</strong><strong>da</strong>sveneba <strong>da</strong> <strong>turizmis</strong> ganviTareba samTo pirobebSi. rac erTismxriv mTiani regionebis susti socialur-ekonomikurimdgomareobis gaZlierebis aucileblobaSi, xolo meores mxrivqveynis sakeTildReod mTiani regionebis rekreaculi resursiTmdi<strong>da</strong>ri potencialis saTanado simZlavriT gamoyenebaSi3
gamoixateba am mimarTebiT bolo xanebSi seriozuli nabijebiga<strong>da</strong>idga: tradiciulad viTardeba bakuriani, Tbilismasatelituri ganviTarebis kuTxiT mniSvnelovani biujeturiinvesticiebi Cado gu<strong>da</strong>uris infrastruqturaSi; viTardebaaWarisa <strong>da</strong> guriis samTo kurortebi. gansakuTrebiT sayuradReboa<strong>zemo</strong> svaneTSi samTo-saTxilamuro industriisaken <strong>da</strong> zoga<strong>da</strong>dsakurorto-rekreaciuli potencialis aTvisebisaken mimarTuliqmedebebi, romelic anakliis zRvispira kurortisganviTarebasTan erTobliobaSi saqarTvelos turistulsakurortoindustriis aRdgenisa <strong>da</strong> misi Semdgomi,xarisxobrivad axal donaze ganviTarebis orientirad un<strong>da</strong>miviCnioT. Tumca, isec saTqmelia, rom sul raRac sami wlis winsadisertacio naSromSi <strong>da</strong>saxuli miznebis ganxorcielebisTvis,romelic dRes ukve garkveul realobebs asaxaven, bevrad ufrooreuli momavali iyo gaTvaliswinebuli.amasTan, miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad ukanasknel xans saqarTvelos turistulsakurortoindustriis ganviTarebis aqtualizaciisa, SesamCnevixdeba, rom teritoriuli erTeulebis miznebisa <strong>da</strong> saerTosaxelmwifoebrivi interesebis kompleqsuri gaTvaliswinebis,SeTanawyobis <strong>da</strong> harmonizaciis dros xSir SemTxvevaSiproblemaTa mogvareba fragmentul, seqtoruli xedvebisSedegebs warmoadgens <strong>da</strong> viTardeba konkretuli <strong>da</strong>rgobriviinteresebis mimarTulebiT. rogorc Sedegi, am kuTxiT kvlavproblemad rCeba calkeul teritoriebisaTvis sivrciTgegmarebiTimowyobis sqemis <strong>da</strong>muSaveba.meores mxriv, saqarTvelos socialuri <strong>da</strong> ekonomikuriganviTarebis mimdinare etapi cxadyofs, rom <strong>masobrivi</strong><strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>turizmis</strong> samTo kurortebis formirebisaTvis,srulfasovani regionuli strategiis doneze regionebsganviTarebis doneebs Soris disproporciebis Sesustebisa <strong>da</strong>koreqtirebisaken mimarTuli qmedebebisaTvis qveyanaSi situaciamomwifebulia.4
yvela es problema <strong>da</strong> resursi gansakuTrebiT TvalnaTlivSeiZleba warmoCenil iqnas <strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> magaliTze <strong>da</strong>Sesabamisad, aRniSnuli regionisaTvis aqtualurad un<strong>da</strong>miviCnioT <strong>masobrivi</strong> <strong>da</strong>svenebis <strong>da</strong> <strong>turizmis</strong> ganviTarebisqalaqTmSeneblobiTi organizaciis ZiriTadi principebisganxilva <strong>da</strong> SemuSaveba.„<strong>zemo</strong> svaneTi”, erTis mxriv mTisa <strong>da</strong> baris tandemisekonomikuri erTianobisa <strong>da</strong> urTierT<strong>da</strong>mokidebulebis gamo,Tumca warmoadgens “samegrelo_<strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong>” samxareoteritoriis ganuyofel nawils, meores mxriv, Tavis gamorCeuladspecifiur _ geografiul, bunebriv-klimatur <strong>da</strong> eTnokulturulpirobebis gamo, realurad moiTxovs ”samxareo <strong>da</strong>gegmarebisproeqti<strong>da</strong>n” mis calke gamoyofasa <strong>da</strong> “<strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> (raionis)sivrciT-teritoriuli ganviTarebis gegmis” doneze Seswavlasa<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>muSavebas. ris Sedega<strong>da</strong>c, qalaqTmSeneblobiTorganizaciaze moqmedi faqtorebis analiziTa <strong>da</strong>xangrZlivvadiani mdgradi ganviTarebis <strong>qalaqgegmarebiTi</strong>rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebis SemuSavebiT SesaZlebeli iqneba, <strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong>arsebuli potencialis optimaluri <strong>da</strong>cva <strong>da</strong> gamoyeneba,saerTo ekonomikuri mdgomareobis gaumjobeseba <strong>da</strong>mosaxleobis cxovrebis donis mkveTri amaRleba.. wyaroebis mimoxilvanaSromi efuZneba literaturul wyaroebs, aseveinternetiT <strong>da</strong> uSualod kvlevis teritoriaze moZiebulmasalebs.un<strong>da</strong> aRiniSnos, rom qarTul ekonomikur <strong>da</strong> specializebul(turizmi, mTiani regionebi) literaturaSi sakmaodxelSesaxebia masala, romelic kompleqsurad warmoadgenssaqarTvelos mTianeTs – problemebiT <strong>da</strong> maTi ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetisSesaZleblobebiT. un<strong>da</strong> aRiniSnos saqarTvelos mecnierebaTaakademiis mTiani regionebis Seswavlis kompleqsuri komisiis(ukanasknel dromde regularulad tardebo<strong>da</strong> konferenciebi),akademiis sistemis profiluri institutebis saqmianoba, rigi5
arasamTavrobo organizaciebis (kavkasiis mTianeTis mdgradiganviTarebis centri, saqarTvelos urbanistTa asociacia,saqarTvelos mTis federacia, moZraoba saqarTvelosmdgradi ganviTarebisaTvis <strong>da</strong> sxva) grantirebulimiznobriv-Tematuri kvlevebi, saerTaSoriso organizaciebi(USAID-i, GTZ-i, NDI-i, IFAD-i, CARE, SDC, Mersi Cory, horizonti,Ria sazogadoeba-saqarTvelo, evrazia <strong>da</strong> sxva), romlebicwlebis ganmavlobaSi axorcielebdnen mTian regionebSisxva<strong>da</strong>sxva saxis saqmianobas.kurortebisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>turizmis</strong> obieqtebis <strong>da</strong>proeqtebisa <strong>da</strong>mSeneblobis sferoSi aqtiurad moRvaweobdnen ufrosi Taobiswarmomadgenlebi, arqiteqtorebi: s. ficxelauri. v. faferaSvili,i. zaaliSvili, i. Cxenkeli, v. kedia, g. leJava, l. sumbaZe, k.javaxiSvili, ekonomistebi S. arCvaZe, l. lorTqifaniZe <strong>da</strong> sxv.Semdgomi Taobi<strong>da</strong>n arqiteqtorebi: e. bagrationi, g.ToTibaZe, T. kandelaki, b. gabunia, k. focxiSvili, m. Cxenkeli, d.axvlediani, a. jafariZe, l. lorTqifaniZe, v. orbelaZe, g. gegelia<strong>da</strong> sxv.kurortebisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>turizmis</strong> organizaciis <strong>da</strong>qalaqTmSeneblobiTi ganviTarebis mecnierul kvlevebs <strong>da</strong>saproeqto samuSaoebs warmatebiT asruleben arqiteqturisdoqtorebi: g. beriZe, k. amirejibi, g. saluqvaZe, g. SaiSmelaSvili,v. vardosaniZe, b. maminaiSvili, n. SaviSvili, T. CiCua, g. yifiani,j. malaRuraZe, z. kiknaZe, e. TevzaZe, m. milaSvili, g. miqiaSvili,T. maxaraSvili, n. TevzaZe, T. naTiZe, v. <strong>da</strong>viTaia.gansakuTrebulad aRniSvnis Rirsia geosainformaciosakonsultacio centr “geografikis” mier SesrulebulisamuSaoebi: <strong>qalaqgegmarebiTi</strong> proeqti _ “<strong>da</strong>ba bakurianismimdebare teritoriis miwaTsargeblobis generaluri gegma”(2008w); “axali gu<strong>da</strong>uris” ganaSenianebis regulirebis gegma(2008w); “mestiis muniocipalitetis miwaTsargeblobis generalurigegmis xedva” (2010w).sadisertacio naSromis momzadebisas gamoyenebuli iqna6
Semdegi samarTleblivi dokumentacia: saqarTvelos konstitucia(1995); saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsi (1997); saqarTveloskanoni `sivrciTi mowyobisa <strong>da</strong> qalaqTmSeneblobis safuZvlebisSesaxeb~ (2005); saqarTvelos kanoni “garemos <strong>da</strong>cvis saxelmwifokontrolis Sesaxeb” (2005); saqarTvelos kanoni `maRalmTianiregionebis kulturuli <strong>da</strong> socialur-ekonomikuri ganviTarebisSesaxeb~ (1999); saqarTvelos kanoni `<strong>da</strong>culi teritoriebissistemis Sesaxeb~ (1996); saqarTvelos kanoni `<strong>turizmis</strong>a <strong>da</strong>kurortis Sesaxeb~ (1997); saqarTvelos kanoni `kurortebisa <strong>da</strong>sakurorto adgilebis sanitaruli <strong>da</strong>cvis zonebis Sesaxeb~ (1998);saqarTvelos prezidentis 2005 wlis 22 ivlisis # 655brZanebulebiT <strong>da</strong>mtkicebuli `saqarTvelos kurortebisa <strong>da</strong>sakurorto adgilebis nusxa~; saqarTvelos mTavrobis 2010 wlis25 ivnisis # 172 <strong>da</strong>dgenilebiT <strong>da</strong>mtkicebuli `saqarTvelosregionuli ganviTarebis 2010_2017 ww. saxelmwifo strategia”.saqarTvelos garemos <strong>da</strong>cvisa <strong>da</strong> bunebrivi resursebis ministris2006 wlis 5 ivlisis # 538 brZanebiT <strong>da</strong>mtkicebuli“garemosaTvis miyenebuli zianis gaangariSebis meTodika”.:sadisertacio naSromis mizani <strong>da</strong> amocanebi: kvlevis mizania`sivrciTi mowyobisa <strong>da</strong> qalaqTmSeneblobis safuZvlebis Sesaxeb~(2005) saqarTvelos kanonis mixedviT <strong>da</strong> “<strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> sivrciTteritoriuliganviTarebis gegmis” doneze, samTo pirobebisSesabamisi <strong>masobrivi</strong> <strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>turizmis</strong>qalaqTmSeneblobiTi organizaciis specifiuri kanonzomierebebisgamovlena <strong>da</strong> gegmarebiT struqturis formirebisa <strong>da</strong> funqciurizonirebis ZiriTadi principebis SemuSaveba.sadisertacio naSromis ZiriTadi mizni<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare<strong>da</strong>saxuli <strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetili iqna Semdegi amocanebi:_ Seswavlil <strong>da</strong> gaanalizebnul iqna <strong>zemo</strong> svaneTSi<strong>masobrivi</strong> <strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>turizmis</strong> ganviTarebisTvis Sesabamisipirobebi, aseve am mimarTulebiT mimdinare mosalodnelicvlilebebi <strong>da</strong> zogadi tendenciebi;7
_ gaanalizebuli iqna <strong>zemo</strong> svaneTSi <strong>masobrivi</strong><strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>turizmis</strong> ganviTarebis uzrunvelmyof faqtorTasistema; ganisazRvra <strong>da</strong>rgis ganviTarebis <strong>da</strong> masze moqmedisxva<strong>da</strong>sxva gare faqtorebis urTierTkavSiri;_ ganisazRvra <strong>zemo</strong> svaneTSi sakurorto-turistuli <strong>da</strong>rekreaciuli qalaqgegmarebiT kompleqsebis ganTavsebisproblemebi, am mimarTulebiT gaanaliz<strong>da</strong> ucxouri gamocdileba<strong>da</strong> uaxloesi tendenciebi;_ <strong>da</strong>igegma <strong>zemo</strong> svaneTSi sakurorto-turistuli <strong>da</strong>rekreaciuli <strong>qalaqgegmarebiTi</strong> kompleqsi <strong>da</strong> gamovlin<strong>da</strong> maTiganTavsebis Taviseburebebi;_ ganisazRvra <strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> <strong>masobrivi</strong> <strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong><strong>turizmis</strong> qalaqTmSeneblobiTi organizaciis ZiriTadi principebi;sadisertacio kvlevis Teoriul-meTodologiuri safuZvlebi:gamoyenebul iqna saqarTvelos konstitucia; saqarTvelossamoqalaqo kodeqsi; saqarTvelos kanonები `sivrciTi mowyobisa <strong>da</strong>qalaqTmSeneblobis safuZvlebis Sesaxeb~; `maRalmTiani regionebissocialur-ekonomikuri <strong>da</strong> kulturuli ganviTarebis Sesaxeb~;`<strong>da</strong>culi teritoriebis sistemis Sesaxeb~; `<strong>turizmis</strong>a <strong>da</strong> kurortisSesaxeb~; `kurortebisa <strong>da</strong> sakurorto adgilebis sanitaruli<strong>da</strong>cvis zonebis Sesaxeb~; prezidentis brZanebulebiT <strong>da</strong>mtkicebuli`saqarTvelos kurortebisa <strong>da</strong> sakurorto adgilebis nusxa~.saqarTvelos mTavrobis <strong>da</strong>dgenilebiT <strong>da</strong>mtkicebulisaqarTvelos regionuli ganviTarebis 2010_2017 ww. saxelmwifostrategia~.naSromi eyrdnoba samecniero codnis iseT sabazisomeTodebs, rogoricaa: sistemur-funqciuri analizi, istoriuli,statistikuri, <strong>da</strong> sxva. agreTve kompiuterul-grafikul analizs;sociologiur kvlevas <strong>da</strong> GIS sistemebs.naSromSi gamoyenebul iqna kompleqsuri analizi, romeliciTvaliswinebs istoriul, statistikur <strong>da</strong> kartografiulmasalebis Segroveba-Seswavlas; adgilobrivi <strong>da</strong> ucxouri8
avtorebis samecniero-saproeqto <strong>da</strong> naturaSi ganxorcielebuliobieq¬tebis gacnobas; sociologiuri gamokvlevebis SedegebisgaTvalis¬winebas, saqarTvelos bunebriv-klimaturi pirobebisSeswavlas <strong>da</strong> maTi calkeuli faqtorebis gamovlenas, romlebicgavlenas axdenen qalaqTmSeneblobiTi amocanebis ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetebze.disertaciaSi gamoyenebulia <strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong>admi <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebelisivrciT-teritoriuli organizaciis gansakuTrebiTmniSvnelovani struqturirebuli modelebi <strong>da</strong> Teoriulimosazrebebi;kvlevis obieqts warmoadgens erTiani <strong>qalaqgegmarebiTi</strong>warmonaqmni _ samTo-rekriaciuli gegmarebiTi erTeuli, misisivrciT-gegmarebiTi organizacia <strong>da</strong> optimaluri rekreaciulitevadoba.. sadisertacio naSromis mecnieruli siaxle mdgomareobsimaSi rom sakurorto-turistuli <strong>da</strong> rekreaciuli<strong>qalaqgegmarebiTi</strong> sistemebi ganixileba ara zoga<strong>da</strong>d, aramedkonkretuli, kerZod <strong>svaneTis</strong> bunebriv-klimaturi <strong>da</strong> socialurekonomikuripirobebis gaTvaliswinebiT, rac mniSvnelovangavlenas axdenen sistemis qalaqTmSeneblobiT ganviTarebaze.DSemuSavebulia meToduri safuZvlebi teritoriis funqciurizonirebisaTvis <strong>da</strong> tevadobis <strong>da</strong>saangariSeblad, gamovleniliasamTo-rekriaciuli gegmarebiTi erTeulis Camoyalibebis,gegmarebiTi sazRvrebis gamovlenisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>dgenis ZiriTadfaqtorebi.naSromis praqtikuli mniSvneloba gamoixateba Catarebulisamecniero-kvleviTi Sedegebis (rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebis, meTodurimiTiTebebisa <strong>da</strong> axali normatiuli maCveneblebis) <strong>da</strong>nergviTracionalur teritoriul aTvirsebis, bunebis <strong>da</strong>cvisa <strong>da</strong>garemos gaumjobesebis uzrunvelyofaSi. Sedegad¬ _ optimalurisaproeqto-<strong>da</strong>gegmarebiTi samuSaoebis Sedegad racionaluradga<strong>da</strong>nawildeba samSeneblo, rekreaciuli <strong>da</strong> sasaoflo-sameurneoteritoriebi, gaizrdeba mSeneblobis rentabeloba <strong>da</strong> SesamCnevadgaumjobesdeba mosaxleobis socialur-ekonomikuri pirobebi, rac9
arqiteqturisa <strong>da</strong> qalaqTmSeneblobis mTavar principswarmoadgens.disertacia Sedgeba Sesavalis sami Tavisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>skvnebisagan.SesavalSi <strong>da</strong>sabuTebulia Temis aqtualoba, garkveulia samuSaosmizani, amocanebi, kvlevis Teoriul-meTodologiuri safuZvlebi,<strong>da</strong>zustebulia problemis praqtikuli <strong>da</strong> samecniero --- xarisxi;naSromis pirvel TavSi ganxilulia <strong>zemo</strong> svaneTSi<strong>masobrivi</strong> <strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>turizmis</strong> ganviTarebis winapirobebi: maTSoris bunebriv_klimaturi pirobebi<strong>da</strong>n cal-calke qveTaveba<strong>da</strong>ris warmodgenili: landSaftur mravalferovneba,topografiuli, hidrografiuli, geologiuri, HhidrologiuriTaviseburebebi, bunebrivi riskebi <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>binZureba. agreTve:kulturul-istoriuli potenciali; socialur-ekonomikuriwinapirobebi; demografiuli mdgomareoba <strong>da</strong> gansaxlebis sistema;sakanonmdeblo-normatiuli baza; winapirobebis safuZvelzeCatarebulia <strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> SWOT_analizi.sadisertacio naSromisMmeore TavSi ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>dD saerTaSorisopraqtikaze <strong>da</strong>yrdnobiT Seswavlilia samTo rekreaciulikompleqsebi,maT safuZvelze warmodgenilia <strong>masobrivi</strong> <strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong><strong>turizmis</strong> <strong>qalaqgegmarebiTi</strong> organizacia mTiani regionebSi <strong>da</strong>ganviTarebis ZiriTadi tendenciebi; samTo-saTxilamuro<strong>turizmis</strong> ganviTarebaSi bunebriv_klimaturi pirobebisTaviseburebebi; samTo_saTxilamuro trasebis Taviseburebebi.samTo-rekreaciuli kompleqsebis <strong>qalaqgegmarebiTi</strong> proeqtirebisZiriTadi meTodebis analizi, Sefaseba <strong>da</strong> sivrciTteritoriuli<strong>da</strong>gegmva; calke paragrafi aqvs miZRvnili samTorekreaciuli kompleqsebis sivrciT-teritoriuli <strong>da</strong>gegmvispraqtikas saqarTvelos pirobebSi.naSromis mesame TavSi gamovlenilia <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>dgeniliasamTo-rekriaciuli gegmarebiTi erTeulis sazRvrebi;ganxilulia samTo-rekreaciul kompleqsis ganviTarebisuzrunvelmyofi sakomunikacio sistemebi; <strong>da</strong>dgenilia10
ekreaciuli <strong>da</strong>tvirTvis SesaZleblobebi; samTo-rekriaciuligegmarebiTi erTeulebisaTvis O<strong>da</strong>dgenilia optimalurirekreaciuli tevadoba, SemuSavebuliaL landSaftur-rekreaciulika<strong>da</strong>stri <strong>da</strong> maT safuZvelze samTo-rekreaciuli kompleqsebis<strong>qalaqgegmarebiTi</strong> organizacia.II. disertaciis Sinaarsisadisertacio naSromis I TavSi “<strong>zemo</strong> svaneTSi <strong>masobrivi</strong><strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>turizmis</strong> ganviTarebis winapirobebi” ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>dgamoyenebulia <strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> amsaxveli bunebriv-klimaturi,geografiuli, social-ekonomikuri <strong>da</strong> kulturuli sainformacioanalitikurimasalebi, romlis farglebSic <strong>masobrivi</strong><strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>turizmis</strong> ganviTarebisaTvis aucilebelmawinapirobaTa analizma mogvca saSualeba gamogvevlina <strong>zemo</strong><strong>svaneTis</strong> <strong>masobrivi</strong> <strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>turizmis</strong> ganviTarebis SemdegiZiriTadi Taviseburebebi <strong>da</strong> tendenciebi: <strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> geografiuli mdebareoba; zomieri,klimaturad <strong>da</strong>culi <strong>da</strong> xelsayreli tenianobis reJimi;Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT mSrali hava; mTiani regionisaTvis <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebelimkafiod gamoxatuli vertikaluri zonaloba <strong>da</strong> SesabamisilandSafturi mravalferovneba; unikaluri simdidris matarebelikulturul-istoriuli memkvidreoba _ SewirulobebiT mdi<strong>da</strong>rieklesia-monastrebiT, Sua saukuneebis freskebiT, Sua feo<strong>da</strong>lurixanis xuroTmoZRvruli ZeglebiT, sacxovrebeli kompleqsebiT,koSkebiT, sameurneo <strong>da</strong>niSnulebis nagebobebiT, originaluriCuqurTmebiT Semkuli avejiT <strong>da</strong> sayofacxovrebo nivTebiTganapirobebs <strong>masobrivi</strong> <strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>turizmis</strong>, maT SorissaTxilamuro, sacxenosno, samTasvlelo, samTo <strong>turizmis</strong>ganviTarebis did potencialsa <strong>da</strong> perspeqtivebs. Aaranakleb Rirebulia bunebriv-klimaturi pirobebiTgamorCeuli <strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> sakurorto potenciali, romelicmravalferovani mcenareuli safariTa <strong>da</strong> mcenareulikompleqsebiT, mdi<strong>da</strong>ri biomravalferovnebiT, mdinareebis11
simravliT, maRali ekologiuri sisufTaviTa <strong>da</strong> mineraluriwylebis siuxviT uzrunvelyofili, SesaniSnavi <strong>da</strong> specifiurisamkurnalo sanatiriumebis mowyobisaTvis un<strong>da</strong> iyosgamoyenebuli.Tumca, ar un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>gvaviwydes, rom rekreciuli resursebiserT-erT SemzRudvel faqtorad mTiani zonisaTvis<strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli stiqiuri movlenebis arseboba, simZlavre <strong>da</strong>maTgan <strong>da</strong>culobis xarisxi un<strong>da</strong> miviCnioT. stiqiur movlenebsaqvT unari gaanadguros ekonomikuri infrastruqtura <strong>da</strong>Seaferxos rekreciuli ganviTarebis SesaZleblobebi.svaneTi gamoirCeva seismuri aqtivobis maRali doniT, racpotenciurad infrastruqturisa <strong>da</strong> garemosadmi didi zianismomtan stiqiur riskfaqtors warmoadgens.aseve <strong>svaneTis</strong>aTvis seriozul riskfaqtors warmoadgenswyaldidoba, mewyeri <strong>da</strong> zvavi. aranakleb sagulisxmoariskfaqtoris antropogenuli komponenti _ cudi sanitarulimdgomareobiT gamowveuli garemos <strong>da</strong>binZureba<strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> socialur-ekonomikuri ganviTarebisprioritetebi, sruliad mkafiod efuZneba rogorc adgilobrivbunebriv resursebs, ise kulturul <strong>da</strong> istoriul memkvidreobas.am sferosTan uSualo<strong>da</strong>a <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli adgilobrivi sasoflosameurneoproduqciis moxmareba <strong>da</strong> Sesabamisad warmoeba.soflis meurneobis Sesabamisi <strong>da</strong>rgebi _ mesaqonleoba,mexileoba, <strong>da</strong> mebostneoba adgilobrivi bazris moTxovnamiwodebismoculobi<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare ver iZleva ekonmomikuriganviTarebis saTanado masStabebs. <strong>masobrivi</strong> <strong>da</strong>sveneba <strong>da</strong> turizmi is umTavresi mimarTulebaa,romelic <strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> ekonomikas gaaZlierebs <strong>da</strong> stimulsmiscems mxaris ekonomikuri potencialis kompleqsurganviTarebas, sa<strong>da</strong>c gasaTvaliswinebeli iqneba adgilobriviproduqtebis _ xarisxiani xorcis (maT Soris nanadirevis), rZis,kartofilis, Taflis, Tevzis prioritetuli gamoyeneba <strong>da</strong>12
adgilobrivi samzareulos Tavisebureba. adgilobriv nedleulisga<strong>da</strong>muSaveba <strong>da</strong> eqsporti. ekonomikis ganviTarebis seriozul rezervs <strong>zemo</strong> svaneTSiarsebuli wyaroebis bazaze mineraluri wylis CamosxmaსTanerTad, agreTve klimaturi <strong>da</strong> balneologiuri sakurortoresursebi warmoadgenen. saqarTvelos xelisuflebis politikur neba _maqsimalurad Seuwyos xeli qveynis socialur-ekonomikurganviTarebas, sa<strong>da</strong>c mniSvnelovan segments sakurorto-turistuli<strong>da</strong> rekreaciuli infrastruqturis ganviTareba warmoadgens,upirveles yovlisa qveynis sakanonmdeblo-normatiul bazaSiaisaxeba;saqarTveloSi amJamad moqmedebs naTlad gansazRvruli <strong>da</strong>mkafiod ierarqizebuli sakanonmdeblo-normatiuli sistema,romlis Semadgeneli bevri normatiuli aqti sivrciTigegmarebiTimniSvnelobisaa <strong>da</strong> amdenad isini qalaqmaformirebeliSinaarsisaa.disertaciis pirvel TavSi warmodgenili <strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong>sakurorto-turistuli <strong>da</strong> rekreaciuli ganviTarebiswinapirobebi SWOT*_ analizis meSveobiT ganviTarebisxelSemwyob faqtorebTan erTad gamoavlin<strong>da</strong> SemdegixelSemSleli faqtorebi:<strong>qalaqgegmarebiTi</strong> _ `axali Taobis~ <strong>qalaqgegmarebiTi</strong>dokumentaciis ararseboba; Aaxali moTxovnebis SesabamisigegmarebiTi struqturis mouwesrigebloba; sazogadoebrivisivrceebis ganuviTarebloba;satransporto-komunikaciuri _ satransporto kavSirebis<strong>da</strong>bali done mezobel soflebTan; Si<strong>da</strong> sasakomunikaciosazogadoebrivi transportis ararseboba; satrnsportosaSualebebis ga<strong>da</strong>adgilebis sezonuri SezRudva an SezRudulisaxeobebis gatareba; <strong>da</strong>bis quCebSi qveiTTa <strong>da</strong> avtomobilebis,13
marxilebis, saqonlis moZraobis gaumijnaoba; quCebis safariscudi mdgomareoba; savelosipedo bilikebis ararseboba; zamTrismZime klimaturi pirobebi transportisaTvis.E ekologiuri _myari sayofacxovrebo narCenebis marTvis sistemis ararseboba;saqonlisgan quCebis <strong>da</strong>binZureba; turistTa raodenobis gazrdiTekologiuri wonasworobis <strong>da</strong>rRvevis riski; sagzao moZraobismoculobis gazrdiT regionis endemuri jiSebis populaciebisSemcirebis riski;E ekonomikuri <strong>da</strong> socialur-kulturuli _ <strong>masobrivi</strong>iaffasiani turistuli bazebis (banakebis) simcire <strong>da</strong>mouvleloba; socialuri infrastruqturis (m.S. sazkvebisobieqtebis, sazogadoebrivi tualetebis, qselis, garTobisobieqtebis,) CamorCeniloba; sazafxulo sportis Ria moednebisnakleboba (mini fexburTi, kalaTburTi, frenburTi, CogburTi <strong>da</strong>sxva).; gare keTilmowyobis (nagvis konteinerebis, skamebis,ganaTebis) usistemoba; savaWro obieqtebis m<strong>da</strong>re esTetikuri saxe;sainJinro infrastruqturis <strong>da</strong>bali done, wyalsadenkanalizaciismoSliloba; samisamarTo sistemisCamouyalibebloba; sportuli nagebobebis nakleboba; sasoflosameurneoproduqtis bazris mouwyobloba..mmarTvelobiTi _ arasamTavrobo <strong>da</strong> saTemo organizaciebisararseboba; adgilze makontrolebeli arqiteqturulqalaqTmSeneblobiTisamsaxuris ararsebobaSWOT*_analizis Sedegad gamovlenili erTis mxriv, Zlierimxareebisa <strong>da</strong> SesaZleblobebis ganviTareba, xolo meore mxriv,susti mxareebisa <strong>da</strong> safrTxeebis Serbileba mxolod erTianikompleqsuri gegmarebiTi dokumentis farglebSi <strong>da</strong>saxuliSemdegi strategiuli mimarTulebebiT iqneba SesaZlebeli:1. qalaqTmSeneblobiTi teritoriis kompleqsuri analizi;2. qalaqTmSeneblobiT ganviTarebis strategiulimimarTulebebi;3. bunebisa <strong>da</strong> kulturuli memkvidreobis Zeglebis <strong>da</strong>cva;4. sarekreacio zonebis gamoyofa:14
5. socialuri infrastruqturis ganviTareba:6. teritoriis bunebrivi karkasis gaTvaliswineba;7. satransporto infrastruqturis ganviTareba;8. teritoriebis drouli <strong>da</strong>rezerveba;9. <strong>qalaqgegmarebiTi</strong> tipologia sakurorto-sarekreacioprofilis <strong>da</strong> sakurorto meurneobis organizaciismixedviT;10. sakurorto-sarekriacio raionebis <strong>da</strong>gegmarebis formebi <strong>da</strong>adgili gegmarebiTi samuSaoebis taqsonometriul sistemaSi.sadisertacio naSromis meore Tavze “<strong>masobrivi</strong> <strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong><strong>da</strong> <strong>turizmis</strong> <strong>qalaqgegmarebiTi</strong> organizacia mTiani regionebSi”.,muSaobisas ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d veyrdnobodiT im gamocdilebas, racsaerTaSoriso praqtikis safuZvelze samTo rekreaciulikompleqsebis <strong>qalaqgegmarebiTi</strong> organizaciis donezea<strong>da</strong>grovili mTian regionebSi.. Aam gamocdilebis analizma mogvcasaSualeba <strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> <strong>masobrivi</strong> <strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>turizmis</strong>farglebSi gamogvevlina samTo rekreaciuli kompleqsebisganviTarebis Semdegi konkretuli SesaZleblobebi,Taviseburebebi <strong>da</strong> tendenciebi:_ <strong>masobrivi</strong> <strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>turizmis</strong> intensiurmaganviTarebam msoflioSi gazar<strong>da</strong> mTis regionebis rekreaciulipotencialis gamoyenebis moTxovnilebebi, ganapiroba maTiswrafi ganviTareba <strong>da</strong> xeli Seuwyo mTaSi sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva saxis<strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> samTo <strong>turizmis</strong> popularizacias._ rekreaciuli potencialiT mdi<strong>da</strong>r saqarTvelos mTianregionebisaTvis mosaxleobis <strong>da</strong>magrebisa <strong>da</strong> sameurneosaqmianobis gaaqtiurebis Yyvelaze efeqtur saSualebad un<strong>da</strong>miviCnioT <strong>da</strong>svenebis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva formebisaTvis regionismaterialur-teqnikuri bazis gamoyeneba <strong>da</strong> axlis Seqmna,gansakuTrebiT <strong>turizmis</strong>a <strong>da</strong> samTo-saTxilamuro sportismimarTulebiT_ rekreaciuli potencialiTa <strong>da</strong> kulturuli memkvidreobiTiseT mdi<strong>da</strong>r regionSi, rogoric <strong>zemo</strong> svaneTia, yvela pirobaa15
Seqmnili imisTvis, rom ganviTardes rogorc <strong>da</strong>svenebis,sportisa <strong>da</strong> garTobis, aseve kulturul-SemecnebiTimravalprofiliani <strong>da</strong> mraval<strong>da</strong>rgovani sportuli <strong>da</strong> turistuliindustria._ turistisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>msveneblis Ggegmazomieri <strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>balansebuli raodenoba mniSvnelovania ara mxolodoptimaluri ekologiuri <strong>da</strong>tvirTvis SesanarCuneblad.gansakuTrebul yuradRebas moiTxovs <strong>svaneTis</strong> mosaxleobis(svanebis) yofiTi kultura, maT Soris sasoflo-sameurneosaqmianoba, romelic Tumca <strong>da</strong>msveneblebis, turistebisa <strong>da</strong>sportsmenebis mozidvis metad mZlavri resursia, TavisTavadwarmoadgens iseT kulturul fenomens <strong>da</strong> unikaluri kulturisgenerirebis erTaderT adgils, romelic moiTxovs <strong>da</strong>cvas imdegra<strong>da</strong>ciisgan, ramelic mosalodnelia Tu kulturis mdgradiganviTarebis uzrunvelyofisaTvis aucilebel zRvarsga<strong>da</strong>aWarbebs araadgilobrivi momsaxure personalis raodenoba._ momsaxure personalis raodenobis zr<strong>da</strong> stumarTaraodenobis zrdis pir<strong>da</strong>pir proporciulia <strong>da</strong> amdenad momsaxurepersonalis raodenobis regulireba moiTxovs stumarTaoptimaluri raodenobis <strong>da</strong>dgenas._ Tumca isec aRsaniSnavia, rom Tu samTo-saTxilamurosportiT, turizmiTa <strong>da</strong> samTo-sakurorto rekreaciiT miRebulSemosavlebTan erTad Semosavlis zrdis wyarod adgilobriviyofiTi kulturis komercializacias gaviTvaliswinebT, maSinerTeul turistze <strong>da</strong>angariSebiT SesaZlebeli iqnebaSemosavlebis im optimalur raodenobamde gazr<strong>da</strong>, racSemosavlebis saerTo maCvenebelSi gazrdis adgilobrivimosaxleobis xvedriT wils, Sesabamisad Seuwyobs xelsturistTa optimaluri raodenobis SenarCunebas <strong>da</strong> Seamcirebszenormatiul <strong>da</strong>tvirTvebs teritoriaze_ mravalprofiliani <strong>da</strong> mraval<strong>da</strong>rgovani saqmianoba erTismxriv diversificirebuli, e.i. ufro mdgradi ekonomikis <strong>da</strong>meores mxriv, sivrcesa <strong>da</strong> droSi ga<strong>da</strong>nawilebuli ekologiuri16
<strong>da</strong>tvirTvebis, e.i. erTeul teritoriaze ufro <strong>da</strong>culi garemossafuZvels warmoadgens._ <strong>zemo</strong> svaneTSi <strong>masobrivi</strong> <strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>turizmis</strong>ganviTarebis umTavres moTxovnad teritoris optimalurad<strong>da</strong>tvirTis uzrunvelyofa un<strong>da</strong> miviCnioT, sa<strong>da</strong>c Sefasebis erTerTkriteriums turistisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>msveneblis raodenobawarmoadgens._ evropis ganviTarebul samTo-saTxilamuro raionebisSesabamisad maTi raodenoba erTis mxriv, heqtarze simWidrovis<strong>da</strong>dgenil normas un<strong>da</strong> Seesabamebodes, xolo meores mxriv 25%-ze metad ar un<strong>da</strong> aRematebodes mosamsaxure trasebisa <strong>da</strong>sabagiroebis gamtarunarianobas. amasTan sasurvelia sabagiroebiskaskadSi qve<strong>da</strong> sadgurebis gamtarunarianoba 3-5 jeraRematebodes saZile adgilebis raodenobas, raTa uzrunvelyosze<strong>da</strong> sadgurebis ara umetes 20 wuTiani xelmisawvdomoba._ me-20 saukunis 70-ani wlebi<strong>da</strong>n dRemde samTo-sarekriacioraionebis ganviTarebam mniSvnelovnad Seucvala saxe mTis<strong>da</strong>saxlebebs. Camoyalib<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>saxleba - “Tovlis qalaqis” axalitipi, aseTi qalaqis <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli niSania, mudmiv <strong>da</strong> droebiTmosaxleobas Soris didi gancalkeveba._ kompaqturi specializirebuli <strong>da</strong>saxleba oTx polusiania<strong>da</strong> Sedgeba sacxovrebel, momsaxureobis, fexiTsasiarulo <strong>da</strong>satransporto zonebisagan: momsaxureobis centrialur adgilsikavebs momsaxureba _ <strong>da</strong>xuruli sportuli nagebobebi <strong>da</strong>savaWro zona; irgvliv ganlagebulia sacxovrebeli korpusebi.kompleqsis Semadgeneli nagebobebi Tavmoyrilia garSemo.Kkorpusebi centralur zonas ukavSirdebian <strong>da</strong>xuruli fexmavaliga<strong>da</strong>savlelebis saSualebiT, romelTa orive mxares savaWroobieqtebia moTavsebuli. Si<strong>da</strong> sivrcis organizacia gamoixatebaaqtiuri sazogadoebrivi centris gamovleniT, mTavari17
ga<strong>da</strong>xuruli quCis saxiT. Ggare perimetri satransporto zonasaqvs <strong>da</strong>Tmobili _ avtosadgomebi <strong>da</strong> sabagiro gzebi, sa<strong>da</strong>ctrasebis umetesoba skis aux pieds -ის (“sriali sastumros kari<strong>da</strong>n”)principiTaa <strong>da</strong>proeqtebuli <strong>da</strong> mimdebare centrebTan, rigSemTxvevebSi mdeloebTan sabagiroebis erTiani sistemiT ariangaerTianebulebi._ samTo-rekriaciuli kompleqsebis Tanamedrove sivrciTgegmarebiTi organizacia gvaZlevs saSualebas moTxovnilebisSesabamisad gamoyenebul iqnas Ria <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>xuruli fexiTsasiarulo kavSirebis (ga<strong>da</strong>savlelebi, koridorebi, fexmavalTaquCebi) kombinirebuli. sistemebi._ TiToeuli kompleqsis ganuyofeli nawili gax<strong>da</strong> sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva,xasiaTis gasarTobi <strong>da</strong>nadgarebiTa <strong>da</strong> eqstremaluri trasebiTaRWurvili Tovlis parkebi (“SNOWPARKS”)._ saTxilamuro trasebisaTvis gamosadegi teritoriebimdebareoben zRvis doni<strong>da</strong>n, rogorc 2000 m.-mde. simaRleze,romlis farglebSi janmrTeli a<strong>da</strong>miani praqtikulad arganicdis araviTar “hipoqsiur” siZneleebs, aseve 2000 m.–<strong>da</strong>n3500m.Mm-mde simaRleze, sa<strong>da</strong>c saSualo a<strong>da</strong>mianis sarezervoSesaZleblobebi Jangbadis naklebobisadmi SeguebisaTvissavsebiT sakmarisia. aseTi zona “sruli kompensaciis zonas.”ganekuTvneba. fizikuri <strong>da</strong>tvirTvebis ga<strong>da</strong>tana aseT simaRlezesavsebiT SesaZlebelia Tu meTxilamure aklimatizaciasSe<strong>da</strong>rebiT <strong>da</strong>bal simaRleze Ggaivlis (magaliTad, TxilamurebiTsriali 1500_2000 m simaRleze) 3-<strong>da</strong>n 5 dRis ganmavlobaSi._ trasebis mniSvnelovani nawili mdebareobs 1500m.-<strong>da</strong>m 1800m.-mde zRvis doni<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong> xasiaTdeba zomierad <strong>da</strong>balitemperaturiT (saSualo temperatura ianvarSi -0,6 gradusamdeaC); mzis didi xangZlivobiT (წელიწადში 2000 სთ-ზე მეტი). D<strong>da</strong>mzis naTebis aqtivobiT (272 dRe weliwadSi0; sa<strong>da</strong>c Tovlissafaris simaRle 1.0 -1.5 m-ia. xolo, mewyerisagan usafrTxo <strong>da</strong>18
naklebad qariani teritoriebi trasebis ganTavsebisaTvisgamosadegia.teritoria avtosadgomebisaTvis. saTxilamuro zonismisadgomebTan arsebuli farTo, swori adgilebis arseboba didiavtosadgomebis mSeneblobas Zalzed ekonomiurs xdis. amsadgomebis arseboba gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani iqnebasadguris ganviTarebis SemTxvevaSi, sanam aSendeba sastumroebi<strong>da</strong> sxva sacxovrebeli adgilebi. erTmaneTis qvemoTTanmimdevrulad ganlagebuli vake terasebis arsebobaavtosadgomebis imgvari ganTavsebis saSualebas iZleva, romturistebma manqanebi gaaCeron sabagiros xazebis qve<strong>da</strong> saboloosadgurebTan. erTi sityviT, adgilis pirobebi am ZalianmniSvnelovani obieqtebis ekonomiuri ganTavsebis saSualebasiZleva.ganaSenianebisaTvis saWiro farTis arseboba: axalisaTxilamurocentris Sesaqmnelad gansakuTrebiT xelsayrelia imteritoriis mdebareoba, sa<strong>da</strong>c amJamad calkeuli saxlebiaganlagebuli, adre ki sofeli iyo. teritoriis farTobi didia<strong>da</strong> realur moTxovnas gacilebiT aRemateba. teritoriaxeobisaken eSveba kaskadiseburad ganlagebuli vakeebis saxiT,romelTa simaRleebs Soris gansxvaveba 70-80 metria.gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa im teritoriis konfiguracia,sa<strong>da</strong>c ganlagebulia gazis sadguri. es vake teritoria, gar<strong>da</strong>imisa, rom rogorc ukve avRniSneT, eSveba xeobisaken,aRmosavleTiT eSveba sxva vakisaken, romelic masze 30 metriTqvemoT mdebareobs. es meore vake, savaraudoT yvelaze metadesa<strong>da</strong>geba axali turistuli centris mSeneblobas, radgan massami mxri<strong>da</strong>n akravs borcvebi, amfiTeatris msgavsad, romelicsamxreTiT aris mimarTuli. erTi SexedviT, teritoriis ze<strong>da</strong>nawili sakmarisze metia axali zamTris sportul-turistuliobieqtis Sesaqmnelad.centris mSeneblobisTvis saWiro konfiguracia: rogorcukve aRiniSna, saSualo zomis xeobas, romelic teritoriis19
aRmosavleTiT mdebareobs <strong>da</strong> sa<strong>da</strong>c ganlagebulia saqaCisadguri, aqvs is upiratesoba, rom <strong>da</strong>culia CrdiloeTisqarebisagan <strong>da</strong> kargad aris ganaTebuli mziT. ganaSenianebuliteritoriis xelsayreli mdebareobis wyalobiT, satransportoxazebis sawyisi sadgurebi turistebisTvis adviladxelmisawvdomi iqneba. es gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa, radganaciseTi gegmarebis SemuSavebis saSualebas iZleva, romelicefuZneba Si<strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>adgilebas _ fexiT <strong>da</strong> TxilamurebiT, <strong>da</strong> garega<strong>da</strong>adgilebas – avtotransportiT. amgvarad, avtotransportisarseboba Sejerebulia upiratesobasTan, romelsac ganapirobebsmisi ar arseboba sadguris SigniT.adgili gvaZlevs iseTi <strong>da</strong>saxlebuli punqtis proeqtirebissaSualebas, romelic avtotransportiT xelmisawvdomi, mxolodgare<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong> amavdroulad ar moiTxovs did saqveiToga<strong>da</strong>adgilebebs. satransporto xazis qve<strong>da</strong> punqtze mosaxvedradsakmarisia Txilamuri, vinai<strong>da</strong>n maTi ganTavseba SesaZlebeliasacxovrebeli adgilis qvemoT. sacxovrebel zonaSi <strong>da</strong>brunebacar warmoadgens problemas, radgan satransporto xazebi midismaRla.specialuri mowyobilobebisaTvis xelsayreliamfiTeatruli ganlageba. miwis <strong>da</strong>muSavebaze yovelgvariZalisxmevis <strong>da</strong>xarjvis <strong>da</strong> ZviradRirebuli konstruqciebisgareSe SesaZlebelia centris garSemo iseTi spcialurimowyobilobebis ganlageba, rogoricaa saTxilamuro sportSiSejibrebisTvis gankuTvnili trasis, erTi an ori tramplinis,sacigurao bilikis, saTxilamuro trasebis sastarto adgilis <strong>da</strong>sxv. mowyoba.iseTi konstruqciebi, romlebic gankuTvnilia sportuliRonisZiebisa <strong>da</strong> garTobisaTvis SesaZlebelia maraoseburadganTavsdes. sacxovrebeli zonis irgvliv yvela mowyobilobasTanmisvla SesaZlebeli iqneba fexiT an satransporto saSualebebiT,romelTa sawyisi punqtebi ganlagebuli iqneba uSualosiaxloveSi.20
naSromis mesame TavSi “samTo-rekreaciuli kompleqsebis<strong>qalaqgegmarebiTi</strong> organizacia <strong>zemo</strong> svaneTSi” K<strong>qalaqgegmarebiTi</strong>garemos kompleqsuri reorganizaciisaTvis warmodgeniliarekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebi, rac umTavresad samTo-rekriaciuli gegmarebiTierTeulis gamovlenaSi <strong>da</strong> misTvis sazRvrebis <strong>da</strong>dgenSi aisaxa;am gegmarebiTi erTeulebisaTvis SemoSavebulia agreTveoptimaluri rekreaciuli tevadobisaL<strong>da</strong> landSafturrekreaciulika<strong>da</strong>stris saerTo paremetrebi <strong>da</strong> maT safuZvelzesamTo-rekreaciuli kompleqsebis <strong>qalaqgegmarebiTi</strong> organizaciissakiTxebia ganxiluli.qveynis ekonomikuri aRorZinebis erTerT prioritetadsaxelmwifo miiCnevs <strong>turizmis</strong>, Sesabamisad sasporto <strong>da</strong>sakurorto industriis ganviTarebas <strong>da</strong> am mimarTulebiTmsoflios <strong>da</strong>interesebis mizniT atarebs metad aqtiur politikas.Sedegad, SesamCnevad gamoikveTa qveyanaSi vizitorTa nakadiszrdis <strong>da</strong> Semdgomi matebis tendenciebi.turistTa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>msvenebelTa zrdis safuZvels upirvelesadqveynis bunebrivi garemosa <strong>da</strong> kulturuli mravalferovnebismdi<strong>da</strong>ri rekreaciuli potenciali ganapirobebs. TumcawinswrebiT aucileblad gasaTvaliswinebelia is, rom bunebrivi<strong>da</strong> kulturuli garemos rekreaciuli gamoyeneba im SemTxvevaSi,rodesac vizitorTa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>msvenebelTa Warbi raodenobaSesamCnevad aRemateba SezRuduli teritoriis SesaZleblobebs,umetesad negatiur Sedegebis momtania <strong>da</strong> mivyavarT ekologiuriwonasworobis rRvevamde, biomravalferovnebis seriozulgaRaribebamde <strong>da</strong> ekosistemis produqtiulobis Semcirebamde.masiuri <strong>da</strong>svenebis zonebSi depresiis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n acilebiserTaderT meTods bunebriv kompleqsze rekreaciuli<strong>da</strong>tvirTvis <strong>da</strong>saSveb doneze SenarCuneba warmoadgens.cnobilia, rom bunebriv kompleqsebs SeswevT unariSesamCnevad maRali kritikuli zRvaris ga<strong>da</strong>cilebamdeganviTarebisaTvis uxifaToT gauZlon garkveul <strong>da</strong>tvirTvebs.21
ekologTa erTerT mniSvnelovan amocanas bunebrivikompleqsebisaTvis Sesabamisi zRvrebis <strong>da</strong>dgena <strong>da</strong> maTsafuZvelze rekreaciuli <strong>da</strong>tvirTvis normebis gansazRvrawarmoadgens. vinai<strong>da</strong>n swored isini Seiswavlian bunebrivkompleqsebs, maT Semadgenel komponentebs <strong>da</strong> maT SoriskavSirebs, agreTve procesebs, romlebic warmoiSveba bunebrivkompleqsebSi <strong>zemo</strong>qmedebis dros.amJamad svaneTSi samTo-saTxilamuro kurortis ganviTarebismizniT xorcieldeba sainvesticio proeqtebi, raTa Seiqmnassarekreacio infrastruqtura <strong>da</strong> meti raodenobis<strong>da</strong>msvenebelTa, turistTa, vizitorTa misaRebad aSendesSesabamisi simZlavris obieqtebi. swored aseTi, rekreaciulsaqmianobaTa gazrdiT gamowveuli mosalodneli ekonomikuriaqtiuroba gaxlavT garemoze mzardi <strong>da</strong>tvirTvebis mizezi, racbunebriv kompleqsebze rekreaciul Tu sxva saqmianobis SedegadmoiTxovs mosalodnel zenormatiul <strong>zemo</strong>qmedebis optimizaciismizniT Sesabamis RonisZiebebs gatarebas.cxadia, rom TiToeul teritorias sakuTari ekologiuritevadoba gaaCnia, romelic <strong>da</strong>mokidebulia garemos unarzegauZlos garkveul <strong>da</strong>saSveb ekologiur <strong>da</strong>tvirTvebs, moaxdinosmavne narCenebis asimilireba <strong>da</strong> aRadginos bunebrivi resursebi.aranakleb mniSvnelovania agreTve efeqturi garemos<strong>da</strong>mcaviinfrastruqturis arseboba. amdenad sawarmoo <strong>da</strong> bunebrivisistemebis urTierTqmedebebis optimizacia gulisxmobsteritoriis bunebrivi SesaZlebvlobebTan sameurneo saqmianobisformebisa <strong>da</strong> masStabebis TanafardobaSi moyvanas. xoloEekonomikur-ekologiuri sistemis tevadobis Sefardeba relurekologiur <strong>da</strong>tvirTvasTan gvaZlevs saSualebas Sefasdessocialuri sferos, ekonomikis ganviTarebis <strong>da</strong> garemosdegra<strong>da</strong>ciis balansis <strong>da</strong>rRvevis xarisxi.Aam TvalsazrisiTGgaremos <strong>da</strong>cviTi RonisZiebebis sistemisSemuSavebis dros gansakuTrebulad mniSvnelovan maCvenebels22
warmoadgens masiuri <strong>da</strong>svenebis zonebis saproeqto rekreaciulitevadoba.rekreaciuli tevadoba moicavs <strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong>Tvis saWiroaSenebuli <strong>da</strong> asaSenebeli <strong>da</strong>wesebulebebis <strong>da</strong>msvenebelTa,Camosul personalTa <strong>da</strong> adgilobriv macxovrebelTaerTobliobas, agreTve axlomdebare mudmivi sacxovrebeliadgilis macxovrebel, TviTorganizebul <strong>da</strong>msveneblebs, romelTaraodenoba <strong>da</strong>svenebis zonis bunebrivi SesaZleblobaTaTaviseburebebze <strong>da</strong> satransporto miRwevadobazea <strong>da</strong>mokidebuli.rekreaciuli tevadobis <strong>da</strong>dgena gvaZlevssaSualebasSevimuSaoT RonisZiebaTa kompleqsi romelic Eekonomikurekologiurisistemis ganviTarebis tempebs ekologiurtevadobasTan SesabamisobaSi moiyvansteritoriis Bbunebrivi rekreaciuli tevadobisSesafaseblad warmodgenilia meTodika, sa<strong>da</strong>ckompleqsuradSefasebasulia is faqtorebi, romlebic rekreaciuliteritoriaze asaxaven kanalizaciis qselis gavrcelebis xarisxs,teqnikur-biologiuri narCenebis Tavmoyris, Senaxvis,transportirebisa <strong>da</strong> utilizacis sistemebiT teritoriisaRWurvis dones, bunebrivi garemos TviTaRdgenis periodsa <strong>da</strong>xarisxs, agreTve sameurneo saqmianobaSi CarTulobis doni<strong>da</strong>ngamomdinare teritoriis rekreaciuli aTvisebis dones.Ooptimaluri rekreaciuli tevadobis ganisazRvisTviswarmodgenili gasaSualebuli maCvenebeliT gamoTvliliformula:Σ maqs, tΣ opt. t = ------------------------ ;Σ min. tsa<strong>da</strong>c:Σ maqs, t __ warmoadgens teritoriis maqsimalur rekreaciultevadobas.Σ min, ttevadobas.Kkaci/ha__ warmoadgens teritoriis minimalur rekreaciulKkaci/ha23
<strong>zemo</strong> svaneTSi samTo-rekreaciuli kompleqsis ganviTarebisprocesSi garemoze negatiurad <strong>zemo</strong>qmedebis faqtorebiSesaZlebelia sam jgufad <strong>da</strong>iyos: negatiuri faqtorebi, romelTa provocirebasac aRniSnuli<strong>da</strong>rgis ganviTareba ver gamoiwvevs.; negatiuri faqtorebi, romelic SesaZlebelia aRniSnuli<strong>da</strong>rgis ganviTarebam gamoiwvios, magram rigi saSualebebiTisini <strong>da</strong>saZlevia; negatiuri faqtorebi, romelsac Seqmnis aRniSnuli <strong>da</strong>rgisganviTareba, magram maTi <strong>da</strong>Zleva SeuZlebelia;I jgufs SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT <strong>da</strong>binZurebis iseTimniSvnelovani faqtorebi rogoricaa:_ atmosferul haerze <strong>zemo</strong>qmedeba (transportis gar<strong>da</strong>);_ miwis <strong>da</strong>binZureba;_ wylis siRrmiseuli <strong>da</strong>binZureba:II jgufs SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT <strong>da</strong>binZurebis iseTimniSvnelovani faqtorebi rogoricaa:_ atmosferul haerze <strong>zemo</strong>qmedeba Warbi satransportosaSualebiT; _ miwis ze<strong>da</strong>piruli <strong>da</strong>binZureba;_ wylis resursebis ze<strong>da</strong>piruli <strong>da</strong>binZureba;Y yvela am SemTxvevaSi SesaZlebelia kulturuli,samarTleblivi, an teqnikuri saSualebiT, vizitorTaraodenobisgan <strong>da</strong>moukideblad,zenormatiuli <strong>da</strong>binZurebis im donemde Semcireba, rac moxsnis<strong>qalaqgegmarebiTi</strong> GganviTarebis SezRudvis aucileblobas.amasTan un<strong>da</strong> aRvniSnoT, rom amJamad saqarTveloSiekologiuri kulturis done arc Tu saxarbieloa <strong>da</strong> saWiroasazogadoebaSi ekologiuri kulturis amaRlebis mizniTspecialuri RonisZiebebis mizanmimarTulad Catareba. Tumca isecun<strong>da</strong> iTqvas, rom mTian regionebSi <strong>da</strong> kerZod <strong>zemo</strong> svaneTSibunebriv-geografiul garemosTan ekologiuri, sxvanairadbiologiuri fermeruli meurneobis optimalurad morgebuli,sasoflo-sameurneo urTierTobebis tradiciebi Sesabamisi24
kulturis SenarCunebis aRdgenisa <strong>da</strong> ganviTarebis saSualebasiZleva.III jgufs un<strong>da</strong> mivakuTvnoT Rirebuli landSaftis xelyofisiseTi specifiuri faqtorebi, romlebic mSeneblobisaTvisgamosadegi teritoriis deficitis Seqmnis dros warmoiSveba <strong>da</strong>am mizniT axali teritoriebis gamoZebnas mTianiregionebisaTvis metad ZvaradRirebuli sasoflo_sameurneo,satyeo, saTibi, saeklesio, sayofacxovrebo <strong>da</strong> rekreaciuli<strong>da</strong>niSnulebis teritoriebis xarjze moiTxovs.aseTi moTxovnebi <strong>da</strong>uZlevelia, vinai<strong>da</strong>n zoga<strong>da</strong>deqstensiuria, <strong>da</strong>kavSirebulia sxva Rirebuli resursebisSeuqcevad gamoyenebaze, ewinaaRmdegeba mdgradi ganviTarebisfun<strong>da</strong>mentur principebs <strong>da</strong> amdenad regulirdeba mxolodvizitorTa optimaluri raodenobis SenarCunebiT.Tumca garkveulwilad SesaZlebelia vizitorTa saerToraodenobis gazr<strong>da</strong> Tu samTo-saTxilamuro funqciiscalmxrivad ganviTarebis nacvlad, sa<strong>da</strong>c vizitorebs garkveulteritoriebze uwevT koncentrireba, moxdeba samTo-rekriaciulifunqciebis diversificireba. Sedegad gamosadegi teritoriebisa<strong>da</strong> kopleqsuri momsaxurebis mravalferovneba gazrdisrekreaciulad <strong>da</strong>tvirTuli zonis sazRvars, gaizrdebavizitorTa saerTo raodenoba, romelic erTeul teritoriazenormis SenarCunebT Tanabrad ga<strong>da</strong>nawildeba mTels teritoriaze.optimaluri rekreaciuli tevadobis gansazRvrisTvisaranakleb mniSvnelovani faqtoria ekologiuri <strong>da</strong>tvirTviszRvarTan erTad mxedvelobaSi iqnas miRebuli adgilobrivmosaxleobas Soris adgilze mudmivad momuSave <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>fuZnebulCamosulTa raodenobis is optimaluri fardoba, romlisga<strong>da</strong>Warbeba xifaTs Seuqmnis unikaluri <strong>da</strong> metad Rirebuliadgilobrivi eTnokulturis SenarCunebasa <strong>da</strong> ganviTarebas.Tumca un<strong>da</strong> iTqvas, rom rogorc Teoriulad, iseempiriulad aRniSnuli zRvaris <strong>da</strong>dgena SeuZlebelia. gamosavalimxolod procesis TviTregulaciis gziT ganviTarebaSia, sa<strong>da</strong>c25
sakiTxis mniSvneloba gacnobierebuli iqneba, Sesabamisad ariqneba forsirebuli ganviTarebis is xarisxi, romelic momsaxurepersonalis mkveTr matebas gamoiwvevs, xolo procesis marTvis<strong>da</strong> kontrolis SesaZlebloba adgilobriv TviTmarTvelobisxelSi iqneba. kurortul-turistuli rekreaciis ganviTarebisdro iqneba grZelvadiani, gaTvlili <strong>da</strong>axloebiT 10-15 wlisperspeqtiviT, xolo pirveladi mSeneblobebisaTvis <strong>da</strong>axloebiT2-4 wlamde.optimaluri rekreaciuli tevadoba, adgilobrivi <strong>da</strong> axlad<strong>da</strong>fuZnebuli mosaxleobis optimaluri fardoba, teritoriisaTvisebis maRal teqnikur-ekonomiur maCveneblebi, kompleqsuriganviTarebis optimalur pirobebi, sakuroto-turistulikompleqsis ganviTarebisTvis gamosadeg sameurneo teritoriebTanerTad, warmoadgenen im ZiriTad faqtorebs, romlebic samTorekriaciuligegmarebiTi erTeulis arsebobas, teritoriiszomebis, gegmarebiTi sazRvrebis gamovlenasa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>dgenasganapirobeben.suraTi 1; samTo-saTxilamuro <strong>da</strong> turistul-gamajansaRebelikompleqsebi.26
samTo-rekriaciuli gegmarebiTi erTeulis konkretulisazRvrebis koreqtireba <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>zusteba un<strong>da</strong> ganxorcieldesSemdegi faqtorebi gaviTvaliswinebiT: MmikroklimatisTaviseburebebi; samSeneblo obieqtebis ganTavsebisaTvisgamosadegi teritoriebi <strong>da</strong> konfiguraciebi; mkveTradgamoxatuli bunebrivi <strong>da</strong> xelovnuri sazRvrebi, moxerxebuliSi<strong>da</strong> teritoriuli kavSirebi; erTiani centralizebulisainJinro sistemebisa <strong>da</strong> maTi momsaxureobis uzrunvelyofa.erTeuli teritoriis <strong>da</strong>dgenisaTvis aranaklebmniSvnelovania agreTve sameurneo saqmianobisaTvis aucilebeli imsawarmoo Tu sasoflo-sameurneo resursebis gaTvaliswineba, racuzrunvelyofs: optimaluri zomisa <strong>da</strong> funqciis warmoebisa <strong>da</strong>sameurneo <strong>da</strong>rgebis ganviTarebas; droebiT <strong>da</strong> mudmivimosaxleobis adgilobrivi sakvebi produqtiT momaragebas;sakurorto-turistuli momsaxureobis sferoSi Aadgilobrivimosaxleobis <strong>da</strong>saqmebas.suraTi 2: Walaadi-mestia-awvalis; TeTnuldi-tviberi-JabeSis;Sxara-uSgulis; eweris <strong>da</strong> Wuberis samTo-rekreaciuligegmarebiTi erTeulebi.sazRvrebis <strong>da</strong>dgenis <strong>da</strong> Sefasebis kompleqsuri meTodissaSualebiT disertaciaSi gamoyofilia xuTi sivrciT-gegmarebiTierTeuli: Walaadi-mestia-awvali; TeTnuldi-tviberi-JabeSi;Sxara-uSguli; eweri; Wuberi,27
TviToeuli es samTo-rekreaciuli gegmarebiTi erTeuliTviTkmaria <strong>da</strong> gaaCnia yvela is Tviseba rac <strong>da</strong>moukidebladfunqcionirebis saSualebas iZleva.samTo-rekreaciuli gegmarebiTi erTeulis <strong>da</strong>gegmareba“<strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> sivrciT-teritoriuli ganviTarebis gegmis”farglebSi <strong>da</strong> mxolod grg-s safuZvelze un<strong>da</strong> ganxorcieldes,rac Tavis mxriv ganapirobebs: funqciuri zonebis optimizacias,teritoriebis racionalur aTvisebas <strong>da</strong> normatiulimaCveneblebis Semcirebas, agreTve kulturul-sayofacxovrebomomsaxurebis <strong>da</strong> bunebis <strong>da</strong>cvis RonisZiebebis gaumjobesebas.III. <strong>da</strong>skvnebi <strong>da</strong> rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebi1. <strong>masobrivi</strong> <strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>turizmis</strong> intensiurmaganviTarebam msoflioSi gazar<strong>da</strong> mTis regionebis rekreaciulipotencialis gamoyenebis moTxovnilebebi, ganapiroba maTiswrafi ganviTareba <strong>da</strong> xeli Seuwyo mTaSi sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva saxis<strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> samTo <strong>turizmis</strong> popularizacias;2. saqarTvelos mTian zonaSi <strong>masobrivi</strong> <strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong><strong>turizmis</strong> ganviTareba, am mizniT arsebuli materialur-teqnikuribazis gamoyeneba <strong>da</strong> axlis Seqmna, upirvelesad <strong>turizmis</strong>a <strong>da</strong>samTo-saTxilamuro sportis mimarTulebiT, gansakuTrebulmniSvnelobas iZens. rac erTis mxriv mTian regionebSimosaxleobis <strong>da</strong>magrebiTa <strong>da</strong> sameurneo saqmianobis gaaqtiurebiTYsusti socialur-ekonomikurimdgomareobis gaZlierebisaucileblobaSi, xolo meores mxriv mTiani regionebisrekreaculi resursiT mdi<strong>da</strong>ri potencialis qveynissakeTildReod saTanado simZlavriT gamoyenebaSi gamoixateba.Tumca SesamCnevi xdeba, rom regionisa <strong>da</strong> saerTosaxelmwifoebrivi interesebis kompleqsuri gaTvaliswinebis,SeTanawyobis <strong>da</strong> harmonizaciis dros xSir SemTxvevaSiproblemaTa mogvareba fragmentul, seqtoruli xedvebis Sedegebswarmoadgens <strong>da</strong> konkretuli <strong>da</strong>rgobrivi interesebismimarTulebiT viTardeba. rogorc Sedegi, am interesebis28
amsaxvel saproeqto dokumentacia naklebad Tavsebadia sivrciTteritoriuli<strong>da</strong>gegmvis interesebTan. kvlav problemad rCebacalkeul teritoriebisTvis sivrciT-gegmarebiTi mowyobissqemis <strong>da</strong>muSaveba.3. rekreaciuli potencialiTa <strong>da</strong> kulturulimemkvidreobiT iseT mdi<strong>da</strong>r regionSi, rogoric <strong>zemo</strong> svaneTia,yvela pirobaa Seqmnili <strong>da</strong>svenebis, sportisa <strong>da</strong> garTobis,mravalprofiliani <strong>da</strong> mraval<strong>da</strong>rgovani kulturul-SemecnebiTi,sakurorto-rekreaciuli, sportul-gamajansaRebeli, turistulrekreaciuli<strong>da</strong> klimatur-balneologiuri industriiskompleqsuri ganviTarebisaTvis.4. <strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> gansaxlebis Camoyalibebasa <strong>da</strong>ganviTarebaSi bunebriv-klimatur <strong>da</strong> istoriul-eTnografiuliTaviseburebebis kompleqsuri analizis safuZvelze <strong>da</strong>ganaSenianebis Semdgomi ganviTarebis mizniT gamovleniliaganaSenianebis lokaluri gegmarebiTi erTeuli _multifunqciuri rekreaciuli kompleqsi, sa<strong>da</strong>c <strong>da</strong>svenebissxva<strong>da</strong>sxva formebis (gamajansaRebeli samTo-sportuli,alpinizmis, SemecnebiTi <strong>turizmis</strong>, <strong>da</strong> sxva) saxiT SeiZlebagamovlindes kulturul-SemecnebiTi, turistul-rekreaciuli,klimatur-balneologiuri, sportul-gamajansaRebeli, <strong>da</strong>sakurorto-rekreaciuli specializaciebi.5. samuSaoSi detaluraT aris ganxiluli ganaSenianebislokaluri gegmarebiTi erTeulis sazRvrebis <strong>da</strong>dgenisprincipebi. gansakuTrebuli adgilia <strong>da</strong>Tmobili ganaSenianebislokaluri gegmarebiTi erTeulis <strong>da</strong>gegmarebis saerToprincipebis gamovlenas, <strong>da</strong>gegmerebiTi struqturebis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxvasistemebis organizacias, iseTi urTierT<strong>da</strong>kavSirebulisistemebis Seqmnas rogoricaa: droebiTi <strong>da</strong> mudmivi mosaxleobisgansaxleba, kulturul-sayofacxovrebo momsaxureba, mwvanenargavebi, komunalur-sameurneo momsaxureba, satransportokavSirebi <strong>da</strong> sainJinro infrastruqtura.29
6. ganaSenianebis lokaluri gegmarebiTi erTeuli _multifunqciuri kompleqsisaTvis gamovlenilia agreTvearqiteqturul-<strong>da</strong>gegmarebiTi amocanebi, romelTa ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetaSesaZlebelia mxolod kompleqsuri proeqtirebiT. ganaSenianebislokaluri gegmarebiTi erTeulisaTvis <strong>da</strong>muSavebuliaoptimaluri funqciuri organizaciis sakiTxebi, romlebicganapirobeben urTierT<strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli elementebis: sakurorto<strong>da</strong>saxlebul adgilebis, samkurnalo-gamajansaRebelkompleqsebis, tyeebis <strong>da</strong> tye-parkebis, sainJinro nagebobebis <strong>da</strong>qselebis, sxva maformirebeli komponentebis racionalurganlagebas.7. ganaSenianebis lokaluri gegmarebiTi erTeulisproeqtirebis saerTo <strong>qalaqgegmarebiTi</strong> principebi<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinaremultifunqciuri rekreaciuli kompleqsi arsebuliganaSenianebi<strong>da</strong>n gancalkevebiT sivrcul gegmarebiTad<strong>da</strong>moukidebel teritoriaze, magram arsebul <strong>da</strong>saxlebasTanorganul kavSirSi un<strong>da</strong> ganTavsdes. xoloAaxali sacxovreblebimomsaxure personalis axali kontigentisaTvis un<strong>da</strong>integrirebulad ganTavsdes arsebul <strong>da</strong>saxlebaSi, Dumetesadindividualuri samosaxloebis saxiT, romlis farglebSiSesaZlebelia saojaxo sastumros mowyoba.8. gansakuTrebulad SesanarCunebelia qalaqTmSeneblobiTiganviTarebis umniSvnelovanesi principi _ ganaSenianebislokaluri gegmarebiTi erTeulis <strong>da</strong>gegmareba ganxorcieldesgrg-s safuZvelze. msgavsi kompleqsebis <strong>da</strong>proeqtebis <strong>da</strong>mSeneblobis sazRvargareTis qveynebis praqtikis magaliTebi(rogorc ilustrirebulia Cvens samuSaoSi) a<strong>da</strong>stureben, rommsgavsi obieqtebis kompleqsuri proeqtireba ganapirobebs:funqciuri zonebis optimizacias, teritoriebis racionaluraTvisebas <strong>da</strong> normatiuli maCveneblebis Semcirebas (rac amcirebsmSeneblobis Rirebulebas), agreTve kulturul-sayofacxovrebomomsaxurebis, bunebis <strong>da</strong>cvisa <strong>da</strong> SenarCunebis RonisZiebebisgaumjobesebas.30
9. ara nakleb mniSvnelovania ganaSenianebis lokalurigegmarebiTi erTeulis <strong>da</strong>gegmarebas win uswrebdes „<strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong>gegmarebiTi raionis sivrciT-teritoriuli ganviTarebis gegma”.10. ganaSenianebis lokaluri gegmarebiTi erTeulis mravalprofiliani <strong>da</strong> mraval<strong>da</strong>rgovani saqmianoba erTis mxrivdiversificirebuli e.i. ufro mdgradi ekonomikis <strong>da</strong> meoresmxriv gazrdil teritoriaze ga<strong>da</strong>nawilebuli ekologiuri<strong>da</strong>tvirTvebis e.i. erTeul teritoriaze optimaluri <strong>da</strong>tvirTvis,ufro <strong>da</strong>culi garemos safuZvels warmoadgens.11. .teritoriis optimalur funqciur <strong>da</strong>tvirTvasTan erTa<strong>da</strong>ucilebelia Ggegmazomieri <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>balansebuli iyos turistisa<strong>da</strong> adgilobriv macxovrebelTa raodenoba. <strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong>mosaxleobis (svanebis) yofiTi kultura, maT Soris sasoflosameurneosaqmianoba, romelic erTis mxriv <strong>da</strong>msveneblebis,turistebisa <strong>da</strong> sportsmenebis mozidvis metad mZlavri resursia,meores mxriv savsebiT SesaZlebelia mTeli rigi subieqturigaremoebebis gamo Tavad gaxdes mofrTxilebisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>cvisobieqti.savsebiT mosalodnelia axali samuSao adgilebiTwarmoqmnilma axali qalaqwarmomqmneli bazis momavalmakontigentma _ gareSe momsaxure personalis raodenobam,ga<strong>da</strong>aWarbos eTnokulturis mdgradi ganviTarebisaTvisaucilebel im zRvars, romelsac moiTxoven ekologiuri <strong>da</strong>eTnokulturuli SezRudvebi, agreTve axladgansaviTarebelifunqciebisaTvis samSeneblod vargisi teritoris SesaZleblobebi<strong>da</strong> amiT aRniSnuli eTnokulturis degra<strong>da</strong>ciis mizezi gaxdes.12. <strong>zemo</strong> svaneTSi, romelic aTaswleulebis manZilzemaRalmTian zonaSi Seqmnili unikaluri eTnokulturis (yofiTi<strong>da</strong> sameurneo saqmianoba, rewva _ maT Soris oqros, xelovneba _maT Soris arqiteqtura; ganaSenianebis organuli <strong>da</strong>gegmareba).generirebis erTaderT adgils warmoadgens. am fenomenisSenarCuneba <strong>da</strong> ganviTareba mxolod kompleqsur _ landSaftursameurneo,eTno-kulturul <strong>da</strong> istoriul garemoSia SesaZlebeli31
<strong>da</strong> dRes sul raRac 14 590 eTnikuri svanis sameurneo <strong>da</strong>kulturuli Tanacxovrebis meSveobiT xorcieldeba.13. aRniSnuli zRvaris <strong>da</strong>dgena SeuZlebelia. Ggamosavalimxolod procesis TviTregulaciis gziT ganviTarebaSia, sa<strong>da</strong>cgacnobierebuli iqneba sakiTxis mniSvneloba, Sesabamisad ariqneba forsirebuli ganviTarebis is xarisxi, romelic momsaxurepersonalis mkveTr matebasTan iqneba <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli, xoloprocesis kontrolisa <strong>da</strong> marTvis SesaZlebloba adgilobrivTviTmarTvelobis xelSi iqneba.14. teritoriis optimaluri funqciuri <strong>da</strong>tvirTvis erT-erTmniSvnelovan saSualebad un<strong>da</strong> miviCnioT samTo-saTxilamurosportiT, turizmiTa <strong>da</strong> samTo-sakurorto rekreaciiT miRebulSemosavlebTan erTad adgilobrivi yofiTi kulturiskomercializaciis gziT saerTo Semosavlebis mateba. aseTSemTxvevaSi erTeul turistze <strong>da</strong>angariSebiT SesaZlebeli iqnebaSemosavlebis im optimalur raodenobamde gazr<strong>da</strong>, racSemosavlebis saerTo maCvenebelSi adgilobrivi mosaxleobisxvedriT wils gazrdis, Sesabamisad turistTa optimaluriraodenobis SenarCunebas Seuwyobs xels, Seamcirebszenormatiul <strong>da</strong>tvirTvebs teritoriaze <strong>da</strong> gareSe momsaxurepersonalze mniSvnelovnad Seamcirebs moTxovnas.15. <strong>zemo</strong> svaneTi, Tavis specifiurad gamorCeuli _geografiuli, bunebriv-klimaturi <strong>da</strong> eTnokulturuli pirobebisgamo, realurad moiTxovs ”samxareo <strong>da</strong>gegmarebis proeqti<strong>da</strong>n”calke gamoyofas <strong>da</strong> mis Seswavla-<strong>da</strong>muSavebas “<strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong>(raionis) sivrciT-teritoriuli ganviTarebis gegmis” doneze. risSedega<strong>da</strong>c, qalaqTmSeneblobiT organizaciaze moqmedifaqtorebis analiziT <strong>da</strong> xangrZlivvadiani mdgradiganviTarebis <strong>qalaqgegmarebiTi</strong> rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebis SemuSavebiTSesaZlebeli iqneba: <strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> arsebuli potencialisoptimaluri <strong>da</strong>cva <strong>da</strong> gamoyeneba, saerTo ekonomikurimdgomareobis gaumjobeseba <strong>da</strong> mosaxleobis cxovrebis donismkveTri amaRleba.32
kvlevis Sedegebis aprobacia: naSromSi gamoyenebuligamokvlevebis ZiriTadi Sedegebi gamoqveynebulia Semdegisamecniero Sromebis saxiT:1. qalaqis garemos aRqmis zogadi <strong>da</strong>xasiaTeba. samecnieroakreditaciis mqone Jurnali “sazrisi” #21 Tbilisi – 2006w.2. a<strong>da</strong>miani <strong>da</strong> garemo.. samecniero akreditaciis mqone Jurnali“sazrisi” #21 Tbilisi – 2006w.3. “<strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> <strong>masobrivi</strong> <strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>turizmis</strong><strong>qalaqgegmarebiTi</strong> organizaciis ZiriTadi sakiTxebi.‟‟ teqnikuruniversitetis #76 samecniero-teqnikuri konferencia(arqiteqturis, urbanizaciisa <strong>da</strong> dizainis instituti) _ 2008 w4. “<strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> <strong>masobrivi</strong> <strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>turizmis</strong><strong>qalaqgegmarebiTi</strong> organizaciis ZiriTadi sakiTxebi.‟‟;mecnierebaTa akademiis akreditrebul Jurnali “mecniereba <strong>da</strong>teqnologiebi” #7-9; _ 2008 w.5. “seismuri riskisa <strong>da</strong>sxva stiqiur movlenaTa gaTvaliswineba<strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> raionis urbanuli <strong>da</strong>gegmarebisas.‟‟ teqnikuruniversitetis #77 samecniero-teqnikuri konferencia(arqiteqturis, urbanizaciisa <strong>da</strong> dizainis instituti) _ 2009 w6. “a<strong>da</strong>miani <strong>da</strong> garemo” iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisissax. universitetis amerikis Seswavlis institutisamerikadmcodneobis XI yovelwliur saerTaSorisokomferencia “amerika <strong>da</strong> amerikis Rirebulebebi” _ 2010w.7. .“<strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> <strong>masobrivi</strong> <strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>turizmis</strong>uzrunvelyofis sakomunikacio sistemebi” _ 2012w.8. “seismuri riskisa <strong>da</strong>sxva stiqiur movlenaTa gaTvaliswineba<strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> raionis urbanuli <strong>da</strong>gegmarebisas. _ 20012w.33
AbstractLast time it has been undertaken serious steps towards development of massiverecreation and mountain tourism in Georgia. Bakuriani is traditionally underdevelopment. Tbilisi has put significant budget investments into Gu<strong>da</strong>uri’sinfrastructure towards satellite development; mountainous resorts of Adjara and Guriaare under development as well. The actions for improving the mountainous-skiingindustry in the Upper Svaneti, as well as towards mastering the resort-recreationalpotential in general, which along with the development of the seaside resort of Anakliashould be considered as the reference point for restoration of the touristic-resortindustry and its further development on a new quality level, are of great importance.Although, we have to also note that just three years ago, for realization of the aimsstated in the dissertation thesis, which seem quite real already for to<strong>da</strong>y, it wasconsidered much more time.However, it is noteworthy as well that despite the actualization of the theme ofdevelopment of the Georgian touristic-resort industry in the last period, duringcomplexive consideration, coordination, and harmonization of the aims of theterritorial units and of the common state interests, solving of the problems are oftenresults of the fragmental, sectoral views, and develop towards the interests of theconcrete spheres. As an outcome, it still remains as a problem the elaboration of thevolume-planning arrangement scheme for some territories.On the other hands, the current stage of the social and economic development ofGeorgia reveals that for forming the massive recreation and touristic mountainousresorts, the situation is fruitful in the country for weakening and correctingdisproportions among the development levels of the regions on the level of thevaluable regional strategy.Sharing of the European experience and requirements is one of the most importantfoun<strong>da</strong>tions for the development of the touristic-resort mountainous industry, and isconnected with the main aim of the EU regional policy - to support development andequalization of the levels of life of the EU countries’ developing regions.Towards this direction, one of the apparent samples of the development islearning and using the existing potential of the Upper Svaneti’s massive recreation andtourism.34
According to the main goal of the work, it has been stated and solved thefollowing objectives in the dissertation thesis: It was learnt and analyzed the correspondent conditions for the development of themassive recreation and tourism in the Upper Svaneti, as well as the global trends andexpected changes towards this direction; It was analyzed the system of factors for providing development of massiverecreation and tourism in the Upper Svaneti; was defined the intercommunicationbetween the evolution of the sphere and the different outside factors that influence onit; It was determined the problems of placement of the resort-touristic and recreationalurban-planning complexes in the Upper Svaneti, and was analyzed the foreignexperience and the closest trends towards this direction; It was planned the resort-touristic and recreational urban-planning complex, and wererevealed the pecularities of their placement; It was defined the specific regulatories of the massive recreation and touristic urbanplanningorganization in the Upper Svaneti; It was elaborated the main principles of the formation and functional zoning of theplanning structure.According to the long-term sustainable development urban-planningrecommen<strong>da</strong>tions worked out in the dissertation thesis, it is possible to optimally useand preserve the existing potential of the Upper Svaneti, as well as improve the generaleconomic situation of the region, and sharply increase the level of life of the populationthere.35
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