Lo.kZt;arh xzke Lojkstxkj ;kstuk (SGSY) - haryana institute of rural ...
Lo.kZt;arh xzke Lojkstxkj ;kstuk (SGSY) - haryana institute of rural ...
Lo.kZt;arh xzke Lojkstxkj ;kstuk (SGSY) - haryana institute of rural ...
You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles
YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.
<strong>Lo</strong>.<strong>kZt</strong>;<strong>arh</strong> <strong>xzke</strong> <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkj ;<strong>kstuk</strong> (<strong>SGSY</strong>)<br />
vè;;u lkexzh<br />
gfj;k.kk <strong>xzke</strong>h.k fodkl laLFkku<br />
uhyks[ksM+h&132117<br />
Phone/Fax:-(01745)-246039 Phone :-(01745)-245649. E- mail:hirdnlk@yahoo.co.in<br />
Website : www.hirdnilokheri.com
fo"k;&oLrq<br />
Øekad vè;k; i`"B la[;k<br />
1 <strong>Lo</strong>.<strong>kZt</strong>;Urh <strong>xzke</strong> <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkj ;<strong>kstuk</strong> (,l-th-,l-okbZ) 1<br />
2 <strong>Lo</strong>;a lgk;rk lewg dh ladYiuk] fl¼kar] fuekZ.k o lapkyu 5<br />
3 <strong>Lo</strong>.<strong>kZt</strong>;Urh <strong>xzke</strong> <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkj ;<strong>kstuk</strong> esa xfrf<strong>of</strong>/ dyLVj 12<br />
4 <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa dk foÙkiks"k.k 14<br />
5 <strong>Lo</strong>.<strong>kZt</strong>;<strong>arh</strong> <strong>xzke</strong> <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkj ;<strong>kstuk</strong> esa Hkkxhnkj o mudh Hkwfedk 21<br />
6 leUo; o vuqizorZu (ekfuVfjax) 30<br />
7 xjhch gVkus ds lkr dne 34<br />
8 ,l-th-,l-okbZ- ij jk"Vªh; vè;;u% ,d izfØ;kRed vè;;u 42<br />
9 ,lth,lokbZ ds vUrxZr izksRlkfgr xSj&ikjaifjd ykq m|e 55<br />
10 m|ksx pquus ds fy, D;k djsa\ 63<br />
11 cSad la;kstu dk;ZØe&xjhcksa ds fy, cSafdx lqfo/k 69<br />
1
vè;k;&1<br />
<strong>Lo</strong>.<strong>kZt</strong>;Urh <strong>xzke</strong> <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkj ;<strong>kstuk</strong> (,l-th-,l-okbZ)<br />
;<strong>kstuk</strong> D;k gS\<br />
,l-th-,l-okbZ- Hkkjr ljdkj ds <strong>xzke</strong>h.k fodkl eU=kky; }kjk izk;ksftr lcls cM+k <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkj ,oa<br />
xjhch mUewyu dk;ZØe gSA ;g dk;ZØe 01&04&1999 ls ykxw fd;k x;kA xjhcksa gsrw <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkj ds<br />
volj tqVkus ds fy, fodkl j.kuhfr esa ;g ,d mnkgj.kh; o vk/kjHkwr ifjorZu (Paradigm<br />
Shift) ekuk x;k gSA<br />
‣ ;g dk;ZØe iwoZ esa ykxw fd;s tk jgs xjhch mUewyu gsrw <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkj dk;ZØe tSls fd vkbZ- vkj-<br />
Mh- ih- (1979)] Vªk;lse (1979)] Modjk (1982)] flVªk (1993)] xaxk dY;k.k ;<strong>kstuk</strong><br />
(1997) vkfn dks iquZxfBr djds mudh eq[; fo'ks"krkvksa dks 'kkfey djds cuk;k x;k gSA<br />
‣ bl dk;ZØe ds vUrxZr xjhcksa dks <strong>Lo</strong>;a lgk;rk lewgksa (SHGs) esa xfBr djus ds lkFk&lkFk<br />
muds izzf'k{k.k] ½.k o vuqnku] izkS|ksfxdh] cqfu;knh lqfo/k,a o foi.ku vkfn i{kksa dk Hkh iwjk<br />
è;ku j[kk x;k gSA<br />
‣ ;g dk;ZØe ykHkkfFkZ;ksa (<strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa) dks <strong>Lo</strong>;a lgk;rk lewgksa esa xfBr djus o muds lkewfgd<br />
foÙkiks"k.k ij cy nsrk gS rkfd <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkjh lkewfgd ;k O;fDrxr Lrj ij NksVs&2 m|e 'kq: dj<br />
ldsaA<br />
‣ ;g dk;ZØe <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa dks fdiQk;rh cqfu;knh lajpuk] foi.ku] dkS'ky fodkl o izkS|ksfxdh<br />
laca/h lqfo/k,a iznku djds mudh vk; esa leqfpr o lrr~ o`f¼ gsrw eq[; xfrf<strong>of</strong>/ p;u]<br />
fØ;kDyki&DyLVj] ifj;<strong>kstuk</strong> vk;kstu dh vo/kj.kkvksa ij vf/d cy nsrk gSA<br />
;<strong>kstuk</strong> dh vko';drk D;k gS\<br />
<strong>xzke</strong>h.k {ks=kksa esa xjhch dh fLFkfr ls fuiVus ds fy, ljdkj }kjk lefUor <strong>xzke</strong>h.k fodkl<br />
dk;ZØe pyk;s x;s rkfd xjhc ifjokj <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkj gsrw lgk;rk izkIr djds vfrfjDr vkenuh iSnk dj<br />
ldsa rFkk muds thou Lrj esa lq/kj gksA ijUrq leqfpr leUo; ds vHkko esa ;g dk;ZØe ,d nwljs<br />
ds vuqiwjd u gksdj] vyx&2 y{; dsfUær curs x;s o xjhcksa rd budk okafNr ykHk u igqap<br />
ldkA nwljs] bu dk;ZØeksa esa lkekftd laxBu] mfpr leUo; o lgHkkfxrk dh deh jghA<br />
2
lh i`"BHkwfe esa RkFkk cnyrs lkekftd&vkfFkZd ifjos'k esa lalk/uksa dh [kir ,oa<br />
y{;&miyfC/ ds chp ds varj dks è;ku esa j[k dj] Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk <strong>xzke</strong>h.k fu/Zuksa ds thou<br />
Lrj dks mUgha dh lgHkkfxrk ls csgrj cukus ds fy, rkfd mUgsa fVdkÅ vk/kj ij yEcs le; rd<br />
lrr~ vkenuh izkIr gks lds] ,d O;kid dk;ZØe rS;kj djds mls 01&04&1999 ls ns'kHkj esa<br />
ykxw fd;k rFkk bls ^<strong>Lo</strong>.<strong>kZt</strong>;Urh <strong>xzke</strong> <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkj ;<strong>kstuk</strong>* vFkok ,l-th-,l-okbZ- dk uke fn;k x;kA<br />
;<strong>kstuk</strong> ds mís'; D;k gSa\<br />
‣ <strong>xzke</strong>h.k fu/Zuksa dh {kerkvksa ds vk/kj ij cM+h la[;k esa NksVs&NksVs m|e LFkkfir djukA<br />
‣ cSad½.k&lg&ljdkjh vuqnku dh lgk;rk ls vk;&l`td ifjlEifr;ksa dk fuekZ.k dj yEcs le;<br />
rd i;kZIr ,oa LFkk;h vk; l`tu o lqfuf'pr djds ,d fuf'pr le;k<strong>of</strong>/ esa lgk;rk&izkIr<br />
ifjokjksa dks xjhch js[kk ls mij ykukA<br />
y{; lewg<br />
<strong>xzke</strong>h.k {ks+=ksa esa xjhch dh js[kk ls uhps jgus okys lHkh ifjokj ftuesa 'kkfey gSa%<br />
50% vuqlwfpr tkfr@ tu&tkfr ifjokj<br />
40% efgyk,a<br />
3% fodyakxA<br />
xjhch js[kk<br />
^^xjhch js[kk** <strong>xzke</strong>h.k {ks=kksa esa izfrekg & izfrO;fDr miHkksDrk [kpZ ds :i esa ifjHkkf"kr dh tkrh gSA<br />
bl [kpZ lhek ls de [kpsZ okys ifjokjksa dks ^xjhch dh js[kk ls uhps* (Below Poverty Line<br />
or BPL) ekuk tkrk gSA<br />
;<strong>kstuk</strong> dh eq[; fo'ks"krk,a D;k gSa\<br />
<strong>Lo</strong>.<strong>kZt</strong>;Urh <strong>xzke</strong> <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkj ;<strong>kstuk</strong> dk y{; gS <strong>xzke</strong>h.k fu/Zuksa dh {kerk dk mi;ksx dj <strong>xzke</strong>h.k {ks=kksa<br />
esa cM+h la[;k esa NksVs&NksVs m|e yxkukA bl fo'okl ds dkj.k gS fd Hkkjr ds <strong>xzke</strong>h.k fu/Zuksa esa<br />
{kerk gS vkSj ;fn mUgsa mfpr lgk;rk nh tk, rks os ewY;oku oLrqvksa@lsokvksa ds mRiknd cu<br />
ldrs gSaA<br />
;g ;<strong>kstuk</strong> iwoZ esa ykxw fd, x, dk;ZØeksa ls iw.kZr;k fHkUu gSA ykHkkFkhZ dks ^<strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkjh* dgk tkrk<br />
gSA <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkj O;fDrxr ,oa lewg Lrj ij fn;k tkrk gS <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa ds {kerk&fuekZ.k gssrw<br />
lkekftd ykecanh o laxBu dh izfØ;k ls <strong>Lo</strong>;a lgk;rk lewgksa esa xBu ds lkFk&lkFk izf'k{k.k]<br />
3
izkS|ksfxdh] cqfu;knh lqfo/k,a] foi.ku lqfo/k,a vkfn iznku djus ij cy fn;k tkrk gSA dk;ZØe<br />
dks ykxw djus esa o lk[k miyC/ djkus esa Mh-vkj-Mh-,-] lEc¼ foHkkxksa] cSadksa] rduhdh<br />
laLFkkvksa] iapk;rh jkt laLFkkvksa] xSj&ljdkjh laLFkkvksa] vkfn dh egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gSA bldh<br />
j.kuhfr o dk;kZUo;u esa <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa dks lHkh izdkj dh fdiQk;rh lqfo/k,a iznku djus] eq[;<br />
xfrf<strong>of</strong>/ p;u] xfrf<strong>of</strong>/ DyLVj cukus o ifj;<strong>kstuk</strong> fuekZ.k i¼fr;ksa o vo/kj.kkvksa ij cy<br />
fn;k x;k gSA<br />
iwoZ dk;ZØeksa ls fHkUu ;g dk;ZØe <strong>xzke</strong>h.k fu/Zuksa ds fy, <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkj ds lHkh igywvksa dks<br />
'kkfey djrk gS tSls fd %<br />
• fu/Zuksa dks <strong>Lo</strong>;a lgk;rk lewgksa esa xBu rFkk mudk {kerk fuekZ.k<br />
• izf'k{k.k<br />
• eq[; fØ;k&Dykiksa dk p;u<br />
• fØ;k&Dyki lewgksa (activity clusters) dk vk;kstu<br />
• cqfu;knh lqfo/kk,a<br />
• izks|kSfxdh<br />
• foi.ku<br />
• ½.k<br />
izf'k{k.k<br />
izR;sd <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkjh ij 5000 :- rd [kpZ dk izko/ku gS ftlesa fuEufyf[kr 'kkfey gSa %<br />
• vk/kfjd mUeq[khdj.k@vfHkKku (Basic Orientation)<br />
• lewg xBu izfØ;k gsrw {kerk&fuekZ.k (Capacity Building)<br />
• dkS'ky fodkl ,oa lao/Zu (Skill-Upgradation)<br />
• izks|kSfxdh lgk;rk (Technological Support)<br />
• foi.ku (cktkj&O;oLFkk) lgk;rkA<br />
• foi.ku&losZ{k.k (Market Survey)] ewY; lao/Zu (Value Addition)] ,oa mRiknu<br />
f<strong>of</strong><strong>of</strong>/dj.k (Product Diversification) gsrw izko/kuA<br />
• cSadksa] rduhdh laLFkkvksa rFkk ykbZu foHkkxksa dh egÙoiw.kZ HkwfedkA<br />
• xSj&ljdkjh laxBuksa dh egÙoiw.kZ HkwfedkA<br />
• iapk;rh jkt laLFkkvksa dh egÙoiw.kZ HkwfedkA<br />
4
vuqnku<br />
• leku nj ij ifj;<strong>kstuk</strong> ykxr dk 30%, tks vf/dre 7500 :- gksxkA<br />
• vuqlwfpr tkfr@tutkfr@fodykaxksa ds fy, ifj;<strong>kstuk</strong> ykxr dk 50% tks vf/dre 10000<br />
:- gksxkA<br />
• lewg gsrw ifj;<strong>kstuk</strong> ykxr dk 50% ;k 1-25 yk[k :- ;k izfrO;fDr 10000 :-] tks Hkh<br />
de gksA<br />
• flapkbZ ifj;<strong>kstuk</strong> ds fy, dksbZ ekSfnzd lhek ughaA<br />
• nq:i;ksx jksdus ds fy, vuqnku dk ½.k ds le{k lek;kstu viukbZ xbZ lewg@O;fDrxr<br />
xfrf<strong>of</strong>/;kas ds liQy gksus ds i'pkr (Back-Ended Subsidy)<br />
• fo'ks"k ifj;<strong>kstuk</strong>vksa ds fy, 15% jkf'k dk dsUæ Lrj ij vkoaVuA<br />
• dsUnz o jkT; ljdkj }kjk 75 % 25 vuqikr esa foÙkiksf"krA<br />
5
vè;k;&2<br />
<strong>Lo</strong>;a lgk;rk lewg dh ladYiuk] fl¼kar] fuekZ.k o lapkyu<br />
<strong>Lo</strong>;a lgk;rk lewg D;k gS\<br />
<strong>Lo</strong>;a lgk;rk lewg 5&20 O;fDr;ksa dk ,d vukSipkfjd laxBu gS tks fdlh fo'ks"k lka>k<br />
mís'; dh izkfIr gsrw <strong>Lo</strong>sPNk ls laxfBr gq, gSa ftudh lkekftd&vkfFkZd fLFkfr esa ,d:irk gS RkFkk<br />
tks lkaLd`frd Hkkoukvksa ls vkil esa tqMs gSaA vkerkSj ij ;s lHkh ,d eqgYys ;k xk¡o ds gksrs gSaA os<br />
lHkh feydj fu;fer] fu/kZfjr U;wUkre cpr djus dk fu.kZ; ysrs gSa rFkk mls viuh nSfud]<br />
rRdkfyd] miHkksx ,oa mRiknu dh vko';drkvksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, iz;ksx esa ykrs gSaA os LFkkuh;<br />
Lrj ij feytqy dj vkilh lg;ksx ls ½.k dh O;oLFkk] efgyk l'kfDrdj.k] vk; o`f¼] f'k{kk]<br />
<strong>Lo</strong>kLF; o lkekftd eqn~nkas dk <strong>Lo</strong>;a lgk;rk lewg ds ekè;e ls funku dj djrs gSA blds<br />
vfrfjDr] muds miyC/ dkS'ky esa o`f¼ djuk] rFkk mudh izcU/u {kerkvksa dk fuekZ.k dj mUgsa<br />
izf'k{k.k bR;kfn ds ekè;e ls l{ke cukuk Hkh blds izeq[k y{; gSaA ] rkfd os <strong>Lo</strong>kyEch o fVdkm<br />
(lrr~) fodkl] izfØ;k dk etcwr fgLlk cu ldsaA vFkkZr] lnL;ksaa dks l'kDr dj <strong>Lo</strong>kcyEch cukuk<br />
o muds fy, vk;<Zu o <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkj ds voljksa dk LFkkf;Ro iznku djuk <strong>Lo</strong>;a lgk;rk lewg<br />
iz.kkyh dk eq[; mís'; gSA<br />
vr% dgk tk ldrk gS fd <strong>Lo</strong>a; lgk;rk lewg dh vo/kj.kk cpr ,oa ½.k] vkilh<br />
fo'okl] lgHkkfxrk] ,d:Ikrk] lerk o iztkrU=kRed iz.kkyh ls fu.kZ; djus ij vk/kfjr gS ftlesa<br />
lnL; xjhch fuokj.k ds fy, lak"kZ'khy gksrs gSA<br />
<strong>Lo</strong>a; lgk;rk lewg D;ksa\<br />
fiNys reke vuqHkoksa ds vk/kj ij fuEu eqís o lek/ku mHkj dj lkeus vkrs gSa%<br />
‣ D;k ,dy iz;Ru dh txg lkewfgd o ,dtqV iz;kl orZeku lkekftd o vkfFkZd leL;kvksa<br />
ds funku esa vf/d dkjxj gaS] ftuds }kjk xjhc o csjkstxkj efgyk ,oa iq:"kksa ds lxBau ds<br />
ekè;e ls fodkl iz.kkyh dk ekè;e o Hkkx cuk;k tk, A<br />
‣ ,d ,slh O;oLFkk ds fodkl dh vko';drk gS ftlesa f<strong>of</strong>HkUu dk;ZØeksa esa leUo; ,oa<br />
,d nwljs esa lEcU/ gks \<br />
6
‣ miyC/ lalk/u ,oa dk;ZØeksa ds chp rkyesy j[kdj LFkkuh; efgykvksa dks ,d ,sls lewg<br />
ds :Ik esa tksM+k tk, fd os laxfBr gksdj LFkkuh; ;<strong>kstuk</strong>,a cuk,a] mudks ykxw djsa o<br />
vkfLr;ksa ds j[kj[kko dh izfØ;k ls tqMsaA<br />
‣ lkekftd xfr'khyrk dk vkjaHk lcls uhpys Lrj ls rFkk lxaBukRed rjhds ls gksuk pkfg,A<br />
‣ tc yksx laxfBr gksrs gS] l;qDr fu.kZ; djrs gSa vkSj mUgsa cjkcj ds ekSds feyrs gSa rks<br />
fu'p; gh muesa HkkbZpkjs dh Hkkouk c
10- lkeqnkf;d fc[kjko o vkilh }s"k vkfn dks [kRe dj ,d ldkjkRed izkFkfed<br />
Lrjh; ikjn'khZ laxBu dk fuekZ.k djukA<br />
11- <strong>xzke</strong>h.k leqnk; dh] foÙkh; laLFkkvksa rd vklku igq¡p cukukA<br />
12- mRiknd dk;Z esa iwath yxkdj lnL;ksaa dh vkfFkZd] leqnkf;d ,oa lkaLd`frd fLFkfr<br />
etcwr djus ds fy, vkSj vkilh HkkbZ&pkjk c
efgyk&iq:"kksa dk lewg gS ftUgas viuh {kerk ls lewg dk lapkyu djuk gS rFkk blds fuekZ.k ds<br />
nkSjku gh mUgsa viuh {kerkvksa dk fuekZ.k djuk gSA ;g ,d /heh o le; ysus okyh izfØ;k gSA<br />
lewg dk xBu ,d lkekftd xfr'khyu (social mobilisation) dh izfØ;k ls gksrk gS] tks<br />
<strong>Lo</strong>r% izkjEHk gksus okyh ugha gSA bls fdlh lkekftd dk;ZdrkZ] izsjd] (Animator)<br />
ifjorZudkjh (Catalyst)] lgk;d (Helper) ;k lqfo/kiznk;d (Facilitator) }kjk izkjEHk<br />
fd;k tkuk visf{kr o vko';d gSA<br />
vr% lewg dk xBu ,d lqfu;ksftr o pj.k&c¼ izfØ;k ds rgr gksuk pkfg, ftleas lHkh lnL;ksaa<br />
dh cjkcj Hkkxhnkjh gksA<br />
<strong>xzke</strong>h.kksa dh lHkk<br />
<strong>xzke</strong>h.k fu/Zukas dh ,d lHkk cqyk,a A ftles viuh ;<strong>kstuk</strong>@<strong>Lo</strong>;a lgk;rk lewg dh (izfØ;k] ykHk]<br />
vkfn ds ckjs esa) iwjh tkudkjh nsosaA bl lHkk esa ljiap@ipka;r lnL;] vuqHkoh cqtqxZ] efgyk,a o<br />
;qok lHkh gksa rks vf/d vPNk gksxkA bl lHkk esa muds lHkh iz'ukas dk mÙkj nsosa rFkk dksbZ Hkh 'kadk<br />
gks mls nwj djsaaA ;gh gS ^^lkeqnkf;d lgHkfxrk** ;fn vki Li"Vrk o laosnu'khyrk ls dke ysaxs rks<br />
vki vo'; liQy gksaxsA xk¡o okys vo'; gh bls viuk;saxs vkSj dksbZ Hkh bldk fojks/ ugha djsxkA<br />
lewg cukus gsrw iszjd o lgk;d dks fuEufyf[kr izfØ;k viukuh pkfg, %<br />
• fu/Zu ifjokjksa ls ifjfpr gksuk ,oa fo'okl tekukA<br />
• <strong>xzke</strong>h.k fu/Zukas ds ikl tk,aA muls mudh Hkk"kk esaa mudh leL;kvksa ds ckjs esa ckrphr djsaaA<br />
vius ckjs esa mudks crk,a o muls kqy&fey tk,aA ;fn vko';d gks rks cM+s cqtqxks± ls Hkh<br />
feyasA<br />
• lHkh dks viuh ;<strong>kstuk</strong> ds ckjs esa crk,a o le>k,a fd fdl izdkj blls mudk fgr&lk/u<br />
gksxkA<br />
• mudk fo'okl o leFkZu gkfly djasA<br />
• lewg esa 'kkfey gksus okys ifjokjksa dh efgyk lnL;ksaa ls ckrphr dj mudh lcls cMh<br />
leL;kvksa ds ckjs esa tkuus dh dksf'k'k djsaA<br />
• ;g vR;ar vko';d o egRoiw.kZ gS fd vki mUgsa ges'kk viuh ;<strong>kstuk</strong> ds ckjs esa Li"V o<br />
lgh crk,a vkSj dksbZ Hkh ,slh ckr u djsaa ftlesa vki <strong>Lo</strong>a; Li"V u gksa ;k mUgsa Hkzfer djsA<br />
>wBs vk'oklu ;k ykyp fcYdqy u nsaA<br />
9
lewgksa dk {kerko/Zu dSls\<br />
lewg&xBu ds mijkar] lewg lnL;ksaa dks lewg dk lapkyu o izca/u <strong>Lo</strong>;a djuk gS] ftlds<br />
fy, mudk {kerko/Zu vko';d gSA blds fy, fuEu t:jh gS %<br />
1- cSad esaa cpr&[kkrk [kqyokuk rFkk tek o fudklh ds ckjs esa tkudkjhA<br />
2- lewg lapkyu ds f<strong>of</strong>HkUu igyqvksa ds ckjs tkudkjh] tSls % fu;fer cSBdsa dSls djsaa]<br />
dk;Zokgh dSls fy[ksa] ys[kk&tks[kk o fjdkMZ dSls fy[ksa] ysu&nsu dSls djsaa] lHkh lnL;ksa<br />
dh Hkkxhnkjh dSls gks] fu.kZ; dSls djsa] izkFkfedrk dSls fu/kZfjr djsa] lkekftd eqn~nkas<br />
lokyksa dk funku dSls djsa vkfnA<br />
3- buds fy, le;&2 ij izf'k{k.k vk;ksftr fd, tk,aA<br />
4- lewgksa dks vf/d etcwr o liQy cukus ds fy, ;g Hkh vko';d gS fd lewg lnL;ksa<br />
dks mu lewgksa ls feyok;k tk, tks liQy jgs gksaA rFkk muds lnL;ksa ls f<strong>of</strong>HkUu eqn~nkas<br />
ij vkilh okrkZyki&ppkZ djokbZ tk,A<br />
dkS'ky fodkl izf'k{k.k<br />
lewg lnL; dksbZ vkfFkZd fØ;kdyki 'kq: dj ldsa] blds fy, lnL;ksa dh izf'k{k.k<br />
vko';drkvksa dk vkadyu djds rFkk lHkh lEcaf/r fgr&Hkkfx;ksa ls lykg ef'ojk djds<br />
lqfu;ksftr izf'k{k.k dk;ZØe cukuk pkfg, ftlesa dkS'ky fodkl ds lkFk&2 cqd&dhfiax]<br />
cSad ½.k dk ysu&nsu] ½.k dk iz;ksx] ½.k dh pqdkSrh] mRikn&lsok dk foi.ku] vkfn]<br />
fo"k;ksa ij tkudkjh nh tkuh pkfg,A<br />
vkadyu<br />
lewg Hkyh izdkj dk;Z dj jgs gSa] mudh {kerk dk fuekZ.k gks jgk gS] mudh dk;Z iz.kkyh<br />
lgh gS] vkfn dk chp&2 esaa vkadyu djuk pkfg, o tgk¡ detksfj;k¡ gkas muesa lq/kj dk<br />
iz;kl fd;k tkuk pkfg,A blds fy, lewg dh xzsfMax fd;k tkuk t:jh gSA ,l-th-,l-okbZds<br />
rgr] izFke xzsfMax lewg cuus ds 6 ekg o f}rh; PkØh; fuf/ ds forfjr fd,s tkus ds<br />
6 ekg ckn dh tkuh pkfg,A<br />
lewgksa ds fodkl ds f<strong>of</strong>HkUUk pj.k<br />
lewg xBu o fodkl dh izfØ;k ,d yEch o lrr izfØ;k gS ftls lHkh LFkkuksa o {ks+=kksa<br />
ekuhd`r (Standardised) fd;k tkuk u gh rks lEHko gS vkSj u gh lghA fiQj Hkh] bl lanHkZ<br />
10
esa izsjdksa gsrw fuEufyf[kr ekxZnf'kZdk lgk;d fl¼ gks ldrh gSA lewg fodkl ds fuEu pj.k<br />
ekus tkus pkfg,aA<br />
1 + lewg fuekZ.k pj.k % <strong>Lo</strong>&izcaf/r lxaBu ds :Ik esa lewgksa ds fuekZ.k] fodkl ,oa lqn`
fy[kuk&i
vè;k;&3<br />
<strong>Lo</strong>.<strong>kZt</strong>;Urh <strong>xzke</strong> <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkj ;<strong>kstuk</strong> esa xfrf<strong>of</strong>/ dyLVj<br />
DyLVj vo/kj.kk D;k gS\<br />
DyLVj dk vFkZ gS ,d {ks=k fo'ks"k {ks=k ftl esa ,d gh izdkj dh vkfFkZd] jkstxkj&ijd o<br />
vk;<Zd xfrf<strong>of</strong>/;ksa dk tekoM+k gks ;k ,d&nwljs ds m|eksa esas dke vkusokys mRiknd&m|e tks<br />
,d gh izdkj dh cqfu;knh lqfo/kvksa] cktkj vkSj lsokvksa dk mi;ksx djrs gSaA ftUgsa ,d leku<br />
volj feyrs gSa o ftUgsa ,d izdkj ds tksf[ke mBkus gksrs gSaA<br />
<strong>xzke</strong>h.k Hkkjr esa ,sls vusd LFkku gSa tgka ds dkjhxj ikjaifjd dq'kyrk ds vk/kj ij<br />
izkd`frd DyLVjksa esa lfn;ksa@n'kdksa eas fodflr gq, gSa vkSj py jgs gSaA fet+kZiqj (mÙkj izns'k) dk<br />
dkyhu dh cqukbZ] dkaphiqje (rfeyukMq) dk js'ke gFkdjkk] t;iqj (jktLFkku) dk Cyw ikVjh]<br />
gkoM+k (if'pe caxky) dk tjh dk dke] eqjknkckn (mÙkj izns'k) dk ihry dk dke] vyhx
• DyLVj fodkl ls lEcaf/r m|fe;ksa dks dPps eky dh [kjhn] mRiknu vkSj mRiknu&i'pkr<br />
izfØ;kvksa] tSls foi.ku]
vè;k;&4<br />
<strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa dk foÙkiks"k.k<br />
<strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa dks nks oxks± esa foHkkftr fd;k tk ldrk gS% <strong>xzke</strong>h.k xjhcksa ls xfBr<br />
<strong>Lo</strong>;a&lgk;rk lewg ds lnL; rFkk oS;fDrd <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkjhA<br />
<strong>Lo</strong>.<strong>kZt</strong>;<strong>arh</strong> <strong>xzke</strong> <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkj ;<strong>kstuk</strong> ds v/hu nksuksa izdkj ds <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa dks foÙkh; lgk;rk<br />
miyC/ gSA<br />
;|fi eq[;r% lkewfgd foÙkiks"k.k ij cy fn;k tkrk gS] rFkkfi izeq[k xfrf<strong>of</strong>/;ksa ds v/hu<br />
p;fur oS;fDrd <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa ds foÙkiks"k.k dh eukgh ugha gSA<br />
bl Hkkx esa nksuksa izdkj ds <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa ds foÙkiks"k.k dh ppkZ dh xbZ gSA<br />
<strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa dks nks oxks± esa foHkkftr fd;k tk ldrk gS% <strong>xzke</strong>h.k xjhcksa ls xfBr<br />
<strong>Lo</strong>;a&lgk;rk lewg ds lnL; rFkk oS;fDrd <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkjhA<br />
<strong>Lo</strong>.<strong>kZt</strong>;<strong>arh</strong> <strong>xzke</strong> <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkj ;<strong>kstuk</strong> ds v/hu nksuksa izdkj ds <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa dks foÙkh; lgk;rk<br />
miyC/ gSA<br />
;|fi eq[;r% lkewfgd foÙkiks"k.k ij cy fn;k tkrk gS] rFkkfi izeq[k xfrf<strong>of</strong>/;ksa ds v/hu<br />
p;fur oS;fDrd <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa ds foÙkiks"k.k dh eukgh ugha gSA<br />
bl Hkkx esa nksuksa izdkj ds <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa ds foÙkiks"k.k dh ppkZ dh xbZ gSA<br />
<strong>Lo</strong>;a lgk;rk lewgksa dk foÙkiks"k.k<br />
tSlk fd iwoZ esa ppkZ dh xbZ gS] <strong>Lo</strong>;a lgk;rk lewgksa ds fodkl ds pkj pj.k gSa % lewg<br />
xBu] lewg fLFkjhdj.k] lw{e ½.k vkSj lw{e m|e fodklA foÙkh; lgk;rk lw{e ½.k rFkk<br />
lw{e m|e fodkl pj.kksa esa iznku dh tkrh gSA<br />
lw{e&½.k pj.k esa foÙkiks"k.k<br />
;g og pj.k gksrk gS tc lewg cSad ls udn ½.k (cash credit) ds :i esa pØh; fuf/<br />
(Revolving Fund) ds fy, ik=k le>k tkrk gSA blesa Mh-vkj-Mh-,- }kjk vuqnku rFkk cSad<br />
}kjk ½.k fn;k tkrk gS rkfd lewg lw{e&½.k xfrf<strong>of</strong>/;ksa (micro-credit activities) dks<br />
viuk ldsA<br />
15
lewg vius xBu ds ckn yxHkx N% eghuksa dh v<strong>of</strong>/ esa bl Lrj rd igqap ldrs gSa]<br />
rFkkfi dbZ ckj blds fy, N% eghuksa ls vf/d v<strong>of</strong>/ Hkh yx ldrh gSA ;g v<strong>of</strong>/ izk;%<br />
lnL;ksa dh lk{kjrk] muds tkx:drk&Lrj vkSj lkekftd&vkfFkZd i`"BHkwfe] ,uhesVj@lgk;d<br />
laLFkk dh dq'kyrk] vkfn ij fuHkZj djrh gSA<br />
;fn lewg ds lapkyu esa fuEufyf[kr ewy ckrsa ns[kus esa vkrh gSa rks ;g le>k tk ldrk gS<br />
fd lewg lw{e ½.k pj.k esa igqap x;k gS%<br />
• cSBdksa dk fu;fer vk;kstu<br />
• cSBdksa esa vPNh mifLFkfr<br />
• fey&tqy dj fu.kZ; ysuk<br />
• fu;fer cpr<br />
• lnL;ksa dh ½.k vko';drkvksa dk lgh vkadyu<br />
• lkewfgd fuf/ ls lnL;ksa dks ½.k nsuk<br />
• larks"ktud pqdkSrh izfØ;k<br />
• cfg;ksa dk mfpr j[kj[kko<br />
• foÙkh; ekeyksa esa lewg esa vuq'kklu<br />
fdarq mi;qZDr eqn~nksa dk vkdyu djus esa fopkjksa esa erHksn gks ldrs gSa] blfy,] lewgksa ds<br />
vkdyu esa tgka rd laHko gks lds fu"i{k ekunaM o izfØ;k viukuh pkfg,A<br />
izFke oxhZdj.k ijh{kk (First Grading Test)<br />
;g ,d tfVy ijh{kk gS ftlds }kjk bl ckr dk vkadyu djus esa lgk;rk feyrh gS fd<br />
D;k <strong>Lo</strong>;a lgk;rk lewgksa dks mudh miyfC/ ds vk/kj ij pØh; fuf/ (Revolving Fund)<br />
o vuqnku (Subsidy) ds ekè;e ls foÙkh; lgk;rk nh tk ldrh gSA<br />
• izFke oxhZdj.k ijh{kk (First Grading Test) dk mís'; lewgkas dks ^ikl* ;k ^iQsy*<br />
djuk ugha gS<br />
• ;fn lewg vPNk fudyrk gS vkSj NksVs ½.k ds ysu&nsu ds fy, ckgjh fuf/;ksa dk<br />
izca/u djus ds fy, mi;qDr ik;k tkrk gS rks ml lewg dks rRdky cSad ls lgc¼<br />
(fyad) djus dh vko';drk gksrh gS rkfd og cM+s ½.k ysu&nsu ds yacs jkLrs ij<br />
py iM+sA<br />
16
• nwljh vksj] ;fn lewg ½.k&;ksX; ugha ik;k tkrk gS rks mls l{ke ,ao lqn`
• lewgksa dh ½.k lEca/h O;ogkj dq'kyrk o ysu&nsu dh {kerk dk fodkl<br />
ifjØkeh fuf/ (Revolving Fund) dk mi;ksx dSls fd;k tk,\<br />
lewg fuEufyf[kr iz;<strong>kstuk</strong>sa ds fy, ifjØkeh fuf/ dk mi;ksx dj ldrk gS%<br />
• lnL;ksa dks viuh vkfFkZd xfrf<strong>of</strong>/;ksa dks lqn`
• cSad ½.k lkewfgd cpr ds vuqikr esa gksrk gSA ½.k izkIr djus dh {kerk ds vk/kj ij<br />
rFkk lewg dh ½.k&lk[k dks è;ku esa j[krs gq,] lkewfgd cpr ds 4 xquk jkf'k rd udn<br />
½.k lhek dh <strong>Lo</strong>hd`fr nh tk ldrh gSA<br />
• lkewfgd cpr dh jkf'k ds cjkcj vuqnku (subsidy) U;wure 5000@& :-rFkk vf/dre<br />
10000@& :- izfr lewg fn;k tkrk gSA<br />
• ;fn ckn esa ;g ik;k tkrk gS fd lewg ykq m|e fodkl pj.k esa igqap ikus esa dke;kc<br />
ugh gqvk gS rks mldh t:jr ds vuqlkj rFkk] ;fn fjokfYoax iQ.M dk mfpr
,sls tkucw>dj pwd u djusokys pwddrkZvksa ftudh lefUor <strong>xzke</strong>h.k fodkl dk;ZØe ds<br />
v/hu 5000@& :- rd dh vfrns;rk,a (overdues) gSa] dks cSad ,lth,lokbZ ds v/hu<br />
½.k iznku dj ldrk gSA ;|fi vuqnku lacaf/r oxZ ds fy, fu/kZfjr lhek rd gh fn;k<br />
tk;sxk] fdarq mlesa ls lefUor <strong>xzke</strong>h.k fodkl dk;ZØe ds v/hu iwoZ esa izkIr dh x;h<br />
vuqnku dh jkf'k dks kVk fn;k tk,xkA<br />
[kaM fodkl vf/dkjh ;k mlds izfrfuf/ lfgr] cSad izca/d rFkk ljiap dh la;qDr<br />
Vhe@lfefr tkucw>dj pwd u djusokys pwddrkZvksa dks izekf.kr djsxhA<br />
cSad dks ;g lqfuf'pr djuk gksxk fd tks <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkjh <strong>Lo</strong>.<strong>kZt</strong>;<strong>arh</strong> ½.k dh pqdkSrh dj ldrk<br />
gS fdarq mlus pqdkSrh ugha dh gS tkucw>dj pwd djusokyk pwddrkZ dgyk,xkA<br />
;fn fdlh lewg esa tkucw>dj pwd djusokys pwddrkZ lnL; gSa rks mUgsa lewg ds vUnj<br />
cpr ,oa C;kt ds vk/kj ij fufeZr lewg fuf/ (Group Corpus) ds vUrxZr ½.k<br />
xfrf<strong>of</strong>/;ksa ls ykHk ysus dh vuqefr nh tkuh pkfg,A fdarq mUgsa vkfFkZd xfrf<strong>of</strong>/;ksa ds fy,<br />
½.k rc rd ugha fn;k tk ldrk tc rd os cdk;k ½.k ugha pqdk nsrsA lewg dks ½.k<br />
iznku djrs le; ,sls pwddrkZvksa dks fxurh esa u ys dj foÙkh; lgk;rk nh tk ldrh gSA<br />
è;ku jgs fd cSadj dks tkucw>dj pwd djusokys pwddrkZ ds lacaf/;ksa dks ½.k euk ugha<br />
djuk pkfg, c'krsZ fd <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkjh mlh ^ifjokj* dk u gks ftlesa tkucw>dj pwd djus<br />
okyk pwddrkZ jgrk gksA ifjokj dh ifjHkk"kk esa oSokfgd laca/h] jDr&laca/h vkSj nÙkd<br />
laca/h gks ldrs gSa] tSls fd ifr] iRuh] vkfJr ekrk&firk] HkkbZ@cgu] iq=k@iq=khA tc rd os<br />
laca/h ,d kj esa lkFk jgrs gSa rc rd ;g ifjokj tkucw>dj pwd djusokyk pwddrkZ<br />
ifjokj dgyk,xkA ;fn buesa ls dksbZ laca/h vyx kj clkrk gS ;k vius ifjokj ls vukfJr<br />
gks tkrk gS] rks og mlh xjhch js[kk okys ifjokj dk lnL; ugha ekuk tk,xkA<br />
fdlh vkosnd dk kj vyx gS ;k ugha] ;g fu/kZj.k djus ds fy, dsoy ½.k& vkosnd<br />
dh kks"k.kk i;kZIr ugha gS fd og vius ifjokj ls vyx jgrk gSA fu.kZ; ysrs le; 'kk[kk<br />
izca/d rF;ksa dh tkap vius Lrj ij <strong>Lo</strong>;a dj ldrs gSa ;k lansgkLin ekeyksa esa xkao dk<br />
nkSjk dj ldrs gSaA<br />
,d gh kj esa nks pwYgksa ;k nks jk'ku dkMks± dh miyfC/ nks ifjokjksa dh ckr dh iqf"V djrh<br />
gSA<br />
20
lkewfgd thou chek ;<strong>kstuk</strong> D;k gS\<br />
Hkkjrh; thou chek fuxe dh lkewfgd thou chek ;<strong>kstuk</strong> ds v/hu 18 o"kZ ls vf/d o<br />
60 o"kZ ls de mez ds <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k gSA ;g ;<strong>kstuk</strong> ml fnu ls<br />
izHkkoh gksrh gS ftl fnu ml <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkjh dks vkfLr laforfjr dh tkrh gS vkSj ;g mldh<br />
65 o"kZ dh mez rd ;k vkjaHk gksus dh frfFk ls 5 o"kZ rd] tks Hkh igys iwjh gksrh gks]<br />
izHkkoh jgrh gSA <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkjh dh izkd`frd e`R;q dh fLFkfr esa mlds ukfeuh (Nominee) dks<br />
6000@& :- vkSj nqkZVuk ls e`R;q dh fLFkfr esa 12]000 :- dk eqvkotk fn;k tk ldrk<br />
gSA <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkjh dh tUe frfFk@mez dk irk yxkus ds fy, jk'ku dkMZ] ernkrk lwph] xjhch<br />
js[kk dh lwph rFkk] f'kf{kr gksus dh fLFkfr esa] fo|ky; NksM+us dk izek.ki=k (School<br />
Leaving Certificate)] vkfn dk gksuk dkiQh gSA bl izdkj ds nLrkost u gksus dh fLFkfr<br />
esa <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkjh }kjk dh xbZ kks"k.kk gh i;kZIr gksxhA<br />
foÙkiks"kd cSad lkewfgd thou chek ;<strong>kstuk</strong> ds dk;kZUo;u ds f<strong>of</strong>HkUu pj.kksa] tSls<br />
nLrkostksa ds cukus] ches dh izhfe;e jkf'k izkIr djus ds okLrs <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa laca/h<br />
tkudkjh miyC/ djokus] nkoksa dh izLrqfr rFkk {kfriwfrZ] vkfn] esa 'kkfey gksxkA cSad<br />
dks lkewfgd thou chek ;<strong>kstuk</strong> ds v/hu izkIr nkos dh jkf'k dk cdk;k ½.k dh<br />
ns;rkvksa dks olwyh ds fy, lek;ksftr ugha djuk pkfg,A<br />
21
vè;k;&5<br />
<strong>Lo</strong>.<strong>kZt</strong>;<strong>arh</strong> <strong>xzke</strong> <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkj ;<strong>kstuk</strong> esa Hkkxhnkj o mudh Hkwfedk<br />
mís';<br />
bl vè;k; dk mís'; <strong>Lo</strong>.<strong>kZt</strong>;<strong>arh</strong> <strong>xzke</strong> <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkj ;kstxk ds fØ;kUo;u esa 'kkfey fgrHkkfx;ksa<br />
(Stakeholders) dh Hkwfedk dh lgh tkudkjh nsuk rkfd muds dk;kZUo;u esa leUo;<br />
LFkkfir fd;k tk lds vkSj mls vf/d izHkkoh cuk;k tk ldsA oLrqr% buesa vkilh leUo;<br />
o lg;ksx }kjk gh bl ;<strong>kstuk</strong> dks mfpr
• mUgsa izksRlkfgr djus okyh laLFkkvksa (Self Help Promoting Institutions) ds :i esa<br />
dk;Z dj ldus okyh xSj&ljdkjh laLFkkvksa (NGOs) dh igpku djuk vkSj mUgsa<br />
foÙkh; lgk;rk iznku djuk<br />
• ftu <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa dk ½.k vkSj lfClMh (vuqnku) eatwj gks pqdh gks] muds fy,<br />
U;wure dkS'ky&vko';drk rFkk ewy vfHkeq[khdj.k (Basic Orientation) dk;ZØeksa<br />
dk izca/ djuk<br />
• [kaM Lrj ij <strong>xzke</strong>ksa esa xfrf<strong>of</strong>/ lewgksa (DyLVjksa) o izeq[k xfrf<strong>of</strong>/;ksa (Key<br />
Activities) dh igpku djuk rFkk [kaM@ftyk <strong>xzke</strong> <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkj lfefr;ksa }kjk eatwjh fn,<br />
tkus ds ckn bls lEcfU/r foHkkxksa@laLFkkvksa@cSadksa dks iszf"kr djukA<br />
• igpkuh xbZ xfrf<strong>of</strong>/;ksa dh izkstsDV fjiksZV rS;kj djuk vkSj cSadksa vkSj nwljs lgHkkfx;ksa ds<br />
ikl H<strong>kstuk</strong>A<br />
• cqfu;knh lqfo/kvksa dh dfe;ksa dk irk yxkuk vkSj cSadksa ds lkFk lykg djds muds<br />
fodkl ds fy, izLrko rS;kj djukA<br />
• esyksas o izn'kZfu;ksa dk vk;kstu djds] cktkj dh ekaxksa dh tkudkjh gkfly djds] fcØh<br />
dsUæksa dh LFkkiuk djds rFkk [kknh <strong>xzke</strong>ks|ksx dsUæ (ds-oh-vkbZ-lh-) @[kknh <strong>xzke</strong>ks|ksx cksMZ<br />
(ds-oh-vkbZ-ch-)] nLrdkj vkSj gFkdjkk fodkl fuxe] vkfn laLFkkvksa dh enn ls<br />
lewgksa ds eky dh fcØh ds fy, mik; djukA<br />
• okf"kZd dk;Z ;<strong>kstuk</strong> (Annual Action Plan) vkSj Hkkoh ;<strong>kstuk</strong> (Perspective Plan)<br />
cukukA<br />
• <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;kas }kjk vPNh vfLr;ksa (Assets) ds fuekZ.k dks lqfuf'pr djukA<br />
• cSadksa ds lkFk feydj vkfLr;ksa dh HkkSfrd tkap (fiQthdy osjhfiQds'ku) djukA<br />
• dtkZ nsus ds ckn <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa ds lkFk lEca/ o rkyesy cuk, j[kuk vkSj NksVs@lw{e<br />
m|eksa (/U/ksa) ds ckjs esa mudk vko';d ekxZn'kZu djukA<br />
• <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa dh izxfr ij yxkrkj ut+j j[kuk rkfd mUgsa mEehn o y{; ds vuqlkj<br />
vkenuh gks ldsA<br />
• dtks± dh olwyh ds fy, cSadksa ds lkFk feydj dksf'k'k djukA<br />
• vuqnku ds vf/xzg.k o mlds cSadksa dh nsunkjh dh olwyh ds fy, izLrkoksa dh tkap<br />
djukA<br />
23
• ftyk vkSj [k.M Lrj dh <strong>Lo</strong>.<strong>kZt</strong>;<strong>arh</strong> <strong>xzke</strong> <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkj ;<strong>kstuk</strong> lfefr;ksa dh cSBdksa dk<br />
fu;fer :i ls vk;kstu lqfuf'pr djukA<br />
• bl ;<strong>kstuk</strong> esa izf'k{k.k rFkk {kerk fodkl] vk/kjHkwr vfHkeq[khdj.k (Basic<br />
Orientation)] m|e'khyrk fodkl (Entrepreneurial Development) rFkk vkfFkZd<br />
dk;Zdykiksa (Economic Activities) ds fy, leqfpr [kpZ dh vuqefr gSA<br />
Mh-vkj-Mh-,- ds vf/dkjh viuh ;g Hkwfedk,a rHkh lgh
<strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa dks pquus ds fy, ch-Mh-ih-vks- vkSj ljiap ds lkFk tkdj <strong>xzke</strong> lHkkvksa esa Hkkx<br />
ysukA<br />
lewgksa ds oxhZdj.k (xzsfMax) ds dke esa Hkkx ysukA<br />
<strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa dh dk;Z&dq'kyrk rFkk izkstsDV fjiksVZ esa bdkbZ ykxr rFkk lq>k, x, m|eksa dh<br />
ykxr ds vuqeku vkfn dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, mu ds ½.k dh t:jr dk fglkc yxkukA<br />
izLrko izkIr gksus 15 fnu ds Hkhrj] fdUrq gj gky esa ,d eghus dh v<strong>of</strong>/ esa] ½.k eatwj<br />
djukA<br />
<strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa dks <strong>Lo</strong>hd`r ½.k fgLlksa esa u nsdj leqfpr ek=kk esa ,d ckj nsuk rkfd mUgsa<br />
dqy ykxr ds fy, i;kZIr iwath fey ldsA<br />
dt+Z nsus ls igys mudh rduhdh vkSj izca/ djus dh vko';d U;wure dq'kyrk lqfuf'pr<br />
djukA<br />
izf'k{k.k dk;ZØeksa esa izca/u dq'kyrk iznku djus ds fy, fo'ks"kK (Resource Person) dh<br />
Hkwfedk fuHkkukA<br />
<strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa@lewgksa dks ;<strong>kstuk</strong> ds v/hu feyus okyh iSls dh lgk;rk ds fu;eksa o 'krks±<br />
rFkk dt+Z dh tYnh vnk;xh ls fey ldus okys izksRlkgu (incentive) dh tkudkjh nsus<br />
ds fy, muds izf'k{k.k dk;ZØeksa esa lfØ; Hkkx ysukA<br />
fjt+oZ cSad vkSj ukckMZ }kjk le;≤ ij fu/kkZfjr C;kt njksa] ½.kksa dh v<strong>of</strong>/] udn ,oa<br />
pj.kokj laforj.k] tekur lEca/h ekun.Mksa] vkfn ds ckjs esa le;≤ ij fn, x,<br />
fn'kk&funsZ'kksa dk ikyu djukA<br />
Mh-vkj-Mh-,- ds lkFk feydj <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa dh vkfLr;ksa (Assets) dh HkkSfrd tkap rkfd<br />
os vPNh vkfLr;ka cuk ldaasA<br />
mu dh vkfLr;ksa ds vadu (mu ij fu'kku yxkus) dk dkeA<br />
mUgsa vius dkedkt ds foLrkj ds fy, t:jr ds vuqlkj le;≤ ij ½.k nsukA<br />
vUr esa fn, tkus okys vuqnku (back-ended subsidy) dk mfpr fjdkMZ j[kukA<br />
mu dh ikl&cqd tkjh djuk ftlesa lHkh t:jh C;kSjk gksA<br />
dt+Z okilh ds fy, le; dk fu/kZj.k okLrfod gkykr dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, ,sls
cSad okyksa dks lIrkg dk ,d fnu <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa dh bdkb;ksa dks ns[kus&tkapus ds fy, vkSj<br />
mlds ckn dh dk;Zokgh djus ds fy, j[kuk pkfg,A<br />
dt+Z dh olwyh dks lqfu'fpr djus ds fy, lHkh mik;ksa dks izkFkfedrk nh tkuh pkfg, vkSj<br />
gj eghus pwddrkZvksa dh lwph Cykd vkSj ftyk Lrjh; desfV;ksa dks Hksth tkuh pkfg, rkfd<br />
os mfpr dk;Zokgh dj ldsaA<br />
dt+Z ls cuh vkfLr;ksa dk i;kZIr chek lqfuf'pr djukA<br />
ches ds nkos le; ij Mkyuk vkSj muds tYn fuiVkjs dk iz;kl djukA<br />
t:jr iM+us ij miHkksx lEcU/h vko';drkvksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, izfr <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkjh 2000<br />
:- rd dtZ nsukA<br />
fu;a=kd dk;kZy;ksa vkSj vU; ,tsafl;ksa dks le; ij izxfr fjiksZV H<strong>kstuk</strong>A<br />
Cykd Lrj dh desVh dh cSBdksa esa Hkkx ysukA<br />
<strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa dh leL;kvksa dks lEcaf/r foHkkxksa@,tsafl;ksa ds lkeus j[kuk rkfd mudk 'khkz<br />
o lgh lek/ku gks ldsA<br />
muds lkFk yxkrkj laidZ j[kuk vkSj mudk NksVs dke&/U/ksa ds p;u o lapkyu ds ckjs esa<br />
t:jh ekxZn'kZu nsukA<br />
;g dk;ZØe eq[;r% ½.k ls lEcaf/r gS] blfy, bldh liQyrk cgqr gn rd cSadksa ds<br />
vf/dkfj;ksa vkSj deZpkfj;ksa ds i;kZIr o izHkkoh ;ksxnku ij fuHkZj djrh gSA os bl dk;Z<br />
dks rHkh lgh
<strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkj dks cukA<br />
xfrf<strong>of</strong>/ ladqy (cluster) vkSj izeq[k xfrf<strong>of</strong>/;ksa dh igpku djus vkSj mudh izkstsDV<br />
fjiksZV cukus es Mh-vkj-Mh-,- ds lkFk fey dj dke djukA<br />
cSad }kjk dtkZ eatwj gksus ds ckn <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa dk rduhdh ekxZn'kZu djuk vkSj mUgsa<br />
izf'k{k.k nsukA bl dk;Z ds fy, lEcaf/r foHkkx mfpr izf'k{k.k laLFkku dh igpku djus esa<br />
Mh-vkj-Mh-,- dh lgk;rk djsaxsA<br />
ykbZu foHkkxksa ds vf/dkjh vkSj deZpkjh viuh ;s Hkwfedk,a rHkh lgh o izHkkoh
• Mh-vkj-Mh-,- }kjk pkgs tkus ij <strong>Lo</strong>;a lgk;rk lewgksa dh xzsfMax ds dke esa Hkkx ysukA<br />
• xfrf<strong>of</strong>/ {ks=kksa (activity clusters) vkSj eq[; xfrf<strong>of</strong>/;ksa dh igpku esa Mh-vkj-Mh-,- vkSj<br />
cSadksa dh lgk;rk djuk rFkk <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa ls fujarj lEidZ }kjk vk/kjHkwr
iapk;r lfefr dks ,l-th-,l-okbZ- ykxw djus esa nh xbZ Hkwfedk<br />
[k.M {ks=k ds fy, 8&10 izeq[k xfrf<strong>of</strong>/k;ksa dh igpkuA<br />
dk;ZØeksa dks ykxw djus] fo'ks"k rkSj ij olwfy;ksa ds ckjs esa] Cykd Lrjh; ,l-th-,l-okbZdesVh<br />
dks ekfld fjiksZV H<strong>kstuk</strong>A<br />
ftyk ifj"kn dks bl ;<strong>kstuk</strong> ds ykxw djus esa gfj;k.kk esa dksbZ Li"V Hkwfedk ugha nh xbZ<br />
gSA fdUrq tks Hkwfedk Cykd Lrj ij iapk;r lfefr dh gS ogh Hkwfedk ftyk Lrj ij<br />
ftyk ifj"kn dh gksuh pkfg,A<br />
;g dguk xyr u gksxk fd gfj;k.kk esa <strong>Lo</strong>;a lgk;rk lewgksa dk xBu ,d vkUnksyu dk<br />
:i blfy, /kj.k ugh dj ik;k D;ksafd ;gka iapk;rh jkt laLFkkvksa dh T;knk :fp<br />
lkekftd fodkl] vkfFkZd U;k; rFkk vkfFkZd fodkl ls lEcaf/r fo"k;ksa dh ctk,<br />
xyh&ukyh cuokus esa vf/d jgh gSA nwljh vksj] ,l-th-,l-okbZ- ds vU; lgHkkxh Hkh<br />
f<strong>of</strong>HkUu dkj.kksa ls iapk;rksa dks lkFk ysdj pyus esa ladksp djrs jgs gSaA<br />
rduhdh laLFkkvksa dh Hkwfedk<br />
,l-th-,l-okbZ] dks liQy cukus ds fy, ;g t:jh gS fd <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa dh {kerkvksa dk<br />
fodkl fd;k tk;sA blfy,] gj ftys esa fo|eku bathfu;fjax dkystksa] iksfyVsduhdksa] d`f"k<br />
foKku dsUæksa] 'kks/ laLFkkuksa vkSj izf'k{k.k laLFkkvksa dks bl ;<strong>kstuk</strong> esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk nh xbZ<br />
gSA buesa fuEufyf[kr vf/d egRoiw.kZ gSa %<br />
‣ f<strong>of</strong>HkUu xfrf<strong>of</strong>/;ksa ds fy, vko';d <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa dh dq'kyrk ds fodkl rFkk<br />
rduhdksa dks fodflr djus vkSj mudk Lrj maQpk djus ds fy, mfpr izf'k{k.k dk;ZØe<br />
rS;kj djukA<br />
‣ igpku dh xbZ xfrf<strong>of</strong>/;ksa ls mRikfnr oLrqvksa o lsokvksa dh xq.koÙkk esa fodkl] mudh<br />
ykxr esa fdiQk;r rFkk <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa ds Je dh dfBukb;ksa dks de djus ds fy,<br />
rduhdh mik;ksa dh [kkstA<br />
‣ ;g è;ku esa j[kuk fd <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa dks dsoy ,slh izkS|ksfxdh dk pquko djuk gS<br />
ftlds fy, lEcaf/r {ks=k esa cqfu;knh lsok,a o cktkj dkiQh ek=kk esa ekStwn gksaA<br />
‣ bdkb;ksa ds dk;Z dh xq.koÙkk dh ns[k&js[k A<br />
29
lk{kj efgyk lewg (SMS) ,d ubZ 'kq:vkr<br />
efgykvksa ,oa cPpksa ds fodkl ds fy, vusdksa ;<strong>kstuk</strong>,a pykbZ tk jgh gSaA bu ;<strong>kstuk</strong>vksa dk<br />
lEcfU/r oxZ rd ykHk igqapkus ,oa izpkj&izlkj ds fy, dqN O;fDr;ksa dks izf'k{k.k iznku fd;k tkrk<br />
gSA ijUrq ,slh jk; gS fd lhfer yksxksa dks fn;k x;k ;g izf'k{k.k visf{kr ifj.kke izkIr ugha dj<br />
ik;kA bu yksxksa vkSj efgykvksa ds eè; ,d nwjh eglwl dh tkrh jgh gSA mijksDr leL;k dks ljdkj<br />
us xaHkhjrk ls fy;k vkSj blds lek/ku ds fy, ^lk{kj efgyk lewg* laxBuksa ds fuek.kZ dk fu.kZ;<br />
fy;k x;k gSA buds vUrxZr xkao dh gh i
vko';drk<br />
vè;k;&6<br />
leUo; o vuqizorZu (ekfuVfjax)<br />
‣ ;<strong>kstuk</strong>vksa dh liQyrkiwoZd] izHkkoh ,oa lqpk: dk;kZUo;u ds fy, lHkh lgHkkxh ,tsafl;ksa esa<br />
kfu"B lEcU/ o leUo; gksuk vko';d gSA blh izdkj ;<strong>kstuk</strong> ds fØ;kUo;u ds lHkh<br />
igyqvksa dk f<strong>of</strong>HkUu Lrjksa ij le;≤ ij leh{kk o vuqizorZu (ekfuVfjax) Hkh vko';d<br />
gSA ;<strong>kstuk</strong> esa bu nksuksa ds fy, t:jh fn'kk&funsZ'k fn, x, gSa o lfefr;ksa eapksa dk leqfpr<br />
izko/ku fd;k x;k gSA<br />
leUo; izfØ;k<br />
‣ ftyk <strong>xzke</strong>h.k fodkl ,tsalh <strong>Lo</strong>.<strong>kZt</strong>;<strong>arh</strong> <strong>xzke</strong> <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkj ;<strong>kstuk</strong> dk dk;kZUo;u iapk;rh jkt<br />
laLFkkvksa] cSadksa] lEc¼ foHkkxksa] chek laLFkkvksa o xSj&ljdkjh laxBuksa dh lfØ; Hkkxhnkjh ls<br />
djrh gSA blfy, <strong>Lo</strong>.<strong>kZt</strong>;<strong>arh</strong> <strong>xzke</strong> <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkj ;<strong>kstuk</strong> dh liQyrk ds fy, vko';d gS fd<br />
bu f<strong>of</strong>HkUu lgHkkxh laLFkkvksa dh lfØ; lgHkkfxrk o buesa izHkkoh leUo; gksA ,l- th-<br />
,l- okbZ- ds leUo; dh ftEesnkjh ftyk <strong>xzke</strong>h.k fodkl ,taslh dh gSA<br />
‣ ,l- th- ,l- okbZ- ds vUrZxr lHkh lgHkkfx;ksa esa izHkkoh leUo; lqfuf'pr djus ds fy,<br />
f<strong>of</strong>HkUu Lrj ij f<strong>of</strong>HkUu lfefr;ksa dk xBu fd;k x;k gS<br />
vuqizorZu (eksuhVfjax)<br />
cSad dk dk;Z ½.k ds aforj.k ds lkFk lekIr ugha gks tkrk fuEufyf[kr izeq[k mís';ksa dks izkIr<br />
djus ds fy, cSadj }kjk <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa dh ifjlEifÙk;ksa dh izxfr dh fujarj eksuhVfjax djuk<br />
mruk gh t:jh gS %<br />
;g tkuus ds fy, fd D;k foÙkh; lgk;rk ls [kjhnh ifjlEifÙk;ka Bhd gSaA vkSj budk<br />
j[k&j[kko mfpr izdkj ls fd;k tk jgk gSA<br />
;g tkuus ds fy, fd D;k <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa dks vuqekfur vk; gks jgh gSA<br />
bdkbZ dks liQyrk ls pykus ds fy, <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa dh leL;kvksa] ;fn dksbZ gksa] dks nwj djuk A<br />
C;kt] ewy/u vkfn dh le; ij pqdkSrh lqfuf'pr djuk] ftlls bdkbZ;ksa laforfjr ½.k cSad<br />
dh xSj&vtZd ifjlEifr;ksa (Non-Performing Assets) esa u cny tk,A<br />
31
eksuhVfjax dkSu djrk gS\<br />
ftyk o [k.M Lrj ds vf/dkfj;ksa dks Hkh dk;ZØe dh ekuhVfjax djuh pkfg,A vius fujh{k.k<br />
esa vf/dkjh ifjlEifÙk;ksa ds lR;kiu ds lkFk&lkFk vk;&l`tu dh n`f"V ls Hkh <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa dh<br />
fLFkfr dk fufj{k.k djsaA ;|fi ½.kksa ds vuqizorZu ds fy, ftyk <strong>xzke</strong>h.k fodkl ,tsalh@[kaM<br />
fodkl o iapk;r vf/dkjh rFkk cSad la;qDr :i ls mÙkjnk;h gSa] fiQj Hkh cSadj dks vius fgr<br />
esa ½.k [kkrksa dk lko/kuh ls vuqizorZu djuk pkfg, pwafd mudk viuk iSlk blesa 'kkfey gksrk<br />
gSA<br />
eksuhVfjax dSls dh tk,\<br />
bdkb;ksa dk fu;fer nkSjk dj ½.kksa dh eksuhVfjax dh tkuh pkfg,A bl izdkj ds nkSjksa dh<br />
le;&lwfp iwoZ&fu/kZfjr gks vkSj mldk dM+kbZ ls ikyu gksA<br />
<strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa dks iklcqd {ks=kh; Hkk"kk esa miyC/@tkjh dh tk, ftlesa mUgsa fn, x, ½.kksa dk<br />
iwjk C;kSjk gksuk pkfg,A cSadksa dks iklcqd dh lHkh enksa dh fu;fer :i ls izf<strong>of</strong>"V djuh<br />
pkfg,A<br />
nkSjk djus okys vf/dkfj;ksa dh fVIi.kh izR;sd <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkjh@<strong>Lo</strong>;a lgk;rk lewg dks nh xbZ fodkl<br />
if=kdk esa fy[kh tkuh pkfg,A ifj;<strong>kstuk</strong> dh izxfr dk mYys[k fodkl if=kdk dh nks izfr;ksa esa<br />
fu;fer :i ls djuk pkfg,A bldh ,d izfr <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkjh dks nh tkuh pkfg, vkSj nwljh [kaM<br />
eq[;ky; esa j[kh tkuh pkfg,A<br />
fu;fer :i ls vuqorhZ nkSjs (follow-up visits) vkSj vuqizorZu (monitoring) ds lkFk&lkFk<br />
izR;sd o"kZ dh lekfIr ds ckn lqfuf'pr :i ls vkfLr;ksa dh HkkSfrd tk¡p djuh pkfg,A<br />
[k.M@ftyk <strong>xzke</strong>h.k fodkl ,tsalh ds Lrj ij ifjek.kkRed@xq.kkRed eksuhVfjax<br />
dk;ZØe dks izHkkoh
• ifj;<strong>kstuk</strong> vf/dkjh ,oa ifj;<strong>kstuk</strong> vFkZ'kkL=kh izfrekg 40<br />
• miftykf/dkjh izfrekg 20<br />
• ch- Mh- ih- vks- izfrekg 20<br />
• mi&[k.M vf/dkjh izfrekg 20<br />
• mijksDr fujh{k.k ds vk/kj ij MhvkjMh, foLr`r fjiksZV rS;kj djsxh] bu ij cgl djsxh<br />
vkSj vko';d gqvk rks mfpr dk;Zokgh djssxhA fy, x, fu.kZ;ks± o eqn~nksa ij foLr`r<br />
fjiksZV jkT; ljdkj dks HkstsxhA jkT; Lrj dh lfefr esa MhvkjMh, }kjk izsf"kr fjiksZVksa ij<br />
ppkZ o leh{kk gksxhA<br />
• ekfld izxfr fjiksVZ % bl izdkj Hkstsa fd izR;sd vkus okys eghus dh 20 rkjh[k rd<br />
igq¡p tk,A<br />
• okf"kZd izxfr fjiksVZ % eghuss dh 20 rkjh[k rd igq¡p tk, A ekpZ dh ekfld fjiksVZ<br />
o"kZ dh okf"kZd fjiksVZ ekuh tk,xhA<br />
bu fjiksZVksa esa fuEu ckrksa ij izdk'k Mkyuk pkfg, %<br />
• HkkSfrd o foÙkh; izxfr<br />
• f<strong>of</strong>HkUu xfrf<strong>of</strong>/;ksa ds fy, lqfo/kvksa dks miyC/ djuk o budk mi;ksx djuk<br />
• dk;kZUo;u ij lq>koksa lfgr lkekU; fVIi.kh] ;fn dksbZ gks<br />
ewY;kadu<br />
dk;ZØe ds dk;kZUo;u ij le;≤ ij ewY;kadu vk;ksftr djsA ewY;kadu dk C;kSjk vU;<br />
izfr"Br laLFkkvksa o laxBuksa dks Hkh fn;k tk ldrk gS rkfd fu;fer :i ls (leorhZ ewY;kadu)<br />
fd;s tk ldsA<br />
bu ewY;kadu&vè;;uksa ls mHkjs eqn~nksa dk xgjk vè;;u djds dk;ZØe dks vf/d izHkkoh :i<br />
ls pykus ds fy, ldkjkRed dk;Zokgh gksA<br />
33
fu"d"kZ<br />
mijksDr izlax esa ;g è;ku j[kuk t:jh gS fd vkus okys le; esa ,l-th-,l-okbZ- dk egÙo<br />
blfy, c
vè;k;&7<br />
xjhch gVkus ds 7 dne<br />
jktho xka/h efgyk fodkl ifj;<strong>kstuk</strong> dk eq[; y{; gS] xjhch gVkukA bl eafty rd<br />
igqapus ds fy, gesa lkr lhf
xkao ds yksxksa }kjk xjhcksa dh igpku djuk T;knk (vPNk) egRoiw.kZ gSA ;g dk;Z vPNh<br />
rjg ls djus ds fy, <strong>xzke</strong> laxBu ds ikl {kerk gksuh pkfg,A bl fo"k; esa ifj;<strong>kstuk</strong> esa dbZ<br />
lg;ksxh gSaA<br />
(d) <strong>xzke</strong> ds yksx<br />
([k) ifj;<strong>kstuk</strong> vf/dkjh] ,suhesVj] lh-oh-] lh-vkj-ih-] lewg l[kh<br />
bu lHkh lg;ksfx;ksa dk y{; ij è;ku vkSj Li"Vrk gksuk pkfg,] blfy, bu lHkh lg;ksfx;ksa dks<br />
xjhcksa dh tkudkjh gksuh pkfg,A vxj ;s yksx xjhcksa dh igpku ugha dj ikrs gSa] rks D;k gksxk]<br />
bldks ,d dgkuh ds ekè;e ls crkmQaaxkA<br />
xjhcksa dks laxfBr djuk<br />
izd`fr esa cgqr ls tho ,d lkFk jgrs gSa] D;ksfd ,drk esa etcwrh gSA fpfM;ka ,d lkFk<br />
mM+rh gSa] eNfy;ka ,d lkFk rSjrh gSa] HksM+ ,d lkFk pyrh gS] e/qefD[;ka ,d lkFk yM+rh gSa vkSj<br />
fpfV;ka ,d lkFk dke djrh gSaA vxj euq";ksa dh ckr djrs gSa rks vyx&vyx rjg ds yksxksa dh<br />
vyx&vyx laLFkk,a gSaA mnkgj.k ds y, MkDVj ds ckjs esa MkDVj ;wfu;u gSA odhyksa ds ckjs es<br />
odhy ;wfu;uA<br />
,d MkDVj ds lkFk vU;k; gksus ij MkDVjksa dk laxBu vU;k; ds f[kykiQ vkokt mBkrk gSA<br />
,d odhy ds lkFk vU;k; gksus ij Hkh odhy laxBu vkokt mBkrk gSA ,d dkSos ds Hkh ejus ij<br />
gtkjksa dkSos dkao&dkao djrs gq, bdV~Bk gks tkrs gSaA ysfdu ,d xjhc ij vU;k; gksus ij dksbZ Hkh<br />
lkeus vkdj enn ugha djrk gSa] D;ksafd xjhcksa dk dksbZ laxBu ugha gSA mudh vkokt lquus ds fy,<br />
dksbZ eap ugha gSA xkao esa xjhc yksx vdsys&vdsys thou O;orhr djrs gSa] os ,d nwljs dh<br />
leL;kvksa dks u rks le>rs gSa vkSj u gh vkils ckaVrs gSaA xjhcksa esa ,drk dh deh] lewg xjhcksa esa<br />
,drk yksus ds fy, dksf'k'k djrh gSa] xjhcksa dh vkokt lwuus ds fy, eap cukus esa enn nsrh gSA<br />
ifj;<strong>kstuk</strong> xjhcksa dks <strong>Lo</strong>;a lgk;rk lewg ds ekè;e ls laxfBr dj jgh gSA<br />
ifj;<strong>kstuk</strong> ,d <strong>xzke</strong> ds lHkh lewgksa dks feykdj <strong>xzke</strong> laxBu cuk jgh gSA lHkh <strong>xzke</strong> laxBuksa<br />
dks feykdj Cykd esa Cykd laxBu cuk jgh gSA ;s <strong>Lo</strong>;a lgk;rk lewg] <strong>xzke</strong> laxBu vkSj Cykd<br />
laxBu D;k gSaA ;s lc xjhcksa ds laxBu gSaA ;g xjhcksa dh leL;kvksa dh igpku djus ds fy,] ppkZ<br />
djus ds fy, vkSj mUgsa gy djus ds fy, eap gSA<br />
36
ifj;<strong>kstuk</strong> dh lgk;rk ls ,uhesVj] lh-vkj-ih-] lewg l[kh] lh-oh- xjhcksa dks laxfBr djuk<br />
pkfg,A ge bl laxBu dh rqyuk ,d kj ls dj ldrs gSaA <strong>Lo</strong>;a lgk;rk lewg kj ds uhao dh rjg<br />
gSA <strong>xzke</strong> laxBu kj dh nhokj tSlk gSA vxj nhokjsa etcwr ugha gksaxh rks Nr fxj tk,xhA vxj <strong>xzke</strong><br />
laxBu etcwr ugha gksxk rks Cykd laxBu detksj gks tk;sxkA ,d Cyk laxBu esa yxHkx 500 (ikap<br />
lkS) <strong>Lo</strong>;a lgk;rk lewg gSa vkSj blds ekè;e ls 7000 ls 8000 xjhc ifjokj ,d eap ij vk;saxsA<br />
jktho xka/h efgyk fodkl ifj;<strong>kstuk</strong> us vc rd 16000 gtkj <strong>Lo</strong>;a lgk;rk lewgksa ds ekè;e ls<br />
yxHkx ,d yk[k vLlh gtkj xjhc efgykvksa dks ,d eap ij ysdj vk;h gSaA <strong>Lo</strong>;a lgk;rk lewg<br />
dks ekg esa pkj cSBdksa ds ekè;e ls efgyk;sa viuh leL;kvksa dh igpku djrh gSa] mu ij ppkZ<br />
djrh gSa vkSj mldk lek/ku
xjhcksa dh {kerk dks ckgj ykus ds fy, okrkoj.k fuekZ.k djuk<br />
;g lekt xjhcksa dks cks> le>rk gSA xjhcksa ds vUnj cgqr dkS'ky vkSj 'kfDr gSA jktho<br />
xka/h efgyk fodkl ifj;<strong>kstuk</strong> lewg] laxBu ds ekè;e ls xhjcksa dh 'kfDr dks ckgj ykus dh<br />
dksf'k'k dj jgh gSA jktho xka/h efgyk fodkl ifj;<strong>kstuk</strong> fo'okl djrh gS fd%<br />
1- xjhcksa ds ikl Kku] tkudkjh gS<br />
2- xjhcksa ds ikl vuqHko gS<br />
3- xjhc lksp djrs gSa<br />
4- [kqn iz.kkfy;ka cuk ldrs gSa<br />
5- <strong>Lo</strong>;a fu.kZ; ys ldrs gSa<br />
6- ,d lkFk feydj xjhch gVk ldrs gSa<br />
7- og tkurs gSa fd D;k djuk gS<br />
;g jktho xka/h efgyk fodkl ifj;<strong>kstuk</strong> dk fo'okl gSA xjhcksa ds lkFk dke djus okys lc yksxksa<br />
dks ;g fo'okl gksuk pkfg,] ;s gS ldkjkRed lksp] nqHkkZX;o'k dbZ yksxksa dh udkjkRed lksp gS]<br />
og lksprs gSaA<br />
1- xjhc yksx vf'kf{kr gSa blfy, vKkuh gSa<br />
2- muds ikl vuqHko ugha gS<br />
3- os ugha tkurh fd mUgsa D;k pkfg,<br />
4- gesa crkuk gS fd mUgsa D;k djuk pkfg, vkSj D;k ugha djuk pkfg,<br />
xjhcksa ds pkjksa rjiQ udkjkRed lkspus okys T;knk yksx gksaxs rks mudh {kerk dks ckgj ykuk<br />
eqf'dy gSA jktho xka/h efgyk fodkl ifj;<strong>kstuk</strong> xjhcksa ds ckjs esa ldkjkRed lksp okys yksxksa dh<br />
la[;k c
eqj>k x;kA blh izdkj lcds vUnj 'kfDr gS] {kerk gS mls ckgj vkus ds fy, ekSdk nsuk pkfg,]<br />
vPNk okrkoj.k feyuk pkfg,A xjhcksa dh {kerk ckgj ykus ds fy, mudks le>kus okyh] izsj.kk nsus<br />
okyh] jkLrk fn[kkus okyh] ldkjkRed lkspus okyh dh la[;k c
ds njokts [kqys gSaA ftlesa xjhc yksx ns[k ldsa vkSj lh[k ldsaA bu lHkh izfØ;kvksa }kjk<br />
xjhcksa esa fuEufyf[kr {kerk c
4- cSad vf/dkjh dks lewg dh cSBd esa cqykdj lewg dh vPNh izfØ;k dks fn[kkdj<br />
muds eu esa fo'okl iSnk djds fd lewg esa ½.k ysu&nsu dh {kerk gS] rc iwath izkIr<br />
djrs gSaA<br />
5- lw{e ½.k ;<strong>kstuk</strong> cukus esa lewg dh enn djdsA<br />
6- ,suhesVj] lh-vkj-ih-] lh-oh-] iQhYM vkfiQlj dh enn ls cSad dh ysu&nsu dh izfØ;k<br />
dks xjhc yksxksa dks fl[kkdjA<br />
7- <strong>xzke</strong> laxBu vkSj Cykd laxBu xjhcksa dks laxBu gS] ;g laxBu xjhcksa dks iwath izkIr<br />
djkus esa enn djrk gSA<br />
xjhcksa dks mfpr vkthfodk p;u ds ckjs esa tkudkjh nsuk<br />
dgkuh&vukt dh cksjh<br />
,d xkao esa ,d ifjokj Fkk ftlesa firk vkSj mlds rhu iq=k Fks ,d fnu firk us vius rhuksa<br />
iq=kksa dks cqyk;k vkSj dgk fd eSa rhFkZ ij tk jgk gwa vkSj esa ,d o"kZ ckn okil vkmQaxkA rqe yksx<br />
kj dh ns[k&Hkky djuk] esjs ikl rhu cksjh /ku gSA blesa ls ,d&,d cksjh rqEgkjh ftEesnkjh gSA<br />
bldh lqj{kk djuk rqEgkjk dke gSA tc eSa okfil vkmQaxk rc eq>s /ku dh cksjh okil djukA rhuksa<br />
yM+dksa us flj fgykdj <strong>Lo</strong>hd`rh nhA fdlku us rhuksa yM+dksa dks ,d&,d cksjh /ku fn;k vkSj rhFkZ<br />
;k=kk ij pyk x;kA<br />
igyk yM+dk xSj ftEesnkj] fiQtwy[kphZ vkSj isVw FkkA mlus lkspk esjs firkth cw
hljk yM+dk le>nkj Fkk mlus cjlkr ds fnuksa esa /ku ds cht dks cks fn;k] 6 ekg dh<br />
iQly ds ckn 100 cksjs /ku izkIr gq,A vxys 6 ekg ds fy, iqu% cks fn;kA tc ,d o"kZ ckn<br />
mlds firk ykSVs rks kj /ku dh cksj;ksa ls Hkjk FkkA vc lkspks ds dkSu ls yM+ds dks ifjokj dk<br />
usr`Ro feysxkA fuf'pr :i ls rhljs yM+ds dks feysxkA<br />
nwljk mnkgj.k<br />
,d O;fDr jsMhesM diM+s cukus esa iw.kZr% n{k gSA ysfdu mlds pkjksa rjiQ cktkj ugha gS fd<br />
mls csp ldsA D;k diM+s mlds fy, mfpr vkthfodk dgsaxsA ugha D;ksafd dksbZ vkenuh ugha<br />
vk;sxhA<br />
,d O;fDr us csdjh 'kq: fd;k ysfdu og mlds ckjs esa dqN ugha tkurk Fkk D;k vki mls<br />
mfpr vkthfodk dgsaxs] ugha D;ksafd ekfyd deZpkjh ij fuHkZj gS] ogka ij /ks[kk [kkus dh laHkkouk<br />
gSA og O;kikj ges'kk /ks[kk nsrk gS tks deZpkjh ij fuHkZj djrk gSA<br />
ifj;<strong>kstuk</strong> esa mfpr vkthfodk p;u ds fy, lnL;ksa dks <strong>Lo</strong>ra=krk gSA lnL; viuh ;<strong>kstuk</strong><br />
[kqn cukrs gSa fd mUgsa D;k djuk gSA bl ckjs esa ifj;<strong>kstuk</strong> rjg&rjg dh vkthfodk ij izf'k{k.k Hkh<br />
nsrh gSA ijUrq vkthfodk dk p;u lnL; dks gh djuk gSA<br />
lkekftd leL;kvksa dks gy djus dh {kerk dk fodkl djuk<br />
xjhcksa dk fodkl fliQZ iSlksa ls ugha gks ldrk gS] blds fy, mUgsa lewg ,oa <strong>xzke</strong> laxBu ds<br />
ekè;e ls lkekftd leL;kvksa dks nwj djuk pkfg, tSls] tkr&ikr] HksnHkko] yM+dk&yM+dh]<br />
map&uhp] ;g lc tc rd [kRe ugha gksxk] xjhcksa dh mUufr ugha gks ldrhA lkFk gh dqN cqjh<br />
vknrsa tSls&u'kk[kksjh] efgykvksa dks 'kks"k.k] cky&fookg] cky etnwjh tSlh cqjkbZ;ka Hkh lekt ls nwj<br />
gksuh pkfg,aA<br />
xjhcksa ds pkjksa rjiQ lqj{kk pØ dk fuekZ.k djuk<br />
lewg ls tqM+us ls lnL;ksa dks lqj{kk Hkh feyrh gSA ;g lqj{kk dop lnL;ksa ds pkjksa rjiQ<br />
gksuk vfr vko';d gSA ;fn lqj{kk dop ugha gksxk rks xjhc fdlh Hkh vkdfLed nqkZVuk ds dkj.k<br />
og fiQj ls mlh fLFkfr esa igqap ldrs gSaA lqj{kk dop ls eryc&ekuo ,oa laifÙk chek vo';<br />
djuk pkfg,A<br />
42
vè;k;&8<br />
,l- th- ,l- okbZ- ij jk"Vªh; vè;;u% ,d izfØ;kRed vè;;u<br />
dk;Z lkjka'k<br />
1 vizSy 1999 dks lEiw.kZ jk"Vª esa <strong>Lo</strong>.kZ t;<strong>arh</strong> <strong>xzke</strong> <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkj ;<strong>kstuk</strong> <strong>xzke</strong>h.k fu/Zuksa dks lrr<br />
<strong>Lo</strong> jkstxkj ekxZ miyC/ djkus ds fy, vkjEHk dh xbZA dk;ZØ dk mís'; lgk;rk izkIr fu/Zu<br />
ifjokj (<strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkjh) dks ,l-,p-th- esa laxfBr djds rFkk rduhdh] ewy vkSj m|e'khy dkS'ky ds<br />
lanHkZ esa {kerk dks c
lFk lkekU;rkSj ij gksrk gS lEiw.kZ jk"Vª esa ,l th ,l okbZ dk dk;Z fu"iknu leku ugha gSA tcfd<br />
dqN jkT;ksa esa ;g dk;ZØe dk;Z dk fodkl] mfpr izkS|ksfxdh lgk;rk ds }kjk <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa dk<br />
mRiknu i;kZIr laLFkkxr ½.k rFkk ykHkkFkhZ esa cktkj vkSj m|e'khy fo'okl txkus ds lEcU/ esa<br />
/hjs&/hjs izxfr dj jgk gSA vU; jkT;ksa esa bls vHkh viuk LFkku ysuk gSA blds vykok] ftys esa<br />
fHkUurk ikbZ tkrh gSA dqy ftyksa@[k.M+ksa esa dk;ZØe ekxZfunsZf'kdk vkSj ladYiuk dks iw.kZ :i ls<br />
le>k tkuk gS dqN ftyksa esa ih vkbZ , LFkkuh; lalk/u vkSj dk;ZØe fuf/ iz'kklfud ykspuh;rk<br />
rFkk <strong>Lo</strong>&jkstxkj ekxZ [kksyus ds fy, dk;ZØe ds rgr miyC/ uhou dk;ks± ds foLrkj dk mi;ksx<br />
djrs gSaA mudh liQyrk ls nwljksa dks izsj.kk feyrh gSA ijUrq ,ssls liQy ekeyksa dh la[;k de gSA<br />
bl vlk/kj.k liQyrk dk dkj.k dk;ZØe dk;kZUo;u vf/dkfj;ksa dh lfØ;rk vkSj liQwfrZ rFkk<br />
<strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa dh lfØ; lgHkkfxrk gSA liQyrk vHkh rd laLFkkxr ugha gqbZ gSA<br />
mís';<br />
orZeku vè;;u dk eq[; mís'; dk;kZUo;u izfØ;k esa ;<strong>kstuk</strong> izfØ;k rFkk vojks/ksa dh<br />
f'kuk[r esa foLr`r tkudkjh miyC/ djkuk gSA ;g vè;;u dk;ZØe ds csgrj dk;kZUo;u gsrq dqN<br />
uhfr lEcfU/r lq>ko izLrqr djus dk izLrko djrk gSA fo'ks"k mís'; bl izdkj gSaa%<br />
1- ;g vè;;u djuk fd fdlh lhek rd dk;ZØe ds fu/Zurk js[kk ls uhps ds ifjokj<br />
fo'ks"k dj vuq- tk- ,oa vuq- tu dh O;ogk;Z lw{e m|e }kjk <strong>Lo</strong>&jkstxkj vkjaHk djus<br />
esa n{krk fuekZ.k esa lgk;rk dj ldrk gSA<br />
2- bl ckr dh tkap djuk fd O;ogk;Z <strong>Lo</strong>&jkstxkj dk;Z ds fodkl esa ^^fØ;kdyki<br />
lewg** dks dSls viuk;k x;kA<br />
3- yf{kr ykHkkfFkZ;ksa ds dkS'ky Lrj esa lq/kj gsrq ,l th ,l okbZ ds rgr mi;ksx dh xbZ<br />
izf'k{k.k fuf/ dh leh{kk vkSj fo'ys"k.k djukA<br />
4- <strong>xzke</strong>h.k vk/kjHkwr lajpuk dks lqn`
7- bldh tkap djuk fd D;k lkekftd laxzg.k dk izHkko ,l th ,l okbZ ykHkkFkhZ ij<br />
gqvk gSA<br />
8- ,l th ,l okbZ ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dks izkS|ksfxdh lgk;rk nsus esa vojks/ksa dh f'kuk[r djukA<br />
9- ,l th ,l okbZ ykHkkfFkZ;ksa esa jkstxkj vkSj vk; Lrj dk ewY;kadu djukA<br />
fØ;kf<strong>of</strong>/ vkSj lSaiy<br />
gkyka ;g dk;ZØe vkSipkfjd :i ls vizSy] 1999 esa vkjaHk fd;k x;k] ijUrq 2000 ls<br />
2002 ds eè; ;g f<strong>of</strong>HkUu jkT;ksa esa f<strong>of</strong>HkUu le; vkjaHk gqvkA vr% gj jkT; esa izxfr dh nj leku<br />
ugha gSA orZeku vè;;u us csgrj dk;Z fu"iknu okys ftys@[kaM ij cy fn;kA pwafd ;g izfØ;k<br />
ewY;kadu@ewY;kadu vè;;u gS] ;g eglwl fd;k x;k fd lSaiy ,l ,p th@ <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkjh dks<br />
ftys@[kaM ls fy;k tk,xk tgka ij dk;ZØe dk ifj.kke csgrj jgk gsA bl n`f"Vdks.k dk egRo ;g<br />
Fkk fd tgka chfr vkSj dk;ZØe lgk;rk izksRlkgd Fkk ogka dk;ZØe ds fy, miyC/ fuf/ dk Lrj<br />
ifj.kke ds vuq:i ugha FkkA vr% lSEiy p;u lkSís'; ugha Fkk rFkk jk"Vª esa dk;ZØe dk izfrfuf/Ro<br />
ugha FkkA vè;;u dk cy bl ij Fkk 1) dk;Z lewg dh f'kuk[r vkSj fodkl 2) <strong>xzke</strong>h.k fu/Zu<br />
fo'ks"kdj vuq- tk- vkSj vuq- tu- tk- ifjokj dk xBu <strong>Lo</strong> lgk;rk lewg esa efgykvksa ij cy rFkk<br />
lq{e m|e }kjk <strong>Lo</strong>&jkstxkj esa mudk {kerk&fuekZ.k 3) <strong>Lo</strong>&jkstxkfj;ksa dks i'p vkSj vxz la;kstu<br />
lgk;rk nsuk rFkk 4) vk/kjHkwr fodkl] ½.k] izkS|ksfxdh foi.ku izko/ku rFkk O;ogk;Z ,oa lrr<br />
lw{ke m|e fuekZ.k ds fy, m|e'khy {kerk lgk;rk }kjk eq[; fØ;kdyki ds :i esa lw{ke m|e<br />
lq>ko dh f'kukpr vkSj fodklA<br />
vr% mijksDr dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, mQijfyf[kr 13 jkT; 24 ftyksa dk p;u lSaiy ds :i<br />
esa fd;k x;k vkU/z izns'k] vle] fcgkj] >kj[kaM] egkjk"Vª] eè; izns'k] mM+hlk] jktLFkku] rfeyukMw]<br />
mÙkj izns'k] if'pe caxky ds nks ftys rFkk fetksje vkSj f=kiqjk ds ,d ftys dk p;u fd;kA<br />
dk;ZØe ds HkkSfrd vkSj foÙkh; dk;Z dh fLFkfr ij ftyk p;u vk/kfjr gSA fuEufyf[kr lkr<br />
fHkUurkvksa ij fopkj vè;;u ds ftyksa ds p;u ds fy, fd;k x;k%<br />
1- ,l th ,l okbZ esa 'kkfey dqy <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkjh esa ls vuq- tk- ,oa vuq- tu tkfr dk<br />
izfr'kr (fu/Zurk lewg rd igqapus ds ekun.M)A<br />
2- ,l th ,l okbZ ds vUrxZr lgk;rk izkIr dqy <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa esa ls lewg <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa<br />
dk izfr'krA<br />
45
3- xzsM&I ikl djus okys ,l ,p th dk izfr'kr<br />
4- vkfFkZd fØ;kdyki vkjaHk djus oys ,l ,p th dk izfr'kr<br />
5- vkcafVr fuf/ dh mi;ksfxrk dk izfr'kr<br />
6- izfr ifjokj fuos'k (vkSlr)<br />
½.k lfClMh vuqikr izR;sd ftys ls rhu dk;Z fu"iknu fHkUurk ds vk/kj ij nks [k.M+ksa dk<br />
p;u fd;k x;k vFkkZr xzsM&II ikl djus okys ,l ,p th dh la[;k] vkfFkZd fØ;kdyki djus<br />
okys ,l ,p th dh la[;k rFkk [kaM esa dk;ZØe ds vUrxZr doj fd, x, vuq- tk- ,o vuq- tu<br />
tkfr ds lnL;A 48 [kaM+ksa esa ls 30 lewg <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkjh vkSj O;fDrxr <strong>Lo</strong>jsktxkfj;ksa dk p;u vkSj<br />
lk{kkRdkj fd;k x;k ([kaM esa lewg <strong>Lo</strong> jkstxkjh ds vuqikr esa O;fDrxr <strong>Lo</strong> jkstxkjh)A ,l ,p th<br />
p;u ds fy, [kaM ds p;u ds fy, 'kkfey Variable dks viuk;k tk,xkA izR;sd ftys esa ls de<br />
ls de nks rFkk vf/d rhu lewg m|eksa dk p;u vkSj lk{kkRdkj fd;k x;kA fuEufyf[kr vk/kj ij<br />
izR;sd [kaM dh rhu <strong>xzke</strong> iapk;rksa dk p;u fd;k x;k% 1) xkao esa <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa dh dqy la[;k esa<br />
ls vuq- tk-@ vuq- tu tkfr <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa dk izfr'kr 2) xkao esa <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa dh dqy la[;k esa ls<br />
,l ,p th ds rgr <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa dh la[;k rFkk 3) vuq- tk- rFkk vuq- tu tkfr ds izfr gtkj<br />
tula[;k esa ,l ,p th vuq tk- @ vuq- tu tkfr dh la[;k <strong>xzke</strong> iapk;r esa ls lk{kkRdkj ds fy,<br />
,l ,p th lewg v|e vkSj O;fDrxr <strong>Lo</strong> jkstxkjh dk p;u fd;k x;kA dk;ZØe dk;kZUo;u esa<br />
fodkl ,tsafl;ksa rFkk cSad dSls Hkkx ys jgs gSa bldks le>us ds fy, ,d chMhihvks ,d vxz.kh<br />
,uthvks rFkk cSad dk ,d izca/d tks 48 [kaM+ksa ds dk;ZØe dk;kZUo;u esa 'kkfey Fks dk lk{kkRdkj<br />
vklku iz'ukoyh dh lgk;rk ls fd;k x;kA dqy feykdj 48 chMhvks] cSad ds 48 'kk[kk izca/d<br />
48 [kaM iapk;r vè;{k 24 ftyk eq[; cSad izca/d] 24 ifj;<strong>kstuk</strong> fuos'kd] ftyk ifj"kn ds<br />
MhvkjMh,] lhbZvks] 24 ftyk ifj"kn vè;{k rFkk 144 ljiapksa dk lk{kkRdkj ,d iz'ukoyh }kjk [kaM<br />
Lrj ij fd;k x;kA ifj;<strong>kstuk</strong> funs'kd] MhvkjMh,@lhbZvks ftyk ifj"kn ds ijke'kZ ls ftyk Lrj ij<br />
[kaM+ksa dk p;u fd;k x;kA mÙkj iwohZ jkT;ksa esa tgka iapk;r iz.kkyh pkyw ugha Fkh ogh tu izfrfuf/;ksa<br />
dk p;u vuqlwph&IV esa izLrqr laoS/kfud iz.kkyh ds vuqikyu ds fy, fd;k x;kA<br />
<strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa dk p;u<br />
vè;;u ds nkSjku <strong>Lo</strong> jkstxkfj;ksa ds p;u ds fy, 1997 chih,y tux.kuk vk/kj jghA tgka<br />
dgha bl MkVkcsl ij iz'u fd, x, ogka iapk;r ;k LFkkuh; leqnk; dh eatwjh@i`"Bkadu ls ihvkbZ,<br />
46
us <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa dh f'kuk[r vkSj p;u ds fy, v|ru lwpuk dk iz;ksx fd;k gkykafd ,lth,lokbZ<br />
ekxZfunsZ'k ds vuqlkj <strong>xzke</strong> lHkk dh mifLFkfr esa <strong>xzke</strong> iapk;r }kjk <strong>Lo</strong>&jkstxkfj;ksa dk p;u gksuk Fkk<br />
ijUrq ny ds }kjk nkSjk fd, x, 29 izfr'kr xkaoksa esa ,slk ugha gks jgk FkkA jkT; esa <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa ds<br />
p;u esa <strong>xzke</strong> iapk;r dh lgHkkfxrk fHkUu fHkUu gSA mÙkj izns'k] fcgkj vkSj eè; izns'k esa ny us<br />
p;u izfØ;k esa <strong>xzke</strong> iapk;r dk iwjk lg;ksx ik;kA vf/drj jkT;ksa esa dk;ZØe dks dk;kZUo;u dj<br />
jgs <strong>xzke</strong>] [kaM vkSj ftyk Lrj ds vf/dkjh fo'ks"kdj os jkT; tgka ,l ,p th dk dk;Z ,l th ,l<br />
okbZ ds lkFk fy;k x;k vFkkZr 1999 ds i'pkr (tSls fcgkj] mÙkj izns'k] >kj[kaM vkSj eè; izns'k)<br />
,l,pth dh lgh la[;k dk irk yxkuk eqf'dy FkkA dqN if'peh vkSj mÙkjh jkT;ksa esa ,l,pth ds<br />
xBu dh izfØ;k 2002 rd /heh FkhA bu jkT;ksa esa 2003 rd la[;k esa o`f¼ ugha gqbZA bu jkT;ksa esa<br />
,l,pth fodkl ds fy, O;olk;h ,uthvks dks ihvkbZ, us 'kkfey ugha fd;kA mUgsa i;kZIr la[;k esa<br />
,l ,p th ugha feys vkSj mUgsa lewg dh f'kuk[r esa xq.kork ds lkFk le>kSrk djuk iM+kA blds<br />
vykok] os ^^y{; dh izkfIr ds nokr esa dk;Z** djrs ik, x,A ftl izdkj ,l ,p th dk fodkl<br />
fd;k x;k rFkk ,lth,lokbZ ds fy, <strong>Lo</strong>jstxkfj;ksa dh f'kuk[r dh xbZ mlls cSad [kq'k ugha FkkA nwljs<br />
'kCnksa esa ^^mrjh jkT;ksa ds vuqd ,l,pth dks lnL;ksa ds cpr ysus nsus dk fglkc j[ksu dh<br />
tkudkjh ugha gSA rFkk fodkl dk;ZØe esa fdl rjg dh lsok ;k ykHk miyC/ gS bldk va'kek=k Hkh<br />
vuqHko ugha FkkA rFkk ;g ek=k y{; iwjk djus ds fy, la[;k ek=k jg x,A vr% mUgsa <strong>Lo</strong>&jkstxkj ds<br />
fy, cSad ½.k ysus dh tkudkjh ugha nhA bu jkT;ksa esa ,lth,lokbZ ds rgr <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa dk p;u<br />
vkbZvkjMhih ds rgr p;fur ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dh ;kn fnykrk gSA<br />
lk{kkfjr 70 izfr'kr ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dk ekuuk gS fd nksuks igyw vFkkZr O;fDrxr vkSj lewg dks<br />
,lth,lokbZ ds vUrxZr [kqyk j[kuk gksxkA ½.k ds iquHkZqxrku esa O;fDrxr igyw ls lewg igyw<br />
csgrj FkkA uSdjks dk ekuuk gS fd lewg lnL; vxj futh fØ;kdyki Hkh djrs gS rks O;fDr ds<br />
cnyw lewg dks foÙk iksf"kr djuk csgrj gksxkA<br />
fuEufyf[kr dkj.kksa ds fy, m|e dks vkxs c
Hkqxrku esa lgk;rk dhA lewg m|e pykus esa izf'k{k.k fuos'k dh vuqifLFkfr esa lnL; ,dy<br />
m|e ds :i esa dk;Z djus esa l{ke ugha FksA<br />
• dHkh dHkkj dqN m|e ftUgsa lewg fØ;kdyki ds ;I esa vkjaHk fd;k x;k fd ,d lnL;<br />
ds m|e esa :ikarfjr fd;k x;kA lnL;ksa us vkil esa gh ,d ;k vf/d lnL;ksa dh f'kuk[r<br />
dh tks cM+h ftEesokjh ds lkFk f<strong>of</strong>'k"V dk;Z dj ldrs gSa vkSj vU; yksx 'kkUr jgsrs gSaA<br />
• lsok Js.kh esa dqN fØ;kdyki dks lewg fØ;kdyki ds :i esa fd;k tkrk gSA blh rjg<br />
dqN O;olk; esa O;fDrxr izca/ liQyrk dh xkjaVh gSA<br />
ykbZu foHkkx dh lgHkkfxrk<br />
lHkh vè;;u {ks=kksa esa ykbZ foHkkxksa dk lg;ksx de ik;k x;kA gkykafd [kaM Lrjh; vf/dkjh<br />
rFkk foLrkj deZpkfj;ksa ds in miyC/ Fks ijarq vf/drj ij fjDr FksA [kaM vf/dkjh cSBd esa<br />
mifLFkr gq, vkSj lgk;rk nsus dk oknk fd;k ijUrq okLro esa vf/d dk;Z ugha fd;k x;kA ftys esa<br />
i'kq ikyu eq[; :i ls cdjh] lqvj ikyu rd lhfer Fkk ;g <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa ds ijEijkxr<br />
fØ;kdyki gSa ftUgksaus ;g ;<strong>kstuk</strong> viukbZA vr% i'kqikyu foHkkx ls vf/d vis{kk ugha dh tk<br />
ldrhA blls lgh ek;us esa <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa dk {kerk fodkl ugha gqvkA<br />
eq[; fØ;kdykiksa dh f'kuk[r<br />
vè;;u ny }kjk [kaM ,lth,lokbZ lfefr ds 90 izfr'kr ls vf/d vè;{kksa ls fy, x,<br />
lk{kkRdkj ls irk pyk fd [kaM esa dksbZ Hkh O;ogk;Z dk;Z dks lgk;rk ekuk x;k vkSj blls eq[;<br />
fØ;kdyki ;k vU; fØ;kdyki esa varj utj ugha vkrkA [kaM ;k MhvkjMh, us Hkh visf{kr<br />
vk/kjHkwr lajpuk dk l`tu ugha fd;k rFkk fØ;kdyki dh o;ogk;Zrk dks lqn`
vf/d laLFkkxr foÙk nsus ds fy, rS;kj ugha FkkA cSad us chih,y ifjokjksa dh ½.k {kerk dks lhfer<br />
ekuk tksfd 20]000&25000 ls ugha gks ldrhA<br />
vè;;u {ks=k esa eq[; fØ;kdyki<br />
lewg <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa esa Ms;jh ,d izpfyr fØ;kdyki ds :i esa mHkjkA dk;ZØe ds rgr 26<br />
izfr'kr O;fDrxr <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkjh rFkk 36 izfr'kr lewg <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa us ;g fØ;kdyki vkjEHk fd;kA<br />
blds i'pkr~ d`f"k] Hkwfe fodkl vkSj lsok {ks=k (10 izfr'kr) vkrs gSaA xSj d`f"k fØ;kdyki tSls<br />
gFkdjkk] gLrf'kYi fodYi esa lcls uhps vkrs gSaA blh rjg] O;kikj vè;;u Hkh cgqr de yksxksa<br />
(2 izfr'kr) }kjk fy, x,A vf/drj lewg <strong>Lo</strong>jstxkjh (68 izfr'kr) us O;fDrxr <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkjh (51<br />
izfr'kr) dh rqyuk esa xSj&d`f"k fØ;kdyki dks pqukA Ms;jh ds vf/d fodYi dk fo'ys"k.k fuEu<br />
gSA<br />
fØ;kdyki lewg<br />
cktkj dh lajpuk vkSj xBu] izfr;ksfxrk dh O;kidrk] vk/kjHkwr lajpuk fodkl dk Lrj]<br />
dPps eky dk forj.k] izks|ksfxdh gLrkarj.k] vxz vkSj i'p la;kstu] lalk/u laxzg.k] tula[;k dh<br />
lkurk lewg ds eq[; fØ;kdyki vkjEHk djus ds egRoiw.kZ dkjd gSaA eq[; fØ;kdyki ds rgr<br />
izfr o"kZ dqN ftyksa dk p;u rFkk iz;kl djuk Fkk rkfd vko';d la;kstu fd;k tk ldsA ijEijkxr<br />
fØ;kdyki ds i'pkr~ <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa }kjk ilan fd;k x;k dk;Z lsok m|e] NksVk O;kikj] lCth@iQy<br />
cspuk rFkk vU; fØ;kdyki Fkk ftlds fy, dksbZ vyx vxz vkSj i'p la;kstu vko';d ugha gS<br />
dqN <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa us ckal dk dk;Z] [kk| mRikn rFkk vU; dkS'ky vk/kfjr fØ;kdyki dks viuk;k<br />
tgka vyx vk/kjHkwr lajpuk laHko ugha gSA jktLFkku rFkk vkU/z izns'k tSls jkT;ksa esa ,lth,lokbZ<br />
dk;kZUo;u ,tsafUl;ksa us <strong>xzke</strong>h.k gV rFkk LFkkbZ cktkj dsUnz tSlh lqfo/k miyC/ djkbZ ftldk mi;ksx<br />
lHkh <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkjh dj ldrs gSaA<br />
vf/drj ekeyksa esa ,lth,lokbZ ;<strong>kstuk</strong> esa izf'k{k.k lkekU; ifjp; gSA dqN <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa<br />
dks izf'k{k.k esa egRoiw.kZ fuos'k izkIr gqvk tSls [kkrk ogh dkS'ky (99 izfr'kr) O;fDrxr <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkjh<br />
vkSj 96 izfr'kr lewg <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkjh dks ;g dkS'ky izkIr ugha gqvkA tksfd lw{e m|e dk;Z ds fy,<br />
izkjfEHkd Lrj dh vko';drk gSA <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa ds fy, x, lk{kkRdkj ls irk pyrk gS orZeku Lrj<br />
cgqr de gSA<br />
49
djhcu 62 izfr'kr O;fDrxr <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkjh rFkk 74 izfr'kr lewg <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkjh ls irk pyrk gS<br />
mUgsa vkbZth, ds fy, visf{kr dkS'ky izkIr gSA 54 izfr'kr O;fDrxr rFkk 62 izfr'kr lewg<br />
<strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkjh us ,lth,lokbZ ds rgr izf'k{k.k vk/kfjr vkbZth, izkIr fd;k gSa bu nks fooj.kksa ls irk<br />
pyrk gS 8 izfr'kr O;fDrxr izR;FkhZ vkSj 12 izfr'kr lewg <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkjh us fØ;kdyki dks NksM+dj<br />
vkbZth, dks viuk;k ftlesa izf'k{k.k fd;k x;kA<br />
vkSlru 2283 :- dk ½.k varjky ik;k x;kA okLro esa ftys esa de foÙkiks"k.k dk<br />
ekeyk iQSyk gqvk FkkA vle esa 55 izfr'kr O;fDrxr <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkjh rFkk 45 izfr'kr lewg <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkjh<br />
FksA ,lth,lokbZ ds rgr jkT;okj rFkk fØ;kdyki okj fo'ys"k.k ls irk pyrk gS fd vè;;u {ks=k<br />
esa dqN gn rd de foÙk iks"k.k dk ekeyk FkkA fu/kZfjr bdkbZ ykxr ls ;s fuos'k de Fks (6 ls 36<br />
izfr'kr)A lewg <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkjh ds ekeys esa Ms;jh (1 izfr'kr) eRL;ikyu (1 izfr'kr) gFkdjkk (3<br />
izfr'kr) ds ekeys esa <strong>Lo</strong>;a iwath fuos'k de FkkA O;fDrxr <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkjh lfClMh ij de fuHkZj Fks vkSj<br />
vius fy, vf/d iwath tqVkrs FksA<br />
O;fDrxr <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkjh ds ekeys esa] laLFkkxr ½.k 50 izfr'kr rFkk 77 izfr'kr ds eè; FkkA<br />
ifj;<strong>kstuk</strong> esa lfClMh dk va'k 28 izfr'kr ls 36 izfr'kr FkkA<br />
dqy fuos'k esa laLFkkxr ½.k dk va'k O;fDxr <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkjh esa vf/d Fkk (62 izfr'kr ,oa<br />
56 izfr'kr lewg <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkjh) lewg <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkjh esa miyC/ lfClMh vf/d Fkh (35 izfr'kr)<br />
O;fDrxr esa 30 izfr'kr FkhA lewg <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkjh esa fuos'k dk vkSlr Lrj 23279 ,oa O;fDrxr ekeys<br />
esa 24864 FkkA<br />
½.k&lfClMh vuqikr<br />
½.k lfClMh vuqikr ,d vPNk lwpd gS tks vusd oxksZa esa vuqikr esa deh vkbZ 1-95% 1<br />
2002&03 ls 1-77% 1 2004&05A<br />
iquZHkqxrku<br />
,lth,lokbZ esa iquZHkqxrku dk Lrj vkbZvkjMhih ls csgrj FkkA jk"Vªh; Lrj ij ;g 57<br />
izfr'kr Fkk rFkk vusd o"kks± esa blesa o`f¼ gqbZA vè;;u {ks=k esa 85 izfr'kr lewg <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkjh rFkk 73<br />
izfr'kr O;fDrxr <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkjh us fu;fer Hkqxrku fd;kA<br />
50
;qok lewg dh rqyuk esa iqjkus lewg lnL; dk iquZHkqxrku vf/d FkkA dqy feykdj O;fDrxr<br />
<strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkjh (74 izfr'kr) dh rqyuk esa lewg <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkjh (85 izfr'kr) esa ½.k iquZHkqxrku nj vf/d<br />
FkhA fØ;kdyki okj fo'ys"k.k ls irk pyrk gSA Mskjh ftls vf/d <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkjh viukrs gSaA iquZHkqxrku<br />
nj 80 izfr'kr ls vf/d FkkA Ms;jh <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkjh dk vuqikr vf/d Fkk (32 izfr'kr O;fDr <strong>Lo</strong>jstxkjh<br />
rFkk 37 izfr'kr lewg <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkjh) rhljk vkSj lcls egRoiw.kZ lSEiy gS tks csgrj dk;Zfu"iknu<br />
ftyksa dks n'kkZrk gSA fdlh fu"d"kZ ij igqapus ls igys bl rF; dks è;ku esa j[kuk gksxkA<br />
cktkj dk <strong>Lo</strong>:i gj fØ;kdyki ds fy, fHkUu gSA tcfd cktkj vk/kfjr O;kikj tSls<br />
eRl; ikyu vkSj gFkdjkk xSj LFkkuh; pSuy] m|e tSls bZaV mRiknu LFkkuh; ekax ij vk/kfjr gSA<br />
Ms;jh ds ekeys esa izkFkfed Lrj ij ,d=k djds bls cktkjksa rd O;<strong>of</strong>LFkr :i esa igqapk;k tkrk gSA<br />
;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd vè;;u {ks=k esa Ms;jh esa ½.k varjky de FkkA<br />
vf/drj O;fDrxr <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkjh ftUgksaus d`f"k ;k lEc¼ fØ;kdyki] NksVs O;kikj] lsok nthZ<br />
rFkk bZaV cukuk dk;Z vkjaHk fd;k mUgsa xkao ;k vklikl cktkj ugha feykA dsoy dqN <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa<br />
us vius mRikn csps tSls Ms;jh] HksM+] eqxhZikyu] gFkdjkk] peM+k rFkk vU; mRikn dks vklikl ds<br />
xkao esa cspkA gFkdjkk mRikn dks {ks=kh; Lrj ij cspk x;kA lewg <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa uss Hkh vius mRikn<br />
xkaoksa esa cspsA<br />
lw{ke m|e dkS'ky fodkl ds fy, ,l,pth usV<strong>of</strong>d±x<br />
f<strong>of</strong>HkUu m|e fodkl uhfr esa ,l,pth dh usV<strong>of</strong>d±x vf/d vk'kktud gSA fØ;kdyki<br />
vk/kfjr lewg ;k lak m|e fodkl ds fy, ykHkdkjh gSA ;s usV<strong>of</strong>d±x i'p vkSj vxz la;kstu fuos'k<br />
vkSj mRikn cktkj essa lgk;rk djrs gSaA usV<strong>of</strong>d±x lnL;ksa dh leL;k de djus] lkewfgd vkSj mfpr<br />
lek/ku esa lgk;rk djrk gSA ,slh usV<strong>of</strong>d±x rHkh laHko gS tc bls <strong>xzke</strong>h.k vk/kjHkwr lajpuk tSls<br />
lM+d] VsyhiQksu] laxzg.k lqfo/k ds lkFk tksM+k tk,A blesa egRoiw.kZ O;kikj lwpuk ,d=k djuk gSA<br />
mnkgj.k ds fy, lnL;ksa }kjk ,d=k dh xbZ bZeyh dks xkao esa lIrkg esa ,d ;k nks ckj cspk tkrk<br />
gSA vxj bls gh lkiQ vkSj iSd djds cktkj esa cspk tkrk rks ykHk vf/d gksrk (60 izfr'kr) ,sls<br />
cktkj dsoy ,l,pth lnL;ksa ds lkFk usV<strong>of</strong>d±x ls laHko gksrs gSaA lak us <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkjh dks ;g 'kfDr<br />
ugha nhA vuUriqj] vkU/z izns'k ds dqN jkT;ksa esa ,lth,lokbZ ds rgr lgk;rk izkIr 6 ,l,pth dks<br />
60]000 :- dk ykHk gq,A<br />
51
vè;;u {ks=k esa gFkdjkk flys flyk, oL=k okfudh esa vf/d usV<strong>of</strong>d±x FkhA ysfdu<br />
usV<strong>of</strong>d±x d`f"k vkSj lEc¼ fØ;kdyki esa ugha ikbZ xbZA<br />
vè;;u {ks=k esa dsoy 23 izfr'kr <strong>xzke</strong> iapk;r izfrfuf/ ls ijkeZ'k fd;k x;kA izf'k{k.k ds<br />
fy, mi;ksx esa yk;k x;k ,lth,lokbZ fuf/ dk izfr'kr 1-16 csrqy (eè; izns'k) 13-61 fo:ruxj<br />
(rfeyukMw) esa FkkA tcfd izf'k{k.k esa izfr O;fDr 5000@& :- dk izko/ku Fkk ijUrq bl dk;Z ds<br />
fy, MhvkjMh, }kjk O;; dh xbZ okLrfod izfr O;fDr vk; de Fkh vle esa 184 :- rFkk fcgkj<br />
esa 693 :- FkhA<br />
vè;;u ny us ekuk fd vk/kjHkwr vko';drk] fMtkbZu vkSj izLrko dh f'kuk[r ds fy, nks<br />
ls rhu o"kZ dk le; yx tkrk gSA bl izfØ;k dks 'khkz djuk gksxkA blesa foyEc ls ,lth,lokbZ<br />
ds fy, mi;ksx dh xbZ jkf'k cgqr de FkhA egkjk"Vª ;g izfr'kr cgqr de Fkk eè; izns'k esa 10<br />
izfr'kr rFkk fcgkj esa 11 izfr'kr FkkA<br />
lfClMh ds fy, O;;<br />
lfClMh gh dk;ZØe dh vksj fu/Zuksa dks vkdf"kZr ,dek=k djus okys lgk;d dkjd gSaA<br />
jkT;okj vkadM+ksa ds fo'ys"k.k ls irk pyrk gS fd lewg <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkjh fuos'k ds fy, lfClMh ij fuHkZj<br />
djrh gS tksfd mM+hlk esa 43 izfr'kr eè; izns'k esa 25 izfr'kr gS tcfd vkSlr 35 izfr'kr FkkA<br />
O;fDrxr <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa esa lcls vf/d mÙkj izns'k (32 izfr'kr) vkSj lcls de eè; izns'k 22<br />
izfr'kr) rFkk vkSlr 30 izfr'kr FkkA<br />
vk; ijd jkstxkj vkSj vk;<br />
vk; ijd jkstxkj vkSj vk; ds fØ;kdyki okj fo'ys"k.k ls irk pyrk gS fd lsok m|e<br />
esa O;fDrxr <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkjh dks 21 fnu dk vfrfjDr jkstxkj vkSj mPp vk; (1173 :-) izfrekg fey<br />
ldrh gSA blds ckn lCth vkSj iQy cspus okys 19 fnu 1170 :- elkys rFkk gLrf'kYi dk LFkku<br />
gSA lcls de Fkk /ksch (5 fnu vkSj 615 :-) ekbZ yxkuk (6 fnu 600 :-) HksM+ ikyu vkSj ulZjh<br />
(7 fnu 433 :-)A lewg jkstxkjh ds laca/ esa lqvj ikyu esa vk; ijd jkstxkj (5 fnu vkSj 2043<br />
:-) FkkA tcfd i'kq/u fodkl esa lcls vf/d (13 Je fnu) ;k blesa vk; (20 :- izfr ekg)<br />
FkhA Ms;jh esa ;g vk; de Fkh (677 :-) tcfd O;fDrxr <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkjh esa ;g (873 :-) gSA<br />
52
fu/Zurk ij izHkko<br />
dk;ZØe ds lgk;rk gksus ij Hkh <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkjh vkSj tksfd lkekftd lewg fu/Zurk js[kk dks ikj<br />
djus ds fy, i;kZIr vk; vftZr ugha dj ldsA f<strong>of</strong>HkUu lkekftd lewgksa esa mPp vk; ijd vk;<br />
fiNM+s oxZ esa (943 :-) FkhA vU; oxZ (672 :-) vuq- tu- tk- (580 :-) rFkk vuq tkfr ds<br />
(539 :-) FkhA O;fDrxr <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa esa vk; Lrj vU; oxZ esa (1872 :-) vkSj lcls de vuqtkfr<br />
esa (1269 :-) FkkA<br />
lq>ko<br />
eq[; fØ;kdyki dh f'kuk[r vkSj p;u izfØ;k ijke'khZ FkhA tcfd okLro esa viukbZ xbZ<br />
izfØ;k us f<strong>of</strong>HkUu i.k/kfj;ksa dh vf/d lgHkkfxrk dks lqfuf'pr ugha fd;kA ekxZfunsZ'k esa gj Cykd<br />
ds fy, fn, x, eq[; fØ;kdykiksa esa i;k ppkZ vfuok;Z ugha gksus pkfg,A {ks=k esa lalk/u@cktkj<br />
lqvolj ds lanHkZ esa MhvkjMh, }kjk lgh la[;k dk p;u fd;k tk ldrk gSA ftyk Lrj ij ykbZu<br />
foHkkxksa dh lgHkkfxrk de Fkhs ds og i'kq ikyu] Ms;jh fodkl fuxe dks NksM+dj@vr% lHkh vU;<br />
ykbZu foHkkxksa dh lgHkkfxrk dks fodkl ;<strong>kstuk</strong> tSls izf'k{k.k foLrkj] rduhdh fuos'k vkfn dks<br />
,lth,lokbZ ;<strong>kstuk</strong> ls tksM+uk gksxkA<br />
eq[; fØ;kdyki dh f'kuk[r esa cSad eSustj dks 'kkfey djus dk eq[; vojks/ <strong>xzke</strong>h.k {ks=k<br />
esa viZ;kIr LVkiQ ds dkj.k le; dh miyC/rk FkhA ,sls ekeyksa esa cSad dks vfrfjDr LVkiQ dh<br />
O;oLFkk djuh gksxhA<br />
vf/drj ftyksa esa <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa ds fy, f'kuk[r fd, x, eq[; fØ;kdyki dh ekxZfunsZ'kksa<br />
ds vuq:i ugha FkhA lewg vk/kj ij eq[; fØ;kdyki djus dk 'kk;n gh dksbZ iz;kl fd;k x;k gksA<br />
ifj;<strong>kstuk</strong> izfriknu vkSj ewY;kadu ds fy, ftyk ykbZu foHkkx ds lkFk fo'ks"kdksa dh lsok ysuh gksxhA<br />
de lk{kjrk vkSj dkS'ky ds dkj.k <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa us ijaijkxr fØ;kdyki dks izkFkfedrk nh]<br />
izf'k{k.k i¼fr ij cy {ks=k@izn'kZu nkSjs ;k izn'kZu }kjk dk;Z izf'k{k.k ij cy fn;k tkrk gSA vr%<br />
<strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ska dh {kerk ds vuqlkj izf'k{k.k ekM;wy rS;kj fd;k tkuk pkfg,A 40 izfr'kr ls vf/d<br />
<strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa us fuf/ dks vU; fØ;kdykiksa esa yxk;k rkfd ftlds fy, mudh f'kuk[r dh xbZA<br />
<strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa dh izf'k{k.k vkSj {kerk fuekZ.k esa fuf/ mi;ksx dh izHkkfork lqfuf'pr djus ds fy,<br />
<strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa ds dk;Z dk izf'k{k.k dh vko';drk f'kuk[r vkSj foÙk dk irk yxkukA<br />
53
jktLFkku] >kj[kaM] mÙkj izns'k] eè; izns'k] fcgkj vkfn jkT; tgka ,lth,lokbZ ds izkjaHk ds<br />
i'pkr ,l,pth dk xBu vkjaHk gqvk ijUrq blesa cSadj 'kkfey ugha FksA bu jkT;ksa esa cSad LVkiQ dks<br />
tkudkjh nsuk rkfd ,l,pth foÙk dks O;ogk;Z cSafdax cuk;k tk ldsA vkU/z izns'k] rfeyukMq vkSj<br />
dukZVd jkT; ds cSad esa flafMdsV@dsujk@vkU/zk cSad dk vè;;u djsaxs ftUgksaus :nlsrh ds xBu esa<br />
lgk;rk dhA<br />
;g ns[kk x;k fd cSad eSustj ½.k ds ysu nsu esa 3 o"kZ dh ykd bu v<strong>of</strong>/ dks ugha viuk<br />
jgs Fks tksfd mu jkT;ksa esa izpfyr gS tgka ½.k&lfClMh vuqikr de gSA<br />
f<strong>of</strong>HkUu O;kikjksa ds ½.k vUjky fHkUu gS tSls eSVytSyh esa 6 izfr'kr cqd ckbfMax 36<br />
izfr'kr FkkA vf/drj bls <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa ds L=kksr ls iwjk fd;k tkrk gSA blfy, bl laca/ esa cSadj<br />
dks ifj;<strong>kstuk</strong> ykxr ds vk/kj ij ½.k nsus dh tkudkjh gksuh pkfg, ftlls <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkjh visf{kr<br />
fuos'k ds lkFk cSBd esa fcuk dfBukbZ ds fØ;kdyki vkjaHk dj ldsA<br />
cSadj eq[; :i ls iquZHkqxrku dk;z ij fuHkZj Fks u fd <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkjh ifj;<strong>kstuk</strong> ds fodkl vkSj<br />
f<strong>of</strong>o/rk esa de lgHkkfxrk ds dkj.k cSadj <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa dh c
<strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkj ifj;<strong>kstuk</strong> dh liQyrk mRikn@lsok dh cktkj <strong>Lo</strong>hd`fr ij fuHkZj djrh gSA bls<br />
è;ku esa j[krs gq, ,lth,lokbZ ekxZfunsZ'k rS;kj fd, x,A vf/drj ftyksa esa MhvkjMh, tksfd<br />
ihvkbZ, gS us visf{kr cktkj losZ{k.k ugha fd, x,A vf/drj ftyksa esa MhvkjMh, tksfd ihvkbZ, gS<br />
us visf{kr cktkj losZ{k.k ughaa fd;kA gkykafd blds vk/kj ij gh eq[; fØ;kdyki dh f'kuk[r dh<br />
tkuh FkhA vf/drj MhvkjMh, esa yksxksa dh deh ls dk;Z ugha fd;k tk ldkA MhvkjMh, dks<br />
laosf/r ykbZu foHkkx tSls d`f"k] erL; ikyu] js'ke dhV ikyu] ykq flapkbZ] ftyk m|ksx dsUæ]<br />
tutkrh; dY;k.k foHkkx] gFkdjkk ds ohvkbZch ls lgHkkfxrk vkeaf=kr djuh pkfg,A tgka dgha ;s<br />
lalk/u de gS ogka MhvkjMh, dks O;olk; rduhdh ijke'khZ laxBu dks tu {ks=k ;k futh {ks=k<br />
,ihVdks] >Vdkj feVdkWu esa yxkuk pkfg,A ekxZfunsZ'k ds vuqlkj cktkj vuqla/ku ds fy, bu<br />
O;olkf;;ksa dh lsok ds fy, fuf/ (5 yk[k okf"kZd) dk mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA<br />
,lth,lokbZ ifj;<strong>kstuk</strong> dks cktkj <strong>Lo</strong>hd`rh ds vk/kj ij rhu lewgksa esa ckaVk tk ldrk gSA<br />
Ms;jh ds fy, ,d lqO;<strong>of</strong>LFr cktkj gSA bu mRiknksa ds fy, cktkj lgk;rk dks 'khr HkaMkj.k] cYd<br />
dwyj] 'khr IykUV vkfn ds :i esa gksuk pkfg, bl laca/ esa MhvkjMh, us liQyrkiwoZd orZEkku<br />
vk/kjHkwr lajpuk dk mi;ksx fd;k gSA<br />
vè;;u ny us ekuk fd lqnqj {ks=kksa esa <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkjh dh vko';drk dks iwjk djus ds fy, ,sls<br />
lajpuk fodkl dh vko';drk gSA bl mís'; ds fy, Ldhe ds rgr vk/kjHkwr fodkl fuf/ dk<br />
mi;ksx fd;k tkuk pkfg,A dqN ftyksa esa <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa dks uohu mRikn tSls vkS"k/h; lqxaf/r rFkk<br />
ckxokuh mRikn ds fy, izksRlkfgr fd;k x;kA vè;;u ds le; <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkjh foi.ku ds fy, futh<br />
fopkSfy;ksa ij fuHkZj FksA rsy] VekVj] vkyw vkSj czk;yj eqxhZikyu ds ekeys esa dkUVªSDVj [ksrh liQy<br />
jghA czkUM vkSj xq.koÙkk vk'oklu de FkkA vf/drj <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkjh <strong>Lo</strong>;a gh mRikn dks csprs gSaA <br />
55
vè;k;&9<br />
uoksUes"kh@,lth,lokbZ ds vUrxZr izksRlkfgr xSj&ikjaifjd ykq m|e% ,d<br />
funsZ'kh lwph mRiknu<br />
mRiknu {ks=k@ftyk izkjafHkd {kerk liQyrk ds eq[;<br />
dkj.k<br />
beyh ,oa 'kgn dk mM+hlk ds dschds dVksj xq.koÙkk fujh{k.k oS;fDrd mRikn ys[kk]<br />
lalk/u ,oa laxzg.k ftys<br />
ikjn'khZ fglkc&fdrkc<br />
(Mkcj foizks gsrq)<br />
bafnjk vkokl ;<strong>kstuk</strong> dsjy esa ikykkV ,oa mPp Lrjh; fo'ks"kK jkT; ljdkj }kjk igy%<br />
edkuksa] 'kkSpky;] f=kpwj<br />
{kerk<br />
dVksj xq.koÙkk fujh{k.k<br />
<strong>xzke</strong>ksa dks tksM+us okyh<br />
lM+dksa dk fuekZ.k<br />
VkbZVu ds fy, kfM+;ksa gklwj rfeyukMw xq.koÙkk dh l[r ,eokbZvkj,] ,uthvks<br />
dk la;kstu<br />
fujh{k.k<br />
,oa jkT; ljdkj }kjk<br />
vuqdwy igys] forj.k<br />
vuqlwph dk leFkZu<br />
Vhoh,l] VkVk] v'kksd gklwj rfeyukMw dBksj <strong>Lo</strong>PNrk ekud ,eokbZvkj,] ,uthvks<br />
ySykaM vkfn ds<br />
,oa jkT; ljdkj }kjk<br />
deZpkfj;ksa ds y,<br />
vuqdwy igys] forj.k<br />
pikfr;ka cukuk<br />
vuqlwph dk leFkZu<br />
;sfou Msjh ds mi;ksx dks;EcVwj rfeyukMw xq.koÙkk MhvkjMh, dks;EcVwj }kjk<br />
gsrq diksa dk mRiknu<br />
vuqdwy igy<br />
[kuu] [kknku dk;Z iqMqdksjVkbZ] rfeyukMw m|e'khy dkS'ky jkT; ljdkj }kjk pro<br />
uhfr<br />
lSfuVjh uSifduksa dh v;ksè;kiqje] lsye foi.ku dkS'ky L[; xq.koÙkk fujh{k.k%<br />
mRiknu<br />
rfeyukMw<br />
Mh,iQMh, }kjk cktkj<br />
56
[kfut ty oYyunqjS <strong>xzke</strong> foi.ku] foi.ku<br />
iapk;r] esV~Vqiky;u<br />
dks;EcVwj foi.ku<br />
rfeyukMw<br />
ubZ fnYyh] eqcabZ cksyafxj] mMhlk izf'k{k.k ds tfj,<br />
caxyksj vkfn esa<br />
xq.koÙkk] lewg ij<br />
=kSekfld lhekorhZ<br />
dsfUær izHkko<br />
cktkj gsrq igkM+h kkl<br />
ls cus >kMw dk<br />
mRiknu<br />
iÙks ds di cukuk cksyafxj] mMhlk izf'k{k.k ds tfj,<br />
xq.koÙkk] lewg ij<br />
dsfUær izHkko<br />
I;kt dks [kjkc gksus cksyafxj] mMhlk izf'k{k.k ds tfj,<br />
ls cpkuk<br />
xq.koÙkk] lewg ij<br />
dsfUær izHkko<br />
fo'ys"k.k ,oa ewY;<br />
fu/kZj.k<br />
lak'kklu esa 5 ,l,p<br />
dk xBu] c`gr cSad ½.k<br />
gsrq lewg dk ,dhdj.k<br />
cktkj losZ{k.k ls ewY;<br />
fu/kZj.k mRikn dh<br />
xq.kork esa lq/kjuk]<br />
vksjekl] mMhlk xzk-f<strong>of</strong>oHkkx<br />
}kjk xq.koÙkk<br />
fu;a=k.k ,oa mRiknu<br />
lq/kj gsrq vk/kjHkwr<br />
lajpuk leFkZu<br />
cktkj losZ{k.k ls ewY;<br />
fu/kZj.k mRikn dh<br />
xq.kork esa lq/kjuk]<br />
vksjekl] mMhlk xzk-f<strong>of</strong>oHkkx<br />
}kjk xq.koÙkk<br />
fu;a=k.k ,oa mRiknu<br />
lq/kj gsrq vk/kjHkwr<br />
lajpuk leFkZu<br />
cktkj losZ{k.k ls ewY;<br />
fu/kZj.k mRikn dh<br />
xq.kork esa lq/kjuk]<br />
vksjekl] mMhlk xzk-f<strong>of</strong>oHkkx<br />
}kjk xq.koÙkk<br />
fu;a=k.k ,oa mRiknu<br />
57
lq/kj gsrq vk/kjHkwr<br />
lajpuk leFkZu<br />
vjgj nky dh [ksrh cksyafxj] mMhlk izf'k{k.k ds tfj, cktkj losZ{k.k ls ewY;<br />
xq.koÙkk] lewg ij fu/kZj.k mRikn dh<br />
dsfUær izHkko xq.kork esa lq/kjuk]<br />
vksjekl] mMhlk xzk-f<strong>of</strong>oHkkx<br />
}kjk xq.koÙkk<br />
fu;a=k.k ,oa mRiknu<br />
lq/kj gsrq vk/kjHkwr<br />
lajpuk leFkZu<br />
fuxehr czkaM (lqxquk)<br />
ds fy, czkbyj<br />
(fufonk ij mRiknu)<br />
ouLifr dh [ksrh]<br />
vkyw] irkxksHkh]<br />
iQwyxksHkh] cSaxu]<br />
VekVj vkfn (iwoZ esa<br />
lfCt;ksa dk vk;kr ls<br />
gksrk Fkk)<br />
daphiQqeq rfeyukMw vkiwfrZ ;qDr ,dhdj.k ykxr esa deh]<br />
usV<strong>of</strong>d±xforj.k vuqlwph<br />
dh lqfuf'prrk<br />
v:.kkpy izns'k dk 'khr HkaMkj.k lfClMh MhvkjMh, }kjk cktkj<br />
uhpyk lqckufljh izkIr HkaMkj.k ifjogu losZ{k.k<br />
ftyk<br />
dPpk gLrf'kYi] ckalokM+k] lwjr <strong>xzke</strong>h.k esyk eafnj xzk- fo- foHkkx }kjk<br />
Hkkjr dqapu crZu lcjdkark leqnk; R;ksgkj cktkj los{k.k ,oa [kcj<br />
diM+s ftl ij i'kq<br />
fMtkbZu] fpry] eksj]<br />
mWaQV<br />
'kjcr] tSe] 'kgn] vyIiqyk dsjy vke lalk/u cktkj cktkj losZ{k.k] <strong>xzke</strong><br />
eSjh<br />
dsUæ uxjh cktkj fodkl foHkkx<br />
LFkku ds fy, lqfo/k<br />
Msjh mRikn ,oa eqtÝiQjiqj fcgkj Msjh ikmQMj esa cktkj losZ{k.k<br />
58
lalk/ku<br />
lalk/u<br />
peM+s ds twrs vkxjk] ;w-ih- xq.koÙkk lwpuk ,oa<br />
ekudhdj.k gsrq<br />
izf'k{k.k] rfeyukMw esa<br />
nwjLr cktkjksa ds fy,<br />
fcØh<br />
ckxokuh cqUnsy[k.M m-iz- jsrh] NksVs dadM<br />
@eaMyk] gehjiqj mrj<br />
izns'k<br />
Tokjj] cktjk cqUnsy[k.M m-iz- 150 iQqV xgjkbZ ls<br />
@eaMyk] gehjiqj mrj ikuh fudkyus ds fy,<br />
izns'k<br />
V;wcosy ftys cSyks ls<br />
pyk<br />
VekVj] chUl tSls ikM+h] mÙkjk[k.M [ksrh Lrj ls laxzg.k]<br />
lfCt;ksa dh tSo d`f"k<br />
ftls enj Msjh ds<br />
lkFk ,dhd`r djuk]<br />
fjyk;Ul izQs'k] vktn<br />
cktkj] fnYyh<br />
iQwyekyk% Dyhjk gksfl;kjiqj] iatkc cktkj lwpuk] laxzg.k<br />
ftdk iz;ksx fookg<br />
,oa vknku iznku<br />
vkfn esa gksrk gS<br />
rfeyukMw esa futh<br />
[kjhnnkjksa ds lkFk<br />
lEcU/<br />
<strong>xzke</strong> fodkl foHkkx }kjk<br />
izks|ksfxdh dh leFkZu<br />
tgka fctyh miyC/ ugha<br />
gS ogka ij izkS|ksfxdh<br />
baVjusV<br />
vke czkaM mÙkjk cktkj<br />
ewY; lwpuk laxzg.k ,oa<br />
vknku iznku<br />
MhvkjMh, }kjk cktkj<br />
losZ{k.k<br />
Msjh lalk/u ve`rlj] iatkc pht] iuhj] yLlh esa<br />
lalk/u<br />
,e,lih ;<strong>kstuk</strong> ds djhe uxj] vkU/z ikjnf'kZrk% cgh [kkrk<br />
vUrxZr edbZ dh izns'k<br />
fMftVy ekb'pj ehVj<br />
izkfIr<br />
ds mi;ksx dk dkS'ky<br />
mPp xq.koÙkk okys]<br />
MhvkjMh, losZ{k.k<br />
jkT; ljdkj }kjk igy<br />
vuqdwy<br />
59
,eihth dk iQqVdj cknjd] mMhlk lqj{kk dk Lrj% cgh jkT; ljdkj }kjk igy<br />
fcØh (fgUnqLrku<br />
[kkrk j[kus dh dkS'ky vuwdwy<br />
isVªksfy;e gsrq)<br />
ihMh,l fudkl dk vkU/z izns'k] rfeyukMw ikjnf'kZrk% cgh [kkrk jkT; ljdkj }kjk igy<br />
izpyu<br />
,oa egkjk"Vª j[kus dh dkS'ky vuwdwy<br />
py dSUVhu /eZiqjh rfeyukMw Hkkstu izca/ dkS'ky ,l,pth gsrq ljdkjh<br />
nÝrjksa ds lehi O;kikj<br />
ifj{ks=k f'kuk[r djus esa<br />
o lqfo/k iznku djus esa<br />
MhvkjMh, }kjk iwoksZik;<br />
igy<br />
Fkksd esa lkfM;ksa dh f'koxaxh rfeyukMw lnL;ksa us dsoy<br />
[kjhnnkjh ,oa laxzg.k (,l,pth lnL; ,l,pth ls gh<br />
2000 ,l,pth X 2 Jhefr d:ikbZ dk lkfM;ka [kjhnus dk<br />
[kaM+ksa esa 10 lq>ko)<br />
fu'p; fd;k Fkksd<br />
lnL;&40]000<br />
cktkjksa ls lkfM;ksa dh<br />
lkfM;ka :- 100 esa&<br />
[kjhn ewY; esa 5<br />
40 :-<br />
izfr'kr dVkSrh<br />
[kfut ty eqylh [kaM] iq.ks cl LVsaM esa nqdku xkseq[k (,uthvks) ds<br />
yxkus ds fy, uxj lkFk ,lth,lokbZ fo'ks"k<br />
ikfydk ls vuqefr<br />
izkIr dh<br />
ifj;<strong>kstuk</strong> :- 10 yk[k<br />
ds xBca/u ls lkekU;<br />
lwpuk<br />
i;kZoj.k i;ZVu tyik;xqjh ,oa dPN <strong>xzke</strong> iapk;r$,l,pth MhvkjMh, }kjk cktkj<br />
fcgkj] i- caxky ls i;kZoj.k i;ZVu dk losZ{k.k<br />
vk;kstu] ,l,pth<br />
ifjlak dk xBu] ,oa<br />
izf'kf{kr djuk<br />
60
dqdjeqÙkk [ksrh eksV~Vh [kaM] iapdekZ lHkh gksVyksa dh izf'k{k.k<br />
ftyk<br />
vkiwfrZ vko';drkvksa<br />
dks iwjk djuk<br />
dksdqe flji nf{k.k xksvk usVodZ&foi.ku MhvkjMh, }kjk dkS'ky<br />
mUu;u dh O;oLFkk<br />
eqxhZ ikyu ckjgh [kaM] gtkjhckx] m/kj] izks|ksfxdh] iz/ku }kjk igy<br />
>kj[kaM<br />
vk/kjHkwr lajpuk<br />
tSfod bZa/u la;a=k gsrq tsVjksik iksjxsfedk izR;{k Hkqxrku ftyk dyDVj] fp=knqxkZ]<br />
ulZjh<br />
ikS/k yxkuk] iks"k.k<br />
dukZVd }kjk igy<br />
djus ns[kHkky djus<br />
vuqdwy<br />
gsrq 4 o"kZ dk Bsdk<br />
lsok m|e<br />
futh chek daifu;ksa fot;uxj] vkU/z izns'k U;kl [kkrk cgh MhvkjMh, }kjk vuqdwy<br />
ds fy, chek izhfe;e<br />
dkS'ky<br />
igy<br />
dk laxzg.k<br />
uxj lMd liQkbZ dks;EcVwj] rfeyukMw xq.koÙkk% fuxjkuh] MhvkjMh, }kjk vuqdwy<br />
izR;sd lnL;ksa dk igy<br />
lg;ksx<br />
xSl ls mRikfnr<br />
fctyh dh lgk;rk ls<br />
<strong>xzke</strong>h.k ds fy,<br />
is;ty vkiwfrZ<br />
nw/ ds fy, cM+s<br />
'khrdksa dk j[kj[kko<br />
(,ihMhMhlh iQsMjs'ku<br />
gsrq)<br />
vksMqanjS] <strong>xzke</strong> ;kaf=kd dkS'ky] jkT; ljdkj }kjk igy<br />
dks;EcVwj] rfeyukMw fglkc&fdrkc esa vuwdwy<br />
l[r xq.koÙkk<br />
vkU/z izns'k rduhdh dkS'ky] jkT; ljdkj }kjk<br />
ikjnf'kZrk ,oa vuwdwy igy<br />
fglkc&fdrkc<br />
61
fctyh ykaMªh lsye] r uk l[r xq.koÙkk fu;a=k.k Hkwfe@O;kikj ifjlj dks<br />
lqlkè; cukuk% fctyh<br />
,oa ty L=kksr% laLFkkxr<br />
cktkjksa dh f'kuk[r djus<br />
esa MhvkjMh, }kjk fuHkkbZ<br />
xbZ Hkwfedk<br />
gksxfudy tyizikr<br />
ij i;ZVu fjlkVZ esa<br />
x`g O;oLFkk<br />
xkfM+;ksa ikfdZax ds<br />
fy, LFkku eafnj]<br />
ljdkjh dk;kZy;<br />
ifjlj vkfn esa<br />
f}pØokgu eksVj<br />
lkbZdy ds fy, LFkku<br />
gksxusdy] /eZiqfj] x`g O;oLFkk dkS'ky ,l,uth dks volj<br />
ftyk rfeyukMw<br />
iznku djus ds fy, ,oa<br />
f'kuk[r djus ds fy,<br />
MhvkjMh, }kjk vuqdwy%<br />
cSad ½.k }kjk tekurh<br />
jkf'k<br />
egknsoiqj] dks;EcVwj ljy O;kikj dkS'ky ,l,uth dks volj<br />
rfeyukMw<br />
iznku djus ds fy, ,oa<br />
f'kuk[r djus ds fy,<br />
MhvkjMh, }kjk vuqdwy%<br />
cSad ½.k }kjk tekurh<br />
jkf'k<br />
dksfj;j lsok,a dks;EcVwj uxj xq.koÙkk nku lsok,a jkT; ljdkj }kjk<br />
rfeyukMw<br />
vuwdwy igy<br />
fuxe {ks=kksa ds fy, d`".kfxjh] rfeyukMw vU; ,l,pth ds vkjaHk ds vk/kjHkwr<br />
chihvks jkstxkj<br />
lkFk usV<strong>of</strong>d±x lajpuk Lrj esa fuos'k gsrq<br />
MkVk izf<strong>of</strong>"V ds fy,<br />
rFkk muds cPpksa ,oa<br />
,l,pth lnL;ksa dh<br />
izf'k{k.k fuekZ.k dEi;wVj<br />
i¼fr] nwjlapkj i¼fr]<br />
izf'k{kdksa dh rSukrh]<br />
62
xzkgdksa dh f'kuk[rrk<br />
fuxe {ks=k esa jkstxkj gkslwj] rfeyukMw U;wure fejkMk }kjk uohu igy<br />
igpku] ewY;fu/kZj.k ,oa<br />
lsok {ks=k vf/drj fuxe<br />
m|eksa ds fy,<br />
jkstxkj&,l,pth lnL;ksa<br />
ds fy, l`ftr gS esa ykq<br />
m|eksa dh fuekZ.k ds<br />
fy, ,dek=k ijke'khZ<br />
laxBu gS] }kjk ,d<br />
uoksUes"kh izkjaHk dk;Z<br />
vkcaVu] ijke'khZ laxBu<br />
ls ,l,pth ds efgyk<br />
lnL;ksa ls minku ,oa<br />
fgrdkjh fuf/ dk<br />
laxzg.k<br />
lkbZfdy ikfd±x] fr:ukosyh] rfeyukMw is'kxh fuf/ dh iwoZ ½.k ij lwpuk izkIr<br />
okf"kZd lafonk<br />
O;oLFkk<br />
djus ds fy, vkjVhvkbZ<br />
vf/fu;e dk iz;ksx<br />
63
vè;k;&10<br />
m|ksx pquus ds fy, D;k djsa\<br />
<strong>Lo</strong>&jkstxkj] ;k <strong>Lo</strong>r% jkstxkj ;<strong>kstuk</strong>] ,slk volj gS ftlesa vkidks tYn ls tYn m|ksxifr<br />
cuus dk volj fey ldrk gSA<br />
vkt dh ;qok ih
;g dqN o"kZ iwoZ dh fLFkfr;ka gSaA vc ifjfLFkfr;ka cny x;h gSaaA vc ;g ckr le> esa<br />
vkus yxh gS fd i
gS rks mldh liQyrk ds ihNs D;k dkj.k gSa\ ;fn fdlh dh fLFkfr vPNh ugha gS rks mldk D;k<br />
dkj.k gS\<br />
,d liQy O;olk;h ;k m|eh esa fuEufyf[kr xq.k gks ldrs gS%<br />
lH; ,oa lqlaLd`r O;ogkj&ftuds chp vkidks O;kikj djuk gS] eky [kjhnuk vkSj mRiknu<br />
cspuk gS muds chp lH;] lqlaLd`r vkSj 'kkyhu O;ogkj djuk vPNs O;olk;h ;k m|eh dk loZJs"B<br />
xq.k gSA ;fn vkidk O;ogkj vf'k"V gS] uezrk ls vki ugha cksyrs rks dksbZ Hkh vkids fudV vkuk<br />
ilUn ugha djsxkA<br />
fuHkZ; gksdj dk;Z djsa&vkidks viuk O;olk; Hk;eqDr gksdj djuk gksxkA ;fn gj le;<br />
bl ckr ds fy, Hk;Hkhr jgsaxs fd irk ugha dk;Z pysxk ;k ugha] rks vki mUufr ugha dj ldrsA<br />
mfpr nke&cgqr vf/d equkiQk dekus ds ctk; de equkiQs ij vf/d mRiknu djus dk<br />
mlwy viukb,A O;olkf;d liQyrk dh ;g dqath gSA<br />
vPNk fn[ks&vPNk m|eh vius rS;kj'kqnk eky dks [kwclwjr ltk&laokj dj vPNh ls vPNh<br />
iSfdax djds ekfdZV esa mrkjrk gSA [kjhnkj ij igyk izHkko izksMDV ds mQijh vkoj.k ls gh iM+rk gSA<br />
xq.koÙkk&vkids mRikn dh DokfyVh Js"B gksuh pkfg,A dqN yksx T;knk equkiQk dekus ds<br />
pDdj esa kfV;k lkexzh yxkdj lLrs esa eky csprs gSaA os T;knk rjDdh ugha dj ldrsA ,d lhek<br />
esa ca/ tkrs gSaA vPNh xq.koÙkk ds mRiknuksa dh gj txg] gj le; iwN jgrh gSA<br />
ifjorZu'khyrk viukbZ,&vkt dk nkSj ifjorZu'khyrk gSA mRiknu esa izfr;ksfxrk gksus ds<br />
dkj.k m|eh u;s&u;s ifjorZu djds mls vkd"kZd cuksu ds iz;kl esa jgrs gSaA vki <strong>Lo</strong>;a ewY; vkSj<br />
xq.koÙkk dks è;ku es j[krs gq, mRikn dh ifjorZu'khyrk ds fy, ekfdZV dks utj esa jf[k,A<br />
bZekunkjh&O;kolkf;d ysu&nsu esa bZekunkjh viukb,A ;fn vki vius mRikn vkSj nwljksa ds<br />
izfr bZekunkj ugha gS rks cktkj esa vkidh 'kk[k fxj tk,xh] ftls lEHkkyuk ckn esa cgqr dfBu gksrk<br />
gSA<br />
fu.kZ; ysus dh {kerk&vkS|ksfxd dk;ks± vkSj mRiknu esa dne&dne ij fu.kZ; ysus dh<br />
vko';drk iM+rh gSA ;s fu.kZ; ldkjkRed vkSj udkjkRed nksuksa izdkj ds gks ldrs gSaA<br />
lksp&le>dj fu.kZ; ysa vkSj ,d ckj tks fu.kZ; ysa mls LFkfxr u djsaA<br />
le; dh ikcUnh&cktkj dh ekax vkSj iwfrZ dks è;ku es j[kdj mRiknu rS;kj djus esa le;<br />
dh ikcUnh dk è;ku j[ksaA ;fn vius rS;kj eky ds fy, fdlh dks le; ns fn;k vkSj mls le; ij<br />
66
S;kj ugha dj lds rks Hkh vkidh 'kk[k fxjsxhA le; ds ckjs esa vPNh rjg lksp&le>dj nwljksa ls<br />
ok;nk djsaA<br />
izR;sd xzkgd ij leqfpr è;ku nsa&vkids xzkgd gh vkidh liQyrk dh Js.kh gSA xzkgd<br />
NksVk gks ;k cM+k] ,d dks utjvUnkt djds nwljs ij fo'ks"k è;ku nsuk le>nkjh ughaA lHkh xzkgdksa<br />
ij leqfpr è;ku nsaA<br />
;<strong>kstuk</strong> cukdj pysa&vius dk;Z&O;kikj dks ;<strong>kstuk</strong>c¼ :i ls iwjk djsaA e'khujh] vkneh]<br />
iwath dks è;ku esa j[kdj dk;Z pyk,aA ,slk u gks fd dk;Z esa vf/d iwath] vf/d Jfed vkSj<br />
e'khujh dh vko';drk gks] lfefr lk/uksa ls vkius cM+k dk;Z 'kq: dj fn;k gks] ftldh otg ls<br />
vkxs pydj dk;Z BIi iM+ tk,A<br />
deZpkfj;ksa ds lkFk lUrqyu&vPNk m|eh vius deZpkfj;ksa ds lkFk lUrqyu cukdj pyrk<br />
gSA<br />
m|ksx dSls yxk,a\<br />
m|ksx yxkus ds fy, fuEufyf[kr rF;ksa dks è;ku esa j[kuk vko';d gSA bu ckrksa dks è;ku<br />
esa j[kdj ;fn m|ksx yxk;k tk,xk rks liQyrk dh vf/d vk'kk dh tk ldrh gSA<br />
mRikn ds fy, fuf'pr gks ysa&loZizFke vki bl ckr ds fy, fuf'pr gks ysa fd vkidks<br />
mRikn D;k djuk gSA ;g m|e izfØ;k dk lcls igyk vkSj egRoiw.kZ dk;Z gSA vki tks Hkh NksVk ;k<br />
cM+k m|ksx yxkus tk jgs gSa mlds ckjs esa vkidk vuqHko fdruk gSA ekfdZV esa [kir dk D;k Ldksi<br />
gSA vki mls viuh iwjh {kerk ds lkFk laHkky ldrs gSa ;k ugha&bldk fu.kZ; iw.kZ foosd ls ysaA<br />
Hkys gh ,slk fu.kZ; ysus esa vkidks dqN le; yx tk,A bl fu.kZ; ij gh vkidk Hkfo"; fuHkZj<br />
djrk gSA ekfdZV dk <strong>Lo</strong>;a ewY;kadu djsa] dgh&lquh ckrksa ij fo'okl u djsaA viuh dk;Z'khy iwath<br />
rFkk lk/u&lalk/uksa ij vPNh rjg fopkj dj ysaA<br />
cktkj losZ{k.k&vki vius mRiknu ds ckcr cktkj dk losZ{k.k djds vPNh rjg fopkj<br />
dja fd tks eky vki rS;kj djus tk jgs gSa mldh cktkj esa vPNh ekax vkSj [kir gS ;k ughaA yksxksa<br />
dh og t:jr gS vkSj vkxs Hkh cjkcj t:jr cuh jgus okyh gS ;k ughaA bu ckrksa dh larks"ktud<br />
tkudkjh fey tkus ds ckn vkxs dk dk;Z djsaA<br />
iwath fuos'k fopkj&mRiknu dh fuf'prrk] cktkj losZ{k.k ds ckn vki viuh iwath fuos'k<br />
lEcfU/r elys ij fopkj djsaA Leky Ldsy b.MLVªh ;k yk q m|ksx] kjsyw m|ksx 'kq: djus ds<br />
67
fy, lcls csgrj ckr rks ;gh gS fd vkids ikl tks viuh iwath gks mlls gh m|ksx 'kq: djsa] rkfd<br />
vkxs vkidks vkfFkZd raxh dk f'kdkj u gksuk iM+sA<br />
;fn vki isnkjh esa fdlh ds lkFk lk>s<br />
esa iwath yxkrs gSa] blds fy, 'krsZa r; gksrh gSa] dEiuh futh dEiuh] lkoZtfud dEiuh] lgdkfjrk<br />
tSls Hkh <strong>Lo</strong>:i gksrs gSa ftlesa 'ks;j csps tkrs gSaA ysfdu ;g cM+s m|ksxksa ds fy, gksrs gSaA ykq m|ksx<br />
ds fy, viuh iwath yxkdj ;k ,dk/ lk>hnkj cukdj muds chp fu;e&iwfrZ r; djds dkjksckj<br />
fd;k tkrk gSA<br />
m|ksx dk ukedj.k&iwath lEcfU/r fo"k; ij fopkj djds vius m|ksx dk uke j[kuk vkSj<br />
mldk iathdj.k djkuk egRoiw.kZ fo"k; gS] D;ksafd cM+s&cM+s m|ksxksa ds uke gh mudh xqMfoy gksrh<br />
gSA uke ls gh mRiknu eSnku esa mrjrk gS vkSj mldh fo'oluh;rk ij yksx Hkjkslk djrs gSaA uke dk<br />
jftLVªs'ku djkuk blfy, t:jh gksrk gS rkfd vkidk m|ksx tc py fudys rks dksbZ ml tSlk ;k<br />
feyrk&tqyrk uke j[kdj vkids mRiknu dks uqdlku u igqapk ldsA uke ,slk gksuk pkfg, tks m|ksx<br />
vf/fu;e }kjk izfrcfU/r u gksA uke NksVk gks] cksyus vkSj lquus esa :fpdj yxsA fdlh oxZ ;k<br />
leqnk; dk izfrfuf/Ro djA uke ls mRikfnr oLrq ;k mlds xq.kksa vkfn dk vkHkkl gks tk,A<br />
bl lEcU/ esa vlqfo/k dk fujkdj.k vius uxj ds ftyk m|ksx dsUæ ls djk ldrs gSaA NksVs<br />
m|ksxksa] Leky Ldsy dk jftLVªs'ku Hkh ftyk m|ksx dsUæ ds ekè;e ls gksrk gSA<br />
LFkku p;u&vkius jftLVªs'ku ;k ukedj.k Hkh djk fy;k] vc vki bl ckr dh ij[k<br />
djds fudysaxs fd ml m|ksx dks dgka yxk,aA LFkku fu/kZj.k ,slh txg gksuk pkfg, tgk dPpk eky<br />
ljyrk ls miyC/ gks tk,] cktkj fudV gks] Jfed vklkuh ls fey tkrs gksa] ljdkjh lqfo/kvksa dks<br />
vklkuh ls miyc/ dj ldrs gksaA ;gh otg gS fd ,d gh fdLe ds mRikn ds fy, iwjs&iwjs cktkj<br />
gksrs gSa vkSj mlh cktkj esa mlh mRikn ls lEcfU/r viuk dk;Z&O;olk; pykuk yksx ilUn djrs gSaA<br />
izkstsDV fjiksZV rS;kj djuk&vkidks viuh iwath yxkuh gS ;k ljdkjh lgk;rk izkIr djds<br />
yxkuh gS] izkstsDV fjiksZV rS;kj djuk vko';d gSA izkstSDV fjiksZV ,d izdkj ls vk;&O;; dk vkbZuk<br />
gksrh gSA blls vkids lkeus vkidks mRikn ds ykHk vkSj mlesa yxus okyh iwath dk lkjk fooj.k<br />
68
lkiQ gksdj lkekus vk tkrk gSA foÙkh; laLFkk,a Hkh vkidk izkstsDV lkeus j[kdj ml ij ½.k ;k<br />
lgk;rk djus ij fopkj djrh gSaA<br />
ljdkjh vkSipkfjdrk dk fuoZgu&ljdkj tgk vkidks m|ksx yxkus vkSj pykus ds fy,<br />
izksRlkgu nsrh gS ogha dqN vkSipkfjdrk,a Hkh gSa ftudk fuokZg djuk vko';d gksrk gSA ykq m|ksx<br />
;k kjsyw m|ksx NksVs Lrj ij vki dgh Hkh 'kq: dj ldrs gSa] ij e'khujh oxSjg yxkdj mRiknu<br />
'kq: djuk gS rks vkidks bl ckr dk Hkh è;ku j[kuk gksxk fd vkoklh; dkyksfu;ksa esa u yxk,aA<br />
vkS|ksfxd bdkb;ksa ds fy, b.MfLVª;y ,fj;k gksrs gSa] ogha yxk, tk ldrs gSaA ljdkjh rkSj ls m|ksx<br />
ds vkdkj&izdkj ds fglkc ls dqN fu;e&'krsZa vkidks buls vuqefr;ka ysuh iM+rh gSa] mudh 'krks± dks<br />
iwjk djuk iM+rk gSA fu;eksa dk lgh ikyu djds vki vkus okyh
vè;k;&11<br />
<strong>Lo</strong>;a lgk;rk lewg&cSad la;kstu dk;ZØe&xjhcksa ds fy, cSafdx<br />
lqfo/k<br />
i`"BHkwfe<br />
<strong>xzke</strong>h.k 'kk[kkvksa ds O;kid usVodZ ds ckotwn <strong>xzke</strong>h.k xjhcksa dk ,d cM+k oxZ] [kkldj] NksVs<br />
fdlku@lhekar fdlku] Hkwfe jfgr Jfed] <strong>xzke</strong>h.k dkjhxj vkSj efgyk,a viuh ½.k vko';drkvksa ds<br />
fy, vHkh Hkh lkgwdkjksa tSls xSj&laLFkkxr foÙkh; L=kksrksa ij fuHkZj gSaA lkekU; ½.k laLFkkvksa ls ½.k<br />
myiC/ djus ds lEcU/ esa izys[ku dh cksf>y izfØ;k] c
<strong>Lo</strong>;a lgk;rk fopkj/kjk<br />
cSad ds tks ikjaifjd tek vkSj ½.k mRikn gSa] iz.kkfy;ka] izfØ;k,a vkSj cSafdax uhfr;ka]<br />
izpyu es gSa os xjhcksa dh rRdkfyd t:jrksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, mi;qDr ugha gSaA mudks ,d ,slh<br />
iz.kkyh pkfg, ftlds }kjk mUgsa NksVh jde ds ½.k vklkuh ls >a>V ds fcuk vkSj de ykxr ij<br />
fey tk,aA xjhcksa dks leku izdkj ds lewgksa ds :i esa bdV~Bk djus dk lkekU;r% <strong>Lo</strong>;a lgk;rk<br />
lewg ds :i esa tkuk tkrk gS] vkSj ;g izfØ;k vR;ar liQy ½.k forj.k ekWMy ds :Ik esa lkfcr<br />
gqbZ gSA bl ifjdYiuk dk mís'; cpr dh vknr Mkyuk vkSj cpr dh xbZ rFkk m/kj yh xbZ<br />
fuf/;ksa dk caVokjk lewgksa ds chp m/kj nsrs gq, fd;k tkuk gSA bl forj.k iz.kkyh ls cSaad Lrj ij<br />
vkSj <strong>Lo</strong>;a lgk;rk lewg ds lnL;ksa ds chp m/kj nsrs gq, fd;k tkuk gSA bl forj.k iz.kkyh ls cSad<br />
Lrj ij vkSj <strong>Lo</strong>;a lgk;rk lewg ds lnL;ksa ds chp ysu&nsu dh ykxrksa esa dVkSrh djus esa Hkjiwj<br />
enn feyh gSA blls foÙkh; laLFkkvksa dh viuh igqap c
2- usrk@izfrfuf/%<br />
<strong>Lo</strong>;a lgk;rk lewg dks pkfg, fd og yksdrkaf=kd izfØ;k ds vuqlkj ,d usrk vkSj vU;<br />
izfrfuf/;ksa dk p;u djs] tks cSBdsa vk;ksftr djus] [kkrk cfg;ksa dk j[k&j[kko djus] udn<br />
izca/u] cSafdax ysu&nsu djus vkfn ds fy, ftEesnkj gksxkA usr`Ro dk vkorZu vk<strong>of</strong>/d :i<br />
ls fd;k tk,A<br />
3- cSBdsa%<br />
• lewg dks pkfg, fd og fu;fer varjkyksa ij vFkkZr~ gÝrs esa ;k de ls de eghus esa<br />
,d ckj cSBd vo'; vk;ksftr djsA cSBd dk fnu@rkjh[k] le; dks fu/kZfjr djds<br />
mlls lnL;ksa dks vfxze :i ls lwfpr dj fn;k tk,A<br />
• cSBd dk LFkku xkao dk dksbZ lkekU; LFkku gks ldrk gS tgka ij lc yksx igqap ldsa<br />
;k fiQj ,d ds ckn nwljs lnL;ksa ds kjksa esa Hkh vk;ksftr fd;k tk ldrk gSA<br />
• cSBd esa mifLFkfr vfuok;Z gSA<br />
• yksdrkaf=kd izfØ;k ds vuqlkj fu.kZ; fy;k tkukA<br />
• lewg cSBdksa esa gh lHkh fu.kZ; fy, tkus pkfg,a vkSj mUgsa dk;Zo`r ds jftLVj esa Bhd<br />
rjg ls uksV fd;k tk,A<br />
4- jftLVjksa@cfg;ksa dk j[kj[kko%<br />
• lewg }kjk ftu jftLVjksa] cfg;ksa dks cukdj j[kuk gS] os gSa%& dk;Zo`Ùk jftLVj] cpr<br />
vkSj ½.k jftLVj] lnL;rk jftLVj] ftlesa lnL;ksa ds C;kSjs gksa] lnL;ksa dk iklcqd<br />
vkSj cSad iklcqdA<br />
• cfg;ksa@jftLVjksa dks lewg dk dksbZ f'kf{kr lnL; fy[k ldrk gS ;k ckgj ls fdlh dh<br />
enn ysds ;k xSj ljdkjh laxBu ds <strong>Lo</strong>;a lsod dh lgk;rk ls Hkh mUgsa fy[kk tk<br />
ldrk gSA<br />
5- cpr@ferO;f;rk%<br />
• lewg esa fy;s x;s fu.kZ; ds vuqlkj lnL;ksa dks fu;fer :i ls cpr djuh gksxhA <strong>Lo</strong>;a<br />
lgk;rk lewg dh cSBd ds nkSjku cpr dh jde olwy dh tk,A<br />
• ^cpr igys&½.k ckn esa* ;g <strong>Lo</strong>;a lgk;rk lewg ds gj ,d lnL; dk vkn'kZ okD;<br />
gksuk pkfg,A<br />
• ^vk;&(kVko) cpr=[kpZ* dh ladYiuk dk [kwc izpkj&izlkj fd;k tk,A<br />
72
6- vkarjd m/kj%<br />
• <strong>Lo</strong>;a lgk;rk lewg dks pkfg, fd og cpr dh jde dk mi;ksx vius lnL;ksa dks<br />
½.k nsus ds fy, djsaA<br />
• lewg }kjk yksdrkaf=kd
vUrxZr cSad xSj ljdkjh laxBuksa@le,iQlh dks cM+h ek=kk esa ½.k nsrs gSa rkfd os <strong>Lo</strong>;a lgk;rk lak<br />
dks vkxs foÙkiksf"kr dj ldsaA<br />
cSad la;kstu ds fy, ekun.M<br />
1- <strong>Lo</strong>;a lgk;rk lewg dk cpr cSad [krk [kksyk tkuk<br />
lewg ls fuEufyf[kr izys[kksa dks izkIr djus ds ckn mlds uke ls cpr cSad [kkrk<br />
[kksyk tkrk gS%<br />
• ladYi ftls <strong>Lo</strong>;a lgk;rk lewg ls izkIr fd;k tkuk gSA<br />
• vkilh djkj] ftldk fu"iknu <strong>Lo</strong>;a lgk;rk lewg ds lHkh lnL;ksa }kjk fd;k tkuk gSA<br />
• [kkrs dks de ls de 2 ;k 3 lnL;ksa }kjk la;qDr :i ls ifjpkfyr djus ds fy,<br />
izkf/dj.k i=k ftldh eatwjh ladYi ikfjr djrs gq, nh xbZ gksA blds lkFk f<strong>of</strong>/or<br />
Hkjk x;k vkosnu i=k vkSj izkf/d`r O;fDr;ksa dk iQksVks yxkuk gksxkA lewg ds izoZrd<br />
}kjk cSad dks lewg dk leqfpr :Ik ls ifjp; djkuk gksxkA<br />
2- m/kj nsus ds mís'; ds fy, lewg dk ewY;kadu<br />
• de ls de Ng eghus dh v<strong>of</strong>/ ds fy, lewg dks lfØ; :i esa vfLrRo esa jguk<br />
gSA<br />
• lewg us vius <strong>Lo</strong>;a ds L=kksrksa ls liQyrkiwoZd :Ik ls cpr vkSj ysu&nsu fd;k gksA<br />
• lewg us mfpr :i ls [kkrksa@fjdkMks± dks cuk;s j[kk gSA<br />
• lewg esa ,d nwljs dh lgk;rk djus vkSj feytqdj dke djus dh Hkkouk O;kIr gksA<br />
• lewg us cSad }kjk fu/kZfjr Js.kh fu/kZj.k pkVZ ds vuqlkj ^,* ;k ^ch* Js.kh izkIr dh<br />
gksA<br />
• ;fn <strong>Lo</strong>;a lgk;rk lewg ds dqN lnL; vkSj@;k muds ifjokj ds lnL; foÙkiks"k.kdrkZ]<br />
'kk[kk ds ckdhnkj gSa rks] mudh }kjk dh xbZ pwd ls <strong>Lo</strong>;a lgk;rk lewgksa dks foÙkiks"k.k<br />
djus dh fn'kk esa dksbZ :dkoV u vk;sA<br />
3- ½.k dk mís';<br />
• ftl mís'; ds fy, lewg vius lnL;ksa dks m/kj nsrk gS] mldk vk/kj lewg dk <strong>Lo</strong><br />
foosd gSA rFkkfir] lewg ds gjsd lnL; dks pkfg, fd og bl izdkj ls ,d NksVh lh<br />
½.k ;<strong>kstuk</strong> rS;kj djs fd mlus tks dk;Zdyki pqus gSa] og mldh dq'kyrk vkSj {kerk<br />
74
ds vuq:i gSa rkfd mlds ifjokj dks vfrfjDr vk; izkIr gks ldsA lHkh lnL;ksa dh<br />
½.k ;<strong>kstuk</strong> dk dqy ;ksx lewg ds fy, ekbØks ½.k ;<strong>kstuk</strong> cu tkrk gSA<br />
4- ½.k dh izek=kk<br />
<strong>Lo</strong>;a lgk;rk lewgksa dks ½.k dh eatwjh mQijfyf[kr ewY;kadu ekun.M+ksa dks larks"kizn
9- izfrHkwfr ekun.M<br />
• :- 5-00 yk[k rd% lewg xkjaVh }kjk ;k ½.k jde ls [kjhnh xbZ vkfLr;ksa }kjk<br />
izkFkfed izfrHkwfr ds :Ik esa ½.k dks jf{kr fd;k tkuk gSA<br />
• :- 5-00 yk[k ls vf/d% mQij crk;s x;s vuqlkj izkFkfedh izfrHkwfr ds vykok]<br />
i;kZIr ewY; dh vU; laikf'oZd izfrHkwfr dks fy;k tkrk gS] tks chek ikWfylh] vU;<br />
foØs; izfrHkwfr] vU; laifÙk ds ca/d ds :i esa gks ldrk gSA<br />
76
<strong>Lo</strong>.<strong>kZt</strong>;Urh <strong>xzke</strong> <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkj ;<strong>kstuk</strong><br />
,d ut+j esa<br />
vkjEHk<br />
‣ 01&04&1999 ls vkjEHk <strong>xzke</strong>h.k fu/Zukssa ds fy, <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkj dk lcls cM+k dk;ZØeA<br />
mís'; %<br />
‣ <strong>xzke</strong>h.k fu/Zuksa dks le;c¼ rjhds ls xjhch js[kk ls mQij ykukA<br />
dk;Zf<strong>of</strong>/ o fo'ks"krk,a<br />
‣ <strong>xzke</strong>h.k fu/Zuksa dh {kerk dk mi;ksx dj <strong>xzke</strong>h.k {ks=kksa esa cM+h l[;k esa NksVs&2 m|e LFkkfir<br />
djukA<br />
‣ ykHkkFkhZ ^<strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkjh* dgyk,xkA<br />
‣ lewg n`f"Vdks.k ij cyA<br />
‣ NksVs&NksVs m|ksxksa dh LFkkiuk gsrw ew[; fØ;kDykiksa o dke&/U/ksa (Key Activities) dk<br />
p;u o muds ladqy (DyLVj) dh LFkkiuk ij cyA<br />
‣ eq[; xfrf<strong>of</strong>/;ksa (dke&/U/ksa) gsrw ifj;<strong>kstuk</strong> n`f"Vdks.k (Project Approach) ij cyA<br />
‣ cqfu;knh lqfo/kvksa gsrw okf"kZd vkoaVu dk 20% rd izko/kuA<br />
‣ lewg ds lqn`
‣ cSadksa] rduhdh laLFkkvksa rFkk ykbZu foHkkxksa dh egÙoiw.kZ HkwfedkA<br />
‣ xSj&ljdkjh laxBuksa dh egÙoiw.kZ HkwfedkA<br />
‣ iapk;rh jkt laLFkkvksa dh egÙoiw.kZ HkwfedkA<br />
vuqnku<br />
‣ leku nj ij ifj;<strong>kstuk</strong> ykxr dk 30%, tks vf/dre 7500 :- gksxkA<br />
‣ vuqlwfpr tkfr@tutkfr@fodykaxksa ds fy, ifj;<strong>kstuk</strong> ykxr dk 50% tks vf/dre 10000<br />
:- gksxkA<br />
‣ lewg gsrw ifj;<strong>kstuk</strong> ykxr dk 50% ;k 1-25 yk[k :- ;k izfrO;fDr 10000 :-] tks Hkh<br />
de gksA<br />
‣ flapkbZ ifj;<strong>kstuk</strong> ds fy, dksbZ ekSfnzd lhek ughaA<br />
‣ nq:i;ksx jksdus ds fy, vuqnku dk ½.k ds le{k lek;kstu viukbZ xbZ lewg@O;fDrxr<br />
xfrf<strong>of</strong>/;kas ds liQy gksus ds i'pkr (Back-Ended Subsidy)<br />
‣ fo'ks"k ifj;<strong>kstuk</strong>vksa ds fy, 15% jkf'k dk dsUæ Lrj ij vkoaVuA<br />
‣ dsUnz o jkT; ljdkj }kjk 75 % 25 vuqikr esa foÙkiksf"krA<br />
78
dk;Z&dkS'ky fodkl izf'k{k.k<br />
izeq[k fo'ks"krk,a<br />
‣ ;g izf'k{k.k mu <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa dks fn;k tkrk gS ftudks vfrfjDr izf'k{k.k nsus dh t:jr gS<br />
vFkok ftuds orZeku dk;ZdkS'ky Lrj esa fodkl djuk t:jh gSA<br />
‣ bldk mís'; ;g lqfuf'pr djuk gS fd <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;ksa ds ikl U;wure rduhdh dkS'ky gSA<br />
‣ izf'k{k.k esa u, midj.kksa] izkS|ksfxdh] ewY;&lao¼Zu (oSY;w&,Mh'ku) rFkk xfrf<strong>of</strong>/ ds<br />
f<strong>of</strong>o/hdj.k] m|ferk&fodkl] foi.ku izca/u] iSdsftax] yscfyax vkfn izfØ;kvksa] dh<br />
tkudkjh nsdj izf'k{k.kkFkhZ dks dk;Z dq'ky o l{ke cukuk gSA<br />
‣ dkS'ky&fodkl izf'k{k.k dks liQyrkiwoZd iwjk djus ds ckn gh ½.k dk Hkqxrku djuk gSA<br />
‣ ,d lIrkg ls vf/d dh v<strong>of</strong>/ ds izf'k{k.k dk;ZØe ds vk;kstu ds fy, cSad vklku 'krks±<br />
ij ^lkÝV yksu* ds :i esa foÙkh; lgk;rk iznku dj ldrs gSaA<br />
‣ f<strong>of</strong>HkUu dk;ZDykiksa ds fy, dkS'ky fodkl izf'k{k.k dh v<strong>of</strong>/ dk fu/kZj.k jkT; ljdkj<br />
djsxh rkfd lHkh ftyksa esa dk;Z esa lekurk jgsaA<br />
‣ csfld vksfj;UVs'ku dk;ZØe vkSj dk;Z&dkS'ky fodkl izf'k{k.k ij dqy [kpZ 5000@& :-<br />
izfr izf'k{k.kkFkhZ ls vf/d ugh gksuk pkfg,A blesa cksfM±x ,oa ykWftax] fuokl LFkku ls<br />
izf'k{k.k laLFkku rd vkus&tkus dk ;krk;kr [kpZ] eq[; dkjhxj@O;olkf;d fo'ks"kK@<br />
lzksr&O;fDr@ izf'k{k.k ds fy, visf{kr dPpk eky o vè;;u&lkexzh@ izf'k{k.kkfFkZ;ksa gsrq<br />
eSU;qvy] lLaFkkxr izca/u (;fn dksbZ gks)] vkfn] dk [kpZ 'kkfey gSaA izf'k{k.k [kpZ ;fn<br />
5000@& :- izfr izf'k{k.kkFkhZ ls vf/d vkrk gS rks mls cSad }kjk <strong>Lo</strong>jkstxkfj;kss dks fn, x,<br />
lqyHk ½.k ls [kpZ djds iwjk fd;k tk ldrk gSaA<br />
79
ykbu foHkkxksa ds lg;ksx dh :i js[kk<br />
Ø- foHkkx dk uke lacaf/r dk;Z laHkkfor lsok<br />
1- d`f"k iQly mRiknu vkSj izkS|ksfxdh dh vko';drkvksa dks iwjk djuk]<br />
lqj{kk<br />
cht] [kkn] iQly lqj{kk] jlk;u [ksr midj.kksa<br />
vkfn] dh vkiwfrZ (lIykbZ)] d`f"k izca/u dk<br />
izf'k{k.k<br />
2- i'kqikyu Msjh] eqxhZikyu]<br />
cdjh] HksM+ vkfn<br />
dk ikyu<br />
ches ds fy, izek.khdj.k] d`f=ke xHkkZ/ku] i'kq<br />
fpfdRlk lsok] oSKkfud i¼fr;ksa dk izf'k{k.k]<br />
Msfj;ksa ds lg;ksx ls cktkj fuekZ.k esa lgk;rk<br />
3- js'ke mRiknu ddwu rFkk js'ke<br />
dk mRiknu<br />
eycsjh ikS/k&lkexzh dh lIykbZ o js'keh dhM+k]<br />
xzhust izkS|ksfxdh dks mRikndksa rd igqapkuk]<br />
izf'k{k.k rFkk ifjp;kRed nkSjs<br />
4- m|kfudh<br />
(gkWjfVdypj)<br />
5- ftyk m|ksx<br />
dsUæ<br />
6- [kknh o<br />
<strong>xzke</strong>ks|ksx<br />
iQy] lCth vkSj<br />
iq"i&mRiknu<br />
NksVs m|ksxksa dk<br />
izlkj<br />
[kknh o <strong>xzke</strong> rFkk<br />
dqVhj m|ksx<br />
izkS|ksfxdh dks mRikndksa rd igqapkuk] ikS/k<br />
lqj{kk] ubZ fdLe ds chtksa dh lIykbZ] fMªi o<br />
fNM+dko flapkbZ ds fy, foLrkj lsok,a]<br />
oSKkfud d`f"k izcU/u dk izf'k{k.k ,oa iQly<br />
ds ckn dh laj{k.k o ewY;&lao¼Zu fØ;k esa<br />
;ksxnku<br />
fodkl lEHkkoukvksa dk losZ{k.k] m|e'khyrk&<br />
fodkl dk;ZØeksa dk vk;kstu] izkS|ksfxdh<br />
(Vsduksyksth) fodkl ds fy, izf'k{k.k] xq.koÙkk<br />
fu;a=k.k] cktkj dh lEHkkoukvksa dh igpku<br />
foÙkh;] rduhdh rFkk cktkj (foi.ku) lgk;rk<br />
80