JoSS: Joy of Sharing Science No: 3

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Joy of Sharing Science“NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms.” National Cancer Institute,www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/gastrointestinal-tract.Quigley, Eamonn. “The Gut-Brain Axis and the Microbiome: Clues to Pathophysiology andOpportunities for Novel Management Strategies in Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS).” Journalof Clinical Medicine, vol. 7, no. 1, 2018, p. 6., doi:10.3390/jcm7010006.Rao, Meenakshi, and Michael D. Gershon. “The Bowel and beyond: the Enteric NervousSystem in Neurological Disorders.” Nature News, Nature Publishing Group, 20 July 2016,www.nature.com/articles/nrgastro.2016.107.“What Is IBS?” NHS Choices, NHS, 9 Oct. 2017, www.nhs.uk/conditions/irritable-bowelsyndrome-ibs/.
Your calculator is just abunch of electricalswitchesZanyar Oğurlu, Eda Toprak, Mehmet Ekin DoğanRevolutionized the electronics industry when it was invented in 1947,transistors play a huge role in most of the electronic devices today.They are the building blocks of many integrated circuits and are crucialfor logical operations. For simplicity, we are not going to discuss everytype of transistor but the first invented model called bipolar junctiontransistor (BJT); however, we must also take into account that they arenot the most commonly used type of transistor. That title goes tometal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) which isfar easier to mass-manufacture.As you can see in the picture a BJT transistor has three legs, labeled asE (Emitter), B (Base), and C (Collector) which are classified into two: P,the material with fewer electrons or more ‘holes’ and N, the materialwith more electrons or less ‘holes’ (The term ‘hole’ is used to representa missing electron.) The material with more holes is more positivecompared to its counterpart. In the PNP type of transistor, the current’sdirection won’t be aligned with the movement of electrons butmovement of holes. These P and N materials are arranged in suchways that make the transistor function as if it was an electrical switch.
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JoSS: Joy of Sharing Science No: 3

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