Richness of common names of Brazilian reef fishes - PanamJAS
Richness of common names of Brazilian reef fishes - PanamJAS
Richness of common names of Brazilian reef fishes - PanamJAS
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<strong>Richness</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>reef</strong> <strong>fishes</strong><br />
KÁTIA MEIRELLES FELIZOLA FREIRE 1 & ALFREDO CARVALHO FILHO 2<br />
1 Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Departamento de Oceanografia, Praia de Mãe Luíza S/N, Mãe Luíza,<br />
Natal-Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, 59014-100. Email: kfreire2006@yahoo.com.br<br />
2 Fish Bizz Ltda., Rua Moncorvo Filho 51, São Paulo, Brazil, 05424-070. Email: alfie@telnet.com.br<br />
Abstract. The richness <strong>of</strong> <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>reef</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> is high (7.2 <strong>names</strong> per species)<br />
and mostly so if the species are commercially important. The high richness <strong>of</strong> <strong>names</strong> for easily<br />
seen species such as <strong>reef</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> represents one <strong>of</strong> the Berlin’s attributes leading to the naming<br />
process <strong>of</strong> living things. The attribute ‘size’ was also tested and indicated that species <strong>of</strong><br />
intermediate size receive more <strong>names</strong> than smaller or larger ones. These <strong>names</strong> have several<br />
origins, but come mainly from Latin or native languages (Tupi/Tupi-Guarani). Several categories<br />
<strong>of</strong> words are used in these <strong>names</strong> as core or modifiers: non-fish animals, morphology, plants,<br />
persons, color pattern, behavior, taste/smell, habitat/ecology, size, and locality/area. A list <strong>of</strong><br />
unique <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> is proposed for all 547 <strong>reef</strong> fish species found in Brazil based on the<br />
available array <strong>of</strong> <strong>names</strong>. We suggest these <strong>names</strong> are used whenever cited in a national context.<br />
Key words: <strong>common</strong> name, folk nomenclature, Berlin’s attributes<br />
Resumo. Riqueza de nomes comuns de peixes recifais brasileiros. A riqueza de nomes comuns<br />
de peixes recifais brasileiros é elevada (7,2 nomes por espécie), principalmente para espécies que<br />
são comercialmente importantes. A elevada riqueza de nomes de espécies facilmente visíveis<br />
como as de peixes recifais representa um dos atributos de Berlin que leva ao processo de<br />
atribuição de nomes às coisas vivas. O atributo ‘tamanho’ foi também testado e indicou que<br />
espécies de tamanho intermediário recebem mais nomes do que espécies menores ou maiores.<br />
Estes nomes têm várias origens, mas vêm principalmente do Latim ou de línguas nativas<br />
(Tupi/Tupi-Guarani). Muitas categorias de palavras são usadas nestes nomes, como núcleo ou<br />
como modificadores: outro animal que não peixe, morfologia, planta, pessoa, padrão de cor,<br />
comportamento, sabor/cheiro, habitat/ecologia, tamanho e localidade/área. Uma lista de nomes<br />
comuns únicos é proposta para todas as 547 espécies de peixes recifais encontradas no Brasil<br />
baseada nos nomes disponíveis. Sugerimos que esses nomes sejam usados sempre que forem<br />
citados em um contexto nacional.<br />
Palavras-Chave: nome comum, nomenclatura popular, atributos de Berlin<br />
Introduction<br />
The first main effort to standardize scientific<br />
<strong>names</strong> <strong>of</strong> living beings according to the binomial<br />
nomenclature introduced by Linneaus goes back to<br />
1842 with the production <strong>of</strong> the Strickland Code<br />
(Minelli 1999). Since then several documents were<br />
produced, culminating, for animals, with the fourth<br />
edition <strong>of</strong> the International Code <strong>of</strong> Zoological<br />
Nomenclature in 2000. This represents an attempt to<br />
decrease the incidence <strong>of</strong> synonymy (two or more<br />
<strong>names</strong> for the same species) and homonymy (same<br />
name for more than one species). For <strong>fishes</strong>, the<br />
main effort to update scientific nomenclature is by<br />
Pan-American Journal <strong>of</strong> Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145<br />
William N. Eschmeyer in his three volumes<br />
published in 1998, which have been continuously<br />
updated online (Eschmeyer 2008).<br />
Even though the scientific nomenclature is<br />
intended to facilitate communication among<br />
different cultures and languages, it is almost<br />
restricted to the academic realm. Common <strong>names</strong><br />
are used by local communities, commercial and<br />
recreational fishers, divers, in restaurants, by<br />
aquarists, in fisheries statistics, and in legislation, in<br />
some cases in association with the corresponding<br />
scientific <strong>names</strong>, but most <strong>of</strong> the times as a standing<br />
alone identification. These different groups may use
<strong>Richness</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>reef</strong> <strong>fishes</strong><br />
different <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> that also reflect local<br />
culture. This poses some problems when dealing<br />
with species at a national level.<br />
North America recognized the importance <strong>of</strong><br />
dealing with standard <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> a long time<br />
ago, and published the first list <strong>of</strong> standardized<br />
English <strong>names</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> for that region in 1948.<br />
Since then, there has been a continuous effort on this<br />
matter, culminating with the sixth edition <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>common</strong> and scientific <strong>names</strong> <strong>of</strong> North American<br />
<strong>fishes</strong>, extending the coverage to include species<br />
occurring in Mexican waters (Nelson et al. 2004).<br />
Similar effort was undertaken in Portugal, leading to<br />
a list <strong>of</strong> <strong>common</strong> and scientific <strong>names</strong> for aquatic<br />
organisms found in Portuguese waters (Sanches<br />
1989). The Food and Agriculture Organization<br />
(FAO) has also put some effort into the<br />
standardization <strong>of</strong> <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> <strong>of</strong> commercial<br />
species around the world in its three <strong>of</strong>ficial<br />
languages (English, French and Spanish) (Garibaldi<br />
& Busilacchi 2002).<br />
Brazil is well known for its cultural diversity<br />
and this is also reflected in the richness <strong>of</strong> <strong>common</strong><br />
<strong>names</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>fishes</strong>. This richness called the attention <strong>of</strong><br />
William A. Gosline in the 1940s (Gerald R. Smith,<br />
Univ. Michigan, Museum <strong>of</strong> Zoology, MI, USA,<br />
pers. comm.) and has been constantly cited in<br />
several sources (see, e.g.,Welcomme et al. 1979). It<br />
was not until Freire & Pauly (2003) that a<br />
quantification for this richness was made available<br />
in a national scale, indicating that in average six<br />
<strong>names</strong> are used for each marine fish species in<br />
Brazil, with a maximum <strong>of</strong> 31 <strong>names</strong> used for one<br />
species. Homonymy is also <strong>common</strong>. Freire (2006)<br />
also found a high richness <strong>of</strong> <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> for<br />
freshwater fish species in Brazil (three <strong>common</strong><br />
<strong>names</strong> per species, based on a smaller database <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>names</strong>), with a maximum <strong>of</strong> 30 <strong>names</strong> for one<br />
species. There has been no known initiative to<br />
standardize the <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>fishes</strong><br />
using the variety available.<br />
The growing concern with biodiversity loss<br />
and the effect <strong>of</strong> anthropogenic activities on<br />
biodiversity stress the importance <strong>of</strong> assessing<br />
taxonomic adequacy (Vecchione et al. 2000). The<br />
bad effect <strong>of</strong> the misidentification associated with<br />
<strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> recorded in national fishery<br />
statistics should also not be underestimated (Freire<br />
& Pauly 2005). This work presents an assessment <strong>of</strong><br />
the richness <strong>of</strong> <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> for <strong>reef</strong> and <strong>reef</strong>associated<br />
fish species, and will provide an initial<br />
list <strong>of</strong> unique <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> for these species.<br />
Hopefully this initiative will trigger a more<br />
comprehensive movement towards the use <strong>of</strong> similar<br />
process for all other fish species in Brazil.<br />
Materials and Methods<br />
All <strong>names</strong> compiled in the database<br />
(NAMEDAT) presented here originate from 43 local<br />
lists <strong>of</strong> <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> extending from the<br />
state <strong>of</strong> Pará to the state <strong>of</strong> Rio Grande do Sul, and<br />
for more than 50 years (from 1953 to 2004): FAO<br />
(1953), Barcellos (1962), Brandão (1964), Ihering<br />
(1968), Eskinazi-Leça (1967), Mutti Pedreira<br />
(1971), Anon. (1976), SUDENE (1976), Carvalho &<br />
Branco (1977), CEPA-MA (1978), Figueiredo<br />
(1977), Figueiredo & Menezes (1978), Lima &<br />
Oliveira (1978), Rosa (1980), Menezes &<br />
Figueiredo (1980), Figueiredo & Menezes (1980),<br />
Chao et al. (1982), Paiva (1981), Santos (1982),<br />
Nomura (1984), Menezes & Figueiredo (1985),<br />
Suzuki (1986), Godoy (1987), Martins-Juras (1987),<br />
Soares (1988), Begossi (1989), Lopes (1989),<br />
Begossi & Figueiredo (1995), Ferreira et al. (1998),<br />
Santos et al. (1998), Carvalho-Filho (1999), Ferreira<br />
(1999), Rocha & Costa (1999), CEPENE (2000),<br />
Figueiredo & Menezes (2000), Szpilman (2000),<br />
Ferreira & Cava (2001), Ávila da Silva & Carneiro<br />
(2003), Ramires & Barrella (2003),<br />
UNIVALI/CTTMar (2004), Sampaio & Nottingham<br />
(2008), Mário Barletta (pers. comm., Universidade<br />
Federal de Pernambuco, Brazil), and Cláudio<br />
Sampaio (pers. comm., Museu de Zoologia da<br />
Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brazil). This<br />
database is based on an extension <strong>of</strong> a previous work<br />
by the first author for marine and estuarine <strong>fishes</strong> in<br />
Brazil (Freire & Pauly 2005) that currently includes<br />
a total <strong>of</strong> 4,649 <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> referring to 734<br />
marine and estuarine species (63%) <strong>of</strong> a total <strong>of</strong><br />
1,168 listed in FishBase, a global electronic<br />
encyclopedia <strong>of</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> (Froese & Pauly 2008).<br />
A total <strong>of</strong> 547 <strong>reef</strong> or <strong>reef</strong>-associated fish<br />
species (here after referred only as ‘<strong>reef</strong> species’) are<br />
recorded to date in <strong>Brazilian</strong> waters. Within the<br />
context <strong>of</strong> this study, <strong>reef</strong> is defined as any and all<br />
formation built-up <strong>of</strong> consolidated bottoms, <strong>of</strong><br />
organic or inorganic origin, and which top is no<br />
deeper than 30 m from the surface in the lowest tide<br />
known for that geographic area. For the fish fauna<br />
named as “<strong>reef</strong> fish”, the ecological niche also<br />
includes the sandy and/or rubble bottom<br />
immediately adjacent to a distance <strong>of</strong> 20 m from the<br />
ecotone. Thus, any fish species that uses the <strong>reef</strong> or<br />
its adjacencies for any activity, including shelter,<br />
feeding, reproduction, growth, cleaning or passage,<br />
is considered as <strong>reef</strong> fish.<br />
The richness <strong>of</strong> <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> for all <strong>reef</strong><br />
species was calculated in terms <strong>of</strong> synonyms<br />
(number <strong>of</strong> <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> for each species). An<br />
indication <strong>of</strong> the degree in which one fish species<br />
shares the same name (homonyms) was also given.<br />
Pan-American Journal <strong>of</strong> Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145<br />
97
98<br />
For comparison purposes, this analysis was<br />
performed for all <strong>reef</strong> or <strong>reef</strong>-associated fish species<br />
and compared with other fish species.<br />
The analysis <strong>of</strong> the <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> included<br />
origin <strong>of</strong> <strong>names</strong>, descriptors used in the core <strong>of</strong> the<br />
name and as first and second modifiers, relation to<br />
commercial importance and size. The origin <strong>of</strong> the<br />
<strong>names</strong> was defined based on Tibiriçá (1984), Bueno<br />
(1998), Ferreira (1999), and Cunha (2001).<br />
Information on habitat, fish size, and English<br />
<strong>common</strong> name was obtained from FishBase (Froese<br />
& Pauly 2008) and local commercial importance<br />
from Carvalho-Filho (1999), Szpilman (2000),<br />
FISHTEC (2003), Espírito Santo (2005), Gasparini<br />
et al. (2005), and SEAP/PROZEE/IBAMA (2006).<br />
Commercial importance was defined based on the<br />
interest for food consumption and/or for aquarists.<br />
Catch data were obtained from an extension <strong>of</strong> the<br />
database compiled by Freire (2003), based on<br />
national bulletins, and represent an average for the<br />
period from 1995 to 2000.<br />
For the standardization <strong>of</strong> <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong>, a<br />
unique name was chosen using an initial list <strong>of</strong><br />
species with only one name available. Then, we<br />
dealt first with species having increasingly higher<br />
richness <strong>of</strong> <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong>, i.e., with species with<br />
only 2 <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong>, 3, 4, and so on. Emphasis<br />
was given in the first stage to species <strong>of</strong> commercial<br />
importance, which would contribute to improvement<br />
in the recording system <strong>of</strong> catch statistics. In cases<br />
where <strong>names</strong> were not available, they were<br />
borrowed from the list <strong>of</strong> Portuguese <strong>names</strong><br />
assembled by Sanches (1989), translated from other<br />
languages to Portuguese, or created based on the<br />
criteria used for existing <strong>names</strong>. We also made use<br />
<strong>of</strong> criteria defined in Robins et al. (1991) for North<br />
American <strong>fishes</strong> (updated in Nelson et al. 2004).<br />
Preference was given to simple and descriptive<br />
<strong>names</strong>. Names tied to scientific <strong>names</strong>, the ones that<br />
include the word ‘<strong>common</strong>’, and <strong>names</strong> that honour<br />
people or were <strong>of</strong>fensive were avoided. The spelling<br />
available in the most widely used Portuguese<br />
dictionary in Brazil – Aurélio (Ferreira 1999) was<br />
used. Two additional criteria were used: no inclusion<br />
<strong>of</strong> hyphens (to avoid different spellings) and<br />
capitalization <strong>of</strong> the first letter <strong>of</strong> the <strong>common</strong> name.<br />
Names that have been cited in more publications and<br />
used in more <strong>Brazilian</strong> states were given priority.<br />
Finally, the diversity <strong>of</strong> origin languages was kept as<br />
much as possible, including native and African<br />
languages.<br />
Results<br />
Quantifying the richness <strong>of</strong> the <strong>common</strong><br />
<strong>names</strong>. No <strong>common</strong> name was found for 175 out <strong>of</strong><br />
Pan-American Journal <strong>of</strong> Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145<br />
FREIRE & CARVALHO FILHO<br />
the 547 fish species recognized as <strong>reef</strong> or <strong>reef</strong>associated.<br />
It is worth pointing out that about 41% <strong>of</strong><br />
those were not associated with any English name,<br />
according to FishBase. Many <strong>of</strong> the unamed species<br />
were criptic (76 out <strong>of</strong> 117 criptic species) or<br />
nocturnal (6 out <strong>of</strong> 10).<br />
The degree <strong>of</strong> synonymy among <strong>reef</strong> species<br />
was very high, with 7.2 <strong>names</strong> per species in average<br />
(excluding those unnamed species). This degree will<br />
probably get higher the more sources <strong>of</strong> <strong>names</strong> are<br />
used in the database. Reef species had a higher<br />
degree <strong>of</strong> synonymy as evidenced by a higher<br />
number <strong>of</strong> species with more <strong>names</strong> and lesser<br />
number <strong>of</strong> species with only one name (Fig. 1). For<br />
criptic species, the degree <strong>of</strong> synonymy was much<br />
lower: 2.8 <strong>names</strong> per species in average. One has to<br />
consider that these mean values actually represent<br />
minimum averages <strong>of</strong> <strong>names</strong>’ richness, as they will<br />
probably increase the more sources are incorporated<br />
in the <strong>names</strong>’ database.<br />
a) 140<br />
120<br />
100<br />
80<br />
60<br />
40<br />
20<br />
0<br />
b)<br />
10000<br />
1000<br />
100<br />
Reef<br />
Others<br />
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50<br />
Number <strong>of</strong> <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong><br />
10<br />
1<br />
Reefs<br />
Others<br />
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20<br />
Number <strong>of</strong> species<br />
Figure 1. Nomenclatural richness <strong>of</strong> <strong>Brazilian</strong> marine<br />
<strong>fishes</strong> (<strong>reef</strong> and other non-<strong>reef</strong> species): a) frequency <strong>of</strong><br />
scientific species that have one to forty-six <strong>common</strong><br />
<strong>names</strong> (synonymy); b) frequency <strong>of</strong> <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> that<br />
correspond to one to twenty scientific species<br />
(homonymy).<br />
Three species presented 30 or more <strong>common</strong><br />
<strong>names</strong>: Opisthonema oglinum (38), Carangoides<br />
crysos (34), and Bathygobius soporator (30). Details<br />
on the complexity <strong>of</strong> <strong>names</strong> (and synonymy) are<br />
presented for one species, C. crysos (Fig. 2). Note<br />
that some <strong>of</strong> these <strong>names</strong> are only different spellings<br />
<strong>of</strong> the same word: garujuba, guarajuba, and
<strong>Richness</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>reef</strong> <strong>fishes</strong><br />
garajuba; guaraçu and guaracu; guaraçuma,<br />
guarassuma, and guaraxuma; and xarelete, xalerete,<br />
xerelete, xererete, and xereleté. Nine <strong>of</strong> these<br />
<strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> were associated with records in<br />
fishery statistics (according with the database<br />
compiled by Freire, 2003): garajuba, graçainha,<br />
guaricema, guaracema, xaréu, taguara, xerelete,<br />
Cavaca [0]<br />
Cavaco [1]<br />
Chumberga [0]<br />
Garajuba preta [0]<br />
Garujuba [0]<br />
Guarajuba [3]<br />
Guaraçu [0]<br />
Guaracu [0]<br />
Guarainha [0]<br />
Guaraçuma [1]<br />
Guarassuma [1]<br />
Xarelete [3]<br />
Guaraxuma [0]<br />
Xalerete [0]<br />
Manezinho [1]<br />
Xaréu branco [4]<br />
Xaréu amarelo [1]<br />
Non-commercial <strong>names</strong><br />
Carapau [11]<br />
Oligoplites saurus {15}<br />
Carangoides bartholomaei {3}<br />
Caranx latus {16}<br />
Caranx lugubris {7}<br />
Caranx hippos {21}<br />
Alectis ciliaris {23}<br />
Pseudocaranx dentex {2}<br />
xixarro, and solteira (Fig. 2). Twenty-five <strong>of</strong> them<br />
were not associated with any catch record. Sixteen<br />
out <strong>of</strong> the 34 <strong>names</strong> were related to no other species<br />
than C. crysos: cavaca, chumberga, garajuba preta,<br />
garujuba, guaraçu, guaracu, guarainha, guaraxuma,<br />
xalerete, graçainha, taguara, xaréu dourado, xaréu<br />
pequeno, xererete, xereleté, and xumberga.<br />
Figure 2. Portuguese <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> associated with Carangoides crysos in Brazil. Names associated with catch<br />
records are presented in the top-right. Mean annual catches (only for years with positive record) for commercial <strong>names</strong><br />
are presented in parentheses (tonnes).The number <strong>of</strong> additional species associated with each <strong>common</strong> name is presented<br />
in brackets. The number <strong>of</strong> <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> associated with each species (besides the ones shown) is presented in<br />
braces. Gray boxes indicate <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> not related to any species other than C. crysos.<br />
Origin <strong>of</strong> the <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong>. The highest<br />
number <strong>of</strong> <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> used to describe<br />
<strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>reef</strong> or <strong>reef</strong>-associated <strong>fishes</strong> come from<br />
Latin (37%), followed by Tupi/Tupi-Guarani (30%),<br />
and <strong>Brazilian</strong>ism (15%) (Table I). <strong>Brazilian</strong>ism is<br />
defined as ‘word created by <strong>Brazilian</strong>s’ (Ferreira<br />
1999). Spanish, Greek, Arabic, and African together<br />
represent 15% <strong>of</strong> all <strong>names</strong>. Native languages<br />
correspond to 1% <strong>of</strong> all <strong>names</strong> and may include<br />
Tupi/Tupi-Guarani. However, the sources used did<br />
not indicate the specific language. One should<br />
consider that there are about 187 living native<br />
languages in Brazil, some <strong>of</strong> them spoken by only a<br />
dozen <strong>of</strong> people (SIL International, 2008). The<br />
influence <strong>of</strong> African languages in this field is very<br />
low compared to other fields.<br />
Carangoides crysos {34}<br />
Carangoides ruber {3}<br />
Chloroscombrus chrysurus {16}<br />
Selar crumenophthalmus {10}<br />
Trachurus lathami {6}<br />
Decapterus macarellus {11}<br />
Decapterus punctatus {7}<br />
Eucinostomus gula {13}<br />
Thyrsitops lepidopoides {4}<br />
Hemicaranx amblyrhynchus {7}<br />
Xaréu xixá [1]<br />
Aspistor luniscutis {36}<br />
Xixarro pintado [1]<br />
Commercial <strong>names</strong><br />
Garajuba (1854) [4]<br />
Graçainha (2) [0]<br />
Guaricema (802) [3]<br />
Guaracema (289) [2]<br />
Xaréu (3195) [4]<br />
Taguara (9) [0]<br />
Xerelete (1992) [2]<br />
Xixarro (2860) [7]<br />
Solteira (85) [5]<br />
Oligoplites saliens {11}<br />
Oligoplites saurus {15}<br />
Parona signata {14}<br />
Trachinotus carolinus {19}<br />
Trachinotus marginatus {2}<br />
Xaréu dourado [0]<br />
Xaréu pequeno [0]<br />
Xererete [0]<br />
Xereleté [0]<br />
Xumberga [0]<br />
Table I. Origin <strong>of</strong> the <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>reef</strong><br />
<strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>fishes</strong>.<br />
Origin Count %<br />
Latin 898 37<br />
Tupi/Tupi-Guarani 717 30<br />
<strong>Brazilian</strong>ism 329 14<br />
Spanish 121 5<br />
Greek 114 5<br />
Arabic 79 3<br />
African 48 2<br />
Native 29 1<br />
Others 84 3<br />
Total 2419 100<br />
Descriptors used for the <strong>names</strong>. Names <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> are formed by a single word or by a<br />
Pan-American Journal <strong>of</strong> Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145<br />
99
100<br />
composite <strong>of</strong> up to four words. The first word (or<br />
core) represents mainly primary lexemes, followed<br />
by non-fish animal, morphology, plant, person<br />
Relative frequency (%)<br />
50<br />
40<br />
30<br />
20<br />
10<br />
0<br />
primary lexeme<br />
non-fish animal<br />
morphology<br />
inanimate object<br />
plant<br />
person (generic)<br />
Pan-American Journal <strong>of</strong> Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145<br />
FREIRE & CARVALHO FILHO<br />
(generic), color pattern, behavior, and person<br />
(specific) (Fig. 3). Taste/smell, habitat/ecology, size,<br />
and locality/area are not <strong>common</strong>ly used as core.<br />
Figure 3. Relative frequency <strong>of</strong> each descriptor used in the core, modifier 1 and modifier 2 for <strong>reef</strong> and <strong>reef</strong>-associated<br />
<strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>fishes</strong>.<br />
Effect <strong>of</strong> commercial importance and<br />
size. Species <strong>of</strong> commercial interest had an average<br />
<strong>of</strong> 8.2 <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> per species and noncommercial<br />
species had a lower synonymy rate<br />
(4.6). Figure 4 indicated that species <strong>of</strong> no<br />
commercial interest were usually small and had less<br />
than 15 <strong>names</strong> per species (with Bathygobius<br />
soporator being an exception, with 30 <strong>common</strong><br />
<strong>names</strong>). Species <strong>of</strong> commercial interest were larger<br />
and had a wider range <strong>of</strong> <strong>names</strong>. Many species had<br />
more than 15 <strong>names</strong>, with a maximum <strong>of</strong> 38 <strong>names</strong><br />
No. <strong>of</strong> <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong><br />
40<br />
30<br />
20<br />
10<br />
0<br />
other<br />
for Opisthonema oglinum. It is interesting to point<br />
out that very large species had few <strong>names</strong> resulting<br />
in an asymmetry in the relationship between degree<br />
<strong>of</strong> synonymy and size. A total <strong>of</strong> 68% <strong>of</strong> the species<br />
with no <strong>common</strong> name for which size information<br />
was available were smaller than 0.20 m. Only seven<br />
species with no name were larger than 1 m:<br />
Callechelys bilinearis, Channomuraena vittata,<br />
Himantura schmardae, Mobula japonica, Mobula<br />
tarapacana, Mobula thurstoni, and Muraena<br />
melanotis.<br />
Figure 4. Relationship between the number <strong>of</strong> <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> and the maximum size <strong>of</strong> each <strong>reef</strong> species. Closed<br />
diamonds indicate species <strong>of</strong> no commercial interest and open squares indicate commercial species (food or aquarium<br />
trade). Note that one non-commercial species 20 m long (with three <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong>) was removed from the graph to<br />
better represent the remaining species (Rhincodon typus) .<br />
color pattern<br />
behavior<br />
person (specific)<br />
taste/smell<br />
Core<br />
Modifier 1<br />
Modifier 2<br />
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8<br />
Total length (m)<br />
habitat/ecology<br />
size<br />
locality/area<br />
mod. for abundance
<strong>Richness</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>reef</strong> <strong>fishes</strong><br />
A total <strong>of</strong> 87 species included in this<br />
database are in the ornamental trade. These species<br />
were associated to a mean number <strong>of</strong> 4.8 <strong>common</strong><br />
<strong>names</strong>, which was smaller than the average <strong>of</strong><br />
No. <strong>of</strong> <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong><br />
25<br />
20<br />
15<br />
10<br />
5<br />
0<br />
101<br />
7.2 for <strong>reef</strong> species in general. These species were<br />
mainly smaller than 1 m and those species with<br />
no <strong>common</strong> name were very small (6-10 cm;<br />
Fig. 5).<br />
0 50 100 150<br />
Total length (cm)<br />
200 250 300<br />
Figure 5: Relationship between the number <strong>of</strong> <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> and the maximum size <strong>of</strong> each <strong>reef</strong> fish species for<br />
ornamental trade.<br />
Standardization <strong>of</strong> <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong>. Only<br />
seven species <strong>of</strong> <strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>reef</strong> <strong>fishes</strong> had a<br />
unique <strong>common</strong> name that refers to no other<br />
species in the database compiled here (Table II).<br />
The remaining species had more than one<br />
<strong>common</strong> name or shared the same name with<br />
other species. To overcome this confusion, a list<br />
was created containing all <strong>names</strong> linked to<br />
each species and a unique <strong>common</strong> name was<br />
proposed for each one <strong>of</strong> the 547 <strong>reef</strong> species<br />
occurring in Brazil (Table III). These unique<br />
<strong>names</strong> indicate that only one <strong>common</strong> name was<br />
used for each species and that name was not shared<br />
with any other species.<br />
Table II. List <strong>of</strong> <strong>reef</strong> species presenting one unique <strong>common</strong> name in Brazil, based in the sources presented<br />
here and included on NAMEDAT.<br />
Species Portuguese name English name<br />
Carcharhinus signatus Cação noturno Night shark<br />
Conger triporiceps Congro dentão Manytooth conger<br />
Dactyloscopus tridigittatus Tanduju mirim Sand stargazer<br />
Entomacrodus vomerinus Macaco pérola ―<br />
Haemulon chrysargyreum Cocoroca boquinha Smallmouth grunt<br />
Muraena retifera Moréia de roseta Reticulate moray<br />
Negaprion brevirostris Cação limão Lemon shark<br />
Discussion<br />
The degree <strong>of</strong> synonymy was high among<br />
<strong>reef</strong> species in Brazil. This corroborates one <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Berlin’s principles: species that are more visible<br />
(such as <strong>reef</strong> species) are more prone to be named<br />
(Berlin 1992). However, several <strong>reef</strong> species had no<br />
name, which indicates that not only the habitat,<br />
associated to the ease <strong>of</strong> access, is important in the<br />
naming process. Other factors also play a role and<br />
are discussed below.<br />
Commercial importance has been stated<br />
as one <strong>of</strong> the Berlin’s attributes leading to the<br />
naming process <strong>of</strong> plants and animals (Berlin<br />
1992). It is related to the utilitarian concept<br />
defended by Hunn (1982), and was demonstrated<br />
for Philippines <strong>fishes</strong> by Palomares & Pauly<br />
(1999) and for <strong>Brazilian</strong> marine <strong>fishes</strong> by<br />
Freire & Pauly (2005). We analyzed the influence<br />
<strong>of</strong> the commercial importance on the richness<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>reef</strong> fish species occurring<br />
in Brazil and found that the degree <strong>of</strong> synonymy<br />
is much higher for commercialspecies (8.2<br />
<strong>names</strong> per species) than for non-commercial<br />
species (4.6).<br />
Pan-American Journal <strong>of</strong> Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145
Table III. List <strong>of</strong> all <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> associated with <strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>reef</strong> fish species and their unique name chosen according to the source presented.<br />
102<br />
SOURCE<br />
UNIQUE NAME<br />
COMMON NAMES<br />
SPECIES<br />
Nº<br />
Carvalho-Filho (1999)<br />
Carapiá<br />
Agulha, Agulha fita, Agulha pintada, Carapiá, Zambaia taba<br />
Ablennes hians<br />
1<br />
Carvalho-Filho (1999)<br />
Sargento<br />
Acará da pedra, Camisa de meia, Camiseta, Cará das pedras,<br />
Carapiaçaba, Carapicu, Castanheta, Maria mole, Oá, Palhaço, Peixe<br />
sargento, Querê querê, Querquerê, Saberé, Saberê, Salema feiticeira,<br />
Sargento, Sinhá rosa, Soldado moura, Tinhuma, Tinhuna, Viuvinha<br />
Abudefduf saxatilis<br />
2<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
Senhor de engenho<br />
Badejo, Garoupa, Garoupa senhor de engenho, Mero, Senhor de engenho,<br />
Serigado focinhudo, Serigado mero<br />
Acanthistius brasilianus<br />
3<br />
Carvalho-Filho (1999)<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
IBAMA Inst. Normativa<br />
14/2004<br />
Acanthistius<br />
Badejo argentino, Badejo do sul<br />
Badejo do sul<br />
patachonicus<br />
Acanthocybium solandri Aimpim, Cavala, Cavala aimpim, Cavala aipi, Cavala aipim, Cavala Cavala aipim<br />
empinge, Cavala impim, Cavala pim, Cavala wahoo, Guarapicu,<br />
Guarapucu, Wahoo<br />
Acanthostracion Baiacu caixão, C<strong>of</strong>re, Peixe c<strong>of</strong>re, Peixe c<strong>of</strong>re colméia, Peixe vaca Peixe c<strong>of</strong>re colméia<br />
polygonia<br />
4<br />
5<br />
6<br />
Pan-American Journal <strong>of</strong> Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145<br />
Carvalho-Filho (1999)<br />
Freire, pers. comm.<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
FREIRE & CARVALHO FILHO<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
Baiacu caixão, Baiacú chifrudo, Baiacu de chifre, Chifrudo, C<strong>of</strong>re de C<strong>of</strong>re de chifre<br />
chifre, Peixe boi, Peixe c<strong>of</strong>re, Peixe c<strong>of</strong>re riscado, Peixe vaca, Taoca,<br />
Taóca, Toaca<br />
Acaraúna azul e preta, Bahianus, Barbeiro, Cirurgião, Lanceta, Peixe Acaraúna cinza<br />
cirurgião<br />
Acaraúna, Acaraúna preta, Barbeiro, Barbeiro comum, Carauna, Caraúna, Acaraúna preta<br />
Caraúna preta, Cirurgião, Lanceta, Peixe cirurgião, Peixe doutor<br />
Acara úna, Acaraúna azul, Acaraúna azul e preta, Acaraúna preta, Acaraúna azul<br />
Barbeiro, Barbeiro azul, Caraúna azul, Cirurgião azul, Lanceta, Peixe<br />
cirurgião, Peixe doutor<br />
Acanthostracion<br />
quadricornis<br />
7<br />
Acanthurus bahianus<br />
8<br />
Acanthurus chirurgus<br />
9<br />
Acanthurus coeruleus<br />
10<br />
Rangel, pers. comm.**<br />
Cirurgião de espinho<br />
amarelo<br />
NENHUM<br />
Acanthurus monroviae<br />
11<br />
Anon. (1976)<br />
Aramaçá, Aramaçá tapa, Linguado, Maraçapeba, Sôia, Solha, Solha Aramaçá tapa<br />
redonda, Tapa<br />
Achirus lineatus<br />
12
<strong>Richness</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>reef</strong> <strong>fishes</strong><br />
Table III. List <strong>of</strong> all <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> associated with <strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>reef</strong> fish species and their unique name chosen according to the source presented (cont.).<br />
SOURCE<br />
UNIQUE NAME<br />
COMMON NAMES<br />
SPECIES<br />
Nº<br />
Rangel & Carvalho-<br />
Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Ventosa esmeralda<br />
NENHUM<br />
Acyrtops beryllina<br />
13<br />
Sampaio, pers.<br />
comm.***<br />
Carvalho-Filho (1999)<br />
Limpa vidro de noronha<br />
NENHUM<br />
Acyrtus pauciradiatus<br />
14<br />
Mod. from Carvalho-<br />
Filho (1999)<br />
Ajeru, Ajuru, Arraia morcego, Arraia pintada, Cação anjo, Narinari, Raia chita<br />
Papagaio, Pintada, Raia chita, Raia leopardo, Raia pintada<br />
Enguia, Moréia, Muriongo<br />
Muriongo amarelo<br />
Aetobatus narinari<br />
15<br />
Ahlia egmontis<br />
16<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers.<br />
comm.<br />
Mod. from Nomura<br />
(1984)<br />
Juruna mirim<br />
Ubarana, Ubarana focinho de rato<br />
Albula nemoptera<br />
17<br />
Carvalho-Filho (1999)<br />
Mod. from Suzuki (1986)<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
Carvalho Filho & Freire,<br />
pers. comm.<br />
Álbula, Arabaiana boca de rato, Bicudo, Focinho de rato, Juruma, Juruna, Juruna açú<br />
Obarana, Obarana focinho de rato, Obarana rato, Parati mico, Peixe rato,<br />
Ratão, Robalo da pedra, Tubarana, Ubarana, Ubarana boca de rato,<br />
Ubarana do norte, Ubarana focinho de rato, Ubarana mirim, Ubarana<br />
rato, Ubarana roliça, Urubaiana boca de rato<br />
Abacataia, Abacatina, Abacatuaia, Abacatuia, Abacatúxia, Abacutaia, Xaréu branco<br />
Aleto, Aracaguira, Aracambé, Aracanguira, Aracangüira, Aranguira,<br />
Galo, Galo bandeira, Galo de capacho, Galo do alto, Galo fita, Galo<br />
pluma, Galo rabudo, Peixe galo, Peixe galo do Brasil, Xaréu bandeira,<br />
Xaréu branco, Xaréu penacho<br />
Cação macaco, Cação pena, Cação raposa, Rabilongo, Rabudo, Raposa, Tubarão raposa comum<br />
Tubarão raposa<br />
Aruçapeba, Badejo, Cerigado vermelho, Garaçapé, Garoupa, Garoupa Pirapiranga<br />
gato, Garoupa rajada, Gato, Peixe gato, Pira piranga, Pirá piranga,<br />
Pirapiranga, Ruçapeba, Sapa, Sapá, Sapé, Sapé pintado, Sapê pintado,<br />
Serigado vermelho, Sulalepa, Sulapeba<br />
Peixe porco<br />
Gudunho serrilhado<br />
Albula vulpes<br />
18<br />
Alectis ciliaris<br />
19<br />
Alopias vulpinus<br />
20<br />
Alphestes afer<br />
21<br />
Aluterus heudelotii<br />
22<br />
103<br />
Mod. from Nomura<br />
(1984)<br />
Cangulo, Cângulo, Cangulo comum, Gudunho, Peixe porco, Peixe rato, Gudunho comum<br />
Perua, Pirá acá<br />
Aluterus monoceros<br />
23<br />
Pan-American Journal <strong>of</strong> Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145
104<br />
Table III. List <strong>of</strong> all <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> associated with <strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>reef</strong> fish species and their unique name chosen according to the source presented (cont.).<br />
SOURCE<br />
UNIQUE NAME<br />
COMMON NAMES<br />
SPECIES<br />
Nº<br />
Carvalho Filho & Freire,<br />
pers. comm.<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Carvalho-Filho (1999)<br />
Peixe porco, Peixe lixa, Peixe rato, Peroá pena, Porco lixa, Raquet Gudunho galhudo<br />
laranja<br />
Cangulo de areia, Cangulo pavão, Cangulo velho, Peixe porco, Peixe Cangulo pavão<br />
rato, Raquete listrado<br />
Peixe gavião, Pinos, Sarampinho<br />
Pinos<br />
Aluterus schoepfii<br />
24<br />
25 Aluterus scriptus<br />
26 Amblycirrhitus pinos<br />
Mod. from Nomura (1984)<br />
using FishBase<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Pacamão bocon<br />
Cuíca, Mamangá liso, Pacamão, Pacamon, Peixe sapo, Pucumã<br />
Moréia lobo<br />
NENHUM<br />
27 Amphichthys<br />
cryptocentrus<br />
28 Anarchias similis<br />
Peixe cachimbo ilhéu Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
NENHUM<br />
29 Anarchopterus tectus<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Manjuba cubana<br />
Manjuba<br />
30 Anchoa cubana<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Manjuba de fita<br />
Manjuba<br />
31 Anchoa filifera<br />
Pan-American Journal <strong>of</strong> Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145<br />
Manjuba boca de rato Begossi & Figueiredo (1995)<br />
Enchoveta, Manjuba, Manjuba boca de rato<br />
32 Anchoa lyolepis<br />
Lima & Oliveira (1978)<br />
Manjuba branca<br />
Enchova, Enchoveta, Irico, Manjuba, Manjuba branca, Tungão<br />
33 Anchoa tricolor<br />
Avila da Silva & Carneiro<br />
(2003)<br />
Manjuba de Iguape<br />
Don don, Manjuba, Manjuba de Iguape, Manjubinha, Sardinha,<br />
Sardinha selvagem<br />
Anchoviella<br />
lepidentostole<br />
34<br />
Mod. Ferreira & Cava (2001)<br />
Avô do pirambu<br />
Avô do pirambú, Fumeiro<br />
35 Anisotremus moricandi<br />
Mod. from Nomura (1984)<br />
FREIRE & CARVALHO FILHO<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
Mod. from Szpilman (2000)<br />
Beiçudo, Perambu, Pirambu, Pirambú, Salema, Salema açu, Salgo, Sargo verdadeiro<br />
Salgo de beiço, Sargo, Sargo beiçudo, Sargo de beiço, Zumbi<br />
Ferrugem, Frade, Mercador, Par de leme, Salema, Salema branca, Salema<br />
Salema de freio, Sambuari, Selumixira<br />
Aniquim, Antenarius, Peixe sapo<br />
Peixe sapo de recife<br />
36 Anisotremus<br />
surinamensis<br />
37 Anisotremus virginicus<br />
Sampaio & Nottingham<br />
(2008)<br />
Peixe pescador<br />
riscado<br />
Antenarius, Guaperva, Peixe pescador, Peixe pescador riscado, Peixe<br />
sapo<br />
38 Antennarius<br />
multiocellatus<br />
39 Antennarius striatus<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Canário do mar<br />
Antias de São Pedro e São Paulo<br />
40<br />
Anthias salmopunctatus
<strong>Richness</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>reef</strong> <strong>fishes</strong><br />
Table III. List <strong>of</strong> all <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> associated with <strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>reef</strong> fish species and their unique name chosen according to the source presented (cont.).<br />
SOURCE<br />
UNIQUE NAME<br />
COMMON NAMES<br />
SPECIES<br />
Nº<br />
Carvalho-Filho (1999)<br />
Totó vermelho<br />
Apogon, Apogon brasileiro, Cardeal fogo, Olhão, Totó vermelho<br />
Apogon americanus<br />
41<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers.<br />
comm.<br />
Totó rosa<br />
NENHUM<br />
Apogon planifrons<br />
42<br />
Begossi & Figueiredo<br />
(1995)<br />
Totó leopoldina<br />
Apogon pseudomaculatus Apogon, Apogon de duas manchas, Gordinho, Leopoldina, Totó<br />
43<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers.<br />
comm.<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers.<br />
comm.<br />
Totó dourado<br />
Apogon quadrisquamatus NENHUM<br />
44<br />
Totó listrado<br />
NENHUM<br />
Apogon robbyi<br />
45<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
Sargo de dente<br />
Sargento, Sargo, Sargo de dente, Sargo do mar, Sorgo<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
Archosargus<br />
probatocephalus<br />
Archosargus<br />
rhomboidalis<br />
46<br />
Sanches (1989)<br />
Caicanha, Canhanha, Caranha, Frade, Guatucupajuba, Mercador, Canhanha<br />
Salema, Salema branca, Salema da pedra, Salema feiticeira, Sambuio,<br />
Sambulho, Sargo, Sargo de dente, Choupa, Canhanda, Frade,<br />
Mercador, Guatucupa-Juba<br />
NENHUM<br />
Congro das baleares<br />
47<br />
Ariosoma balearicum<br />
48<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers.<br />
comm.<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers.<br />
comm.<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers.<br />
comm.<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers.<br />
comm.<br />
Barletta (2002)*<br />
Congrinho olhão<br />
NENHUM<br />
Baiacu de estrela<br />
NENHUM<br />
Ariosoma<br />
opistophthalmus<br />
Arothron firmamentum<br />
49<br />
50<br />
Totó pintadinho<br />
Astrapogon puncticulatus Apogon bangai<br />
51<br />
Totó de concha<br />
NENHUM<br />
Astrapogon stellatus<br />
52<br />
Pomboca<br />
Aniquim, Bacalhau, Mira céu, Miracéu, Pomboca, Tanduju<br />
Astroscopus y-graecum<br />
53<br />
Sampaio & Nottingham<br />
(2008)<br />
Lima & Oliveira (1978)<br />
Papa boba<br />
Mamarreis, Papa boba<br />
Atherinella blackburni<br />
54<br />
Charuto, João duro, Mamarreis, Manjuba, Manjuba verde, Papa boba, Manjuba verde<br />
Peixe rei, Peixe reis, Piaba dura, Piquitinga, Pititinga, Varapau<br />
Atherinella brasiliensis<br />
55<br />
105<br />
Pan-American Journal <strong>of</strong> Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145
106<br />
Table III. List <strong>of</strong> all <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> associated with <strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>reef</strong> fish species and their unique name chosen according to the source presented (cont.).<br />
SOURCE<br />
UNIQUE NAME<br />
COMMON NAMES<br />
SPECIES<br />
Nº<br />
Mod. from Szpilman<br />
(2000)<br />
Mamarreis cabeçuda<br />
Mamarreis<br />
Atherinomorus stipes<br />
56<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers.<br />
comm.<br />
Corneta<br />
Peixe trombeta, Peixe trompete<br />
Aulostomus strigosus<br />
57<br />
Szpilman (2000)<br />
Bonito cachorro<br />
Bonito, Bonito cachorro, Cavala<br />
Auxis rochei<br />
58<br />
Mod. from Nomura<br />
(1984)<br />
Peixe porco verdadeiro<br />
Acará fuso, Acará mocó, Acaramuçu, Acarapicu, Acarapucu,<br />
Cangulo, Cangulo branco, Cangulo da parede, Cangulo de Fernando,<br />
Cangulo papo amarelo, Cangurro, Capado, Capão, Fantasma,<br />
Maracuguara, Peixe porco, Peroá, Peroatinga, Perua, Peruá, Pirá acá,<br />
Piraaca, Piruá, Porco, Porquinho<br />
Balistes capriscus<br />
59<br />
Sampaio & Nottingham<br />
(2008)<br />
Cangulo rei<br />
Cangulo, Cangulo do alto, Cangulo fernande, Cangulo papo amarelo,<br />
Cangulo real, Cangulo rei, Cangulo verdadeiro, Cangurro, Capado,<br />
Capão, Gatilho rainha, Lírio, Peixe gatilho, Peixe porco, Peroá, Peruá,<br />
Piruá, Vetula<br />
Balistes vetula<br />
60<br />
Pan-American Journal <strong>of</strong> Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145<br />
Rangel & Carvalho-<br />
Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Ventosa barbuda<br />
Peixe ventosa, Pregador<br />
Barbulifer ceuthoecus<br />
61<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers.<br />
comm.<br />
Miroró paulista<br />
NENHUM<br />
Bascanichthys paulensis<br />
62<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers.<br />
comm.<br />
Amoré baiano<br />
NENHUM<br />
Bathygobius mystacium<br />
63<br />
FREIRE & CARVALHO FILHO<br />
Mod. from Lima &<br />
Oliveira (1978)<br />
Sampaio & Nottingham<br />
(2008)<br />
Aimoré, Amboré, Amborê, Amoré, Amorê, Amoré guaçu, Amoreia, Amoré de buzo<br />
Amoréia, Aramaré, Babosa, Candunga, Cunduda, Emborê, Florete,<br />
Imborê, Macaco, Maiuíra, Maria da toca, Moré, Moré de buzo, Moré<br />
garoupa, Moré preto, Moreia, Moréia, Mucurungo, Muçurungo, Muré,<br />
Mussurungo, Peixe capim, Peixe flor, Peixe macaco, Tajacica<br />
Bodião, Bodião oceânico<br />
Budião oceânico<br />
Bathygobius soporator<br />
64<br />
Bodianus insularis<br />
65<br />
Begossi & Figueiredo<br />
(1995)<br />
Bodião, Bodião do fundo, Bodião vermelho, Budião, Budião arara, Budião fogueira<br />
Budião batata, Budião branco, Budião vermelho, Budião fogueira,<br />
Gudião, Papagaio, Pitubeiro, Pulchelus<br />
Bodianus pulchellus<br />
66
<strong>Richness</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>reef</strong> <strong>fishes</strong><br />
Table III. List <strong>of</strong> all <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> associated with <strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>reef</strong> fish species and their unique name chosen according to the source presented (cont.).<br />
SOURCE<br />
UNIQUE NAME<br />
COMMON NAMES<br />
SPECIES<br />
Nº<br />
Carvalho-Filho (1999)<br />
Budião papagaio<br />
verdadeiro<br />
Bigodeiro, Bodião, Bodião azul, Bodião judite, Bodião papagaio, Budião,<br />
Budião batata, Budião papagaio, Budião rufus, Gudião, Papagaio,<br />
Paratucaro, Pretucano, Rufus<br />
Bodianus rufus<br />
67<br />
Carvalho-Filho (1999)<br />
Cocoroca sargo<br />
Cocoroca sargo, Corcoroca, Corcoroca sargo, Peixe pedra, Roncador,<br />
Sargo, Sargo de beiço<br />
Boridia grossidens<br />
68<br />
Sampaio & Nottingham (2008)<br />
Linguadinho pavão<br />
Linguadinho pavão, Linguado, Linguado ocelado, Solha, Tapa<br />
69 Bothus lunatus<br />
Mod. from FishBase<br />
Solha manchada<br />
NENHUM<br />
Bothus maculiferus<br />
70<br />
Carvalho-Filho (1999)<br />
Linguado arco íris<br />
Mod. from Soares (1988)<br />
Solha duas pintas<br />
Aramaçá, Aramaçã, Linguadinho ocelado, Linguado, Linguado arco-íris,<br />
Maraçapeba, Sôia, Solha, Tapa<br />
Linguado, Solha<br />
Bothus ocellatus<br />
71<br />
Bothus robinsi<br />
72<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Brótula barbuda<br />
NENHUM<br />
Brotula barbata<br />
73<br />
Mod. from Nomura (1984)<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
Peixe cachimbo de<br />
nariz curto<br />
Pena salgo<br />
Peixe cachimbo<br />
Bryx dunckeri<br />
74<br />
Pargo pena, Pena salgo<br />
75 Calamus bajonado<br />
Mod. from Suzuki (1986)<br />
Peixe pena olhão<br />
Peixe pena, Salgo<br />
Calamus calamus<br />
76<br />
Mod. from Nomura (1984)<br />
Peixe pena brasileiro<br />
Pargo pena, Peixe pena<br />
Calamus mu<br />
77<br />
Mod from Nomura (1984)<br />
Peixe pena branco<br />
Mod. from Nomura (1984)<br />
Peixe pena amarelo<br />
Caratinga, Pampo pena, Pargo, Pargo pena, Peixe pena, Pena, Pena<br />
branco<br />
Pargo pena, Peixe pena, Pena<br />
Calamus penna<br />
78<br />
79 Calamus pennatula<br />
FishBase****<br />
Miroró de duas listras<br />
NENHUM<br />
Callechelys bilinearis<br />
80<br />
Carvalho-Filho (1999)<br />
Dragãozinho<br />
Peixe pau, Dragãozinho<br />
Callionymus bairdi<br />
81<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Cangulo das índias<br />
NENHUM<br />
Carvalho-Filho (1999)<br />
Porquinho pintado<br />
Carvalho & Branco (1977)<br />
Cangulo de pedra<br />
107<br />
Cangulo, Macrocerus, Peixe porco, Peixe porco de pintas brancas, Porco<br />
pintado, Porquinho pintado<br />
Cangulho velho, Cangulo, Cangulo bastardo, Cangulo da pedra, Cangulo<br />
de pedra, Cangulo Fernando, Cangulo pavão, Peixe porco, Peixe porco de<br />
pintas laranjas, Porco pintado, Pullus<br />
82 Cantherhines dumerili<br />
83 Cantherhines<br />
macrocerus<br />
84<br />
Cantherhines pullus<br />
Pan-American Journal <strong>of</strong> Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145
108<br />
Table III. List <strong>of</strong> all <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> associated with <strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>reef</strong> fish species and their unique name chosen according to the source presented (cont.).<br />
SOURCE<br />
UNIQUE NAME<br />
COMMON NAMES<br />
SPECIES<br />
Nº<br />
FishBase<br />
Cangulo oceânico<br />
pintado<br />
NENHUM<br />
Canthidermis maculata<br />
85<br />
Sampaio, pers. comm.<br />
Peroá do alto<br />
Peixe porco, Peroá do alto<br />
Canthidermis sufflamen<br />
86<br />
Baiacu de recife mirim Mod. from IBAMA Inst.<br />
Normativa 14/2004<br />
Baiacu, Baiacu de recife, Cantigaster<br />
Canthigaster figueiredoi<br />
87<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers.<br />
comm.<br />
Carvalho-Filho (1999)<br />
Miroró ilhéu<br />
NENHUM<br />
Caralophia loxochila<br />
88<br />
Carapau, Garajuba, Guaraiúba, Guarajuba, Xarelete amarelo, Xarelete Xarelete amarelo<br />
azul, Xaréu, Xaréu amarelo, Xerelete amarelo<br />
89 Carangoides<br />
bartholomaei<br />
Carvalho-Filho (1999)<br />
Carapau verdadeiro<br />
Carapau, Cavaca, Cavaco, Chumberga, Garaçuma, Garajuba, Garajuba<br />
preta, Garujuba, Graçainha, Guaracema, Guaracu, Guaraçu, Guaraçuma,<br />
Guarainha, Guarajuba, Guarassuma, Guaraxuma, Guaricema, Manezinho,<br />
Solteira, Taguara, Xalerete, Xarelete, Xaréu, Xaréu amarelo, Xaréu<br />
branco, Xaréu dourado, Xaréu pequeno, Xaréu xixá, Xerelete, Xereleté,<br />
Xererete, Xixarro, Xixarro pintado, Xumberga<br />
Carangoides crysos<br />
90<br />
Pan-American Journal <strong>of</strong> Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145<br />
Carvalho-Filho (1999)<br />
Xarelete azul<br />
Rocha & Costa (1999)<br />
Xaréu verdadeiro<br />
Algodão, Carapau, Garajuba, Guaricema, Guaricema branca, Xarelete<br />
azul<br />
Aracimbora, Cabeçudo, Carango, Cáranx, Carimbamba, Cavala,<br />
Corimbamba, Durão, Guaracema, Guaracimbora, Guaricema, Guiará,<br />
Guiaru, Manezinho, Olhudo, Papaterra, Xarelete, Xaréu, Xaréu branco,<br />
Xaréu cabeçudo, Xaréu preto, Xaréu roncador, Xaréu vaqueiro, Xaréu<br />
verdadeiro, Xarso, Xerelete, Xeréu, Xexém<br />
Carangoides ruber<br />
91<br />
92 Caranx hippos<br />
FREIRE & CARVALHO FILHO<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
Guarajuba<br />
Arachimbóia, Aracimbora, Araximbora, Carapau, Caraximbora,<br />
Garacimbora, Garaximbora, Graçaim, Graçarim, Guaracema,<br />
Guaracimbora, Guaraiúba, Guarajuba, Guarambá, Guarassuma,<br />
Guaraximbora, Guaricema, Olhudo, Xarelete, Xaréu, Xaréu graçarim,<br />
Xaréu olhudo, Xaréu preto, Xaréu xaralete, Xaréu xixá, Xerelete, Xixarro<br />
Caranx latus<br />
93<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
Xaréu preto<br />
Ferreiro, Fumeiro, Pargo ferreiro, Xarelete, Xaréu branco, Xaréu cabeça<br />
preta, Xaréu preto, Xeréu preto<br />
Caranx lugubris<br />
94
<strong>Richness</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>reef</strong> <strong>fishes</strong><br />
Table III. List <strong>of</strong> all <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> associated with <strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>reef</strong> fish species and their unique name chosen according to the source presented (cont.).<br />
SOURCE<br />
Mod. from Szpilman<br />
(2000)<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers.<br />
comm.<br />
UNIQUE NAME<br />
Sarapó de pepino<br />
COMMON NAMES<br />
Sarapó, Tira faca<br />
SPECIES<br />
Carapus bermudensis<br />
Nº<br />
95<br />
Carvalho-Filho (1999)<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers.<br />
comm.<br />
Cação, Cação lombo preto, Corta garoupa, Lombo preto, Cação de Cação de focinho preto<br />
focinho preto, Cação flamengo, Marracho<br />
Cação, Cação agulha preta, Cação galha preta, Galha preta, Machote, Galha preta<br />
Serra garoupa, Sucuri de ponta petra<br />
Cação, Cação de cima d'água, Cação lombo preto, Cação seda, Lombo preto<br />
Focinhudo, Lombo preto, Negrinho, Tubarão de lombo preto<br />
Carcharhinus acronotus<br />
96<br />
Carcharhinus brevipinna<br />
97<br />
Carcharhinus falciformis<br />
98<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers.<br />
comm.<br />
Cação do alto<br />
Cação baia, Cação do alto, Cação de fora, Tubarão do alto, Tubarão<br />
dos Galápagos, Cabeça de cesto<br />
Carcharhinus<br />
galapagensis<br />
99<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
Cabeça chata<br />
Cabeça chata, Cação, Cação baiacu, Cação branco, Cação de rio,<br />
Cação do raso, Cação fidalgo, Cação flamengo, Pirarara, Sicuri<br />
branco, Tubarão, Tubarão de água doce, Tubarão touro<br />
Carcharhinus leucas<br />
100<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
Serra garoupa<br />
Cação, Cação de fundo, Cação do fundo, Cação galha preta, Cação<br />
peru, Cação ponta preta, Cação sicuri, Corta garoupa, Galha preta,<br />
Machote, Serra garoupa, Sicuri, Sicuri de galha preta, Sicuri de ponta<br />
preta, Sucuri da galha preta, Tubarão galha preta<br />
Carcharhinus limbatus<br />
101<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
Galha branca<br />
Estrangeiro, Galha branca<br />
Carcharhinus longimanus<br />
102<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers.<br />
comm.<br />
Olho branco<br />
Bico fino, Cabeça chata, Cação, Cação da pedra, Cação coralino, Olho<br />
branco, Tubarão caribenho, Tubarão dos corais, Tubarão dos recifes<br />
Carcharhinus perezi<br />
103<br />
Szpilman (2000)<br />
Cação noturno<br />
Cação noturno<br />
Carcharhinus signatus<br />
104<br />
Suzuki (1986)<br />
Mangona<br />
Cação da areia, Cação de areia, Cação galhudo, Cação macho, Cação<br />
magonga, Caçoa, Magonga<br />
Carcharias taurus<br />
105<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
Batata da pedra<br />
Batata, Batata da pedra, Michola, Peixe batata<br />
Caulolatilus chrysops<br />
106<br />
Mod. from Lima &<br />
Oliveira (1978)<br />
Robalo branco<br />
109<br />
Camorim cabo de machado, Camorim espora, Camorim peba,<br />
Camorim sovela, Camuri, Camurim, Camurim branco, Camurim<br />
sovela, Camuripeba, Robalete, Robalito, Robalo, Robalo corcunda,<br />
Robalo espora, Robalo galhudo<br />
Centropomus ensiferus<br />
107<br />
Pan-American Journal <strong>of</strong> Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145
110<br />
Table III. List <strong>of</strong> all <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> associated with <strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>reef</strong> fish species and their unique name chosen according to the source presented (cont.).<br />
SOURCE<br />
UNIQUE NAME<br />
COMMON NAMES<br />
SPECIES<br />
Nº<br />
Carvalho-Filho (1999)<br />
Robalo de escama grande<br />
Robalo<br />
Centropomus mexicanus<br />
108<br />
Suzuki (1986)<br />
Robalo peba<br />
Carvalho & Branco<br />
(1977)<br />
Robalo verdadeiro<br />
Cambriaçu, Camburiapeva, Camorim corcunda, Camorim peba,<br />
Camorim pena, Camorim tapa, Camuri, Camurim, Camurim amarelo,<br />
Camurim apuá, Camurim branco, Camurim corcunda, Camurim peva,<br />
Camuripeba, Camurupeba, Cangoropeba, Cangurupeba, Robalo,<br />
Robalo peba, Robalo peva<br />
Bicudo, Cambriaçu, Camburiaçu, Camorim, Camorim açu, Camuri,<br />
Camurim, Camurim açu, Camurim açú, Camurim branco, Camurim<br />
cabo de machado, Camurim preto, Camurimpema, Camuripeba,<br />
Camuripema, Cangoropeba, Canjurupeba, Escalho, Robalão, Robalo,<br />
Robalo bicudo, Robalo branco, Robalo camurim, Robalo de galha,<br />
Robalo estoque, Robalo flecha, Robalo flexa, Rolão<br />
Centropomus parallelus<br />
109<br />
Centropomus<br />
undecimalis<br />
110<br />
Mod. from IBAMA Inst.<br />
Normativa 14/2004<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
Anjo dorso de fogo<br />
Centropige, Centropige dorso de fogo<br />
Centropyge aurantanota<br />
111<br />
Pan-American Journal <strong>of</strong> Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145<br />
Caraúna, Catoá, Catuá, Garoupa, Garoupa chita, Garoupa diamante, Piraúna<br />
Garoupa pintada da Bahia, Garoupinha, Garoupinha vermelha, Jabu,<br />
Jabú, Pirauna, Piraúna, Praúna<br />
112 Cephalopholis fulva<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers.<br />
comm.<br />
Peixe lombriga listrado<br />
NENHUM<br />
Cerdale fasciata<br />
113<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
Enxada<br />
Enxada, Paru, Parú, Paru branco, Parú enxada, Paru jandaia, Paru<br />
preto, Parum, Parum branco, Parum enxada, Parum rajado, Peixe<br />
enxada, Tareira<br />
114 Chaetodipterus faber<br />
FREIRE & CARVALHO FILHO<br />
Sampaio & Nottingham<br />
(2008)<br />
Borboleta ocelado<br />
Beija moça, Bicudinha, Bicudo, Borboleta, Borboleta amarelo,<br />
Borboleta ocelado, Caco de prato, Jandaia, Namorado, Parum<br />
amarelo, Parum bicudo, Saberé, Viuvinha<br />
Chaetodon ocellatus<br />
115<br />
Carvalho-Filho (1999)<br />
Borboleta namorada<br />
Carvalho-Filho (1999)<br />
Borboleta listrada<br />
Bicudo, Borboleta, Borboleta dos recifes, Borboleta namorada, Moca,<br />
Namorado bicudo, Sedentarius<br />
Beijo de moça, Boca de moça, Borboleta, Borboleta listrada,<br />
Borboleta listrado, Carapiaçaba, Castanhola, Freire, Paru, Paru<br />
mulato, Parum, Peixe borboleta, Quebra prato, Striatus, Tinhuna frade<br />
Chaetodon sedentarius<br />
116<br />
117<br />
Chaetodon striatus
<strong>Richness</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>reef</strong> <strong>fishes</strong><br />
Table III. List <strong>of</strong> all <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> associated with <strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>reef</strong> fish species and their unique name chosen according to the source presented (cont.).<br />
SOURCE<br />
UNIQUE NAME<br />
COMMON NAMES<br />
SPECIES<br />
Nº<br />
Sampaio & Nottingham<br />
(2008)<br />
Caramuru malha de jibóia<br />
Caramuru malha de jibóia<br />
Channomuraena vittata<br />
118<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
Voador de fernando<br />
Peixe voador, Voador, Voador de fernando, Voador holandês<br />
Cheilopogon cyanopterus<br />
119<br />
FishBase<br />
Voador de asa listrada<br />
NENHUM<br />
Cheilopogon exsiliens<br />
120<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers.<br />
comm.<br />
Sampaio & Nottingham<br />
(2008)<br />
Sampaio & Nottingham<br />
(2008)<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers.<br />
comm.<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers.<br />
comm.<br />
Carvalho-Filho (1999)<br />
Voador preto<br />
Peixe voador, Pirabebe, Tainhota, Tainhota voadeira, Voador,<br />
Voador cascudo, Voador do alto<br />
Cheilopogon melanurus<br />
121<br />
Baiacu espinho antenado<br />
Baiacu espinho, Baiacu espinho antenado<br />
Chilomycterus antennatus<br />
122<br />
Baiacu espinho rendado<br />
Baiacu de espinho, baiacu espinho rendado<br />
Chilomycterus antillarum<br />
123<br />
Baiacu espinho pintado<br />
Baiacu de espinho<br />
Chilomycterus reticulatus<br />
124<br />
Baiacu espinho comum<br />
NENHUM<br />
Chilomycterus spinosus<br />
125<br />
Congro mirim<br />
Cobrinha, Congro mirim<br />
Chilorhinus suensonii<br />
126<br />
Carvalho-Filho (1999)<br />
Palombeta<br />
Arriba saia, Caico, Caracaxá, Carapau, Favinha, Favoleta, Folha,<br />
Folha de mangue, Garapau, Juva, Juvá, Palombeta, Palometa,<br />
Pilombeta, Polombeta, Saia rôta, Vento leste<br />
Chloroscombrus<br />
chrysurus<br />
127<br />
FishBase<br />
Donzela de rabo amarelo<br />
NENHUM<br />
Chromis enchrysura<br />
128<br />
Mod. from Szpilman<br />
(2000 )<br />
Donzela cobalto<br />
Donzela, Donzela rabo amarelo<br />
Chromis flavicauda<br />
129<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers.<br />
comm.<br />
Carvalho-Filho (1999)<br />
Donzela jubauna<br />
NENHUM<br />
Chromis jubauna<br />
130<br />
Mulata<br />
Chromis, Cromis, Cromis tesoura, Donzela, Donzela marrom<br />
Chromis multilineata<br />
131<br />
FishBase<br />
Donzela roxa<br />
NENHUM<br />
Chromis scotti<br />
132<br />
Linguado de areia costeiro Freire, pers. comm.<br />
Linguado, Solha<br />
Citharichthys arenaceus<br />
133<br />
111<br />
Pan-American Journal <strong>of</strong> Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145
112<br />
Table III. List <strong>of</strong> all <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> associated with <strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>reef</strong> fish species and their unique name chosen according to the source presented (cont.).<br />
Nº SPECIES<br />
COMMON NAMES<br />
UNIQUE NAME SOURCE<br />
134 Citharichthys macrops Linguado<br />
Linguado onça Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Sampaio & Nottingham<br />
(2008)<br />
Budião fantasma<br />
Clepticus brasileiro, Budião fantasma, Peixe fantasma<br />
135 Clepticus brasiliensis<br />
Univali (2004)<br />
Szpilman (2000)<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
Szpilman (2000)<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
Pan-American Journal <strong>of</strong> Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145<br />
Rangel, pers. comm.<br />
Cobra do mar, Côngrio, Congro, Congro preto, Congro verdadeiro, Congro preto<br />
Enguia<br />
Congro dentão<br />
Congro dentão<br />
Cassumba de mero, Olho de boi, Olho de cão, Olho de vidro, Olho de vidro<br />
Piranema do fundo<br />
Mariquita vovó, Olho de vidro, Talhão, Vovó<br />
Talhão<br />
Dourado, Dourado de Santo Antônio, Dourado palombeta Dourado palombeta<br />
Dalfinho, Dourado, Dourado de alto mar, Dourado do mar, Dourado<br />
Graçapé, Grassapé, Guaraçapé, Guaraçapema, Macaco, Peixe<br />
tábua, Sapé<br />
NENHUM<br />
Amoré dois pontos<br />
136 Conger orbignyanus<br />
Conger triporiceps<br />
137<br />
Cookeolus japonicus<br />
138<br />
139 Corniger spinosus<br />
140 Coryphaena equiselis<br />
Coryphaena hippurus<br />
141<br />
Coryphopterus dicrus<br />
142<br />
Rangel, pers. comm.<br />
Amoré pálido<br />
NENHUM<br />
Mod. from Sampaio &<br />
Nottingham (2008)<br />
Amoré vidro<br />
Gobi de areia, Gobi de vidro, Gobião de freio, Maria da toca<br />
Rangel, pers. comm.<br />
Amoré pintado<br />
NENHUM<br />
Cachimbo, Peixe cachimbo, Peixe cachimbo de focinho branco<br />
143 Coryphopterus eidolon<br />
144 Coryphopterus<br />
glauc<strong>of</strong>raenum<br />
145 Coryphopterus thrix<br />
146 Cosmocampus albirostris<br />
FREIRE & CARVALHO FILHO<br />
Sampaio & Nottingham<br />
(2008)<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Peixe cachimbo de<br />
focinho branco<br />
Periquito<br />
Batata, Bodião batata, Budião<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Amoré de garça<br />
Maria da toca, Rondom, Amoré de garça<br />
Rangel & Carvalho-Filho,<br />
pers. comm.<br />
Mod. from Lima & Oliveira<br />
(1978)<br />
Amoré vírgula<br />
NENHUM<br />
147 Cryptotomus roseus<br />
148 Ctenogobius boleosoma<br />
149 Ctenogobius saepepallens<br />
Amoré rondom<br />
Amoré, Rondom<br />
150<br />
Ctenogobius stigmaticus
<strong>Richness</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>reef</strong> <strong>fishes</strong><br />
Table III. List <strong>of</strong> all <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> associated with <strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>reef</strong> fish species and their unique name chosen according to the source presented (cont.).<br />
SOURCE<br />
Carvalho-Filho (1999)<br />
FishBase<br />
UNIQUE NAME<br />
Linguado pintado<br />
Linguado de nadadeira<br />
pintada<br />
Voador holandês<br />
COMMON NAMES<br />
Linguado, Linguado mexicano, Linguado pintado, Rodovalho<br />
SPECIES<br />
Cyclopsetta chittendeni<br />
Linguado, Tapa<br />
Cyclopsetta fimbriata<br />
Nº<br />
151<br />
152<br />
Szpilman (2000)<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
Coió<br />
FishBase<br />
Miracéu de olho grande<br />
Voador holandês<br />
Cabra bode, Cajaleó, Cajaléu, Coió, Falso voador, Peixe<br />
voador, Pirabebe, Pirapebebe, Voador, Voador cascudo, Voador<br />
coió, Voador das pedras, Voador de fundo, Voador de pedra,<br />
Voador de pedras, Voador Santo Antônio<br />
NENHUM<br />
Cypselurus comatus<br />
Dactylopterus volitans<br />
153<br />
154<br />
Dactyloscopus crossotus<br />
155<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers.<br />
comm.<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers.<br />
comm.<br />
Carvalho-Filho (1999)<br />
Miracéu malhado<br />
NENHUM<br />
Dactyloscopus foraminosus<br />
156<br />
Miracéu de areia<br />
Tanduju mirim<br />
Dactyloscopus tridigittatus<br />
157<br />
Aiereba<br />
Freire, pers. comm.<br />
Arraia, Raia, Raia cravadora, Raia lixa, Raia manteiga, Raia<br />
prego, Aiereba, Arraia branca, Arraia de prato, Arraia<br />
Aireba, Arraia, Arraia prego, Raia, Raia manteiga, Raia prego<br />
Dasyatis americana<br />
158<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
Raia prego de cauda<br />
áspera<br />
Raia branca<br />
Dasyatis centroura<br />
159<br />
Arraia, Arraia bico de remo, Arraia bicuda, Arraia branca,<br />
Arraia lixa, Jabebiretê, Jabiretê, Raia, Raia branca, Raia lixa,<br />
Raia lixo, Raia prego<br />
NENHUM<br />
Dasyatis guttata<br />
160<br />
Ciência Hoje<br />
Gomes et al. (2000)<br />
Raia manteiga lisa<br />
Raia mariquita<br />
Arraia de prato, Raia mariquita<br />
Dasyatis hipostigma<br />
Dasyatis marianae<br />
161<br />
162<br />
Carvalho & Branco<br />
(1977)<br />
Chicharro alamarim<br />
Mod. from Carvalho-<br />
Filho (1999)<br />
Chicharro pintado<br />
113<br />
Mod. from Sampaio,<br />
pers. comm.<br />
Chicharro roliço<br />
Carapau, Cavalinha, Cavalinha de reis, Cavalinha do reis,<br />
Chicharro, Chicharro alamarim, Chicharro calabar, Chicharro<br />
cavala, Garapau, Xixarro, Xixarro branco, Xixarro calabar,<br />
Xixarro cavala<br />
Carapau, Chicharro, Chicharro branco, Chicharro de olho<br />
grande, Chicharro pintado, Peixe rei, Xixarro, Xixarro branco,<br />
Xixarro de olho grande, Xixarro pintado<br />
Xixarro roliço<br />
Decapterus macarellus<br />
163<br />
Decapterus punctatus<br />
164<br />
Decapterus tabl<br />
165<br />
Pan-American Journal <strong>of</strong> Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145
114<br />
Table III. List <strong>of</strong> all <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> associated with <strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>reef</strong> fish species and their unique name chosen according to the source presented (cont.).<br />
SOURCE<br />
UNIQUE NAME<br />
COMMON NAMES<br />
SPECIES<br />
Nº<br />
Sampaio, pers. comm.<br />
Ministro<br />
Ministro<br />
Decodon puellaris<br />
166<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
Piranema pintada<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
Carapeba branca<br />
Barletta (2002)<br />
Caratingaitê<br />
Sampaio & Nottingham<br />
(2008)<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
Baiacu espinho<br />
manchado<br />
Baiacu graviola<br />
Mod. from Ferreira<br />
(1999)<br />
Sampaio & Nottingham<br />
(2008)<br />
Michole de areia anão<br />
Garoupa gostosa, Gostosa, Piranema, Piranema pintado, Sapé da<br />
pedra<br />
Carapeba, Carapeba branca, Carapeva, Carapicu, Caratinga, Peixe<br />
prata, Tinga<br />
Acarapeba, Acarapeva, Carapeba, Carapeba branca, Carapeva,<br />
Caratinga, Caratingaitê, Peixe prata<br />
Baiacu, Baiacu de espinho, Baicu espinho, Baiacu espinho<br />
manchado, Peixe ouriço<br />
Baiacu de espinho, Baiacu espinho pintalgado, Baiacu graviola,<br />
Graviola, Peixe ouriço<br />
Jacundá, Michole da areia<br />
Dermatolepis inermis<br />
167<br />
Diapterus auratus<br />
168<br />
Diapterus rhombeus<br />
169<br />
Diodon holocanthus<br />
170<br />
Diodon hystrix<br />
171<br />
Diplectrum bivittatum<br />
172<br />
Pan-American Journal <strong>of</strong> Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145<br />
Freire, pers. comm.<br />
FishBase<br />
Canguito, Jacundá, Margarida, Michole, Michole da areia, Michole Michole de areia listrado<br />
de areia, Michole de areia listrado, Michóli, Mixole, Mixole da<br />
areia, Mixole de areia<br />
Jacundá, Margarida, Michole, Michóle, Michole da areia, Michole Michole aipim<br />
de areia, Michole de areia costeiro, Mixole, Mixole da pedra, Papa<br />
terra, Peixe aipim<br />
NENHUM<br />
Raia elétrica pintada<br />
Diplectrum formosum<br />
173<br />
Diplectrum radiale<br />
174<br />
Diplobatis picta<br />
175<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
Marimbá<br />
Chinelão, Maímbá, Maria chinelo, Marimbá, Marimbá chinelo,<br />
Marimbau, Pargo branco, Pinta no cabo, Sargo<br />
Diplodus argenteus<br />
176<br />
FREIRE & CARVALHO FILHO<br />
Carvalho-Filho (1999)<br />
Folha verde<br />
Budião, Gudião, Folha verde, Peixe dragão, Sabonete anão<br />
Doratonotus megalepis<br />
177<br />
Mod. from Sampaio &<br />
Nottingham (2008)<br />
Mariquita de penacho<br />
Jacundá, Mariquita, Mariquita de penacho, Vovó<br />
Dules auriga<br />
178<br />
Mod. from Nomura<br />
(1984)<br />
Freire, pers. comm.<br />
Agarrador, Pegador, Peixe pegador, Peixe piolho, Piolho, Piolho de Pegador listrado<br />
cação, Piolho de tubarão, Piraquiba, Rêmora, Rêmora de listra<br />
Camuflada, Caramuru de listra, Moréia, Moréia listada, Moréia Moréia zebra<br />
zebra<br />
Echeneis naucrates<br />
179<br />
Echidna catenata<br />
180
<strong>Richness</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>reef</strong> <strong>fishes</strong><br />
Table III. List <strong>of</strong> all <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> associated with <strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>reef</strong> fish species and their unique name chosen according to the source presented (cont.).<br />
SOURCE<br />
Mod. from Carvalho-Filho<br />
(1999)<br />
UNIQUE NAME<br />
Miroró leopardo<br />
COMMON NAMES<br />
Cobra pintada, Congro, Enguia, Miroró, Moréia<br />
SPECIES<br />
Echiopsis intertinctus<br />
Nº<br />
181<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Mod. from Carvalho-Filho<br />
(1999)<br />
Miroró sarampo<br />
Amoré neon<br />
NENHUM<br />
Néon, Neon goby<br />
Echiophis punctifer<br />
Elacatinus figaro<br />
182<br />
183<br />
Rangel, pers. comm.<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Neón de trindade<br />
Neón de Noronha<br />
NENHUM<br />
NENHUM<br />
Elacatinus pridisi<br />
Elacatinus phthripophagus<br />
184<br />
185<br />
Carvalho-Filho (1999)<br />
Arabaiana azul<br />
Arabaiana, Arabaiana azul, Arabaiana norte, Camisa de meia,<br />
Enxova, Guaxum, Guaxumba, Olhete, Peixe rei, Xixarro salmão<br />
Elagatis bipinnulata<br />
186<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
Ubarana<br />
Albarana, Barana, Baranda, Obarana, Oiá, Robalo da pedra,<br />
Tijubarana, Tubarana, Ubarama, Ubarana, Ubarana açu,<br />
Ubarana cabo de machado, Ubaranaçu, Urubaiana, Urubaiana<br />
pau, Urubaiana verdadeira, Urubarana<br />
Elops saurus<br />
187<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Macaquinho do<br />
cascalho<br />
NENHUM<br />
Emblemaria australis<br />
188<br />
FishBase<br />
Macaquinho bandeira<br />
NENHUM<br />
Mod. from Carvalho-Filho<br />
(1999)<br />
Macaquinho cabeça<br />
preta<br />
Cabeça preta, Macaquinho<br />
Emblemariopsis<br />
occidentalis<br />
Emblemariopsis signifera<br />
189<br />
190<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Chicharro vermelho<br />
NENHUM<br />
Emmelichthys ruber<br />
191<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Moréia víbora<br />
Caramuru cachorro, Caramuru de dente, Moréia, Moréia<br />
cachorro, Moréia de dente<br />
Enchelycore anatina<br />
192<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Moréia vinagre<br />
Carvalho-Filho (1999)<br />
Moréia cachorro<br />
Caramuru cachorro, Caramuru preto, Caramuru vinagre,<br />
Moréia, Moréia cachorro, Moréia negra, Moréia vampiro<br />
Caramuru cachorro, Caramuru de dente, Caramuru preto,<br />
Caramuru vinagre, Moréia, Moréia negra, Moréia cachorro,<br />
Moréia vampiro, Moréia vinagre<br />
Enchelycore carychroa<br />
193<br />
Enchelycore nigricans<br />
194<br />
115<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Macaquinho parati<br />
NENHUM<br />
Enneanectes altivelis<br />
195<br />
Pan-American Journal <strong>of</strong> Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145
116<br />
Table III. List <strong>of</strong> all <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> associated with <strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>reef</strong> fish species and their unique name chosen according to the source presented (cont.).<br />
SOURCE<br />
UNIQUE NAME<br />
COMMON NAMES<br />
SPECIES<br />
Nº<br />
Carvalho-Filho & Freire,<br />
pers. comm.<br />
Macaquinho dos<br />
penedos<br />
NENHUM<br />
Enneanectes smithi<br />
196<br />
Carvalho-Filho (1999)<br />
Macaco pérola<br />
Macaco pérola<br />
Entomacrodus vomerinus<br />
197<br />
Rocha & Costa (1999)<br />
Garoupa gato<br />
Cepene (2000)<br />
Cherne galha amarela<br />
Badejo, Badejo pintado, Garoupa chita, Garoupa gato, Garoupa<br />
pintada, Gato, Mero gato, Peixe gato, Piragica, Pirapiranga<br />
Cherne, Cherne amarelo, Cherne claro, Cherne galha amarela<br />
Epinephelus adscensionis<br />
198<br />
Epinephelus flavolimbatus<br />
199<br />
Carvalho & Branco<br />
(1977)<br />
Mero verdadeiro<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
Garoupa verdadeira<br />
Canapu, Canapú, Canapu guaçu, Canapuguaçu, Cunapu guaçu,<br />
Merete, Mero, Mero canapu, Mero canapum, Mero preto, Merote,<br />
Mirete, Nero<br />
Galinha do mar, Garoupa, Garoupa barriga amarela, Garoupa<br />
crioula, Garoupa preta, Garoupa verdadeira, Piracuca<br />
Epinephelus itajara<br />
200<br />
Epinephelus marginatus<br />
201<br />
Suzuki (1986)<br />
Garoupa, Garoupa bichada, Garoupa de São Tomé, Garoupa de Garoupa São Tomé<br />
segunda, Garoupa São Tomé, Garoupa verdadeira, Garoupa<br />
vermelha, Garoupa vermelha de abrolhos, Garoupa vermelha dos<br />
Abrolhos, Piragia<br />
Epinephelus morio<br />
202<br />
Pan-American Journal <strong>of</strong> Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145<br />
Rocha & Costa (1999)<br />
Cherne listrado<br />
Cherne escuro, Cherne listrado, Piraroba<br />
Epinephelus mystacinus<br />
203<br />
Rocha & Costa (1999)<br />
Cherne queimado<br />
Rocha & Costa (1999)<br />
Cherne claro<br />
Cherne, Cherne negro, Cherne queimado, Chernete, Chernote,<br />
Garoupa, Mero, Mero negro, Mero preto, Piraroba, Serigado<br />
h<br />
Badejo branco, Cerigado cherne, Cerigado tapoã, Cherna, Cherna<br />
preta, Cherna preto, Cherne, Cherne claro, Cherne pintado, Cherne<br />
tapoan, Cherne verdadeiro, Chernete, Chernote, Garoupa, Mero<br />
preto, Serigado cherne, Serigado tapoan, Xerne<br />
Epinephelus nigritus<br />
204<br />
Epinephelus niveatus<br />
205<br />
FREIRE & CARVALHO FILHO<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers.<br />
comm.<br />
Bilro listrado<br />
Bacalhau, Bilro, Cabeça de coco, Cavaleiro de bandoleira,<br />
Equetos, Maria nagô, Maria negra<br />
Equetus lanceolatus<br />
206<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers.<br />
comm.<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
Bilro pintado<br />
Bacalhau<br />
Equetus punctatus<br />
207<br />
Carapeba, Carapicu, Carapicú, Carapicu pena, Carapipiacuaçu, Carapicu pena<br />
Escrivão<br />
Eucinostomus argenteus<br />
208
<strong>Richness</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>reef</strong> <strong>fishes</strong><br />
Table III. List <strong>of</strong> all <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> associated with <strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>reef</strong> fish species and their unique name chosen according to the source presented (cont.).<br />
SOURCE<br />
UNIQUE NAME<br />
COMMON NAMES<br />
SPECIES<br />
Nº<br />
Ferreira (1999)<br />
Carapicu branco<br />
Acarapicu, Cacundo, Carapau, Carapeba, Carapicu, Carapicu açu,<br />
Carapicu branco, Carapicu sem dente, Carapicupeba, Carapim,<br />
Carataí, Escrivão, Primituma, Riscador<br />
Eucinostomus gula<br />
209<br />
Suzuki (1986)<br />
Carapicu açu<br />
Carapicu açu<br />
Eucinostomus harengulus<br />
210<br />
Mod. from Nomura (1984)<br />
Carapicu manchado<br />
Carapicu, Carapim<br />
Eucinostomus lefroyi<br />
211<br />
Mod. from Soares (1988)<br />
Barletta (2002)<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
Brandão (1964)<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Mod. from Nomura (1984)<br />
Cacundo, Carapeba, Carapicu, Carapicu açu, Carapicu branco, Carapicu bandeira<br />
Escrivão, Riscador<br />
Acará tinga, Carapeba, Carapeba branca, Carapeba de lista, Caratinga vivóca<br />
Carapeba de listra, Carapeba listada, Carapeba listrada, Carapeba<br />
rajada, Carapeva, Carapitanga, Carapitinga, Caratinga, Caratinga<br />
i ó<br />
Albacora, Bonito, Bonito cachorro, Bonito pintado, Bonito rajado, Bonito pintado<br />
Curuatá pinima, Merma<br />
Cajaleo, Cajaleó, Coió, Holandês, Peixe voador, Pirabebe, Santo Voador verdadeiro<br />
Antônio, Tainhota, Voador, Voador cascudo, Voador de pedra,<br />
Voador do fundo, Voador verdadeiro<br />
Agulhão trombeta, Timbáli, Trombeta<br />
Cachimbau vermelho<br />
Agulhão trombeta, Agulheta, Cachimbau, Cachimbo, Catimbau, Cachimbau azul<br />
Peixe cachimbo, Peixe corneta, Peixe trombeta, Petimbo,<br />
Petimbuaba, Trombeta, Trombeta pintada<br />
Eucinostomus<br />
melanopterus<br />
212<br />
Eugerres brasilianus<br />
213<br />
Euthynnus alleteratus<br />
214<br />
Exocoetus volitans<br />
215<br />
Fistularia petimba<br />
216<br />
Fistularia tabacaria<br />
217<br />
Suzuki (1986)<br />
Tubarão tigre<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
Bagre urutu<br />
Cação, Cação cabeça chata, Cação jaguara, Cação jaguará, Cação<br />
tigre, Cação tintureiro, Gata, Gatinha, Jaguara, Jaguará, Tigre,<br />
Tintureira, Tintureiro, Tubarão tigre, Tubarão tintureira<br />
Bagre, Bagre amarelo, Bagre branco, Bagre curiaçu, Bagre de<br />
manta, Bagre do Natal, Bagre guri, Bagre guriaçu, Bagre guru,<br />
Bagre leilão, Bagre mandi, Bagre mandim, Bagre pararê, Bagre<br />
urutu, Bagre veludo, Beiçudo, Cabeçote, Guriaçu, Pareré<br />
Galeocerdo cuvier<br />
218<br />
Genidens genidens<br />
219<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Carapicu listrado<br />
Carapeba, Carapicu açú<br />
Gerres cinereus<br />
220<br />
117<br />
FishBase<br />
Miracéu seta<br />
NENHUM<br />
Gillellus greyae<br />
221<br />
Pan-American Journal <strong>of</strong> Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145
118<br />
Table III. List <strong>of</strong> all <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> associated with <strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>reef</strong> fish species and their unique name chosen according to the source presented (cont.).<br />
SOURCE<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
UNIQUE NAME<br />
Cação lixa<br />
FishBase<br />
COMMON NAMES<br />
Barroso, Cação arumaru, Cação lixa, Lambaru, Lixa, Peixe anjo,<br />
Tubarão enfermeira, Tubarão lixa, Tubarão pajem, Urumaru, Gata,<br />
Cação-Arumaru, Urumaru, Uaromaru.<br />
NENHUM<br />
SPECIES<br />
Ginglymostoma<br />
cirratum<br />
Nº<br />
222<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Amoré de mancha<br />
dourada<br />
Peixe ventosa de bigode<br />
Gnatholepis thompsoni<br />
223<br />
Limpa vidro, Peixe ventosa, Pregador<br />
Gobiesox barbatulus<br />
224<br />
Freire, pers. comm.<br />
Peixe ventosa pintado<br />
NENHUM<br />
Gobiesox punctulatus<br />
225<br />
Mod. from Carvalho-Filho<br />
(1999)<br />
Amoré zebra<br />
Amboré zebra<br />
Gobiosoma<br />
hemigymnum<br />
226<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Amoré mirim<br />
NENHUM<br />
Gobiosoma nudum<br />
227<br />
FishBase<br />
Amoré de dorso pálido<br />
NENHUM<br />
Gobulus myersi<br />
228<br />
Rocha & Costa (1999)<br />
Bandeira espanhola<br />
Bandeira espanhola, Jabu do fundo<br />
Gonioplectrus hispanus<br />
229<br />
Pan-American Journal <strong>of</strong> Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Camarolete<br />
Grama, Camarolete<br />
Gramma brasiliensis<br />
230<br />
Mod. from Nomura (1984)<br />
Aramaçá zebra<br />
Aramaçã, Linguado zebra, Solha, Solha zebra<br />
Gymnachirus nudus<br />
231<br />
Suzuki (1986)<br />
Moréia verde<br />
Carvalho-Filho (1999)<br />
Moréia banana<br />
FREIRE & CARVALHO FILHO<br />
Carvalho-Filho (1999)<br />
Moréia pintada<br />
Amoréia verde, Camburú marrom, Caramuru, Caramuru verde,<br />
Moréia, Moréia verde<br />
Caramuru banana, Caramuru bombóia, Caramuru dourado,<br />
Caramuru jibóia, Caramuru mulato, Caramuru pinima, Moréia,<br />
Moréia amarela, Moréia banana, Moréia de rabo amarelo, Moréia<br />
dourada, Moréia rabo dourado<br />
Aimoré, Amoréia pintada, Camburú pintado, Caramuru, Caramuru<br />
pinima, Caramuru pintado, Enguia, Miroró, Moréia, Moréia<br />
americana, Moréia pintada, Moréia verde, Morongo, Mororó,<br />
Mussulina, Mutuca, Mututuca, Sangrador, Tororó, Totoró<br />
Gymnothorax funebris<br />
232<br />
Gymnothorax miliaris<br />
233<br />
Gymnothorax moringa<br />
234<br />
Carvalho-Filho (1999)<br />
Moréia de areia<br />
Amoréia, Amorepinima, Caramuru, Caramuru de areia, Caramuru<br />
pinima, Miroró, Moréia, Moréia amarela, Moréia de areia, Moréia<br />
de pedra, Moréia ocelada, Moréia pintada, Mutuca, Mututuca<br />
Gymnothorax ocellatus<br />
235
<strong>Richness</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>reef</strong> <strong>fishes</strong><br />
Table III. List <strong>of</strong> all <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> associated with <strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>reef</strong> fish species and their unique name chosen according to the source presented (cont.).<br />
SOURCE<br />
UNIQUE NAME<br />
COMMON NAMES<br />
SPECIES<br />
Nº<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers.<br />
comm.<br />
Moréia bombóia<br />
NENHUM<br />
Gymnothorax polygonius<br />
236<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers.<br />
comm.<br />
Moréia preta<br />
Caramuru, Caramuru mulato, Caramuru pinima, Moréia, Moréia<br />
amarela, Moréia boca preta, Moréia preta<br />
Gymnothorax vicinus<br />
237<br />
Mod. from Carvalho<br />
(1999)<br />
Raia borboleta de<br />
espinho<br />
Arraia, Arraia borboleta, Arraia manteiga, Arraia parati, Borboleta,<br />
Raia, Raia amarela, Raia borboleta, Raia gererera, Raia manteiga<br />
Gymnura altavela<br />
238<br />
Mod. from Nomura<br />
(1984)<br />
Raia borboleta lisa<br />
Arraia, Arraia baté, Arraia borboleta, Arraia caã, Arraia comum,<br />
Arraia manteiga, Borboleta, Carapiaçava, Raia borboleta, Raia<br />
manteiga, Raia mariquita, Raia olho de ovelha, Raia olhuda<br />
Gymnura micrura<br />
239<br />
Szpilman (2000)<br />
Cocoroca branca<br />
Arrebenta panela, Cocoroca branca, Corcoroca, Pirambu<br />
Haemulon album<br />
240<br />
Lima & Oliveira (1978)<br />
Xira dourada<br />
Corcoroca, Cotinga, Quatinga, Sapuruna, Sapuruna branca, Xira,<br />
Xira branca, Xira dourada<br />
Haemulon aurolineatum<br />
241<br />
Szpilman (2000)<br />
Cocoroca boquinha<br />
Cocoroca boquinha<br />
Haemulon<br />
chrysargyreum<br />
242<br />
Lima & Oliveira (1978)<br />
Sapuruna preta<br />
Ferreira & Cava (2001)<br />
Cancanhe<br />
Sapurana, Sapurana de lista, Sapuruna preta, Supuruna de listra,<br />
Xirão<br />
Biquara, Cambuba, Cancan, Cancanhe, Carrapato, Cocoroca,<br />
Cocoroca mulata, Corcoroca mulata, Macassa, Negramina,<br />
Pirambu, Pirambú, Xira branca<br />
Haemulon melanurum<br />
243<br />
Haemulon parra<br />
244<br />
Carvalho-Filho (1999)<br />
Cocoroca boca velha<br />
Abiquara, Biquara, Boca de fogo, Boca de velha, Cambuba,<br />
Capiúma, Capiúna, Cocoroca, Cocoroca mulata, Corcoroca,<br />
Corcoroca boca de velha, Corcoroca mulata, Corocoroca,<br />
Corocoroca boca de fogo, Corocoroca mulata, Crocoroca, Macaca,<br />
Negra mina, Negramina, Pirambu, Sapuruna, Uribaco, Xira<br />
Haemulon plumieri<br />
245<br />
Ferreira & Cava (2001)<br />
Xira amarela<br />
Quatinga amarela, Xira, Xira amarela<br />
Haemulon squamipinna<br />
246<br />
Szpilman (2000)<br />
Cocoroca boca larga<br />
119<br />
Cambuba, Carrapato, Cocoroca boca larga, Corcoroca boca de<br />
fogo, Corcoroca boca larga, Corcoroca de boca larga, Corcoroca<br />
sargo, Far<strong>of</strong>a, Macassa, Macasso, Quatinga, Xirão<br />
Haemulon steindachneri<br />
247<br />
Pan-American Journal <strong>of</strong> Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145
120<br />
Table III. List <strong>of</strong> all <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> associated with <strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>reef</strong> fish species and their unique name chosen according to the source presented (cont.).<br />
SOURCE<br />
UNIQUE NAME<br />
COMMON NAMES<br />
SPECIES<br />
Nº<br />
Szpilman (2000)<br />
Cocoroca listrada<br />
Cocoroca listrada, Xira<br />
Haemulon striatum<br />
248<br />
Carvalho-Filho (1999)<br />
Budião de fundo<br />
Budião de Fundo<br />
Halichoeres bathiphillus<br />
249<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Budião sabonete<br />
Budião, Gudião vermelho, Punheta, Sabonete listrado<br />
Halichoeres bivittatus<br />
250<br />
Carvalho-Filho (1999)<br />
Budião verde<br />
Budião azul, Budião sipica, Budião verde, Mangarueira, Radiatus,<br />
Sabonete brasileiro<br />
Halichoeres<br />
brasiliensis<br />
251<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Budião azul<br />
Mod. from Sampaio &<br />
Nottingham (2008)<br />
Budião ocelado<br />
Budião papagaio, Budião azul, Bodião dourado, Cianocéfalo,<br />
Ministro, Peixe rei, Sabonete cara amarela brasileiro<br />
Budião, Maculipina, Mangarueira, Sabonete ocelado<br />
Halichoeres dimidiatus<br />
252<br />
Halichoeres penrosei<br />
253<br />
Lima & Oliveira (1978)<br />
Sazima et al. (in press)<br />
Pan-American Journal <strong>of</strong> Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Barletta (2002)<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
Carvalho-Filho (1999)<br />
Freire, pers. comm.<br />
FREIRE & CARVALHO FILHO<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
Bindalo, Bodião, Bodião rei, Budião, Budião puxê, Budião verde, Budião puxê<br />
Gudião, Peixe rei, Poei, Poei verde, Punheta, Sabonete verde,<br />
Verdugo<br />
Bindalo, Bodião bindaló<br />
Budião bindalo<br />
NENHUM<br />
Cacuá do alto<br />
Sardinha, Sardinha casca dura, Sardinha cascuda, Sardinha lage, Sardinha lage<br />
Savelha<br />
Sardinha, Sardinha cascuda, Savelha cascuda<br />
Sardinha cascuda<br />
Cabeça dura, Cabeçudo, Cara de gato, Catarro, Palombeta do alto, Vento leste<br />
Vento leste, Vento leste do verão, Xixarro<br />
Agulha, Agulhinha, Panaguaiú<br />
Agulha azul<br />
Agulha, Agulha crioula, Agulha preta, Agulhinha, Farnangaio, Agulha preta<br />
Farnangalho, Peixe agulha, Tarangalho<br />
Halichoeres poeyi<br />
254<br />
Halichoeres radiatus<br />
255<br />
Halieuticthys aculeatus<br />
256<br />
Harengula clupeola<br />
257<br />
Harengula jaguana<br />
258<br />
Hemicaranx<br />
amblyrhynchus<br />
Hemiramphus balao<br />
259<br />
260<br />
Hemiramphus<br />
brasiliensis<br />
261<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Enguia de jardim<br />
manchada<br />
Enguia de jardim<br />
marrom<br />
NENHUM<br />
NENHUM<br />
Heteroconger<br />
camelopardalis<br />
Heteroconger<br />
longissimus<br />
262<br />
263<br />
Anon. (1976)<br />
Imperador, Olho de cão, Olho de cão das pedras, Olho de vidro, Olho de fogo<br />
Olho de fogo, Piranema<br />
Heteropriacanthus<br />
cruentatus<br />
264
<strong>Richness</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>reef</strong> <strong>fishes</strong><br />
Table III. List <strong>of</strong> all <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> associated with <strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>reef</strong> fish species and their unique name chosen according to the source presented (cont.).<br />
SOURCE<br />
UNIQUE NAME<br />
COMMON NAMES<br />
SPECIES<br />
Nº<br />
Freire, pers. comm.<br />
Raia raspadora<br />
NENHUM<br />
Himantura schmardae<br />
265<br />
Mod. from Nomura<br />
(1984)<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers.<br />
comm.<br />
Sampaio & Nottingham<br />
(2008)<br />
Brandão (1964)<br />
Cavalo marinho pintado<br />
Cavalinho, Cavalinho do mar, Cavalo marinho, Hipocampo<br />
Hippocampus erectus<br />
266<br />
Cavalo marinho mirim<br />
NENHUM<br />
Hippocampus<br />
patagonicus<br />
Hippocampus reidi<br />
267<br />
Cavalo marinho de<br />
focinho longo<br />
Voador comum<br />
Cavalinho, Cavalinho do mar, Cavalinho marinho, Cavalo marinho,<br />
Cavalo marinho de focinho longo<br />
Holandês, Peixe voador, Voador, Voador comum, Voador holandes<br />
268<br />
Hirundichthys affinis<br />
269<br />
Carvalho & Freire, pers.<br />
comm<br />
Sampaio & Nottingham<br />
(2008)<br />
Peixe sargasso<br />
Peixe doutor, Peixe pescador, Peixe sargaço<br />
Histrio histrio<br />
270<br />
Peixe anjo rainha<br />
Anjo rainha, Borboleta, Ciliaris, Enxada, Papu, Paru branco, Paru<br />
rajado, Parum amarelo, Parum dourado, Parum jandaia, Peixe anjo,<br />
Peixe anjo rainha, Peixe borboleta<br />
Holacanthus ciliaris<br />
271<br />
Carvalho & Branco<br />
(1977)<br />
Paru fumaça<br />
Enxada, Paru de pedra, Paru fumaça, Paru papagaio, Paru soldado,<br />
Parum dourado, Parum jandaia, Peixe borboleta, Peixe soldado,<br />
Soldado, Tambuatá, Tamuatá, Tricolor, Vigário<br />
Holacanthus tricolor<br />
272<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
Jaguareçá açú<br />
Cachaça, Jaguaraçá, Jaguareça, Jaguareçá, Jaguarica, Jaguariça,<br />
Jaguariçá, Jaguaruça, Jaguaruçá, Jaguriçá, João cachaça, João guriçá,<br />
Juguriçá, Mariquita, Mariquita olhão, Olho de vidro, Realito, Tararaca<br />
Holocentrus<br />
adscensionis<br />
273<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers.<br />
comm.<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers.<br />
comm.<br />
Freire, pers. comm.<br />
Tararaca<br />
Macaco de chifre<br />
Jaguareçá, Jaguariçá, Jaguariçá, Jaguaruçá, João cachaça, Juguriçá,<br />
Mariquita, Tararaca<br />
Macaco, Maria da toca<br />
Holocentrus rufus<br />
274<br />
Macaco ostra<br />
NENHUM<br />
FishBase<br />
Agulha fina<br />
Agulha, Agulhinha, Panaguaiu, Panaguaiú<br />
Hypleurochilus<br />
fissicornis<br />
Hypleurochilus<br />
pseudoaequipinnis<br />
Hyporhamphus roberti<br />
275<br />
276<br />
277<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
Agulha branca<br />
Agulha, Agulha branca, Farnangalho, Panaguaiú, Peixe agulha,<br />
Tarangalho<br />
Hyporhamphus<br />
unifasciatus<br />
278<br />
121<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers.<br />
comm.<br />
Sarampinho<br />
Macaquinho pavão, Sarampinho<br />
Hypsoblennius<br />
invemar<br />
279<br />
Pan-American Journal <strong>of</strong> Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145
122<br />
Table III. List <strong>of</strong> all <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> associated with <strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>reef</strong> fish species and their unique name chosen according to the source presented (cont.).<br />
SOURCE<br />
UNIQUE NAME<br />
COMMON NAMES<br />
SPECIES<br />
Nº<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Enguia bicuda<br />
NENHUM<br />
Ichthyapus ophioneus<br />
280<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Chicharro listrado<br />
NENHUM<br />
Inermia vittata<br />
281<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
Agulhão vela<br />
Agulhão, Agulhão bandeira, Agulhão de vela, Agulhão vela,<br />
Bacho, Basho, Bicudo, Espadim azul, Guebo, Guebucu,<br />
Guebuçu, Guebuçú, Sailfish<br />
Istiophorus platypterus<br />
282<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Falsa moréia marrom<br />
NENHUM<br />
Kaupichthys hyoproroides<br />
283<br />
Mod. from Szpilman (2000)<br />
Pirajica amarelada<br />
Pijirica, Pirabanha, Piraboca, Piragica, Pirajica, Piranjica,<br />
Quará, Salema do alto, Salema preta<br />
Kyphosus incisor<br />
284<br />
Mod. from Menezes &<br />
Figueiredo (1985)<br />
Pirajica preta<br />
Pirabanha, Piraboca, Piragica, Pirajica, Piramboca, Pirangica,<br />
Pirangica amarela, Pirangica comum, Piranjica, Quara, Salema<br />
açú, Salema do alto, Salema preta<br />
Kyphosus sectatrix<br />
285<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Maria da toca cricota<br />
Garrião<br />
Labrisomus cricota<br />
286<br />
Pan-American Journal <strong>of</strong> Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Maria da toca olhão<br />
Garrião, Guavina<br />
Labrisomus kalisherae<br />
287<br />
Mod. from Carvalho-Filho<br />
(1999)<br />
Maria da toca garrião<br />
Folha seca, Garguelo, Garrião, Garrião de papo vermelho,<br />
Garrião guloso, Garrião macaco, Guavina, Guloso, Imborê,<br />
Imborê de chio, Imborê folha seca, Macaco, Maria da toca,<br />
Mariongo, Moré, Peixe macaco, Quatro olhos<br />
Labrisomus nuchipinnis<br />
288<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Budião porco<br />
NENHUM<br />
Lachnolaimus maximus<br />
289<br />
FREIRE & CARVALHO FILHO<br />
Mod. from Soares (1988)<br />
Baiacu caixão pintado<br />
Baiacu caixão, Peixe c<strong>of</strong>re<br />
Lactophrys bicaudalis<br />
290<br />
Mod. from Nomura (1984)<br />
Baiacu caixão búfalo<br />
Baiacú, Baiacu caixão, Baiacu chifrudo, Baiacu c<strong>of</strong>re, Baiacu<br />
sem chifre, Baiacu sem espinhos, C<strong>of</strong>re, Ostracião, Peixe c<strong>of</strong>re,<br />
Peixe vaca, Taoca, Vaca sem chifre<br />
Lactophrys trigonus<br />
291<br />
Santos (1982)<br />
Guamaiacu apé<br />
Baiacu, Baiacu caixão, Baiacu c<strong>of</strong>re, Baiacu sem espinho,<br />
C<strong>of</strong>re, Guamaiacu apé, Ostracião, Peixe c<strong>of</strong>re, Peixe vaca,<br />
Taoca, Toaca, Vaca sem chifre<br />
Lactophrys triqueter<br />
292
<strong>Richness</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>reef</strong> <strong>fishes</strong><br />
Table III. List <strong>of</strong> all <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> associated with <strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>reef</strong> fish species and their unique name chosen according to the source presented (cont.).<br />
SOURCE<br />
UNIQUE NAME<br />
COMMON NAMES<br />
SPECIES<br />
Nº<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Miroró baiano<br />
NENHUM<br />
Letharchus aliculatus<br />
293<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Mariquita arlequim<br />
NENHUM<br />
Liopropoma carmabi<br />
294<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
Prejereba<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Baúna<br />
Brejereba, Cará do mar, Chancharrona, Crauaçu, Croaçu,<br />
Dorminhoco, Frejereba, Frejereva, Gereba, Peixe folha, Peixe<br />
sono, Pejereba, Pijareba, Piraca, Piracá, Piráca, Pirajeva, Prejereba,<br />
Prejereva, Xancarona, Xancarrona, Xanxarrona<br />
Baúna, Caranha de mangue, Carapitanga, Pargo mulato<br />
Lobotes surinamensis<br />
295<br />
Lutjanus alexandrei<br />
296<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
Cioba<br />
Carvalho & Branco (1977)<br />
Vermelho boca negra<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
Guaiúba<br />
Ariocó, Caranha, Caranha vermelha, Caranho, Caranho verdadeiro,<br />
Caranho vermelho, Carapitanga, Ceoba, Chioba, Cioba, Cioba<br />
verdadeira, Ciobinha, Cioquira, Guaiúba, Rabo aberto, Sioba,<br />
Siquira, Sirioba, Siriúba, Vermelho caranha, Vermelho cioba,<br />
Vermelho de fundo<br />
Boca negra, Pargo, Pargo boca negra, Pargo boca preta, Saçupema,<br />
Saçupema boca preta, Vermelho, Vermelho boca negra, Vermelho<br />
de fundo, Vermelho do fundo<br />
Caúba, Ceoba, Cioba, Cioba mulata, Gaiero, Goiúba, Guaiuba,<br />
Guaiúba, Guaiúva, Guajuba, Mulata, Rabo aberto, Rabo amarelo,<br />
Saioba, Sarmão, Saúba, Sioba, Siova, Sirioba<br />
Lutjanus analis<br />
297<br />
Lutjanus bucanella<br />
298<br />
Ocyurus chrysurus<br />
299<br />
Rocha & Costa (1999)<br />
Caranha do fundo<br />
Caranha, Caranha do fundo, Caranho, Vermelho caranho<br />
Lutjanus cyanopterus<br />
300<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
Dentão<br />
Cepene (2000)<br />
Pargo verdadeiro<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
Ariocó<br />
123<br />
Baúna, Baúna de fogo, Baúna do alto, Baúna fogo, Caranha,<br />
Carapitanga, Chiova, Cioba, Cioquira, Dentão, Pirá siririca, Sioba,<br />
Siobinha, Siririca, Vermelho, Vermelho dentão, Vermelho siriúba<br />
Acará aia, Acaraaia, Acarapitanga, Acarapuã, Caranha,<br />
Carapitanga, Caraputanga, Cherne vermelho, Dentão, Pargo, Pargo<br />
cachucho, Pargo olho de vidro, Pargo real, Pargo verdadeiro,<br />
Sacupema, Saçupema, Vermelho, Vermelho dentão, Vermelho do<br />
fundo<br />
Areiacó, Areocó, Ariacó, Aricó, Ariocó, Baúna, Caranho, Caranho<br />
verdadeiro, Caranho vermelho, Carapitanga, Ciobinha, Dentão,<br />
Oriocó, Siobinha, Siuquira, Vermelho, Vermelho aricó, Vermelho<br />
ariocó, Vermelho henrique, Vermelho verdadeiro, Vermelho xióva<br />
Lutjanus jocu<br />
301<br />
Lutjanus purpureus<br />
302<br />
Lutjanus synagris<br />
303<br />
Pan-American Journal <strong>of</strong> Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145
124<br />
Table III. List <strong>of</strong> all <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> associated with <strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>reef</strong> fish species and their unique name chosen according to the source presented (cont.).<br />
SOURCE<br />
UNIQUE NAME<br />
COMMON NAMES<br />
SPECIES<br />
Nº<br />
Rocha & Costa (1999)<br />
Vermelho olho amarelo<br />
Acará aia, Acarapitanga, Carapitanga, Cherne vermelho,<br />
Dentão, Olho de vidro, Papaterra estrela, Pargo olho de<br />
vidro, Vermelho, Vermelho de olho amarelo, Vermelho do<br />
fundo, Vermelho olho amarelo, Vidrado<br />
Lutjanus vivanus<br />
304<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Amoré arlequim<br />
NENHUM<br />
Lythrypnus brasiliensis<br />
305<br />
Cepene (2000)<br />
Agulhão negro<br />
Agulhão, Agulhão azul, Agulhão negro, Agulhão preto,<br />
Espadarte preto, Kurokawa, Marlim azul, Marlim azul do<br />
Atlântico, Marlin, Marlin azul, Merlim<br />
Makaira nigricans<br />
306<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
Mod. from Carvalho-Filho<br />
(1999)<br />
Mod. from Carvalho-Filho<br />
(1999)<br />
Pirá<br />
Macaquinho comum<br />
Bom nome, Peixe da rainha, Peixe pica, Pirá<br />
Macaquinho<br />
Malacanthus plumieri<br />
Malacoctenus delalandei<br />
307<br />
308<br />
Jamanta gigante<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
Camurupim<br />
Arraia boca de gaveta, Arraia duas cabeças, Diabo do mar,<br />
Jamanta, Manta, Morcego do mar, Peixe diabo, Raia jamanta<br />
Camaripim, Camarupi, Camarupim, Camarupim tarpão,<br />
Camburupu, Camorubi, Camorupim, Camuripema,<br />
Camuripi, Camuripim, Camurupi, Camurupim, Camurupim<br />
pema, Cangôa, Cangurupi, Cangurupim, Canjurupi,<br />
Canjurupim, Conjurupi, Parapema, Pema, Perapema,<br />
Pirapema, Pomboca, Tarpão<br />
Manta birostris<br />
309<br />
Megalops atlanticus<br />
310<br />
Pan-American Journal <strong>of</strong> Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145<br />
Carvalho & Branco (1977)<br />
Cangulo preto<br />
Cangulo, Cangulo fernande, Cangulo francês, Cangulo<br />
negro, Cangulo preto, Me pega por favor, Niger, Peixe<br />
porco, Peroá preto<br />
Melichthys niger<br />
311<br />
FREIRE & CARVALHO FILHO<br />
Freire, pers. comm.<br />
Peixe lombriga baiano<br />
NENHUM<br />
Microdesmus bahianus<br />
312<br />
FishBase<br />
Peixe lombriga rosa<br />
NENHUM<br />
Microdesmus longipinnis<br />
313<br />
Mod. from Szpilman (2000)<br />
Peixe cachimbo preto<br />
Agulha do mar, Peixe cachimbo<br />
Micrognathus crinitus<br />
314<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
FishBase<br />
Peixe cachimbo estrela<br />
Amoré de listra amarela<br />
NENHUM<br />
NENHUM<br />
Micrognathus erugatus<br />
Microgobius carri<br />
315<br />
316
<strong>Richness</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>reef</strong> <strong>fishes</strong><br />
Table III. List <strong>of</strong> all <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> associated with <strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>reef</strong> fish species and their unique name chosen according to the source presented (cont.).<br />
SOURCE<br />
UNIQUE NAME<br />
COMMON NAMES<br />
SPECIES<br />
Nº<br />
Mod. from Nomura (1984)<br />
Peixe sabiá<br />
Peixe cachimbo, Sabiá<br />
Microphis brachyurus<br />
317<br />
Carvalho-Filho (1999)<br />
Donzela azul<br />
Chrysurus, Crisurus, Donzela azul, Jóia<br />
Microspathodon chrysurus<br />
318<br />
Carvalho-Filho (1999)<br />
FishBase<br />
Jamanta mirim<br />
Jamanta de cauda<br />
espinhosa<br />
Arraia boca de gaveta, Jamanta, Jamanta mirim<br />
Arraia boca de gaveta<br />
Mobula hypostoma<br />
Mobula japanica<br />
319<br />
320<br />
FishBase<br />
Jamanta chilena<br />
Arraia boca de gaveta<br />
Mobula tarapacana<br />
321<br />
FishBase<br />
Jamanta de cauda lisa<br />
Arraia boca de gaveta<br />
Mobula thurstoni<br />
322<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
Peixe lua<br />
Lua, Peixe lua, Peixe roda, Sol<br />
Mola mola<br />
323<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Porquinho de franja<br />
Cangulo, Cangulo de fernando, Peixe porco, Peruá, Pirá aca,<br />
Piraaca, Porquinho<br />
Monacanthus ciliatus<br />
324<br />
FishBase<br />
Enguia macarrão<br />
NENHUM<br />
Moringua edwardsi<br />
325<br />
Mod. from Szpilman (2000)<br />
Tainha pratiqueira<br />
Caíca, Mondego, Parati, Paratí, Parati guaçú, Parati olho de<br />
fogo, Paratibu, Paratiguera, Pratiqueira, Pratiquera, Sassaiuba,<br />
Saúna, Saúna olho de fogo, Solé, Tainha, Tainha de olho<br />
amarelo, Tainha do olho amarelo, Tainha do olho preto, Tainha<br />
parati, Tainha pitiu, Tainha sajuba, Tainha verdadeira<br />
Mugil curema<br />
326<br />
Mod. from Ferreira & Cava<br />
(2001)<br />
Saramonete amarelo<br />
Salmonete, Saramonete, Saramunete, Trilha, Trilha amarela<br />
Mulloidichthys martinicus<br />
327<br />
FishBase<br />
Moréia colméia<br />
NENHUM<br />
Muraena melanotis<br />
328<br />
Carvalho-Filho (1999)<br />
Moréia pavão<br />
Caramuru de chifre, Moréia de pintas brancas, Moréia pavão,<br />
Moréia pintada<br />
Muraena pavonina<br />
329<br />
Carvalho-Filho (1999)<br />
Moréia de roseta<br />
Moréia de roseta<br />
Muraena retifera<br />
330<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
Badejo mira<br />
Carvalho-Filho (1999)<br />
Badejo quadrado<br />
125<br />
Badejete, Badejo mira, Badejo saltão, Mira, Miracelo, Saltão,<br />
Serigado tapoã<br />
Badejo, Badejo ferro, Badejo preto, Badejo quadrado, Cerigado<br />
preto, Quadradinho, Serigado, Serigado preto, Sirigado<br />
Mycteroperca acutirostris<br />
331<br />
Mycteroperca bonaci<br />
332<br />
Pan-American Journal <strong>of</strong> Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145
126<br />
Table III. List <strong>of</strong> all <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> associated with <strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>reef</strong> fish species and their unique name chosen according to the source presented (cont.).<br />
SOURCE<br />
Szpilman (2000)<br />
UNIQUE NAME<br />
Badejo amarelo<br />
COMMON NAMES<br />
Água fria, Badejo, Badejo amarelo, Cabra, Cabrinha, Mané<br />
nego, Pirambeba, Serigado, Sirigado<br />
SPECIES<br />
Mycteroperca interstitialis<br />
Nº<br />
333<br />
Suzuki (1986)<br />
Badejo de areia<br />
Badejo, Badejo bicudo, Badejo branco, Badejo brando,<br />
Badejo da areia, Badejo de areia, Badejo saltão, Badejo<br />
sapateiro, Garoupa, Serigado badejo<br />
Badejo, Badejo mira, Badejo tigre, Serigado, Sirigado<br />
Mycteroperca microlepis<br />
334<br />
Szpilman (2000)<br />
Suzuki (1986)<br />
Badejo tigre<br />
Badejo ferro<br />
Mycteroperca tigris<br />
Mycteroperca venenosa<br />
335<br />
336<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Miroró de pintas brancas<br />
Ferreira & Cava (2001)<br />
Mututuca<br />
Carvalho-Filho (1999)<br />
Fogueira<br />
Badejo, Badejo ferro, Badejo serigado, Badejo vermelho,<br />
Piragia, Piragira, Pirangira, Serigado ferro, Sirigado,<br />
Sirigado panã<br />
Miriquitis, Miroró, Miroró pintado, Murucutuca pintada,<br />
Mutuca<br />
Miriquitis amarela, Moréia, Muriongo, Murucutuca ocelada,<br />
Mutuca, Mututuca<br />
Fogueira, Juguaraçá, Mariquita, Mariquita do alto, Mariquita<br />
olhão, Miripristis, Olho de vidro, Peixe gato, Pirapiranga,<br />
Vovó de mariquita<br />
Myrichthys breviceps<br />
337<br />
Myrichthys ocellatus<br />
338<br />
Myripristis jacobus<br />
339<br />
Pan-American Journal <strong>of</strong> Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Carvalho-Filho (1999)<br />
Muriongo narigudo<br />
Muriongo mirim<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Treme treme do norte<br />
NENHUM<br />
Congro, Enguia, Moréia, Muriongo, Muriongo mirim,<br />
Miroró de rio<br />
NENHUM<br />
Myrophis platyrhynchus<br />
Myrophis punctatus<br />
340<br />
341<br />
Narcine bancr<strong>of</strong>ti<br />
342<br />
Mod. from Nomura (1984)<br />
Treme treme do sul<br />
Arraia, Arraia elétrica, Emplasto, Raia elétrica, Raia<br />
emplasto, Raia treme treme, Treme treme, Tremelga<br />
Narcine brasiliensis<br />
343<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
Peixe piloto<br />
FREIRE & CARVALHO FILHO<br />
Mod. from Nomura (1984)<br />
Tubarão limão<br />
Camisa de meia, Ductor, Peixe piloto, Piloto, Remeiro,<br />
Romeiro<br />
Cação limão<br />
Naucrates ductor<br />
344<br />
Negaprion brevirostris<br />
345<br />
FishBase<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Carvalho-Filho (1999)<br />
Enguia de crista<br />
Papagaio esmeralda<br />
Mangona lisa<br />
Pescada de pedra<br />
NENHUM<br />
Budião, Budião batata, Budião sabonete<br />
NENHUM<br />
Corvina dos recifes, Dentudo, Maria mole, Pescada, Pescada<br />
cambucu, Pescada canguçu, Pescada cascuda, Pescada de<br />
pedra, Pescada dentuça, Pescada dentuda, Pirucaia<br />
Neoconger mucronatus<br />
Nicholsina usta<br />
Odontaspis ferox<br />
Odontoscion dentex<br />
346<br />
347<br />
348<br />
349
<strong>Richness</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>reef</strong> <strong>fishes</strong><br />
Table III. List <strong>of</strong> all <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> associated with <strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>reef</strong> fish species and their unique name chosen according to the source presented (cont.).<br />
SOURCE<br />
UNIQUE NAME<br />
COMMON NAMES<br />
SPECIES<br />
Nº<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Cepa (1978)<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Mod. from Nomura (1984)<br />
Bacacuá<br />
Batimbau<br />
Cacuá<br />
Peixe morcego<br />
verdadeiro<br />
Mod. from Nomura (1984)<br />
Guaivira amarela<br />
Peixe morcego, cacuá, bacacuá<br />
Batimbau, Peixe morcego<br />
Cacuá, Peixe morcego, Pirá andirá<br />
Bacacuá, Cachimbo, Cacuá, Guacari, Guacu cuia, Guacucuia,<br />
Oncocéfalo, Peixe cachimbo, Peixe morcego, Peixe morcego do<br />
focinho longo, Pirá andirá<br />
Gaivira, Guaibira, Guaivira, Salteira, Tibiro, Tibiro amarelo,<br />
Tibiro de couro<br />
Ogcocephalus declivirostris<br />
Ogcocephalus nasutus<br />
Ogcocephalus notatus<br />
Ogcocephalus vespertilio<br />
350<br />
351<br />
352<br />
353<br />
Oligoplites palometa<br />
354<br />
Mod. from Nomura (1984)<br />
Guaivira salteira<br />
Gaivira, Guaivira, Guajuvira, Guarivira, Guavira, Guivira,<br />
Salteira, Solteira, Táboa, Tibiro, Tibiro saltador, Xaveia, Xavéia<br />
Oligoplites saliens<br />
355<br />
Mod. from Nomura (1984)<br />
Guaivira branca<br />
Cavaco, Gaivira, Goivira, Guaibira, Guaivira, Guajuvira,<br />
Guaravira, Guarivira, Guavira, Pamparrona, Salteira, Solteira,<br />
Tábua, Tibiro, Tibiro branco, Tiburo<br />
Oligoplites saurus<br />
356<br />
Mod. from FishBase<br />
Macaco de mordaça<br />
Rosa (1980)<br />
Porongo<br />
NENHUM<br />
Cobra do mar, Jucutuca, Moréia, Muçum, Muçum do mar,<br />
Omobranchus punctatus<br />
357<br />
Ophichthus cylindroideus<br />
358<br />
Mod. from Suzuki (1986)<br />
Miroró pintado<br />
Muçum pintado, Muriongo<br />
Ophichthus ophis<br />
359<br />
Carvalho-Filho (1999)<br />
Miro<br />
Congro, Congro rosa, Falso congro, Miro<br />
Ophidion holbrooki<br />
360<br />
Carvalho-Filho (1999)<br />
Macaco de rabo<br />
vermelho<br />
Blênio, Macaco de rabo vermelho, Maria da toca oceânico<br />
Ophioblennius trinitatis<br />
361<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
127<br />
Caiçara, Maçambê, Manjuba, Manjuba lombo azul, Manjubão, Sardinha bandeira<br />
Moromba, Sardinha, Sardinha azul, Sardinha baleia, Sardinha<br />
bandeira, Sardinha barriga larga, Sardinha branca rio ribeira,<br />
Sardinha chata, Sardinha da lage, Sardinha de galha, Sardinha de<br />
gato, Sardinha de penacho, Sardinha do alto, Sardinha facão,<br />
Sardinha falcão, Sardinha gaia, Sardinha galho, Sardinha gato,<br />
Sardinha gulosa, Sardinha lage, Sardinha lais, Sardinha laje,<br />
Sardinha larga, Sardinha lombo azul, Sardinha maromba,<br />
Sardinha penacho, Sardinha peú, Sardinha preta, Sardinha roliça,<br />
Sardinha verdadeira, Sardinha verde, Sargo, Xangó<br />
Opisthonema oglinum<br />
362<br />
Pan-American Journal <strong>of</strong> Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145
128<br />
Table III. List <strong>of</strong> all <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> associated with <strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>reef</strong> fish species and their unique name chosen according to the source presented<br />
Nº SPECIES<br />
COMMON NAMES<br />
UNIQUE NAME SOURCE<br />
363 Opistognathus brasiliensis NENHUM<br />
Bocão do alto<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Bocão da boca amarela<br />
NENHUM<br />
Opistognathus cuvieri<br />
364<br />
FishBase<br />
Bocão bigode<br />
NENHUM<br />
Opistognathus lonchurus<br />
365<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Pacamão estrangeiro<br />
NENHUM<br />
Opsanus beta<br />
366<br />
Szpilman (2000)<br />
Cocoroca jurumirim<br />
From English (Carvalho<br />
Filho, 1999)<br />
FishBase<br />
Soldado do olho grande<br />
Cambuba, Canguito, Cocoroca, Cocoroca comum,<br />
Cocoroca jumirim, Cocoroca jurumin, Cocoroca jurumiri,<br />
Cocoroca jurumirim, Cocoroca verdadeira, Corcoroca,<br />
Corcoroca da pedra, Corcoroca jurumim, Corcoroca<br />
jurumiri, Corcoroca jurumirim, Corcoroca legítima,<br />
Corcoroca verdadeira, Coró de pedra, Cotinga, Sapuruna,<br />
Uribaco<br />
NENHUM<br />
Orthopristis ruber<br />
367<br />
Ostichthys trachypoma<br />
368<br />
Congro fantasma<br />
NENHUM<br />
Otophidium chickcharney<br />
369<br />
Pan-American Journal <strong>of</strong> Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145<br />
Carvalho Filho & Freire,<br />
pers. comm.<br />
Congro dorminhoco<br />
NENHUM<br />
Otophidium dormitator<br />
370<br />
FishBase<br />
Amoré nadadeira pintada<br />
NENHUM<br />
Oxyurichthys<br />
stigmalophius<br />
371<br />
Cepene (2000)<br />
FREIRE & CARVALHO FILHO<br />
Mod. from IBAMA Inst.<br />
Normativa 14/2004<br />
Pagro, Palgo, Pargo, Pargo amarelo, Pargo liso, Pargo Pargo rosa<br />
olho de vidro, Pargo rosa, Pargo róseo, Pargo vermelho<br />
Blênio, Maria da toca das algas<br />
Macaco das algas<br />
Pagrus pagrus<br />
372<br />
Parablennius marmoreus<br />
373<br />
Mod. from IBAMA Inst.<br />
Normativa 14/2004<br />
Macaco das pedras<br />
Blênio, Macaco, Maria da toca, Maria da toca das pedras<br />
Parablennius pilicornis<br />
374<br />
Carvalho-Filho (1999)<br />
Macaquinho de mancha<br />
verde<br />
Macaquinho de mancha verde<br />
Paraclinus arcanus<br />
375<br />
Mod. from IBAMA Inst.<br />
Normativa 14/2004<br />
Macaquinho verde<br />
Macaco verde<br />
Paraclinus rubicundus<br />
376
<strong>Richness</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>reef</strong> <strong>fishes</strong><br />
Table III. List <strong>of</strong> all <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> associated with <strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>reef</strong> fish species and their unique name chosen according to the source presented (cont.).<br />
SOURCE<br />
UNIQUE NAME<br />
COMMON NAMES<br />
SPECIES<br />
Nº<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Macaquinho de vela<br />
NENHUM<br />
Paraclinus spectator<br />
377<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Mané velho<br />
Mané velho<br />
Paralabrax dewegeri<br />
378<br />
Carvalho-Filho (1999)<br />
Linguado de praia<br />
Univali (2004)<br />
Linguado transparente<br />
Catraio, Lenguado, Lenguado de praia, Linguado, Linguado<br />
aramaçá, Linguado de praia, Linguado preto, Rodovalho,<br />
Solha, Solha aramaçá<br />
Linguado, Linguado areia, Linguado de areia, Linguado<br />
transparente<br />
Paralichthys brasiliensis<br />
379<br />
Paralichthys isosceles<br />
380<br />
Avila da Silva & Carneiro<br />
(2003)<br />
Linguado branco<br />
Linguado, Linguado branco<br />
Paralichthys patagonicus<br />
381<br />
FishBase<br />
Linguado tropical<br />
Linguado, Solha<br />
Paralichthys tropicus<br />
382<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
Pargo mirim<br />
Boquinha, Esquentamento, Namorado, Pargo mirim, Pargo<br />
pincel, Peixe santo<br />
Paranthias furcifer<br />
383<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
Maria nagô<br />
Anteninha, Bandeirinha, Bilró, Cabeça de coco, Doutor,<br />
Equetos, Equetus, Maria nagô, Obispo, Submarino<br />
Pareques acuminatus<br />
384<br />
Do inglês (Carvalho Filho,<br />
1999)<br />
Voador vela<br />
Peixe voador, Voador<br />
Parexocoetus brachypterus<br />
385<br />
Carvalho-Filho (1999)<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Machadinha, Manteiga, Olhudo, Papudinha, Pelada, Piaba Piaba do mar<br />
do mar, Sardinha barriguda, Sardinha do mar brabo,<br />
Sardinha gorda, Sardinha ouro<br />
NENHUM<br />
Muriongo comprido<br />
Apogon pintado, Cardeal pintado, Olhão, Totó, Totó chita, Totó chita<br />
Totó pintadinho<br />
Pempheris schomburgki<br />
386<br />
Phaenomonas longissima<br />
387<br />
Phaeoptyx pigmentaria<br />
388<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
Michole quati<br />
FishBase<br />
Agulha rabo de quilha<br />
Batata, Michole quati, Mixole coati, Mixole quati,<br />
Namorado<br />
Agulha, Agulhão<br />
Pinguipes brasilianus<br />
389<br />
Platybelone argalus<br />
390<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Tanduju tigre<br />
NENHUM<br />
Platygillellus brasiliensis<br />
391<br />
129<br />
Carvalho-Filho (1999)<br />
Fusquinha<br />
Fusquinha, Plectripops, Plic ploc, Soldado<br />
Plectrypops retrospinis<br />
392<br />
Pan-American Journal <strong>of</strong> Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145
130<br />
Table III. List <strong>of</strong> all <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> associated with <strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>reef</strong> fish species and their unique name chosen according to the source presented (cont.).<br />
SOURCE<br />
UNIQUE NAME<br />
COMMON NAMES<br />
SPECIES<br />
Nº<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Barbudo piraguaba<br />
Carvalho & Branco (1977)<br />
Barbudo amarelo<br />
Barbudinho, Barbudo, Parati barbado, Parati barbudo,<br />
Piracuaba, Piraguá, Piraguaba, Tainha barbuda<br />
Barbado, Barbudo, Barbudo amarelo, Parati barbado, Parati<br />
barbudo, Parati de barba, Piracuaba, Piraguaba<br />
Polydactylus oligodon<br />
393<br />
Polydactylus virginicus<br />
394<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
Paru beija moça<br />
Arcuatus, Enxada, Frade, Frade cinza, Gordinho, Jandaia,<br />
Mercador, Paru, Paru beija moça, Paru bordado, Paru branco,<br />
Paru cinza, Paru da pedra, Parú da pedra, Paru dourado, Paru<br />
frade, Paru fumaça, Paru listrado, Paru preto, Parum dourado,<br />
Parumbeba, Peixe frade, Perambeba, Sambuio<br />
Pomacanthus arcuatus<br />
395<br />
Suzuki (1986)<br />
Frade<br />
Lima & Oliveira (1978)<br />
Coró boca roxa<br />
Enxada, Frade, Frede, Jandaia, Paru, Parú, Paru da pedra, Paru<br />
de pedra, Paru frade, Paru listrado, Paru preto, Parum dourado,<br />
Peixe anjo<br />
Abiquara, Arrebenta panela, Biquara, Cocoroca, Cocoroca<br />
legítima, Corcoroca, Corcoroca legítima, Corcoroca verdadeira,<br />
Coró, Coró boca roxa, Coró branco, Coroque branco, Juquiri<br />
branco, Roncador<br />
Pomacanthus paru<br />
396<br />
Pomadasys corvinaeformis<br />
397<br />
Pan-American Journal <strong>of</strong> Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
Enchova<br />
Anchova, Anchoveta, Anchovinha, Anxova, Enchova, Enchova<br />
baeta, Enchoveta, Enchoveta baeta, Enchovinha, Enxova,<br />
Enxoveta, Marisqueira, Perna de moça, Piquitinga<br />
Pomatomus saltatrix<br />
398<br />
Rosa (1980)<br />
Beatriz<br />
Beatinha, Beatriz, Biatriz, Mamangá liso, Mamangava<br />
Porichthys kymosemeum<br />
399<br />
Figueiredo & Menezes<br />
(1978)<br />
Mangangá liso<br />
Aniquim de areia, Bacalhau, Bagre sapo, Magangá, Mamangá<br />
liso, Mamangava, Mangangá, Mangangá liso, Monaguaba,<br />
Niquim, Peixe fosforescente, Peixe sapo, Piramangaba<br />
Porichthys porosissimus<br />
400<br />
FREIRE & CARVALHO FILHO<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
Olho de cão<br />
Cantador, Figueira, Fogueira, Imperador, Mirassol, Olhão, Olho<br />
de boi, Olho de cão, Olho de fogo, Olho de vidro, Olho do<br />
diabo, Piranema, Pirapema<br />
Priacanthus arenatus<br />
401<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Amoré pijama<br />
NENHUM<br />
Priolepis dawsoni<br />
402<br />
Freire & Carvalho-Filho,<br />
pers. comm.<br />
Amoré ferrugem<br />
NENHUM<br />
Priolepis hipoliti<br />
403
<strong>Richness</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>reef</strong> <strong>fishes</strong><br />
Table III. List <strong>of</strong> all <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> associated with <strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>reef</strong> fish species and their unique name chosen according to the source presented (cont.).<br />
SOURCE<br />
UNIQUE NAME<br />
COMMON NAMES<br />
SPECIES<br />
Nº<br />
Suzuki (1986)<br />
Tubarão azul<br />
Mod. from Nomura (1984)<br />
Cabrinha Santo Antônio<br />
Azul, Bico doce, Cação azul, Cação focinhudo, Cação mole<br />
mole, Focinhudo, Lombo preto, Mole mole, Tubarão azul,<br />
Cabra, Cabrinha, Cascudo, Peixe cabra, Voador bico de<br />
pato, Voador de pedra, Voador Santo Antônio<br />
Prionace glauca<br />
404<br />
Prionotus punctatus<br />
405<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Piranema do fundo<br />
Cassumba de mero, Olhão, Piranema, Piranema do fundo<br />
Pristigenys alta<br />
406<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Vermelho voraz<br />
Vermelho voraz<br />
Pristipomoides aquilonaris<br />
407<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Borboleta bicuda<br />
Borboleta, Borboleta bicuda, Borboleta trombeta<br />
Prognathodes brasiliensis<br />
408<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Borboleta de fundo<br />
Prognathodes guyannensis NENHUM<br />
409<br />
Mod. from Sampaio &<br />
Nottingham (2008)<br />
Borboleta dos penedos<br />
Peixe borboleta de São Pedro e São Paulo<br />
Prognathodes<br />
obliquus<br />
410<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Voador do raso<br />
Voador, Peixe voador<br />
Prognichthys occidentalis<br />
411<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Língua de lixa<br />
NENHUM<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
Garapoá<br />
Falsa guarajuba, Garapoá, Guaracimbora, Pracumandá,<br />
Xaréu, Xaréu branco<br />
Pronotogrammus<br />
duplicidentatus<br />
Pseudocaranx dentex<br />
412<br />
413<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Sabaõzinho do alto<br />
NENHUM<br />
Pseudogramma gregoryi<br />
414<br />
Rocha & Costa (1999)<br />
Namorado verdadeiro<br />
Namorado, Namorado verdadeiro<br />
Pseudopercis numida<br />
415<br />
Rocha & Costa (1999)<br />
Namorado listrado<br />
Namorado, Namorado listrado<br />
Pseudopercis<br />
semifasciatus<br />
416<br />
Mod. from Nomura (1984)<br />
Saramonete pintado<br />
FishBase<br />
Amoré sapo<br />
Beija moça, Canaiú, Pirametara, Sabonete, Salamonete,<br />
Salmão pequeno, Salmonejo, Salmonete, Salmonete da<br />
pedra, Saramonete, Saramunete, Trilha<br />
NENHUM<br />
Pseudupeneus maculatus<br />
417<br />
Psilotris batrachodes<br />
418<br />
131<br />
FishBase<br />
Amoré de espinho grande<br />
NENHUM<br />
Psilotris celsus<br />
419<br />
Pan-American Journal <strong>of</strong> Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145
132<br />
Table III. List <strong>of</strong> all <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> associated with <strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>reef</strong> fish species and their unique name chosen according to the source presented (cont.).<br />
SOURCE<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
UNIQUE NAME<br />
COMMON NAMES<br />
SPECIES<br />
Nº<br />
Linha azul<br />
NENHUM<br />
Ptereleotris randalli<br />
420<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
Miroró de pintas pretas<br />
Bijupirá<br />
NENHUM<br />
Beijo pirá, Beijupirá, Beiupirá, Bejupirá, Bijupirá, Biupirá,<br />
Cação de escama, Cação de escamas, Canado, Chancarona,<br />
Parabiju, Parambeju, Parambiju, Parambijú, Paramiju,<br />
Parandiju, Peixe rei, Pirá biju, Pirabeju, Pirabiju, Pirambiju,<br />
Pirapiju<br />
Quassiremus ascensionis<br />
Rachycentron canadum<br />
421<br />
422<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Mod. from Szpilman (2000)<br />
Congrinho de praia<br />
Rêmora de baleia<br />
Mod. from Suzuki (1986)<br />
Rêmora comum<br />
Mod. from Nomura (1984)<br />
Rêmora branca<br />
Congro, Lagarto do mar<br />
Rêmora<br />
Agarrador, Pegador, Peixe pegador, Peixe piolho, Piolho de<br />
cação, Piolho de tubarão, Piraquiba, Rémora, Rêmora<br />
Pegador, Rêmora<br />
Raneya brasiliensis<br />
Remora australis<br />
423<br />
424<br />
Remora remora<br />
425<br />
Remorina albescens<br />
426<br />
Suzuki (1986)<br />
Tubarão baleia<br />
Cação estrela, Pintadinho, Tubarão baleia<br />
Rhincodon typus<br />
427<br />
Pan-American Journal <strong>of</strong> Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145<br />
Mod. from Nomura (1984)<br />
Raia viola brasileira<br />
Arraia viola, Cação viola, Raia viola, Viola<br />
Rhinobatos horkeli<br />
428<br />
FishBase<br />
Mod. from Nomura (1984)<br />
Raia viola do Atlântico<br />
Raia viola do sul<br />
NENHUM<br />
Arraia viola, Cação viola, Guitarra, Raia viola, Viola<br />
Rhinobatos lentiginosus<br />
Rhinobatos percellens<br />
429<br />
430<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
Ticonha<br />
Arraia cabocla, Arraia moitão, Raia, Raia focinho de vaca, Raia<br />
sapo, Raia ticonha, Ticonha, Raia-Boi, Arraia-de-duas-cabeças,<br />
Arraia-jamborana<br />
Rhinoptera bonasus<br />
431<br />
FREIRE & CARVALHO FILHO<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Raia boi<br />
Arraia ticonha, Raia boi, Ticonha<br />
Rhinoptera brasiliensis<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Cação alecrim<br />
Bico de surela, Bico de suvela, Bico fino, Bicudinho, Caçonete,<br />
Cação aipim, Cação alecrim, Cação alegrim, Cação anjo, Cação<br />
babaqueiro, Cação bicudo, Cação de bico doce, Cação fidalgo,<br />
Cação frango, Cação frango olhudo, Cação babaqueiro, Cação<br />
rabo seco, Cor de enx<strong>of</strong>re, Cucuri, Fecha venda, Frango,<br />
Figuinho, lauê, Lustroso, Rabo seco, Sicuri, Sucuri, Tubarão<br />
frango, Tubarão frango olhudo<br />
Rhizoprionodon lalandii<br />
432<br />
433
<strong>Richness</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>reef</strong> <strong>fishes</strong><br />
Table III. List <strong>of</strong> all <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> associated with <strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>reef</strong> fish species and their unique name chosen according to the source presented (cont.).<br />
SOURCE<br />
UNIQUE NAME<br />
COMMON NAMES<br />
SPECIES<br />
Nº<br />
Carvalho-Filho (1999)<br />
Cação frango<br />
Carvalho-Filho (1999)<br />
Realito<br />
Cação, Cação alecrim, Cação bicudo, Cação de praia, Cação<br />
fidalgo, Cação frango, Cação rabo seco, Caçonete, Cucuri,<br />
Fecha venda, Figuinho, Frango<br />
Arcoco, Areocó, Caranha, Carapitanga, Chioba, Chiova, Cioba,<br />
Ciova, Mulata, Paramirim, Pargo pinanga, Pargo piranga,<br />
Piranga, Realito, Sioba, Siobinha, Vermelha do ar,<br />
Vermelhinho, Vermelho, Vermelho olho mole, Vermelho<br />
paramirim, Vermelho piranga, Xióva<br />
Rhizoprionodon porosus<br />
434<br />
Rhomboplites aurorubens<br />
435<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Macaquinho do sul<br />
NENHUM<br />
Ribeiroclinus<br />
eigenmanni<br />
436<br />
Rangel & Freire, pers.<br />
comm.<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Amoré de esponja<br />
NENHUM<br />
Risor rubber<br />
437<br />
Badejo sabão mirim<br />
Badejo sabão, Badejo sabão pintalgado, Sabão<br />
Rypticus bistrispinus<br />
438<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Badejo sabão marrom<br />
Badejo sabão, Peixe sabão<br />
Rypticus randalli<br />
439<br />
Sampaio & Nottingham<br />
(2008)<br />
Badejo sabão comum<br />
Badejo, Badejo sabão, Badejo sabão comum, Cerigado sabão,<br />
Peixe sabão, Sabão, Sabonete, Saramonete, Serigado sabão<br />
Rypticus saponaceus<br />
440<br />
Mod. from Szpilman (2000)<br />
Badejo sabão pintado<br />
Badejo sabão<br />
Rypticus subbifrenatus<br />
441<br />
Avila da Silva & Carneiro<br />
(2003)<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
Bonito serrinha<br />
Sardinha charuto<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
Sardinha verdadeira<br />
133<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Jaguareçá listrado<br />
Baquara, Bonito, Bonito atlântico, Bonito serrinha, Cavala,<br />
Sarda, Sarrajão, Serra, Serra comum, Serra de escama, Serra<br />
Alacha, Maromba, Sardinha, Sardinha charuto, Sardinha de lata,<br />
Sardinha legítima, Sardinha maromba, Sardinha verdadeira,<br />
Sardinha verdadeira grande, Sardinha verdadeira pequena<br />
Biribiri, Boca torta, Charuto, Escamuda, Manjuvão, Maromba,<br />
Sardinha, Sardinha azul, Sardinha charuto, Sardinha de galha,<br />
Sardinha do reino, Sardinha legítima, Sardinha maromba,<br />
Sardinha verdadeira<br />
NENHUM<br />
Sarda sarda<br />
442<br />
Sardinella aurita<br />
443<br />
Sardinella janeiro<br />
444<br />
Sargocentron bullisi<br />
445<br />
Pan-American Journal <strong>of</strong> Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145
134<br />
Table III. List <strong>of</strong> all <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> associated with <strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>reef</strong> fish species and their unique name chosen according to the source presented (cont.).<br />
SOURCE<br />
UNIQUE NAME<br />
COMMON NAMES<br />
SPECIES<br />
Nº<br />
Mod. from Nomura (1984) &<br />
Carvalho-Filho (1999)<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Marachomba verde<br />
Marachomba de trindade<br />
Macaco, Macaco verde, Marachomba, Maria da toca, Peixe<br />
macaco<br />
NENHUM<br />
Scartella cristata<br />
446<br />
Scartella poiti<br />
447<br />
Szpilman (2000)<br />
Papagaio azul<br />
Mod. from Ferreira & Cava (2001)<br />
Papagaio banana<br />
Bico verde, Budião, Budião azul, Budião preto, Budião<br />
roxo, Budião una, Peixe papagaio, Papagaio preto,<br />
Papagaio una<br />
Budião banana, Peixe papagaio zelinda, Scarus banana<br />
Scarus trispinosus<br />
448<br />
Scarus zelindae<br />
449<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
Cavala sardinheira<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
Serra<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
Cavala<br />
Pan-American Journal <strong>of</strong> Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145<br />
Carvalho & Branco (1977)<br />
Serra pininga<br />
Cavala, Cavala de reino, Cavala do reino, Cavala<br />
sardinheira, Cavalinha, Muzundo, Muzundu, Muzundum,<br />
Periquito, Serra de escama, Sororoca<br />
Caroroca, Cavala, Cavala pintada, Escalda mar, Sarda,<br />
Serra, Serrá, Serra pima, Serra pininga, Serrapinima,<br />
Serrinha, Sororoca, Sororóca<br />
Cavala, Cavala aipim, Cavala branca, Cavala impingem,<br />
Cavala perna de moça, Cavala preta, Cavala sardinheira,<br />
Cavala verdadeira, Perna de moça, Serra, Sororoca<br />
Cavala, Cavala boca larga, Cavala branca, Cavala canguçu,<br />
Cavala pintada, Cavala sardinheira, Cavala serra, Serra,<br />
Serra penincho, Serra pininga, Sororoca, Sororoca pinima<br />
Scomber colias<br />
450<br />
Scomberomorus<br />
brasiliensis<br />
451<br />
Scomberomorus<br />
cavalla<br />
452<br />
Scomberomorus<br />
regalis<br />
453<br />
FishBase<br />
Mangangá cabeça de<br />
ganso<br />
NENHUM<br />
Scorpaena bergi<br />
454<br />
Carvalho-Filho (1999)<br />
Mangangá vermelho<br />
FREIRE & CARVALHO FILHO<br />
Mod. from Carvalho & Branco<br />
(1977)<br />
Mod. from Rocha & Costa (1999)<br />
Mangangá cabeça lisa<br />
Beatinha, Beatinha pintada, Beatriz, Mamangá, Mangangá,<br />
Mangangá pintado, Mangangá vermelho, Niquim, Niquim<br />
da pedra, Niquim de pedra, Peixe escorpião, Peixe<br />
Mangangá<br />
Scorpaena<br />
brasiliensis<br />
455<br />
Scorpaena calcarata<br />
456<br />
Mangangá corcunda<br />
Mangangá, Moriati<br />
Scorpaena dispar<br />
457<br />
Mod. from Nomura (1984)<br />
Mangangá de pluma<br />
Beatinha, Beatriz, Mangangá, Mangangá de espinho,<br />
Niquim da pedra, Niquim de pedra, Peixe escorpião,<br />
Mangangá de chifres<br />
Scorpaena<br />
grandicornis<br />
458
<strong>Richness</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>reef</strong> <strong>fishes</strong><br />
Table III. List <strong>of</strong> all <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> associated with <strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>reef</strong> fish species and their unique name chosen according to the source presented (cont.).<br />
SOURCE<br />
UNIQUE NAME<br />
COMMON NAMES<br />
SPECIES<br />
Nº<br />
FishBase<br />
Mangangá cogumelo<br />
NENHUM<br />
Scorpaena inermis<br />
459<br />
Sampaio & Nottingham<br />
(2008)<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Mangangá cara lisa<br />
Beatriz, Mamangá, Mangangá, Mangangá cara lisa, Moréia<br />
ati cara lisa, Peixe pedra<br />
Scorpaena isthmensis<br />
460<br />
Mangangá dos penedos<br />
NENHUM<br />
Scorpaena mellissi<br />
461<br />
Sampaio & Nottingham<br />
(2008)<br />
Mangangá axila roxa<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Beatinha colorada<br />
Anequim, Aniquim, Aniquim beatriz, Aniquim de pedra,<br />
Baetinha, Beatinha, Beatinha axila rocha, Beatriz, Biriati,<br />
Briati, Mamangá, Mangangá, Mangangá axila roxa, Moreiati,<br />
Moriati, Niquim, Niquim da pedra, Niquim de pedra, Peixe<br />
escorpião, Peixe pedra, Sarrão<br />
Beatriz, Mangangá<br />
Scorpaena plumieri<br />
462<br />
Scorpaenodes caribbaeus<br />
463<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Beatinha dos penedos<br />
NENHUM<br />
Scorpaenodes insularis<br />
464<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Beatinha de recife<br />
Mangangá<br />
Carvalho & Branco (1977)<br />
Chicharro olho grande<br />
Scorpaenodes<br />
tredecimspinosus<br />
Selar crumenophthalmus<br />
465<br />
Carapau, Chicharro, Chicharro olho grande, Garajuba,<br />
Garapau, Guarajuba, Gurapau, Gurapu, Manequinho, Olhão,<br />
Olhudo, Xixarro olho de boi, Xixarro, Xixarro olho grande,<br />
Xixarro olhudo<br />
466<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Galo de recife<br />
Galo, Peixe galo<br />
Selene brownii<br />
467<br />
Carvalho-Filho (1999)<br />
Galo de penacho<br />
Abatucaia, Alfaquim, Aracaguira, Aracanguira, Capão, Galo,<br />
Galo bandeira, Galo da costa, Galo de fita, Galo de penacho,<br />
Galo do alto, Galo do morro, Galo fita, Galo proa de bote,<br />
Galo verdadeiro, Peixe galo, Peixe galo de penacho, Testudo<br />
Selene vomer<br />
468<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Olho de boi<br />
Arabaiana, Arabaiana pintada, Olhete, Olho de boi, Pitangola,<br />
Tapiranga, Tapireca, Tapireçá, Urubaiana<br />
Seriola dumerili<br />
469<br />
Szpilman (2000)<br />
Olhete listrado<br />
Arabaiana, Olhete, Olhete listrado, Olho de boi, Pitangola,<br />
Urubaiana<br />
Seriola fasciata<br />
470<br />
Mod. from Nomura (1984)<br />
Olhete comum<br />
135<br />
Arabaiana, Arabaiana pintada, Olhete, Olho de boi, Pitangola,<br />
Tapiranga, Tapireça, Tapireçá, Urubaiana<br />
Seriola lalandi<br />
471<br />
Pan-American Journal <strong>of</strong> Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145
136<br />
Table III. List <strong>of</strong> all <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> associated with <strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>reef</strong> fish species and their unique name chosen according to the source presented (cont.).<br />
SOURCE<br />
UNIQUE NAME<br />
COMMON NAMES<br />
SPECIES<br />
Nº<br />
Ihering (1968)<br />
Olhete bacamarte<br />
Arabaiana, Fumeiro, Olhete bacamarte, Olho de boi, Olho de<br />
boi fumeiro, Piloto, Remeiro<br />
Seriola rivoliana<br />
472<br />
FishBase<br />
Mariquita de dorso laranja<br />
NENHUM<br />
Serranus annularis<br />
473<br />
FishBase<br />
Mariquita de orelha negra<br />
Jacundá<br />
Serranus atrobranchus<br />
474<br />
Carvalho-Filho (1999)<br />
Mariquita pintada<br />
Badejinho lanterna, Mariquita pintada, Mero, Peixe gato,<br />
Serranus laranja<br />
Serranus baldwini<br />
475<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Mariquita arlequim<br />
NENHUM<br />
Serranus chionaraia<br />
476<br />
Freire, pers. comm.<br />
Mariquita pirucaia<br />
Jacundá, Mariquita, Pirucaia, Serigado xerne, Serrano,<br />
Serranus barriga branca, Traíra, Traíra das pedras, Vovó<br />
Serranus flaviventris<br />
477<br />
IBAMA Inst. Normativa<br />
14/2004<br />
Sete fundão<br />
Jacundá, Sete fundão<br />
Serranus phoebe<br />
478<br />
Mod. from FishBase<br />
Mariquita fumo<br />
Jacundá<br />
Serranus tabacarius<br />
479<br />
Pan-American Journal <strong>of</strong> Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145<br />
Mod. from Ferreira & Cava<br />
(2001)<br />
Papagaio de recife<br />
Batata, Bobó, Budião, Budião bandeira, Budião batata,<br />
Budião comum, Budião de recifes, Budião papagaio, Budião<br />
vermelho, Papagaio bandeira, Papagaio espelho, Peixe<br />
papagaio, Peixe papagaio dos recifes<br />
Sparisoma amplum<br />
480<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Papagaio cinza<br />
Batata, Bobó, Budião, Budião batata, Budião caranha,<br />
Budião cinza, Budião verde, Papagaio verde, Peixe<br />
papagaio, Peixe papagaio cinzento<br />
Sparisoma axillare<br />
481<br />
FREIRE & CARVALHO FILHO<br />
Mod. from Sampaio &<br />
Nottingham (2008)<br />
Papagaio sinaleiro<br />
Batata, Bobó, Bodião roxo, Budião, Budião agassiz, Budião<br />
barriga azul, Budião enx<strong>of</strong>rado, Budião verde, Papagaio,<br />
Papagaio aquarela, Peixe papagaio, Peixe papagaio sinaleiro<br />
Sparisoma frondosum<br />
482<br />
Mod. from Nomura (1984)<br />
Papagaio verde dentuço<br />
Batata, Bobó, Bodião verde, Budião, Peixe papagaio dentuço<br />
Sparisoma radians<br />
483<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Papagaio vermelho<br />
NENHUM<br />
Sparisoma tuiupiranga<br />
484<br />
Martins-Juras (1987)<br />
Baiacu areia<br />
Baiacu, Baiacu areia, Baiacu mirim, Baiacu pinima, Baiacu<br />
pintado, Baiacu verde<br />
Sphoeroides greeleyi<br />
485
<strong>Richness</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>reef</strong> <strong>fishes</strong><br />
Table III. List <strong>of</strong> all <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> associated with <strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>reef</strong> fish species and their unique name chosen according to the source presented (cont.).<br />
SOURCE<br />
UNIQUE NAME<br />
COMMON NAMES<br />
SPECIES<br />
Nº<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Baiacu gigante<br />
Baiacu, Guima das paredes<br />
Sphoeroides pachygaster<br />
486<br />
Carvalho-Filho (1999)<br />
Baiacu pinima<br />
Baiacu, Baiacú, Baiacu mirin, Baiacu pinima<br />
Sphoeroides spengleri<br />
487<br />
Sampaio & Nottingham<br />
(2008)<br />
Baiacu quadriculado<br />
Baiacu, Baiacú, Baiacu de croa, Baiacu dondon, Baiacu<br />
franguinho, Baiacu mirim, Baiacu pininga, Baiacu pintado,<br />
Baicu quadriculado, Guamaiacu mirim<br />
Sphoeroides testudineus<br />
488<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Baiacu de cavanhaque<br />
Baiacu<br />
Sphoeroides tyleri<br />
489<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
Barracuda<br />
Bacuda, Barracuda, Bicuda, Bicuda cachorra, Bicuda de corso,<br />
Carama, Carana, Corama, Gaviana, Goirana, Gorana, Guarana,<br />
Pescada, Pescada bicuda, Pescada goiva<br />
Sphyraena barracuda<br />
490<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Bicuda goirana<br />
Bicuda, Barracuda, Bicuda de corso, Bicuda goirana<br />
Sphyraena borealis<br />
491<br />
Carvalho & Branco (1977)<br />
Bicuda branca<br />
Barracuda, Bicuda, Bicuda branca, Bicuda goirana, Bicudinha,<br />
Corama, Coroma, Goirana, Gorana, Pescada bicuda, Pescada<br />
goirana, Pescadinha bicuda<br />
Sphyraena guachancho<br />
492<br />
Mod. from Rocha & Costa<br />
(1999)<br />
Bicuda pescada<br />
Bicuda, Pescada bicuda<br />
Sphyraena tome<br />
493<br />
Suzuki (1986)<br />
Cambeva preta<br />
Cação cornudo, Cação martelo, Cação rudela, Cambeva,<br />
Cambeva preta, Cornudo, Martelo, Peixe martelo, Rudela,<br />
Sphyrna lewini<br />
494<br />
Mod. from Carvalho &<br />
Branco (1977)<br />
Martelo gigante<br />
Cação martelo, Cação panã, Cambeva, Martelo, Panã, Peixe<br />
martelo<br />
Sphyrna mokarran<br />
495<br />
Carvalho-Filho (1999)<br />
Cambeva pata<br />
Cação, Cação campeba, Cação chapéu, Cação martelo, Cação<br />
panã, Cação pata, Cação rodela, Cação rudela, Cambeva pata,<br />
Chapéu armado, Martelo, Pata, Peixe martelo, Rodela, Rudela,<br />
Tubarão panã<br />
Sphyrna tiburo<br />
496<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Anjo da pedra<br />
Cação anjo, Tubarão anjo espinhudo, Anjo, Anjo do mar<br />
Squatina punctata<br />
497<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Maria da toca malhada<br />
NENHUM<br />
Starksia brasiliensis<br />
498<br />
137<br />
FishBase<br />
Maria da toca escamosa<br />
NENHUM<br />
Starksia multilepis<br />
499<br />
Pan-American Journal <strong>of</strong> Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145
138<br />
Table III. List <strong>of</strong> all <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> associated with <strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>reef</strong> fish species and their unique name chosen according to the source presented (cont.).<br />
SOURCE<br />
UNIQUE NAME<br />
COMMON NAMES<br />
SPECIES<br />
Nº<br />
Mod. From Carvalho-Filho<br />
(1999)<br />
Mod. from Carvalho-Filho<br />
(1999)<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Saberé café torrado<br />
Saberé bicolor<br />
Café torrado, Castanheta, Donzela, Donzela escura,<br />
Donzelinha, Maria mole, Maria preta, Querê querê, Saberê<br />
Cará, Castanheta, Donzela bicolor, Gregório, Saberé,<br />
Saberê, Saberê bicolor<br />
Stegastes fuscus<br />
500<br />
Stegastes pictus<br />
501<br />
Saberé de Rocas<br />
Donzela, Saberé<br />
Stegastes rocasensis<br />
502<br />
Mod. from Sampaio &<br />
Nottingham (2008)<br />
Freire, pers. comm.<br />
Sampaio & Nottingham<br />
(2008)<br />
Carvalho-Filho (1999)<br />
Donzela de São Pedro<br />
Donzela de São Pedro e São Paulo<br />
Stegastes sanctipauli<br />
503<br />
Donzela de Trindade<br />
Donzela cinza<br />
NENHUM<br />
Donzela cinza, Gregório, Maria preta<br />
Stegastes trindadensis<br />
Stegastes uenfi<br />
504<br />
505<br />
Saberé amarelo<br />
Anjo, Cará, Castanheta, Donzela, Donzela amarela, Donzela<br />
cacau, Donzelinha amarela, Saberê, Saberê amarelo<br />
Stegastes variabilis<br />
506<br />
Mod. from Carvalho-Filho<br />
(1999)<br />
Porquinho de pedra<br />
Cangulo, Cangulo Fernando, Esfaldado, Esfalfado,<br />
Gudunho, Negro mina, Peixe porco, Peixe porco de pedra,<br />
Peroazinho, Peruá, Piraaca, Piruá, Porquinho, Porquinho de<br />
fronte reta<br />
Stephanolepis hispidus<br />
507<br />
Pan-American Journal <strong>of</strong> Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145<br />
Sampaio & Nottingham<br />
(2008)<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Porquinho de penacho<br />
Cangulo, Peixe porco, Peixe porco de pedra, Peruá, Pirá aça,<br />
Porquinho de penacho<br />
Stephanolepis setifer<br />
508<br />
Tanduju de Rocas<br />
NENHUM<br />
Storrsia olsoni<br />
509<br />
Mod. from Godoy (1987)<br />
Agulha do Atlântico<br />
Agulha, Agulhão, Agulhinha<br />
Strongylura marina<br />
510<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Timucu<br />
FREIRE & CARVALHO FILHO<br />
Carvalho-Filho (1999)<br />
Viúva negra<br />
Acarapindá, Agulha, Agulhão, Agulhão roliço, Carapiá,<br />
Peixe agulha, Petimbuaba, Timbucú, Timicu, Timucu,<br />
Timucú, Timuçu<br />
Brótula negra, Latebrícola, Viúva negra<br />
Strongylura timucu<br />
511<br />
Stygnobrotula latebricola<br />
512<br />
Mod. from Figueiredo &<br />
Menezes (2000)<br />
Linguado de canal<br />
Linguado, Linguado da areia, Linguado dáreia, Solha, Tapa<br />
Syacium micrurum<br />
513<br />
Carvalho-Filho (1999)<br />
Linguado do olho riscado<br />
Aramaçá, Aramaçã, Linguado, Linguado da areia, Linguado<br />
dáreia, Linguado de areia, Linguado do olho riscado, Solha,<br />
Solha de dente<br />
Syacium papillosum<br />
514
<strong>Richness</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>reef</strong> <strong>fishes</strong><br />
Table III. List <strong>of</strong> all <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> associated with <strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>reef</strong> fish species and their unique name chosen according to the source presented (cont.).<br />
SOURCE<br />
UNIQUE NAME<br />
COMMON NAMES<br />
SPECIES<br />
Nº<br />
Szpilman (2000)/FishBase<br />
Língua de mulata de<br />
nadadeira pintada<br />
Língua de mulata, Língua de mulato, Solha<br />
Symphurus diomedeanus<br />
515<br />
Mod. from Nomura (1984)<br />
Língua de mulata de<br />
bochecha escura<br />
Língua, Língua de mulata, Língua de mulato, Língua de vaca,<br />
Linguado, Linguado mulato, Solha, Solha linguado<br />
Symphurus plagusia<br />
516<br />
Mod. from Szpilman (2000)<br />
Língua de mulata do<br />
rabo preto<br />
Língua de mulata<br />
Symphurus rhytisma<br />
517<br />
Mod. from Carvalho &<br />
Branco (1977)<br />
Lagarto papo branco<br />
Bonome, Coió, Jacaré, Lagartixa, Lagarto, Lagarto do mar,<br />
Peixe lagartixa, Peixe lagarto, Peixe lagarto costeiro, Tira vira,<br />
Tiravira, Traíra, Traíra do bico fino, Traíra do mar, Traíra do<br />
papo branco, Traíra papo branco<br />
Synodus foetens<br />
518<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Lagarto do raso<br />
Calango, Lagartixa, Lagarto do mar, Peixe lagarto, Peixe<br />
lagarto de areia, Tira vira, Traíra, Traíra branca, Traíra das<br />
pedras, Traíra de água salgada, Traíra do mar, Traíra preta<br />
Synodus intermedius<br />
519<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Lagarto azul<br />
NENHUM<br />
Synodus saurus<br />
520<br />
Mod. from IBAMA Inst.<br />
Normativa 14/2004<br />
Lagarto vermelho<br />
Bom nome, Peixe lagarto, Peixe lagarto vermelho, Calango,<br />
Lagarto do mar, Peixe pica, Traíra do mar<br />
Synodus synodus<br />
521<br />
Sazima et al. (2003)<br />
Budião de Noronha<br />
Budião de Noronha, Sabonete das ilhas, Talassoma azul<br />
Thalassoma noronhanum<br />
522<br />
Carvalho-Filho (1999)<br />
Tumi tumi<br />
Caboza, Mangangá, Niquim, Niquim barrado, Niquim do sul,<br />
Tumi tumi<br />
Thalassophryne<br />
montevidensis<br />
523<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
Niquim do mar<br />
Aniquim, Aniquim da lama, Moreiatim, Niqui, Niquim, Niquim<br />
comum, Niquim da areia, Niquim do mar<br />
Thalassophryne nattereri<br />
524<br />
Szpilman (2000)<br />
Moreiatim<br />
Moreiatim, Niquim, Pacamão<br />
Thalassophryne punctata<br />
525<br />
Rocha & Costa (1999)<br />
Albacora laje<br />
Albacora, Albacora da lage, Albacora da laje, Albacora de lage,<br />
Albacora de laje, Albacora lage, Albacora laje, Albacora lajeira,<br />
Alvacora, Alvacora lajeira, Atum, Atum amarelo, Atum galha<br />
amarela, Kihada, Kimeji, Kiwada, Lageira<br />
Thunnus albacares<br />
526<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
Albacorinha<br />
139<br />
Albacora, Albacora preta, Albacora rabo seco, Albacorinha,<br />
Atum, Atum negro, Atum preto, Binta<br />
Thunnus atlanticus<br />
527<br />
Pan-American Journal <strong>of</strong> Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145
140<br />
Table III. List <strong>of</strong> all <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> associated with <strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>reef</strong> fish species and their unique name chosen according to the source presented (cont.).<br />
SOURCE<br />
UNIQUE NAME<br />
COMMON NAMES<br />
SPECIES<br />
Nº<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Peixe ventosa mirim<br />
NENHUM<br />
Tomicodon australis<br />
528<br />
Carvalho & Branco (1977)<br />
Traíra do mar<br />
Peixe cobra, Peixe lagarto, Traíra, Traíra branca, Traíra das<br />
pedras, Traíra de água salgada, Traíra do alto, Traíra do mar<br />
Trachinocephalus<br />
myops<br />
529<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
Pampo cabeça mole<br />
Cangueiro, Enxova, Palombeta, Palometa, Palumbeta,<br />
Pampano, Pamplo, Pampo, Pampo amarelo, Pampo cabeça<br />
mole, Pampo da espinha mole, Pampo de cabeça mole, Pampo<br />
real, Pampo verdadeiro, Pereroba, Pirabora, Piraroba,<br />
Samenduara, Semenduara, Solteira<br />
Trachinotus carolinus<br />
530<br />
Lima & Oliveira (1978)<br />
Pampo garabebéu<br />
Arabebéu. Aracanguira, Arebebéu, Arecangura, Aribebéu,<br />
Cernambiguara, Garabebel, Garabebéu, Pampo, Pampo<br />
arabebéu, Pampo galhudo, Pampo garabebéu, Pampo gigante,<br />
Pampo verdadeiro, Rombudo, Sangue de boi, Sernambiguara,<br />
Sernambiquara, Tambó<br />
Trachinotus falcatus<br />
531<br />
Pan-American Journal <strong>of</strong> Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
Pampo galhudo<br />
Aracanguito, Aratobaia, Aratubaia, Galhuda, Galhudinho,<br />
Galhudo, Jiriquiti, Pampino, Pampo, Pampo aracanguira,<br />
Pampo de espinha mole, Pampo espinha mole, Pampo galhudo,<br />
Pampo listado, Pampo listrado, Pampo malhado, Pampo mirim,<br />
Pampo riscado, Sargento, Sernambiquara<br />
Trachinotus goodei<br />
532<br />
Mod. from Nomura (1984)<br />
Chicharro lombo preto<br />
Carapau, Chicharro, Garaçuma, Surel argentino, Xinxarro,<br />
Xixarro, Xixarro de lombo preto, Xixarro do lombo preto<br />
Trachurus lathami<br />
533<br />
FREIRE & CARVALHO FILHO<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
Espada<br />
Catana, Embira, Espada, Guaravira, Imbira, Peixe espada, Peixe<br />
fita<br />
Trichiurus lepturus<br />
534<br />
Szpilman (2000)<br />
Agulhão lambaio<br />
Agulhão, Agulhão bebé, Agulhão bebeu, Agulhão lambaio,<br />
Timbale<br />
Tylosurus acus<br />
535<br />
Lima & Oliveira (1978)<br />
Zamboque<br />
Agulhão, Agulhão bebé, Agulhão bebeu, Agulhão verde,<br />
Zambaio roliço, Zamboque<br />
Tylosurus crocodilus<br />
536
<strong>Richness</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>reef</strong> <strong>fishes</strong><br />
Table III. List <strong>of</strong> all <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> associated with <strong>Brazilian</strong> <strong>reef</strong> fish species and their unique name chosen according to the source presented (cont.).<br />
SOURCE<br />
UNIQUE NAME<br />
COMMON NAMES<br />
SPECIES<br />
Nº<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
Castanha riscada<br />
Betara, Cabeça seca, Castanha, Castanha riscada, Chora<br />
chora, Corcoroca da areia branca, Coró branco, Corvina,<br />
Corvina branca, Corvina de linha, Corvina listada, Corvina<br />
nova, Corvina rajada, Corvina riscada, Cururuca lavrada,<br />
Cururuca riscada, Embetara, Embitara, Juruna, Mbetara,<br />
Ombrino, Papa terra, Papaterra de dentes, Roncador,<br />
Roncador taboca, Sargento, Tametara, Tembetara<br />
Umbrina coroides<br />
537<br />
Mod. from Ávila da Silva &<br />
Carneiro (2003)<br />
Trilha anã<br />
Saramonete, Trilha, Trilha pena<br />
Upeneus parvus<br />
538<br />
Mod. from Nomura (1984)<br />
Cara de gato<br />
Boca de algodão, Cara de gato, Língua de algodão, Sabão<br />
Uraspis secunda<br />
539<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Moréia manchada<br />
NENHUM<br />
Uropterygius macularius<br />
540<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Raia de fogo<br />
Raia, Raia de fogo<br />
Urotrygon microphthalmum<br />
541<br />
Lima & Oliveira (1978)<br />
Cangulo mirim<br />
Cangulo mirim, Cangulo rei, Cangulo do alto, Gatilho preto<br />
Xanthichthys ringens<br />
542<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Curuá fogo<br />
NENHUM<br />
Xyrichthys incandescens<br />
543<br />
FishBase<br />
Curuá rosado<br />
NENHUM<br />
Xyrichtys martinicensis<br />
544<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
Budião curuá<br />
Bodião curuá, Budião, Budião de areia, Gudião, Peixe<br />
dragão<br />
Xyrichtys novacula<br />
545<br />
Carvalho-Filho, pers. comm.<br />
Curuá verde<br />
Nomura (1984)<br />
Viola de cara curta<br />
Budião curuá, Curuá verde, Peixe dragão, Peixe dragão<br />
verde<br />
Raia, Viola, Viola de cara curta<br />
Xyrichtys splendens<br />
546<br />
Zapteryx brevirostris<br />
547<br />
* Barletta (2002) corresponds to Mário Barletta (pers. comm., Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brazil); ** Rangel, pers. comm. (Carlos Rangel, Universidade<br />
Federal Fluminense, Centro de Estudos Gerais, Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Brazil); *** Sampaio, pers. comm. (Cláudio Sampaio, Museu de Zoologia da<br />
Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brazil); ****FishBase indicates <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> translated and/or modified from www.fishbase.org<br />
141<br />
Pan-American Journal <strong>of</strong> Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145
142<br />
Thus, there is an impact <strong>of</strong> the diversity <strong>of</strong> <strong>names</strong><br />
when trying to assess how fisheries affect the<br />
resources (see, p. ex., Freire & Pauly 2005). Species<br />
commercialized among aquarists were associated to<br />
4.8 <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> each, which was smaller than<br />
the average <strong>of</strong> 7.2 for <strong>reef</strong> species in general. This<br />
probably occurs because these species are mainly<br />
exported (Monteiro-Neto et al. 2003) and their<br />
English <strong>names</strong> are <strong>common</strong>ly used in the<br />
international market.<br />
Size is another factor leading to the richness<br />
<strong>of</strong> fish <strong>names</strong> (one <strong>of</strong> the Berlin’s attributes).<br />
According to Hunn (1999), larger species have more<br />
<strong>names</strong>. The author presented evidence for several<br />
groups: mammals, birds, <strong>fishes</strong> and even plants.<br />
However, his evidence was based on rather poor<br />
regression fits. We showed here that species <strong>of</strong><br />
intermediate size are more prone to be named and<br />
the richness <strong>of</strong> <strong>names</strong> decrease for the largest<br />
species.<br />
Even though the richness <strong>of</strong> <strong>names</strong> is<br />
important from the cultural point <strong>of</strong> view, it poses<br />
problems when dealing with regional or national<br />
scales. Problems are similar to the evidenced by the<br />
use <strong>of</strong> synonyms <strong>of</strong> scientific <strong>names</strong> and raise from<br />
the fact that we do not know what we are referring to<br />
(see, p.ex., Minelli 1999). The correct identification<br />
<strong>of</strong> species is a sine qua non condition to proper<br />
assess the effect <strong>of</strong> fishing on the local biodiversity.<br />
The use <strong>of</strong> the national <strong>of</strong>ficial list <strong>of</strong> <strong>common</strong><br />
<strong>names</strong> proposed here would be appropriate<br />
whenever species are dealt with in a national context<br />
(in scientific publications or reports), in catch<br />
statistics, and/or in legislation, just to represent the<br />
species with a name more accessible to the general<br />
public than the scientific name. For those cases<br />
where the species are dealt in a more local context,<br />
their local <strong>names</strong> should be used as usual and thus,<br />
the original richness <strong>of</strong> <strong>names</strong> is kept. The proposed<br />
unique <strong>names</strong> are not intended to replace local<br />
<strong>names</strong>, which reflect all the knowledge local<br />
communities have about their local resources, but<br />
represent only <strong>names</strong> to be used at a national scale,<br />
chosen based on well-established criteria from the<br />
array <strong>of</strong> existing <strong>names</strong>. The same procedure could<br />
be used for all the other marine and freshwater<br />
species.<br />
Acknowledgements<br />
We would like to thank all those who kindly<br />
sent their publications with <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong>; to those<br />
who suggested <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong> for species with no<br />
known published name; to D. Pauly who introduced<br />
the first author to the ‘world’ <strong>of</strong> <strong>common</strong> <strong>names</strong>; and<br />
to Cláudio Sampaio and two anonymous referees for<br />
Pan-American Journal <strong>of</strong> Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145<br />
FREIRE & CARVALHO FILHO<br />
their valuable corrections and suggestions.<br />
References<br />
Anon. 1976. Nomenclatura. Peixes marinhos -<br />
espécies comerciais e suas diversas<br />
denominações locais. Boletim do Mercado<br />
Pesqueiro 8(11-12): 347-386.<br />
Ávila da Silva, A. O. & Carneiro, M. H. 2003.<br />
Produção pesqueira marinha do Estado de<br />
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Received October 2008<br />
Accepted February 2009<br />
Published online April 2009<br />
Pan-American Journal <strong>of</strong> Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145