Thesis - Department of Physics - University of Oxford
Thesis - Department of Physics - University of Oxford
Thesis - Department of Physics - University of Oxford
You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles
YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.
ÛØ Ø ×ØÒÖ ×ÓÐÖ ÑÓи ÙØ ×ÓÐÖ ÒÙØÖÒÓ× ÔÔÖ ØÓ Ó×ÐÐØÒ<br />
ØÓ ÒÓØÖ ÚÓÙÖ ¾¸ ¿¼℄º Ì× ÔØÙÖ × ×ÙÔÔÓÖØ Ý ÖÒØ Ö×ÙÐØ× ÖÓÑ<br />
Ø ÃÑÄÆ ÜÔÖÑÒØ ¿½℄º<br />
ÓÑÒÒ ÚÖÓÙ× ÐÑØ× Û Ò ×Ý ¼¼¼½ Å <br />
¼½ ¾℄¸ ÙØ Ø<br />
Ö×ÙÐØ× ÖÓÑ ËÆÇ Ò ÃÑÄÆ ÓÖ Ø Ñ×× «ÖÒ ØÛÒ ÒÙØÖÒÓ<br />
×Ô× ×Ù×Ø Ñ ¼¼½ ¼½Î ¸ ÚÒ Å ¼¼½º Ð×Ó × ÒÙØÖÒÓ×<br />
ØÖÚÐ Ø ÖÐØÚ×Ø ×Ô׸ ØÝ Ö ÓØ Ö ÑØØÖº ƹÓÝ ×ÑÙÐØÓÒ× Ó<br />
ÒÙØÖÒÓ¹ÓÑÒØ ÍÒÚÖ× Ú «ØÚÐÝ ÖÙÐ ÓÙØ Ø× ÔÓ××ÐØÝ ¿¾℄º<br />
ÌÖÓÖ ÐØÓÙ ÒÙØÖÒÓ× ÐÑÓ×Ø ÖØÒÐÝ Ñ ÙÔ ×ÑÐÐ ÖØÓÒ Ó<br />
Ö ÑØØÖ¸ Ø ÑÓÖØÝ ÑÙ×Ø ÓÒ××Ø Ó ÒÓØÖ ÓÖÑ Ó ÑØØÖº<br />
½º¿º¿<br />
ËÙÔÖ×ÝÑÑØÖ ÏÁÅÈ×<br />
ÏÁÅÈ× ¹ ÏÐÝ ÁÒØÖØÒ Å××Ú ÈÖØÐ×<br />
ÁÒ Ø ÖÐÝ ÍÒÚÖ× ÑÜØÙÖ Ó ÔÖØÐ× Ü×Ø Ò ØÖÑÐ ÕÙÐÖÙѺ ×<br />
Ø ÍÒÚÖ× ÜÔÒ Ø ÒØÖØÓÒ ÖØ ØÛÒ ÔÖØÐ× ÖÓÔÔ ÙÒØÐ<br />
ØÝ ÛÖ ÒÓ ÐÓÒÖ Ò ÕÙÐÖÙÑ Ò ÖÐ Ò×ØÝ ÓÒÝ ×ØÐ ÔÖØÐ×<br />
ÖÑÒ× Ò Ø ÍÒÚÖ× ØÓݺ Ì ÒÙÑÖ Ò×ØÝ Ø ØÖÑÐ ÕÙÐÖÙÑ<br />
Ò ÐÙÐظ ÐÐÓÛÒ Ù× ØÓ ×ØÑØ Ø ÓÒØÖÙØÓÒ Ó ÖÐ ÔÖØÐ×<br />
ØÓ Ø Ò×ØÝ Ó Ø ÍÒÚÖ׺ ×ÑÔÐ ÑÓÐ Ú× Ø ÓÐÐÓÛÒ Ö×ÙÐØ ℄º<br />
Å ¾ ³ ¿ ¢ ½¼ ¾ Ñ ¿ × ½<br />
Ú<br />
´½ºµ<br />
ÏÖ Ú × Ø ÔÖØÐ ÚÐÓØÝ Ò Ø ÒÒÐØÓÒ ÖÓ×× ×ØÓÒº ÖÓÑ<br />
Ø× ÕÙØÓÒ Ø × ×ØÖØÓÖÛÖØÓ×ÓÛ ØØ ×ØÐ ÔÖØÐ ÛØ ÖÓ××<br />
×ØÓÒ ØÝÔÐ Ó Ø Û ÒØÖØÓÒ¸ ÛÐÐ Ú ÖÐ Ò×ØÝÚÒÅ ½º<br />
Ì× × Ð ØÓ Ø ØØ ÐÖ ÑÓÙÒØ Ó ÒÓÒ¹ÖÝÓÒ Ö ÑØØÖ<br />
¾¿