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20. Processo de ruptura dos sismos de Sumatra de 2004 e 2005

20. Processo de ruptura dos sismos de Sumatra de 2004 e 2005

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Universida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Évora<br />

Universida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />

Évora<br />

DFIS e Centro <strong>de</strong> Geofísica <strong>de</strong> Évora<br />

<strong>Processo</strong> <strong>de</strong> Ruptura <strong>dos</strong> <strong>sismos</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>2004</strong> e<br />

<strong>2005</strong><br />

José Fernando Borges, Bento Cal<strong>de</strong>ira e Mourad Bezzeghoud<br />

Dpto. . <strong>de</strong> Física F<br />

e Centro <strong>de</strong> Geofísica <strong>de</strong> Évora, Universida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Évora, Portugal - jborges@uevora.pt<br />

SEGUNDO ENCONTRO DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM<br />

INVESTIGAÇÃO E ENSINO DAS CIÊNCIAS FÍSICAS<br />

E DA TERRA DA UNIVERSIDADE DE ÉVORA<br />

DFIS e CGE<br />

1 e 2 <strong>de</strong> Outubro <strong>de</strong> <strong>2005</strong>


Universida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Évora<br />

Sismo <strong>de</strong> <strong>Sumatra</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>2004</strong><br />

Mw=9.3)<br />

DFIS e CGE


Universida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Évora<br />

Da<strong>dos</strong>:<br />

Formas <strong>de</strong> onda Broad Band IRIS DMC :<br />

26/12/<strong>2004</strong> - 29 formas <strong>de</strong> onda telesísmicas P<br />

28/03/<strong>2005</strong> - 23 formas <strong>de</strong> onda telesísmicas P<br />

Método<br />

Directivida<strong>de</strong><br />

Cálculo da velocida<strong>de</strong> e direcção <strong>de</strong> <strong>ruptura</strong> observa<strong>dos</strong> em pulsos comuns<br />

empregando o programa DIRDOP (DIRectivity DOPpler effect) (Cal<strong>de</strong>ira, <strong>2005</strong>)<br />

Inversão<br />

Método <strong>de</strong> inversão <strong>de</strong> Kikuchi and Kanamori (2003) algoritmo baseado na<br />

inversão do <strong>de</strong>slizamento sobre o plano <strong>de</strong> falha. Os da<strong>dos</strong> foram filtra<strong>dos</strong><br />

com um filtro passa- banda entre 0.002–2 Hz e <strong>de</strong>pois converti<strong>dos</strong> em<br />

<strong>de</strong>slocamento com uma frequência <strong>de</strong> amostragem <strong>de</strong> 1Hz.<br />

DFIS e CGE


Universida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Évora<br />

Sismicida<strong>de</strong> Global – 1900-1999<br />

1999<br />

INTERNATIONAL HANDBOOK OF EARTHQUAKE & ENGINEERING SEISMOLOGY, 2003, ACADEMIC PRESS<br />

DFIS e CGE<br />

M≥6.5<br />

h


Universida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Évora<br />

( USGS)<br />

6cm/ano<br />

6cm/ano<br />

DFIS e CGE


SUBDUCÇÃO<br />

Caso <strong>de</strong> <strong>Sumatra</strong>


Universida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Évora<br />

0 S 2 Fornece um<br />

momento sísmico <strong>de</strong><br />

Mo = 1 x 10 22 Nm<br />

(Mw=9.3)<br />

Momento Sísmico<br />

Nature,<br />

31/03/<strong>2005</strong><br />

<strong>Sumatra</strong><br />

<strong>2004</strong><br />

3 x maior que os o valor<br />

obtido pelas ondas<br />

superficiais e volúmicas<br />

Comparando a área <strong>de</strong><br />

falha com momento, a<br />

magnitu<strong>de</strong> e a<br />

<strong>de</strong>slocamento po<strong>de</strong>mos<br />

concluir que estamos na<br />

presença <strong>de</strong> um<br />

MEGASISMO<br />

Mo = µ x A x D<br />

Mw = Log Mo/1.5 - 10.3<br />

Açores<br />

1980<br />

Lisboa<br />

1755<br />

DFIS e CGE<br />

Mw=7.0 Mw=9.0 Mw=9.3


Universida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Évora<br />

Directivida<strong>de</strong><br />

26 December <strong>2004</strong><br />

293 o<br />

0-130s vr=2.7±0.6 km/s NW<br />

DFIS e CGE


Universida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Évora<br />

Directivida<strong>de</strong><br />

26 Dezembro <strong>2004</strong><br />

0 30 90 130<br />

249 o<br />

0-30s<br />

293 o<br />

30-90s<br />

286 o<br />

90-130s<br />

DFIS e CGE<br />

1) 0-30s vr=0.5±0.5 km/s -> Ruptura bilateral<br />

1) 30-90s vr=1.9±0.3 km/s -> NW<br />

2) 90-130s vr=2.7±0.6 km/s -> NW


Universida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Évora<br />

Directivida<strong>de</strong> 28 March <strong>2005</strong><br />

151 o<br />

0-27s vr=3.3±0.6 km/s SE<br />

DFIS e CGE


Universida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Évora<br />

M oI =2.8x10 21 Nm<br />

Mw=8.3<br />

Inversão – <strong>Sumatra</strong> <strong>2004</strong><br />

26 December <strong>2004</strong><br />

Focal Mechanism<br />

Função Temporal da Fonte<br />

M o =2.9 x 10 22 Nm;<br />

M w =9.0<br />

?<br />

II<br />

M oII<br />

=2.0 x10 22 Nm ; Mw=8.8<br />

I<br />

N55W<br />

I<br />

Distribuição do slip ao longo do plano N15W<br />

5.0 m<br />

II<br />

D max<br />

=14 m<br />

DFIS e CGE


Universida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Évora<br />

Inversion<br />

26 December <strong>2004</strong><br />

P-waveform comparison<br />

observed<br />

synthetic<br />

DFIS e CGE<br />

Solid line for the observed seismogram and thin red line for the synthetic seismogram


Universida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Évora<br />

Mecanismo Focal<br />

Inversão<br />

28 Março <strong>2005</strong><br />

M o =0.82 x 10 22 Nm;<br />

M w =8.6<br />

Slip Distribution along the fault plane<br />

D max<br />

=12 m<br />

Star indicates the hypocenter<br />

DFIS e CGE<br />

Results obtained from inversion of teleseismic P-wave using Kikuchi<br />

and Kanamori (2003) program


Universida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Évora<br />

Inversion<br />

28 March <strong>2005</strong><br />

P-waveform comparison<br />

observed<br />

synthetic<br />

DFIS e CGE<br />

Solid line for the observed seismogram and thin red line for the synthetic seismogram


Universida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Évora<br />

26/12/<strong>2004</strong><br />

M =9.0 w<br />

Distribuição espacial<br />

e temporal do<br />

<strong>de</strong>slizamento<br />

28/03/<strong>2005</strong><br />

M =8.6 w<br />

Comparação<br />

DFIS e CGE


Universida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Évora<br />

Conclusões<br />

Sismo 26 Dezembro <strong>2004</strong><br />

1. L= 930 km<br />

2. vr=2.7 km/sec<br />

3. T= 350 sec<br />

4. 3 asperities<br />

5. Mo= 2.9x10 22 Nm (Mw=9.0)<br />

6. Dmax= 14 m<br />

DFIS e CGE


Universida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Évora<br />

Conclusões<br />

Sismo 28 Março <strong>2005</strong><br />

1. L= 425 km<br />

2. vr=3.3 km/sec<br />

3. T= 110 s<br />

4. 2 asperida<strong>de</strong>s<br />

5. Mo= 2.2x10 21 Nm (Mw=8.6)<br />

6. Dmax= 11 m<br />

DFIS e CGE


Universida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Évora<br />

Comparação entre a<br />

área <strong>de</strong> <strong>ruptura</strong> do<br />

sismo <strong>de</strong> <strong>Sumatra</strong><br />

(<strong>2004</strong>) e hipotéticas<br />

zonas <strong>de</strong> <strong>ruptura</strong> do<br />

sismo <strong>de</strong> 1755<br />

• A-B mo<strong>de</strong>lo <strong>de</strong> fonte<br />

proposto por by Baptista et<br />

al. 2003;<br />

• B-C, mo<strong>de</strong>l proposed by<br />

Vilanova (<strong>2004</strong>);<br />

• D – mo<strong>de</strong>l proposed by<br />

Gutscher (<strong>2004</strong>)<br />

DFIS e CGE

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