28.02.2015 Views

Simultaneous Refrigeration Cycle Synthesis and Refrigerant Selection

Simultaneous Refrigeration Cycle Synthesis and Refrigerant Selection

Simultaneous Refrigeration Cycle Synthesis and Refrigerant Selection

SHOW MORE
SHOW LESS

Create successful ePaper yourself

Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.

35476987:;69=69?A@5B,69


\'mljlxz_-dfe¾\W{)\fjlml\)æ]m|Ydqc,YWx[ã<br />

\fmlm|d©ßÔ_`i,YP\fÞ,_zdqa*\)_`jlk1xzYWm|YWkN_`j|dqcdfe€^`Y[eå^Mj|pfY[^s\fc;_`xeå^sdqa<br />

ËUÌJÓVÙ ÖXW Y Ö[ZbÎ'Ø£×7Øs̬Î<br />

T<br />

i,Y>Zr^sdfæ]m|YWa \fÝrÝ,^sYWx`xzYWݪjlcª_`irjlxߺdf^sjlx-ÝrYWx`kN^sj|æ7YWÝ.\fxeAdqmlm|d©ßx©\<br />

u<br />

¦Sàcbd¦d¨9eDf9gPhDe©i¦b#bji#e/e ^ `&klme/On0b#oqpr¦Q,¨£b ^ `>s/b§,¨9n ^ t ¦dhD¦d`F¨q¨@¦Suvgr¦dh'O¨?wxhQ¦by`znlcbd¦©¨9e'fV _ ^ 5{S=¦<br />

]£^¡_<br />

^ k&¦ShD`F¨¡bo&|[`zn}¨¡p~¦qhD¦¥fh ^ kx¦ShD,¨ ^ e`i©€Oid=¦9¨egreme#k,€0o eg>¦ShD,¨ ^ `xkVi#e`Pn ^ ¨ ^ e`rb‚`Pn}hD¦¥fh ^ k&¦ShD`F¨¡b9¨¡pxO¨egz¨ ^ u ^ƒ ¦<br />

hD¦¥fh<br />

^ kp&¨@¦#ncbw~u†e'f‡¨¡p~¦ ^ ` _ ¦bS¨?uy¦S`F¨£`Pnegr¦dh'O¨ ^ `&kˆi#e0bS¨¡bXfdeh‰¨¡p~¦‡hQ¦?fh ^ k&¦dh'O¨ ^ e`Šb€0b¨@¦Suj<br />

c„…¦<br />

^ bS¨©k&¦jhD¦¥fh ^ k&¦ShD,¨ ^ eàb€0b¨@¦du…jlx>\RxzY[^Mj|YWx£è±Z]\)^s\fmlm|YWm¾kNdqaæ]jlcr\)_`j|dqc%dfeºx`jlaZ]m|Y{)\)Z‚df^>kNdqabZr^`YWx`x`j|dqc<br />

ƒ‹uŒw~m¨<br />

i,YW\)_hYNÜ,ksi]\fc,pfY[^ºjlxhÞ]xzYWÝ'dqcrm|yßi,YWc'i,YW\)_ºjlx¾^`YWad{fYWÝ'eA^`dqaÿ\¥Zr^`dkNYWx`x<br />

kNy9k[m|YWx¥óõx`jlabZ]m|YkNy9k[m|YWxodf^oxz_`\)pfYWxMþMãoƒ<br />

Y…ÖhڂȾËTØ#Ž$×7Øs̬Î<br />

ÍVŽÖhËUÚr×7ËTÍÈw×7ÍËUÖ<br />

x`Þ,Z7Y[^sxz_z^sÞ]kN_`Þ,^`YNè±æ]\fxzYWÝRabd9Ý,YWmUjlx-Zr^`dfZ7dqxzYWݪßirdqxzY>dfZr_`jlab\fmUx`dqmlÞ,_`j|dqcÝ]j|^`YWkN_`m|yª\fcrxzß(Y[^sxßirjlkMiª^`Y[eA^sj|pfY[^zè<br />

ƒ<br />

óõxzY[Y*\)æ7d{fYbZ]\)^s\)pf^M\)Z]i5þMtw_`i,Yæ7YWxz_>^`Y[eA^sj|pfY[^s\fcF_`x$\)^sYbxzYWm|YWkN_zYWÝHeå^sdqa!\ªZr^`YWx`Z‚YWk[j°ê5YWÝ¢mljlxz_Pdfek[\fcrÝ]jlÝr\)_zY^`YNè<br />

u i,Y'xz_`\)^`_`jlc,pªZ7dqjlcF_>dfeodqÞ,^<br />

eå^Mj|pfY[^s\fc;_`xP\fcrÝ0\)_>_`i,Yx`\fabY_`jlabY_`i,Y'^`Y[eA^sj|pfY[^s\)_`j|dqc¢_zdfZ7dqm|dfpfy%jlx1Ý,YWx`j|pqcrYWÝUã<br />

ó£„W÷f‡f†qþMã u irjlx<br />

Ý,Y[{fYWm|dfZ]abYWc;_`xjlx_`i,YpfYWc,Y[^s\fmlj|ë[YWݧc,Y[_›ßºdf^`#^`Y[Zr^`YWxzYWcF_`\)_`j|dqcdfeJ}irYWm|_zdqcH\fc]ÝýJ^sdqx`x`ab\fc]c<br />

x`Þ,Z7Y[^sxz_z^MÞrkN_`Þ,^`Y¥^`Y[Zr^sYWxzYWc;_`\)_`j|dqcEjlxYNÜ_zYWcrÝ,YWÝ_zdb\fk[kNdqÞrcF_eAdf^¬adf^sY>YWml\)æ‚df^M\)_zYP^`Y[eA^sj|pfY[^s\)_`j|dqceåYW\)_`Þ,^sYWx\fcrÝ<br />

i,YZr^`dfZ7dqxzYWÝHadÝ,YWm(jlc;{fdqm|{fYWxb\ExsÞ,Z7Y[^sxz_z^sÞrkN_`Þr^`Y^`Y[Zr^sYWxzYWc;_`\)_`j|dqcÁeådf^æ7df_`iH_`i,Yx`y9cF_`i,YWx`jlx'\fcrÝH_`i,Y<br />

u<br />

u irYRabd9ÝrYWmº\fmlm|dßx'eAdf^'_`i,YªjlÝ,YWc;_`j°ê‚k[\)_`j|dqc§dfe_`i,Yªc9Þraæ7Y[^$dfeJxz_`\)pfYWx[t<br />

^`Y[eA^sj|pfY[^s\fcF_xzYWm|YWkN_`j|dqcÁZr^sdfæ]m|YWabx[ã<br />

_`i,YWj|^¾dfZ7Y[^s\)_`jlc,pJ_zYWaZ7Y[^s\)_`Þ,^sYº^s\fcrpfYWx[tf_`i,Y(_y9Z‚Y2dfer^sY[eå^sj|pfY[^M\fc;_¾Z]\)^s_`jlk[j|Z]\)_`jlc,p>jlc\Jx`_`\)pfYftq_`i,Y2_zYWaZ7Y[^s\)_`Þ,^sY<br />

æ‚Y[_›ßºY[YWcÇ_ß(d§^`Y[eå^Mj|pfY[^s\fc;_`xRdk[k[Þ,^sxWt_`i,Y0ÞrxzYEdfePYWkNdqcrdqabj|ë[Y[^sx[tJZr^`YWxs\)_`Þ,^s\)_zdf^sxdf^.i,YW\)_<br />

ßi,Y[^`Y%\xzßj|_`kMi<br />

u i,Y¥dfæ,â£YWkN_`j|{fYP_zd'æ7Y¥dfZr_`jla*j|ë[YWÝ.kNdqcrx`jlÝ,Y[^Mx2æ‚df_`iªjlcF{fYWxz_`abYWc;_<br />

YNÜkMir\fc,pfY[^sxæ7Y[_ß(Y[YWc.jlc;_zY[^MaYWÝrjl\)_zY1xz_`\)pfYWxWã<br />

\fcrݪdfZ7Y[^s\)_`jlc,p*kNdqxz_`x[ã<br />

u i,Y<br />

}9Z7YWk[j°ê5k[\fmlm|yft‚_`i,Y$abd9ÝrYWmU\fk[kNdqÞrc;_`xJeAdf^{)\)Z7df^¬kNdqaZ]^`YWx`x`j|dqc.kNyk[m|YWxJßj|_`i.dqc]m|yZ5Þ,^`Y1^`Y[eA^sj|pfY[^s\fcF_`x[ã<br />

mljlíFÞ]jlݼ\fcrÝ _`i,YEY[{)\)Z‚df^M\)_zdf^dqÞr_`m|Y[_Rxs\)_`Þ,^s\)_zYWÝ {¤\)Z7df^Wã<br />

kNdqcrÝ,YWcrx`Y[^*dqÞ,_`m|Y[_ªjlxR\fx`x`Þ]aYWÝÁ_zdæ7Yxs\)_`Þ,^s\)_zYWÝ<br />

n¾ÜZ]\fcrx`j|dqc{)\fm|{fYWx-\)^`Y¥_z^`YW\)_zYWÝ.\fx2jlxzd9YWcF_`ir\fm|Z]jlk>\fcrÝ_`i,Y¥^`Y[eA^sj|pfY[^s\fcF_2{¤\)Z7df^i,YW\)_-k[\)Z]\fk[j|_`j|YWx-\)^sY¥\fxsx`ÞraYWÝ<br />

_zd¬^sYWab\fjlckNdqcrxz_`\fcF_w߬j|_`irjlcP\Jx`jlaZ5m|YºkNdqaZ]^`YWx`x`j|dqc$kNy9k[m|Y2æ]Þ,_§_`i,Y[y1ab\©yPksi]\fc,pfYº{)\fmlÞ,Y(eådf^€Ýrj°ï7Y[^`YWcF_wkNyk[m|YWx[ã<br />

û»jlí9ÞrjlÝi,YW\)_§k[\)Z]\fk[j|_`j|YWxo\fcrÝ$irYW\)_`x»dfer{)\)Z7df^sj|ëW\)_`j|dqck[\fcPæ7YºYNÜ9Z]mljlk[j|_`m|y$_z^`YW\)_zYWÝ\fx»_zYWabZ7Y[^s\)_`Þ,^`YoÝrY[Z‚YWc]Ý,YWc;_[ã<br />

Û-Y[eA^sj|pfY[^s\fcF_wx`ßj|_`ksi,YWxw\)^`Yo\fmlm|dߺYWÝdqcrm|y1jlcP_`i,YoÝrj|^sYWkN_`j|dqcPdfe,Ý,YWkN^`YW\fx`YWÝP{fdqml\)_`jlmlj|_›yfã2g(dqabZr^`YWx`xzdf^TjlcF{fYWxz_`abYWc;_<br />

mljlc,YW\)^sm|y^`YWml\)_zYWÝ*_zd1ß(df^`'jlc,Z]Þ,_[ã u i,YWxzY<br />

kNdqxz_ºjlxoÝ,YWx`kN^sj|æ7YWÝ'ßj|_`ib\¥êrÜYWÝèksir\)^spfY_zY[^saÿ\fc]Ý\>{)\)^sjl\)æ]m|Y-_zY[^sa<br />

kNdqxz_`jlc,pZ5\)^s\faY[_zY[^sx\)^sY1\fx`x`ÞrabYWÝ*_zd'æ7Y>Ý,Y[Z7YWcrÝ,YWcF_(dqcrm|y*dqc._`i,Y>kNdqaZr^`YWxsxzdf^-x`ÞrkN_`j|dqcèxsjlÝ,Y>_zYWaZ7Y[^s\)_`Þ,^sY<br />

Ýrjlx`k[Þ]x`x`j|dqc\fcrÝ>â£Þrx`_`j°ê5k[\)_`j|dqcdfe7_`i,YWxzYJadÝ,YWmljlc,p¥eAYW\)_`Þ,^`YWx<br />

\fcrÝjlcrÝrY[Z‚YWc]Ý,YWc;_¾dfe7_`i,Y¬kNdqaZr^`YWxsx`j|dqc'^s\)_`j|d,ãhƒ<br />

h\fjlÝ,yq\)^s\fa*\fc\fcrÝ.äE\)^s\fcr\fxWt»„W÷f÷f÷qþMã<br />

\fcrÝ.\fx`xsÞraZr_`j|dqc]xk[\fcªæ7Y>eådqÞrc]ݪjlc#ó¡<br />

xz_z^`YW\faádf^wj|er\¬x`jlaZ5m|YhkNy9k[m|Y(^`Y£â£YWkN_`xwirYW\)_»_zd¥\fc,df_`i,Y[^§xsjlaZ]m|YokNyk[m|Y2jlc;{fdqm|{jlc,p¥\Ýrj°ï7Y[^`YWcF_§^`Y[eA^sj|pfY[^s\fcF_[ãwé›e,_`i,Y<br />

x`\faY^`Y[eå^Mj|pfY[^s\fc;_(dfZ7Y[^s\)_zYWxºæ‚Y[_›ßºY[YWc*_ß(d\fÝ)â£\fkNYWcF_2x`jlaZ]m|Y-kNyk[m|YWx(_`i,YWcb\PZr^`YWx`\)_`Þr^s\)_zdf^ºdf^2\fcYWkNdqcrdqabj|ë[Y[^<br />

u i,Y'_zYWaZ7Y[^s\)_`Þr^`Y\)_>߬irjlksi0_`irYóAZ]Þ,^`Yþ^`Y[eA^sj|pfY[^s\fcF_1jlc¢\ªx`jlabZ]m|YkNyk[m|YY[{)\)Z7df^s\)_zYWx1df^<br />

jlx1ÞrxzYWÝ0jlc]xz_zYW\fÝUã<br />

_ ¦d«ã u irY1^`Y[eA^sj|pfY[^s\fcF_`x¬Þrx`YWÝ.jlc\^`Y[eå^Mj|pfY[^s\)_`j|dqc%xzy9x`_zYWa \)^`Y<br />

kNdqcrÝ,YWcrx`YWxjlx¬^`Y[eåY[^s^`YWݪ_zdR\fx\l¨@¦duvgr¦ShD,¨?w~hD¦j=¦<br />

u irjlx^s\fc,pfYPdfew_zYWabZ7Y[^s\)_`Þ,^`YWxjlx<br />

kNdqcrxz_z^s\fjlcrYWÝ.æ9y*_`i,YP_zYWaZ7Y[^s\)_`Þ,^`Y¥^s\fcrpfY1d©{fY[^JßirjlkMiª_`i,Y[yªk[\fc.dfZ7Y[^s\)_zYfã<br />

^ `&kl¨@¦Suvgr¦dh',¨?w~hQ¦ŒhD`&kx¦-dfew_`i,Y1^sY[eå^sj|pfY[^M\fc;_[ã<br />

^`Y[eAY[^`^`YWݪ_zdb\fx_`i,Yy¡me,„X5{S=¦Vegr¦dh'O¨<br />

a*\fc;yxz_`\)pfYWx(\)^`Yc,Y[YWÝrYWÝb\fcrÝ'߬i,Y[_`i,Y[^o\>Z]^`YWx`\)_`Þ,^s\¤è<br />

\fc;_`xoßjlmlm,dfZ7Y[^s\)_zYJjlc'_`i,Y-^`Y[eA^sj|pfY[^s\)_`j|dqcxzyxz_zYWa.tFi,d©ß<br />

u irjlxxsÞ,Z7Y[^sxz_z^sÞrkN_`Þr^`Y<br />

_zdf^Wt,YWkNdqc,dqa*j|ë[Y[^-df^-\'kNdqaæ]jlcr\)_`j|dqc.jlxÞ,_`jlmlj|ë[YWÝ\)_-\Z]\)^`_`jlk[Þrml\)^_zYWabZ‚Y[^M\)_`Þ,^`Y¥m|Y[{fYWmõã<br />

u i,Y*x`ÞrZ‚Y[^`è<br />

x`Þ,Z7Y[^sjlabZ‚dqx`YWx1\fmlm(eåYW\fx`j|æ5m|YR\fc]Ýî\fmlm|dß(\)æ]m|Y^`Y[eå^Mj|pfY[^s\)_`j|dqc§kNdqcê]pqÞ,^M\)_`j|dqcrx\fcrÝ#^sY[eå^sj|pfY[^M\fc;_`x[ã<br />

xz_z^sÞrkN_`Þr^`Y'Ý,YWx`kN^sj|Zr_`j|dqc#Ý,YNê5c,YWx>\ªirj|Y[^M\)^sksiFy߬i,Y[^`Y'\)_>_`i,Y'_zdfZ¢_`i,Y'^sY[eå^sj|pfY[^M\fc;_`x>߬irjlksi0a*\WyZ5\)^`_`jlk[j|Z]\)_zY<br />

\)^sY*Zr^sY[Z‚dqx`_`Þrml\)_zYWÝUã ¢,df^YW\fksiHx`ÞrkMi#^`Y[eA^sj|pfY[^s\fcF_[t¾\fmlmoZ7dqx`xsj|æ]m|Y^`Y[eA^sj|pfY[^s\)_`j|dqcxz_`\)pfYWxªóõjõãYfãlt<br />

jlc#_`irY*xzyxz_zYWa<br />

cFÞ]a$æ7Y[^2dfe¾m|Y[{fYWmlx¬\fc]ݪdfZ7Y[^s\)_`jlc,pb_zYWabZ7Y[^s\)_`Þ,^`YWxMþº\)^`YPZ‚dqx`_`Þrml\)_zYWÝUã…¢€jlcr\fmlm|yReAdf^YW\fkMixz_`\)pfYRóA_zYWaZ7Y[^s\)_`Þ,^sY<br />

þ1\fmlmºZ7dqx`x`j|æ]m|YkNdqc,ê]pqÞ,^s\)_`j|dqcrxRóA_zdfZ7dqm|dfpqj|YWxMþ$jlc;{fdqm|{jlc,pEi,YW\)_PYNÜ,ksir\fcrpfY[^sx[t€YWkNdqc,dqabj|ë[Y[^Mx$\fcrÝz‘df^PZr^`YNè<br />

m|Y[{fYWm<br />

x`\)_`Þ,^s\)_zdf^Mx\)^sYkNdqcrx`_z^sÞrkN_zYWÝUãéšcrx`_zYW\fÝîdfe_z^sYW\)_`jlc,p%_`i,Yx`_`\)pfY_zYWabZ7Y[^s\)_`Þ,^`YWx$\fx${)\)^sjl\)æ]m|YWxªó±g(dqmlabYWcr\)^`YWx<br />

\fcrÝ*}9YWjlÝrY[^Wt]„W÷f‡f÷qþMt,\>Ýrjlx`kN^`Y[_`j|ëW\)_`j|dqc*dfe7_`i,Y_zYWaZ7Y[^s\)_`Þr^`Yx`k[\fm|Ydfe‚YW\fksi\fmlm|d©ß(YWÝb^sY[eå^sj|pfY[^M\fc;_¬ó±},i,YWm|_zdqc\fcrÝ<br />

ýJ^`dqx`xsab\fcrcUtr„W÷f‡f†qþ€ßirjlksiZr^`d©{jlÝ,YWxhk[\fc]ÝrjlÝr\)_zY_zYWaZ7Y[^s\)_`Þr^`Ym|Y[{fYWmlxheAdf^h^`Y[eA^sj|pfY[^s\)_`j|dqcxz_`\)pfYWx(jlx€YWaZ5m|d©yfYWÝUã<br />

noc,Y[^spfyV’]d©ß æ7Y[_ß(Y[YWcR_ß(d'Ýrj°ï‚Y[^sYWc;_(_zYWaZ7Y[^s\)_`Þ,^sY¬m|Y[{fYWmlx2dfZ7Y[^s\)_`jlc,pßj|_`i_`i,Y¥x`\faY¬^`Y[eå^Mj|pfY[^s\fc;_2Ý,YNê5crYWxº\<br />


› œ/“@RkNdqc;_`\fjlc]x$\fmlmo_`i,Y*k[\fcrÝ]jlÝr\)_zYb_zYWabZ‚Y[^M\)_`Þ,^`Ym|Y[{fYWmlxjlc¢_`i,Y<br />

^`Y[Zr^`YWx`YWc;_`\)_`j|dqc—–2ó?˜‚DšþCãªñdÝ,Ybx`Y[_‡˜<br />

› œFó?“*Džþ#RÝ,YWcrdf_zYWx>_`i,YbxzY[_Pdfe2\fmlmhZ‚dqxsx`j|æ]m|Y'YWc,Y[^`pfyŸ’]dßx>æ7Y[_ß(Y[YWc<br />

^`Y[eA^sj|pfY[^s\)_`j|dqcHxzy9x`_zYWa.レ^skCèxzY[_}š<br />

eådf^Mabjlc,pªx`jlabZ]m|Y'kNy9k[m|YWx$æ7Y[_ß(Y[YWc•“\fcrÝ©ž0ãR}jlabjlml\)^sm|yft§_`i,YxzY[_`xŒ¥§ª\fcrÝ«¥z¬*kNdf^`^`YWxzZ7dqcrÝ%_zd<br />

ó?“*Džþ‡£aš<br />

eAdf^sa*jlc,pkNyk[m|YWxæ‚Y[_›ßºY[YWcaž \fcrÝ«“šã©®J_`i,Y[^xz_z^`YW\fabxjlcrk[mlÞrÝrY*xz_z^`YW\fa ùEßirjlkMi#YWcF_zY[^sx<br />

\)^sk[xªó¡ž©Q“±þV£­š‡<br />

YWc,Y[^`pfy”’]dßx-jlcª_`i,Y$c,Y[_ß(df^`‚ã<br />

ÌPÏ'ÖXŪ ´ÌËW²ÍVÙ Æ(×UØ`ÌJÎ<br />

³<br />

...<br />

...<br />

Higher Levels<br />

Se<br />

a<br />

b<br />

S<br />

f<br />

E<br />

1<br />

2<br />

H<br />

Sh<br />

d<br />

H<br />

S<br />

C<br />

J<br />

6<br />

4<br />

Block F<br />

c<br />

F<br />

5<br />

I<br />

Level l<br />

3<br />

G<br />

S g<br />

...<br />

Lower Levels<br />

¢€j|pqÞ,^`Yb„\2}jlc,pqm|YPm|Y[{fYWm“§^sY[eå^sj|pfY[^M\)_`j|dqcx`ÞrZ‚Y[^Mxz_z^sÞrkN_`Þ,^sY<br />

^ uvgP¦‡id€Oi©¦[〃JmlxzdYWc,Y[^`pfyeA^`dqa…\P_zYWabZ7Y[^s\)_`Þ,^`Ym|Y[{fYWm‚dfeUdqc,YJ^`Y[eA^sj|pfY[^s\fcF_(k[\fcæ7Y^sY£âšYWkN_zYWÝ_zd\1_zYWaZ7Y[^s\¤è<br />

b<br />

u irjlx\fk[kNdqÞrc;_`xeådf^J\fmlmUZ7dqx`x`j|æ]m|Y>YWcrY[^`pfy”’]d©ß<br />

_`Þ,^`Y1m|Y[{fYWm§dfew\fcrdf_`i,Y[^^`Y[eA^sj|pfY[^s\fcF_\)_\bm|d©ß(Y[^¬_zYWabZ‚Y[^M\)_`Þ,^`Yfã<br />

u i,Y\fÝ,{)\fcF_`\)pfY¬dfe‚_`irjlxh\)ZrZ]^`dq\fksi*jlx¾_`ir\)_oc,dqc]mljlc,YW\)^sj|_`j|YWxº^`YWx`Þrm|_`jlc,p<br />

Z]\)_z_zY[^scrxojlc'_`i,Y-^`Y[eA^sj|pfY[^s\)_`j|dqc*xzyxz_zYWa.ã<br />

_z^`YW\)_`jlcrp*_zYWabZ‚Y[^M\)_`Þ,^`YWx\fxJ{)\)^sjl\)æ]m|YWxJ\)^`Y\W{fdqjlÝ,YWÝUã u i,Y$Ýrjlx`\fÝ,{)\fc;_`\)pfY'jlx¬_`ir\)_¥\'ê5c,Y$_zYWaZ7Y[^s\)_`Þ,^sY<br />

eå^sdqa<br />

Ýrjlx`kN^`Y[_`j|ëW\)_`j|dqcHjlxPcrY[YWÝ,YWÝ%_zd.YWcrx`Þr^`Y'_`ir\)_1c,dªpfd9d9Ý#xzdqmlÞ,_`j|dqcrx$\)^`Y'd©{fY[^sm|d9dffYWÝÝrÞ,Y_zdkNdq\)^sx`YWc,YWx`x1dfe2_`i,Y<br />

Ýrjlx`kN^`Y[_`j|ëW\)_`j|dqcTã<br />

jlx'_`i,^`dqÞ,pqi\0c,Y[_›ßºdf^s<br />

ƒ²kNdqc;{fYWcrj|YWcF_ß2\WyH_zd0^`Y[Zr^`YWx`YWc;_'_`i,Yª\fmlm|dߺYWݼYWc,Y[^`pfy•’]d©ßx'jlc_`irY.xzy9x`_zYWa<br />

u i]jlx(x`Y[_2jlx2eõÞ,^`_`irY[^(Z5\)^`_`j|_`j|dqc,YWݪjlcF_zdx`Þ,æ]xzY[_š§ »ßirjlkMiRjlx2_`i,Y>xzY[_dfe§\fmlm<br />

\fc;y*_ß(d_zYWaZ7Y[^s\)_`Þr^`Y¬jlcF_zY[^`{)\fmlx[ã<br />

YWc,Y[^`pfyV’5d©ßxºeådf^Mabjlc,pP\x`jlabZ]m|YkNyk[m|Yftr\fcrÝyšŒ¡(ßirjlkMi*jlxº_`i,Y¥xzY[_ºdfeT\fmlm‚YWc,Y[^spfyŒ’]d©ßx(^`Y[Z]^`YWxzYWcF_`jlc,pPYWc,Y[^spfy<br />

df^Ý,YWcrdf_`jlc,pb\xz߬j|_`ksiªæ7Y[_ß(Y[YWc^`Y[eå^Mj|pfY[^s\fc;_`xWã<br />

_z^s\fcrxzeAY[^-_zddf^¬eå^sdqaà\'Zr^`dkNYWx`x-xz_z^sYW\fa<br />

i,Yx`ÞrZ‚Y[^Mxz_z^sÞrkN_`Þ,^sYh^`Y[Zr^`YWx`YWc;_`\)_`j|dqc'dfe‚\¥x`jlc,pqm|Y2_zYWaZ7Y[^s\)_`Þ,^sY(m|Y[{fYWm,jlx¾x`ird©ßcjlcŒ¢€j|pqÞ,^`Y1„)ã u irjlx§ê]pqÞ,^`Y<br />

u<br />

Z]jlkN_zdf^sjl\fmlm|y%jlmlmlÞrxz_z^s\)_zYWx¥_`irYx`ÞrZ‚Y[^MjlaZ7dqx`j|_`j|dqcªdfeo\fmlmwZ7dqx`x`j|æ5m|YPZr^`dkNYWx`xJksi,dqjlkNYWx1eådf^>c,dÝ,Y‡“ojlc_`irYc,Y[_›ßºdf^s<br />

u i,Y¾YWcF_`j|^`Yo^`Y[eA^sj|pfY[^s\)_`j|dqcxzyxz_zYWaÇjlx»_`iFÞrx§kNdqaZ7dqxzYWÝ¥dfe,\k[\fxsk[\fÝ,Yodfe,x`jlc,pqm|Yºm|Y[{fYWmFx`ÞrZ‚Y[^Mxz_z^sÞrkN_`Þ,^sYWx<br />

–2ó?˜‚DšþCã<br />

mljlc,fYWÝ_`i,^`dqÞrpqi$YWcrY[^`pfy$\fcrÝ'a*\fx`x¢’]d©ßxWã€û»Y[{fYWmr“B£l˜tqxsi,d©ßcjlcŒ¢€j|pqÞ,^`Y1„)tqx`ÞrZ‚Y[^MjlaZ7dqxzYWx»irYW\)_¾YNÜkMir\fc,pfY[^<br />

ßi]jlksi¢\fk[kNY[Zr_`x$YWc,Y[^`pfy%eA^`dqaòdf_`i,Y[^$^`Y[eA^sj|pfY[^s\fcF_`x‘Zr^`dkNYWx`xxz_z^`YW\fabxWt»i,YW\)_PYNÜ,ksi]\fc,pfY[^§¤…ßi]jlksi0^`Y£â£YWkN_`x<br />

g<br />

ó¡ ¬èûwþ>x`Y[Z]\)^s\)_zdf^}0\fm|dqc,pßj|_`i#\fmlm<br />

i,YW\)_P_zddf_`i,Y[^P^sY[eå^sj|pfY[^M\fc;_`x‘Z]^`d9kNYWxsx$xz_z^sYW\fabxP\fc]Ý0_`i,Yb{)\)Z7df^zèmljlí9ÞrjlÝ<br />

u i,YPx`_z^`YW\fabx¬kNdqcrxz_`j|_`Þ,_`jlc,pxzY[_`x¦¥§¡¬\fc]ÝŸ¥¨bkNdf^`^`YWxzZ7dqcrݪ_zd\)^sk[x<br />

_`i,Y$crYWkNYWx`x`\)^`y.a*\fx`x-\fcrÝYWc,Y[^`pfy’]dßx[ã<br />

¬èûáx`Y[Z]\)^s\)_zdf^R\fcrÝÁxz_z^`YW\fa±°%ßirjlkMiÁæ9yFZ5\fx`xzYWx'_`i,Yl èûÔxzY[Z]\)^s\)_zdf^©ã ô2m|dk`²¤îjlxb\RâzÞrcrkN_`j|dqc<br />

jlc;_zdî_`i,Ȳ<br />

jlx1\ªx`Þ,Z7Y[^sxz_z^MÞrkN_`Þ,^`Y^`Y[Zr^`YWx`YWc;_`\)_`j|dqc#dfeº_`i,Y<br />

ßirjlkMi0^`Y[Zr^`YWx`YWc;_`x>\ªa*j°Üjlc,pRdf^P\ªx`Z]mlj|_z_`jlc,pªZ7dqjlc;_[ã'ô2m|dk`©¢<br />

_`i,Yxz_z^`YW\fa*x¬dfe2xzY[_‡¥¨9ã u irjlx>xsÞ,Z7Y[^sxz_z^sÞrkN_`Þr^`Y<br />

xzZ]mlj|_z_`jlc,p.\fc]Ý0abj°Ü,jlc,pRdfeºxz_z^`YW\fa*x}°R\fcrÝ¢†R\fx¥_`i,Y[yEeådf^Ma<br />

^`Y[Zr^`YWx`YWc;_`\)_`j|dqc0jlx>Þ,_`jlmlj|ë[YWÝEßj|_`i]jlcE\fcEdfZr_`jla*j|ëW\)_`j|dqc%eå^M\faY[ß(df^`ª_zdªxzdqm|{fY'eådf^J_`i,YdfZr_`jla*\fm»{)\fmlÞ,YWxJdfeo_`i,Y<br />

Ý,Y[_`\fjlm|YWÝ\fc]\fm|y9x`jlx¬\fcrÝÝrY[^sj|{¤\)_`j|dqcdfe€_`i,YPadÝ,YWmljlc,p'YWí9Þr\)_`j|dqcrxJÝ,YWx`kN^Mj|æ]jlc,p'_`i,YPxsÞ,Z7Y[^sxz_z^sÞrkN_`Þr^`Y>jlx-Zr^`d)è<br />

ƒ<br />

ó¡ h\fjlÝ,yq\)^s\fa*\fc§\fcrÝîäE\)^s\fcr\fxWt-„W÷f÷f÷qþMã u i,YWxzY*abd9ÝrYWmljlc,pYWí9Þr\)_`j|dqcrxjlcF{fdqm|{fY.c,dqcrmljlc,YW\)^sj|_`j|YWxjlc<br />

{9jlÝrYWÝîjlc<br />

dfeX’]d©ß^s\)_zY‘YWc;_`i]\fm|ZFy%Zr^`dÝrÞrkN_`xWã u irjlx¥\fÝ,{fY[^sxzYWm|yE\¤ï‚YWkN_`x1x`dqmlÞ,_`j|dqc%_z^s\fkN_`\)æ]jlmlj|_›y¢\fcrÝEZr^`dqirj|æ]j|_`x<br />

_`i,Yeådf^Ma<br />

^ `&k¨¡p~¦£gPhDe5{S=¦SubSey¨¡px,¨<br />

_`i,Y>xzY[_z_`jlc,p'dfe§dfZr_`jlab\fmlj|_›y*pqÞr\)^M\fc;_zY[YWx[ãXµ0Y>^`YWaYWÝ,y'_`i]jlxx`i,df^`_`kNdqa*jlc,p$æ9ylhQ¦Qi0b¨<br />

`Pe`> ^ `z¦Qh ^ ¨ ^ ¦Sb‡gOgr¦#h§e`F·€j„ ^ ¨¡p ^ `Šjb ^ `&kO¦}`Pe`> ^ `z¦Qh§i#e`rbS¨?h' ^ `F¨…b©¦d¨…,`Pny¨¡pr¦S` ^ n5¦d`F¨ ^ f€yie`Pn ^ ¨ ^ e,`rb}w~`>¸<br />

ü


p ^ iSpˆ¨¡p ^ b‰`ze`> ^ `z¦#hji#e`>b¨?hD ^ `P¨qbd¦©¨ ^ b‰hQ¦Qn,wx`znO`F¨‚O¨q¨¡p~¦jeg§¨ ^ ujBbSe,·wr¨ ^ e`P u irjlx¬jlx¬\fk[kNdqabZ]mljlx`i,YWÝ<br />

n5¦Sh§„<br />

æFy#Zr^`d)â£YWkN_`jlc,p_`irY*eAYW\fx`j|æ]m|YR^`Y[pqj|dqcHdfe-_`i,Ydf^sj|pqjlcr\fm(adÝ,YWmljlc,pYWíFÞ]\)_`j|dqcrxdqc;_zdE_`i,Y^`YWÝrÞrkNYWÝHxzZ]\fkNYRdfe-\<br />

½<br />

à<br />

Ê<br />

æ<br />

Â<br />

ºÄ »Å¥ÆÇ¢È'É;Ê Ã<br />

à<br />

¼Vº;»<br />

¹º;»<br />

à ˆ~•ËOº;»ñ£©œ©ˆ~W„0 ó£„[ˆ;þ<br />

¼Vº;»‰½Šº;»‡D¹º;»<br />

i,Y1dfærâšYWkN_`j|{fYeAÞ]crkN_`j|dqcjlxJkNdqaZ7dqxzYWݪdfe¾_`irYPx`Þra dfew_`irY$kNdqaZ]^`YWx`xzdf^jlcF{fYWxz_`abYWc;_J\fcrÝ.dfZ7Y[^s\)_`jlc,pkNdqxz_`x[ã<br />

u<br />

Ì<br />

Ê<br />

Â<br />

xzY[_bdfe¥fY[y§{)\)^sjl\)æ]m|YWx[ã u irYWxzYªfY[y§{¤\)^Mjl\)æ]m|YWx*jlc]k[mlÞrÝ,Y.^`Y[eA^sj|pfY[^s\fcF_j’5d©ß-^s\)_zYWxc¹º;»<br />

ßj|_`irjlcÁxsjlaZ]m|YkNyk[m|YWx<br />

’]dßx3¼Vº;»1t7\fcrÝߺdf^`.jlcrZ]Þ,_¾½©º;»Ô_zd\x`jlaZ5m|YPkNy9k[m|Yfã u irjlx<br />

dfZ7Y[^s\)_`jlc,pæ‚Y[_›ßºY[YWc%m|Y[{fYWmlx¦“h\fc]ݯž0t‚YWc,Y[^`pfy<br />

jlcF_zY[^s\fkN_`j|dqcrxJdfeh\bpqj|{fYWcEm|Y[{fYWmwßj|_`i_`i,YPYWcè<br />

xzY[_Jdfe¾{¤\)^sjl\)æ5m|YWx¬Þrc]\fa$æ5j|pqÞ,dqÞrx`m|yRÝ,YWx`kN^sj|æ7YWx¬_`i,YPYWcrY[^`pfy’]d©ß<br />

u i]jlx¥Zr^`d)â£YWkN_`j|dqc0^`YWÝrÞrkNYWx¥_`irY'_zdf_`\fmoc9Þraæ‚Y[^Jdfe({¤\)^sjl\)æ5m|YWx>æ]Þ,_>adf^sY<br />

_`j|^`Y'^`Y[eA^sj|pfY[^s\)_`j|dqcîx`Þ,Z7Y[^sxz_z^sÞ]kN_`Þ,^`Yfã<br />

jlaZ7df^`_`\fcF_`m|yft5\)eA_zY[^¬k[\)^`Y[eõÞrm§ab\fcrj|Z]Þ]ml\)_`j|dqcUtX¿z\)pfpf^`Y[pq\)_zYWxQÀª\fmlm§c,dqcrmljlc,YW\)^Mj|_`j|YWx¬jlcF_zd*\*x`jlc,pqm|Y$kNdqc]xz_z^s\fjlcF_¬xzY[_<br />

óõv(þM〃…ÝrY[_`\fjlm|YWÝHÝrYWx`kN^sj|Zr_`j|dqcîdfe_`i,Y*x`Y[_`x[t€Z]\)^s\faY[_zY[^MxP\fcrÝ#{¤\)^sjl\)æ5m|YWx$k[\fcHæ7YeAdqÞrcrÝ¢jlc<br />

jlc#eAdf^saÞrml\)_`j|dqc<br />

h\fjlÝ,yq\)^s\fa*\fc\fcrÝ.äE\)^s\fcr\fxWt»„W÷f÷f÷qþMã<br />

ó¡<br />

a*jlcÁ‰›<br />

¨0ËOº;»—Ììó<br />

¡Cþ>½Šº;»9Î<br />

Ê…Í<br />

 ó?¼Œ»…º~Ì!½Ÿ»ºåþÌ<br />

»9Ä º·Å¥ÆÇ¢È Ã »9Ï<br />

Â<br />

à »9Ä ºÐÅ?ÆÇÑ »9Ï<br />

¼Œ»…º<br />

x`Þ,æ,â£YWkN_-_zd<br />

óõv2þ<br />

mÔ0Õ<br />

󣄩þ<br />

 ›<br />

à ºÄ »Å¥ÆÇ¢È »9Ï<br />

Â<br />

à ºÄ »£Å?ÆÇÑ »9Ï<br />

¼Vº;»ÒÌ<br />

¼Vº$»‰ŠÓ“£ˆ˜<br />

¹º;»<br />

ó8ß » Û ßºåþ@Î~Ì<br />

¼Vº;»<br />

Â<br />

à ºÄ »Å¥ÆÇ¢È »9Ï<br />

ÍÙ@Ú º Û«Ü<br />

mÝ º<br />

Ú©Þ<br />

É×ÖVØ<br />

»‚Ï Ã º=Ä »Å?Æ0Ç Ñ<br />

ÐÔ0Õ<br />

¹»…º<br />

º Ì Â<br />

¼Œ»…ºŠÓ”“B£l˜<br />

ó ‰qþ<br />

Â<br />

à »9Ä º·Å¥ÆÇ¢È »9Ï<br />

ÍÙ@Ú<br />

ÖVØ<br />

»‚Ï Ã »‚Ä º·Å?Æ0Ç Ñ<br />

á<br />

à »9Ä ºÐÅ?Æ0Ç¢È<br />

ó?¼Œ»ºxÌ!½Š»…ºåþ<br />

»‚Ï<br />

á<br />

à »‚Ä º·Å?Æ0Ç¢È »‚Ï<br />

¹»…º<br />

mÝ º<br />

Þ Ú<br />

ó üqþ<br />

Ì Ü<br />

ó8ß » Û ßºåþŠÓòó?“7Džþ £¯š‡<br />

º Ý<br />

Í#Ù7Ú º Û«Ü<br />

Þ Ú<br />

¼Vº;» à ¹º;»<br />

ó8ß » Û ßºåþ@ΊÓ%ó?“*Džþ£¯š§ óAùFþ<br />

É×ÖVØ<br />

Ý º<br />

Ú©Þ<br />

½©º;» › â<br />

¼Vº$» Û ¹º$»$ó<br />

ߺåþ@å[ŠÓEó?“*Džþ£lš<br />

º;»<br />

Í#Ù@Ú º Û«Ü<br />

ó¥°qþ<br />

ó8ß » Û ß§ºåþ Û«Ü Í#Ù@Ú<br />

Ü ÍÙ@Ú<br />

ÖVØ<br />

Ú©Þ<br />

Ú/Þ<br />

ã²ä<br />

º$ç<br />

º·ç<br />

º › Â<br />

¼Vº$»‰ŠÓ“£ˆ˜<br />

ó †qþ<br />

Ù#è<br />

Ùè<br />

»9Ï Ã ºÄ »Å¥ÆÇ Ñ<br />

mÔ0ê<br />

mÔ0ê<br />

º › Â æ}é<br />

¼Œ»ºŠÓ“£ˆ˜ é<br />

ó±øfþ<br />

»9Ï Ã »9Ä º·Å¥ÆÇ Ñ<br />

¼Vº;» ë ¼ì<br />

º;» ËOº;»}ŠÓ0ó?“7Džþ £¯š‡ ó ‡qþ<br />

¼Œ»ºíë<br />

¼Vº$»‰<br />

¼Vº;»îë<br />

ó ÷qþ<br />

Â<br />

à »‚Ä º·Å¥ÆÇ¢Ñ »9Ï<br />

Â<br />

à ºÄ »£Å?Æ0Ç¢È »‚Ï<br />

Â<br />

à º=Ä »Å?Æ0Ç¢Ñ »‚Ï<br />

 ó?¼Œ»ºxÌ!½Ÿ»ºåþlÓï“B£l˜…ð<br />

»9Ä ºÐÅ?ÆÇÈ Ã »9Ï<br />

g(dqcrx`_z^s\fjlc;_*xzY[_‰0ÝrYWx`kN^sj|æ7YWx_`i,Y<br />

g(dqcrxz_z^M\fjlc;_xzY[_„.jlxb_`i,Yd{fY[^s\fmlmYWcrY[^`pfyæ]\fml\fcrkNYeAdf^*\¢pqj|{fYWc¼m|Y[{fYWmõã<br />

u i,Yc,dqcrkNdqcF{fYNÜîkNdqcrxz_z^s\fjlcF_xzY[_üab\fjlcF_`\fjlcrx<br />

YWc,Y[^`pfy¢æ5\fml\fcrkNY\)^sdqÞrcrÝ#\)^sYW\\)æUk[ÝHx`i,d©ß¬c#jlca¢wj|pqÞr^`YE„)ã<br />

u i,Yo^`Y[eå^Mj|pfY[^s\fc;_€xz_z^`YW\faádfZ7Y[^s\)_`jlc,p<br />

kNdqcrx`jlxz_zYWc]kNy1dfe,_`i,Yºa*\fx`x»\fc]ÝPYWc,Y[^spfy>æ]\fml\fcrkNYWx€\)_»_`i,Y2abj°Ü,jlc,p-æ5m|d9ks}¢ºã<br />

jlxJeådf^sabYWÝ.æ9y.abj°Ü,jlc,pbZ7df^`_`j|dqcdfeh_`i,Yx`Þ,Z7Y[^sirYW\)_zYWÝ.{)\)Z‚df^¥xz_z^`YW\faò°<br />

jlc\RkNyk[m|Yæ‚Y[_›ßºY[YWc%m|Y[{fYWmlx¦“h\fc]Ýlž<br />

†9ã u i,Ybc,dqcrkNdqcF{fYNÜ#kNdqcrxz_z^M\fjlc;_$YWcrx`Þ,^`YWx1_`ir\)_1_`i,Y*^`YWx`Þrm|_`jlc,p<br />

ßj|_`i¢Z5\)^`_1dfe2_`i,Ybx`\)_`Þr^s\)_zYWÝ¢{)\)Z7df^$xz_z^`YW\fa<br />

eå^`dqa _`irjlxba*j°Üjlc,p óAæ7YWm|dqc,pqjlcrp¢_zdîxzY[_¥¨qþjlxbm|YWxsxbx`Þ,Z7Y[^sirYW\)_zYWÝ_`ir\fc xz_z^sYW\faó°9ã é£c,YWí9Þr\fmlj|_yù<br />

xz_z^`YW\fa<br />

YWcrx`Þ,^sYWx1_`ir\)__`i,Y*kNdqabZr^`YWx`x`df^Pjlcrm|Y[_jlxPYWj|_`i,Y[^x`\)_`Þ,^M\)_zYWÝîdf^x`Þ,Z7Y[^si,YW\)_zYWÝ#{¤\)Z7df^Wãg2dqcrxz_z^s\fjlcF_§°.^`YWml\)_zYWx<br />

g(dqcrxz_z^s\fjlcF_*†<br />

kNdqaZr^sYWx`x`j|dqc§ß(df^`_zd¢YWc,Y[^`pfya’]dßx[t(_zYWaZ7Y[^s\)_`Þ,^sY.m|Y[{fYWmlx*\fcrÝÁ^`Y[eå^Mj|pfY[^s\fc;_*ab\fx`xŒ’5d©ßx[ã<br />

x`\)_`jlx£ê]YWx_`i,YkNdFdqmljlcrpEm|dq\fÝrx$^`YWí9Þrj|^`YWÝ#æFy0_`i,Y*Zr^`dkNYWx`xPx`_z^`YW\fabx[ã<br />

YWcrx`Þ,^sYWx1_`ir\)__`i,Yb^sY[eå^sj|pfY[^M\)_`j|dqcîxzyxz_zYWa<br />

g(dqcrxz_z^M\fjlc;_ø$ab\fjlcF_`\fjlcrx2_`ir\)_2_`i,Y¥YWc,Y[^`pfy*^`YWí9Þrj|^`YWaYWcF_`x(eådf^2Zr^sd9kNYWx`xx`_z^`YW\fabx(_zdæ7YJi,YW\)_zYWݪ\)^sY1x`\)_`jlx£ê]YWÝ<br />

xzyxz_zYWaã ûTdfpqjlk[\fm¥kNdqcrxz_z^M\fjlc;_ªxzY[_ª‡¢xzY[_`x_`i,YYWc,Y[^`pfyÒ’5d©ß jlc¼\Hx`jlaZ5m|YkNy9k[m|Y%_zd<br />

æFy§_`irY^`Y[eA^sj|pfY[^s\)_`j|dqc<br />

ë[Y[^`dj|ew_`i,Y1kNy9k[m|Y1ÝrdFYWx-crdf_(YNÜ,jlxz_[ã(g2dqcrxz_z^s\fjlcF_`x÷YWcrx`Þr^`Y¥_`ir\)_-kNdqcrxzYWk[Þ,_`j|{fYP^`Y[eå^Mj|pfY[^s\fc;_¬xzßj|_`ksirYWxßj|_`i,dqÞ,_<br />

ù


^ kp~¦dh ^ `©¨¡p~¦‡hQ¦?fh ^ kx¦ShD,¨ ^ e,`©b¨?hw>i©¨?w~hD¦[ã<br />

p<br />

^ uj¢bdeÐw~¨ ^ e`•e'fXfSehuŒw~m,¨ ^ e`¡<br />

ô‰õöP÷1ø~õ/ùú­ÿücý¢p~¦§egz¨<br />

Æ9W ŽVÙ Ö ¢¤£<br />

irjlxYNÜ\fabZ]m|Y>YNÜ9Z5m|df^`YWx_`irYPÞrxzY1dfe€_`i,Y$Zr^`dfZ7dqxzYWÝ.abY[_`i,dÝ,dqm|dfpfyReådf^Jxzy9cF_`i,YWx`j|ëWjlcrpbdfZr_`jla*\fmU^`Y[eA^sj|pfY[^s\)_`j|dqc<br />

u<br />

\)æ]m|Yb„\2g(dqaZ]Þr_`\)_`j|dqcr\fm7Z7Y[^`eådf^Mab\fcrkNY¥eAdf^Ýrj°ï7Y[^`YWc;_¬Ýrjlx`kN^`Y[_`j|ëW\)_`j|dqcrx<br />

u<br />

u df_`\fmTm|Y[{fYWmlx g(dqxz_Pó¦¥,‘y9^Cþ ÛYWml\)_`j|{fY'ý¥\)Zó¦§þ g2vº~…óõxzYWk©þ<br />

ñd,ã<br />

÷f† „W‰)ˆfˆfˆq‡¤ù ˆãŸ÷f‡ ‡9ãŸüfü<br />

‡)ö<br />

W ÆË ÍVW<br />

xzyxz_zYWa*\)_`jlkabY[_`i,dÝ,dqm|dfpfy#eAdf^ê5crÝrjlcrp_`i,YRdfZr_`jla*\fmº^sY[eå^sj|pfY[^M\)_`j|dqc§kNy9k[m|Yª_zdfZ7dqm|dfpfy§jlcrkNdf^`Z7df^s\)_`jlc,pE^`YNè<br />

ƒ<br />

\)^`Y*Ý,d%c,df_$d9k[k[Þ,^©ãl¢€jlcr\fmlm|yftokNdqcrxz_z^M\fjlc;_R„[ˆ%jlaZ7dqxzYWx1\<br />

\kNdqabZr^`YWx`xsj|dqc#kNyk[m|YdfZ7Y[^s\)_`jlcrpæ7Y[_ß(Y[YWcH_`i,YWa<br />

\fx-æ]jlcr\)^`yfã<br />

c,dqcrc,Y[pq\)_`j|{j|_yª^sYWxz_z^sjlkN_`j|dqcdqcª_`i,Y1{)\)^sjl\)æ]m|YWx¬\fcrݪÝ,YWk[ml\)^`YWxvËOº;»<br />

óõv(þ*kNdf^`^`YWxzZ7dqcrÝ]xb_zd§\c,dqcrkNdqcF{fYNÜ äé£ñ¬û§v§ãñ¬Y[{fY[^`_`i,YWm|YWx`xWt¥\fmlm¥c,dqc]mljlc,YW\)^ª_zY[^sabx\)^`Y<br />

¢,df^saÞrml\)_`j|dqc<br />

üqþMã0éšcìó¡ h\fjlÝ,yq\)^s\fa*\fc§\fcrÝHä\)^s\fc]\fx[t¬„W÷f÷f÷qþMt(j|_jlxx`ird©ßc<br />

¿zjlxzdqml\)_zYWÝ>À0߬j|_`irjlc\x`jlcrpqm|YRkNdqc]xz_z^s\fjlcF_xzY[_.ó<br />

_`i,YWc<br />

_`ir\)_¥j|eh\)_Jm|YW\fxz_¥dqc,Y$dfeh_`i,Y$eådqmlm|dßjlc,pR_ß(dRZr^`dfZ7Y[^`_`j|YWxirdqmlÝ\)_J_`i,YdfZr_`jlab\fm§xzdqmlÞ,_`j|dqcEdfe¾_`i,Yäé£û»v<br />

kNdqcrxz_z^s\fjlcF_¬x`Y[_¬üjlx-^`YWÝ]ÞrcrÝr\fcF_\fcrݪ_`i9Þrx-k[\fcªæ7Y>YWmljlabjlc]\)_zYWÝUã<br />

ô‰õöP÷1ø~õ/ùú­û>üyý¢p~¦}n&¦b¨ ^ `P,¨ ^ e`Še'f¾,8¦S`z¦dh?kO€£þ£e„ b‡¦duV,`P,¨ ^ `&k9fhDeu<br />

¦ _ ¦d&“ ^ b¦§b ^ `&kO¦¦ _ ¦SPme/i#,¨@¦#n<br />

nOe¦b}`Pe,¨ ^ `PidÐw>n5¦§`>€¯¦Qie`Peu ^=ƒ ¦ShbS<br />

ƒÇx`Þðk[j|YWc;_2kNdqcrÝrj|_`j|dqceAdf^2xs\)_`jlxzeåyjlc,pvh^`dfZ7Y[^`_`j|YWx¥„J\fcrÝR‰Pjlx(_`ir\)_(_`i,Y[yb\)^`Y¥c,dYWkNdqc,dqabj|ë[Y[^Mx(\fc]Ý*\x`jlc,pqm|Y<br />

i,YW\)_x`jlcrjlcª_`irY1^`Y[eA^sj|pfY[^s\)_`j|dqc._zdfZ7dqm|dfpfyfã<br />

ƒ¬Ý]Ýrj|_`j|dqcr\fm1abd9Ý,YWmljlcrpHjlabZr^`d©{fYWabYWc;_`xª\fjla*jlc,pÁ\)_ª_z^s\fkN_`\)æ]jlmlj|_›yft$x`Þ]ksiÇ\fxª^sY[Z]ml\fkNYWaYWcF_ªdfem|Y[{fYWm°è±_zd)èm|Y[{fYWm<br />

ßj|_`i*aÞ]ksieAY[ß(Y[^(m|Y[{fYWm°è\fkN_`j|{)\)_`j|dqcæ5jlcr\)^`y{¤\)^Mjl\)æ]m|YWxÁ/º±t\1Zr^Mj|df^sjrxzYWm|YWkN_`j|dqcRæ7Y[_ß(Y[YWc<br />

æ]jlcr\)^`y{)\)^sjl\)æ]m|YWxËOº;»<br />

\0Zr^`YWxs\)_`Þ,^s\)_zdf^df^YWkNdqcrdqabj|ë[Y[^Wt2\fcrݧjlÝ,YWcF_`j°ê5k[\)_`j|dqc¼dfe¬_`j|pqiF_æ7dqÞrcrÝrxdqc§_`irYªYWc,Y[^`pfy«’]d©ßxbir\W{fY.æ7Y[YWc<br />

h\fjlÝ,yq\)^s\fab\fc\fcrÝ.äE\)^s\fcr\fx[t§„W÷f÷f÷qþeAdf^Ý,Y[_`\fjlmlxMþMã<br />

YNÜ9Z5m|df^`YWÝîóõxzY[Yó¡<br />

\fcEYNÜ_zYWcrx`j|{fY'mljlxz_[ã u i,Y<br />

xzyxz_zYWabx¬ßi,YWcEaÞrm|_`j|Z]m|Ym|dq\fÝrx¥\)^`Y$Z]^`YWxzYWcF_J\fcrÝ^`Y[eA^sj|pfY[^s\fcF_`x>\)^`YxzYWm|YWkN_zYWÝ0eA^`dqa<br />

dfæ,â£YWkN_`j|{fYJi,Y[^sY-jlx¾_zdP^`Y[eA^sj|pfY[^s\)_zYeådqÞ,^oZr^`dkNYWx`xhxz_z^`YW\fa*x¾ßi,dqx`Y_zYWaZ7Y[^s\)_`Þ,^`YWx¾\fc]ÝkNdFdqmljlcrp$m|dq\fÝrxº\)^`Y-pqj|{fYWc<br />

u i,Y$^sY[eå^sj|pfY[^M\fc;_`x¥\)^`Ypf^`dqÞ,Z7YWÝ_zdfpfY[_`i,Y[^1jlcEæ]m|dk`x¥dfeoÝ,YWkN^`YW\fx`jlcrp{fdqml\)_`jlmlj|_›y0\fx>x`i,d©ß¬cjlc<br />

jlcŠ¢wj|pqÞr^`Y‰)\ã<br />

¢€j|pqÞ,^`Y>‰¤æTã[¢,dqÞ,^Ýrj°ï7Y[^`YWcF_(m|Y[{fYWmlxdfeTÝ]jlx`kN^`Y[_`j|ëW\)_`j|dqc#óõjõãYfãlt]‡)ö't9ùqö't,‰)ö't\fcrÝ„[öþo\)^sYJkNdqcrxsjlÝ,Y[^`YWÝ*_zdx`_`ÞrÝ,y<br />

_`i,Y'YNï7YWkN_1dfeºÝrjlxskN^`Y[_`j|ëW\)_`j|dqc#dqc%_`irY_z^M\fÝ,Y'd)ïHæ7Y[_›ßºY[YWc¢\fk[k[Þr^s\fkNy{fY[^Mx`Þrx>kNdqaZ5Þ,_`\)_`j|dqcr\fm€^`YWí9Þrj|^`YWabYWc;_`x[ã<br />

¢€jlc,Y[^PÝrjlx`kN^sY[_`j|ëW\)_`j|dqcrx[t§\fx¥YNÜZ7YWkN_zYWÝUtTæ9yZ]^`d©{jlÝrjlc,pªadf^sYkMi,dqjlkNYWx1eAdf^1jlc;_zY[^MaYWÝrjl\)_zYm|Y[{fYWmlxP^`YWx`Þrm|_>jlc0jla'è<br />

Zr^`d{fYWÝRdfæ,âšYWkN_`j|{fYPeAÞrc]kN_`j|dqcR{¤\fmlÞ,YWxWãX¤dߺY[{fY[^©tr_`irjlxjlaZ]^`d©{fYWabYWc;_2kNdqaYWx\)__`i,Y¥YNÜZ7YWcrxzYJdfe§\'x`j|pqcrj°ê‚k[\fc;_<br />

^sYWíFÞrj|^sYWaYWcF_`x1óõxzY[Y u \)æ]m|Yb„©þMã<br />

jlcrkN^`YW\fxzY$jlcª_`i,Yg2vº~<br />

„W‡qø ÷f÷f†,°f‰f‡ ˆãŸ÷f‰ „W‡9㟉fü<br />

ùqö<br />

üf†¤ù ÷f‡¤ùr„W‡qø „)ãˆfˆ ø)÷f†9ãŸ÷„<br />

‰)ö<br />

ø9„Nù ÷f‡f‰¤ùfù;‡ °9㢄W‰ „[ˆ©¨<br />

„[ö<br />

i,Y^`Y[eA^sj|pfY[^s\)_`j|dqc0xzyxz_zYWa²_zdfZ7dqm|dfpqj|YWx¥eådf^>\fmlmweådqÞr^JÝrjlxskN^`Y[_`j|ëW\)_`j|dqc¢x`kMi,YWaYWxJjlc;{fdqm|{fY”°bxz_`\)pfYWx>\fc]Ý^`Y[eA^sj|p)è<br />

u<br />

Y[^s\fcF_`x$Y[_`iFym|YWc,Yft¾Zr^`dfZ9y9m|YWcrY*\fcrÝHksirm|df^Mjlc,Y*dfZ7Y[^s\)_`jlcrpßj|_`iîdqcrm|y0Zr^`YWxs\)_`Þ,^s\)_zdf^sxRóõxzY[Y¢wj|pqÞr^`YR‰)k*eAdf^$_`i,Y<br />

xzdqmlÞ,_`j|dqc5þMãoñ¬df_zY¥_`ir\)_2Y[{fYWc_`i,dqÞ,pqi_zYWc^`Y[eå^Mj|pfY[^s\fc;_`xk[\fcZ7df_zYWcF_`jl\fmlm|y*Z]\)^s_`jlk[j|Z]\)_zY>jlc*_`irYJxzyxz_zYWatF_`i,Y<br />

„[ö<br />

u i,Y$_zdfZ‚dqm|dfpfydfe¾_`i,Y$^sY[eå^sj|pfY[^M\)_`j|dqcEx`y9xz_zYWa eAdf^¬_`i,Y<br />

dfZr_`jlab\fm§xzdqmlÞ,_`j|dqc%jlcF{fdqm|{fYWx¥dqcrm|yª_`i,^`Y[Y$^`Y[eå^Mj|pfY[^s\fc;_`xWã<br />

k[\fxzY¬jlxokNdqcrx`jlÝrY[^s\)æ]m|yÝrj°ï‚Y[^sYWc;_h_`i]\fc_`ir\)_hdfe‚_`i,Y-ùqöák[\fxzYfã¾é£ckNdqc;_z^M\fxz_[tF_`irY_zdfZ‚dqm|dfpfy'eAdf^h_`i,Yùqö k[\fxzY<br />

‡)ö<br />

k[\fxzY¥ßj|_`idqcrm|yba*jlc,df^ºÝ]j°ï‚Y[^`YWc]kNYWxjlcb_`i,Y¥m|dk[\)_`j|dqcªdfeT_`i,Y¥jlc;_zY[^MaYWÝrjl\)_zY<br />

jlx2jlÝ,YWc;_`jlk[\fm7߬j|_`ib_`ir\)_2dfeT_`irY¥‰)ö<br />

u irjlxP\fcrÝ0df_`i,Y[^YNÜ\fabZ]m|YWxbó¡ h\fjlÝ,yq\)^M\fab\fcH\fcrÝ#äE\)^s\fcr\fx[t2„W÷f÷f÷qþPir\W{fY^`Y[{fYW\fm|YWÝî_`ir\)_$kNdqabZ]m|YNÜ‚t<br />

m|Y[{fYWmlx[ã<br />

c,dqcèjlcF_`Þrj|_`j|{fYPdfZ]_`jlab\fm7_zdfZ7dqm|dfpqj|YWx¥kNdqÞrmlݪæ7Y>pfYWc,Y[^s\)_zYWÝæFy_`i,Y1Zr^sdfZ‚dqx`YWݪaY[_`i,dÝ,dqm|dfpfyæ‚Y[_z_zY[^_`ir\fc._`i,Y<br />

dqc,YWx-dfæ]_`\fjlc,YWÝ.\)eA_zY[^¬i,YWÞ,^Mjlxz_`jlkCè±æ]\fxzYWÝ^`Y[eå^Mj|pfY[^s\fc;_¬xzYWm|YWkN_`j|dqcHó±gi,YWc,p\fcrÝ.äE\fiUt»„W÷f‡)ˆ;þMã<br />

u i,Y-dfZ]_`jlabj|ëW\)_`j|dqceådf^MaÞ]ml\)_`j|dqcbdfær_`\fjlcrYWÝbß2\fx2\Pc,dqcrkNdqcF{fYNÜ*äéšñJû»vwã<br />

eå^Mj|pfY[^s\fc;_2xzYWm|YWkN_`j|dqcRß2\fxoZ]^`dfZ7dqxzYWÝUã<br />

ô2\fxzYWÝ'dqc'\¥{)\)^sjl\)æ]m|YZr^`d)â£YWkN_`j|dqc'_zYWkMircrjlí9Þ,Y-\fmlm,c,dqcrmljlc,YW\)^¾_zY[^Mabx€ß(Y[^`Yjlxzdqml\)_zYWÝßj|_`i]jlc'\>x`jlc,pqm|Y-kNdqcrxz_z^M\fjlc;_<br />

u irY[df^`Y[_`jlk[\fm¾\fcrÝ%adÝ,YWmljlc,pjlaZr^`d{fYWaYWcF_`xJߺY[^`Y'\fmlxzdRZr^sdfZ‚dqx`YWÝE\fjlabYWÝ%\)_¥jlabZr^`d{9jlc,p*_z^s\fkN_`\)æ]jlmlj|_›yfã<br />

xzY[_[ã<br />

i,Y\)Z]Zr^`dq\fksi¼ß2\fxjlmlmlÞ]xz_z^s\)_zYWݼßj|_`i dqcrYYNÜ,\faZ]m|Y.Z]^`dfæ]m|YWa jlcF{fdqm|{jlc,pHx`YWm|YWkN_`j|dqc dfe>^`Y[eå^Mj|pfY[^s\fc;_`x\fcrÝ<br />

u<br />

^`Y[eA^sj|pfY[^s\)_`j|dqcx`y9xz_zYWa xzyc;_`i,YWxsjlx_zdbaY[Y[_-aÞrm|_`j|Z5m|Y1kNdFdqmljlc,p*m|dq\fÝrx\)_Ý]j°ï‚Y[^`YWcF__zYWaZ7Y[^s\)_`Þr^`YWx[ãºg2Þ,^s^`YWc;_`m|yft<br />

°


Zr^`YWÝrjlkN_`j|dqcTã<br />

ÈTÉ$ÎÌ Ù ÖhÏ'Ê3W!ÖoÎJ×7Ú<br />

<br />

},ir\)^`YWݪ~Jcrj|{fY[^sx`j|_›y.Û-YWxzYW\)^skMivo^`dfpf^s\fa!„W÷f÷f†9t€„W÷f÷qø'\fcrÝ#„W÷f÷f‡jlxpf^s\)_zY[eõÞrmlm|yª\fk`c,dßm|YWÝ,pfYWÝUã<br />

_`i,Y1é£ô2ä<br />

ÖWÖhËUÖºÎȾÖhÚ <br />

g2i,YWcrp,t&µÔãôJãr\fcrÝRä\fiUt,ÛPã«}‚ã;¤PãltU„W÷f‡)ˆt¾é£c;_zY[^M\fkN_`j|{fY}9yc;_`i,YWxsjlxºdfe€g2\fx`k[\fÝ,Y>Û-Y[eA^sj|pfY[^s\)_`j|dqcE}9y9x`_zYWabx[ã!<br />

£hDe©i¦Sb#bŒ¦Sb ^ k,`©`Pn$Œ¦ _ ¦dmegPuy¦S`F¨%©&ft]ùr„[ˆã<br />

"#<br />

u i,Y[^Mab\fmqé£cF_zY[pf^s\)_`j|dqcdfe]vh^sd9kNYWx`x`YWx§ß¬j|_`i§¤¬YW\)_¾noc,pqjlcrYWxw\fc]݇¤¬YW\)_¾voÞrabZ]x[ãC/D©p©<br />

}9ß2\fc,Y[yftqÛ1ãnãlt,„W÷f‡f÷9t<br />

2xew~h`P,4.,)tw„[ˆfˆqü9ã<br />

Temp<br />

310<br />

290<br />

260<br />

230<br />

200<br />

170<br />

No.<br />

1<br />

2<br />

3<br />

4<br />

253<br />

Ethylene<br />

Cooling<br />

Load (kW)<br />

100<br />

300<br />

150<br />

200<br />

273<br />

Ethane<br />

268<br />

HFC-23<br />

(a)<br />

Propylene<br />

226<br />

Propane<br />

232 234<br />

Block 4<br />

192<br />

187 Block 3<br />

171 Block 2<br />

Block 1<br />

Temperature(K)<br />

175<br />

200<br />

230<br />

245<br />

310 310 310 310 310 310 310<br />

HCFC-22<br />

Ammonia<br />

242 242<br />

Block 5<br />

Chlorine<br />

Isobutane<br />

264<br />

274<br />

Block 6<br />

Butane<br />

Chlorine<br />

Propylene<br />

(230K)<br />

HX1 - Cooling Load 1<br />

HX2 - Cooling Load 2<br />

HX3 - Cooling Load 3<br />

HX4 - Cooling Load 4<br />

3<br />

Ethylene<br />

Condenser<br />

4<br />

(245K)<br />

2<br />

(200K)<br />

1<br />

(310K)<br />

(264K)<br />

(268K)<br />

(241K)<br />

(226K)<br />

(230K)<br />

(196K)<br />

(171K)<br />

(175K)<br />

(b)<br />

(c)<br />

¢€j|pqÞ,^`Y‰x\og(d9dqmljlc,p1m|dq\fÝrxh\fcrÝ^sY[eå^sj|pfY[^M\)_`j|dqc_zYWaZ7Y[^s\)_`Þr^`YWx[tf^`Y[eA^sj|pfY[^s\fcF_¾dfZ7Y[^s\)_`jlc,p>^s\fc,pfYWxWt;\fcrÝa*jlcrjlaÞra<br />

kNdqxz_^sY[eå^sj|pfY[^M\)_`j|dqcxz_z^sÞ]kN_`Þ,^`Y>eAdf^P„[öÿÝrjlx`kN^sY[_`j|ëW\)_`j|dqc<br />

ߺY1\)^sY>YNÜ9Z]m|df^Mjlc,pÝ,YWkNdqaZ7dqx`j|_`j|dqc\)ZrZr^`dq\fkMi,YWxeAdf^-xzdqm|{9jlcrpZr^`dfæ]m|YWa*xo߬j|_`iª{fY[^`y*ê5c,Y>Ýrjlx`kN^`Y[_`j|ëW\)_`j|dqc]x\fcrÝ<br />

kNdqc;_z^Mj|æ]Þ,_`j|dqcÁæ5\fxzYWݧZr^`dfZ7Y[^`_›y<br />

adÝ,YWmljlc,p0YNÜ_zYWcrx`j|dqcrxb_zd#\fk[kNdqÞrcF_*eAdf^^`Y[eA^sj|pfY[^s\fcF_ba*j°Ü9_`Þ,^sYWx\fcrݧpf^`dqÞrZ<br />

¢€jlcr\fcrk[jl\fm(x`Þ,ZrZ7df^`_¥æ9yE_`irYbñ¥}r¢<br />

g2\)^`Y[Y[^ƒß2\)^sÝHg u }Fè›÷qø¤ˆ,„©øfø9„\fcrÝ¢kNdqaZ5Þ,_`jlc,pir\)^MÝ,ß(\)^sYx`Þ,ZrZ7df^`_>æ9y<br />

ô2\)^sc,YWx[t>¢(ã$¤rã]\fcrݪö1jlc,p,t5g¥ã$¤,ãltT„W÷qøù,t2}y9cF_`i,YWx`jlx2dfeog2\fx`k[\fÝrY1Û-Y[eA^sj|pfY[^s\)_`j|dqc\fc]Ý.û»jlí9Þ,Y[eõ\fkN_`j|dqcE}9yxz_zYWabxWã<br />

qh'e©i¦bbŒ¦b ^ k,`©`PnŒ¦ _ ¦SegPuy¦d`F¨ ftrù;‰„)ã<br />

<br />

u ãÛ1ã9\fcrÝ}9YWjlÝrY[^Wt&µÔãXãltU„W÷f‡f÷9t€}9yc;_`irYWx`jlxodfe§g\fx`k[\fÝ,Y¥Û-Y[eA^sj|pfY[^s\)_`j|dqc.}9yxz_zYWabx¾é£cF_zY[pf^s\)_zYWÝ<br />

g(dqmlabYWcr\)^`YWx[t<br />

^ i#(£`&k ^ `z¦¦Sh ^ `xk) ft‚‰¤ùFøFã<br />

ßj|_`igi,YWabjlk[\fmUvo^`d9kNYWxsxzYWx[ã1euvgPwr¨@¦ShbŒ,`Pn'p~¦Su<br />

X¥Þ,{fYWÝrjõtƒ$ãvwã\fcrݼƒJksirYWcrj|Yft¬ûoãn-ãö'ãltP„W÷f÷f†9t…XJYWx`j|pqcrjlc,p§nocF{j|^`dqcraYWcF_`\fmlm|y¼}\)eAYEÛY[eå^Mj|pfY[^s\fc;_`xª~Jx`jlc,p<br />

^ iq`&k ^ `z¦#¦dh ^ `&k+*zi ^ ¦d`Pi¦-,.¤t7üqø)‰qøFã<br />

äE\)_`i,YWab\)_`jlk[\fm§vh^`dfpf^s\fa*abjlc,p,ã"p~¦du<br />

ý¥\fcrjõt5Û1ãlt]ñJj|YWmlxzYWcUt‚ô¬ã5\fcrݯ¢,^`YWÝrYWcrx`mlÞrcrÝTtrƒPãlt»„W÷f÷„)t2ƒÿýJ^`dqÞ,Z%g(dqc;_z^Mj|æ]Þ,_`j|dqc.ƒ¬ZrZr^`dq\fkMi._zdg2dqaZ]Þ,_zY[^`è<br />

32&ew~h`P465[t§„Wü„W‡9ã<br />

ƒJjlÝ,YWÝ.ädqm|YWk[Þrml\)^JXJYWx`j|pqcTã0/1©p<br />

}9_zY[Z]i]\fc,dfZ7dqÞrm|dqx[týãlt1„W÷f‡f÷9t XJYWx`j|pqcrjlc,pädqm|YWk[Þ]m|YWxvwdqx`x`YWx`jlc,pX¬YWxsj|^`YWݼvºi;yx`jlk[\fm<br />

¤fdfæ5\fk`‚t-ö'ã«ýãº\fc]Ý<br />

h\fmlÞ,YWx[ã07%8"9/1 :82t5üf†fü9ã<br />

vh^sdfZ‚Y[^s_y”<br />

}i,YWm|_zdqcTt;ä#ãÛPãq\fcrÝbýJ^`dqxsx`ab\fcrcTt¤éCãn-ãlt5„W÷f‡f†9t®¥Zr_`jlab\fmr}9yc;_`irYWx`jlx€dfe5é£cF_zY[pf^s\)_zYWÝbÛY[eå^sj|pfY[^M\)_`j|dqc}9yxz_zYWabxzè<br />

^ iq`&k ^ `z¦#¦dh ^ `&k@BA¤t]ùfù5°9ã<br />

éCã1euvgPwr¨@¦Shb§`Pn?p~¦du<br />

d©ßcrx`YWcrÝUtrµÔãX$ã‚\fcrÝ.û§jlcrcri,d)ï€trôJãlt§„W÷f‡fü9t£¤YW\)_J\fcrÝ.vwd©ß(Y[^Jñ¬Y[_ß(df^`x¬jlcvh^`dkNYWx`xXJYWx`j|pqcé\5g(^sj|_zY[^sjl\<br />

u<br />

¤¬YW\)_¬nocrpqjlc,YWx-\fcrݯ¤¬YW\)_¬vºÞraZ5x(jlcvh^`dkNYWx`x-ñ¬Y[_ß(df^`x[ã/D©p©E2&e,wxh`PGF.&ft‚øù;‡9ã<br />

eAdf^voml\fkNYWabYWc;_-dfe<br />

h\fjlÝ,yq\)^s\fa*\fcUt‚}‚ãr\fc]Ý.ä\)^M\fcr\fx[t‚gJãXãlt»„W÷f÷f÷9t9®JZr_`jla*\fmT}9y9cF_`i,YWx`jlx-dfe€ÛY[eå^Mj|pfY[^s\)_`j|dqc%g2y9k[m|YWx¬\fcrÝ}9YWm|YWkCè<br />

^ `H/D©p©E2& ã<br />

_`j|dqcªdfe¾Û-Y[eA^sj|pfY[^s\fcF_`x[ã¾Oi#i¦7gz¨@¦#n<br />

Hooray! Your file is uploaded and ready to be published.

Saved successfully!

Ooh no, something went wrong!