PaMca ropoxosa ApHOCTO B POCCHH ... - Europa Orientalis

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EUROPA ORIENTAL1S 12 (1993): 1
APHOCTO H ElYWKIIFI
PaMca ropoxosa
HeMH01-14X pa6oT, 170CB51111eHHbIX BOCIlpH51T1410
ApHOCTO B POCCHH, 3ameTHoe mecTo 3aHHMaeT cTaTbsi
icpynHeilmero FITallbAHCKOr0 pycMcTa 3TTope no Farm
"L'Ariosto nella letteratura russa" ("Nuove lettere emiliane" 1965 n. 9-
11: 5-12). B npeg.naraemo2 3gecb 3ameTKe 51 nbrramcb AHIllb go-
1-10)111 FiTb H HeCKOJIbK0 yr.rty6HTb macTlibuI Bonpoc 3TOR Te?"' —
O C1331341 TBoptiecTBa rlyunatHa C no3moií "HeFICTOBblà POJIaHJa". 1
B Hamane XIX Ben. B C1331314 C pa31:414THeM p0MaHTH3Ma B eBponeficimx
JunepaTypax H o*HB.neHmem Hwrepeca K phluapcicomy
cpegHeBexoBbio no3ma ApHocTo npHB.neica..na Bce 6ambniee BHH -
mamie AwrepaTopos H Juoare.nek cnoBecHocnt. 14 ecArt Ansi
KlIaCCHUHCTOB POCCHH (KaK 14 Bcetl EBponbl) o6pa3uom Haumo-
HaAbH0k no3mb1 6buta npe*„qe Bcero 3nonesi TopKBaTo Tacco
"OcBo6o)KgeHHbul HepycaAHM", (Ha KoTopyto H duna. opHeHTHpo-
BaHa B OCHOBHOM "PoccHfiga" M. M. XepacKoBa), TO Tenepb OT
pycciarx nHcaTeneh oAcktga.ut yNce no3my gpyroro THna — pomaHTHliecKylo.
pycciGtx HaH60rree ApKHM O6pa3uoM TaKoti
no3mbi dbIJI "HeliCTOBbIPIPartaHg". H TaKylo no3my o)lcMnaJIM OT B.
A. .)KyKOBCKOFO; HeLITO nogo6Hoe XOTeJI nHcaTb H K. li. Bano-
IIIKOB, HO OT cBoero 3ambic.na OTKa3aJIC31, oco6eHHo, )(orma YCJIb1-
BriepBbie OTpbIBKH H3 "PycnaHa 14 IllogmHAbt", ripoturraHHble 111aJI
nyIIIKFIHbIM Ha Betiepe y ›KYKOBCKOFO. BaTIOIIIKOB 6But nopa.)KeH
HeO*14AaHHOCTb10 H HOBOCTbIO BriettaTneHmsi 14 ymce nepeHec CBOI4
Hage*gbi Ha ICHOF0 no3Ta. BaTIOLLIKOB IlOCT051HHO Hwrepecoaancsi
pa6oTok flyunoma Hag TIO3M011; 14 He c.nyma.(Tho yAce 143 Heanansa
1 3 -roro Borrpoca mue rKe nOBeflOCb xpa -rko xacamcsi B npenbulytmix pa6o-
Tax o cyrib6e mopi-lecTsa ApHocTo B POCCHH.

236 PaHca ropoxoaa
B nacbme K A. H. TypreHeBy OH npsimo 3aK.71HHaJI: "flpocHTe
flynnatHa HmeHem ApHocTa BbICJ1aTb mHe CBOIO 1103My, 14Cr10/1HeH -
nyfo KpacoT H Hage»Wy". 2
O*14/JaH1451 coBpemeHHHKoH 1lyIIIKI4Ha H Hage*gbi Ha Hero
onpaima.mcb — POCC1451 nonyLuma CBOIO HaLtHoHanbnylo BOJImedno-doraThipcxylo
no3My, a "PycnaHa" no ero Bb1X0Ae B cHeT
cpa3y CTa.T114 cpaHHHBaTb C "HeMCTOBbIM Ponamom". BOI11311114H-
CTBO KP14THKOB 6e3 Ko.nedaHttil Ha3BaJI nO3MY ApHocTo KaK
rJ1aBHbI171 o6pa3e11, KoTopomy "nogpa*a.it" 11yuIKHH ("Cbm OTe-
LiecTila" 1820, M. 64 N! 37). flopoil npm 3TOM noggepimaaAocb co-
LieTankte Hal1140HalIblibIX MOTHBOB C Tpe6oBaHHAmm o6igenpw-
H51TbIX KaHOHOB eiiporiefAcKoh pbmapcKog 1103MbI: "IlpoHcifiecT-
Hae, 3gecb BocneBaeMoe, noLiepnHyTo H3 CTapHHHI3IX pyCCKHX
cKa3oK" H "Hall' moAo1 o2 no3T < ...> npegnomen 14TT14 110 c.negam
ApMocTa H BwriaHga" ("CbIH OTeLiecTHa" 1820, 34). fio noHogy
"LiygecHoro" y 1iyIuKMHa, Larraem B TO171 cTaTbe: "OH, no,g06Ho
ApHocTy, BH.na.Hgy H OTLIaCTH Taccy, Eibidpan camoe npHAHLnioe
qygecHoe ,unsi cero pota flo3M — go6pbtx 14 3/161X Hoinue6HHKos
14 Hannie6m,n1". ABTop "3ameLtaHHR Ha flo3my Pyc.naH H
Taime oTmenan, MTO flyiuKHH "*ena_ii HTT14 no cnegam
ApHocra". 0/2(HaK0 OH C SIBHb1M Heogo6pemem go6aHmui, MTO
"no3T COTBOPHJ1 cam" HeKoTopme 06pa3b1 B nogpa)KaHHe 143YCT-
Hb1M npegaHHHm 14 "npegcTaimn HeLlliTaHHbie 14 Hecnbixamibie
qygeca" ("HeBcKHk 3pwre.rib" 1820, 7).
liecmoTp.sa Ha TO, MTO pyccime AHTepaTopm go.nro He MOrnH
npHRTH K egimomy MHeHH10, MTÒ CLII4TaTb p0MaH1143MOM B J1HTeparypax
Hamana XIX Bela, (KaK H3BeCTHO, ampi.' no 3TOMY BO -
npocy npogo.r)KaroTcH 14 noHbIHe), "HeliCTOBbla POJIaH,/1" 60.1112 -
flyrinGmbim, 6bui npH3Hati
11111HCTBOM 143 1114X, B TOM LIHCJIe 14
o6pa3Hom "pomamiliecKoir 14)114 "pomaHTHLiecKok" 1103Mb1. 3 B14-
2 I1Hcamo ic A. 14. TypreHeay or 24 mapra 1819 r. B xH.: K. H. Barroucos, CO -
tIHHefiliR, H3,BaHbI n. H. BaTiOTICOBbIM HOJI pejj. R. H. Man XOBB, T. 3, C116. 1886, C.
550.
3 lliodorthrrHo, tiro C. Il. Weampea a amen Amccepraum "TeopHs 1103311H a
Hcroppitiecxom pamiwrmi y Apearnix H HOBbIX Hapopos" (Mocxaa 1836), npa-
BHJIbHO ormerma HaLiano cnopa APeBHHX H HOBbIX B XVI aexe B CB5I311 c n03-
mamH ApHocro H Tacco, H ausan ero cnopom "O xnaccHtzkume H pomaHrH3me"
OTHeC ApHocro K "pomaHrHxam"(c. 132).

ApHOCTO H nyllIKHH 237
/114M0, B OTHOWeH1414 ApHOCTO BCé oKa3a.noch npowe, OTtlaCTH H B
pe3y.ribTaTe pamo3Hatnioro ynoTpe6.fleHHH 3THX TepMHHOB B TO
Bpemsi — Beffi, no3ma ero lieCOMHeHHO 6bma "pomannxiecKott" no
TepMHHOJIOFHH I-1. D. OCTOTIOJI0Ba H O. M. ComoBa, narepaTyp-
HbIX TeopeTHKoB TOFI nopht. IlyuncmcKylo no3my Toxce TIOL1TH
egHHogyumo Ha3BaJIH "pomawra4iecKoh". 4 Y)Ke B 1821 r. BcTpemaem
yBepernipo oneHKy-cpopmy.mpoaKy 1-103MbI nyIIIKHHa: "PomaymmecKaH
no3ma F. ITywKHHa. Hanacana B pone Pallanaa
ApHocTo H Basipga (TaK - P. 1-.), 06epoma BH.nanga, Pmciapfiera
CDOpTHI-Bepb1 H, mo*eT 6bITb, OgneaHucoR peimil BanbTepa". 1N as-
Top go6aBilsieT, He ge.naH CKHJKH Ha M0.110/10CTb no3Ta:"/11aneKo
cmxoTaopen Haw oTcTair OT ApHOCTa, ef/14HCTBeHHOr0 ApHocTa,
KoTopomy, Bnpomem, HHorga. nogpa*a.rt OH 1IOBOJIbH0 ycne-
[UHO". 5
r103/Iliee B 50.11414He IlywKHH rnicait B Ha6pocKax "OnpoBep-
)KeHHe Ha Kpl4THK14": "PyCJIaHa H .11104MHAy Boo6we IlpHH51/114 6.71a-
FOCKJIOHHO. KpoMe 0,4H0F1 CTaTbH B "B EBp", B
KOTOpOh ee no6paHHAH Bechma HeOCHOBaTeAbH0, H Becbma
genbHbtx BonpocoB, H306.7wR1a1oupix c.nadocTb CO31aH1451 1703MbI,
Ka.)KeTcH, He 6131.110 06 Hef:f cKa3aHo Xy,I1Or0 CJI0Ba. HHKTO He 3a-
MeTFIJI ga*e, xo.flogHa. 06814H3111H ee B 6e3HpaBCTBeHHO-
CTH 3a HeKoTopme cera cnagocTpacTimie onHcaHHH ECTb
nH B PyCJIaHe XOTb OAHO mecTo, Koropoe B BOJIbHOCTH myroK
mor.no 6bITb cpaBneHo C 11.1aJlOCTAM14, XOTb Hanpmmep ApHocTa,
KOTOPOM 130M14HyTHO TBepnHJ1H mHe? pa 14 BbinyweHHoe MH010
mecTo 6m.n0 otteHb, ozgeHb cmstrgeHHoe nogpa*ankte ApHocTy
(Opn, canto V o VIII)". 6
4 Cam nyIIIKNH FilikorAa He Haursa.n "Pyc.naHa H Riogmluly" pomarmiuecxoti
no3motl, xoTst °ma snomie orsetia.na ero CO6CTBeHHUM oripene.netistm pomatt-
Tm3ma. Jl. Il. rpoccMaH, KaK H B. r. Be.nptcloin, yraep*AaA, 4To no3Ma llyoncm-
Ha pomainimecxasr, HO OTHIOnb He pomaHrpmecxaA (CM. ero craTbio "Crii.nb
)KaFtp no3mbr PyClIaH H .71104MHJIa" B "YLIBHMX 3.311HCKBX MOCKOBCK0r0 ropon-
ckoro ne,garorrimeckoro wf-tcTraTyTa", T. 48, Ka(penpa pycckoti .nwreparyphi,
Bbinyck 5, 1955, C. 144).
5 [B. 0.1114111, MOH MbICAH o pomalminecKon no3me r. nymm4Ha Pyc.fiaH H
Proamm.na, "PegeFneHT" 1821, M 5.
6 A. C. flynnoirt, floirHoe colIpawie COLIKHCHifti, T. XI, H3A. AKBABMH51 Hayx,
1949, c. 144-145. Ynommiaembiti IlyuncliHum 3rn3oil co,gepwiTcsi B nectui V.
OKTaBbf 48- 50.

238
PaiiCa ropoXema
Onpeme.neHHoe BAHHHHe ApHocTo, npH3HaHHoe cammm Ilylu-
KHHbIM, He no,a.ne*HT COMEe111410, 0,cmaKo ,noBanbHo pampa*eH-
Hoe ero 3ameuaHHe "O KOTOpOM TBepiutnH MHe" CBI4ReTeAbCT -
ayeT, LITO OH CLIIITaJ1 CBOIO 3aBlICHMOCTb OT ApHocTo AaneKo He
CTOJIb deayenoaHoil. IlpaBH.nbHee Bcera r Bepayano, xapaKTep OT-
HOIlleH1431"Pyc.naHa"K "PanaH,ciy" MO)KHO onpe,rxem4Tb KaK copeB-
HoBame mano/ loro IlyiuKHHa C rIpOCJIaBAeHHb1M 14TalIbAHCKHM
1103TOM B *aHpe, 13 KOTOpOM eMy ,CIaBHO H 6e3pa3jte.nbHo npm-
Haxne*a.na nailbMa nepBeHcTBa. CornacHo npeAcTaB.neHH.sm
Toro BpemeHH, COpeBHOBaTbCSI B *aHpax, OCB51111eHHbIX BeKaMH,
MO)KHO 6b1.110 TOAbKO ripmutmaH 3a.jiaHHEde HM14 yCJI0B1131. nyIlIKHH
*e, HC110.71630BaB cxemy phniapcKok no3mbi, Hanoingut ee 06pa-
3amm pyccKmx Hapoinmix nperiamuI 14 KOJI0p14TOM Apeeneti cKa-
3ouHoh Pycpt, KaK OH MX Tor,zia nomma.n. 1103T Hcnpo6oBa.n CBOH
CHJIbl B 3TOM *aHpe, co3,aan pyccKyx) cKa3omHo-6oranapcxylo
no3my B Ayxe ApHocTo (HmeHno B pyxe, a He B no,apaxamie
eMy) H cmorpen Ha Hee KaK Ha OCBOeHHIA1 14 npoll,cteHabill 3TaTI B
cBoem TsoptgecTBe. K nomodHomy *aHpy OH 60J1bille He BO3Bpamancsi
14 "He TIO.T1bCT14.TICA npH06peTeHHem HmeHH poccHhcKoro
ApHocTa", KaK C CO)Ka.MeHMeM nHca..n 0/2114H KI314THK Toro BpemeHH
("CbIH OTeuecTBa" 1828, u. 119, ' 12, c. 367).
3a IlywKHHhim Ha MHOTO AeT 3aKpeript.nocb HMS4 "neetua Pyc.naHa",
a no3Ma Bb13Ba.na Bo.nHy noppa*aHHH; HO B HMX ywe He
tlyBCTBOBalIOCb 06paIlleH1451 K ApHocro,"pomaHTHqecKaH" maHepa,
KaK npaBH.no, BOCI1p0143BOR14.11aCb TOJIbKO epe IlyunalHa H dbic-
Tpo BbIpOJIHJIaCb B 3TIVITOHCTBO.
ECTeCTBeHHO, 14 B noc.nenymme rombi Kpl4THK14 MaCTO o6paula.nHcb
K "Pyc.naHy 14 .Tlionmpt.ne"; opHaKo no-npe*Hemy ocTaBa-
JIMCb npoTHBopeumg 14 B Bonpoce O xapaKTepe no3mhi Fi B HeKo-
Topmx MaCTHOCTAX no noBogy ee PICTOMH14KOB. TaK B. r. Be-
.71141iCKHR B 1844 r. nHcan o no3Me: "< ...> oHa HaBeHHa dbuia Ha
rlymiuma ApHOCTOM, a pyccKoro B He R, Kpome HMeH, HMMOfO
HeT; pomaHTH3ma < ...> B HeR TO)Ke HH PICKOpK14; pomaHTH3m ga-
*e ocmesni B Heh < ...>"; OHa n.nog qyworo BA1451H1131 14 cKopee
napo,aHH Ha ApHocTo, qem nonpa*aHHe eMy.'
7 B. r. Be.nMHCKHR, ilo.mioe co6paHme coLnmeHHR, T. 7, c. 361-362, 365. Kpm-
T111( B CBOHX CTaTbSIX He0AHOI(paTKO ynommia.rt ApriocTo, BbICOKO 01.(eHHILUT
ero no3My. OH Ha3Bal1 ApHOCTO "HTB.T1bAHCKHM rOMep0M" (T. 6, c. 614) N CTBBH./1

ApHOCTO H ilyILIKKH 239
B Haule Bpemsi HaH6onee cephe3Htdma HccneAosamtamx o
no3me nyIIIKIIHa AB115410TCA pa60Tb1 M. H. Po3aHoBa 8 H 52 B. TemaweBeKoro.
8
M. H. Po3aHoa BbinenHeT B"Pycnarie H ThogmHne"nenbiti psi,a
npHemoB 14 MOTHBOB, liCTOLIHHKOM KoTopmx ctarraeT "HeHerosore
Ponama". flpe*,rie Bcero, 3T0 xapaKTepHo-apHoeroBcKHe
nepexonbl OT 01IH0171 CIO)KeTHOPI JIHHHH K Apyrogi B MOMeHT HaH-
6onbuiero Hanpsi*eHH.H ; JunpHtiecKpte OTCTWIJIeHFIA B 3aLamax
necell (B macTHocTH, 3a4HH IV necHK "PycnaHa" nepeKJIHKaeTcH c
3a414Hom VIII necHa "PonaHna") ; o611jHa yrnuBbiti -fox, nepexo,aHnou'l
B napoRmo (Ha "LiBeHainiaTb cnHamx ReB" )KyKoB-
CK0r0); 3aBA3Ka AeRCTB1451 — nexHuleHme repoHHH, a (1)0H jjefAcT-
B1151 — 6Opb6a xpncTHaH c 6acypmaHamH (y IlytuKHHa — c neme-
HeramH); 143J1106J1eHHOe yKpanieHHe CTIIJIA — pa3BepHyrwe cpaB-
HeH1451, HanpHmep, B TOh *e nyu.amcKoh 3aBA3Ke cpaBHeHHe C
Herpe6om, HaneTaloamm Ha nTHLIHR ilBop — OT ApHOCTO (II, 39).
LlepHomop CBOHMH ,riefAcTsHAmH HanommHaeT cpa3y H ATnawra 14
BpyHenH; HaHHa CBOHM KOJILIOBCTBOM 14 6e3o6pa3Hem — "no,anpumpo"
AJ1b1.114Hy; PaTmHp B neumbem 3aMKe, o*Hnaioundl Heti-
Hero CB14RaHlIA — Py,a*bepa y AnbLIHHbI. Bonme6Hasi KHHra eCTb
14 y ATIIaHTa 14 y cimmia. ; nepcTeHb BpyHenH noflo6eH 14 Bonme6-
Homy KOJI131.1y CPHHHa 14 wanKe-HeBmaHmKe n10,TIM14.11b1; j:(a*e mepT-
Basi 14 *14Basi Boa pyccmx CKa30K, 0*HBJIA10111a51 PycnaHa,
HmeeT napannenb, no mHeHnio M. H. Po3aHoBa, B Bone AIMOB-
Horo 14 6e3J11060BH0F0 IICTOLIHFIKa y BosapTle 14 ApHOCTO. IloKy-
weHHe LlepHomopa Ha ThoilmH.ny (necHb IV) noxo*e Ha npecno-
ByTbla 3r1H30,51 C OTIlleJ1bHIIKOM (O KOTOpOM ynomHHan ny1.1.1KHH),
boh c ilepHomopom — Ha noneT C rHnnorpmpom, *an06b1 tlep-
Homopa Ha *ano6b1 ATJIaHTa B IV necHH y ApHOCTO, Ca4b1 gep-
HOMOpa — Ha CaAbl AJIbLIIIHbl H)14 3aMOK ATnawra; Aa*e Henonroe
6yAcTeso PycnaHa B V necHH PO3aHOB COTIOCTaBlIEeT C 6e3ymmem
PonamEla B KyJIbMHHaLIHOHHOM 3T1H30,ge y ApHOCTO. Bonpoc
O BJIHAH1414 Ha flywKHHa 11034HeR11114X 1703TOB apHocToBcKoh
TpanwaHH — "pe3Baro raMI4JIbT0Ha", "Pwiap,r(eTTo" cDoputryappm
ero B61111C Tacco (r. 5, c. 36).
0
° M. H. PO3aHOB, 17y/lliCHH H ApHOCTO, "H3BeCTHSI AH CCCP", Otrie..neime 0611e-
CTBeHHMX Hayx, 1937, M 2-3, c. 375-412.
9 5. TomameacKHR, 17yuncnif, T. I, H3naHlie AH CCCP, M.-J1. 1956, C. 295 H CJI.

240 Paffea rOp0X0Ba
14 "06epoHa" BkmaHna (o6a 3T14 npoH3BeReHHH y)Ke cyatecTBoBankt
11 B pyccimx nepeaouax), "Ocao6o*AeHHoro Ilepyca.ratma" Tacco,
HaKoHeu, "BaxapktHribt" XepacKoBa — ocTaeTcH y M. H. Po3aHoBa
OTKpbITbIM. ABTOp cnpaBeg.rumo OTMeT14.11, TITO "BOTIp0C 06 HCTO -
11H14KaX Pyc.natia H Jbopmm.ing Tpe6yeT cneumanbHot1 moHorpa-
43141.1", 14 cam noKa orpaHmtaut CBOIO 3a/rIaLly: "113 3Toro Bonpoca
Bb1ReJ1.5110 TOJIbKO macTb ero: oTHbaternte pyCCK0f:1 1103Mbl K He-
MCTOBOMy Ponatigy"(c. 385). M. H. PO3aHOB TIllaTeAbH0 BbIAB14.11
cxoAcTBo npktemoB, ReTaAek, o6pa3oB B no3max Ilyanuma 14
ApHocTo, oftHaKo Tayoe "abwenertHe" meToAo.norktHecKH Henpa-
BomepHo 14 npemonpenenkt.no orpaHHHeHHocTb, a nopo 14 HesepHocTb
BbIBOA0B. Ilpe*Lte acero carro no cede cxoAcTao
oT,Tle.nbHmx 3.nemeHToB Boace He o6H3aTenbHo npeAnonaraeT
o6pa1teHHe TOJIbKOK ApktocTo."Oco6eHHocTa" 1-103MbI ApHocTo B
TOk 14.1114 imo( cTeneHH npknia,a.neKaT mHorktm no3mam TaKOrO
poia — 14 ero npegutecTBeHHHKoa 14 ero noc.negoaaTeneH; 14 He
TOJIbKO Bontne6Ho-phntapcKkim no3mam, HO 14 n03mam TaK Ha3b1-
Baembim "Hpokt-KomktmecKktm" — 14 3anafflioeaponecKam H pyc-
CKHM. ApHocTo cam onktpaAcH Ha ,a,urrenbliyto Tpagktumo npeA-
ILleCTBeHHHKOB, 3ak1mcTay51 oTTy,r1a. MHoroe — H apXHTeKTOHMKy
no3mbt, 14 06pa3b1, 14 onkwaHHH. B o6utem aHan1t3e no3mht Elyunoma
BbIABAeHHe 3a14MCTBOBaH14171 HeCOMHeHHO HHTepecHo H 3Hamktmo.
ApHocTo, KoHelmo, mecb npktHagne*HT nepaoe mecTo, HO
TOJIbKO yt114TbIBaA BeCb Komnnexc CX0/1HbIX 3JIeMeHTOB 143 pa3-
.71141-1HbIX n03m MO)KHO (14 TO He aceríta) onpei:tenktrb KOHKpeTHbI171
IICTOLIHHK 14)114 3a14MCTBOBaH14.2 14J114 OTTaJIKI4BaH14.A. Oco6eHHo 3T0
OTHOCHTCA K 01-114CaHHAM 6aTalIbHbIX cueH 14)114 BOAIlle6HbIX ca-
AoH. B "PycnaHe 14 Illonmktne", Hanpktmep, caRbt IlepHomopa 14,
oco6eHHo, Lteabt, acTpenatattkte PaTmktpa, ktmetoT mHoro cxo;Thoro
c cutamkt ApmkLabt N co6.72.3HHTe.m3Hkulamkt Ha nyTH piguapeH,
Hulyuptx PHHaftbRo B "Ocao6o*LteHHom Ilepycanktme" Tacco.
B. B. TomaweacKktkl 060CHOBaHHO yKa3a.n Ha HeROCTaTK14 cTa-
Tbli M. H. PO3aHOBa. OH OTMeTHA 14 r.riaatioe B KpHT14Ke Bcex
npeRwecTBeHHHKoa — OT coapemeHHHKoa IllyinKkma AO M. H.
Po3aHoBa: "< ...> Kpl4THK14 60AbIlle CBA3b1BaJ114 1-103My Fly111K14Ha C
npouumm, Hem 3anaBankt Bonpoc O ee HOBH3He. FIcKankt reHea-
J10rH10 no3mbi" (c. 357). OHH He orgaBaftki cede oTHeTa B TOM, 11:TO
HeROyMeH1451 14 pa3HoritacktH COBpeMeHHHKOB 6131.1114 Bbl3BaHb1 TeM,
LITO "Pyc.naHa 14 TIFORMHAy" BOCTIp1IHAJII4 "KaK HenTo HOBOe
H14 C ttem He cpaBHMMOe" (c. 357), IITO "cxema phatapcKoh 1103Mbl

ApFIOCTO H 17ylukmti 241
6buta B ero pyxax Cpe or4CTBOM" (c. 358). 5. B. TomaweeckFth
Aeitae -r afaleHT Ha BbIABJIBH1414 paaJmnFmR me*Lty no3mama Flynt-
K14Ha 14 ApHOCTO, LlepT HOB143Hbl B "Pycnane 14 .ThopmFute" H pe-
ILIFITe.71bH0 3akinotaae -r: "Pywiam M .17104M11.11a dbuta no3moR, o6pauteHnoR
He K npollutomy, a K 6yRyatemy"(c. 362-364).
B 1826 r. nyWKHH nepeeen OTpb1BOK 143 neHTpa.nbHoro 311H -
3ona noambi Apmoc -ro — ymonompatteHme Po.naHza: onmcaHme
narpnceHHoro pbtnapn, Korma OH y3HaeT O JI/06BH AH*e.1114KH K
MeTtopy — OKTaBbl 100-112 143 lleCHH XXIII, koTophie y llynnania
HaumHato -rcn CTHXaM14:
ripeist phit.tapem 6.neCTilT BoLiamm
Pymeri npoapatimee
3aKari4maaio -rcsi c -rpocpoik:
rOTOB OH B ropeorm 6e3nnacmo2
JINWNTbCA LlyBCTB, OCTaBHTb CBeT.
Ax, eepb -re mne, LITO myhoi HeT,
110406HOH Myke ceA y*acmori.
Ha rpy/2b onepwmcb 6opoilok,
CKJIOHHB meno, y6NTbl11 , 6.ne,umb11I,
HaHTH He mo)KeT phiLtapb 6ej1mbiA
NH BOr1.1151, HH C.fle3121 OjaHOH.
Ily1.11KHHIWTbl cmx nop He /lui AocTaTozmoh 01.1eHKH
3T0r0 nepeeoila. BeIDORTHO Ily1.11KHH ctinTan ero He3aK011 1-1BHHb1M
(OH He 6b1.71 orty6JimxottaH npFt *143H14 nO3Ta). Ho c xy,eo*ecTeeH-
HOR CT0p0Hbl nepeeo,a 1-1p014330,PIT enetgaTitenme 3aeepweHHo-
CTI4. Eílje 11. B. AHHBFIKOB CKa3a.71, 1-1TO "1-103TH4BCKHR KOJI0p14T
ApHOCTOBOR KHCTH coxpariem enonme". 1° OCMeJIPIMCSI TOJIbKO
yKa3a -rb Ha O.LIHH orpex Ilyununia: manp Mei:top, Hanmcamumg
(Sitaro,aapciseHHhie CTaHCbl ripmo -ry ero ./1106BH c AMKeJIHKOti Ha
ceoem apa6CKOM 313bIKe, ebtpa*aercsi xax eeponeem: 3Han yre-
xm KyTIKAOHa.". AI-M.7113 nepeeoRa C TOL1K14 3perin ero 110J1HOTbl,
noxa3bleaer, 4TO FlyunGtH nepejlan 1-104T14 ece conep*aHme 143-
6paHH01-0 (Pparmerna, 3a HCKJI1OtleHlieM HeKOTOpb1X nponycxoe,
ABHO ne c.nyt-takmAx. TaK B 101-ft oteraee, fly111K1,1H onycnut
10 IÌ B. AHHeHICOB, Marepuiaing g1751 6HorpaOmf A.C.Tlytwarfia, Cf16 1855, 168.

242
Panica ropoxcma
Tanti 011HCaHHA JIOCT1eXOB pbulapia, a B 110-11 oKTaae nponycnui
(ppaay THna CeHTeHLI1414, KoTopylo LIOJI*H0 6blTb CLIeJ1 Heo6513a-
TeJlbH0g, Topmo3sumeil geacTame:
Ma non si vanti se n'ebbe frutto,
Ch'un danno or n'ha, che può scontargli il tutto."
(Bnpomem, H B npegbigymem cnytme nyIIIKIIH BO3MO)KH0 pyKo-
BOACTBOBalICA TMM )Ke coo6pawceHHAm14).
LITO KacaeTcsi cTpocpHKH nepeaoga, TO apAg JIH FlyancHH cTa-
BH.71 nepeg co oh oco6bie aagatm ; rnaaHoe — ABHO — cogepzcarime.
Bo BCAKOM cnymae 3gech He mcoKeT 61)1Tb petm o npo6e
OCBOeti HA HTalIbAHCK0171 OKTaBbl (BbICKa3b1BaJIHCb -rame npegno-
JTO)CeHHA). Ente B 1821 r. ny111 104H nannca.71 ceoe cmxoTeopenne
"KTo Bnzen KpaR, rpce pOCK0111b10 npmpogur BOCbM14CTHIIIHAMH C
pplipmoalcok 14TaAbAHCK0171 OKTaBbI, C *eHCKHMH plulimamH H CTH -
xom paBHOCJIMKIlb1M 14TajIbAHCKOMy 0,71(HHaRljaTHCAO*HHKY. OT-
Ami-me TOJIbKO B MTM pycckoro IIATHCTOMIOF0 AM6a; HO eCIIH
YLII4ThIBaTb cmhic.rionbie ymapelins3 B erktxe, TO 3,r(eCb, KaK npaem-
J10, 14X TOJIbKO TpH, KaK H B KnaccM4ecxoM 14TaAbAHCKOM 3H,Be -
KacHAna6o (xoTA 6b1naeT 14 gea). H MO)KHO CKa3aTb, LITO HTaJIbAH -
cxylo oxTaay, HaCKOJIbK0 3T0 BO3MO)KHO JITIA pyccxoro CHAJIa60 -
-0 CTHXa, rlywnni pme ocBonn. 1436pannbia *e 1:051
TOHHtleCK01
nepeaoga 143 ApHocTo mendpexcTonHbul sim6 genan aasegomo
HeBO3MO)KHOf nepegamy cogemicaHHA HTaAbAHCKOR OKTaBb1 B
pyccicom BOCbMPICTp0 1-1HHKe. 14 XOTA TpH CTp0()bl B nepeaoge ace
»ce BOCbMHCTp0 1-1HbIe, OCTaAbHble — ropaago ,culitHHee, aa PICKJ110-
mei-mem Tex, rge, KaK npaaputo, Ilyunani ge nan coxpameHHA. TeM
He menee MO*HO OTMeT14Tb, LITO npm cao6ogHok pmcpmoexe
CTpo( llyIIJKMH gaeT noc.negoaaTenbHoe mepegoaaHme my)xcimx
14 *eHCK14X pmcpm npH nepexoge OT cTpoctibi K erpo(pe. HMeHHO
Liepegoaamie pwpm, HeCKOJIbK0 cHmmalowee MOHOTOHHOCTb,
Flyanam Hcnonb3yeT noagHee B oKTaaax ",Elommca B Kanomne.
14ccnejloBaTe.rl macTo 3aAaBunich Bonpocom, nomemy
1436pa.T1 jjnA nepeBorta HMeHHO 3TOT OTpbIBOK. ,LlymaeTcsa, 131-31-
6op AeFKO 06bACHHM: newrpanbribití 3111430R 1103Mbl Bcer,tta npH-
13.71eKaJI BHHMaHlle nepeBoAmnicoB — H pycciatx 14 eaponeacxHx. B
11 flepeBok He XBaJ1HCb, LITO panbtne nonyman OT 3-roro nonb3y, ecini Te-
nepb aro *e npimecno 6eAy, xoTopasì mo*eT nepetlepimyrb Tede ace.

Ap/fOCTO If nyll/KHH 243
HeM, HecmoTp.si Ha Bel° cpaHTacmaroppivHocTb Aesnimit cymacmeimero
Po.naH4a, nckixo.norpmecKoe COCTOAHHe qe.noBeKa, ox-
BageHHoro OTIHOM 143 cambix CHJIbHbIX cTpacTeh — peBHocTbio,
HapmcoBano c r.ny6oLiaawnm nommmaHuem nclixanorput. Oco6en-
HO 3T0 OTHOCHTCA K Ha4a.ny 3171430,ria, KoTopmil H nepeBe.n
IlywKi4H. Ero HfiTepecoBa.no BHewHee npomB.neHme cTpacTeR 14 14X
143o6pa.)KeHme B JatTepaType. 0,aHa*,abi, B OTBeT Ha Hacmema 11.
A. KaTeHHHa Ha,a Pyc.naHom, KoTopmfl cpekat 6HTBbI 3ammpaeT c
170,RHATbIM metiom, nyWK14H oTBeva.n, SITO MOJ10,(1131e nmcaTemi He
ymeioT 143o6pa>KaTb cpm3HgecKile gunKeHms{ cTpacTeh. 12 Il. 14
.Bo.nbnepT BbICKa3aJIa MHeHHe, LITO Tema peBHOCTH B pomaHe
"Apan lieTpa Be.nFiKoro" aBrodmorpatnia, 14 3T0 oTpa3z.noch
Taioxe Ha Bb160pe OTpbIBKa 143 "HexcToBoro Po.nama". TaKOFi aprymeHT
mmKeT CJIy*I4Tb /2(0110JIHFITeJ1bHbIM o5bsicHeHmem o6paweHm.si
IlywKima K Ha3BaHHOM cneHe y ApHOCTO KaK BeJIHKO-
Jler1HOMy ncpixo.norktLiecKomy 3Tio,ay.
AHaJ1143 nymPtHcKoro nepeBo,aa enze pa3 noATBep*AaeT, (1TO
1703T MOJ1b30BalICH 170,ELJIMHHFIKOM. ►loc..ne go.nrax cnopoB
pyccKmx H 14TaJ1b5IHCKFIX mcc.negoBaTe.nefl BoKpyr Bonpoca O
TOM, HaCKOJIbK0 nyWK1411 B.narle.n 14TaJ11251HCKHM 513b1KOM, y)Ke He
nom.ne*HT COMHeH1410, tITO K 3TOMy BpemeHH 1703T no KpaRHeft
epexopowo 110H14MaJI fOijJIFIHHb1h TeKCT ApplocTo.
flepBoHaqa.nbHoe 311aKOMCTBO C HTal11351HCKMM 5I3bIKOM ny111 -
Bno.nHe MOF 110J1y11 14Tb eine B ReTcTae B nome °Tua, xopowo KIM
3HaBIIIero TOT513bIK 14 pacno.naraBwero 6oraTof4 6146.nmoTeKoR,
ute 6b1nz 14 14TaJIb5HCKHe KI-114F14. ECJIH IlywKHH ruica.n, 1-1TO
onyweimbifl 14M 3nm3oR B"Pyc.naHe 14 IlioRmH.ne" 5b1.71 cmArmeHHhim
noRpa*aHmem ApkocTo, TO ACHO, LITO OH TaK 14J114 HHatie LI HT&J1
ero 1103My B paHHek 10HOCTH. B J1144HOM 6146.11HOTeKe nyWKHHa
6bI.110 pura.nb.micKoe 143AaHme "HektcToBoro Po.naHAa" 1825 rolla,
KOTOpbIM 1103T BeposiTHo 14 110J1b30BaJICM W1$1 nepeBoRa, He Hy*ila.HCb
B TIOACTp0 14H14KaX; XOTA, ecTecTBeHmo, OH MOF HHTepeco-
BaTbCA 14 Apyrkimm nepeno)KeHmsimm 1436patioro cpparmeHTa, B
MX 'imene 14 npo3apaecKoR eepcptek" BainowKoBa.
O TOM, 1-1TO nyWK14H xopowo 3HaJI 14 BbICOKO 1.1eHMJI "HeptcTo-
BOF0 PanaH,cia" CB14,/jeTeJIbCTBylOT mmoroz-H4c.nermbie yHOMHHBHH.FI
12 Cf. A. Biolato Mioni, "Pdskin e l'Italia". In: Alessandro PuSkin. Nel primo
centenario della morte, a cura di E. Lo Gatto, Roma 1937.

244 PaHCa rOp0X0Ba
HmeHH ApHocTo H repoeB ero no3mbIBCOLIHHeHHAX,nHcbmax
KpHTHLIBCKHX CTBMAX. LIAA pyccKoro 1103TB. ApHOCTO CTOBA B
onHom psigy c BeAmmakmHmH micaTensimm Bcex BpemeH H .
HapopoB.