MYIIIEBHASI TOHOFPM1)1451 H ... - Europa Orientalis
MYIIIEBHASI TOHOFPM1)1451 H ... - Europa Orientalis
MYIIIEBHASI TOHOFPM1)1451 H ... - Europa Orientalis
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<strong>MYIIIEBHASI</strong> <strong>TOHOFPM1</strong>)<strong>1451</strong><br />
H HETEPBYPFCKME PAPIOHbI ROCTOEBCK0F0<br />
Huna Kay.Vilittle3U.414<br />
Il y des idées qui révent. Certaines théories, qu'on a<br />
pu croire scientifiques, soni de vastes réveries, des<br />
réveries sans limites (G. Bachelard)<br />
Ha moina» Eib16e*an cuo6ofieH / Gran KOJIOHHaRbl nonyKpyr,- /<br />
14 pacnnacTancsi xpam FocnojteHb, KaK nerimit Kpecumbiri-nayK. /<br />
14 xpama manemawe 'reso / OfiyineuneHHee c .roKpar /<br />
nwara, wro cKanoic / K 3emne, 6ecnomon(Hbiii,<br />
(Ocun Mamienbunam)<br />
HTBK, 6e3 flp0BORHIIKa npuxoymrcH HCKaTb nyril B 3'l'OM<br />
na6Hpnare, cmarbmaa HHT13 ApHagHbl - C Kny6Ka CO6-<br />
CTBeHH011 >KH3HH H crpacTH (GrecpaH Ibefir)<br />
B 1969 r. Haynasi HO3TI4Ky TypreHeBa, H HexoRisHa H3 y6esi
84 Huua Kayxquitusunit<br />
My nyTH H otieptiHsan CB010 HOByK) TsopneeKro MbICJIb OTACJIbHbIMH urrpHxamH,<br />
a 1TH BbI110.TIHeHHII 3aAymaHHoro, BO3HHKaJI0 MHO)KeCTBO opHrima.ribHbix<br />
sapnallTos H HOBbIX BbIpa3HTelIbiIbIX ripHémos C cambimll pa3Ho06pa3Hbimu<br />
moaHeamH. B gaHHOM FiceneAosaHHH H HamepeHa ripHeTymyn, K 3TOH Hpo-<br />
6neme, oTnpasnsinch OT TonorpachHH, ciurran ee noRoTRenom reorpachHH, Hp°<br />
Korropylo IO. JIoTmaH roBopHT, =no orla "ripuHamexcHT K °Mai 113 cpopm HpocTpaHeTseHHoro<br />
KoHeTpympoBaHHH mHpa B CO3HaHHH nenoseKa". 2 HO OH 0Tmenaci'<br />
Talexce, TITO reorpacpHst H, eneRoBaTe.mbHo, H TonorpacpHst Hepa3nynHo<br />
C13513aHb1 C HpoeTpaHeTrsom: "ABH>KeHHe B reorpacpwiecKom npoeTpaHcTse<br />
CTaHOBHTCH nepemeigeHHem no BepTHKalibHoil uncame penHrHo3Ho-HpaseTBeH-<br />
IibiX geHHocTeil, BepX115151 eTyneHb HaxoRHTcsi Ha He6e, a HH>KII5151 - B a1y". 3<br />
MbICJIb JIOTMaHa O nepeimmiceHHH HO pa3Hhim H3mepemum BcTpenaeTesi H y<br />
H. c1. (DeRopoBa:<br />
aKT camoRemTenbHocTH ,le.TIOF3eKa eCTL. HepTHKanbHoe ero nono5KeHHe. 4<br />
3T11 coo6pa)KexHq o6painaloT moe BHHmailHe H Ha ApesilepyeeKylo<br />
KOTOpa51 HCXORHT 143 yneHvisi OTHOB HepKBH, KoTopbie oTnpaB.risnoTcH —<br />
pa3mmumsm o JI1060M Bonpoce — OT onnonigHti: 3emHoil/He6ecHmil, HH3/BCpX,<br />
ropH3oHTailL/BepTHKamb. erleAysi 3THM ITHHITHam H ABHFaSICb HO RaHHIAM<br />
OCHM, HaM on(phisaeTen 3Ha'IeHHe HpoeTpaHcisa B HeTopHH, H 3T11 aHTHHOMHH<br />
ROKa3b1BaK)T, TITO nemoseneeKaa MbICJIb ynwrbmana H3RaBHa TaKHC H3mepe-<br />
BHHKa5I B CMbICII 3THX 0111103HLIIIVI, rIell0BeK mano-nommy e6.TIHN(aeTcs1 e<br />
HeBHAHmbim MHpOM, a rnaBHoe — TBopnecKasi aHeprlisi AsuraeTcsi C RaBHHX 'Top<br />
HO 3THM HpAmbim JIHHH5IM, OTTIpaBII5151Cb OT HJIOCKOCTH mmeapHoro ripocTpaH-<br />
CTBa K Bb1CIIIHM Op6HTaM.<br />
Mile Ka>KeTesi, TITO TaKIle MbICJIH 6JIH3KH H E. MeHHTHHCKOMy, KorRa OH<br />
yHomHHaeT Hp° BOCK.TIVII1aHHe PaCKOJIbHHKOBa:<br />
Ra H 03.31111051 H He HH3KHe HOTOJIKH H TeCHble KOMHaTbl AyIlly H yM<br />
2 110TmaH IO. M. Flpo6nema xyiio)KeCTI3eHHOr0 npoc'rpauc'I'Ba B npo3e rOroJIA //<br />
H36paHHble CTaTb1,1 B 3-x Tomax. Ta.TIJIHHH. "AilleKCaHna". 1992. T. I, c. 407.<br />
3 TaM )Ke.<br />
4 015eRopoH H. (13. "Fopn3otrratibHoe nono)KeHHe H HepTtiKanbHoe — cmepTb H<br />
)KH3Hb" // "(1314.flocochvist oftgero Aula". Il. MocKea 1913, c. 260 (reprint Lausanne,<br />
L'Age d'homme, 1985). Bbipa)Kale C13010 6.naragapHocTb Rosanna Casari, KoTopasi<br />
o6paTuria moe Brutmatute Ha 3Ty CTaTb10.<br />
5 ROCTOCBCKHil (1) . M. Co6paHHe CO 31141-leHH11 13 10-TH Tomax. MOCKBa. Xygo*ecT-<br />
BeHHasg JurrepaTypa. 1957. T. VII, c. 320 (B Rammeilwem nuTaThi 113 3T01-0 143RaHufl<br />
fkal-OTCA B TeKeTe). CM. MeneTtificitHil E. M. 3ameTKH o TB0p ,leCTBe ROCTOCBCKOFO.<br />
MocxHa, PFEY. 2(X)1
,ayitteatum monozpaffiuil o nemep6ypzeicue pafionhi ,aocmoeacKozo 85<br />
BHyTpCHINSI B3aHMOCB513b MeA(gy npocTpalicTsom 14 RyILIeBHbIMH nepesm-<br />
BaHFISMII nogTsep)KgaeTcsi H d'osami,' IloTmaHa: "npourpaHerso B xygo*ecT-<br />
BeHHOM npoinseriermli mogennpyeT paaHme C13513H KapT14Hb1 mHpa: BpeMeHHble,<br />
conHanbribie, 3TWICCKHC H T. II.". 6<br />
KOHC ,IHO, IICI1b351 3a6bIBaTb, In° npocTparicTseimbie 143mepeHlin 6b1A11<br />
6JIH3KH H ROCTOCBCKOMy, smnycKiuncy apurreKTypHoli ILIKOJILI, KOTOpHil<br />
cTpagan 14 go KaTopril OT y3KHX 11pOCTpaHCTBCIIHbIX yCJIOBHA 14 3HaJI, i1T0 11C-<br />
JI0BeKy Tpe6yeTc1 npocTop. 7<br />
B 3TOM HCCJICA0BaHHH A nbiTaiocb paccmoTpeTb CB 3131. me)Kgy npocTpaH-<br />
CTBOM H Tonorpagmen B IICpBbIX neTep6yprcKnx 11013eCTSIX ROCT0e13CKOPO, HC-<br />
X01111 143 nperrnono)Kemis, tITO Tonorpaels ABJI AeTCA ORHHM 143 CTp0HTCJIbHbIX<br />
diaKTopos, Haiiimas C "BegHbix rilega". B nept3btx paccKa3ax gominulpyeT, Ha<br />
camom gene, ropH3o1rTanb11asi IIIIOCKOCTb neTep6yprcKoil yp6aHHcTHKH. no<br />
3Toil ropH3oHTank1 Tepori ROCTOeBCKOF0 nepeasHramTcs 14 gencTsyroT, cnegys<br />
paCHOJI0>KeHHK) rOp01ICKOPI CCTH. HO lipembigaillibie CO6b1T1111 npnocTaHasnkr-<br />
BalOT BpCMA OT spemeHH 3TO gsrmeire, 11p0HCX0A4T KaK 6b1 KOp0TKOe 3aMb1-<br />
KaHHC HpH cTonKHoseHHH C sapyr 11051BHBIlIefiCSI BepTHKaJIhIO, nepeceKinoineil<br />
gomiumpyrouryio JIHHH1O, 14 3THM BLI3b1BalOTC51 KpinHclibie gyuresinae cliTyairli<br />
Y1IeJ151 51 BHHMaHHC TonorpachHH, Hago HMeTb B B1411y 14 npegmeTbi, 3aH14-<br />
marowHe onpegeneimoe MCCTO B npocTpaHcTse: yinllibi, ruminagli, MOCTbI, Roma,<br />
CTCHbI, gsopbr, iisepH 14 TaK)Ke OKHa, KoTopme 06yCII0BAHBaK)T, Meny<br />
npotwm, sarring Ha ripocTpaHerseHHyro naHopamy H yTOIIHRIOT THII TonorpacliniiecKoro<br />
pacHono)KeHns Toro ropoircKoro naHgulaclyra. 51 o6paury Hepso-<br />
HaganbHo BHI4MaHHC Ha OKHO, TaK KaK OHO BIIHACT Ha JIHLIHOe OTHOLIWHHC C<br />
npocTpaHcTsom. 3TO TCM 60JICe aKTyalIbH0 B IIIMMOJIHITCÙHal rieTep6yprcKoli<br />
yp6aHHcTHKe, KoTopas HaKnagbisaeT CBOti OTIICIIaTOK Ha gyrnesHoe COCT051-<br />
mie genoseKa H Ha BCCb neTep6yprcKHA naHninadyr. IIonynaeTcs snega-<br />
TneHme, tITO ROCTOeBCKH11, CTOA y OKHa, CMOTpHT Ha 3Ty naHopamy gepe3 pa-<br />
414.<br />
6 .TIoTmaH 10. M. Ilpoftema xygo)KecTueviHoro npocTpaHma B npo3e Foroni , c.<br />
7 3To noitTuep*Raercs4 HoeBblM KOBrieFOM, yr.namil 3a WHpMaMH, necTHunamH.<br />
KpoMe 'l'oro HeBb3A 3a6blBa'l'b, wro pyccKasi ampirpauusi cwafiana Ha 3anage OT y3KHX<br />
npoc'l'paHc'l'BeHHbIX ycsioanl, 3afibixanacb H mewrasia O pyCCKOi1 6eCKOHC4HOCTH.<br />
8 flpHurynam K xygo)KecTeeHHoil (3yHK11,14H Tonorpatim, A HCXO)Ky H3 reorpa-<br />
itiHnecKori KoHnerntun BepRACBa, KOTOpbal rouopwr O "ityweimoil reorpa(luie, KaK O<br />
)1
86 Huna Kayxnunffnuni<br />
My, MbIHI1IHSI O TOM, IITO oncpbumeTcst nepeg ero B30p0M. OH cTapaeTcn<br />
BHHKHyTb B Tainty 3TOTO ManmecKoro ropoga, C ero nepeKpécTKamH II manonomany<br />
ropog emy nogcKa3bman, Kato4mH npHémamll MO)KHO nepegaTb XOTb<br />
oTnacTH mucTepfflo 3T01.0 ropoga H TITO 3a Hen npaneTot. 9<br />
H3BeCTHO, 11TO no pyCCKOil TpagHHHH<br />
HeTep6ypr ropog-oKHo, nepe3 Ko-<br />
Topoe POCCHH cmoTpena n CMOTpHT Ha ny)Koe, Ha Espony. 1 ° Ho paMbl 3TOTO<br />
OKHa 14 nepenneT OTKpbIBalOT B3opy TOJILKO nponepentimil pa3pe3, 111160 Orpa-<br />
H14 11eHHOC npocTpaHcmo, KoTopoe no36y>KgaeT cpaHTacminecKoe H B TO )Ke<br />
Hpemn 110AJIHHHy1O nenonenHocTb. XygoncHHK g0110.TIHneT 3T0 intgeHHe cnoen<br />
KHCTbIO, KaK gOKa3b1BalOT B14)AbI nepe3 OKHO MaIiSSe'a 14 mHoronvicneHHble<br />
OKHa Illarana, KoTopme 6b1BalOT HacTe)Kb OTKpbITbIMH, 11011yOTKpb1Tb1MH HJIH<br />
3aKpb1Tb1MH. 3T0 1103B01151eT xygo)KHHKy pacummb, Cy3HTb 1411 H ripxcnocoalTb<br />
BHAIIMbIti pa3pe3, KOTOpbIII npencTatutncn<br />
14 pacTaHyncn nepeg ero meni-<br />
HHM H myTpeHmtm B3opoM. 3T0 gaeT 'Barati), BO3MO}KHOCTb H306pa3HTb<br />
myTpemnoto CBH3b gemoBeica C riptipogon 14 3a0gHo 3T0 6ygeT OTKJIHKOM gymemoro<br />
naHnutaclyra H nenouenecKon cygbObt. TaKOfÌ nogxog COOTBeTCTByeT<br />
11011HOCTMO xygo)KecTneHHomy KpeTko Illarana, no KoTopomy FICKyCCTBO — 3TO<br />
)1(143Hb 14 OT3ByK gyxonHoro COCTOS111<strong>1451</strong> nenoneKa.<br />
Ilogo6Hbni nogxog K HacTonuten >K143HH BurpenaeTcn 14 B 1103TIIIIeCKHX<br />
Komno3HH14)tx, oTmenaeTcn onpegeneHHan pa3Hmta me)Kgy BHgemtamli nepe3<br />
OTKpbITOC 141114 3aKpbITOC OKHO, KaK goKa3bmaeT CTHXOTBOpellHe B npo3e<br />
Baudelaire'a Les fenétres (1863). 11 B 3THX cTpoKax OH CMOTpIIT limite 14 nepe3<br />
3aKpb1Toe OKHO B OCBeIIkeHHbIA HHTepbep,<br />
cTapancb yragam TanHy cemenHon<br />
)KI13HH. HaI1pOTHB, Mallarmé, B cTlixax Toro )Ke Ha3BaH<strong>1451</strong>, CMOTpHT H3 60.T1b-<br />
HIPIHOTO OKHa Ha peanbHmil mitp, anta ce6e mecTa B HOBOM >K14311CHHOM H0110-<br />
)KeHHH 6011bHOT0 ItenoueKa. 12 OrpaHHnycb 3THMH npHmepamH, KoTopme yKa-<br />
9 3.ro noturBep*Raerckt 14 "3HMHHMH 3aMeTKaMH", B KOTOpb1X OH pa3MbIWJ15111 O<br />
TOM, tiro avutesi H cmonen Ha 3ana;te. JIkymakt o Tom, wro emy HOMHHJIOCb H3 cHoero<br />
poccrnIcKoro ttanexa, OH He 6eCBOKOHJ1CA O peallbHbIX korrrypax HacTosnmero 3anajt-<br />
H0r0 mktpa, a cxopee o Taglie TOFO, rrro emy He yttanock, pa3rattam, nuca OH cmonen<br />
Benocpettc'rBeHno CBOHMH rna3amkt Ha ripxylo peasibuocm.<br />
111 T. B. 11,HB135111 HegaBHo notinepxklyna Ha KompepeHumi, nocBmwerntoil IleTep-<br />
6ypry BecHog 2003 B MHAaHe, 4TO 3'1'0 OKHO o'ricpbuict wmpoxoe arBepc'rkie, 4epe3 KO-<br />
Topoe He TOIlbK0 POCCHA CMOTpl4T Ha 3aHaR, HO 14 3anag Ha PoccHio.<br />
11 31'0 ORHO 143 Poèmes en prose, B KoTopom Baudelaire yrBeptqtae'r: qu'on<br />
peut voir au soleil est toujours moins intéressant que ce qui se passe derrière une vitre.<br />
Dans ce trou noir ou lumineux vit la vie, réve la vie, souffre la vie' (Le Spleen de Paris,<br />
XXXV , 1869).<br />
12 CM. Hamon Ph. La finestra // Testo letterario e immaginario architettonico. Milano.<br />
Jaca Book. 1996.
,llyuleHttaR monozpacliusi u nemep6ypumue pation N ,aocmoeacico2o 87<br />
313i43a1OT Ha BO3M0)KHOe conocTaBneHlle Me)KRy 1103THI1eCKHM H cpnrypaTHB-<br />
HbIM n3o6pan(eHnsimn. 3T0 onpaBRbmaeTcn 14 TeM, TITO Rannbte 1103TbI 14 xygo-<br />
>KHHICH TB0p5IT Ile3aBHCHMO OT yeTaH013.11eHIIbIX 143M013, HO y6e)+q nTo<br />
Ka>x)rmil TBopen Ronn
88 HHHO Kayxqiuumuzu<br />
B 3TOií 110BeCTH neTep6yprcKa2 TO110134<strong>1451</strong> JIH11.1b KOCBeHHO goTparnnaeTc2<br />
AO )KH3HH 3THX J110):1e11, H nnTaTenem oHa KaK 6b1 HHTyHTHBHO nocnpn-<br />
HHMaeTCH KaK Ck0H, Ha KOTOpOM pa3nepTbinaeTcn 110BeCTBOBaTeJIbHaSI HHTb.<br />
Ho ropog noxa He immune H He OT3bIBaeTCSI Ha nHTIHOIi cyJb6e MaKapa H<br />
Bapemxn. Ha camom gene, B 3TOM paccKa3e TonorpacDlin npencTann1eTc2<br />
neppichepniThoti peanhHocTmo: repon He rynsnoT no ynnnam, o6cyncgaturcx<br />
BO3M0>KHble KOHTaKTbI C sHernimm mnpom, HO 011 H ne OCylIIeCTBJ1 5110TCSI.<br />
Korga B nocnegimx nlicbmax peni, nongeT O He06xognmom "'Rmpe", Tpe6y10-<br />
Lnemc2 BapeHbKe, oHa noncKa3binaeT MaKapy, TITO ero MO>KHO gOCTHTI, y<br />
"magam MIA-JOH", H coneTyeT emy no TlaHHbIM yKa3aHnnm o6paTnTbc2 K Hefi<br />
"no agpecy", HO OH ripli Hac He ompannneTc2 Tyga.<br />
HeMalIOHHTepeCHO H TO, TITO T(a)ce B 6onee 06CTOSITelIbHbIX OHHCaHHSIX, B<br />
gHemme BapeHbxn, He nurpenaeTc2 TonorpacinniecKnx nogpo6HocTen. Korga<br />
Ha noxoponax CbIlla 113 Kapmanon 6e)Horo urna HoxponcKoro naganyr gpa-<br />
FOLkeHHble CbIHy KHHrH, 0H11 gan(e cnega He OCTaBJIRIOT no nyTn K xnag61nny.<br />
EAHHCTBelll Iblfi KOHKpeT11 O TonorpachnnecKnfi HaMéK BcTpenaeTc2 nocne<br />
cmepTH urna Bapellmm, 'corna OHH C maTephlo npemeHHo 110CeJ151IOTCSI Ha fle-<br />
Tep6yprcKon cTopoHe, rge HM HegocTanano npocTopa, H OHH cTpaganil OT Tec-<br />
HOTbI, HOCK011bKy<br />
OKHa HaWH BblX01kHall Ha KaKoll-To >KeaTbirl 3a6op (1, 97).<br />
HTaK, olmo cTano 6apbepom, cywinalownm eine 6onmne 3TOT o6oco-<br />
6fleHHbin MHp: nonynaeTca BneTIaTneHHe, TITO peanhHOCTI, H Tonorpachlin He<br />
npoHnicaloT B 3Ty 6e3Bbncognro aTmoccpepy, oTopnaHHyto OT HacTonmen )1(H-<br />
3H14. EAHHCTBelllibIM mcKmoneHnem SIBJISHOTCH Te pegxne MOMellTbI, Korga pa3-<br />
ronop 3ailgeT O KOHKpeTHbIX Bewax:<br />
Xoann noKynam canoni H Kynnn ymmurrenbrible canoni. FlpowencH no<br />
HeRcKomy... (I, 190)<br />
A y meHa KcTaTH H maraanH ecTb Ha ropoxoHoll... Beab BaM Hy>KHO noKynKH<br />
6onbuie ikenam (1, 199).<br />
)1(113Hb 3THX ~gen npoTeKaeT B y3KOM Kpyry orpomuoro roponcKoro<br />
npocTpaHcma, 3a 3aKpbITb1MY1 OKHaMH, KOTOpble npn Hac He pacnaxymaioTc2.<br />
HanpoTnn, pegicne, noxurn cnynailHbie TonorpackllnecKne HaMéKH cnywaT<br />
TOJIbKO 6o.nee Totmomy onpegeneHmo npocTpaHcTneHHbix rpannn TaKoro 3am-<br />
KHyToro Kpyra.<br />
CnTyannn pagnicanbllo MeHS1eTCH B "RBOPIHHKe", rge OKHO C13513aHO C TOIIHb1M<br />
yKa3aHnem Ha TonorpachnnecKoe pacnonoweHne mcnnmna r. Fonzaxmia, Ko-<br />
Topoe "IlaX0MITCSI B ropoge HeTep6ypre, B MeCTHJIaBOIIHOil ynnne, B nerBep-
,llyttleattall mono2paOull u nemep6ypmeue paieonr,l fiocmoescicozo 89<br />
TOM 3Ta)Ke °Alloro BeCbMa 60111.1110r0 Roma" (I, 209-210). HO OKHO H TyT He<br />
npoeTo npn3Hax, a 3HaK, nepegaroumn TO cTpaHnoe Aymernme cocTosnme,<br />
KOTOpOM npoTexaeT >KH3Hb r. r01151,AKHHa:<br />
cepbul oceHHHil MeHb, MyTHblil 14 rps"Hbui, TaK cepjarro N C TaK011 KHC.11011 rpN-<br />
MaCON K Hemy CKB031. Tycx.rioe OKHO B KomHaTy (1, 209).<br />
KpoMe TOPO, TyT 11051B.1151eTCH H R011011 IIHTCJIbHb111 Ij)aKTop: 3epxa.no, KO-<br />
Topoe KaK 6b1 611H3K0 CB513aHO C OKHOM H HCHOJIIISICT TO>KC gyinennylo cpynx-<br />
nyno:<br />
OH noa6e*a.n K aepKanbily... ocTancsi coBepweHHo ROBOReH mem Tem, rITO<br />
yBHge.a... O'leHb o6pagoBancs" Tomy, Tro Hce HaeT xopowo (1, 210).<br />
HTaK, 3TH RBa npeRmeTa Apyr gpyra m0110JIIISIKST: OKHO CTallOBHTC51, C<br />
ORHOPI CT0p0Hb1, meTeoponorntlecxon cr3o,axon, a C gpyron, CB513bIBaKIIHHM 3BC-<br />
HOM menu LICJI0BeKOM H ropoRcKum npoeTpalleTHom, CO CBOHM CP0110M. Ha<br />
3TOM "porle H na 3CpKallbIlOCTH panepTbmaloTesi 11pHKII 10IICHHA "HallIer0 reposi".<br />
ORHaK0 OKHO, BIIRHMO, B COCTOSIHHH emy RasKe nowxa3aTb, KaK H 'ITO<br />
ero B ganbileilmem wicHgaeT:<br />
noa6e>Kan K olcoucy...Hagan Tro-TO OTbICKHBaTb r.ria3amm Ha )IBOpe Roma, Ha<br />
KOTOpb1r1 BbIXOR<strong>1451</strong>H OKHa ero KHapTHpb1 (1, 210).<br />
Ho noemoTpnm, xax OH nepeAsnraeTcsi no Tonorpachwieexon CCTH ropoga:<br />
repon nani ompaHnzeTcs4 OT IlleCTHIlaB0 11 11011 H Tyaa HoupaupeTesi, RBHrane',<br />
n0 1111OCKOÙ ropogcxon ropmoirra.an, npoe3sKa1 HO HCBCKOMy H psigom<br />
ne)Kan"nm nepeynxam n nnoinamm, n OHI1 CTaF1yT mecTamm ero gyinennoro<br />
nopa>Kennsi. Ho B TonorpactifineeKom pacnonosKeitnn 3T01-0 ropoRa HMCIOTCH<br />
onpeRenesnime mecTa, KOTOpbIe 3aKOJIROBbIBMOT r. FORSIRICHHa H 01114 cTanyT<br />
Tonorpachwiecxofl ~poti B ero rpé3ax H ullIeBHbIX mbrrapcTHax. 3T11<br />
11yHKTb1 COOTBeTCTByK)T B ropoRexon nanopame onpegenennhim Tonorpacpwlecxnm<br />
emtinnam: 3TO AHHIIKOB MOCT, JIHTefinasi, HTaJI 1,51HCKaS1 y.anna,<br />
H3MaIITIOBCKHH H CCMCHOBCKIA MOCTbl. A 0:1>onTanxa 3aHHMaeT oco6oe MCCTO<br />
— OHa nrpaeT KaK 6b1 mannylo p0J1b, OHa IlaCTOJILKO osmaRena r. FOR 51RICH-<br />
Hb1M, ero xanoma ocTamaa cfleg na ee TpoTyape (I, 250, 253). Ho (1)0H-<br />
Tamca — 3TO 3aoAno H KaHaJI-CBHRCTCJIb ero gymennoro noTpsicennst — xorga<br />
Haiti repon "npkicTa.nbno" CMOTpHT na nopasKaionuro ero "mymyro nomi" (I,<br />
251). 3TOT KaHaJI, KaK H 3epKaJIO, nrpaeT )10110JIHPITenbilyK) posu? , TaK KaK OH<br />
H OKHO OTIIHIMIOTCSI Henpo3palmon 3epKaablIOCTbK), a ero gyina inneT ce6e<br />
Tam onopm. r . FORSIRKHH, HanpoTnB, noTpsicen, 'coup OH MeJIbKOM BRAM'<br />
camoro ce6s1 H eTpannoe, nepa36opqnrsoe "Rpyroe" B 3TOM HCIIHCTOM BORHOM<br />
3epxame. C TCX nop Tonorpacinní 3T0r0 ropoga OCBOHJIa HHTHMHO gyusermylo<br />
3HaI1HMOCTb — xananbi cTann CBHReTCJIHMH gyIlleBHOÙ Tonorpachnn repoen RocToenexoro:<br />
ne TOJIbK0 r. Fonsnumna, 110 H PaCK011bHHKOBa, HORpOCTKa H gpy-
90 Huria Kayx ■41111l810111<br />
FUX Ba)KHL1X CJIeT1I0BaTenbH0, 3epicanbHocTB npencTaanseTcs ORHHM 143<br />
1'JIaBHbIX xyno)KecTseHHo-TonorpacimilecKHx npHémoB, Hai-ming C ",LkBoil'HHKa".<br />
Ha camom nene, F. He TO1ILKO ce6s, CTOH HaTI BOA011, HO<br />
npoBepneT ce6s cicpynyné3Ho B 3TOM 3epKane, 3anymbma1cb O cBoem sHy-<br />
TpenHem 110110)KCHHH. Hocne yTpeHHeti nponepicH OH BLIXORHT 143 ROMy, Ha-<br />
npaBanneb HO npnmonnHeilHo'n marHcTpanH, ctiwas HencicHil npocneKT CBOHM<br />
sxopem cnaceHlls, nocne Bcero nepexcHToro, nanna Ha ce6H B 3eplcane. TaKo-<br />
My KOHeIIHO, TpynHo Bonro nepenuframcs HO npsmoil FOpH3OHTaJ111,<br />
OHa HcKp13nneTes OCTHHhIM nBopom 15 H "KpIOKOM" nepe3 nepeynonxli. r.<br />
F011 51JCIKHII HaneeTc CIIaCTHCL OT ripecnenyronwx ero 3CpKalIbIlLIX oTpaaceHvin<br />
B 3THX KpHBbIX y6e7(Hwax, tITO6 1436aBHTbC51 OT marllimocTH MyTHbIX CH11,<br />
KoTopme emy HOLIy1IHJIHCL B BORe KaHaJla, Tem 6onee, TITO BepTHKansHoe BHgeHHe<br />
npenaTcTByeT perynspHomy xony ero mbunneHlls. Ha camom nene, no-<br />
Ka OH nepensHrancs HO ropH3oHTanH, ero yMCTBCHHbIe CHOCO6HOCTI4nBfiranHcb<br />
no Tomy )Ke Hanpasnemo, Ho Korna nary6Hag BepTificani b nepecemas ero<br />
nyTb, Bgpyr npeocTaHosHna nsa)Kenue no ropH3oHTanH, 11CpC)1 HHM OTKpbImach<br />
yrpo)Kaloinan 6e3nHa 14<br />
OH ripbwaer, HaKOHCH, B Hee can, can ycKopaH mmHyry cHoell *e norm6enu (I,<br />
255).<br />
CTapaHcb CHaCTI4Cb OT aToil BepTHicanH, OH npH6eraeT K KpHBH3He, HatuamaeT<br />
"KOCHTbC51 Ha BCé 1CHOX1106b51" (I, 258), a 3aTCM H mina HOR HHM "HC-<br />
KpH14115110TC51" (I, 261) H secb mHp }cm( 6Bi o6painaeTcs s HcKa)Kalowee 3ep-<br />
KanbH0e oTpa)KeHne, 16 nTo owywanocb cllepria B MyTHOM, Fp5I3HOM OKOHHOM<br />
"3epKane", a 3aTem B HCIIHCTOM KaHane. Ho OH sce-TaKH Hanesncs CIlaCTHCb,<br />
npoTHBonocTasnss 3TO1I pa3pyinliTenbHofi BepTincanH, HOCTOSIHCTBO HeKOTO-<br />
pmx, 11011TH FOpH3OHTaIILHO-BepTHKaJILHbIX mecT: H3MatilIOBCKHil MOCT 1 7 H 11C-<br />
ganeKidi CeMCHOBCKI411. OnHaK0 p snom C 3TOil ocopee yCHOKOIITCJIbHOil HO-<br />
nyBepTHKa.amo BO3BbILlIalOTC51 BbICOKYle )KHJIble Roma C 14X Fp03H0A BepTH-<br />
Kanb10. 1 8<br />
TyT scTaeT Bonpoc: nonemy awrop Hh16pan 143Maf4J10BCKHA MOCT KaK me-<br />
CTO nyinesHoil Tonorpachfix, dpoTHBonocTaanss ero myTHog Bone 41)0HTanKH?<br />
15 Hesciofil npocneier H FOCTHHIA nHop ynomHHalorca 8 pa3, a npnmaz manicrpanb<br />
IlwretiHan 4 paia; HranbsnicKaH yn. 2 paia a Ha6epe3KHa5 cl)owraHKH 8 pa3.<br />
16 14Hb1MH CBOBaMH, 3epKaBbH0e orpa*eHme Hrpaer ocHoHononaraloakyio p011b BO<br />
BCCX pewaloaatx momewrax *H3HH r. FOBARKHHa, HaqHHaz c nepHoro npo6y>i q<br />
210).<br />
17 143MAROBCKHfi MOCT HcrpemaeTcH 13 pa3.<br />
18 OKHa KHapnipird Oncyclma 14BaHorima nu6o Knapbl OJICyCiTheBlibl CMOTpeBH Ha<br />
Hero c BbIcwero ara*a.
M. B. 1 o6mullicionl. 3CKH3b1 3aCTHBOK H HJIMOCTIMUJAH<br />
K 110BeCTH (1). M. RocToeBcxoro "Besime Hotm"
92 HUHU Kayxquutetutt<br />
HO BCeVi BepOSITHOCTH, MOCT npencTaarmeTcn FonanxHHy HeonacHoù<br />
nyinesHoil HepTxxanbio, xoTopan MO)KeT XOTb BpemeHHo CMSIPIHTb ero<br />
nyxosHbie am6H11HH. KOHet1H0, OH 60HTC51 011yeTHTb B30p, Hanencb,<br />
HOMIHMaVICb Ha KpbIJIbSIX MenTbI, CTaTb no6egHTenem. HTaK, 143MAJIOBCKHil<br />
MOCT — PURI ymepeHHan HepTuxanb — CTaJIH cpenoTonHem ero rpd3 H TOIIKOVI<br />
npeo6pa3I(em4m, a 6onbHasi ero HILTI103112 cymena npespaTHTb HH3KHC npeBeca<br />
BO nHope B HepTHKanbHoe y6e)KHWe Henanexo OT 3Toro mocTa.<br />
Bonee CJIO)KHO onpenenHTb nyweHHylo Tonorpacinno nainpn.Ha Ha IllecTHnaHoimoh.<br />
19 3To nono6He xBapTHpbi He HMeeT Hwiero oddHero C TeM, CITO Bachelard<br />
ormeAermeT CBOHM "coin du monde", TeM meHee c nomom-rHe3nom TypreHeBa.<br />
KpoMe Toro, aTy xHapTHpy HeB03MO}KHO onpenenHTb AmninHem, —<br />
TaK KaK 3T0 He npoexulln "Bcero, Hamero xo3a13cma, T. C. 110 HOA0611H Hamero<br />
Tena", o ‘-iem CB 14)VeTelIbCTByeT "OpraHonpoeKHHz". 2() KoHeimo, 3TO He<br />
ii1om-y6e)Kmme CO CBOHM yK)TOM, I101134THe, oTcyTcmylowee B AyXOBHOM MHpe<br />
VI B KnapTHpax ROCTOeBCKOFO, rne nomHHHproT cxopee He6penolocm. H Hepn-<br />
IHnHBOCTb, a me6enb1oe 06opygoBaHme He ocHemaeT nymeHHoe rionon(eHHe<br />
ero repoeB. EVIIIHCTBeHHbIM )KHBbIM 31IeMeHTOM npeAcTaHngeTcn Ha IlleCTH-<br />
JIaBO,IHOVI FleTpyanca, Hanomrmarommi cicopee mapHoHemy.<br />
Hecmong Ha 3T0, npo xnapTHpy T. FOJIVIVIKHHa MO)KHO CKa3aTb,<br />
TITO 3TO csoeo6pamblii KOCMOC, 3T0 oTnpaHHan TWIKa Hcex CHOBVIReHHA H HH-<br />
THMHbIX HaAe>KA "Hamero repost" (I, 224), a olmo — He TOJILKO HpH3Hax, a<br />
cpenoTonHe CaMbIX OTBa)KHLIX HJI.T110314it Ryniemble aM6I411140 3TOTO nenoseica<br />
He OCyLLIeCTBTIVIIOTC51 rmstmo.aHHeimo, HM Tpe63noTcn KpKVIKOBaTbIe nyTH,<br />
panepTbmaroumecA OKOnbHbIMH nyTzmH. r . Fonznx.HH ompaHnzeTcn OT<br />
cHoero "coin" HIII4 nono6Ha HHTepbepa, B KoTopom oTmenaeTcm me6enb noò<br />
KpacHoe nepeso, enHHCTBeHHan BeLLIb, cocTamsnowan Kaxoe-TO HepexonHoe<br />
3BeHO K 6.3ecTnnemy mHpy Knapbl OlICyChbeBHbI. OKHO 3TOiI xHapTHpbi<br />
HpHo6peTaeT ChTIIKLIVIK) nekTHymero mina, OHO J(a)ce npu HeHaCTHOfi, HO-<br />
SI6pbCKOil Horone, HacTencb OTKpbITO H 6poCaeT CBOH 6necTnnwe nynH Ha<br />
oxpyncalotHHPi mHp. Ho 3TO CHVIHHe HpOTHBFITCSI TycKnomy mHpy "Hainero<br />
repon" H He nonycKaeT, nTo6b1 OH Hacna>Krkanca oT6necKom 3TOTO cHeTnoro,<br />
6ecnono6Ho ClIaBHOTO mHpa. BonpeKH BceMy, 3TO oco3HaeTcn KaKI1M-TO o6pa-<br />
3OM r. FOJIVIVIKHHbIM, H OH HaReeTcn, irro cymeeT 3a ApesecamH cripsrramcz OT<br />
3TOil rpo3Hoil peanbHocm, HHTaSICb "KpHBOPi" Hanencnoti XOTb KOCBeHHO nero-<br />
TO A0614TbC51. OVIllaK0 OH, 110 cHoeil HaType, He B COCTOSIHHH HOFISITb, qT0 OH<br />
19 WecTunaHogHae, Ha KOTOpOi1 *valer r. FORSIRK141-1, npegcrraeneeTcH MHe npocTo<br />
nosceRneeHbim )1(143FieliHbIM wimepeHnem.<br />
2() (1).nopeumul 11. A. OpraHonpoenwe // CO'INFIeH142 B 4-x Tomax (3-1). MocKHa.<br />
Mblcnb. 1999, c. 415.
,ayutesuan uR u nemepOyNcKite pationm ,aocrnoe«cicozo 93<br />
IlpHHagJICKHT yaKomy, neTmpexcTeHHomy ripocTpaHcmy Ha HICCTI411aBOIIII011,<br />
KOTOpb1M emy Cy3KgCHI10 ygOBJ1eTB0pHTbC51.<br />
BonpeKH Hcemy cKaaaHHomy, gom noxa eine He SIBJDICTCA TCM yHHKanb--<br />
Hmm, ncemH yairanaemmm npocTpaHcmom Roma PoroxcHHa, HecmoTpn Ha TO,<br />
TITO TyT pice HpornsigmHaeT gymemo-HHTHmnan C135131, mexcgy nen0BeKOM 14<br />
ero 3KHJ114111eM. KpOMe Toro, gpamaTHnecicoe cocTosnme ymcaseimmx cnoco6-<br />
HOCTeil r. Fonsmiuma He gaeT eMy, C 0,11H0f4 cTopoHm, BO3M0)KHOCTH HafiTH<br />
ce6e yTemeHHe B HacTonwem "coin". A c gpyroil, Hpl CTOJIKHOBeHHH mexcgy<br />
ropHaoHTanmo 14 nepTHKanmo (olmo Ha nepxHem aTa)Ke) C135131. C FIHTepbCpCM<br />
OKOIPIaTCJIb110 o6pmnaeTca, H BLIACHSICTCH, TITO IICB03M0)KII0 HafiTH Hpamylo<br />
I 1 14Tb, cnnahmakilHylo ero c 6onee BbICOKHM, BepTHKalIMILAM MHPOM, 143 KO-<br />
T0p0r0 OH olcomaTenhHo IICKII<br />
CJICROBaTCJIb110, MO)KHO CKa3aTb, TITO xog 31'01i 11011CCTH HepaanynHo CB H-<br />
aau C Tonorpacfmnecimm pacriono)meHmem ropoga, o6ycnonnemimm oco6bim<br />
apxwreKTypHmm cTpoem, KOTOphIil HOCTOSIIII10 oTpa)maeTcH Ha gyarennom<br />
vnage Haiuero repoH. KpoMe Toro, HcKOTOphIe yrnm ropoga B.TIVISHOT Ha ero<br />
BuyTpeHHHII mHp, Ho He moryT ero yTemHTL. A nepHme CHMIITOMM ero gymenHoro<br />
HoTpsicemln ACRO 11pOSIBJIBIOTCH Ha JICCTIIIIHC, 1 IO KOTOpOil OH "How<br />
HumaeTcsr" nnepx, H 3THM HogTnepmcgaeTcsi, 'ITO OH CTpCMHTCH K BbICOTC, X0-<br />
TH nepTHKanbHoe Hamepenne emy HeCHOCHO. HTaK, MO)KHO 3aKJ1 10 11HTL, TITO<br />
anTopy yganoch coagaTh Heo6xognmylo I103TH 11eCKyK) cTpyKTypy B 3TOM<br />
60JIMBOM ropoge, H r. FOJIYIAKHI1y ygaeTcsf nponecTH )KH31 lb KaK 6m Ha yegmneHHom<br />
ocTpone, cpegH MII0r0 1-1HCJICIIHIAX HeTep6yprcimx OCTp0BOB. 0111 1aK0<br />
KaHaJIbI, MOCTIA, 6onmuHe apTepHH, yaKne nepeynKH CTallOBSITCH rpaHHHamll<br />
3TOI'O nepHmeTpa, a OH14 ROKa3MBalOT CO Hceti WIC1314g110CTb10, TITO g0M141111-<br />
pyeT ropHaoHTanb, cooTHeTcTnymmasi o61Ikemy paCH0110>KeHHIO neTep6ypr-<br />
CKOPI Tonorpacfnm. Tparwmo TO, TITO C11 HOCTOSIHI10 rpo3HT BepTHKa.ab OLI-<br />
COKHX rOpOgCKHX ROMOB C HX 6ecuncne1lHinmH olcHamH C 3CpKaJ11,11bIM oTpa>Ke-<br />
HHem.<br />
HTaK, Tonorpactifineciwe pacHono)KeHme 3T0r0 ropoga cooTneTcTnyeT<br />
gy1I1e13HOMy cocTosamo, a r. FOJISIRKHII KaK 61.1 Hepaanyimo C HHM CBH3all, HOxa<br />
rpaHHHLI 3T0r0 ropogxa B ropoge geTKO oriemeHm. HO Korga oHH pacrina-<br />
Bn5HOTCSI, II 14X KOHTypb1 CTallOBSITCSI Tymamunmn, r. FOJIHAKH11 TepS1CTCH H<br />
nponammaeTcsi B 6e3glly.<br />
TOHOrpatI4S1, I 1a11p0TFIB, oTcTyrraeT B TIOBCCTII "FOCI -10,111411 Hp0Xap 1111 11" Ha<br />
BTOpOi1 TIJ1aH H CTalIOBHTCH JIHIL1b IICO6X0gHMbIM J1CCOM, Hoggep)KHHaloupim<br />
cTpyKTypHLA CTpOÙ paccKaaa. TyT nce 11p0HCX0g1IT B 011HCaHHOM "coin",<br />
B HHTepbepe aa unymoil, C KOTOphIM ero *H31 1b Hepaanylmo cnsiaalla. A HoKa
94 HUHU KayxqtlilleltAll<br />
OH *1411 Ha HeCKaX, OH THXO nexcan, H14 C KeM He o6LHancb H He pa3roBapH-<br />
Basi: ogimm CJIOBOM, OH mor Hacna)KgaThca csoefi yegimeHHoil F0p1430HTaBb10.<br />
HaIlpOTHB, emy TpygHo C)KI4TbCH C HOBOIk O6CTaHOBKOI'1, xorga OH HonagaeT B<br />
KOMI1a11141C), xoTopan 3acTaBnneT ero CTOJIKHyTbC51 C BepTHicanmo non BHgom<br />
TOJIIIbI 01(0110 Tonxynero phimca, rie OH coBepluemo TepHeTcH. A Korga OH<br />
OgyTHTCH Ha y.rawe, 'corna B "KpHBOM nepeynxe" gom ropHT, 14 BepTHxanb<br />
HyraeT ero, xax 14 gpyrHx *HTeneil, emy mepeuumn, TITO OH nyTh 1114 He<br />
cropen BmecTe C 3Toil BepTxxanmo. IloTpaceHHe nocne CTOJIKHOBeH1151 C Bep-<br />
THKanb10 6b1110 TaK14M CH.T1bHIAM, TITO OH BCé BHOBb nepexamaeT B 6peTky, 14<br />
nepeg HHM nosmnneTca rpo3Haa, Hyralowan ero naHopama Henoro ropoga co<br />
cTpanaHmmH, Hel3b1HOCHMb1M11 H3mepeminmH. 21<br />
OAHaKO, BO BHeume THxoil )KH3HI4 3T0F0 nenoBeica 11051BJISTIOTCSI<br />
TO 'FAMA, 14 OH14 Toxze oTpa)KaioTcH Tonorpachmecim: oxa>xeTcn, MTO 41.He-<br />
CTBylOT xaxile-TO cexpeTHme CBM3H C F0p0110M TBepb 14 3TOT TonorpaelnecmA<br />
HamCK 51B.TISICTCSI KIII0IICBb1M 14 Hpoponecm4m OTHOCHTeMbH0 Happa-<br />
THBHoil pa3BH3xH. HOMHMO 3T0F0 BcTpenaloTcH TO 11HbIC TOROrpactifinecime<br />
yKa3aHHH, xoTopme HOSIBJ13110TCSI TOJIbKO Torga, Korga OH B J114-<br />
xopaAKe He B COCTOHHHH BepHyThcz ROMA, KaKOti-TO Kynep Hog6HpaeT ero<br />
"rge-TO" n0 gopore B KOJI0MHy. TaKHe pegime, HO Tonorpacplinecime yronHe-<br />
npugaioT 3TOMy CpaBH14TenbH0 KOpOTKOMy paccxa3y KaKylo-TO 0}1(14-<br />
B.TICHHOCTb, HO 3aogHo npegocTaBnnioT nwraTemo BO3M0)KHOCTb OT11aTb celie<br />
urger O yMCTBCHHOM HOJIOXCCH1441 TaK0F0 IICK1110q14TeRbHQF0 opHrmiana.<br />
3THM paccxa3om HogTHepBcgaeTcH, TITO Tonorpaclum Bocnpiummanach,<br />
nepe*HBanach ROCTOCBCKIIM 14 npegocTaBnxna emy Heo6xogHmmil maTepHan<br />
npli o6pHcome HappaTHBHoro ripocTpaHcTsa xa)mgoil 110BCCTII. FOBOIM o F.<br />
Hpoxapnime, Ka)KCTCSI BO3MO)KHbIM f_106aBHTb: KorRa ROCTOeFICK1411 CTOSIJI<br />
OKOJIO 141114 nepej 3aKpbITI,IM OKHOM, emy ygaBanoch MbIC.TICHHO BIIHKHYTb B TO,<br />
TITO TB0p14TCSI B HHTephepe, 3a OKHaM14. Ho 'coma OH CTOHM OK0110 OTKpbITCWO<br />
oima, 14 ero B3op 6Bin nopaAceu oupegeneffludm mecTom, xax Hanp. Ilaolvramca<br />
14 HCKOTOpble y1114111,1, MOCTE4, nnomaga, BCe 3aBSI3b1Ba.T114Cb B ero H3o6pa3H-<br />
Te/ILHOCTH B Henyio Henb 14 nepecTpaHBanoch B OplIFI4HalIbHbIA 110BeCTBO-<br />
BaTelIbHb111 xog. 3aogno ochopmannacb Ta nonTH HenpaBgoHogo6Han aTmoccpepa,<br />
B KOTOpOIÌ ero repon TIBliralOTCH, HO olia CTaHOBI4TCSI 1146e11bH01 -4 ARSI<br />
TaK1IX 6ecnogo6Ho opHrimanmio-TparHnecxnx nwmocTeil, KaK r. Hpoxaptam.<br />
21 Tal" o6pa3om, OH 6yKBaJIbHO npeBpaw,aercH 13 elmrypy, HanomptHamnaz pa-<br />
HeHoro cosmaTa 111arana.
fiyuleatiaR monozpaffiull u nemep6ypzucue patioubt ,a0CMOCHCK020 95<br />
B "Cna6om cepgge" sce oTnpasnseTcs OT apxwrexTypHsix 133mepeHliI3, a<br />
pegnie TonorpactsinecKHe HaMUH yKa3b1BaIOT Ham, tlTO MbI BHOBb B ropoge<br />
"Ha HeBe", Tuo ReficTsHe HpoHcxogHT Ha "HeTep6yprcsoll CTOpOHe" H no<br />
gopore K KOJIOMIle. 3T14 yKa3aHvis nonTsepscRaioT, TITO asTopy Tpe6yroTcs H<br />
TyT HeCKOJIbK0 0110pHbIX r1yHKTOB. no gopore K J1106HM011 Resouxe, gpyms<br />
sgpyr BC110MHHalOT O maramie magam Ilepy Ha B0311eCeHCKOM, 22 Ha OgH0à 143<br />
rnasHmx apTepHiI ropoga. 3T0 no6pKgaeT 060rix Rpy3eil KplOKOM Tyga 3ai3rH,<br />
KyHHTb noRapoic H 3THM gocTHraeTcs BbICIIIee 6J1a)KelICTBO BacHHoro cnacms,<br />
TITO morno ocyrnecTsHmcs TOJILKO rOpH3OHTalIbH0, II0 gopore, segyineil 13<br />
KOJI0MHy, K aTomy, Torga maneHbKomy, nposHHHHanhHomy, oxpailHomy npwropogicy.<br />
3To yKa3aHHe Ha BaCI4110 senmoe, HO mm4moe cnacTbe npencTa-<br />
B.1151eTCS C KOM110314IIHOHHOA TOIIKH VeHVISI ouTpaHeHllem, KOTOpbIM 011paBgbI-<br />
Bae7c51 13CH 3aBH3Ka gaHHOP1 PICTOpHH; HO uTomy oTcTpaHeinuo Tpe6yIOTCH<br />
BlIOBb onpeRenemmie TonorpadmilecKHe °Holm'. Ha Rene, Bacs xsaTaeTcs 3a<br />
HHX, KaK 3a sxoph cnaceHlis, HO Korga OH BbIHy)KgelI IlpH3HaTbC51 Rpyry, TITO<br />
OH emy He cKa3an BCIO npasgy, 3T14 IlyHKTIA HcHapsioTcs: 01114 He B COCTOH11 1411<br />
ero gymesHo Hogxpernrrh, 14 soxpyr Hero sce pyrnwrcs. KpoMe Toro, 3T14<br />
pensile TonorpactmnecKHe yica3aHms HCHOJIHRIOT C1)3/HKL11410 3amegnemls 14 g a ioT<br />
IIVITaTeJ110 BO3MO)KHOCTb XOTb Ha mvniymy nepegoxHyTh. OHH BHOBb HOSIBHT-<br />
051 Ha 3aK.1110 111Te.111,H011 cTpaHline, 'corna ApKagHil Bb1Hy)Kgell HOCTaBHTb ce6H<br />
14 CB010 cygb6y Ha ypOBCHb Tpe6yKsnefics peanbHoil HOBCCAHCBHOCTH.<br />
Oco6eHHoe BHHMa1114e 3acnyscHsaroT B RaHHOM KOHTCKCTC "Bel1ble HOrI14", 14C-<br />
KJ110,111TC11bH0 HeTep6yprcionl poMaH. B 11pCgbIgy1IIHX 110BCCTSIX HeTep6ypr<br />
npeRocTasHn asTopy Tpe6yioun11 ics cTpoirrenbHmil maTepHan H cTan cgeHapHem<br />
HappaTHBHOII 3aBH3KH. TyT caM ropoR BeCb oxyTaH HepeansHo-chaH-<br />
TacTHnecimm CBCTOM 6elIbIX onaposasumx meIrraTens, cTaneT aKTaH-<br />
TOM 14 (I)oHom ylI1KanbH01 .0 cseTosoro oTpasK14Tb CBOil OTHexIaTOK 14 Ha mina garmix<br />
smTeneri, Ha m gyxosHoe ssipas(enne. 3Ta xapalerepHas nepTa cTaHeT B<br />
22 O KoTopom ynommilaeusi OgHH egmicTBeHHliiil pa3.
96 Huna Kayxquittetout<br />
"1411140Te" OCHOBILLIM npnémom 14 CO311aCT eTpylerypnylo B3aHMOC134131, mencRy<br />
0KpeCTHIAMH, 11p0B141111HanbHb1MH MeCTHOCTSIMH 14 nappwrlinnbim annapaTom B<br />
nenom. A npo "Benbie HO.IH" MO>KHO CKa3aTb, LITO ROCTOCBCICHil nenhrrbinaeT<br />
TyT snepsbie Raimo-TonorpachwiecKne BO3MO)KHOCTH, KoTopine HO3B0.11 31T emy<br />
0 1IepTHTb onpeRenemmie RymennEde nepTbi CBOHX repoeB. 3TH nep14chep14x-<br />
HbIe mem Tpe6onanneb xyRonceeTnelmon H306pa3HTe.ablIOCTH awropa, TàK<br />
KaK °Arta eTonwman Tonorpacima He npeRocTannana emy neo6xoR14mmx<br />
CTp0HTe.ablIbIX HIOaHCOB. 0)EIHaKO, C npocTpanurnemio'n TOIIKH 3pel1H51 Ha»<br />
OTMeTHTb, .1TO rOpH30HTalIb npeo6naRaeT 14 B 3T011 110BeCTH. MelITaTC11b ne-<br />
peRrmraeTen no yp6anncTeKon Tonorpalum neTep6yprocnx ynnn, CTa.TIKVI-<br />
BaSICb 110.1TH enceRnenno C nepTincanmo 1341COKHX Romon. 3T0 BbI3bIBaeT B<br />
nem olnyinenne ommoneeTna 14 yenoncrineT CH0111e11<strong>1451</strong> C Rpyrnm; HTaK, OH<br />
Bb1Hy)KTICH yCTaHOBHTb nwinble CHOIIICH1411 HCKJII0.1 VITe.abH0 C KaMeHHOri Rep-<br />
TnKanbK), C KoTopoil CB 413aHbI H Te pemcne nenonenecKne macm4, KOTOpb1C<br />
emy ncTpetialoTen. KaK Mb1 menu, conpnxocnonenne menu Rnymn npo-<br />
THBOCTOHInFIMII annnamn 3acTaBnsIo r. FOJISIRKHITa 011yCTHTb B31'115111( I10 nep-<br />
THKann B 6e3110HIlyK) rnyanly xanana. 23 A meirraTemo CIIHTC51 ropoRcican<br />
nepnixanh, B naRenqe, irro 0Ha CMO>KeT npeo6pa3nTb H npnRaTb KaKylo-To<br />
nmeoTy ero 11y1110B110My 110J10)KeHIIK). 3T0 TIOBT0p51eTCSI KancRbin pa3, KorRa<br />
OH nognnmacT CB011 B3E115111 nnepx 14 BHAHT, tITO ROMa FJ141)151T na Her0 143 "neex<br />
OKOH", HO OH HI4KaK IIe MO)KeT C HHMH CATHCb. Ho co 'Temei-1cm emy nce-Ta-<br />
yRaeTen yeTalIOBHTb C neKoTopbimn 113 3THX ROMOB "J111.1Hble OTH0111e11<strong>1451</strong>" 14<br />
xpome neKoTopme eTanyT ero "IIK)611M1111MH HJI H KOpOTKHMH npnnTenamn" (II,<br />
6). CneRonaTenbno, MOACHO 3aKJIIOtIHTb, TITO 11pOCTpaHCTI3e11HOCTb einiTaeTen<br />
B I1033HH 14 B )1(11B011HCH KJIK),IeBbIM npnémom IIe TOSIbKO B ropoReKon narropame,<br />
HO 14 B11.IH0f4 cyRb6e nenoneica. Ha camom Rene, yr.abi 3a unTmamn<br />
mano-nomaRy pa3pacTawnen, eTanyT "eTpannhimn yronxamn", KaMopKaMH, B<br />
KOTOpbIe<br />
}Klinawn menTaTenn (II, 20), n 01114 C MIO-<br />
60BbIO CMOTp3IT na Te gemme CTelibI, KOTOpbIMH orpanmeno 11X )K1TC1ICK0e<br />
npocTpancTno. HO B OTJIWIHe OT npeRmAyinnx repoeB, menTaTenb nee-Taxn<br />
oco3HaeT, KorRa nompainaeTca B CBOK) "KomnaTy", .1TO OH y ce6n Aoma. HalipOTHB,<br />
TITO KacaeTen COIlp14KOCHOBeH1441 MenAy pa31-1LIMII n3mepennamn, rimo<br />
OTMeTIITb, TITO OHO noenpm-inmaeTcH B 3T011 noneeTH KaK 6b1 HeMHOI'O emnrnenno<br />
no epanneinno C r. FOJIMAKHHHM, XOTS1 14 TyT nApyr noHBJI HeTCH nenan<br />
"crop6MeHHaH" nepTlixanb, noTopan<br />
23 3T° gywealioe COCTOSIFINe HanomaHaer o ".neacagem noaTe" libraria.
fiyuleartuu monozpuffiun u nemep6ypzocue parumbi ,llocmoeucKozo 97<br />
npHcnotninach K nepHnam KaHana, 06110KOTHBWHCb Ha peweTKy... 04CHb<br />
HHHmaTenbHo cmoTpena Ha myrHyro nom/ KaHana (11,10).<br />
3TO Ile0)104RaHHOC noannerme Bb13bIBaeT nepeamoname B HappaTHBHom<br />
xoAe 14 coaBacoTca HOBbIe THopnecxne Tpe6oBalma, BO3HHKaeT Heo6xommocTb<br />
coman, mmcmyco CBH3b, Mexcny 3TIIMH BByma HamepecmamH. HO HM rpymo<br />
C)K14TbC51, TCM 60nee, CITO BepTHKaJIb, HO Byxolmomy HaaHaneHmo, cTpemliTca<br />
peIIIHTenbH0 HanpaBHTE. BCd K Toù BbICOTC, r)e nyina mo)KeT cHo6onHo Hcemy<br />
Hac.naamamca. Ho 3TO ocTaeTca mHpaazom.<br />
KpoMe Toro, 3TII Hamepemm npuo6peTacoT oco6emcyco 3HaIIIIMOCTb B OT-<br />
6necKe cBeTa 6encax Honefi, oaapaconcxx Bech ropoB CBOHM Heo6BBmwm CI151-<br />
mem, 6maromap1 xoTopomy BCpTHKanb CTaHOBHTC51 tiapromai RefiCTBHTenb-<br />
HOCTLIO. BaarojAapa 3Tomy peammaa o6cTaHoma npeo6paacaeTca, H BepTH-<br />
KaJlbH0e Hamepemce CTaHOBHTCSI RYIHeBHOÙ Heo6xwmmocTmo. B TaKOPI aTmoccPepe<br />
HacTeHmca 14 MCIITaTeI1b SIK06b1 CJIHBalOTC51, 3a6Bma5 Bpememio o Ho-<br />
BeeMeBHOPI peammlocTH. A KorRa 110CneRIISISI Bbl6CpeT celie OKOIIIIaTeJIEHIA<br />
11yTb, Torna HJIIIK)30pHaS1 aTmocchepa pymwrca. TaKaH 14.11J1K)3H51 Morna ywra-<br />
HOBHTbC51 TOJILKO BO Bpema Oemmx Honeù, C HCCKOHTIaCMb1M11 BenepamH, KorRa<br />
Bce oayTaHo 3THM 110rITH Hepeasummm CBCTOBLIM cHHHHem. 24<br />
HHbIMH CJI0BaM14, BbISICHHeTC51, TITO gymemma Tonorpacima 06yCJIOBIIII-<br />
BaeT He TOJIbKO KOMI103H111110 3THX nepshix noBecTeil, HO H maTepHasc pace B<br />
TCX pomaHax, KOTOpbIe He paaBepThmaroTca Ha HeTep6yprcaom cpoHe. Fepoll<br />
ROCTOCBCK0r0 BHyTpeHHe accHmcumpycoT ripoTHBocTostume JIHHHH, HO HHM<br />
opmeHTHpyeTcst IsopnecKaa 3Heprllm awropa, 14 HpeROCTaBJISHOT emy B03-<br />
MO*HOCTb CO3RaTb CBOH IIC6b1Banble XyIl(0)KCCTBCHIIble Hp0113BCReFIFISI. CJICAO-<br />
BaTenblIO, ROCTOCBCKOMy ynanocb ()m/metani, roponcKylo HaHopamy, H OHa,<br />
CO CBOHMH rmeameTamH, noBcaaahmana emy CO3naTb "Benbie Holm". A 6.naroppz<br />
aTMocc!epe 3THX Honefi, ropon C ero HCKJII0IIHTCJIbH0g, HO Ild pyccxoll<br />
yp6aHHCTHKOil, CTan y1111Kanbllb1M Reilcmymumm Jmnom 14 3aCTaBHJI awropa H<br />
ero MexuaTenst HOWIHHHTbCII noTpe6HocTam 3Tofi csoeo6pa3Hoil yp6aHHcTvm<br />
C eli He3aypHnHoil aTmoccPepoù. 25<br />
Tonorpacimmecami TO) xoB K IIOBCCTBOBaHHK) ormammBaeTca, KaK y)Ke 6huto<br />
cKa3aHo, 11p0CPCCCHOHanbH011 110,1IPOTOBKOP1 ROCTOCBCK0r0. ApxHTeKTypHoe<br />
o6pa3oHaHHe Bari° emy BO3M0>KHOCTb 110IICTyHHTb K TaKHM H3o6pa3HTesimcbim<br />
3KCHCp1IMCIITaM H 1103BOJIHI10 emy ripHBaTb ero noBecTam yHIIKaabHy10 Hap-<br />
24 06 3Tom cmineTenbcTRyeT H KapTHHa Warana "OnktHogecmo".<br />
25 Taiwii He3aypHnHbnl XynO>KeeTBeffiiblii cTpoil HanoMuHaeT KapTimy Warana<br />
"Rom C rna3om".
98 HUHU KUyXqUEUHUAU<br />
pammym cTpyterypy. 3THM 061351CHSIeTCH, LITO aBTOp Bb16pan HCKp111311eHHy10<br />
BepTHKaJ113110CTb HaCTeHbKH, xoTopaR, KaK F01151LIKIIH, onycicaeT B3Op B npo-<br />
IlaCTb, HO 3TOT JIHLLIb ripomewyTonmAil MOMeHT 11pHBJICK Bm4maHme mena-<br />
Temi; 3THM oTicpbmaeTcH HOBag KOMII03HILHOHHaii cpa3a B nammetintem xone<br />
3T0r0 paccxa3a. HHbIMH cJIOBaMH, 3TO nepexmoneHHe Bbl3BaHO BpemeHHoil<br />
no6enoù BepTmcanH, T. e. TOil JIHHHH, xoTopasi 60peTC41 HpOTHB IITIOCKOft yp-<br />
6aHHCTCKOil rOpH30HTa.TIH.<br />
TeTpa)414 ROCTOeBCK0r0 LIOKa3b1BalOT, 11TO OH HCIILATbIBaeT Ha celie Pa3-<br />
Hble np~bi H o6pa3bi; cpenH HHX OH H36HpaeT CBOII CTp0HTenblibIù maTepHan,<br />
a Tonorpacimq npenocTaBnyieT emy Te neca, KOTOpbIMH nonxpennneTcz<br />
cynb6a ero C110)+01131X nepcoHamzeit KpoMe Toro, OH HaCTOJIbK0 CAGIJICSI C 3THM<br />
roponom, irro cmor npenocTaBHTb emy TaKHX yHHKanbHbIX JIHLI, BbI3BaHHbIX<br />
HmeHHo mecTHofi TonorpackHeii. 3TH nepe*HBaHHz ccpopmHpoBanH ero LIy-<br />
XOBHO TBopitecxylo BOCHRIHMIIIIBOCTb, a KaTopra Aaxce He cmorna yMaJIHTb<br />
HHTHMHy10 CI3S13b C roponom, xoTopaH yeTaHommaci,, mica CO3L(aBaJIHCb nep-<br />
Bble paccKa3bI. HeTep6yprcxasi Tonorpacpm nommmpyeT B "YHH)KeHHEIX H<br />
OCK0p6J1e1MbIX", B "HoArtonbe" 14 B "HpHcTynneHHH 14 Haxa3aHHH", 14 ropon 6yneT<br />
He TOJIbK0 Reilcmylowlim nilHom, HO 14 CDOHOM )1043HeHHbIX yC.TIOBVIA xa)K-<br />
;pro nepcoHaNca.<br />
ROCTOeBCKVILI 0)KHBJISIeT B CBOHX paccica3ax (DOHTMIKy C ee mocTamit H C<br />
6J114311e)KaIIIIIMII nepeysixama, HeBy c ee rpaHnHo3HbimH MocTaMH, HeBCKHil<br />
npocnexT C FOCTHHb1M nBopom, a Taxxce .11HTekiyi-o. 3TH xpe6Thi CTOJIHIIHOLI<br />
naHopaMbl 6ynyT BblRe.TISITbC51 Taxmce 13 6011b1LIHX pomaHax, B KOTOpb1X noma<br />
cTaHyT OgeBHAILaMH 3B011101I1414 nyineimofi Tonorpacim, icoTopaR oTpa3HTcst Ha<br />
*H3H14 )1(HTeneil 3T0r0 ropona. A c obnopexcium MO)KHO CKa3aTb, 4ITO BCCb<br />
ropon cTaHeT nomom tienosextecicoti nyui, a no Bachelard'y "sites de notre vie<br />
intime", AaAce Torna, 'corna noma He oTnwialoTca oco6eHHoil xpacoTog. TatcHe<br />
pa3mbintneHm4 O meTachH3HtiecKom npocTpaHcme 110LICKa3bInalOT MHe, IITO<br />
MO)KHO roBomb He TOI1bK0 O nymeBHoil Tonorpacp14 H reorpacpHH, HO H 0<br />
LryLueBHom npocTpaHcme 14 0 gyLILeBHOPI apX11TeKType.
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