Gjendja e rezervave dhe perspektiva e kerkimit te mineraleve dhe ...
Gjendja e rezervave dhe perspektiva e kerkimit te mineraleve dhe ...
Gjendja e rezervave dhe perspektiva e kerkimit te mineraleve dhe ...
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<strong>Gjendja</strong> e <strong>rezervave</strong> <strong>dhe</strong> <strong>perspektiva</strong> e <strong>kerkimit</strong> <strong>te</strong><br />
<strong>mineraleve</strong> <strong>dhe</strong> shkembinjeve industrial <strong>te</strong><br />
Shqiperise
SHKEMBINJTE DHE MINERALET INDUSTRIALE (JO METALORE)<br />
TE SHQIPERISE<br />
Te <strong>dhe</strong>na <strong>te</strong> pergjitheshme<br />
Albanidet bejne pjese ne sis<strong>te</strong>min e rrudhosur alpin ne degezimin e Dinarideve-<br />
Albanideve-Helenideve-Taurideve.<br />
Ne Albanidet nga lindja ne perendim veçohen keto zona gjeo<strong>te</strong>ktonike :<br />
Zonat e Korabit, Mirdi<strong>te</strong>s, Apeve, Kras<strong>te</strong> Cukalit, Krujes Jonike <strong>dhe</strong> Sazanit<br />
Mbesh<strong>te</strong>tur ne pozicionin qe zene Albanidet ne brezin e rrudhosur Alpin <strong>dhe</strong> ne volumin<br />
e madh <strong>te</strong> punimeve <strong>te</strong> kerkim-zbulimit <strong>te</strong> kryera ne vi<strong>te</strong>t 1950-2005 jane zbuluar me<br />
dhjetra vendburime <strong>te</strong> <strong>mineraleve</strong> <strong>te</strong> dobishme jo metalore (shkembinj <strong>dhe</strong> minerale<br />
industriale) me rezerva <strong>te</strong> konsiderueshme qe se bashku me vendburimet metalore <strong>dhe</strong><br />
ato energjitike perbejne pasurine minerale natyrore <strong>te</strong> Shqiperise.<br />
Mineralet industriale <strong>te</strong> njohur deri tani ne Shqiperi arrijne rreth 50. Me punimet <strong>dhe</strong><br />
studimet gjeologjike per disa jane percaktuar rezervat gjeologjike <strong>dhe</strong> jane kryer e<strong>dhe</strong><br />
studime <strong>te</strong>knologjike <strong>te</strong> pasurimit si per fosfori<strong>te</strong>t, kaolina ,olivini<strong>te</strong>,xhame, grani<strong>te</strong>t etj.
Studime gjeologjike <strong>dhe</strong> punime kerkimi jane kryer:<br />
• per gelqeroret <strong>dhe</strong> dolomi<strong>te</strong>t,<br />
• argjilat, kaolinat,<br />
• kuarci<strong>te</strong>t e rerat kuarcore,<br />
• gips anhidri<strong>te</strong>t,<br />
• squfurin e kriperat,<br />
• shkembinj<strong>te</strong> copezore (iner<strong>te</strong>t lumore),<br />
• guret dekorative karbonatike <strong>dhe</strong> ofiolitike,<br />
• olivini<strong>te</strong>t, xhamin vullkanik, magnezi<strong>te</strong>t,<br />
• bari<strong>te</strong>t, feldshpatin, albitofiret, pirofili<strong>te</strong>t, talkun, fluoritin <strong>dhe</strong><br />
• shkembinj<strong>te</strong> ofiolitike bazaltike etj.<br />
• Per shumicen e ketyre <strong>mineraleve</strong> industriale me punimet e<br />
kryera jane llogaritur <strong>dhe</strong> rezervat gjeologjike e industriale<br />
duke u bere <strong>te</strong> ga<strong>te</strong>shme per tu vene ne sherbim <strong>te</strong><br />
ekonimise se tregut.
Sipas Serjani A,2001
Grupimi Industrial-Ekonomik i Mineraleve <strong>dhe</strong> i Shkembinjeve Industriale<br />
<strong>te</strong> Shqiperise (sipas Serjani A, etjer; ,2001)
•SHKEMBINJTE KARBONATIKE<br />
•Gelqeroret- Perfaqesojne lende <strong>te</strong> para karbona<strong>te</strong> <strong>te</strong> perhapur nga depozitimet me<br />
<strong>te</strong> vjetra triasiko-jurasike deri ne moshat me <strong>te</strong> reja kretake <strong>dhe</strong> eocenike ne forme<br />
masivesh, shtresash e brezash qe ndiqen ne shtrirje per disa kilometra <strong>te</strong> perhapur<br />
pothuajse ne gjithe rrethet e vendit tone nga Tropoja, Kukesi e Shkodra ne veri deri<br />
ne Korçe, Kolonje e Gjirokas<strong>te</strong>r ne jug.<br />
•Gelqeroret me CaO mbi 50% per <strong>te</strong> cilet ka rezerva <strong>te</strong> medha ne <strong>te</strong> gjithe<br />
Shqiperine mund <strong>te</strong> perdoren me sukses ne industrine e çimentos, per prodhimin e<br />
gelqeres si <strong>dhe</strong> duhet <strong>te</strong> zgjerohet prodhimi i iner<strong>te</strong>ve karbonatike, prodhim i cili<br />
sapo ka filluar me disa impian<strong>te</strong> <strong>te</strong> ngritur keto vi<strong>te</strong>t e fundit per nevojat e ndertimit.<br />
•Prodhimi i iner<strong>te</strong>ve karbonatike (rere e granil karbonatik) duhet <strong>te</strong> zgjerohet<br />
sidomos per tu perdorur si lende e pare ne ndertim per llaçe e betone per ti<br />
zevendesuar ne nje perspektive <strong>te</strong> afert iner<strong>te</strong>t lumore, shfry<strong>te</strong>zimi in<strong>te</strong>nsiv i <strong>te</strong><br />
cilave, vi<strong>te</strong>t e fundit ka çuar ne prishjen e shtra<strong>te</strong>ve <strong>te</strong> lumenjve, prishjen e pritave,<br />
gerryerjen e tokave are duke çuar ne prishjen e ekuilibrave mjedisore <strong>te</strong> shtra<strong>te</strong>ve<br />
<strong>te</strong> lumenjve si ne Droje, Terkuze, Tirane, Erzen etj. ( B. Lleshi B. 2000, 2002)
Harta formacionale skematike e Shqiperise me perhapjen e<br />
gelqeroreve si lende e pare ndertimi
• Dolomi<strong>te</strong>t - ashtu si gelqeroret takohen bashke me to ose prane tyre ne<br />
forme shtresash, pakosh e brezash me permasa <strong>te</strong> medha.<br />
• Vendburimi kryesor esh<strong>te</strong> ai i Dukatit (Vlore) me trashesi <strong>te</strong> pakos dolomitike deri<br />
400 m. me permbajtje <strong>te</strong> MgO nga 18-21 %. Trupa dolomitike me permbajtje mbi<br />
18% MgO jane takuar <strong>dhe</strong> ne rajonin e Borshit, <strong>te</strong> Kurbinit (Milot, Gjonem) <strong>te</strong> Krujes<br />
(Kodra e Shulsit, Zall) etj.<br />
• Dolomi<strong>te</strong>t kane vlere <strong>te</strong> veçan<strong>te</strong> si lende e pare zjarrduruse, me perdorim <strong>te</strong><br />
veçan<strong>te</strong> ne industrine e qelqit, a<strong>te</strong> kimike etj.<br />
• Si gelqeroret <strong>dhe</strong> dolomi<strong>te</strong>t <strong>te</strong> cilat kane veti dekorative <strong>te</strong> mire <strong>dhe</strong> bllokshmeri e<br />
veti fiziko-mekanike <strong>te</strong> pranueshme mund <strong>te</strong> perdoren me sukses <strong>dhe</strong> si gure<br />
dekorative ne fushen e ndertimit.<br />
•Pas vitit 1991 prodhimi i organizuar i gelqeroreve <strong>dhe</strong> i dolomi<strong>te</strong>ve u nderpre <strong>dhe</strong><br />
ka vazhduar me projek<strong>te</strong> <strong>te</strong> rregullta shfry<strong>te</strong>zimi ve<strong>te</strong>m ne karjeren e vendburimit<br />
Letaj per furnizimin me lende <strong>te</strong> pare <strong>te</strong> fabrikes se cimentos Elbasan.<br />
• Vi<strong>te</strong>t e fundit kane filluar <strong>te</strong> hapen disa karjera guresh gelqerore me licensa nga<br />
disa firma priva<strong>te</strong> <strong>te</strong> cilat duhet <strong>te</strong> shtohen , por duhet <strong>te</strong> disiplinohet shfry<strong>te</strong>zimi i<br />
ketyre lendeve <strong>te</strong> para me projek<strong>te</strong> shfry<strong>te</strong>zimi, per <strong>te</strong> shtuar sa me shume<br />
prodhimin e tyre duke mos prishur mjedisin ashtu sic esh<strong>te</strong> vepruar deri tani.
Vendburimi i dolomi<strong>te</strong>ve Dukat Vlore
Nga studimet gjeologjike <strong>te</strong> kryera jane zbuluar rreth<br />
• Rreth 60 vendburime objek<strong>te</strong> gelqeroresh duke <strong>dhe</strong>ne nje sasi rezervash<br />
prej mbi 492 milion ton, me perspektive <strong>te</strong> hapur per zgjerimin e tyre, <strong>te</strong><br />
cilat jane perdorur si lende e pare ne ndertim <strong>dhe</strong> infrastrukture per<br />
prodhimin e çimentos, gelqeres, iner<strong>te</strong>ve karbonatike si rere e çakell<br />
karbonatik <strong>dhe</strong> ne shume dege <strong>te</strong> tjera <strong>te</strong> industrise <strong>dhe</strong> bujqesise.<br />
• Mbi 33 vendburime <strong>dhe</strong> objek<strong>te</strong> dolomi<strong>te</strong>sh, travertinash, mergelesh e<br />
trepelesh ku jane zbuluar mbi 190 milion ton rezerva, nga <strong>te</strong> cilet me shume<br />
jane shfry<strong>te</strong>zuar dolomi<strong>te</strong>t ne sektoret e industrise ne Vlore e Elbasan me<br />
fushe <strong>te</strong> gjere perdorimi ne shume sektore <strong>te</strong> industrise <strong>dhe</strong> ndertimit etj.<br />
• Rreth 90 vendburime <strong>dhe</strong> objek<strong>te</strong> guresh dekorative karbonatike <strong>dhe</strong><br />
ofiolitike duke zbuluar rreth 370 milion m3 rezerva me perspektive <strong>te</strong> hapur<br />
per shtimin e tyre, <strong>te</strong> cilet deri tani shume pak jane vene ne sherbim <strong>te</strong><br />
ekonomise se tregut ne sektorin e ndertimit etj.
Guret dekorative karbonatike<br />
Jane <strong>te</strong> perhapur kryesisht ne zonen e Korabit, ne pjeset periferike <strong>te</strong> zones<br />
Mirdita. Ne zonen e Alpeve, Krasta-Cukali, Krujes <strong>dhe</strong> a<strong>te</strong> Jonike duke filluar nga<br />
Tropoja e Kukesi ne veri , duke vazhduar ne jug me Dibren, Bulqizen, Matin,<br />
Librazhdin, Pogradecin, Korcen, Kolonjen <strong>dhe</strong> zonat Lezhe, Kruje, Tirane, Elbasan,<br />
Lushnje, Vlore, Tepelene, Gjirokas<strong>te</strong>r e Sarande ne jug.<br />
Me shkembinj<strong>te</strong> karbonatike <strong>te</strong> Trias-Jures jane <strong>te</strong> lidhur shumica e vendburimeve<br />
<strong>dhe</strong> shfaqjeve dekorative <strong>te</strong> vendit si vendburimet e Muhurit, Gjurasit e Kovashices<br />
ne Diber, Shfaqja e Kolesjanit ne Kukes, Qaf Shtames ne Mat, Mirakes e Derstiles<br />
ne Elbasan, <strong>te</strong> Linit ne Pogradec, Malit <strong>te</strong> Tha<strong>te</strong> ne Devoll, disa shfaqje <strong>te</strong> rajoneve<br />
Shkoder, Malesi e Ma<strong>dhe</strong>, Tropoje etj.<br />
Me shkembinj<strong>te</strong> karbonatike <strong>te</strong> kretakut <strong>dhe</strong> kre<strong>te</strong> paleogenit <strong>te</strong> perhapur ne<br />
mbulesen kretake <strong>te</strong> zones se Mirdi<strong>te</strong>s <strong>dhe</strong> ne zonen Kruja jane <strong>te</strong> lidhur<br />
vendburimet e Lisit, shfaqjet e Qafe Kishes, Linosit e Burgajetit ne Mat, Munelles<br />
(Puke), Vithkuqit e Polenes (Korçe), Germenjit (Kolonje), Milotit, Laçit e Gjomenit<br />
(Kurbin) Mamurasit, Lumit <strong>te</strong> Drojes e Burizanes (Kruje) Zall Dajtit e Qaf Priskes<br />
(Tirane).
-Ne zonen Krasta takojme gelqeroret pllakore <strong>te</strong> Rasfikut (Mirdi<strong>te</strong>), Nuajit e<br />
Fekenit ne Kruje e Tirane <strong>te</strong> Malit <strong>te</strong> Rrases (Elbasan) si <strong>dhe</strong> gelqeroret<br />
konglomeratike <strong>te</strong> Tepes (Shkoder) Treshit, Spi<strong>te</strong>nit e Monatise (Lezhe).<br />
-Ne zonen Jonike kemi gelqeroret pllakore <strong>te</strong> Zhitomit (Berat) <strong>te</strong> Lazaratit,<br />
Derviçanit e Jergucatit (Gjirokas<strong>te</strong>r), <strong>te</strong> Muzines, Shkalles e <strong>te</strong> Sarandes ne<br />
Sarande, gelqeroret poroze <strong>te</strong> Kosoves (Lushnje) <strong>te</strong> Karaburunit (Vlore),<br />
dolomi<strong>te</strong>t e Borshit (Sarande) etj.<br />
Me veti dekorative shume <strong>te</strong> mira jane <strong>dhe</strong> guret dekorative, konglomeratike<br />
<strong>te</strong> Munelles (Puke), Pretushes (Pogradec), Bitinckes (Bilisht) etj.<br />
Ne vi<strong>te</strong>t 1950-1990 jane bere perpjekje relativisht <strong>te</strong> vogla duke<br />
perdorur guret dekorative <strong>te</strong> vendit per veshjen <strong>dhe</strong> shtrimin e disa<br />
nder<strong>te</strong>save kapitale si Pallatit <strong>te</strong> Kultures, Muzeut Historik, Ho<strong>te</strong>l<br />
Tiranes, Muzeut <strong>te</strong> “Skenderbeut” ne Kruje etj. por kane qene shume <strong>te</strong><br />
pakta ne krahasim me pasuri<strong>te</strong> qe ka vendi yne me gure dekorative.<br />
Ne vitin 1991 e<strong>dhe</strong> e vetmja miniere qe prodhon<strong>te</strong> blloqe mermeri, ajo e<br />
Gurit <strong>te</strong> kuq ne Muhur (Peshkopi) u mbyll <strong>dhe</strong> sot funksionojne me dhjetra<br />
karjera <strong>te</strong> hapura ne vende <strong>te</strong> ndryshme per shfry<strong>te</strong>zimin e gelqeroreve.
Harta formacionale skematike e Shqiperise me perhapjen e gureve<br />
dekorativ karbonatik
Pamje nga vendburimi i mermereve Muhur<br />
Vendburimi i gelqeroreve <strong>te</strong> mermerizuar Kovashice (punime nga karrjera e firmes<br />
Italiane ALBAMARMI)
Gelqerore pllakore <strong>te</strong> zones Jonike<br />
Vendburimi I gelqeroreve pllakore Dervican<br />
Gelqerore pllakore Jergucat
Gelqerore Mirake<br />
Vendburimi I gelqeroreve pllakore Rrasfik<br />
Pllaka <strong>te</strong> nxjerra nga vendburimi I<br />
gelqeroreve pllakore Dervican<br />
Pllaka me pamje <strong>te</strong> ndryshme (Rrasfik)
Blloqe <strong>te</strong> nxjerra nga<br />
vendburimi I gelqeroreve<br />
Tresh(Lezhe)<br />
Vendburimi I gelqeroreve<br />
dolomitik Milot(Kurbin)
SHKEMBINJTE DHE MINERALET INDUSTRIALE (JO METALORE)<br />
TE SHQIPERISE<br />
Te <strong>dhe</strong>na <strong>te</strong> pergjitheshme<br />
Albanidet bejne pjese ne sis<strong>te</strong>min e rrudhosur alpin ne degezimin e Dinarideve-<br />
Albanideve-Helenideve-Taurideve.<br />
Ne Albanidet nga lindja ne perendim veçohen keto zona gjeo<strong>te</strong>ktonike :<br />
Zonat e Korabit, Mirdi<strong>te</strong>s, Apeve, Kras<strong>te</strong> Cukalit, Krujes Jonike <strong>dhe</strong> Sazanit<br />
(Fig. 1).<br />
Mbesh<strong>te</strong>tur ne pozicionin qe zene Albanidet ne brezin e rrudhosur Alpin <strong>dhe</strong> ne<br />
volumin e madh <strong>te</strong> punimeve <strong>te</strong> kerkim-zbulimit <strong>te</strong> kryera ne vi<strong>te</strong>t 1950-2005 jane<br />
zbuluar dhje<strong>te</strong>ra vendburime <strong>te</strong> <strong>mineraleve</strong> <strong>te</strong> dobishme jo metalore (shkembinj <strong>dhe</strong><br />
minerale industriale) me rezerva <strong>te</strong> konsiderueshme qe se bashku me vendburimet<br />
metalore <strong>dhe</strong> ato energjitike perbejne pasurine minerale natyrore <strong>te</strong> Shqiperise.<br />
Krahas <strong>mineraleve</strong> metalore, per ekonomine e tregut jane <strong>te</strong> dobishem <strong>dhe</strong><br />
shume minerale jo metalore e shkembinj qe tashme quhen industriale. Mineralet<br />
industriale <strong>te</strong> njohur deri tani ne Shqiperi arrijne rreth 50. Me punimet <strong>dhe</strong> studimet<br />
gjeologjike per disa jane percaktuar rezervat gjeologjike <strong>dhe</strong> jane kryer e<strong>dhe</strong> studime<br />
<strong>te</strong>knologjike <strong>te</strong> pasurimit si per fosfori<strong>te</strong>t, grani<strong>te</strong>t etj.<br />
Objekti I travertinave Bushtrice (Librazhd)
Fosfori<strong>te</strong>t<br />
• Perhapjen me <strong>te</strong> ma<strong>dhe</strong> e kane ne shkembinj<strong>te</strong> karbonatike <strong>te</strong> zones<br />
Jonike ne rajonet e Tepelenes (Gusmarit), Gjirokastres (Fushe Bardha),<br />
Sarandes etj<br />
• Jane zbuluar rreth 12 vendburime fosfori<strong>te</strong>sh duke <strong>dhe</strong>ne 23 milion ton<br />
rezerva <strong>te</strong> cilat jane perdorur ne Bujqesi direkt, duke i bluar si <strong>dhe</strong> per<br />
prodhimin e plehrave fosfatike.<br />
• Para vitit 1990 jane shfry<strong>te</strong>zuar sasira <strong>te</strong> vogla fosfori<strong>te</strong>sh kryesisht ne<br />
vendburimet e Fushe Bar<strong>dhe</strong>s <strong>dhe</strong> Gusmarit <strong>te</strong> cilat perpunoheshin ne<br />
fabriken e pasurimit <strong>te</strong> fosfori<strong>te</strong>ve ne Memaliaj <strong>dhe</strong> perdoreshin per<br />
prodhimin e plehrave fosfatike ne uzinen e superfosfatit ne Laç.<br />
• Pas vitit 1991 prodhimi <strong>dhe</strong> perpunimi i tyre u nderpre, por duhet <strong>te</strong><br />
rifilloje ne nje <strong>te</strong> ardhme sa <strong>te</strong> aferm.
Argjilat - Jane nder mineralet me <strong>te</strong> perhapur <strong>dhe</strong> me shume vlere per ekonomine e<br />
tregut, ne disa dege <strong>te</strong> saj.<br />
Me punimet e kryera jane zbuluar <strong>dhe</strong> njihen disa lloje argjilash qe sipas perberjes,<br />
fushave <strong>te</strong> perdorimit etj. jane quajtur :<br />
•Argjilat bentoni<strong>te</strong> (tip Prenjasi) me fushe perdorimi ne naf<strong>te</strong><br />
• Argjilat e gresifikueshme (tip Alarupi) me fushe perdorimi ne qeramike,<br />
•Argjilat e bardha kaliumore (tip Tamare) me fusha perdorimi ne porcelan,<br />
•Argjilat ngjyrosese me fushe perdorimi ne industrine kimike <strong>dhe</strong><br />
•Argjilat per qeramiken e trashe per tu perdorur si lende e pare per prodhimin e tullave<br />
<strong>dhe</strong> <strong>te</strong> tjegullave.<br />
•Nga punimet e kryera jane zbuluar rreth 90 vendburime <strong>dhe</strong> objek<strong>te</strong>sh argjilash <strong>dhe</strong><br />
kaolinash <strong>te</strong> disa tipeve kaliumore,porcelanike, ceramike, bentonike ,miks<strong>te</strong> hidromikore<br />
karbonatike me 300 milion ton rezerva <strong>dhe</strong> disa miliona ton prognoze.<br />
•Nje pjese e tyre kane gjetur perdorim ne 27 fabrika tullash e pjeserisht tjegullash <strong>te</strong><br />
cilat pas vitit 1991 u mbyllen <strong>dhe</strong> kohet e fundit kane filluar <strong>te</strong> ringrihen si ne Lushnje<br />
<strong>dhe</strong> ne Vore me <strong>te</strong>knologji <strong>te</strong> perparuar per plo<strong>te</strong>simin e nevojave <strong>te</strong> vendit <strong>dhe</strong> per ti<br />
prere rrugen importit
Harta formacionale skematike e Shqipersie me<br />
perhapjen e argjilave, kaolinave <strong>dhe</strong> tufeve vullkanike
Rerat kuarcore <strong>dhe</strong> Kuarci<strong>te</strong>t<br />
- I takojme kryesisht ne pellgjet e Tiranes <strong>dhe</strong> Devollit duke formuar<br />
shtresa me trashesi mbi 10 m. gja<strong>te</strong>si qindra m. deri disa km.,<br />
• Ne rajonet e Tropojes <strong>dhe</strong> Kukesit jane zbuluar dy vendburime<br />
kuarci<strong>te</strong>sh respektivisht i Kerrnajes <strong>dhe</strong> Kallabakut etj.<br />
• Permbajtja e rerave kuarcore esh<strong>te</strong> mbi 80 % SiO2 , rreth 10 % Al2O3<br />
<strong>dhe</strong> deri 1.5% Fe2O3, ku me nje pasurim <strong>te</strong> thjesh<strong>te</strong> mund <strong>te</strong> perdoren<br />
si lende e pare ndertimi <strong>dhe</strong> ne industrine e qelqit, kurse kurci<strong>te</strong>t me<br />
permbajtje mbi 95 % SiO2 perdoren me sukses ne industrine e qelqit,<br />
a<strong>te</strong> abrazive, fonderi etj.<br />
• Nga punimet e kryera jane zbuluar rreth 30 vendburime <strong>dhe</strong><br />
objek<strong>te</strong>sh kuarci, kuarci<strong>te</strong>sh,ranore kuarcore ku jane zbuluar 200<br />
milion ton rezerva <strong>te</strong> cilat pak jane perdorur ne industrine e qelqit <strong>dhe</strong><br />
a<strong>te</strong> abrazive.
Vendburimi i kuarci<strong>te</strong>ve Kernaje (Tropoje)
Gjipset <strong>dhe</strong> Anhidri<strong>te</strong>t<br />
•Takohen ne zonen <strong>te</strong>ktonike <strong>te</strong> Korabit nga llixhat e Peshkopise deri ne Radomire, ne<br />
Ul<strong>te</strong>siren bregdetare nga Durresi e Kavaja, ne Fier e Vlore, ne zonen e Dumrese <strong>dhe</strong> ne<br />
zonen Jonike (Kurvelesh etj.) gja<strong>te</strong> disa prishjeve <strong>te</strong>rthore e gja<strong>te</strong>sore.<br />
•Ne Mengaj, Sarande <strong>dhe</strong> Korab takohet <strong>dhe</strong> lloji strukturor alabas<strong>te</strong>r i punueshem si<br />
gure zbukurimi, ndersa ne Korab anhidridet, mbesh<strong>te</strong>tur ne veti<strong>te</strong> dekorative <strong>dhe</strong> veti<strong>te</strong><br />
fiziko-mekanike <strong>te</strong> mira duhet <strong>te</strong> vihen ne perdorim si gure dekorative.<br />
•Ne Korab <strong>dhe</strong> Dumre, Gjipset formojne masive <strong>te</strong> me<strong>dhe</strong>nj ne <strong>te</strong> cilet duhet <strong>te</strong> ngrihet<br />
industria e perpunimit <strong>te</strong> tyre per tu vene ne sherbim <strong>te</strong> ekonomise se tregut si<br />
per nevojat e vendit ashtu <strong>dhe</strong> per eksport.<br />
•Rezervat e zbuluara deri tani i kalojne 85 milion ton me CaSO42H2O = 88-98% ku deri<br />
tani jane shfry<strong>te</strong>zuar ve<strong>te</strong>m nje sasi e vogel ne afersi <strong>te</strong> Vlores per prodhimin e allçise<br />
<strong>dhe</strong> çimentos <strong>dhe</strong> ne afersi <strong>te</strong> Dumrese e Kavajes per çimento.
Vendburimi i Gips –Alabas<strong>te</strong>r Diber<br />
Vendburimi i Gips Alabas<strong>te</strong>r Delvine
Harta formacionale skematike e Shqiperise me<br />
perhapjen e fosfori<strong>te</strong>ve, gips-anhidri<strong>te</strong>ve <strong>dhe</strong> squfurit
Kripa e Gurit<br />
•Takohet ne rajonet e Kavajes (Mengaj, Tilje ) <strong>dhe</strong> Sarandes<br />
(Dhrovjan).<br />
•Me punimet e kryera jane zbuluar mbi 300 milion ton kripe guri<br />
me NaCl=76-82%.<br />
• Ne Mengaj <strong>dhe</strong> Dhrovjan deri ne vitin 1991 esh<strong>te</strong> shfry<strong>te</strong>zuar nje<br />
sasi e vogel nga keto rezerva <strong>te</strong> cilat pas vitit 1991 u nderprene<br />
punimet.<br />
•Nevojat per kripe plo<strong>te</strong>sohen <strong>dhe</strong> nga kriporet e detit sidomos<br />
ajo e Vlores.
Iner<strong>te</strong>t lumore<br />
•Jane studjuar <strong>dhe</strong> zbuluar rreth 52 vendburime <strong>dhe</strong> objek<strong>te</strong> iner<strong>te</strong>sh lumore<br />
(rera <strong>dhe</strong> zhavori) si <strong>dhe</strong> rere e cakell karbonatik pothuajse ne <strong>te</strong> gjithe lumenj<strong>te</strong><br />
e Shqiperise, duke llogaritur mbi 270 milion m3 rezerva <strong>te</strong> cilat jane shfry<strong>te</strong>zuar<br />
pa kri<strong>te</strong>r <strong>te</strong> shoqeruara e<strong>dhe</strong> me deme <strong>te</strong> konsiderushme ne mjedis <strong>dhe</strong><br />
ekonomi.<br />
•Eksperienca pas vitit 1990 ne sfry<strong>te</strong>zimin pa kri<strong>te</strong>r <strong>te</strong> lumenjve afer<br />
Tiranes(Tirana,Erzeni, Terkuza) bene qe nga Sherbimi Gjeologjik <strong>te</strong> merren<br />
disa projek<strong>te</strong> per vlersimin e demeve <strong>te</strong> shkaktuara ku si rezultat i tyre dolen<br />
e<strong>dhe</strong> disa vendime qeverie(2002,2003) por pamvaresisht nga to shfry<strong>te</strong>zimi<br />
vazhdon pa kri<strong>te</strong>r duke bere qe nje pjese e ketyre lumenjve kane kaluar ne<br />
shkembinjet rrenjesore.<br />
•Per ke<strong>te</strong> arsye duhet <strong>te</strong> nderpri<strong>te</strong>t shfry<strong>te</strong>zimi ne lumenj<strong>te</strong> <strong>dhe</strong> sektoret ku me<br />
vendim Qeverie esh<strong>te</strong> ndaluar <strong>dhe</strong> ne ato lumenj ku do <strong>te</strong> lejohet shfry<strong>te</strong>zimi <strong>te</strong><br />
punohet me projek<strong>te</strong> <strong>te</strong> rregullta shfry<strong>te</strong>zimi <strong>dhe</strong> riabilitimi.
Harta skematike e Shqiperise me perhapjen e iner<strong>te</strong>ve lumore
SHKEMBINJTE DHE MINERALET JO METALORE<br />
OFIOLITIKE<br />
Olivini<strong>te</strong>t<br />
• Jane <strong>te</strong> perhapur ne masivet ultrabazike kryesisht <strong>te</strong> brezit lindor <strong>dhe</strong><br />
me pak ne brezin perendimor.<br />
•Mund <strong>te</strong> perdoren si ma<strong>te</strong>riale refraktare kur jane <strong>te</strong> fresket <strong>dhe</strong> MgO esh<strong>te</strong> nga 46-<br />
48 %, por mund <strong>te</strong> perdoren <strong>dhe</strong> si gure dekorative kur kane bllokshmeri <strong>te</strong> mire.<br />
Xhami vullkanik<br />
•Lokalizohet ne kompleksin vullkanogjen <strong>te</strong> Mirdi<strong>te</strong>s qendrore kryesisht ne pjesen<br />
perendimore <strong>te</strong> malit <strong>te</strong> Munelles prej Mash<strong>te</strong>rkorit ne jug deri ne Lak Roshi ne veri.<br />
•Mund <strong>te</strong> perdoren me sukses si lende e pare ne industrine e çimentos <strong>dhe</strong> ne<br />
prodhimin e perlitit <strong>te</strong>knik.
Pamje nga karjera e shfry<strong>te</strong>zimit <strong>te</strong> olivini<strong>te</strong>ve Kalimash (masivi ultrabazik Kukes)
Magnezi<strong>te</strong>t<br />
-Jane zbuluar ne shkembinj<strong>te</strong> ultrabazike <strong>te</strong> lidhura me peridoti<strong>te</strong>t e serpentinizuara ne<br />
disa masive <strong>te</strong> vendit tone.<br />
•I vetmi vendburim me llogaritje rezervat esh<strong>te</strong> ai i Gomsiqes si <strong>dhe</strong> jane gjetur disa<br />
shfaqje ne rajonin e Pukes ( Lovrushk e Korthpule), <strong>te</strong> Bulqizes ( Shahinaj, Shengjun e<br />
Luçane), daljet ne pellgun e Devollit ne Gramsh etj. <strong>te</strong> cilat perbejne fusha kerkimi per<br />
magnezi<strong>te</strong>t.<br />
Grani<strong>te</strong>t<br />
• Ne Shqiperi njihen disa masive e dalje <strong>te</strong> vogla graniti ( Trokuze, Lovrushk, Fierze,<br />
Radomire, Peladhi etj ) ku deri me sot graniti i masivit <strong>te</strong> Levrushkut perfaqeson nje<br />
lende <strong>te</strong> pare minerale kuarc feldshpatike me fushe perdorimi ne industrine e qelqit <strong>dhe</strong><br />
<strong>te</strong> qeramikes.<br />
• Me sukses mund <strong>te</strong> perdoren <strong>dhe</strong> si gure dekorative nga me <strong>te</strong> bukrit <strong>dhe</strong> me <strong>te</strong> fortit<br />
kur formojne blloqe <strong>te</strong> ma<strong>dhe</strong>sise mbi 1-2 m3 <strong>dhe</strong> kane rezerva <strong>te</strong> konsiderueshme. Si<br />
<strong>te</strong> tille mund <strong>te</strong> permendim plagjiograni<strong>te</strong>t e Lak Roshit <strong>te</strong> zones se Mirdi<strong>te</strong>s.<br />
•Para vitit 1990 esh<strong>te</strong> prodhuar nje sasi e vogel graniti si <strong>dhe</strong> esh<strong>te</strong> ngritur nje impjant<br />
perpunimi ne Tirane i cili tani nuk funksionon
Vendburimi i magnezi<strong>te</strong>ve Gomsiqe
Guret dekorative ofiolitike<br />
• Jane <strong>te</strong> perhapur ne zonen e Mirdi<strong>te</strong>s duke filluar nga Tropoja e Kukesi ne veri deri ne<br />
Korçe e Kolonje ne jug<br />
•Deri tani jane studjuar vendburimi i olivini<strong>te</strong>ve ne Kalimash (Kukes), troktoli<strong>te</strong>ve<br />
Shkopet (Mat), Dragostun (Librazhd) si <strong>dhe</strong> disa objek<strong>te</strong> <strong>te</strong> gureve dekorative ofiolitike <strong>te</strong><br />
lidhur me shkembinj<strong>te</strong> troktoli<strong>te</strong>, piroksenitike, plagjiogranitike e dunitike ne rajonet ne<br />
Tropojes, Pukes, Mirdi<strong>te</strong>s, Matit,Dibres,Elbasanit etj.<br />
•Guret dekorative ofiolitike kane veti dekorative shume <strong>te</strong> mira <strong>dhe</strong> jane shume <strong>te</strong><br />
rezistueshem per veshje e shtrim brenda <strong>dhe</strong> jash<strong>te</strong> objek<strong>te</strong>ve.<br />
•Me troktoli<strong>te</strong>t e Dragostunit (Librazhd) esh<strong>te</strong> veshur pjesa e posh<strong>te</strong>me e Muzeut<br />
Historik Kombetar etj. Keto gure dekorative ofiolitike <strong>te</strong> quajtur <strong>dhe</strong> guret jeshile jane<br />
shume <strong>te</strong> preferuar per tu perdorur ne ndertim ne kohen e sotme.<br />
•Nga punime<strong>te</strong> kryera jane evidentuar mbi 20 vendburime guresh dekorative ofiolitike<br />
me mbi 70 milion m3 rezerva <strong>te</strong> cilat perbejne nje pasuri qe duhet <strong>te</strong> vihet ne dispozicion<br />
<strong>te</strong> ekonomise per <strong>te</strong> plo<strong>te</strong>suar nevojat ne vend, por e<strong>dhe</strong> per eksport, per ti prere<br />
plo<strong>te</strong>sisht rrugen importit.
Pamje nga vendburimi i plagjiograni<strong>te</strong>ve Lak Roshi ( Puke)
-Bazal<strong>te</strong>t<br />
- Jane <strong>te</strong> perhapur ne zonen <strong>te</strong>ktonike Mirdita nga veriu ne rajonin e Kukesit (Vauspas-<br />
Kostur-Helshan), ne Puke ( Kabash, Fushe Arrez, Lumbar<strong>dhe</strong>, Gjegjan ),ne Mirdi<strong>te</strong> (<br />
Kaçinar, Spaç, Prosek, Bardhaj, Lekunde, Rubik-Ungrenj ) <strong>dhe</strong> Korçe e Kolonje (<br />
Vithkuq-Lubonje-Stra<strong>te</strong>ber<strong>dhe</strong>).<br />
Studime gjeologjike <strong>dhe</strong> punime kerkimi jane kryer <strong>dhe</strong> per gelqeroret <strong>dhe</strong><br />
•Mbesh<strong>te</strong>tur dolomi<strong>te</strong>t, argjilat, ne treguesit kaolinat, fiziko-mekanike kuarci<strong>te</strong>t e rerat e kimike kuarcore, keto gjips shkembinj anhidri<strong>te</strong>t, jane squfurin <strong>te</strong> vetmit e qe kriperat,<br />
plo<strong>te</strong>sojne shkembinj<strong>te</strong> kushtin copezore <strong>te</strong>knik per (iner<strong>te</strong>t tu perdorur lumore), si guret lende dekorative iner<strong>te</strong> ofiolitike karbonatike per bazamen<strong>te</strong> <strong>dhe</strong> ofiolitike,<br />
aeropor<strong>te</strong>sh, olivini<strong>te</strong>t, xhamin por<strong>te</strong>sh, vullkanik, linjash magnezi<strong>te</strong>t, hekurudhore, bari<strong>te</strong>t, autostradash feldshpatin, etj. duke albitofiret, zevendesuar pirofili<strong>te</strong>t, talkun,<br />
plo<strong>te</strong>sisht lenden iner<strong>te</strong> fluoritin <strong>te</strong> lumenjve <strong>dhe</strong> shkembinj<strong>te</strong> <strong>dhe</strong> a<strong>te</strong> karbonatike ofiolitike bazaltike qe perdoret etj. tani per tani duke<br />
rendur pas fitimit ne kurriz <strong>te</strong> cilesise se infrastruktures.<br />
Per shumicen e ketyre <strong>mineraleve</strong> industriale me punimet e kryera jane<br />
•Ne llogaritur shkalle <strong>dhe</strong> vendi rezervat rezervat gjeologjike e bazal<strong>te</strong>ve e industriale i kalojne duke mbi 1 u miliard bere <strong>te</strong> ton, ga<strong>te</strong>shme por rendesi per tu e vene veçan<strong>te</strong> ne<br />
u duhet kushtuar studimit <strong>te</strong> shkembinjve sherbim <strong>te</strong> ekonimise bazaltik afer se tregut. rrugeve automobilistike <strong>dhe</strong><br />
qendrave <strong>te</strong> medha urbane si ato <strong>te</strong> Rubikut etj. si <strong>dhe</strong> shkembinjve <strong>te</strong> tjere magmatike<br />
me karak<strong>te</strong>ristika <strong>te</strong> ngjashme me bazal<strong>te</strong>t.<br />
•Me rezervat e medha qe kemi me lende bazaltike <strong>te</strong> shperndara nga veriu ne jug<br />
plo<strong>te</strong>sohen jo ve<strong>te</strong>m kerkesat e brendeshme <strong>te</strong> vendit por shtohet <strong>dhe</strong> nje ze i ri ne<br />
eksport.
Harta skematike formacionale e Shqiperise me perhapjen e gureve<br />
dekorative ofiolitik <strong>dhe</strong> bazal<strong>te</strong>ve
P E R F U N D I M E<br />
Shqiperia esh<strong>te</strong> e pasur me minerale industriale ( jo metalore), Ato perbejne<br />
nje pasuri <strong>te</strong> ma<strong>dhe</strong> qe duhet vene ne sherbim <strong>te</strong> ekonomise se tregut.<br />
Perdorimi sa me i madh i <strong>mineraleve</strong> industriale ne ekonomine e tregut ka<br />
rendesi sepse i sherben fuqizimit <strong>te</strong> ekonomise.<br />
Çdo mineral jo metalore ka rendesine e tij <strong>te</strong> veçan<strong>te</strong>, por me shume rendesi<br />
jane ato qe kane rezerva shume <strong>te</strong> medha <strong>dhe</strong> fusha perdorimi <strong>te</strong> shumta si :<br />
gelqeroret <strong>dhe</strong> dolomi<strong>te</strong>t, argjilat, gjipset <strong>dhe</strong> anhidri<strong>te</strong>t, guret dekorative <strong>te</strong> <strong>te</strong><br />
gjitha llojeve, bazal<strong>te</strong>t etj. pa lene menjane <strong>dhe</strong> olivini<strong>te</strong>t, kaolinat, xhamin<br />
vullkanik, grani<strong>te</strong>t, fosfori<strong>te</strong>t etj.<br />
Me pasuri<strong>te</strong> e medha qe kemi me gelqerore e dolomi<strong>te</strong>, argjila <strong>dhe</strong> gure<br />
dekorative <strong>te</strong> <strong>te</strong> gjitha llojeve ne çdo rreth duhet <strong>te</strong> hapen kariera per<br />
prodhimin e lendeve <strong>te</strong> para <strong>te</strong> ndertimit duke filluar nga iner<strong>te</strong>t karbonatike (<br />
rere e çakell ) deri <strong>te</strong>k guret dekorative etj, duke ngritur <strong>dhe</strong> fabrika çimentoje,<br />
tullash etj, <strong>te</strong> reja sa me afer lendes se pare per <strong>te</strong> plo<strong>te</strong>suar jo ve<strong>te</strong>m nevojat<br />
e medha <strong>te</strong> lendeve <strong>te</strong> para <strong>te</strong> ndertimit e industrise ne vend, por e<strong>dhe</strong> per <strong>te</strong><br />
dale ne eksport me keto lende <strong>te</strong> para.
- R E K O M A N D I M E<br />
Mbesh<strong>te</strong>tur ne pasuri<strong>te</strong> e medha qe ka vendi yne me shkembinj <strong>dhe</strong> minerale<br />
industriale, ne nevojat qe kane pothuaj <strong>te</strong> gjithe sektoret e industrise, ndertimit,<br />
bujqesise etj. per keto lende <strong>te</strong> para rekomandojme :<br />
•Te vazhdojne studimet gjeologjike per shtimin e <strong>rezervave</strong> <strong>dhe</strong> <strong>te</strong> rri<strong>te</strong>t shfry<strong>te</strong>zimi i<br />
shkembinjve gelqerore, dolomi<strong>te</strong>ve, shkembinjve argjilore, argjilave <strong>te</strong> <strong>te</strong> gjitha llojeve,<br />
kaolinave e tufeve, mergeleve, trepeleve, travertinave, shkembinjve kuarcore (kuarcit,<br />
ranoreve e rerave kuarcore) etj. duke rritur shkallen e perdorimit <strong>te</strong> tyre ne shume dege<br />
<strong>te</strong> industrise, ndertimit etj. sidomos ne ngritjen e fabrikave <strong>te</strong> reja <strong>te</strong> çimentos, prodhimit<br />
industrial <strong>te</strong> gelqeres, duke hequr dore nga prodhimi artizanal i saj i shoqeruar me deme<br />
ne pyje <strong>dhe</strong> mjedis, ndertimit <strong>te</strong> fabrikave <strong>te</strong> tullave, tjegullave, tullave silika<strong>te</strong>,per<br />
fajance, qeramike, qelq etj.<br />
•Te fu<strong>te</strong>t ne shkalle me <strong>te</strong> gjere prodhimi i iner<strong>te</strong>ve karbonatike (rere e çakell karbonatik)<br />
per tu perdorur ne ndertim si mase per <strong>te</strong> rritur cilesine ne ndertime, futje ne perdorim<br />
<strong>dhe</strong> prodhim industrial i bojrave <strong>te</strong> <strong>dhe</strong>ut etj.
2- Te vazhdojne studimet gjeologjike per shtimin e <strong>rezervave</strong> <strong>te</strong> fosfori<strong>te</strong>ve si nje lende e<br />
pare shume e dobishme per zhvillimin e bujqesise etj. per ta perdorur jo ve<strong>te</strong>m direkt <strong>te</strong><br />
bluar duke ia hedhur tokes, por e<strong>dhe</strong> duke prodhuar ne industri plehra fosfatike.<br />
Rendesi u duhet kushtuar <strong>dhe</strong> vleresimit e shtimit <strong>te</strong> <strong>rezervave</strong> <strong>te</strong> fosfori<strong>te</strong>ve<br />
uranmbaj<strong>te</strong>se.<br />
3- Gjipset, anhidri<strong>te</strong>t <strong>dhe</strong> kriperat perbejne nje pasuri deri tani me rezerva disa qindra<br />
milione ton <strong>dhe</strong> resurse mbi dhjetra miliard ton, <strong>te</strong> cilat me gjithe gamen e gjere <strong>te</strong><br />
perdorimit ne shume dege <strong>te</strong> ekonomise, jane shfry<strong>te</strong>zuar shume pak ose mund <strong>te</strong> themi<br />
aspak.<br />
Me gjipset e zones se Peshkopise mund <strong>te</strong> ngrihen disa kombina<strong>te</strong> si ai i Dibres se<br />
Ma<strong>dhe</strong>, per <strong>te</strong> prodhuar e perpunuar lenden e pare <strong>te</strong> gjipsit jo ve<strong>te</strong>m per <strong>te</strong> plo<strong>te</strong>suar <strong>te</strong><br />
gjitha nevojat e vendit por per <strong>te</strong> dale <strong>dhe</strong> ne eksport.<br />
Kombina<strong>te</strong> <strong>te</strong> tille <strong>te</strong> perpunimit <strong>te</strong> gjipsit mund <strong>te</strong> ngrihen <strong>dhe</strong> ne zonen e Dumrese e ne<br />
Diapiret e gjipseve <strong>te</strong> tjere <strong>te</strong> zones Jonike, pa lene menjane <strong>dhe</strong> Anhidritin <strong>dhe</strong><br />
Alabastrin per ti perdorur si gure shume <strong>te</strong> bukur dekorative e artistike.
4- Guret dekorative karbonatike <strong>dhe</strong> ofiolitike jane gjithashtu nje pasuri e ma<strong>dhe</strong> qe<br />
duhet vleresuar me <strong>te</strong>j per <strong>te</strong> rritur prodhimin e tyre ne karjera deri ne marketingun<br />
perfundimtar, prodhimin e pllakave etj. me <strong>te</strong> cilat jo ve<strong>te</strong>m mund <strong>te</strong> plo<strong>te</strong>sohen <strong>te</strong> gjitha<br />
nevojat e sektorit <strong>te</strong> ndertimit etj. ne vend por mund <strong>te</strong> dilet <strong>dhe</strong> ne eksport.<br />
5- E<strong>dhe</strong> iner<strong>te</strong>t lumore jane studjuar e vleresuar nga Sherbimi Gjeologjik si pasuri e<br />
dobishme per tu vene ne sherbim <strong>te</strong> ekonomise sidomos ne ndertim, por duke e<br />
shfry<strong>te</strong>zuar me kri<strong>te</strong>r, me projek<strong>te</strong> <strong>te</strong>knike shfry<strong>te</strong>zimi pa shkaktuar deme ne mjedis <strong>dhe</strong><br />
ekonomi. Per keto arsye <strong>te</strong> ulet ne minimum shfry<strong>te</strong>zimi i iner<strong>te</strong>ve lumore <strong>dhe</strong> <strong>te</strong> kalohet<br />
ne shfry<strong>te</strong>zimin e reres e çakellit karbonatik <strong>dhe</strong> agrega<strong>te</strong>ve shkembore karbonatike<br />
(rere e çakell karbonatik) per <strong>te</strong> rritur cilesine ne ndertime <strong>dhe</strong> per <strong>te</strong> shpetuar shtre<strong>te</strong>rit<br />
e lumenjve nga prishja e degradimi i tyre ime<strong>te</strong>jshem.<br />
6- Te vazhdojne studimet e <strong>kerkimit</strong> per mineralet e tjere industriale <strong>te</strong> lidhur me<br />
shkembinj<strong>te</strong> ofiolitike si olivini<strong>te</strong>t, xhamet vullkanike, magnezi<strong>te</strong>t, feldshpa<strong>te</strong>t, albitofiret,<br />
pirofiliti e guret e talkut, bariti etj. <strong>te</strong> cilet perdoren ne shume dege <strong>te</strong> industrise, <strong>te</strong><br />
kryhen studime e eksperimentime deri industriale <strong>te</strong>knologjike per pasurimin <strong>dhe</strong> futjen e<br />
tyre ne perdorim ne shkalle <strong>te</strong> gjere per zhvillimin e ekonomise.
7- Bazal<strong>te</strong>t <strong>dhe</strong> shkembinj<strong>te</strong> bazaltike perbejne nje lende <strong>te</strong> pare nga me cilesoret per<br />
perdorimin e tyre ne infrastrukture. Resurset e tyre i kalojne qindra milione tone, <strong>te</strong><br />
perhapur nga veriu ne jug.<br />
Per <strong>te</strong> rritur cilesine ne infrastrukture ne ndertimin e aeropor<strong>te</strong>ve, por<strong>te</strong>ve, autostradave<br />
etj. duhet <strong>te</strong> heqim dore nga perdorimi I iner<strong>te</strong>ve lumore, iner<strong>te</strong>ve karbonatike <strong>dhe</strong> aq me<br />
keq shtufeve <strong>dhe</strong> <strong>te</strong> kalojne ne futjen ne perdorim <strong>te</strong> bazal<strong>te</strong>ve, shkembinjve bazaltike<br />
<strong>dhe</strong> shkembinjve <strong>te</strong> tjere magmatike me karak<strong>te</strong>ristika <strong>te</strong> aferta.<br />
Te mesojme e perfitojme nga eksperienca bo<strong>te</strong>rore qe per ndertime speciale sh<strong>te</strong><strong>te</strong>t qe<br />
nuk kane lende <strong>te</strong> pare bazaltike e importojne, ndersa ne e kemi <strong>dhe</strong> vazhdojme <strong>te</strong><br />
shtrojme aeropor<strong>te</strong>, autostrada etj. me iner<strong>te</strong> lumore apo rere e çakell karbonatik qe nuk<br />
plo<strong>te</strong>sojne treguesit cilesore per tu vene ne bazamentin e ketyre ndertimeve.
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