30 • 2009 - Dve domovini / Two Homelands - ZRC SAZU

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Duška Knežević Hočevar, Sanja Cukut, Majda Černič Istenič supposed to be a “uniform mass of actors who interact with such a type of a uniform mass of actors of an external Other” (Šumi 2000: 178). A similar supposition is implicitly involved in the international research project FEMAGE. In the beginning, the researchers designed the project as a comparative study of female migrants. Therefore, a requirement for comparability led the partners to focus on selected groups of female immigrants, who had to be comparable by their declared ethnic affiliation in some European states. Yet the groups of persons who are residents of the states included in the internationally comparable project, but are not residents of at least two of them, were a priori excluded from the research. In this respect, the debate among project partners about a “suitable research sample” of immigrants was illustrative. The first difficulty appeared in the selection of the Bosniacs as a representative group of female immigrants from Bosnia and Herzegovina, who live in Slovenia and Austria. Yet declared Serbs and Croats, who also emigrated from Bosnia and Herzegovina, also live in both countries. The criterion of declared ethnicity is not problematic only in the view of the inclusion or exclusion of certain groups of people. Such a criterion also binds together people into a uniform mass of carriers of a given culture, simply because they officially stated their collective affiliation. The same holds true for the measurement of the acceptance of foreigners by the “domestic” population. At the very beginning, the questionnaire offered an open-ended question, which read: “When we speak of foreigners in our country which groups do you think of?” A careful reader cannot overlook the suggestive nature of the question that refers to a “group of people” who share a quality of foreignness. Successive questions also talked about foreigners or immigrants as a uniform mass of people assessed by the interviewees through the statements on their acceptance of foreigners, which was measured by researchers. In this way, the researchers offered limited answers on a scale of more or less generosity towards abstract groups of people. In this respect, the second phase of research, grounded in the collection of life histories of female immigrants, was more promising. Despite the limited presentation in this essay of only those parts of immigrants’ stories which referred to their own experiences of “rejection” by the “new environment”, the latter did not prove to be a quality of the “domestic population” alone. It was also the consequence of unsuitable and ineffective state mechanisms regulating immigrants’ position in the “new environment”. From this perspective, one can agree with those scholars who emphasise that the members of diversely imagined groups are primarily the participators in such groups and not only their carriers. It is assumed that participators “continuously create (negotiate) meaning” (Šumi 2000: 178) about the content of “culture” through their social actions, rather than just carrying it from generation to generation. In this view, the locus of observation of the boundary between such groups is shifted from the observation of the static delineation between a priori defined groups to the observation of activities among the participators in a given group. Finally, a shifted perspective enables an explanation of continuously newly determined boundaries. Or, to put it with the loosely defined notion of intercultural dialogue: despite a schematically defined exchange of views and ideas 46
Intercultural dialogue between lip service and practice between individuals and groups with various ethnic, cultural, religious and linguistic backgrounds, intercultural dialogue still presupposes a sustainable process of “a deeper understanding of diverse world views and practices, to increase co-operation and participation in order to make choices”. REFERENCES Article 6 of the Treaty on European Union (consolidated version), http://www.europarl. europa.eu/hearings/20000222/libe/art6/default_en.htm?textMode=on (10 April 2009). Cukut, Sanja (2008). Ženske kot akterke migracijskih procesov. Prisilne priseljenke iz Bosne in Hercegovine v Sloveniji (Women as Actors in Migration Processes Female Forced Migrants from Bosnia and Herzegovina in Slovenia). Glasnik SED, 48 (3, 4): 71–78. Černič Istenič, Majda, Knežević Hočevar, Duška (2006). Ali so stališča prebivalcev evropskih držav do priseljencev povezana s stališči, ki se nanašajo na odnose med spoloma, rodnostno vedenje in vrednotenje otrok? (Are the attitudes of Europeans towards immigrants related to their attitudes towards gender roles, fertility behaviour and the meaning of children?) Dve domovini, 24: 21–46. Decision No 1983/2006/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2006 concerning the European Year of Intercultural Dialogue (2008), http://eurlex. europa.eu/LexUriServ/site/en/oj/2006/l_412/l_41220061230en00440050.pdf (30 March 2009). Green Paper (2005). Confronting demographic change: a new solidarity between the generations. Brussels: Commission of the European Communities (COM 94 final), http://eurlex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/site/en/com/2005/com2005_0094en01.pdf (30 March 2009). Ehrenreich Barbara, Hochschild Arlie Russell (ed.) (2003). Global Woman: Nannies, Maids and Sex Workers in the New Economy. London: Granta Books. Hrženjak, Majda (2007). Nevidno delo (Invisible work). Ljubljana: Mirovni inštitut, Inštitut za sodobne družbene in politične študije. Kofman, Eleonore, Phizacklea, Annie, Raghuram, Parvati, Sales, Rosemary (2000). Gender and International Migration in Europe: Employment, Welfare and Politics. London, New York: Routledge. National Strategy for Implementing European Year of Intercultural Dialogue (2008), http:// www.mk.gov.si/fileadmin/mk.gov.si/pageuploads/min_eng/intercultural_Dialogue/ National_Strategy_for_implementing_EYID_Slovenia.doc (8 April 2009). Pajnik Mojca, Bajt Veronika, Zupanc Saša (2006). Policies Affecting Female Migrants: Report on Key Informant Interviews in Slovenia – Working Paper No. 8, WP2, http://www.femipol.uni-frankfurt.de/docs/working_papers/wp2/Slovenia.pdf, (21 April 2009). 47
Page 1 and 2: 3 0 • 2 0 0 9 Izdaja Inštitut za
Page 3 and 4: VSEBINA • CONTENTS RAZPRAVE IN Č
Page 5: R A Z P R A V E I N Č L A N K I E
Page 8 and 9: Marko Valenta v norveška družbena
Page 10 and 11: Marko Valenta There are several oth
Page 12 and 13: Marko Valenta informants were more
Page 14 and 15: Marko Valenta The informant indicat
Page 16 and 17: Marko Valenta The link between refu
Page 18 and 19: Marko Valenta other, more active an
Page 20 and 21: Marko Valenta their opportunities f
Page 22 and 23: Marko Valenta emotional and social
Page 24 and 25: Marko Valenta respect to refugees
Page 26 and 27: Marko Valenta gration of Refugees f
Page 28 and 29: Marko Valenta vzpostavljanja poveza
Page 30 and 31: Duška Knežević Hočevar, Sanja C
Page 51 and 52: VZPOSTAVLJANJE LOKALNOSTI IN LASTNI
Page 53 and 54: Vzpostavljanje lokalnosti in lastni
Page 57 and 58: ZEMLJA/KTIMA/TOKA Vzpostavljanje lo
Page 69 and 70: BIOGRAFSKI NARATIVNI INTERVJU: APLI
Page 71 and 72: Biografski narativni intervju: Apli
Page 79 and 80: Tabela 1: Faze biografskega narativ
Page 89: Biografski narativni intervju: Apli
Page 92 and 93: Vanja Huzjan emigrira čez Atlantik
Page 94 and 95: Vanja Huzjan pripoveduje, tistega,
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Vanja Huzjan Avtoritarnost starega
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Vanja Huzjan O.: Ker veš ta, to ni
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Vanja Huzjan Fotografija 1: Teta Ve
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Vanja Huzjan Fotografija 3: Tilka
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Vanja Huzjan interpretirala kot nes
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Vanja Huzjan recimo… za to drugo
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Vanja Huzjan ske neodvisnosti. V Pa
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Vanja Huzjan po čim manj sporni pr
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Vanja Huzjan Milharčič Hladnik, M
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PISATELJ MED DVEMA DOMOVINAMA: LOUI
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Pisatelj med dvema domovinama: Loui
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PADLI ČLANI SLOVENSKE NARODNE PODP
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Padli člani Slovenske narodne podp
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Irena Gantar Godina predstavilo ži
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Irena Gantar Godina V Veliki Britan
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Irena Gantar Godina univerzah prija
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Irena Gantar Godina Najbolj jasno j
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Irena Gantar Godina ki sta študij
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Irena Gantar Godina konservatorij.
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Irena Gantar Godina za študente, u
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Irena Gantar Godina Aktualna vpraš
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Irena Gantar Godina 172 LITERATURA:
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Irena Gantar Godina as privatists a
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Rebeka Mesarić Žabčić, Marina P
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SODELOVANJE SLOVENSKIH OSNOVNIH ŠO
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Sodelovanje slovenskih osnovnih šo
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»ODPLAVLJANJE NA CELINE«, NADIŠK
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»Odplavljanje na celine«, Nadišk
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»Odplavljanje na celine«, Nadišk
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K N J I Ž N E O C E N E B O O K R
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Knjižne ocene Jure Gombač piše t
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Knjižne ocene Silva Plut (ur.), 50
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Knjižne ocene imelo razumevanja za
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30 • 2009 - Dve domovini / Two Homelands - ZRC SAZU

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