áúðчðть - Xakep Online
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ñõåìà âçàèìîäåéñòâèÿ êîìïîíåíòîâ ïî÷òîâîé ñèñòåìû<br />
mutt â ðåæèìå ïðîñìîòðà ïèñåì<br />
# cd /usr/ports/mail/p5-Mail-SpamAssassin<br />
# make install clean<br />
Åñëè òû õî÷åøü çàùèòèòü ñâîþ ïåðåïèñêó èëè, ïî êðàéíåé ìåðå, ïðîâåðÿòü/ïîäòâåðæäàòü<br />
àóòåíòè÷íîñòü ñîîáùåíèé, òåáå ïîíàäîáèòñÿ GnuPG.<br />
# cd /usr/ports/security/gnupg<br />
# make install clean<br />
Çàáåãàÿ âïåðåä, ñêàæó, ÷òî mutt óìååò îòîáðàæàòü âëîæåíèÿ íè÷óòü íå<br />
õóæå, ÷åì The BAT'û è Outlook'è, âûçûâàÿ ñòîðîííèå ïðîãðàììû äëÿ îáðàáîòêè<br />
àòòà÷à â çàâèñèìîñòè îò åãî MIME-òèïà. Òàê, äëÿ ïðîñìîòðà M$<br />
Word-ôàéëîâ íàì ïîíàäîáèòñÿ antiword — ïî ñóòè, ïðåîáðàçîâàòåëü<br />
.doc â .txt:<br />
# cd /usr/ports/textproc/antiword<br />
# make install clean<br />
Íèêàê íå îáîéòèñü è áåç ïîèñêà ïî áåçäîííûì ïàïêàì ïî÷òîâîãî ÿùèêà.<br />
 Maildir'å î÷åíü õîðîøî èùåò mairix. Óòèëèòà ñîçäàåò âèðòóàëüíóþ ïàïêó,<br />
â êîòîðóþ ñêëàäûâàåò ðåçóëüòàòû ïîèñêà. Î÷åíü óäîáíî.<br />
# cd /usr/ports/mail/mairix<br />
# make install clean<br />
Íó è, ðàçóìååòñÿ, ñî÷èíÿòü ïèñüìà ìû áóäåì â ñâîåì ëþáèìîì òåêñòîâîì<br />
ðåäàêòîðå. Ýòî äåëî ëè÷íîãî âêóñà êàæäîãî. ß èñïîëüçóþ vim.<br />
[ãîòîâèì!] Ñîáðàâ è ðàçëîæèâ ïî ïîëêàì èíãðåäèåíòû, íà÷èíàåì ãîòîâèòü.<br />
Íà÷íåì c «îñíîâû îñíîâ» — êîíôèãóðàöèîííîãî ôàéëà Mutt. Ñàìûé<br />
ðàñïðîñòðàíåííûé ìåòîä — çàíåñòè âñå îïöèè â êîíôèã ~/.muttrc.<br />
Ýòî íåóäîáíî ïî íåñêîëüêèì ïðè÷èíàì, ãëàâíàÿ èç êîòîðûõ — êàê ñëåäóåò<br />
íàñòðîåííûé mutt èìååò êîíôèã ðàçìåðîì â íåñêîëüêî äåñÿòêîâ<br />
êèëîáàéò, èñêàòü è ïðàâèòü íóæíóþ îïöèþ â ýòîì ñëó÷àå íå ñàìîå âåñåëîå<br />
ðàçâëå÷åíèå. ß ïðåäïî÷èòàþ ëîãè÷åñêè ðàçäåëèòü íàñòðîéêó êëèåíòà<br />
íà íåñêîëüêî êîíôèãîâ è ïîäêëþ÷àòü èõ â ãëàâíûé ôàéë.  ýòîì ñëó-<br />
÷àå óäîáíåå ñîçäàòü ïàïêó ~/.mutt, à â íåé — muttrc (áåç òî÷êè).<br />
Íàñòðîéêà mutt — äëèòåëüíûé, íî ïðèÿòíûé ïðîöåññ :). Ïî÷èòûâàÿ äîêóìåíòàöèþ,<br />
òû îòêðûâàåøü äëÿ ñåáÿ âñå íîâûå îïöèè, è âñå áîëüøå íàñòðàèâàåøü<br />
êëèåíò ïî ñâîåìó âêóñó. Òå æå, êòî íå ëþáèò ÷èòàòü äîêóìåíòàöèþ,<br />
ìîãóò íàéòè íà íàøåì äèñêå ïîëíîñòüþ îòòî÷åííûå êîíôèãè, êîòîðûìè<br />
ÿ ïîëüçóþñü êàæäûé äåíü. Çäåñü æå ïðèâåäó îñíîâíûå îïöèè ñ<br />
êîììåíòàðèÿìè, áåç êîòîðûõ íå îáîéòèñü.<br />
Ñèëà mutt — â åãî êîíôèãàõ. Ñèíòàêñèñ îñíîâíîãî êîíôèãóðàöèîííîãî ôàéëà<br />
èìååò âèä: set name[=value]. Ýòîò êîíôèã áóäåò ñîäåðæàòü òîëüêî ãëàâíûå îïöèè,<br />
êîòîðûå âðÿä ëè ïðèäåòñÿ ÷àñòî ìåíÿòü. Ïåðåìåííàÿ name, â çàâèñèìîñòè<br />
îò îïöèè, ìîæåò áûòü ñòðîêîé, ëèáî ïåðåìåííîé âèäà yes|no, à òàêæå<br />
ask-[yes|no], â ýòîì ñëó÷àå êëèåíò áóäåò çàïðàøèâàòü ïîäòâåðæäåíèå íà<br />
ÐÀÇÁÈÐÀÅÌÑß Ñ ÒÅÐÌÈÍÎËÎÃÈÅÉ<br />
Ïî÷òîâûé êëèåíò ñîêðàùåííî íàçûâàþò MUA (Mail User Agent).<br />
Ïî àíàëîãèè ïî÷òîâûé ñåðâåð íàçûâàþò MTA (Mail Transfer<br />
Agent). Ïðîãðàììà æå, çàíèìàþùàÿñÿ äîñòàâêîé ïî÷òû îò ñåðâåðà<br />
êëèåíòó (íî íå îáðàáîòêîé, íè ÷òåíèåì, íè, òåì áîëåå,<br />
ñîñòàâëåíèåì ïèñåì), íàçûâàåòñÿ MDA — Mail Delivery Agent.<br />
îïåðàöèþ, ñ îòìå÷åííûì ïî óìîë÷àíèþ çíà÷åíèåì yes èëè no. Äîïóñòèìî òàêæå<br />
èñïîëüçîâàíèå êîíñòðóêöèé âèäà unset value è set value, êîãäà ïîäðàçóìåâàåòñÿ<br />
no èëè yes. Íàïðèìåð, "set quit=ask-yes" îçíà÷àåò çàïðîñ ïîäòâåðæäåíèÿ íà<br />
âûõîä èç mutt (ïî íàæàòèþ êëàâèøè q), ïî óìîë÷àíèþ (åñëè íè÷åãî íå ââîäèòü<br />
â îòâåò íà çàïðîñ) áóäåò ñ÷èòàòüñÿ îòâåò yes.  äîïîëíèòåëüíûå êîíôèãè ìû<br />
âûíåñåì íàñòðîéêó çàãîëîâêîâ ïèñåì, ïðèâÿçîê êëàâèø ê äåéñòâèÿì, íàñòðîéêó<br />
îáðàáîò÷èêîâ ñîáûòèé («õóêîâ»), PGP è öâåòîâûõ îôîðìëåíèé (òåì).<br />
Ñíà÷àëà ìû îïðåäåëèì çàãîëîâêè, êîòîðûå áóäóò ïîäñòàâëÿòüñÿ â ïèñüìî,<br />
è çàãîëîâêè, êîòîðûå áóäóò âûâîäèòüñÿ â êëèåíòå ïðè ïðîñìîòðå ïèñåì.<br />
$ vi ~/.mutt/headers.mutt<br />
# âûêëþ÷àåì äåôîëòíûé ïîðÿäîê ïðåäñòàâëåíèÿ çàãîëîâêîâ<br />
ignore *<br />
# âêëþ÷àåì òîëüêî èíòåðåñóþùèå íàñ ïîëÿ<br />
unignore Bcc Cc Date From Mailing-List Newsgroups Organization<br />
Reply-To Subject To User-Agent X-Mailer X-Spam-Status X-Qmail-<br />
Scanner X-Spam<br />
# îïðåäåëÿåì ïîðÿäîê èõ âûâîäà íà ýêðàí<br />
hdr_order Date From: To Cc Reply-To Subject User-Agent X-Mailer<br />
X-Spam-Status X-Qmail-Scanner X-Spam<br />
# îïðåäåëÿåì SMTP-çàãîëîâêè ïèñåì, êîòîðûå áóäóò ïîäñòàâëÿòüñÿ<br />
â íàøè ñîîáùåíèÿ<br />
my_hdr From: "Anton A. Karpov" <br />
my_hdr X-Comment-To: "Anton A. Karpov"<br />
my_hdr User-Agent: Outluck Express 1.5.6i for MS-DOS 6.22-SMP<br />
my_hdr X-Mailer: See User-Agent above :)<br />
my_hdr X-Operating-System: MS-DOS 6.22-CURRENT on Sony VAIO laptop<br />
my_hdr X-PGP-Public-Key: http://www.toxahost.ru/gpg/pubkey.asc<br />
my_hdr X-Useless-Header: Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep<br />
Õóêè — îäèí èç ìîùíûõ áîíóñîâ mutt. Ñ ïîìîùüþ óñëîâèé ìîæíî ïåðåîïðåäåëÿòü<br />
óêàçàííûå ðàíåå îïöèè, ïðèâÿçûâàòü èõ, íàïðèìåð, ê èìåíè<br />
ïîëó÷àòåëÿ è ò.ï.<br />
[$ vi ~/.mutt/hooks.mutt]<br />
# äàííûé õóê ìåíÿåò çàãîëîâîê From â ñëó÷àå, åñëè ïîëó÷àòåëü ïèñüìà<br />
èìååò àäðåñ âèäà @real.xakep.ru<br />
send-hook '~t @real\.xakep\.ru' 'my_hdr From: Anton Karpov<br />
'<br />
# à ýòîò õóê âêëþ÷àåò pgp-øèôðîâàíèå (ïî óìîë÷àíèþ ÿ íå øèôðóþ<br />
ïèñüìà), åñëè ïîëó÷àòåëü — putin@gov.ru<br />
send-hook '~t ^putin@gov\.ru$' 'set pgp_autoencrypt'<br />
Áóäü âíèìàòåëåí, óáèðàÿ èç crontab âñå çàïóñêè periodic. Âçãëÿíè<br />
íà ñêðèïòû â /etc/periodic: ïîìèìî ñîñòàâëåíèÿ îò÷åòîâ ðóòó,<br />
ðåãóëÿðíî âûïîëíÿþòñÿ òàêèå âåùè, êàê îáíîâëåíèÿ áàçû äëÿ<br />
locate(1). Áåçäóìíî óäàëÿÿ âñå ïîäðÿä, ìîæíî, íàïðèìåð,<br />
ëèøèòü ñåáÿ ñâåæåé locate.database.<br />
[XÀÊÅÐ 11 [83] 05 > UNIXOID 103]
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