π'π - US Watch

√–∫∫°“√„Àâ ‘∑∏‘摇»…
∑“ß¿“…’»ÿ≈°“°√¢Õß À√—∞œ
(Generalized System of Preferences - GSP)
°√¡Õ‡¡√‘°“·≈–·ª´‘øî°„µâ
°√–∑√«ß°“√µà“ߪ√–‡∑»
¡°√“§¡ 2550

“√∫—≠
Àπâ“
1. §”π”............................................................................................... 4
2. °Æ‡°≥±å°“√„Àâ ‘∑∏‘摇»…∑“ß¿“…’»ÿ≈°“°√‡ªìπ°“√∑—Ë«‰ª
(Generalized System of Preferences: GSP)
¢Õß À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“ .......................................................................... 7
3. °“√µàÕÕ“¬ÿ ‘∑∏‘ GSP ªï 2550 ·≈–º≈°√–∑∫µàÕ‰∑¬ ................ 19
4. °“√¥”‡π‘π°“√¢Õ߉∑¬„π°“√‚πâ¡πâ“«„Àâ À√—∞œ
µàÕÕ“¬ÿ GSP ·≈–·π«∑“ß°“√¥”‡π‘π°“√„π√–¬–µàÕ‰ª ............. 29
5. ¿“§ºπ«°
5.1 Generalized System of Preferences Guidebook,
January 2006........................................................................ 39
5.2 CRS Report for Congress - Generalized System
of Preference: Background and Renewal Debate ............. 73
5.3 ‡Õ° “√ Country Eligibility Review ®—¥∑”‚¥¬
°√¡°“√§â“µà“ߪ√–‡∑» °√–∑√«ßæ“≥‘¬å
ª√–°Õ∫°“√„Àâ¢âÕ§‘¥‡ÀÁπ‡°’Ë¬«°—∫§«“¡®”‡ªìπ
„π°“√‰¥â√—∫ ‘∑∏‘ GSP ¢Õ߉∑¬........................................ 127
5.4 The Origins of the US GSP Program, Its Current Status,
and Some Thoughts on Its Future................................... 133
5.5 ∂‘µ‘°“√§â“‰∑¬› À√—∞œ √–À«à“ߪï 2545 - 2549 ............ 138
°√–∑√«ß°“√µà“ߪ√–‡∑»
ªï∑’Ëæ‘¡æå ¡°√“§¡ 2550
®”π«πæ‘¡æå 1,000 ‡≈à¡
2 √–∫∫°“√„Àâ ‘∑∏‘摇»…∑“ß¿“…’»ÿ≈°“°√¢Õß À√—∞œ
3

§”π”
µ“¡∑’˪√–∏“π“∏‘∫¥’ À√—∞œ ‰¥â≈ßπ“¡„π√à“ß°ÆÀ¡“¬ Tax
Relief and Health Care Act of 2006 (HR6111) ´÷Ëß√«¡∂÷ß°“√µàÕÕ“¬ÿ
‘∑∏‘摇»…∑“ß»ÿ≈°“°√ (Generalized System of Preferences - GSP)
„Àâ·°àª√–‡∑»µà“ßÊ ÕÕ°‰ªÕ’° 2 ªï µ—Èß·µà«—π∑’Ë 1 ¡°√“§¡ 2550 - 31
∏—𫓧¡ 2551 ‚¥¬„Àâª√–∏“π“∏‘∫¥’À“√◊Õ°—∫√—∞ ¿“·≈– ”π—°ß“π
ºŸâ·∑π°“√§â“ À√—∞œ °àÕπ∑’Ë®–ª√–°“»√“¬°“√ ‘π§â“∑’Ë®–∂Ÿ°µ—¥ ‘∑∏‘
GSP Õ¬à“߇ªìπ∑“ß°“√„π«—π∑’Ë 1 °√°Æ“§¡ 2550 π—Èπ
°√–∑√«ß°“√µà“ߪ√–‡∑»·≈– ∂“π‡Õ°Õ—§√√“∑Ÿµ ≥ °√ÿß«Õ‘ßµ—π
‡ÀÁπ«à“ ‚¥¬∑’Ë°√–∫«π °“√∑∫∑«π°“√„Àâ ‘∑∏‘ GSP ¢Õß À√—∞œ ¡’
§«“¡ ≈—∫´—∫´âÕπ ·≈–°“√æ‘®“√≥“®–¡’º≈‚¥¬µ√ßµàÕ°“√ àßÕÕ°
‘π§â“‰∑¬‰ª À√—∞œ ¥—ßπ—Èπ °“√∫√√¬“¬ √ÿª‡°’ˬ«°—∫°√–∫«π°“√„Àâ
‘∑∏‘ GSP ¢Õß À√—∞œ „Àâ·°àÀπ૬ߓπ∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß∑—Èß¿“§√—∞·≈–‡Õ°π
πà“®–°àÕ„À⇰‘¥ª√–‚¬πå∑—Èß„π¥â“π°“√√—∫∑√“∫¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈·≈–¢âÕ‡∑Á®®√‘ß
‡°’ˬ«°—∫°“√æ‘®“√≥“ GSP ¢Õß À√—∞œ ·≈–‡ªìπ‚Õ°“ „ÀâÀπ૬ߓπ∑’Ë
‡°’ˬ«¢âÕ߉¥â√à«¡°—πÀ“√◊Õ‡√◊ËÕß GSP ·≈–º≈°√–∑∫Õ¬à“߇ªìπ√Ÿª∏√√¡
µàÕ‰∑¬ √«¡∑—Èß√à«¡°—π°”Àπ¥®—ßÀ«–°â“«∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡„π°“√‡®√®“µàÕ
√Õß°—∫ΩÉ“¬ À√—∞œ µàÕ‰ª
„π°“√π’È °√–∑√«ß°“√µà“ߪ√–‡∑»√à«¡°—∫ ∂“π‡Õ°Õ—§√√“∑Ÿµ
≥ °√ÿß«Õ‘ßµ—π‰¥â‡‘≠𓬠Tim Punke ´÷Ë߇ªìπÕ¥’µ∑’˪√÷°…“¥â“π
°ÆÀ¡“¬ GSP ¢Õß∫√‘…—∑ Preston Gates Ellis & Rouvelas Meeds LLP
·≈–∑”Àπâ“∑’ˇªìπ∑’˪√÷°…“¥â“π°ÆÀ¡“¬¢Õß ¡“§¡ºŸâ§â“Õ—≠¡≥’‰∑¬·≈–
‡§√◊ËÕߪ√–¥—∫ „π°“√√≥√ߧå‡√◊ËÕß GSP °—∫Àπ૬ߓπµà“ßÊ ¢Õß À√—∞œ
¡“‡ªìπ«‘∑¬“°√„π°“√∫√√¬“¬ æ√âÕ¡∑—È߉¥â®—¥∑”‡Õ° “√√«¡‡≈ࡇ°’ˬ«
°—∫√–∫∫ GSP ¢Õß À√—∞œ ©∫—∫π’È¢÷Èπ ‚¥¬À«—߇ªìπÕ¬à“߬‘Ëß«à“ ®–¡’
à«π૬„Àâ¿“§‡Õ°π µ≈Õ¥®π “∏“√≥π∑—Ë«‰ª‰¥â¡’§«“¡√Ÿâ§«“¡
‡¢â“„®‡°’ˬ«°—∫°√–∫«π°“√·≈–¢—ÈπµÕπ°“√æ‘®“√≥“„Àâ ‘∑∏‘ GSP ¢Õß
À√—∞œ √«¡∑—Èß “¡“√∂√–¥¡§«“¡§‘¥‡ÀÁπ∑’ˇªìπª√–‚¬πå‡æ◊ËÕª√–°Õ∫
°“√¥”‡π‘π°“√„π‡√◊ËÕßπ’È¢Õß√—∞∫“≈µàÕ‰ª
°√¡Õ‡¡√‘°“·≈–·ª´‘øî°„µâ
°√–∑√«ß°“√µà“ߪ√–‡∑»
¡°√“§¡ 2550
4 √–∫∫°“√„Àâ ‘∑∏‘摇»…∑“ß¿“…’»ÿ≈°“°√¢Õß À√—∞œ
5

°Æ‡°≥±å°“√„Àâ ‘∑∏‘摇»…∑“ß¿“…’»ÿ≈°“°√
‡ªìπ°“√∑—Ë«‰ª¢Õß À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“
(Generalized System of Preferences - GSP) *
* ª√–¡«≈®“°‡Õ° “√ U.S. Generalized System of Preferences Guidebook, Office
of the United States Trade Representative, Executive Office of the President,
Washington D.C., January 2006
6 √–∫∫°“√„Àâ ‘∑∏‘摇»…∑“ß¿“…’»ÿ≈°“°√¢Õß À√—∞œ
7

¿Ÿ¡‘À≈—ß
À√—∞œ ‡√‘Ë¡„Àâ ‘∑∏‘摇»…∑“ß¿“…’»ÿ≈°“°√‡ªìπ°“√∑—Ë«‰ª
(Generalized System of Preferences - GSP) ·°àª√–‡∑»°”≈—ßæ—≤π“
·≈–¥âÕ¬æ—≤π“ √«¡∑—È߉∑¬ ¡“µ—Èß·µà ªï 2519 ‡æ◊ËÕ‡ªî¥‚Õ°“ „Àâ ‘π§â“
∫“ß√“¬°“√ “¡“√∂‡¢â“‰ª·¢àߢ—π„πµ≈“¥ À√—∞œ ‰¥â ·≈–‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâª√–‡∑»
°”≈—ßæ—≤π“ “¡“√∂„â ‘∑∏‘¥—ß°≈à“«„π°“√¢¬“¬°“√§â“·≈–æ—≤𓇻√…∞°‘®
¢Õßµπ ‚¥¬¡’∑—Èß ‘π§â“‡°…µ√·≈–Õÿµ “À°√√¡ª√–¡“≥ 4,650 √“¬°“√
·≈–¡’ª√–‡∑»∑’ˉ¥â√—∫ ‘∑∏‘∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ 133 ª√–‡∑» ´÷Ë߇ªìπª√–‡∑»¥âÕ¬æ—≤π“
42 ª√–‡∑»
°“√„Àâ ‘∑∏‘摇»… GSP ¢Õß À√—∞œ ·∫àßÕÕ°‡ªìπ 3 ‚§√ß°“√
¥—ßπ’È
‚§√ß°“√∑’Ë 1: 1 ¡°√“§¡ 2519 › 3 ¡°√“§¡ 2528
‚§√ß°“√∑’Ë 2: 4 ¡°√“§¡ 2528 › 3 ¡°√“§¡ 2536
µàÕÕ“¬ÿ§√—Èß∑’Ë 1: 4 °√°Æ“§¡ 2536 › 30 °—𬓬π 2537
µàÕÕ“¬ÿ§√—Èß∑’Ë 2: 1 µÿ≈“§¡ 2537 › 30 °√°Æ“§¡ 2538
‚§√ß°“√∑’Ë 3: 31 °√°Æ“§¡ 2528 › 31 情¿“§¡ 2540
µàÕÕ“¬ÿ§√—Èß∑’Ë 1: 1 ¡‘∂ÿπ“¬π 2540 › 30 ¡‘∂ÿπ“¬π 2540
µàÕÕ“¬ÿ§√—Èß∑’Ë 2: 1 °√°Æ“§¡ 2541 › 30 ¡‘∂ÿπ“¬π 2542
µàÕÕ“¬ÿ§√—Èß∑’Ë 3: 1 °√°Æ“§¡ 2542 › 30 °—𬓬π 2544
µàÕÕ“¬ÿ§√—Èß∑’Ë 4: 1 µÿ≈“§¡ 2544 › 31 ∏—𫓧¡ 2549
µàÕÕ“¬ÿ§√—Èß∑’Ë 5: 1 ¡°√“§¡ 2550 › 31 ∏—𫓧¡ 2551
°ÆÀ¡“¬ À√—∞œ ∑’Ë„Àâ ‘∑∏‘摇»…∑“ß¿“…’»ÿ≈°“°√‡ªìπ°“√
∑—Ë«‰ª
1. °ÆÀ¡“¬ À√—∞œ ∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫°“√„Àâ ‘∑∏‘摇»…∑“ß¿“…’
»ÿ≈°“°√‡ªìπ°“√∑—Ë«‰ª › GSP (Generalized System of Preferences)
䴉ᡈ The United States Code (USC), Title 19 - Customs Duties,
Chapter 12 - Trade Act of 1974, Subchapter V - Generalized System
of Preferences, Section 2461 › Section 2467 (19 USC 2461 - 2467)
¡“µ√“ 2461 ¢Õß Trade Act of 1974 √–∫ÿ„ÀâÕ”π“®·°à
ª√–∏“π“∏‘∫¥’ À√—∞œ „πÕ—π∑’Ë®–¬°‡«âπ¿“…’ (provide duty-free treatment)
·°àª√–‡∑»°”≈—ßæ—≤π“ ¿“¬„µâ‡ß◊ËÕπ‰¢∑’Ë°”Àπ¥„π Subchapter V
¢Õß Trade Act of 1974
2. ‡¡◊ËÕ«—π∑’Ë 20 ∏—𫓧¡ 2549 ª√–∏“π“∏‘∫¥’ À√—∞œ ‰¥â≈ßπ“¡„π
√à“ß°ÆÀ¡“¬ H.R. 6111 › Tax Relief and Health Care Act of 2006
„Àâ¡’º≈∫—ߧ—∫„⇪ìπ°ÆÀ¡“¬ °ÆÀ¡“¬¥—ß°≈à“«‰¥â√—∫°“√·°â‰¢‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡
‚¥¬ H.R. 6406 º≈¢Õß°ÆÀ¡“¬¥—ß°≈à“« ¡’¥—ßπ’È
(1) Title VIII, Section 8002 - µàÕÕ“¬ÿ GSP ´÷Ëß®–À¡¥Õ“¬ÿ
≈ß„π«—π∑’Ë 31 ∏—𫓧¡ 2549 ÕÕ°‰ªÕ’° 2 ªï ‚¥¬®–À¡¥Õ“¬ÿ«—π∑’Ë 31
∏—𫓧¡ 2551
(2) Title VIII, Section 8001 - ®”°—¥Õ”𓮪√–∏“π“∏‘∫¥’
„π°“√„â CNLs Waiver* („π°“√ ≈– CNLs) „π∫“ß°√≥’ (√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥„π
* CNLs › Competitive Need Limitations ‡ªìπ°“√°”Àπ¥‡æ¥“π¢Õß ‘∑∏‘ GSP
”À√—∫ ‘π§â“·µà≈–π‘¥ ·≈– ”À√—∫ª√–‡∑»°”≈—ßæ—≤π“ºŸâ√—∫ª√–‚¬πå·µà≈–
ª√–‡∑» ´÷ËßÀ“°‡°‘π‡æ¥“π∑’Ë°”Àπ¥®–‡ ’¬ ‘∑∏‘ GSP ∑—π∑’
CNLs Waiver › ‡æ¥“π¢Õß ‘∑∏‘ GSP Õ“®‰¥â√—∫°“√¬°‡«âπÀ√◊Õ ≈– (waive
CNLs) ‰¥â„π∫“ß°√≥’ °“√ ≈– CNLs ¡’º≈„Àâª√–‡∑»∑’ˉ¥â√—∫ GSP ¬—ߧ߉¥â
√—∫ ‘∑∏‘µàÕ‰ª ·¡â®–‡°‘π‡æ¥“π∑’Ë°”Àπ¥°Áµ“¡
8 √–∫∫°“√„Àâ ‘∑∏‘摇»…∑“ß¿“…’»ÿ≈°“°√¢Õß À√—∞œ
°Æ‡°≥±å°“√„Àâ ‘∑∏‘摇»…∑“ß¿“…’»ÿ≈°“°√‡ªìπ°“√∑—Ë«‰ª¢Õß À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“ 9

¢âÕ 4) ´÷Ëß¡’º≈‡∑à“°—∫®”°—¥¢Õ∫‡¢µ¢Õß ‘∑∏‘ GSP ≈ß∫“ß à«π
3. ‡ß◊ËÕπ‰¢∑’˪√–∏“π“∏‘∫¥’ À√—∞œ ®–„Àâ GSP ‰¥â µ“¡∑’˪√“°Ø„π
Subchapter V ¢Õß Trade Act of 1974 Õ“∑‘
¡“µ√“ 2461 › ª√–∏“π“∏‘∫¥’µâÕߧ”π÷ß∂÷ß (1) º≈∑’Ë®–‡°‘¥
¢÷Èπ·°à°“√æ—≤𓇻√…∞°‘® ®“°°“√¢¬“¬°“√ àßÕÕ°¢Õߪ√–‡∑»°”≈—ß
æ—≤π“ (2) ¢Õ∫‡¢µ°“√„Àâ ‘∑∏‘摇»…‚¥¬ª√–‡∑»æ—≤π“·≈â«Õ◊ËπÊ (other
major developed countries) ·°à ‘π§â“∑’Ëπ”‡¢â“®“°ª√–‡∑»°”≈—ßæ—≤π“‡æ◊ËÕ
૬‡À≈◊Õª√–‡∑»°”≈—ßæ—≤π“ (3) º≈°√–∑∫∑’ËÕ“®‡°‘¥¢÷ÈπµàÕºŸâº≈‘µ ‘π§â“
(like or directly competitive products) ¢Õß À√—∞œ ‡Õß ·≈– (4)
§«“¡ “¡“√∂·¢àߢ—π¢Õߪ√–‡∑»°”≈—ßæ—≤π“„π ‘π§â“∑’ˉ¥â√—∫ GSP
¡“µ√“ 2462 › ¡’°“√°”Àπ¥ª√–‡∑»∑’Ë®–‰¥â√—∫ GSP
(beneficiary developing country)
¡“µ√“ 2463 › ¡’°“√°”Àπ¥ª√–‡¿∑ ‘π§â“∑’ˉ¥â√—∫ GSP
(eligible articles)
¡“µ√“ 2464 › GSP ¡’°”Àπ¥Õ“¬ÿ∑’Ë·πà—¥ (µ“¡∑’Ë√–∫ÿ„π°“√
µàÕÕ“¬ÿ·µà≈–§√—Èß) ‡ªìπµâπ
4. H.R. 6111 ·≈– H.R. 6406 Title VIII ®”°—¥Õ”π“®
ª√–∏“π“∏‘∫¥’„π°“√„â CNLs Waiver („π°“√ ≈– CNLs) ‚¥¬°”Àπ¥„Àâ
‰¡à‡°‘π«—π∑’Ë 1 °√°Æ“§¡¢Õß∑ÿ°ªï ª√–∏“π“∏‘∫¥’®–µâÕ߇摰∂Õπ°“√
≈– CNLs ∑’Ë¡’º≈µ—Èß·µà 5 ªï¢÷Èπ‰ª À“°„πªï°àÕπÀπâ“π—Èπ ª√–‡∑»∑’Ë
‰¥â√—∫ GSP ‰¥â àßÕÕ° ‘π§â“∑’ˉ¥â√—∫ GSP (¿“¬„µâ°“√ ≈– CNLs) ‰ª¬—ß
À√—∞œ (1) ‚¥¬¡’¡Ÿ≈§à“ª√–‡¡‘π (appraised value) Ÿß°«à“∑’Ë°”Àπ¥„Àâ
”À√—∫ªïπ—Èπ‡°‘π 1.5 ‡∑à“ (2) ‡°‘π°«à“√âÕ¬≈– 75 ¢Õß¡Ÿ≈§à“π”‡¢â“
∑—ÈßÀ¡¥¢Õß ‘π§â“π—ÈπÊ ∑’ˇ¢â“ Ÿà À√—∞œ „πªïπ—ÈπÊ
À≈—°‡°≥±å°“√‰¥â√—∫ ‘∑∏‘ GSP ¢Õߪ√–‡∑»µà“ßÊ
À√—∞œ °”Àπ¥À≈—°‡°≥±å„π°“√æ‘®“√≥“ª√–‡∑»ºŸâ√—∫ ‘∑∏‘ GSP
‰«â¥—ßπ’È
1. ª√–‡∑»ºŸâ√—∫ ‘∑∏‘®–µâÕ߉¡à‡ªìπ/ª°§√Õß‚¥¬ª√–‡∑»
§Õ¡¡‘«π‘ µå ¬°‡«âπª√–‡∑»∑’Ë¡’ ∂“𖧫“¡ —¡æ—π∏å∑“ß°“√§â“„π
√–¥—∫ª°µ‘ (National Trade Relations :NTR) ‡ªìπ ¡“‘°¢ÕßÕߧ尓√
°“√§â“‚≈° ·≈–°Õß∑ÿπ°“√‡ß‘π√–À«à“ߪ√–‡∑»
2. ª√–‡∑»ºŸâ¢Õ√—∫ ‘∑∏‘ GSP µâÕ߉¡à‡ªìπ¿“§’§«“¡µ°≈ß À√◊Õ
¡’ à«π√à«¡„π°“√¥”‡π‘π°“√„¥Ê ∑’ˇ¢â“¢à“¬ (1) °—°µÿπ ‘π§â“·≈–ªí®®—¬
°“√º≈‘µ∑’Ë ”§—≠À√◊Õµ—Èß√–¥—∫√“§“ ‘π§â“ Ÿß‡°‘𧫓¡‡ªìπ®√‘ß ·≈–
(2) ¥”‡π‘π°‘®°√√¡„¥Ê ∑’ˇªìπµâπ‡Àµÿ¢Õߪí≠À“‡»√…∞°‘®„π‡«∑’‚≈°
3. ª√–‡∑»ºŸâ¢Õ√—∫ ‘∑∏‘ GSP ‰¡àÕ“®„Àâ ‘∑∏‘摇»…·°à ‘π§â“„¥Ê
∑’˺≈‘µ„πª√–‡∑»æ—≤π“·≈â« Õ—π®–°√–∑∫ À√◊Õ¡’·π«‚πâ¡®–°√–∑∫
µàÕ√–∫∫°“√§â“ À√—∞œ
4. ª√–‡∑»ºŸâ√—∫ ‘∑∏‘®–µâÕ߉¡à‚Õπ ¬÷¥ À√◊Õ§√Õ∫§√Õß∑√—æ¬å
‘π„¥Ê ∑’ˇªìπ°√√¡ ‘∑∏‘Ï¢Õߪ√–“πÀ√◊Õ∫√‘…—∑ À√—∞œ ‚¥¬‰¡à®à“¬
§à“¥‡¬µ“¡§«“¡‡À¡“– ¡ À√◊Õ¡‘‰¥â¡’°“√‡ πÕ‡√◊ËÕßµàÕ§≥–°√√¡°“√
∑’Ë∑—Èß ÕßΩÉ“¬µ°≈ß√à«¡°—π
5. ª√–‡∑»ºŸâ¢Õ√—∫ ‘∑∏‘ GSP ®–µâÕ߉¡àªØ‘‡ ∏∑’Ë®–¬Õ¡√—∫À√◊Õ
¥”‡π‘π°“√µ“¡§”µ—¥ ‘π¢âÕæ‘æ“∑∑’Ë®–‡ªìπ§ÿ≥ª√–‚¬πåµàÕª√–“°√
·≈–∫√‘…—∑ À√—∞œ
6. ª√–‡∑»∑’ˉ¡à„À⧫“¡à«¬‡À≈◊Õ À√◊Õª°ªî¥´àÕπ‡√âπ∫ÿ§§≈
À√◊Õ°≈ÿ ࡧπ ´÷Ëß¡’ à«π‡°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫°“√°àÕ°“√√⓬¢â“¡“µ‘ ‚¥¬°“√„Àâ
·À≈àßæ”π—°·°à∫ÿ§§≈/°≈ÿ ࡧπ¥—ß°≈à“«
7. ª√–‡∑»∑’Ë¡’°ÆÀ¡“¬§ÿ ⡧√Õß·√ßß“π∑’ˇªìπ∑’ˬա√—∫„π√–¥—∫
“°≈ Õ—π‰¥â·°à (1) ‘∑∏‘„π°“√®—¥µ—Èß ¡“§¡ (2) ‘∑∏‘„π°“√√«¡°≈ÿ à¡
10 √–∫∫°“√„Àâ ‘∑∏‘摇»…∑“ß¿“…’»ÿ≈°“°√¢Õß À√—∞œ
°Æ‡°≥±å°“√„Àâ ‘∑∏‘摇»…∑“ß¿“…’»ÿ≈°“°√‡ªìπ°“√∑—Ë«‰ª¢Õß À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“ 11

®—¥°“√ ·≈–µàÕ√Õß√à«¡°—π (3) §«“¡¡’‡ √’¿“æ„π°“√∑”ß“π‚¥¬ ¡—§√
„® (4) °”Àπ¥Õ“¬ÿ·√ßß“π¢—ÈπµË” ‡æ◊ËÕÀ≈’°‡≈’ˬ߰“√„â·√ßß“π‡¥Á° (5) ¡’
ªí®®—¬·«¥≈âÕ¡„π°“√∑”ß“π∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡ „π·ßà§à“®â“ߢ—ÈπµË” √–¬–‡«≈“
∑”ß“π °“√§ÿ⡧√Õß ÿ¢¿“æ·≈–§«“¡ª≈Õ¥¿—¬¢Õß·√ßß“π
8. ¥”‡π‘π°“√µ“¡æ—π∏°√≥’ ‡æ◊ËÕªÑÕß°—π·≈–°”®—¥°“√„â
·√ßß“π‡¥Á°∑ÿ°√Ÿª·∫∫
‡ß◊ËÕπ‰¢‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡
ª√–∏“π“∏‘∫¥’ À√—∞œ ‰¥â°”Àπ¥‡ß◊ËÕπ‰¢‡æ◊ËÕª√–°Õ∫°“√æ‘®“√≥“
°“√„Àâ ‘∑∏‘ GSP ·°àª√–‡∑»µà“ßÊ ‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡ ¥—ßπ’È
1. °“√· ¥ß§«“¡®”πߢÕ√—∫ ‘∑∏‘ GSP ¢Õß·µà≈–ª√–‡∑»
2. √–¥—∫°“√æ—≤π“∑“߇»√…∞°‘®¢Õߪ√–‡∑» ´÷Ëß√«¡∂÷ߺ≈‘µ¿—≥±å
¡«≈√«¡ª√–““µ‘µàÕÀ—« (per capita GNP) ¡“µ√∞“π°“√§√Õß’æ
¢Õߪ√–“°√„πª√–‡∑» ·≈–ªí®®—¬∑“߇»√…∞°‘®Õ◊ËπÊ
3. °“√‰¥â√—∫ ‘∑∏‘ GSP ®“°ª√–‡∑»æ—≤π“·≈⫪√–‡∑»Õ◊ËπÊ
4. ª√–‡∑»ºŸâ¢Õ√—∫ ‘∑∏‘®–µâÕ߇ªî¥µ≈“¥ ‘π§â“·≈–∑√—欓°√
°“√º≈‘µ¢—Èπæ◊Èπ∞“π„π√–¥—∫∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡ ·≈–‰¡à¥”‡π‘π°“√„¥Ê ∑’ˉ¡à‡À¡“–
¡ À√◊Õ¢—¥µàÕ·π«ªØ‘∫—µ‘„π°“√ àßÕÕ°
5. ¡’°ÆÀ¡“¬§ÿ ⡧√Õß°“√≈–‡¡‘¥∑√—æ¬å ‘π∑“ߪí≠≠“ (‰¥â·°à
°“√®¥∑–‡∫’¬π ‘∑∏‘∫—µ√ ‡§√◊ËÕßÀ¡“¬∑“ß°“√§â“ ·≈–≈‘¢ ‘∑∏‘Ï)
6. ¡’π‚¬∫“¬≈¥°“√∫‘¥‡∫◊Õπ∑“ß°“√§â“°“√≈ß∑ÿπ ·≈–¡’¡“µ√°“√
≈¥/°”®—¥Õÿª √√§∑“ß°“√§â“∫√‘°“√
7. ¡’°“√∫—ߧ—∫„â À√◊ÕÕ¬Ÿà√–À«à“ß°“√¥”‡π‘π°“√°”Àπ¥°ÆÀ¡“¬
§ÿ⡧√Õß·√ßß“π∑’ˇªìπ∑’ˬա√—∫„π√–¥—∫ “°≈ Õ—π‰¥â·°à (1) ‘∑∏‘„π
°“√®—¥µ—Èß ¡“§¡ (2) ‘∑∏‘„π°“√√«¡°≈ÿà¡®—¥°“√ ·≈–µàÕ√Õß√à«¡°—π
(3) §«“¡¡’‡ √’¿“æ„π°“√∑”ß“π‚¥¬ ¡—§√„® (4) °”Àπ¥Õ“¬ÿ·√ßß“π¢—ÈπµË”
‡æ◊ËÕÀ≈’°‡≈’ˬ߰“√„â·√ßß“π‡¥Á° (5) ¡’ªí®®—¬·«¥≈âÕ¡„π°“√∑”ß“π∑’Ë
‡À¡“– ¡„π·ßà§à“®â“ߢ—ÈπµË” °“√°”Àπ¥√–¬–‡«≈“∑”ß“π °“√§ÿ ⡧√Õß
ÿ¢¿“æ·≈–§«“¡ª≈Õ¥¿—¬¢Õß·√ßß“π
§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘¢Õߪ√–‡∑»∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„π¢à“¬‰¥â√—∫ ‘∑∏‘ GSP
1) √–¥—∫°“√æ—≤π“ª√–‡∑» › ‚¥¬æ‘®“√≥“®“° GNP per capita
µ“¡π‘¬“¡ çhigh incomeé country ¢Õß World Bank ($10,066 in 2005)
2) °“√‡ªî¥µ≈“¥ ‘π§â“·≈–∫√‘°“√ › µâÕß¡’°“√‡ªî¥µ≈“¥ ‘π§â“
·≈–∫√‘°“√Õ¬à“ß ¡‡Àµÿº≈
3) °“√§ÿ ⡧√Õß∑√—æ¬å ‘π∑“ߪí≠≠“ › ª√–‡∑»ºŸâ√—∫ ‘∑∏‘®–µâÕß
¡’√–∫∫°“√§ÿ ⡧√Õß∑√—æ¬å ‘π∑“ߪí≠≠“Õ¬à“߇撬ßæÕ·≈–¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ
4) °“√§ÿ ⡧√Õß ‘∑∏‘·√ßß“π › ®–µâÕß¡’°“√§ÿ ⡧√Õß ‘∑∏‘·√ßß“π
„π√–¥—∫∑’ˇªìπ∑’ˬա√—∫¢Õßπ“π““µ‘
5) °”Àπ¥π‚¬∫“¬≈ß∑ÿπ∑’Ë—¥‡®π ·≈–≈¥¢âÕ®”°—¥∑“ß°“√§â“
¢Õߪ√–‡∑»∑’ˉ¥â√—∫ ‘∑∏‘
6) „Àâ°“√ π—∫ πÿπ À√—∞œ „π°“√µàÕµâ“π°“√°àÕ°“√√⓬
πÕ°®“°π’È ‘π§â“¢Õߪ√–‡∑»µà“ßÊ ∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„π¢à“¬∑’Ë®–‰¥â√—∫ ‘∑∏‘GSP
®–µâÕß¡’§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘ ¥—ßπ’È
1) µâÕ߇ªìπ ‘π§â“∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„π∫—≠’ ‘π§â“∑’ˉ¥â√—∫ ‘∑∏‘ GSP µ“¡∑’Ë
ª√“°Ø„π√“¬°“√ HTSUS (Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the US)
‚¥¬√–∫ÿµ“¡æ‘°—¥Õ—µ√“»ÿ≈°“°√ 8 À≈—°
2) µâÕ߇ªìπ ‘π§â“∑’Ëπ”‡¢â“‚¥¬µ√ß®“°ª√–‡∑»ºŸâ√—∫ ‘∑∏‘
3) µâÕߺ≈‘µ∂Ÿ°µâÕßµ“¡°Æ«à“¥â«¬·À≈àß°”‡π‘¥ ‘π§â“ (Rules of
Origin) ·≈–¢âÕ∫—ߧ—∫¥â“π¡Ÿ≈§à“‡æ‘Ë¡
4) ºŸâπ”‡¢â“/ àßÕÕ°®–µâÕ߬◊Ëπ¢Õ„â ‘∑∏‘ duty-free ¿“¬„µâ GSP
‚¥¬√–∫ÿ‰«â„π‡Õ° “√°“√ àß ‘π§â“
12 √–∫∫°“√„Àâ ‘∑∏‘摇»…∑“ß¿“…’»ÿ≈°“°√¢Õß À√—∞œ
°Æ‡°≥±å°“√„Àâ ‘∑∏‘摇»…∑“ß¿“…’»ÿ≈°“°√‡ªìπ°“√∑—Ë«‰ª¢Õß À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“ 13

À¡“¬‡Àµÿ ‘π§â“∫“ߪ√–‡¿∑‰¡à “¡“√∂√—∫ ‘∑∏‘ GSP ‰¥â µ“¡
°ÆÀ¡“¬ 19 U.S.C. 2463
‡°≥±å°“√¬°‡≈‘° ‘∑∏‘ GSP (√“¬ ‘π§â“)
°Æ«à“¥â«¬§«“¡®”‡ªìπ„π°“√·¢àߢ—π (Competitive Need Limitations)
‘π§â“∑’Ë à߉ª À√—∞œ ¿“¬„µâ GSP ®–∂Ÿ°µ—¥ ‘∑∏‘‚¥¬∑—π∑’ À“°
À√—∞œ π”‡¢â“ ‘π§â“¥—ß°≈à“«„πªïªØ‘∑‘π∑’˺à“π¡“‡°‘𧫓¡®”‡ªìπ„π
°“√·¢àߢ—π (Competitive Need Limitations - CNL) ´÷Ëß¡’Õߧå
ª√–°Õ∫ ”§—≠ 2 ª√–°“√‰¥â·°à
ë ¡’ à«π·∫àß„πµ≈“¥π”‡¢â“¢Õß À√—∞œ ¿“¬„µâ GSP ‡°‘π°«à“
√âÕ¬≈– 50 ¢Õß¡Ÿ≈§à“°“√π”‡¢â“ ‘π§â“ª√–‡¿∑π—Èπ À√◊Õ
ë ¡Ÿ≈§à“π”‡¢â“ Ÿß‡°‘π√–¥—∫‡æ¥“π∑’Ë À√—∞œ °”À𥉫â´÷Ë߇楓ππ’È
®–‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ ªï≈– 5 ≈â“π¥Õ≈≈“√å À√—∞∑ÿ°Ê ªï (ªï 2549 °”À𥉫â∑’Ë 125
≈â“π¥Õ≈≈“√å À√—∞)
∑—Èßπ’È À“°¡’°“√π”‡¢â“ ‘π§â“„¥‡°‘π‡°≥±å¥—ß°≈à“« ∂◊Õ«à“ ‘π§â“π—Èπ
¡’§«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√·¢àߢ—π∑’Ë Ÿß¡“°æÕ·≈â« ®÷߉¡à®”‡ªìπµâÕ߉¥â√—∫ ‘∑∏‘
¬°‡«âπ¿“…’»ÿ≈°“°√¿“¬„µâ GSP µàÕ‰ª ·≈–®–∂Ÿ°µ—¥ ‘∑∏‘„π«—π∑’Ë 1
°√°Æ“§¡¢Õߪï∂—¥‰ª
Õ¬à“߉√°Á¥’ ºŸâ√—∫ ‘∑∏‘ “¡“√∂¢Õ¬°‡«âπ®“°°Æ CNL ‰¥â ‡√’¬°«à“
waivers ´÷Ëß¡’Õ¬Ÿà 4 ª√–‡¿∑‰¥â·°à
1. PETITIONED WAIVERS
Àπ૬ߓπ∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß “¡“√∂¬◊Ëπ§”√âÕߢէ◊π ‘∑∏‘ GSP ∑’Ë∂Ÿ°
√–ß—∫ ‘∑∏‘ GSP ‰ª·≈â« À“°¡Ÿ≈§à“ àßÕÕ°„πªï∂—¥®“°ªï∑’Ë∂Ÿ°√–ß—∫ ‘∑∏‘
Õ¬ŸàµË”°«à“√–¥—∫ CNL ∑’Ë°”Àπ¥
°“√§◊π ‘∑∏‘ GSP ‡ªìπÕ”π“®¢Õߪ√–∏“π“∏‘∫¥’ ´÷Ëß®–„âªí®®—¬
”§—≠ 2 ª√–°“√‡æ◊ËÕª√–°Õ∫°“√æ‘®“√≥“ ‰¥â·°à °“√‡ªî¥µ≈“¥ ‘π§â“
·≈–∫√‘°“√ ·≈–°“√§ÿ⡧√Õß∑√—æ¬å ‘π∑“ߪí≠≠“¢Õߪ√–‡∑»ºŸâ¢Õ
À“°°“√¬◊Ëπ§”√âÕ߇ªìπº≈ ”‡√Á® ª√–‡∑»ºŸâ¢Õ®–‰¥â√—∫°“√¬°‡«âπ
¢âÕ°”Àπ¥∑—Èߥâ“π à«π·∫àßµ≈“¥ ·≈–¡Ÿ≈§à“π”‡¢â“∑’Ë À√—∞œ
Õ¬à“߉√°Á¥’ ¡Ÿ≈§à“°“√π”‡¢â“®“°∑ÿ°ª√–‡∑»∑’ˉ¥â√—∫°“√¬°‡«âπ
¿“¬„µâ Petitioned waiver ®–µâÕ߉¡à¡“°°«à“√âÕ¬≈– 30 ¢Õß¡Ÿ≈§à“°“√π”‡¢â“
¿“¬„µâ GSP ∑—ÈßÀ¡¥„πªïπ—ÈπÊ ·≈–ª√–‡∑»„¥Ê ∑’Ë¡’√“¬‰¥âª√–““µ‘
µàÕÀ—«‡°‘π°«à“ 5,000 ¥Õ≈≈“√å À√—∞ À√◊Õ‰¥â„â ‘∑∏‘¿“¬„µâ GSP ¡“°
°«à“√âÕ¬≈– 10 ¢Õß¡Ÿ≈§à“°“√„â ‘∑∏‘ GSP ∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ ®–‰¡à‰¥â√—∫°“√§◊π
‘∑∏‘
2. ç504(D)é WAIVER
À“° ‘π§â“∑’Ë àßÕÕ°‰ª À√—∞œ ‡ªìπ ‘π§â“∑’Ë À√—∞œ ‰¡à “¡“√∂
º≈‘µ‰¥â¿“¬„π ª√–‡∑» À√◊Õª√–‡¿∑ ‘π§â“∑’Ë√–∫ÿ‰«â„π section 504Z(d)
¢Õß°ÆÀ¡“¬ GSP À√—∞œ ®–¬°‡«âπ°“√π”ªí®®—¬‡√◊ËÕß à«π·∫àßµ≈“¥
(50%) ¡“æ‘®“√≥“ª√–°Õ∫°“√¬ÿµ‘°“√„Àâ ‘∑∏‘ GSP ¿“¬„µâ°Æ CNL
ª√–‡∑»∑’ˉ¥â√—∫ ‘∑∏‘ “¡“√∂¬◊Ëπ§”√âÕߢլ°‡«âπ‡ß◊ËÕπ‰¢¥—ß°≈à“«
‰¥â„πà«ß°“√∑∫∑«π°“√„Àâ ‘∑∏‘ª√–®”ªï¢Õß À√—∞œ ‚¥¬À“° ‘π§â“∑’Ë
√âÕߢժ√“°ØÕ¬Ÿà„π¢âÕ 504(d) Õ¬Ÿà·≈â« °Á®–‰¥â√—∫°“√¬°‡«âπ‚¥¬Õ—µ‚π¡—µ‘
3. DE MINIMIS WAIVER
À“° ‘π§â“∑’Ë àßÕÕ°‰ª À√—∞œ ¡’ à«π·∫àßµ≈“¥¡“°°«à“√âÕ¬≈–
50 ·µà‡¡◊ËÕπ—∫√«¡¡Ÿ≈§à“π”‡¢â“ ‘π§â“π—Èπ„π À√—∞œ ®“°∑—Ë«‚≈°·≈â« ¬—ߵ˔
°«à“¡Ÿ≈§à“ De Minimis ∑’Ë°”À𥉫â„πªïπ—ÈπÊ À√—∞œ ®–¬°‡«âπ°“√√–ß—∫
‘∑∏‘„πªï∂—¥‰ª‚¥¬Õ—µ‚π¡—µ‘ ‚¥¬ºŸâ àß ‘π§â“‰¡àµâÕß√âÕߢÕ
∑—Èßπ’È À√—∞œ ®–‡ªî¥√—∫øíߧ«“¡‡ÀÁπ®“° “∏“√≥π¥â«¬ ·≈–
°“√¬°‡«âπ‰¡à√–ß—∫ ‘∑∏‘ GSP ¢Õß ‘π§â“·µà≈–√“¬°“√∂◊Õ‡ªìπ¥ÿ≈¬æ‘π‘®¢Õß
ª√–∏“π“∏‘∫¥’ À√—∞œ
14 √–∫∫°“√„Àâ ‘∑∏‘摇»…∑“ß¿“…’»ÿ≈°“°√¢Õß À√—∞œ
°Æ‡°≥±å°“√„Àâ ‘∑∏‘摇»…∑“ß¿“…’»ÿ≈°“°√‡ªìπ°“√∑—Ë«‰ª¢Õß À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“ 15

¡Ÿ≈§à“ De Minimis „πªï 2548 °”À𥉫â∑’Ë 17.5 ≈â“π¥Õ≈≈“√å
À√—∞ ·≈–®–‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπªï≈– 0.5 ≈â“π¥Õ≈≈“√å À√—∞ (ªï 2549 = 18 ≈â“π
¥Õ≈≈“√å À√—∞)
4. LEAST DEVELOPED WAIVER
À√—∞œ ¬°‡«âπ°“√∫—ߧ—∫„â°Æ CNL °—∫ª√–‡∑»¥âÕ¬æ—≤π“
∑ÿ°ª√–‡∑»
Percent Limit Value Limit
Waived Waived
Petitioned waiver Yes Yes
ç504(d)é waiver Yes No
De Minimis waiver Yes No
Least Developed waiver Yes Yes
¢≥–π’È¡’ 19 ª√–‡∑»∑’Ë À√—∞œ „Àâ°“√¬°‡«âπ°Æ«à“¥â«¬§«“¡
®”‡ªìπ„π°“√·¢àߢ—π: CNL ‰¥â·°à ‰∑¬ Õ“√凮πµ‘π“ ∫Õ ‡π’¬œ ∫√“´‘≈
‚§≈Õ¡‡∫’¬ ‚§√‡Õ‡’¬ Õ‘π‡¥’¬ Õ‘π‚¥π’‡´’¬ ‰Õ‡«Õ√å√’ §“´—§ ∂“π
¡“´‘‚¥‡π’¬ ‡ª√Ÿ øî≈‘ªªîπ å ‚√¡“‡π’¬ √— ‡´’¬ ·Õø√‘°“„µâ µÿ√°’
‡«‡π´ÿ‡Õ≈“ ·≈–´‘¡∫—∫‡«
¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡‡°’ˬ«°—∫¡“µ√“ 301
¿“¬„µâ¡“µ√“ 301 ¢Õß°ÆÀ¡“¬°“√§â“ §.». 1974
(Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974) ‰¥â„ÀâÕ”π“® United
States Trade Representative (USTR) „π°“√„â¡“µ√°“√µà“ßÊ
∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡µàÕ√—∞∫“≈µà“ߪ√–‡∑»∑’Ë≈–‡¡‘¥æ—π∏°√≥’¿“¬„µâ
§«“¡µ°≈ß√–À«à“ߪ√–‡∑»„π√–¥—∫∑«‘¿“§’·≈–æÀÿ¿“§’ √«¡∑—Èß
°“√°√–∑”¢Õß√—∞∫“≈µà“ߪ√–‡∑»∑’ˉ¡à ¡‡Àµÿ ¡º≈ ‰¡à¬ÿµ‘∏√√¡
·≈–‡≈◊Õ°ªØ‘∫—µ‘ ∑’Ë √â“ß¿“√–·≈–‡ªìπÕÿª √√§µàÕ°“√§â“¢Õß
À√—∞œ
πÕ°®“°π’È ¡“µ√“ 301 摇»… (Special 301) ‰¥â°”Àπ¥
ª√–‡¥Áπ¥â“π∑√—æ¬å ‘π∑“ߪí≠≠“ (Intellectual Property Rights
› IPR) ¢÷Èπ‡ªìπ°“√‡©æ“– ‡æ◊ËÕ‡ªìπª√–‡¥Áπ„π°“√æ‘®“√≥“∂÷ß
°“√¥”‡π‘π°“√¢Õß√—∞∫“≈µà“ߪ√–‡∑»∑’ˉ¡à ¡‡Àµÿ ¡º≈ ‰¡à
¬ÿµ‘∏√√¡ ‡≈◊Õ°ªØ‘∫—µ‘ Õ—π‡ªìπ°“√ √â“ß¿“√–·≈–‡ªìπÕÿª √√§µàÕ
°“√§â“¢Õß À√—∞œ
¡“µ√“ 301 „ÀâÕ”π“®ª√–∏“π“∏‘∫¥’¥”‡π‘π°“√µÕ∫‚µâ
√—∞∫“≈µà“ߪ√–‡∑»∑’Ë„â¡“µ√°“√¥—ß°≈à“« ´÷Ëß¡“µ√°“√µÕ∫‚µâ
ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ °“√√–ß—∫°“√„Àâ ‘∑∏‘ª√–‚¬πå∑“ß°“√§â“ (Trade
concessions) ´÷Ëß√«¡∂÷ß ‘∑∏‘ GSP ¥â«¬
°√–∫«π°“√ Õ∫ «π‡√‘Ë¡µâπ®“°°“√√âÕ߇√’¬π‚¥¬¿“§
‡Õ°π¢Õß À√—∞œ ®–‡ªìπºŸâ¬◊Ëπ§”√âÕߢՄÀâ¡’°“√ Õ∫ «π°“√
°√–∑”¢Õß√—∞∫“≈µà“ߪ√–‡∑» πÕ°®“°π’È USTR ¡’Õ”π“®
“¡“√∂∑’Ë®–‡√‘Ë¡°√–∫«π°“√ Õ∫ «π‰¥â¥â«¬µπ‡Õ߇àπ‡¥’¬«°—π
¿“¬„µâ¡“µ√“ 301 À√—∞œ ‰¥â°”Àπ¥‰¡à„Àâ ‘∑∏‘ GSP
·°àª√–‡∑» ¥—ßπ’È
- ª√–‡∑»æ—≤π“·≈â« ‡àπ ÕÕ ‡µ√‡≈’¬ π‘«´’·≈π¥å ·§π“¥“
À¿“æ¬ÿ‚√ª ≠’˪ÿÉπ
- ª√–‡∑» —ߧ¡π‘¬¡·≈–ª√–‡∑» ¡“‘°ºŸâ àßÕÕ°πÈ”¡—π
(OPEC) ‡à𠧑«∫“
- ª√–‡∑»∑’Ë∂Ÿ°‡æ‘°∂Õπ ‘∑∏‘‰ª·≈â« ‡àπ ¡“‡≈‡´’¬ ‰µâÀ«—π
‘ߧ‚ª√å ‡°“À≈’„µâ ·≈–Õ‘ √“‡Õ≈‡π◊ËÕß®“°¡’√–¥—∫°“√æ—≤π“∑“ß
16 √–∫∫°“√„Àâ ‘∑∏‘摇»…∑“ß¿“…’»ÿ≈°“°√¢Õß À√—∞œ
°Æ‡°≥±å°“√„Àâ ‘∑∏‘摇»…∑“ß¿“…’»ÿ≈°“°√‡ªìπ°“√∑—Ë«‰ª¢Õß À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“ 17

‡»√…∞°‘® Ÿß·≈–¡’§«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√·¢àߢ—π·≈â« π‘°“√“°—«´÷Ëß
∂Ÿ°‡æ‘°∂Õπ ‘∑∏‘‡π◊ËÕß®“°¡’°“√≈–‡¡‘¥ ‘∑∏‘·√ßß“π ·≈–¬Ÿ‡§√π
‡π◊ËÕß®“°¡’°“√≈–‡¡‘¥∑√—æ¬å ‘π∑“ߪí≠≠“
°“√µàÕÕ“¬ÿ ‘∑∏‘ GSP ªï 2550
·≈–º≈°√–∑∫µàÕ‰∑¬
18 √–∫∫°“√„Àâ ‘∑∏‘摇»…∑“ß¿“…’»ÿ≈°“°√¢Õß À√—∞œ
19

°“√µàÕÕ“¬ÿ‚§√ß°“√ GSP ªï 2550
‡¡◊ËÕ«—π∑’Ë 20 ∏—𫓧¡ 2549 ª√–∏“π“∏‘∫¥’ À√—∞œ ‰¥â≈ßπ“¡
„π√à“ß°ÆÀ¡“¬ Tax Relief and Health Care Act of 2006 ´÷Ëß√«¡∂÷ß
°“√µàÕÕ“¬ÿ GSP „Àâ·°àª√–‡∑»µà“ßÊ ÕÕ°‰ªÕ’° 2 ªï µ—Èß·µà 1 ¡°√“§¡
2550 › 31 ∏—𫓧¡ 2551 ¥â«¬
“√– ”§—≠¢Õß°ÆÀ¡“¬¥—ß°≈à“«„π à«π∑’ˇ°’ˬ«°—∫°“√µàÕÕ“¬ÿGSP
䴉ᡈ
1. ¢¬“¬ ‘∑∏‘ GSP ÕÕ°‰ªÕ’° 2 ªï (1 ¡°√“§¡ 2550 › 31 ∏—𫓧¡
2551)
2. „ÀâÕ”π“®ΩÉ“¬∫√‘À“√(ª√–∏“π“∏‘∫¥’) „π°“√æ‘®“√≥“µ—¥À√◊Õ
§ß ‘π§â“¢Õߪ√–‡∑»„¥Ê „π CNL Waiver list À“°ª√–‡∑»∑’ˉ¥â√—∫
‘∑∏‘ GSP àßÕÕ° ‘π§â“ª√–‡¿∑„¥Ê ‰ª À√—∞œ „π¡Ÿ≈§à“‡°‘π√âÕ¬≈–150
¢Õ߇楓π¡Ÿ≈§à“°“√π”‡¢â“ Ÿß ÿ¥∑’Ë À√—∞œ °”À𥉫â„π·µà≈–ªï À√◊Õ
‡∑à“°—∫‡°‘π 180 ≈â“π¥Õ≈≈“√å À√—∞ ‡ªìπ‡«≈“ 5 ªï À√◊Õ¡’ à«π·∫àßµ≈“¥
‡°‘π√âÕ¬≈– 75 „πµ≈“¥ À√—∞œ ‚¥¬ª√–∏“π“∏‘∫¥’®–‡ªìπºŸâª√–°“»µ—¥
À√◊Õ§ß ‘π§â“¢Õߪ√–‡∑»π—ÈπÊ ¿“¬„π«—π∑’Ë 1 °√°Æ“§¡ ¢Õß·µà≈–ªï
3. °“√∫—ߧ—∫„â°ÆÀ¡“¬π’È¡’≈—°…≥–‡ªìπ°“√„â¥ÿ≈¬æ‘π‘® (discretionary)
∑’Ë√—∞ ¿“®–µâÕßÀ“√◊Õ°—∫ΩÉ“¬∫√‘À“√µàÕ‰ª ·≈–ª√–‡∑»∑’ˉ¥â√—∫
‘∑∏‘ GSP ·≈–‡¢â“À≈—°‡°≥±å∑’Ë®–∂Ÿ°µ—¥ ‘∑∏‘ GSP “¡“√∂À“√◊Õ°—∫
ΩÉ“¬∫√‘À“√ °àÕπ∑’˪√–∏“π“∏‘∫¥’®–ª√–°“»Õ¬à“߇ªìπ∑“ß°“√„π«—π∑’Ë 1
°√°Æ“§¡ 2550
Timeline °“√ª√–°“» CNL Waiver ¢Õß À√—∞œ
°àÕπ∑’˪√–∏“π“∏‘∫¥’ À√—∞œ ®–ª√–°“»√“¬°“√ ‘π§â“∑’Ë®–∂Ÿ°µ—¥
‘∑∏‘ GSP „π«—π∑’Ë 1 °√°Ø“§¡ 2550 π—Èπ USTR ®–¥”‡π‘π°“√µ“¡
¢—ÈπµÕπµà“ßÊ ¥—ßπ’È
ë °ÿ¡¿“æ—π∏å 2550 USTR ®–ª√–°“»µ—«‡≈¢°“√π”‡¢â“ ‘π§â“ GSP
„π√Õ∫ 12 ‡¥◊Õπ¢Õߪï 2549 Õ¬à“߇ªìπ∑“ß°“√
ë À≈—ß®“°π—Èπ USTR ®–„⇫≈“ 30 «—π ‡æ◊ËÕ‡ªî¥√—∫øíߧ«“¡
§‘¥‡ÀÁπ®“°ºŸâ‡°’ˬ«¢âÕß∑—ÈßÀ¡¥
ë √–À«à“߇¥◊Õπ¡’π“§¡ › 情¿“§¡ ®–¡’°“√À“√◊Õ¿“¬„π
√–À«à“ßÀπ૬ߓπ∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß
ë USTR ®–欓¬“¡®—¥∑”°“√∑∫∑«π„Àâ·≈⫇ √Á®¿“¬„π«—π∑’Ë
30 ¡‘∂ÿπ“¬π 2550 ·≈–„π«—π∑’Ë 1 °√°Æ“§¡ 2550 ª√–∏“π“∏‘∫¥’®–
ª√–°“»√“¬◊ËÕ ‘π§â“ ∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„π CNL Waiver list ‚¥¬®–ª√–°“»√“¬◊ËÕ
‘π§â“∑’ˉ¥â√—∫ À√◊Õ ¬—ߧßÕ¬Ÿà„π CNL Waiver list ·µà®–‰¡àª√–°“»√“¬°“√
‘π§â“∑’Ë∂Ÿ°µ—¥ÕÕ°®“° CNL Waiver list
°“√„â ‘∑∏‘¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬
„πà«ß 5 ªï∑’˺à“π¡“ ‰∑¬‰¥â„â ‘∑∏‘ GSP ‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ¡“µ≈Õ¥ ‚¥¬
„πªï 2544 ‘π§â“ àßÕÕ°¢Õ߉∑¬¿“¬„µâ GSP ¡’¡Ÿ≈§à“ 2,201.29 ≈â“π
20 √–∫∫°“√„Àâ ‘∑∏‘摇»…∑“ß¿“…’»ÿ≈°“°√¢Õß À√—∞œ
°“√µàÕÕ“¬ÿ ‘∑∏‘ GSP ªï 2550 ·≈–º≈°√–∑∫µàÕ‰∑¬
21

¥Õ≈≈“√å À√—∞ ‡æ‘Ë¡‡ªìπ 3,575.23 ≈â“π¥Õ≈≈“√å À√—∞ „πªï 2548 (§‘¥
‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– 21.13 ¢Õß¡Ÿ≈§à“°“√ àßÕÕ°√«¡‰ª À√—∞œ ∑—ÈßÀ¡¥) ¢≥–π’È
‰∑¬„â ‘∑∏‘‡ªìπÕ—π¥—∫∑’Ë 4 √Õß®“°Õ‘π‡¥’¬ ·Õß‚°≈“ ·≈–∫√“´‘≈
ªï àßÕÕ°¿“¬„µâ GSP %‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß
2544 2,201.29 -
2545 2,311.98 +5.03
2546 2,701.77 +16.9
2547 3,143.24 +16.3
2548 3,575.23 +13.74
µ“√“ß∑’Ë 1: ¡Ÿ≈§à“°“√ àßÕÕ°¢Õ߉∑¬¿“¬„µâ ‘∑∏‘ GSP √–À«à“ߪï 2544-
2548 (≈â“π¥Õ≈≈“√å À√—∞)
∑’Ë¡“: United States International Trade Commission (USITC) Website
Total Exports to US Export under GSP
India 18,807 4,176
Angola 8,466 4,098
Brazil 24,437 3,628
Thailand 16,996 3,575
µ“√“ß∑’Ë 2: ª√–‡∑»∑’Ë„â ‘∑∏‘ GSP À√—∞œ 4 Õ—π¥—∫·√° (≈â“π¥Õ≈≈“√å
À√—∞)
∑’Ë¡“: United States International Trade Commission (USITC) Website
‡§√◊ËÕß√—∫‚∑√∑—»πå ’ (8528.12.28) ∫√√®ÿ¿—≥±å∑”¥â«¬æ≈“ µ‘°
(3923.21.00) ¬“߇√‡¥’¬≈ (4011.20.10) ‡§√◊ËÕß√Ÿªæ√√≥∑”¥â«¬‚≈À–‡ß‘π
(7113.11.50) ‚æ≈‘‡Õ∑‘≈’π‡∑‡√ø∑“‡≈µ (3907.60.00) °√Õ∫‰¡â ”À√—∫
√Ÿª«“¥ √Ÿª∂à“¬ °√–®°‡ß“ (4414.00.00) Õ“À“√ª√ÿß·µàß (2106.90.99)
ÿ¥ “¬‰ø„â°—∫√∂¬πµå ‡§√◊ËÕß∫‘πÀ√◊Õ‡√◊Õ (8544.30.00) ·≈–¢Õß„â∫π‚µä–
Õ“À“√∑”®“°Õ–≈Ÿ¡‘‡π’¬¡ (7615.19.30) √«¡‡ªìπ¡Ÿ≈§à“ 1,377.95 ≈â“π
¥Õ≈≈“√å À√—∞ À√◊Õ§‘¥‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– 38.54 ¢Õß¡Ÿ≈§à“°“√ àßÕÕ°¿“¬„µâ GSP
∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ (3,575.23 ≈â“π¥Õ≈≈“√å À√—∞) ·≈–√âÕ¬≈– 8.1 ¢Õß¡Ÿ≈§à“°“√
àßÕÕ°‰ª À√—∞œ ∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ (16,996 ≈â“π¥Õ≈≈“√å À√—∞)
„πªï 2548 ‰∑¬‰¥â√—∫ CNL Waiver ”À√—∫ ‘π§â“ 10 π‘¥ ‰¥â·°à
Àπ—ß‚§/°√–∫◊ÕøÕ° (4107.19.40) (4107.99.40), ¥Õ°‰¡âª√–¥‘…∞å
(6702.90.65), ‡§√◊ËÕß√Ÿªæ√√≥∑”¥â«¬‡ß‘π (7113.11.20) (7113.11.50),
Õ—≠¡≥’·≈–‡§√◊ËÕߪ√–¥—∫∑”¥â«¬‚≈À–¡’§à“ (7113.19.50), æ—¥≈¡µ‘¥‡æ¥“π
(8414.51.30), ‡§√◊ËÕß√—∫‚∑√∑—»πå ’ (8528.12.28), ÿ¥ “¬‰ø„â°—∫√∂¬πµå
‡§√◊ËÕß∫‘πÀ√◊Õ‡√◊Õ (8544.30.00), ·≈– ‡§√◊ËÕß∂à“¬‡Õ° “√ (9009.12.00)
Õ¬à“߉√°Á¥’ Interim Report 2006 ¢Õß USTR ‰¥â‡æ‘Ë¡ ‘π§â“‰∑¬
Õ’° 8 √“¬°“√‰«â„π CNL Waiver List ‚¥¬ ‘π§â“∑—Èß 8 √“¬°“√¥—ß°≈à“«Õ¬Ÿà
„π¢à“¬∑’Ë®–‰¥â√—∫°“√¬°‡«âπ°“√„â°Æ CNL ‡π◊ËÕß®“°¡’§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘∑’ˉ¥â
√—∫¬°‡«âπµ“¡À≈—°‡°≥±å De Minimis Waiver ‘π§â“∑’Ë 8 √“¬°“√‰¥â·°à
∑ÿ‡√’¬π ¥ (0810.60.60.) ¡–≈–°ÕÕ∫·Àâß (0813.40.10) ¡–¢“¡Õ∫·Àâß
(0813.40.80) ·ªÑߢ⓫‡®â“ (1102.30.30) º≈‰¡â·àÕ‘Ë¡ (2006.00.70) ¡–≈–°Õ
(2008.99.50) Àπ—ß‚§°√–∫◊Õ (4101.20.35) ·≈–‡§√◊ËÕß√—∫‚∑√∑—»πå ’
(8528.12.44)
‘π§â“ àßÕÕ°‰ª¬—ß À√—∞œ ¿“¬„µâ ‘∑∏‘摇»… GSP Ÿß ÿ¥ 10 Õ—π¥—∫
„πªï 2548 ‰¥â·°à Õ—≠¡≥’·≈–‡§√◊ËÕߪ√–¥—∫∑”¥â«¬‚≈À–¡’§à“ (7113.19.50)
22 √–∫∫°“√„Àâ ‘∑∏‘摇»…∑“ß¿“…’»ÿ≈°“°√¢Õß À√—∞œ
°“√µàÕÕ“¬ÿ ‘∑∏‘ GSP ªï 2550 ·≈–º≈°√–∑∫µàÕ‰∑¬
23

‘π§â“∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„π¢à“¬∂Ÿ°µ—¥ ‘∑∏‘¿“¬À≈—ß°“√µàÕÕ“¬ÿGSP ªï2550
®“° ∂‘µ‘∑’Ë· ¥ß‰«â„πµ“√“ß∑’Ë 3 æ∫«à“ ‘π§â“ 10 Õ—π¥—∫·√°
¢Õ߉∑¬∑’Ë„â ‘∑∏‘ GSP ‰¡à¡’ ‘π§â“„¥∑’Ë¡’ à«π·∫àߢÕßµ≈“¥ À√—∞œ ‡°‘π
√âÕ¬≈– 50 ·µà¡’ ‘π§â“ 3 √“¬°“√ (Õ—≠¡≥’·≈–‡§√◊ËÕߪ√–¥—∫ ‡§√◊ËÕß√—∫
‚∑√∑—»πå ’·≈–∫√√®ÿ¿—≥±å∑”¥â«¬æ≈“ µ‘°) ∑’Ë¡’¡Ÿ≈§à“π”‡¢â“‡°‘π‡°≥±å120
≈â“π¥Õ≈≈“√å À√—∞ ·≈–Õ¬Ÿà„π¢à“¬∑’Ë®–∂Ÿ°µ—¥ ‘∑∏‘ GSP Õ¬à“߉√°Á¥’
Õ—≠¡≥’·≈–‡§√◊ËÕߪ√–¥—∫ ·≈–‡§√◊ËÕß√—∫‚∑√∑—»πå ’‡ªìπ ‘π§â“∑’ˉ¥â√—∫
°“√¬°‡«âπ¿“¬„µâ°Æ CNL (µ“¡µ“√“ß 4) ¥—ßπ—Èπ ®÷ß¡’‡©æ“– ‘π§â“
∫√√®ÿ¿—≥±å∑”¥â«¬æ≈“ µ‘°∑’Ë®–∂Ÿ°µ—¥ GSP
Õ¬à“߉√°Á¥’ °ÆÀ¡“¬ Tax Relief and Health Care Act of 2006
‰¥â°”Àπ¥À≈—°‡°≥±å„π°“√µ—¥ ‘∑∏‘ GSP ¢Õß ‘π§â“„π CNL Waiver
list „À¡à ‚¥¬À“°ª√–‡∑»∑’ˉ¥â√—∫ ‘∑∏‘ GSP àßÕÕ° ‘π§â“ª√–‡¿∑„¥Ê
‰ª À√—∞œ „π¡Ÿ≈§à“‡°‘π√âÕ¬≈–150 ¢Õ߇楓π¡Ÿ≈§à“°“√π”‡¢â“ Ÿß ÿ¥∑’Ë
À√—∞œ °”À𥉫â„π·µà≈–ªï À√◊Õ‡∑à“°—∫‡°‘π 180 ≈â“π ¥Õ≈≈“√å À√—∞
µ‘¥µàÕ°—π‡ªìπ‡«≈“ 5 ªï À√◊Õ¡’ à«π·∫àßµ≈“¥‡°‘π√âÕ¬≈– 75 „πµ≈“¥
À√—∞œ ‘π§â“π‘¥π—Èπ®–Õ¬Ÿà„π¢à“¬∑’Ë®–∂Ÿ°µ—¥ ‘∑∏‘ GSP
°ÆÀ¡“¬ Tax Relief and Health Care Act of 2006 ¢â“ßµâπ
àߺ≈„Àâ ‘π§â“‰∑¬∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„π¢à“¬∑’Ë®–∂Ÿ°µ—¥ ‘∑∏‘ GSP ‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡§◊Õ ‘π§â“
°≈ÿ à¡Õ—≠¡≥’∑’Ë∑”®“°‚≈À–∑Õß ´÷Ëß„πªï 2548 àßÕÕ°‰ª À√—∞œ §‘¥
‡ªìπ¡Ÿ≈§à“ 590.71 ≈â“π¥Õ≈≈“√å À√—∞ À√◊Õ§‘¥‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– 16.5 ¢Õß¡Ÿ≈§à“
°“√ àßÕÕ°¿“¬„µâ ‘∑∏‘ GSP (3,575.23 ≈â“π¥Õ≈≈“√å À√—∞) ‚¥¬ ‘π§â“
Õ◊ËπÊ „π CNL Waiver list ¬—ߧ߉¥â√—∫ ‘∑∏‘ª√–‚¬πåµàÕ‰ª
µ“√“ß∑’Ë 3: √“¬°“√ ‘π§â“∑’Ë à߉ª À√—∞œ ¿“¬„µâ ‘∑∏‘ GSP Ÿß ÿ¥ 10
Õ—π¥—∫·√° (≈â“π¥Õ≈≈“√å À√—∞)
≈”¥—∫ √“¬°“√ àßÕÕ°¿“¬„µâ àßÕÕ°¿“¬„µâ
% ‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß
GSP ªï 2547 GSP ªï 2548
1. Õ—≠¡≥’·≈–‡§√◊ËÕߪ√–¥—∫
∑”¥â«¬‚≈À–¡’§à“ 580.76 590.71 1.7
2. ‡§√◊ËÕß√—∫‚∑√∑—»πå ’ 182.44 170.29 -6.7
3. ∫√√®ÿ¿—≥±å∑”¥â«¬æ≈“ µ‘° 66.20 129.50 95.6
4. ¬“߇√‡¥’¬≈ 12.37 82.91 570.3
5. ‡§√◊ËÕß√Ÿªæ√√≥∑”¥â«¬
‚≈À–‡ß‘π¡’§à“ - 82.16 -
6. ‚æ≈‘‡Õ∑‘≈’π‡∑‡√ø∑“‡≈µ 57.58 68.21 18.5
7. °√Õ∫‰¡â ”À√—∫√Ÿª«“¥
√Ÿª∂à“¬ °√–®°‡ß“ 78.04 66.41 -14.9
8. Õ“À“√ª√ÿß·µàß 50.97 65.41 28.3
9. ÿ¥ “¬‰ø„â°—∫√∂¬πµå
‡§√◊ËÕß∫‘πÀ√◊Õ‡√◊Õ 130.51 63.15 -51.6
10. ¢Õß„â∫π‚µä–Õ“À“√
∑”®“°Õ–≈Ÿ¡‘‡π’¬¡ - 59.2 -
√«¡ (10) Õ—π¥—∫·√° 1,158.87 1,377.95 18.9
Õ◊ËπÊ 1,984.37 2,197.28 10.7
√«¡∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ 3,143.24 3,575.23 13.7
À¡“¬‡Àµÿ: µ—«‡≈¢Õâ“ßÕ‘ß®“° United States International Trade Commission
(USITC) Website
24 √–∫∫°“√„Àâ ‘∑∏‘摇»…∑“ß¿“…’»ÿ≈°“°√¢Õß À√—∞œ
°“√µàÕÕ“¬ÿ ‘∑∏‘ GSP ªï 2550 ·≈–º≈°√–∑∫µàÕ‰∑¬
25

µ“√“ß∑’Ë 4: √“¬°“√ ‘π§â“∑’ˉ∑¬‰¥â√—∫ CNL Waivers
HTS 8-Digit HTS 8-Digit Description Year of Action
4107.19.40 Buffalo leather, without hair on, 1997 (originally
parchment-dressed or prepared after granted to 4104.39.20,
tanning, other than full grains and for which data
grain splits provided through
2001)
4107.99.40 Buffalo leather, without hair on, 1997 (originally
parchment-dressed or prepared after granted to 4104.39.20,
tanning, other than full grains and for which data
grain splits provided through
2001)
6702.90.65 Artificial flowers/foliage/fruit & pts 1995
thereof; articles of artif. flowers,
etc.; all the foregoing of materials
o/than plast./feath./mmf
7113.11.20 Silver articles of jewelry and parts 1995
thereof, nesoi, valued not over
$18 per dozen pieces or parts
7113.11.50 Silver articles of jewelry and parts 2005
thereof, nesoi, valued over
$18 per dozen pieces or parts
7113.19.50 Precious metal (o/than silver) 1995
articles of jewelry and parts thereo,
whether or not plated or clad with
precious metal, nesoi
8414.51.30 Ceiling fans for permanent 2003
installation, with a self-contained
electric motor of an output not
exceeding 125 W
HTS 8-Digit HTS 8-Digit Description Year of Action
8528.12.28 Non-high definition color television 2003
reception app., nonprojection,
w/CRT, video display diag.
ov 35.56 cm, incorporating a
VCR or player
8544.30.00 Insulated ignition wiring sets and 2003
other wiring sets of a kind used in
vehicles, aircraft or ships
9009.12.00 Electrostatic photocopying apparatus, 2005
operating by reproducing the original
image via an intermediate onto the
copy (indirect process)
∑’Ë¡“: United States International Trade Commission (USITC) Website
°“√¥”‡π‘π°“√¢Õ߉∑¬„π°“√‚πâ¡πâ“«„Àâ À√—∞œ µàÕÕ“¬ÿGSP ·≈–
·π«∑“ß°“√¥”‡π‘π°“√„π√–¬–µàÕ‰ª
26 √–∫∫°“√„Àâ ‘∑∏‘摇»…∑“ß¿“…’»ÿ≈°“°√¢Õß À√—∞œ
°“√µàÕÕ“¬ÿ ‘∑∏‘ GSP ªï 2550 ·≈–º≈°√–∑∫µàÕ‰∑¬
27

°“√¥”‡π‘π°“√¢Õ߉∑¬„π°“√‚πâ¡πâ“«
„Àâ À√—∞œ µàÕÕ“¬ÿGSP
·≈–·π«∑“ß°“√¥”‡π‘π°“√„π√–¬–µàÕ‰ª
28 √–∫∫°“√„Àâ ‘∑∏‘摇»…∑“ß¿“…’»ÿ≈°“°√¢Õß À√—∞œ
29

µ—Èß·µà‡¥◊Õπµÿ≈“§¡ 2548 ∑’ËΩÉ“¬ À√—∞œ ‰¥â‡√‘Ë¡°√–∫«π°“√
∑∫∑«π°“√µàÕÕ“¬ÿ GSP °√–∑√«ß°“√µà“ߪ√–‡∑»·≈– ∂“π
‡Õ°Õ—§√√“∑Ÿµ ≥ °√ÿß«Õ‘ßµ—π‰¥â¥”‡π‘π°“√‡®√®“‚πâ¡πâ“«·≈–º≈—°¥—π
∑“ß°“√‡¡◊Õß°—∫√–¥—∫ Ÿß¢Õß∑—ÈßΩÉ“¬∫√‘À“√·≈–𑵑∫—≠≠—µ‘¢Õß À√—∞œ
‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâµ√–Àπ—°∂÷ߧ«“¡ ”§—≠¢Õß°“√„âª√–‚¬π宓° ‘∑∏‘ GSP ¢Õß
‰∑¬ √«¡∑—Èߺ≈°√–∑∫∑“ߥâ“π‡»√…∞°‘®·≈–§«“¡¡—Ëπ§ß∑’ËÕ“®‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ
®“°°“√∂Ÿ°µ—¥ ‘∑∏‘ GSP
„π°“√¥”‡π‘π°“√∑“ß°“√‡¡◊Õß ºŸâ·∑π√–¥—∫ Ÿß¢Õß°√–∑√«ß°“√
µà“ߪ√–‡∑» ‚¥¬‡©æ“–√—∞¡πµ√’«à“°“√°√–∑√«ß°“√µà“ߪ√–‡∑»‰¥â¬°
ª√–‡¥Áπ‡√◊ËÕß°“√µàÕÕ“¬ÿ GSP ¢÷ÈπÀ“√◊Õ°—∫ΩÉ“¬ À√—∞œ πÕ°®“°π’È ‡¡◊ËÕ
«—π∑’Ë 28 ‘ßÀ“§¡ 2549 ¥√. °—πµ∏’√å »ÿ¿¡ß§≈ √—∞¡πµ√’«à“°“√°√–∑√«ß°“√
µà“ߪ√–‡∑»‰¥â¡’Àπ—ß ◊Õ∂÷ß ¥√. Condoleezza Rice √—∞¡πµ√’«à“°“√
°√–∑√«ß°“√µà“ߪ√–‡∑» À√—∞œ π“ß Susan Schwab ºŸâ·∑π°“√§â“ À√—∞œ
𓬠Stephen J. Hadley ∑’˪√÷°…“ª√–∏“π“∏‘∫¥’ À√—∞œ ¥â“𧫓¡¡—Ëπ§ß
𓬠Richard Lugar «ÿ≤‘ ¡“‘°·≈–ª√–∏“π§≥–°√√¡“∏‘°“√¥â“π°“√
µà“ߪ√–‡∑» ·≈–𓬠Christopher çKité Bond «ÿ≤‘ ¡“‘°∑’Ë¡’§«“¡
„°≈â‘¥°—∫‰∑¬ ‚¥¬’È«à“ ‘∑∏‘摇»… GSP ¡’ à«π ”§—≠µàÕ¢¬“¬µ—«¥â“π
°“√ àßÕÕ°·≈–°“√æ—≤π“∑“߇»√…∞°‘®¢Õߪ√–‡∑» ·≈–°“√√–ß—∫°“√
„Àâ ‘∑∏‘摇»…¥—ß°≈à“«®– àߺ≈µàÕ¢’¥§«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√·¢àߢ—π„π
µ≈“¥ À√—∞œ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–Õ¬à“߬‘Ëß ª√–‡∑»®’π ´÷Ë߇ªìπ§Ÿà·¢àß∑’Ë¡’§«“¡‰¥â
‡ª√’¬∫‰∑¬„π¥â“π°“√¡’µâπ∑ÿπ°“√º≈‘µ∑’˵˔·≈–‰¥â√—∫°“√Õÿ¥Àπÿπ®“°
√—∞∫“≈
πÕ°®“°π’È ΩÉ“¬‰∑¬‰¥â¬°‡Àµÿº≈∑’Ë«à“ ‰∑¬¡’∫∑∫“∑ π—∫ πÿπ
π‚¬∫“¬ À√—∞œ „πÀ≈“°À≈“¬¡‘µ‘ ∑—Èß„π¥â“π°“√‡¡◊Õß §«“¡¡—Ëπ§ß ·≈–
°“√µàÕµâ“π°“√°àÕ°“√√⓬¥â«¬ À√—∞œ ®÷ßπà“®–æ‘®“√≥“µàÕÕ“¬ÿ‚§√ß°“√
GSP „π∞“π–∑’ˉ∑¬‡ªìπæ—π∏¡‘µ√∑’Ë„°≈â‘¥„π¿Ÿ¡‘¿“§π’È ∑—Èßπ’È À“°‚§√ß°“√
GSP ∂Ÿ°¬°‡≈‘°‰ª ¬àÕ¡ àߺ≈°√–∑∫‡ ’¬À“¬µàÕ§«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√·¢àß
¢—π °“√‡µ‘∫‚µ∑“߇»√…∞°‘®·≈–°“√§â“°“√≈ß∑ÿπ√–À«à“߉∑¬- À√—∞œ
ΩÉ“¬‰∑¬‡ÀÁπ«à“‚§√ß°“√ GSP ¡’§«“¡ ”§—≠„π∞“𖇪ìπ ‘ËßµÕ°¬È”¡‘µ√¿“æ
√–À«à“ß Õߪ√–‡∑» ´÷Ëß®–𔉪 Ÿà°“√‡ªìπÀÿ âπ à«π∑“߇»√…∞°‘®∑’Ë„°≈â‘¥
¡“°¢÷Èπ ¥—ßπ—Èπ À√—∞œ §«√§”π÷ß∂÷߇Àµÿº≈∑—Èß∑“߇»√…∞°‘® µ≈Õ¥®π
º≈°√–∑∫∑“ß°“√‡¡◊Õß·≈– —ߧ¡¥â«¬
‡Õ°Õ—§√√“∑Ÿµ ≥ °√ÿß«Õ‘ßµ—π„π∞“π–À—«Àπâ“∑’¡ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬
‰¥â√à«¡°—∫Àπ૬ߓπ∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕߢÕ߉∑¬„π°√ÿß«Õ‘ßµ—π„π°“√º≈—°¥—π
·≈–‚πâ¡πâ“«„ÀâΩÉ“¬∫√‘À“√¢Õß À√—∞œ æ‘®“√≥“ π—∫ πÿπ°“√µàÕÕ“¬ÿGSP
„Àâ‰∑¬ Õ“∑‘ 𓬠Carlos M. Gutierrez √—∞¡πµ√’«à“°“√°√–∑√«ßæ“≥‘¬å
À√—∞œ 𓬠Eric John √ÕߺŸâ૬√—∞¡πµ√’«à“°“√°√–∑√«ß°“√µà“ߪ√–‡∑»
À√—∞œ ¥â“π°‘®°“√‡Õ‡’¬·ª´‘øî° π“¬ Peter Rodman ºŸâ૬√—∞¡πµ√’
«à“°“√°√–∑√«ß°≈“‚À¡ À√—∞œ ·≈–𓬠Holly Marrow ºŸâÕ”π«¬°“√
ΩÉ“¬°‘®°“√‡Õ‡’¬·ª´‘øî° ¿“§«“¡¡—Ëπ§ß À√—∞œ ‡ªìπµâπ
πÕ°®“°π’È π“¬‡°√‘°‰°√ ®‘√·æ∑¬å √—∞¡πµ√’«à“°“√°√–∑√«ßæ“≥‘¬å
‰¥â¡’Àπ—ß ◊Õ∂÷ßπ“ß Susan Schwab ºŸâ·∑π°“√§â“ À√—∞œ °≈à“«∂÷ß
ª√–‚¬πå∑’ˉ∑¬‰¥â√—∫®“° ‘∑∏‘ GSP ¢Õß À√—∞œ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–µàÕ°“√æ—≤π“
‡»√…∞°‘®·≈– —ߧ¡¢Õߪ√–‡∑» √«¡∑—Èߺ≈°√–∑∫∑’Ë®–‡°‘¥µàÕ¢’¥§«“¡
“¡“√∂„π°“√·¢àߢ—π¢Õ߉∑¬„πµ≈“¥ À√—∞œ
„πà«ß∑’Ë®–¡’°“√π”√à“ß°ÆÀ¡“¬°“√µàÕÕ“¬ÿ GSP ‡¢â“ Ÿà°“√
æ‘®“√≥“¢Õß√—∞ ¿“ À√—∞œ ∂“π‡Õ°Õ—§√√“∑Ÿµ ≥ °√ÿß«Õ‘ßµ—π‰¥â¡’
°“√À“√◊ÕÕ¬à“ßµàÕ‡π◊ËÕß°—∫Àπ૬ߓπ·≈–∫ÿ§§≈ΩÉ“¬ À√—∞∑’Ë¡’Õ”π“®
µ—¥ ‘π„®„π°“√æ‘®“√≥“∑∫∑«π GSP √«¡∑—È߉¥â¡’Àπ—ß ◊Õ∂÷ß ¡“‘°
30 √–∫∫°“√„Àâ ‘∑∏‘摇»…∑“ß¿“…’»ÿ≈°“°√¢Õß À√—∞œ
°“√¥”‡π‘π°“√¢Õ߉∑¬„π°“√‚πâ¡πâ“«„Àâ À√—∞œ µàÕÕ“¬ÿGSP
31

√—∞ ¿“ À√—∞∑’Ë¡’∫∑∫“∑ ”§—≠·≈–‡ªìπ¡‘µ√°—∫ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ‡àπ 𓬠Max
Baucus «ÿ≤‘ ¡“‘° 𓬠Bill Frist «ÿ≤‘ ¡“‘° 𓬠Charles Grassley
«ÿ≤‘ ¡“‘° 𓬠Bill Thomas ¡“‘° ¿“ºŸâ·∑π√“…Æ√ 𓬠Harry
Reid «ÿ≤‘ ¡“‘° ·≈–𓬠Charles Rangel ¡“‘° ¿“ºŸâ·∑π√“…Æ√
‡æ◊ËÕ¢Õ√—∫°“√ π—∫ πÿπ„Àâ¡’°“√ §ß ‘∑∏‘ GSP „Àâ·°à‰∑¬Õ’°∑“ßÀπ÷Ëß
‚¥¬¬È”∂÷ߧ«“¡®”‡ªìπ∑’ˉ∑¬µâÕ߉¥â√—∫ ‘∑∏‘ GSP µàÕ‰ª ‚¥¬ ‘∑∏‘ GSP
¡’§«“¡ ”§—≠µàÕ°“√æ—≤𓇻√…∞°‘®·≈–°“√≈¥àÕß«à“ß∑“߇»√…∞°‘®
¢Õߪ√–“π„πª√–‡∑» √«¡∑—Èß°“√ à߇ √‘¡Õÿµ “À°√√¡¢π“¥‡≈Á°
·≈–¢π“¥°≈“ß„π∏ÿ√°‘®Õ—≠¡≥’¢Õ߉∑¬ ´÷Ëß¡’·√ßß“π à«π„À≠à¡“®“°æ◊Èπ∑’Ë
„π¿“§„µâ πÕ°®“°π’È °“√§ß°“√„Àâ ‘∑∏‘ GSP ·°à‰∑¬µàÕ‰ª ®–૬„Àâ
‰∑¬ “¡“√∂√—°…“√–¥—∫°“√·¢àߢ—π°—∫µà“ß“µ‘ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–®’π ´÷Ë߉¥â
·¬àßµ≈“¥¢Õ߉∑¬„π À√—∞œ ‰ª¡“°·≈â«
®“°°“√∑’Ë USTR ‰¥â‡ªî¥‚Õ°“ „À⺟â∑’ËÕ“®‰¥â√—∫º≈°√–∑∫®“°
∑—Èß¿“§√—∞·≈–¿“§‡Õ°π (stakeholders) “¡“√∂’È·®ß·≈–„Àâ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈
‡æ◊ËÕª√–°Õ∫°“√æ‘®“√≥“°Æ‡°≥±å°“√µàÕÕ“¬ÿ ‘∑∏‘ GSP °√–∑√«ß°“√
µà“ߪ√–‡∑»‰¥âª√– “πß“π°—∫°√–∑√«ßæ“≥‘¬å ·≈– ¡“§¡¿“§‡Õ°π
Õ¬à“ß„°≈â‘¥ ‚¥¬‡©æ“– ¡“§¡ºŸâ§â“Õ—≠¡≥’‰∑¬·≈–‡§√◊ËÕߪ√–¥—∫
´÷Ë߇ªìπ°≈ÿ à¡Õÿµ “À°√√¡∑’ˉ¥â√—∫º≈°√–∑∫®“°°“√∂Ÿ°µ—¥ ‘∑∏‘ GSP ¡“°
∑’Ë ÿ¥ ‚¥¬‰¥â¡’°“√®—¥„Àâ¿“§‡Õ°π‰∑¬‰¥âæ∫À“√◊Õ°—∫ΩÉ“¬ À√—∞œ ∑’Ë
‡°’ˬ«¢âÕß ·≈–®—¥∑”¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈·≈–¢âÕ§‘¥‡ÀÁπµà“ßÊ (comments) ¢Õß¿“§‡Õ°π
‡æ◊ËÕª√–°Õ∫°“√æ‘®“√≥“¢ÕßΩÉ“¬ À√—∞œ √«¡∑—È߉¥â¡’°“√ª√– “πß“π
„π°“√«à“®â“ß∫√‘…—∑ Preston Gate Ellis ‡æ◊ËÕ„À⧔ª√÷°…“·≈–૬º≈—°
¥—π„Àâ√—∞ ¿“ À√—∞œ „Àâ°“√ π—∫ πÿπ‰∑¬¥â«¬
πÕ°®“°π’È °√¡°“√§â“µà“ߪ√–‡∑» ·≈– ¡“§¡ºŸâ§â“Õ—≠¡≥’‰∑¬
·≈–‡§√◊ËÕߪ√–¥—∫ ·≈–°≈ÿà¡Õÿµ “À°√√¡æ≈“ µ‘°√«¡ 113 √“¬ ‰¥â àß
¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈·≈–¢âÕ§‘¥‡ÀÁπ‰ª¬—ß USTR ‡æ◊ËÕ¢Õ„Àâæ‘®“√≥“°“√µàÕÕ“¬ÿ GSP
„Àâ°—∫‰∑¬ √ÿªª√–‡¥Áπ∑’˪√“°Ø„π‡Õ° “√’È·®ß¢Õ߉∑¬®—¥∑”‚¥¬
°√–∑√«ßæ“≥‘¬å√à«¡°—∫¿“§‡Õ°π ¥—ßπ’È
ë °“√ Ÿ≠‡ ’¬§«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√·¢àߢ—π„πµ≈“¥ À√—∞œ ‚¥¬
‡©æ“–ºŸâª√–°Õ∫°“√∑’ˇªìπ SME ·≈–‚¥¬∑’ˇ»√…∞°‘®‰∑¬æ÷Ëßæ“°“√ àßÕÕ°
‡ªìπÕ¬à“ß¡“° °“√µ—¥ GSP ®–°àÕ„À⇰‘¥º≈°√–∑∫Õ¬à“ß ŸßµàÕ‡»√…∞°‘®
ª√–“°√‰∑¬ à«π¡“°¬—ßÕ“»—¬Õ¬Ÿà„ππ∫∑ ·≈–¬—ß¡’§«“¡‡ªìπÕ¬Ÿà„π√–¥—∫
∑’˵˔ °“√µ—¥ GSP ®–‡ªìπ°“√´È”‡µ‘¡ªí≠À“§«“¡¬“°®π·≈–°àÕ„À⇰‘¥
ªí≠À“∑“ß —ߧ¡µ“¡¡“
ë ‘π§â“‰∑¬µâÕ߇º‘≠°—∫°“√·¢àߢ—π∑’Ë ŸßÕ¬Ÿà·≈â« ‚¥¬‡©æ“–®“°
ª√–‡∑»®’𠷧𓥓 ‡¡Á°´‘‚° ≠’˪ÿÉπ ‡°“À≈’„µâ ¥—ß®–‡ÀÁπ‰¥â®“° à«π·∫àß
µ≈“¥ À√—∞œ ¢Õß ‘π§â“‰∑¬∑’Ë≈¥≈ßÕ¬à“ßµàÕ‡π◊ËÕß °“√¡’ GSP ‡ªìπ°“√
√—°…“√–¥—∫§«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√·¢àߢ—π¢Õߪ√–‡∑»µà“ßÊ ¥â«¬ (ensure
level playing field)
ë °“√µ—¥ GSP ¢Õ߉∑¬‰¡à‰¥â૬„Àâ À√—∞œ ∫√√≈ÿ‡ªÑ“À¡“¬¢Õßµπ
„π°“√°√–®“¬º≈ª√–‚¬πå„Àâ°—∫ª√–‡∑»¥âÕ¬æ—≤π“Õ◊ËπÊ ·µà‡ªìπ°“√
„Àâª√–‚¬πå°—∫ª√–‡∑»∑’Ë¡’§«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√·¢àߢ—πÕ¬Ÿà·≈â«
πÕ°®“°π’È ¡“§¡Õ—≠¡≥’‰∑¬·≈–‡§√◊ËÕߪ√–¥—∫‰¥â· ¥ß§«“¡
°—ß«≈«à“ °“√µ—¥ GSP ®–°àÕ„À⇰‘¥°“√«à“ßß“π„πª√–‡∑» ·≈–∑”„Àâ°“√ àß
ÕÕ°¡’µâπ∑ÿπ Ÿß¢÷Èπ ª√–¡“≥√âÕ¬≈– 5.5 √«¡∑—Èß®–°àÕ„À⇰‘¥°“√¬â“¬
∞“π°“√º≈‘µ·≈–°“√∂à“¬‚Õπ‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’‰ª¬—ߪ√–‡∑»®’π¥â«¬
·π«∑“ß°“√¥”‡π‘π°“√„π√–¬–µàÕ‰ª¢Õ߉∑¬
·¡â‡ªìπ∑’Ë—¥‡®π·≈â««à“ À√—∞œ ‰¥â¢¬“¬°“√„Àâ ‘∑∏‘ GSP ÕÕ°
‰ªÕ’° 2 ªï ‚¥¬®–À¡¥Õ“¬ÿ„π«—π∑’Ë 31 ∏—𫓧¡ 2551 Õ¬à“߉√°Á¥’
‡¡◊ËÕæ‘®“√≥“∂÷߇ß◊ËÕπ‰¢∑’Ë√–∫ÿ‰«â„π°ÆÀ¡“¬¥—ß°≈à“« ´÷Ë߉¥â„ÀâÕ”π“®
ª√–∏“π“∏‘∫¥’„π°“√µ—¥À√◊է߰“√„Àâ ‘∑∏‘ GSP ·°à°≈ÿà¡ ‘π§â“„π CNL
32 √–∫∫°“√„Àâ ‘∑∏‘摇»…∑“ß¿“…’»ÿ≈°“°√¢Õß À√—∞œ
°“√¥”‡π‘π°“√¢Õ߉∑¬„π°“√‚πâ¡πâ“«„Àâ À√—∞œ µàÕÕ“¬ÿGSP
33

Waiver List ‚¥¬‰¥â°”Àπ¥§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘¢Õß ‘π§â“∑’ËÕ“®∂Ÿ°µ—¥ ‘∑∏‘ GSP
‰«â 2 ª√–°“√§◊Õ
1. ‡ªìπ ‘π§â“∑’Ë àßÕÕ°‰ª À√—∞œ ¡’¡Ÿ≈§à“‡°‘π√âÕ¬≈– 150 ¢Õß
‡°≥±å CNL ∑’ˉ¥â√—∫ªí®®ÿ∫—π À√◊Õ‡∑à“°—∫‡°‘π 180 ≈â“π¥Õ≈≈“√å À√—∞
‡ªìπ‡«≈“ 5 ªï À√◊Õ
2. ¡’ à«π·∫àßµ≈“¥ À√—∞œ ‡°‘π√âÕ¬≈– 75
‚¥¬ª√–∏“π“∏‘∫¥’®–‡ªìπºŸâª√–°“»µ—¥À√◊Õ§ß ‘π§â“¢Õߪ√–‡∑»
π—ÈπÊ ¿“¬„π«—π∑’Ë 1 °√°Æ“§¡ ¢Õß·µà≈–ªï ∑—Èßπ’È ª√–∏“π“∏‘∫¥’®–À“√◊Õ
°—∫√—∞ ¿“·≈– USTR ‡æ◊ËÕ√à«¡°—π°”Àπ¥√“¬°“√ ‘π§â“∑’Ë®–∂Ÿ°µ—¥ ‘∑∏‘
µàÕ‰ª
‡¡◊ËÕæ‘®“√≥“∂÷ß√“¬°“√ ‘π§â“¢Õ߉∑¬„π CNL Waiver List ´÷Ëß
¡’Õ¬Ÿà 10 √“¬°“√ æ∫«à“ ¡’‡æ’¬ß ‘π§â“°≈ÿ à¡Õ—≠¡≥’∑’Ë∑”®“°‚≈À–∑Õ߇∑à“π—Èπ
∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„π¢à“¬∂Ÿ°µ—¥ ‘∑∏‘ ·µà‡¡◊ËÕæ‘®“√≥“∂÷ß¡Ÿ≈§à“°“√ àßÕÕ°¢Õß ‘π§â“°≈ÿ à¡
¥—ß°≈à“«∑’Ë Ÿß∂÷ß 590.72 ≈â“π¥Õ≈≈“√å À√—∞ À√◊Õ§‘¥‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– 16.5
¢Õß°“√ àßÕÕ°¢Õ߉∑¬‰ª À√—∞œ ¿“¬„µâ GSP °“√∑’Ë ‘π§â“°≈ÿ à¡Õ—≠¡≥’∂Ÿ°
µ—¥ ‘∑∏‘ GSP ¬àÕ¡®– àߺ≈°√–∑∫‚¥¬µ√ßµàÕ¢’¥§«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√
·¢àߢ—π ·≈–°“√ àßÕÕ°‰ª À√—∞œ „π¿“æ√«¡ √«¡∑—Èß®–°√–∑∫µàÕ
§πß“π‰∑¬∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫∏ÿ√°‘®Õ—≠¡≥’‡ªìπ®”π«π¡“° ‰∑¬®÷ß®”‡ªìπ
µâÕß‚πâ¡πâ“«ΩÉ“¬ À√—∞œ ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ§ß°“√„Àâ ‘∑∏‘·°à ‘π§â“°≈ÿ à¡Õ—≠¡≥’ ·≈–
¬◊π¬—π„Àâ ‘π§â“Õ◊ËπÊ ¬—߉¥â√—∫ ‘∑∏‘ GSP µàÕ‰ª
‚¥¬∑’Ë À√—∞œ ®–‡ªî¥√—∫øíߧ«“¡§‘¥‡ÀÁπ®“°ºŸâ‡°’ˬ«¢âÕß¿“¬À≈—ß
®“°∑’ˉ¥âª√–°“»µ—«‡≈¢°“√π”‡¢â“Õ¬à“߇ªìπ∑“ß°“√¢Õߪï 2549 „π‡¥◊Õπ
°ÿ¡¿“æ—π∏å 2550 Àπ૬ߓπ∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß∑—Èß¿“§√—∞·≈–‡Õ°π¢Õ߉∑¬®–
µâÕß„â‚Õ°“ π’Ȫ√– “πß“π°—∫∑—Èß USTR √—∞ ¿“ À√—∞œ ·≈–¿“§
‡Õ°π À√—∞œ Õ¬à“ßµàÕ‡π◊ËÕ߇æ◊ËÕ‚πâ¡πâ“«„Àâ‰∑¬‰¥â√—∫º≈°√–∑∫πâÕ¬∑’Ë ÿ¥
®“°°“√∑∫∑«π GSP
„π°“√π’È ‰∑¬®–µâÕß’È„ÀâΩÉ“¬ À√—∞œ ‡ÀÁπ«à“ ·¡â ‘∑∏‘摇»… GSP
®–¡’ à«π„π°“√‡æ‘Ë¡¢’¥§«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√·¢àߢ—π„Àâª√–‡∑»°”≈—ß
æ—≤π“µà“ßÊ „π°“√ àß ‘π§â“‰ª À√—∞œ ·µà°“√¬°‡≈‘° ‘∑∏‘¢Õߪ√–‡∑»
Àπ÷Ë߉¡à‰¥â¡’ à«π ”§—≠∑’Ë∑”„Àâª√–‡∑»∑’Ë¡’√–¥—∫°“√æ—≤π“µË”‰¥â√—∫
ª√–‚¬πå·≈–¡’¢’¥§«“¡ “¡“√∂‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ ‡π◊ËÕß®“° ‘∑∏‘ GSP ‡ªìπ·√ß
®Ÿß„®∑“ß¿“…’∑’Ë≈¥≈߇撬ß√âÕ¬≈– 2-5 ´÷ËßÕ“®‰¡à‡æ’¬ßæÕ∑’Ë®–∑”„Àâ
ª√–‡∑»‡À≈à“π—Èπ¡’§«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√ àßÕÕ°‰ª¬—ß À√—∞œ ‡æ‘Ë¡¡“°
¢÷Èπ‚¥¬∑—π∑’
§«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√·¢àߢ—π¢÷ÈπÕ¬Ÿà°—∫°“√ª√—∫ª√ÿß‚§√ß √â“ß
æ◊Èπ∞“π·≈–æ—≤π“¢’¥§«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√º≈‘µ‡ªì𠔧—≠ ·≈–„𧫓¡
‡ªìπ®√‘ߪ√–‡∑»∑’Ë®–‰¥â√—∫ª√–‚¬π宓°°“√¬°‡≈‘° GSP ¢Õ߉∑¬§◊Õ
ª√–‡∑»∑’Ë¡’§«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√ àß ‘π§â“‰ª À√—∞œ Õ¬Ÿà·≈â« ‚¥¬‡©æ“–
®’π Õ‘π‡¥’¬ Õ‘µ“≈’ ·§π“¥“ ·≈–‡¡Á°´‘‚° ´÷Ëß¡’§«“¡‰¥â‡ª√’¬∫‰∑¬„π¥â“π
µà“ß Ê ‰¡à«à“®–‡ªìπ ‘∑∏‘„π°“√‰¥â√—∫°“√¬°‡«âπ¿“…’¿“¬„µâ NAFTA ·≈–
§«“¡‰¥â‡ª√’¬∫„π¥â“π°“√¡’µâπ∑ÿπ°“√º≈‘µ∑’˵˔·≈–‰¥â√—∫°“√Õÿ¥Àπÿπ
®“°√—∞∫“≈
À√—∞œ π”‡¢â“ ‘π§â“®“°‰∑¬„π —¥ à«π‡æ’¬ß√âÕ¬≈– 1.21 ¢Õß
°“√π”‡¢â“∑—ÈßÀ¡¥„πªï 2546 ·≈–≈¥≈߇À≈◊Շ撬ß√âÕ¬≈– 1.19 „πªï 2548
´÷Ëß„πÀ≈“¬°√≥’ ‰∑¬ Ÿ≠‡ ’¬ à«π·∫àßµ≈“¥„Àâ·°à®’π ´÷Ëß·¡â®’π‰¡à‰¥â√—∫
‘∑∏‘ GSP ·µà°Á‡ªìπºŸâ àßÕÕ°√“¬„À≠àÕ—π¥—∫ Õß„πµ≈“¥ À√—∞œ
‡π◊ËÕß®“°§«“¡‰¥â‡ª√’¬∫∑—Èß§à“·√ß∑’˵˔ ¥—ßπ—Èπ °“√¡’ GSP ‡ªìπ°“√
√—°…“√–¥—∫§«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√·¢àߢ—π¢Õߪ√–‡∑»µà“ßÊ ¥â«¬ (ensure
level playing field)
°“√ Ÿ≠‡ ’¬§«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√·¢àߢ—π„πµ≈“¥ À√—∞œ ®– àß
º≈°√–∑∫µàÕ°“√æ—≤π“Õÿµ “À°√√¡∑’ˇªìπ SMEs ·≈–‚¥¬∑’ˇ»√…∞°‘®
‰∑¬æ÷Ëßæ“°“√ àßÕÕ°‡ªìπÕ¬à“ß¡“° °“√µ—¥ GSP ®–°àÕ„À⇰‘¥º≈
34 √–∫∫°“√„Àâ ‘∑∏‘摇»…∑“ß¿“…’»ÿ≈°“°√¢Õß À√—∞œ
°“√¥”‡π‘π°“√¢Õ߉∑¬„π°“√‚πâ¡πâ“«„Àâ À√—∞œ µàÕÕ“¬ÿGSP
35

°√–∑∫Õ¬à“ß ŸßµàÕ‡»√…∞°‘® ª√–“°√‰∑¬ à«π¡“°¬—ßÕ“»—¬Õ¬Ÿà„ππ∫∑
·≈–¬—ß¡’§«“¡‡ªìπÕ¬Ÿà„π√–¥—∫∑’˵˔ °“√µ—¥ GSP ®–‡ªìπ°“√´È”‡µ‘¡
ªí≠À“§«“¡¬“°®π·≈–°àÕ„À⇰‘¥ªí≠À“∑“ß —ߧ¡µ“¡¡“
πÕ°®“°π’È ºŸâª√–°Õ∫°“√¢Õ߉∑¬®”‡ªìπµâÕߪ√– “πß“πÕ¬à“ß
„°≈â‘¥°—∫¿“§‡Õ°π À√—∞œ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–ºŸâπ”‡¢â“ ‘π§â“Õ—≠¡≥’∑—Ë« À√—∞œ
‡æ◊ËÕ· «ßÀ“æ—π∏¡‘µ√„π°“√√≥√ߧåº≈—°¥—π°—∫√—∞ ¿“ À√—∞œ µàÕ‰ª ‚¥¬’È
„Àâ√—∞ ¿“ À√—∞œ ‡ÀÁπ∂÷ߺ≈°√–∑∫¥â“πµâπ∑ÿπ∑’ËÕ“®‡°‘¥¢÷ÈπÀ“°‰∑¬ ‘π§â“
Õ—≠¡≥’∂Ÿ°µ—¥ ‘∑∏‘ GSP
·π«∑“ß°“√¥”‡π‘π°“√„π√–¬–¬“«
·¡â À√—∞œ ‰¥âµàÕ ‘∑∏‘ GSP ÕÕ°‰ªÕ’° 2 ªï ·µà„πÕ𓧵 ‡¡◊ËÕ
‰∑¬¡’√–¥—∫°“√æ—≤π“∑’Ë Ÿß¢÷Èπ À√—∞œ §ß®–µ—¥ ‘∑∏‘ GSP ∑’Ë„Àâ°—∫‰∑¬
¥—ßπ—Èπ ºŸâª√–°Õ∫°“√¢Õ߉∑¬®–µâÕ߇√àߪ√—∫ª√ÿß·≈–æ—≤π“ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ
°“√º≈‘µ·≈–§ÿ≥¿“æ ‘π§â“∑’Ë¥’¢÷Èπ ‡æ◊ËÕ‡ √‘¡ √â“ß»—°¬¿“æ„π°“√·¢àߢ—π
≈¥°“√æ÷Ëßæ“√–∫∫ GSP ¢Õß À√—∞œ √«¡∑—Èß®–µâÕß¡ÕßÀ“µ≈“¥ àß
ÕÕ°Õ◊ËπÊ ‡æ◊ËÕ≈¥º≈°√–∑∫∑’ËÕ“®‡°‘¥¢÷ÈπµàÕ‰ª
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36 √–∫∫°“√„Àâ ‘∑∏‘摇»…∑“ß¿“…’»ÿ≈°“°√¢Õß À√—∞œ