Pula Imvula_Oktober 2012 - Zulu.indd - Grain SA Home

Uokthoba2012Incwadi yeGrain SAyabalimi abasakhulayoFUNDANGAPHAKATHI:2 >4 >Unks Jane uthiUkusiza kwamaphrofayiliomhlabathi6 >Bheka eceleni laphouthola ukuthi kukhonaokunyakeme okulethaukwahlulekaAbalimi AbadumisekileNgosukuLombhidli4EDILINI NGO23 AUGUST EMONTE BELLA ESTATE,INDAWO ENHLE KABI EDUZE NASEBLOEMFONTEIN,IGRAIN SA LIZITHOKOZISE NGOMVUNO WABO: AB-ALIMI ABASAKHULAYO, ABAMALUNGA KULEPHRO-GRAMU LEGRAIN SA LOKUTHUTHUKISA ABALIMI.IGrain SA licabange ukuthi kubalulekile ukuba nosukulombhidli (umsindo) lapho abalimi abasakhulayo bazokwaziswangoba balethela izwe lethu ukudla. UJanniede Villiers (CEO: Grain SA) uthe kubalimi abasakhulayoabebakhona kuleli dili: “Ngalolu suku iGrain SA libonileukuthi wonke umsebenzi ongene kuleli phrogramukubalethela umvuno omuhle, abalimi sebahambaphambili. Yini enisivulele indlela enisikhombisile ukuthisingabathuthukisa kanjani abalimi ezwini lethu”.UDe Villiers ukhulume nabo abalimi futhi waxoxangokubaluleka komhlangano weGrain SA nesimo se-Grain SA emhlabeni. Lo mhlangano ukhona ukusekelanokusiza abalimi ukuze bakhiqize ukudla okwanele.Waxoxa futhi okushiwe Uprof Mohammad Karaan(idini leFaculty leAgriSciences enyuvesithi yaseStellenbosch).Lophrofesa wathi ukukhiqiza ukudla okwanele e8

IPHROGRAMU LOKUTHUTHUKISA ABALIMIAbalimi Abadum-isekile Ngosuku LombhidliUnks Janeuthi…Umlimi Wonyaka Ozikhulisayo:UJoconia Mthethwa.Idili elihle belilapha eMonte Bella EstateeBloemfontein.Imvula yokuqala yasentwasahlobo ifi keezindaweni eziningi lapha eSouth Afrika.Lokhu kusho ukuthi abalimi sebakholwa ukuthiumvuno omusha uzobangcono. Sekuyisikhathisokusebenzisa amasu akho owahlanganisile.Khumbula, uma ufuna ukuthola umvunoomuhle, kufanele wenze umsebenzi ofanelekile– yenza lokhu okuyisekelo. Sesingabuza manjeukuthi izisekelo kuyini – futhi kuthini ukwenzaumsebenzi ofanakeliyo?• Ukulungisa umhlabathi – qinisa ukuthi amasimualinywe ngokujula okufi ka ku-40 cmnoma ngaphezu kwalokhu, qinisa ukuthi alukhoungqimba oluqinile oluzovimba ukumilakwezimpande.• Faka umanyolo ngendlela ekhonjiswa ukuhlolwakwamasampula omhlabathi wakho.• Qinisa ukuthi ukhethe izitshalo ezifanelekilefuthi ubobheka kahle ukuthi utshala inani lezitshalo– ungatshali ezininingi kakhulu futhiungatshali encinci kakhulu.• Phatha kahle ukhula – ukhula luyisitha njalongoba lulwa nezitshalo zakho ukutholaumswakamo nokunye ukudla emhlabathininokukhanya kwelanga.Ngena emasimini akho njalo ngosuku – ukunakakwakho ezitshalweni kubalulekile. Kufanelewazi njalo ukuthi kwenzekani ezitshalweni zakhoukuze uqinise wenze konke okusemandleniakho, ukuze wazi ungathola umphumelo omuhle.NguNkulunkulu yedwa oletha imvula, owenzailanga likhanye – konke okunye kusezandlenizakho.Ngifuna ukuthi umkhiqizo wakho ubusisiwengoba usiza iSouth Afrika ngokunikeza ukudla,ukudala imisebenzi, ukuthola inzuzo zo nokwandisaubhasikidi lokudla ezweni lethu.Abalimi Abakhethiweyo Kuhlobo Lwabalimi BonyakaAbazikhulisayo ngokwabo. Ngokwesinxele kukhona:UAlbert Mazibuko (okhethiweyo), uJoconia Mthethwa(omunye ophumelele phambili), uWilson Tyelaphantsi(okhethiweyo), uBenedict Gxiva (omunye ophumelelephambili) noEmmanuel Hadebe (owinile). Okhethiweyowesithupha, uTiki Pitso, wayengakwazi ukuza kuleli dili.kuzokwenza ukuthi izwe likhule lime lihlangenengokuqina. Kodwa uthe futhi ngokwaleka ukuthiintengo yokudla ekhuphukayo yenza ukuthiabasebenza ngepolitiki bangezwani, nezwinalo alisaqini. Ngakho-ke abalimi banesibophoesikhulu ukuqhubeka nangezikhathi ezinzimaukuqinisa ukuthi kukhiqizwa ukudla okwaneleezweni lethu.Umhlangano lo futhi ukhulumela abalimi,ngakho-ke ungumholi oyinhloko yabalimi. “Minangikholwa ukuthi loyo onesibonakalo esikhuluulayishwa ngesibopho esikhulu”, kwasho uDeVilliers futhi iGrain SA lizilungisele ukuthwalaleso sibopho.Wagcina wathi “Singabona isibonakaloseSouth esingcono uma siphumelelaukuqhubeka ngalo msebenzi wethu”.ICEO yeAgriSeta, uJerry Madiba, waxoxangukuqeqesha abalimi abasakhulayo. WathiIndawo enhle lapho emaphandlenieMonte Bella Estate.lapho imihlangano isebenzisana, ukuqeqeshaokunomphumelelo kuzokwenzeka. Wagcizelelawathi ukuqeqesha kushintsha isimo sabantubese bagcine bathole imigomo engaphezulu.Wabonga iGrain SA ngokunikeza ukuqeqeshaemsebenzini (on-the-job) ngoba kuthuthukisaamakhono abalimi abasakhulayo.UKarabo Peele (Usihlalo: Maize Trust)wakhuluma ngomsebenzi wabalimi lapho kukhonaumguquko womhlaba. Kuyamvusa ukubonaukuthi iGrain SA likhombisa ezinye izihlanganoukubona ukuthi isiguqulo senziwa njani. Wadudaabalimi ukuthi bafanele bajwayele izinto ezishintshayoekulimeni njalo ngosuku, bangalaleli njaloumlayezo wabanye, bafanele baphume bakwenzelokho abakufundile. “Ngiyayisekela le nhlanganongoba iGrain SA lisifundisile ukuba abalimiabaqinile”.2

IPHROGRAMU LOKUTHUTHUKISA ABALIMIAbalimi abakhethiweyo ukuba Umlimi WonyakaKuhlobo Kwabalimi Abalima Ezindaweni Ezincaneyilaba, ngokwesinxele kukhona: UVincent Mdluli(okhethiweyo), uBongani Sibanyoni (ophumelelephambili), uElliot Tshabu (ophumelele phambili)noPieter Chabalala (owinile).Umlimi Wonyaka Olima Endaweni EncanenguPieter Chabalala.Amalunga abasha abangene ku250 Ton Club(bronze), ngokwesonxele kukhona: uJackKokoma, uThulane Mbhele noPieter Chabalala.UButi Coka, uRykie Raphoto noThembani Moyobebangeko kuleli dili ukuthola ingomela yabo.UIsrael Motlhabane wayeyilunga lokuqala le250 TonClub kuleveli lokuziphilisayo, wayekhiqiza umvunoongaphezu kwamathani angu-1 500. Indoda enayelapha nguJohan Kriel.Abakhuthazi lephrogramu Ngosuku Lombhidliyilaba: Ngokwesinxele: uEtienne Claassen (FNB),uHarry Matebese (Pannar) noHanlie Kroese(Santam Agri).ULouw Steytler (Sihlalo seGrain SA) noJannie deVilliers (CEO: Grain SA) bayzigqaja (bathokozile)ukuba amalunga alo mhlangano osekela abalimiabasakhulayo.ULouw Steytler (Usihlalo: Grain SA) waxoxa ngokuhlangana ekulimeni,washo futhi ukuthi ukusebenzisana kuyisikhiye sokuphumelela kulo msebenziwokulima. “Ukuhlangana kuzoqinisa ukuthi kube khona ukudla nakusasaezweni lethu”, wathi futhi iGrain SA lifisa ukuhamba phambili ukuqhubekisanokuthuthukisa izindaba zokulima lapha eSouth Africa.Umphathi waleli phrogramu leGrain SA Lokuthuthukisa Abakhiqizi, uJaneMcPherson, leli dili kuyinto enhle ekhanyayo ekhandeleni leGrain SA. Washofuthi ukuthi lokhu kuthuthukisa abalimi abasakhulayo kuyinto evuthayo laphaeGrain SA. Ucabanga futhi ukuthi kubalulekile ukukhumbula labo balimi abangenayoindawo enkulu yokulima. Wathi futhi, “Ungakhiqiza ukudla endaweniencane uma usebenza ngendlela efanelekile”. Ngoba abalimi abancane abakwaziukuncintisana nabalimi abakhulu bezomnotho kulo mncintiswano ukubaUmalimi Wonyaka, kwase kubaluleke ukwakha ezinye izinhlobo lapho lababalimi bazokwaziswa ngoba nabo basebenza kahle nakakhulu. UJane uhalaliselebonke abalimi abakhethiweyo ngakonke okuhle abakwenzile.Abalimi abawinili kulolu hlobo lomncintiswano loLomlimi Wonyaka yilabaabalandelayo:• Umlimi Wonyaka olima endaweni encane (kusuka kumahektheli angu-10 abafi ka ukukhiqiza amathani angu-250): uPieter Chabalala;• Umlimi Wonyaka Oziphilisayo (abalimi abakhiqiza ngaphansi kwamahekteliangu-10): uJoconia Mthethwa.Ngokusuka kwalo nyaka, i250 Ton Club belinamaleveli amathathu –ibhronzi, isilvira, negolidi – kodwa lo nyaka sekukhona ileveli lesine, ipulatinumu,lapho uIsrael Motlhabane (oyilunga lekomidi) wafi ka ukukhiqizaamathani angu-1 500 ngonyaka odlule. Bekukhona umlimi omusha kulevelilegolidi okhiqize ngaphezu kwamathani angu-1 000, kuleveli lesiliva bekukhonaamalunga amasha abathathu (abakhiqize ngaphezu kwamathaniangu-500 ton). Uhlobo lwebhronzi lunikezwe kubalimi abayisithupha abashaamasetifi keti namabheji (bakhiqize amathani angu-250). Leli kilabhulihalalisa ukuthuthuka nomsebenzi onzima walaba balimi, futhi kukhombisaukubaluleka kwephrogramu Lokuthuthisa Abalimi. i.ULOUISE KUNZ, ONIKEZA IZIBHALO KUPULA/IMVULA3

UKULUNGISA UMHLABATHIUkusiza kwamaphrofayiliomhlabathiIndawo yesiFreyistata Empumalanga iyazilungisela ukutshala ukudla kohlobo ngesikhathi esizayo.ABALIMI SEBALUNGISA AMASIMU ABO KUZE KUFIKE ISIKHATHI SOKUTSHA-LA NGOBA UHLOBO USUSONDELE. UMHLABA OKNJISWAYO USEFREYISTANGASEMPUMALANGA. KUTSHALWE USOYA NONYAKA OLDULE LAPHOBEKUNGEKHO IMVULA EJWAYELEKILE FUTHI AYIZANGE INE KUZONKEIZINDAWO. OKUSELE KOSOYA KUDLIWE KANCANE IZIMFUYO EKUCAKENIKOBUSIKA, BESE KUHLAKULWE NGEMISHINI NGOKUSHONA KU250 MM,UKUZE KUSALE INDAWO EYODWA ENEZINHLANGA.Inhlobo yemishini nokujula okujwayelekile, imishini esetshenziswayo nezinhlobozezikhali, lapho zifakwe ngokucina noma lapho zingagobheka, kuhambisananalokho kwemvelo epulazini lakho noma kumakhelwane. Ukuqhubekaukulima ngendlela ekhongayo, ukuphatha ukhula noma ukuphula amaphaniemhlabathini angabakhona. Umlimi ngamunye ukholwa le ndlela ifanelekile.Singabona kalula ukuthi isimo somhlabathinesomoya sihamba kanjani. Kodwa kwenzekaningaphakathi emhlabathini nakuzo zonke izimo zomhlabathi?Isimo somgodi oyisikwele esi-1 mitha sizofikela lapho izimpande zimilakahle, lokhu kungakhuphuka kufike ku-1,2 m noma ku-1,5 ezindawenilapho umhlabathi ungabanamandla (omponyayo) lapho kungekho ungqimbiokukhawulisasyo . Lokhu kunasetsthenziswa ngezindlela ezahlukene ukusizaindlela ufuna ukuya khona ngonyaka ozayo esikhthi ufisa ukuqala ukustshala.Lapho ungazange uhlolise iphrofayili lomhlambathi, sithi sekufike isikhathisokwenza lo nyaka.Ukusebenzisa amasu epulazini lonkeUmphumelo wokuhlola ipulazi lonke kuzokukhombisa izinhlobo zomhlabathiezinamandla aphakeme, ezingaphakathi nalezo ezingaphansi umaufuna ukukhiqiza ukudla okuzinhlamvu. Lokhu kuhambelana nokujula komhlabathi,ukuvunda komhlabathi nokuqina kwawo futhi imvula ejwayelekileefika ngesikhathi esithile endaweni lapho ulima khona. Umhlabathi ofanayouzokhiqiza umvuno ongaphezulu lapho sikhulinganisa nendawo lapho imvulaingani kakhulu.Le mininingwane ingakusiza lapho uhlanganisa amasu aya phambili nakusasa,izokutshela futhi ukuthi ungazisebenzisa njalo epulazini lakho. Izindlekoezibizwayo ukukhiqiza ummbila, ubhekilanga, usoya, ukolo nezinye izinhlobozezitshalo kuzoletha kuphela inzuzo emhlabathini enamandla aphakeme, isitshaloesifana nobhekilanga ungatshalwa futhi emhlabathini onamandla angaphakathi.Emhlabathini onamandla aphansi kufanele utshale amadlelo futhiungawusebenzisa futhi ifolishi elizonikeza izimfuyo ukudla.Sebenzisa amaphrofayili athile emasiminiKungasiza ukubheka iphrofayili yensimu ngaphambi kokuqala ukulima, beseungaphinda futhi emva kokulima. Ukugubha imigodi yokuhlola amaphrofayiliemasimini kungakutshela ukuthi kukhona izinhlobo zomhlabathi ezinjani kulelopulazi. Emva lokhu kwenzekile, sebenzisa i-‘auger’ noma i-‘penetrometer’elinobubanzi obu-6 mm ukubheka ukuqina komhlabathi emasimini – lokhuakunzima futhi akuthathi isikhathi.Ukubheka umhlabathi ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka kungenzeka lapho uhlolaumhlabathi njalo ngonyaka noma ngeminyaka emibili, lokhu kuzokutshelaukuthi kudingeka umanyolo onjani. Futhi lokhu kuzokhombisa kahleukubaluleka kokusebenzisa umanyolo ofanelekile emhlabathini onamandlaamakhulu, futhi ukungafaki umanyolo omningi kakhulu kulowo umhlabathiengenamandla kakhulu ngoba awungeke uthole umvuno omuhle lapho.Amasampula omhlabathi angathathwa emhlabathini ongaphezulungokujula okufika ku-150 mm okuya ku-165 mm nalapho okungaphansikwalokhu okungaphezulu emhlabathini. Kukhona imininingwane elethaizindaba ezimnandi lapho kulinganiswa amathesti athola inani lezinto ezihlukeneezingumsuka nokuvunda. Kakhulukazi amaleveli efosfathi.Lapho uhlola okungaphezulu emhlabathini ngaphambi kwephrofayiliekuqaleni kokulima, kuzokukhombisa inani lezinhlanga ezisele, isimo somhlabathinalokho kwezemvelo, ubumanzi obungaphezulu nokukhula kokhulangesikhathi sasebusika. Ungahamba nje emhlabathini uzobona ukuthikusekhona ukuqina noma qha. Umhlabathi onesimo esihle uzoba nezinhlangaezindala futhi kuzobonakala ngoba umhlabathi uzothamba uxegelapho uqala ukulima.4

UKULUNGISA UMHLABATHILapho usuwugubhile umgodi bese ubheke ukuthi umhlabathi unjani ngaphezulungokujula okuya ku-30 cm - 40 cm, lapho uzobona ukuthi umhlabathiuqine kuphi. Ummese ungasethenziswa ukusika emhlabathini obanakalayoephrofayilini lomgodi. Uzokuzwa kalula ukuthi zikuphi izindawo eziqinile. Ungqimbaoluqinile emasimini lapho kusetshenziswe idiski ngeminyaka eminingikuzobonakala masinya. Ungathatha ifoto ukubeka kumarekodi akho.Kuzobangcono ukwenze lokhu lapho imbotshana emhlabathini zinomoyaofika ku-60% nomswakamo ofika ku-50%. Inani lomswakamo onke okhonaemhlabathini kuzokhombisa lonke iphrofayili lomhlanathi elizobakhona ukumilisaisitshalo.Lapho kukhona iphrofayili elome kakhulu, Ungqimba oqine kakhulu kungenzaukuthi ukubaluleka kwalokhu kungaphezulu kakhuIu, ngakhoke ubohlolakahle ukuthi ushaye ngendlela efanelekile.Masiqale phansi: kule phrofayili ekhonjisiwe ngaphezulu, umhlabathi ongaphezuluoyisihlabathi ungaqongelela amanzi angafika ku-25 mm endawenilapho umhlabathi ujula ngo-150 mm. Ungqimba othambile ungaqongalelaamanzi angu-35 mm emhlabathini ojula njalo ngo-150 mm. Ukujula komhlabathiobizwa ngokuthi ‘Westleigh’ ungaqongela amanzi mhlawumbe kufikeku-150 mm, kodwa loku kuhambelana nenani lemvula ekugcineni kohlobonasebusika futhi indlela yokulima kulezozindawo. Ezindaweni lapho kuvamaukuna imvula ngonyaka ifika ku-600 mm, lokhu kuthi ikhotha lamanzi emvulangonyaka aqongeleliwe.Kula maphrofayili omhlabathi ungqimba oluthambile lutholakala ekujuleniokufika ku-50 cm, kodwa alungeke luvimbe ukumila kwezimpande. Uma lokhukuhlanganiswa nesihlabathi esiphezulu kusho ukuthi lo mhlabathi unamandlaangaphakathi. Lapho imvula ina ngaphezu kwa-650 mm, kungatholakala umvunoomuhle kuzo zonke izindawo kuleyo nsimi.Zonke izitshalo ezitshalwe ensimini elinywe ngokufanele zizokwazi ukudonsaamanzi aqongelelwe lapho, kakhulukazi ngonyaka ozayo lapho imvulaingani ngokujwayelekile. Lapho uhlanganisa amasu okutshala ekuqalenikonyaka, umswakamo osele laphakulephrofayili ufana nemali ebekweebhange.Lapho kubonakala izindawoeziqinile, ukujula komshini olimayokungashintshwa ukuze igeja lifikeekujuleni okujwayelekile. Ungasebenzisaipenethrowumitha (penetrometer)ukubona kahle ukuthi umshiniungene ngokujula okungakananiemva kokulima.Impokophelo yokushiya izinhlangangaphezu komhlabathi –kufanele kwembeswe ngaphezukwa-15% - kuzosiza ukongwa komhlabathilapho kulinywa, kuzosizafuthi ukungenisa umoya ngaphezulungokujula okufika ku-250 mm.Kubalulekile futhi ukuqinisa ukuthiyonke le misebenzi iqedwe laphokusekhona isikhathi, ukuze wonkeumswakamo osekhona lapho kugcinaubusika nemvula esheshesheifika lapho sekuqala uhlobo kuzokwaziukungena ephrofayilini lomhlabathibese amanzi azoqongelelwaasebenze ngonyaka ozayo laphokuqalwa ukukhiqiza.Kungasetshenziswa amaphrofayiliomhlabathi amaningiukukhombisa ukuthi ungqimbaoluqinile lufehlekile luphuliwe. Lomgodi ungasiza umlimi ukubonaukuthi umsebenzi wenziwe kahlenokukhombisa abashayeli nalaboabaphatha imishini ukuthi kudingekaniukuze umsebenzi wenziwengendlela efanelekile.Ukutshala kwezitshalo zohloboozayo sekungenzeka ngoba umlimiuyazi ukuthi alukho ungqimba oluqinilelapho izitshalo zizomila khonabese zizokhiqiza kahle ngonyakaozayo. o.LOKHU KUBHALWE NGUMLIMIOTHATHE UMHLALAPHANSIIphrofayili egcwele ngesimo sendawo lapho uzotshala thl khona.5

UKWANDISA INZUZOBheka eceleni laphouthola ukuthi kukhonaokunyakeme okulethaukwahlulekaUKUCWANINGA KUKHOMBISILE UKUTHI LAPHO UKUBHEKA KAHLE IM-ISHINI YAKHO, NOKUBA NESU LOBHEKA KONKE LOKHU NOKUYISEBENZISANOKUYIPHATHA KAHLE JNALO. LOKHU KUNGALETHELA UMLIMI ISIKHALASOKUBEKA IMALI ENGAZOSETSHENZISWA KUSASA. LOKHU KUFANELEKWENZEKE NGAPHAMBI KOKULIMA NOMA NGAPHAMBI KOKUTSHALA.UOkthoba kuyinyanga enhle lapho abalimi bangabheka imishini yabongoba ngesikhathi esizayo ngonyaka omusha kuzobakhona ukusheshisanokunye okuzima, bafanele bavike ukuthi ukuphuka kwemishini ngalesosikhathi kungaba donsi phansi (breakdown blues). Ngokusebenzisa isikhathingaphakathi kokuvuna nokuqala ukutshala ubolungisa ubheke imishiniyakho esebenza epulazini, bese akungeke kulahleke isikhathi lapho kufikaisikhathi sokutshala.OgandagandaUgandaganda wakho kuyinto esebenza kakhulu, kufanele uyisevise njalo.Okulandelayo kufanele kubhekwe kahle:Okushisiwayo• Hlola onke amaswitshi ahambisa okushisiwayo (ignition), i-altenetho nemotoloukusthatha ugandaganda.• Hlola onke amawayeli (amadiradi) ukubona ukuthi asegugile nomaawasaphili kahle. Faka amasha lapho ubona ukuthi amanye ahlephukilenoma azodabuka masinya.Uhlelo lwedizili• Sevisa amafiltha avimba ukungcola kwedizili elingenayo.• Ama-injektha adinga ukuseviswa? Ngokwejwayelekile lokhu kwenziwa ngumuntuonolwaz. Yena uzobona ukuthi kukufanele lezozinto zifanele ziyeegalaji.• Khumbula ukuthi idizili elihlanzejile elikhanyayo lizosiza ama-injekjekthaasebenze kahle.• Hlanza ithangi ledizili, kakhulukazi lapho usebenzise amakhani angcolile.Izinhlobo zokuhlanza amafilitheli• Ukuhambisa komoya ohlanzekile kuyadingeka, ngoba kuvimba ukudlekakwenxenye yezinto enjini ezisebenzayo.• Lapho ifilitheli yakho ineskirini ngaphambili (pre-cleaner screen) ngaphezukwalapho umoya ungena khona, hlanza naleso skirini futhi.• Hlanza onke amafilitheri.• Hlola onke amathumbu ukubona ukuthi awazange adabuke.Ithanga lekhranki (Crankcase)• Khipha uwoyela omdala ufake uwoyela omusha. Kuzobancono ukuhiphauwoyela uma injini ifudumele (njengathi ugundaganda usebenza), besekonke okungcolile kuzongena kuwoyela kuphume nowoyela.• Faka ifiliteri elisha ngaphambi kokuthela uwoyela omusha.Amageri• Hlola ukuthi kukhona uwoyela okwanele. Thela uwoyela kufike endawenilapho kufanelekile.Uhlelo lwamahayidroliki• Lokhu kufanele kukhishwe kufakwe okusha kabili ngonyaka ukuze okungcolilenamanzi aphume.• Thela lokhu okufanekeliyo ngaphambi kokudumisa injini, lokhu kuzovimbaukuthi iphampu lamahayidroliki lingalimali.Uhlelo olupholisayo• Ukushisa okuvelayo lapho injini iduma, kufanele kupholiswe ngomoyaophuma kurayidiyeta.• Susa igrili, okungcolile nokunye okungemuva kwerayidiyeta.• Sebenzisa iphampu elifutha umayo, iphayipi lamanzi noma phampu elifuthaamasondo.• Faka amangilasi lapho wenza lokhu.• Hlola ukuthi akuvuzi amanzi ngaphezulu nangaphansi lapho injini ishisa.• Hlola ukuthi akuvuzi amanzi lapho iphampu lamanzi lisebenza khona(amasili).• Kungalunga futhi ukukhipha njalo onke amanzi uhlanze irayidiyeta nangaphakathi,noma kungekho okuvuzayo noma okuphukile. Gcwalisa ngamanziafanelekile.• Hlola njalo ibhande lefeni lisaphila futhi licine kahle. Ibhande elixhekethilelizovimba uhlelo lokupholisa lusebenze kahle.Uhlelo lukagesi• Hlola ukuthi amanzi ebhetri akwanele. Lapho kungaphansi, thela amanziahlanzekile.• Hlanza amatherminali ebhetri uqinise ukuthi akukho ukugevuzeka. Ungakwenzalokhu ngesoda, kodwa qinisa ukuthi kungangeni phakathi kwebhetri.• Qinisa ukuthi ibhetri ligcwele ngelektrisithi. Qinisa ukuthi amakhlampu aqinile,angafaka futhi kancane igrisi.• Hlola ukuthi amakhlampu abamba ibhetri endaweni yalo aqinile ngobauma uhamba lapho endaweni enamagudlugudlu angakhumuka bese ibhetrilizolimala.• Hlola ukuthi izincingo zelekthrisithi zinjane, kakhulu lapho ziboshwe khonangoba lapho zigudluka kalula. La matheminali ungawakhumula njalouwahlanze uqinise ukuthi asasebenza kahle. Lapho uwakhumula, khumulaamanekethivu kuqala ukuze ungaphambukisi ilektrisithi noma ungashisiamatheminali lapho uhlanza izincingo.• Hlola izincingo nalapho izibane ziboshwe khona.• Hlola onke amabhande ukubona ukuthi asaphila, hlola futhi ukuthi aqinile.6

UKWANDISA INZUZOIkilashi namabhiliki• Uma dingeka, qinisa amabhiliki uhlole ukuthi abamba ngokufana zonke izindawo.• Ikilashi lonyawo lingacindizelwa kalula. Ikilashi lesandla lingaxeki kakhulu.Uhlelo lokushayela• Hlola lokhu okugcobisayo ugcwalise uma kudingeka. Ngokuvamekileakudingeki ukukhipha okugcobisayo okusele.• Hlola isimo samasondo angaphambili namabheringi, faka amasha laphoadlekile. Lapho asalungile, wagcobise ngowoyela.• Hlola ama-ekseli kuthi awadlekanga.• Hlola ibhokisi lesteringi – akufanele sixege, gcobisa noma faka elisha.Amathayela nesifutho sokusinda (ukuqina nokucinzeleka)Amathayeli afanele afuthwe ngamandla omfutho afanelekile. Amathayeliagcwalise kakhulu ngomoya alahlekelwa amandla lapho ahamba khona.Adala ukuthomba emhlabathini othambili bese amaceleni amathayilaayadleka aguge masinya. Qaphela ukuthi ungalayishi okusinda kakhulu,ngoba nalokhu kungadala ukudleka kwamathayila masinya, kwenza ukuthiumhlabathi ucindezeke bese indleko yedizili iyakhuphuka ngoba amathayelanalokhu akuwavimabayo. Izifundo eziningi zikhombise amathayela afuthwengesicindiselo esifanekele kuzokwehlisa ukudliwa kwedizili uma kulinganiswanamathayeli afuthwe kakhulu nalawo afuthwe kancane.• Hlola njalo ukuthi akukho ukudabuka noma izindawo ezisikiwe kumathaleyiakho. Walungise manje ngoba kungavela ingozi ngesikhathi adabuka ngaphakathi.Kuzobangcono uwalungise manje ngoba ungathola ukuthi lapholezo zinto zizodingeka ngesikhathi kusetshenzwa kakhulu epulazini.• Hlola amarimu ngokuthi awalimalangala lapho uhamba ezindaweniezimegodi nangaphezu kwezinto eicijile. Amarimu agobekile angalungiswangesando.• Hlola isimo somfutho wamathayeli.• Hlola ibhalasti lamathayeli kakhulu ngaphambi kokulima nalopho kudonswaizinto ezisindayo. Lokhu kuzovimba amasondo angahleleli futhi akungekekudle idizili edingekayo kakhulu.Imishini• Hlola yonke imishi yakho ukuthi akukukho okuphukile noma izinto ezingekhoezilahlekile.• Hlola ukuthi akukho ingenxe yezinto ezisebenze kakhulu ezidlekile ngobakufanele kufakwe ezisha. Lokhu kungaba izinto ezisikayo lepuluho, amadiskiedisi, amabheringi, njll.• Hola onke amabhande erabha nezinto zamapulastiki njengafeni ukubonaukuthi akukho okudabukile noma okugazukile.• Sebenzisa into egcobisayo ezindaweni lapho izinto zisebenza khona njengambheringinemiphini (izinto ezijikezelayo).• Hlola amathayeli emishini uwalungise uwafuthe lapho kudingeka khona.• Hlola imishini yakho ngamehlo avulekile; bopha onke amanati, amaskrufunamabholithi axegayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukuqala ukwenza lokhukuzovimb ukuthi imishini ingalimali futhi akungeke kubekhona izindlekoeziningi.• Namanje sekuyisikhathi sokucabanga ngezinto ezilondekayo ezizovimbaingozi lapho kusetshenzwa ngemishini. Futhi kufanele uthenge lezo zintonjengamagilavu nezivuvu (masks) namagogolo (izibuko ezivimba ingoziemehlweni) ezizokusiza ukuvimba ukuvela kwezingozi nokulondeka kwabasebenzibakho sonke isikhathi.Amathiphu alondekayoKubalulekile njalo ukuba umlimi, umnini noma isisebenzi abanesibopho ukukhumbulalawa mathiphu:• Sevisa imishini yakho esebenza epulazini endaweni enosemende nomaendaweni ehlanzekile, noma beka iseyili phezu komhlabathi. Beka amathulusiakho eduze lapho uzokwazi ukufi kela kuwo kalula, kufanele7

UKWANDISA INZUZOBheka eceleni lapho uthola ukuthikukhona okunyakeme okuletha ukwahlulekaLeminingwane yenziwengabakwa Maize Trust.GRAAN SAPO Box 74087, Lynwood Ridge, 0040 08600 47246 www.grainsa.co.zaUKUSAKAZADebbie Boshoff 08600 47246 www.grainsa.co.zaABAHLANGANISI BEPROVENSIDanie van den BergFree State (Bloemfontein) 071 675 5497 danie@grainsa.co.zaJohan KrielFree State (Ladybrand) 079 497 4294 Office: 051 924 1099 johank@grainsa.co.zaDimakatsi NyamboseJerry MthombothiMpumalanga (Nelspruit) 084 604 0549 Office: 013 755 4575jerry@grainsa.co.zaNonhlanhla SitholeNaas GouwsMpumalanga (Belfast) 072 736 7219 naas@grainsa.co.zaJurie MentzMpumalanga (Vryheid) 082 354 5749 Office: 034 980 1455jurie@grainsa.co.zaSydwell NkosieIan HousehamEastern Cape (Kokstad) 078 791 1004 Office: 039 727 5749ian@grainsa.co.zaJenilee BunttingLawrence LuthangoEastern Cape (Mthatha) 076 674 0915 Office: 047 531 0619lawrence@grainsa.co.zaCwayita MpotyiToit WesselsWestern Cape (Paarl) 082 658 6552 toit@grainsa.co.zaUMSHICILELIInfoworks (018) 468-2716 www.infoworks.bizIPULA IMVULA ITHOLAKALA NGALEZIZILIMI EZILANDELAYO:IsiZulu,IsiNgisi, IsiBhunu, IsiTswana, IsiSuthu,IsiSuthu saseNyakatho, IsiXhosa.Sizimisele ukukhipa incwadi enhlekakhulu. Uma ufi sa ukuxoxa ngokuphakathinoma ngendlela kubhaliwe ungathintananoJane McPherson.izinhlobo zilandelane. Qaphela ukuthi uthathekuphi ithulusi bese ulibuyisele kuleyo ndawo,wabeke kahle kule bhentshi lapho usebenzakhona noma kule seyili.• Cisha njalo injini ngaphambi kokufaka idizili,lapho usevisa noma lapho ugcobisa igrisi.• Nanini ungasebenzi ngaphansi komshini ongemingokuqina – qinisa kahle ukuthi umshini uboshwengokuqina.• Nanini ungasusi amabhande nama ungafakiamanye ngesikhathi amaphuli asasebenza.• Qinisa ukuthi izindawo lapho usebenza khonaazinegrisi noma uwoyela, kuzokushelelisa beseuzokuwa.• Khumbula ukuthi amahayidroliki angacindezelwakakhulu. Qaphela amehlo akho.• Ungabohlola izindawo lapho kuvuza khona ngezandlaezingembeswe.• Sebenzisa izinto ezilondeka amehlo nezinyeizinto ezizovimba ingozi lapho usebenza ngemishini.Lokhu kungathi ajusizo izinto ezibalulekile, ungazihleka,kodwa labo ababala lokhu kuyakhombisaukuthi izingozi eziningi zivela lapho kuphathwa imishiniezisindayo epulazini.Imishini yasepulazini zingadala ingozi –kuvimbe ulondolozeLapho ufuna ukuvimba ingozi engalimaza labaabasebenza eduze nemishini, kufanele wenzelokhu okulandelayo:• Qinisa ukuthi labo abasenza ngemishini banekhonofuthi bagqoke izinto ezizobalondolozalapho basebenza ngemishini. Qinisa futhi banolwazi,bazi kahle ukuze balondoleke.• Fundisa abashayeli ukuma masiny ngendlaengenangozi. Ibhiliki lesandla lifanele lidonswe,8konke okuhambayo kufanele kubeku’newutrali’,futhi injini ifanele icishwe.• Qinisa ukuthi zonke izinto ezivimba ingozi zisendaweniefanelekile. Zonke izinto ezisebenzayoezingadala ingozi zifanele zimbeswe zingakwaziukubamba isandla noma into egqokiwe idonselezo zinto ngaphakathi kwezinto ezisebezayo.• Fundisa abasebenzi ukuthi kukhona ingozikulezo zinto ezihambayo ezisasebenza,batshele ukuthi bazolimala kakhulu lapho babanjwaamaphuli. Akufenele nanini bagqokeizinto ezixegayo ngoba lokhu kuzobanjwaamaphuli nabo badonswe bangene phakathi.• Fundisa abasebenzi ukubaluleka kwezindawolapho kugcwele ukhula notshani noma ifolishi.Batshele baqaphele ngoba lokhu kungasha masinya,umlilo ungadala ingozi enkulu. Banikezeinto ecisha umlilo (fire extinguisher).• Qaphela lokhu: kufanele anashayeli babhekekahle lapho baya emuva, hlola konke ngaphambilikokuhamba. Kubalulekile ukuqeqeshaabasebenzi nabashayel ukuze banendlelaukuxoxana nabanye ukuze bazi ukuthi kuzokwenziwaumsebenzi onjani. Sesiyazi ukuthikukhona okuningi kakhulu okwenzekile laphoabasebenzi baboshwe emishini ngaphakathikogandaganda nemishini abafuna ukuyibophanoma abkhumulayo.• Abasebenzi emapulazini bafanele baqaphele,balandele indlela yokulondekayo, bafanele bavukenjalo! Kaningi abasebenzi bacelwa ukukhwelaizikwelo (ladders), abanye basebenzakumaphalathufomu aphakeme. Lapho bajahekilebafenele bangagqoki izicathulo ezingafanelanganoma bangeke baphile kahle.UJENNY MATHEWS, ONIKEZAIZIBHALO KUPULA/IMVULA