randoratami.pdf

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n fz;bg; gf;fj;jpw;fhd ghyj;jpd; J}z;fs; KOikahf epu;khzpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. 

n fz;bg; gf;fj;jpd; Kbtpy; KjyhtJ jhq;fpNkil g+uzg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. 

n fl;Lf];Njhl;il gf;f Kbtpy; J}z;fspy; 50% g+uzg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. 

n ,uz;lhtJ jhq;fp Nkil epu;khzpg;gjw;fhd mizf;fl;L epu;khzpf;fg;gl;Lf; 

nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ. 


8 

,j;jpl;lkhdJ ehd;F khfhzq;fspYs;s 779 fp.kP. 

ePskhd khfhz ghijfisg; Gduikj;jYk; kw;Wk; 

mk;khfhzq;fspYs;s ehd;F ghyq;fis Gdu;epu;khzk; 

nra;tJkhFk;: 

n Nky; khfhzk; - nfhOk;G> fk;g`h> fSj;Jiw 

khtl;lq;fspYs;s 207 fp.kPw;wu; 

n tlNky; khfhzj;jpy;- Gj;jsk;> FUehfy; 

khtl;lq;fspYs;s 217 fp.kPw;wu;. 

n tlkj;jpa khfhzj;jpy;- mEuhjGuk;> nghyd;dWit 


n Cth khfhzj;jpy; - gJis> nkhduhfiy 


epjp %yk; 

cs;@H 

&. 3>521 kpy;ypad; 

2008 Mk; Mz;Lf;fhd tuT 

nryTj; jpl;l xJf;fk; - 


ntspehL: 

&. 6>215 kpy;ypad; 

Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fp 


xngf; epjpak; 

tPjpj;Jiw mgptpUj;jp fUj;jpl;lk; 

khfhzg; ghijfs; Mz;L 2008 

,g;ghij Gduikg;G eltbf;iffs; ,g;gpu- 

Njrq;fspd; Nghf;Ftuj;J Nritfis Nkk;gLj;jp 

Nghf;Ftuj;Jr; nryitf; Fiwg;gjw;F top 

tFf;Fk;: 

Vida gpuNjrq;fSldhd njhlu;Gfis 

mjpfupf;Fk;. 

nghUshjhu kw;Wk; r%f mgptpUj;jp eltbf;iffs; 

mjpfupf;Fk;. 

,g;gpuNjrq;fspd; gpujhd cw;gj;jpahd 

tptrhaj;Jiwf;F rpwe;j re;ij tha;g;Gf;fs; 

fpilf;Fk;. 


&. 10,671 kpy;ypad; 


n xngf; cldhd fld; xg;ge;jk; nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. 

n Gduikg;G Ntiyfs; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd: 

l Nky; khfhzk; - 192 fp.kP. 

l tlkj;jpa khfhzk; - 168 fp.kP. 

l tlNky; khfhzk; - 208 fp.kP. 

l Cth khfhzk; - 173 fp.kP.

,f;fUj;jpl;lk; kj;jpa kw;Wk; rg;ufKt 

khfhzq;fspy; 322 fpNyh kPw;wh J}uKs;s 

khfhz hPjpahd tPjpfis Gdh; eph;khzk; 

nra;tjw;fhd fUj;jpl;lkhFk;. rg;ufKt 

khfhzj;jpYs;s 2>031 fpNyh kPw;whpy; 161.3 

fpNyh kPw;wh; khfhz tPjpfSk;> kj;jpa 

khfhzj;jpYs;s 2>438 fpNyh kPw;whpy; 160.7 

fpNyh kPw;wh; khfhz tPjpfSk; 

,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpw;F ,dq; fhzg;gl;Ls;sd. 

,f;fUj;jpl;lk; %d;W fl;lq;fshf mKy; 

gLj;jg;gLk;. 

&. 9,652 kpy;ypad; 

r%f nghUshjhu eltbf;iffis mgptpUj;jp 

nra;Ak; tifapy; fpuhkpa kw;Wk; gpuhe;jpa re;ij 

fSf;fhd gpuNtrj;ij tpUj;jp nra;Ak;. 

gpujhd tptrha gpuNjrq;fSf;fhd tptrha 

cs;sPLfSf;fhd Nghf;Ftuj;Jk;> fsq;fspypUe;J 

re;ijf;fhd tptrha cw;gj;jpg; 

nghUl;fSf;fhd Nghf;Ftuj;Jk; tpUj;jp 

nra;ag;gLk;. 

fpuhkpa r%fj;jpw;fhd tUkhdj;jpw;fhd gpujpaPl;L 

%yq;fis cUthf;Fjy;. 

Rfhjhug; guhkhpg;G> fy;tp. tq;fpapay; kw;Wk; 

Vida trjpfSf;fhd gpuNtrq;fs;; tpUj;jp 

nra;ag;gLk;. 

khfhz hPjpapyhd ghijfspd; 

mgptpUj;jp (kj;jpa kw;Wk; 

rg;ufKt khfhzq;fs;) 

epjp %yk; 

cs;@H 

&. 3>957 kpy;ypad; 

2008 Mk; Mz;Lf;fhd tuT nryTj; jpl;l xJf;fk; - 

&. 2>200 kpy;ypad; 

ntspehL: 

&. 5>695 kpy;ypad; 

[g;ghd; rh;tNjr $l;LwT tq;fp 


Mz;L 2009 

kj;jpa khfhzj;jpYs;s 102.1 fpNyh kPw;wh; ghijAk; ;> rg;ufKt khfhzj;jpYs;s 

105.1 fpNyh kPw;wh; ghijAk; ; Gdh;eph;khzk; nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd. 


10 

njhpT nra;a;gl;l “V” kw;Wk; “gP” tifiar; Nrh;e;j 

600 fpNyh kPw;wh; tPjpapd; eph;khz Ntiyfs; ; gpd;tUk; 

gphpTfis cs;slf;Ffpd;wJ: 

n ,q;fphpa - ,uj;jpdGhp tPjp. 

n nfhOk;G - fz;b tPjpapy; epl;lk;Git - fz;b tPjp 

n gz;lhutis - `hyp vy tPjp. 

n gz;lhutis - ntypkil tPjp . 

n fhyp - mf;Fu];i] - njdpaha tPjp. 

n njdhfik - Kyl;bahd tPjp. 

n `f;kid - tyè;Jit tPjp 

n kjthr;rp - g+Ndt tPjp. 

n nty;ytha - rpak;gyd;Jit - jkd - fhiuj; 

jPT tPjp. 

n kujd;fltis - [ae;jpGu tPjp. 

n [ae;jpGu - ntypfe;j - jpUf;fe;Nja;kU tPjp 

n Gj;jsk; - ghnjdpa tPjp. 

ghijfs; 

; njhlh;ghd cjtpfspd; 

fUj;jpl;lk; Mz;L 2009 

nfhOk;G - fz;b tPjpapd; nraw;ghl;L hPjpahd 

tpidj;jpwd; tpUj;jp nra;ag;gLk;. 

ehl;bd; Vida gpuhe;jpaq;fspy; gazpfspdJk;. 

nghUl;fspdJk; efh;T tpUj;jp nra;ag;;gLk;. 

fUj;jpl;lf; fhyg;gFjpapy; epGzj;JtKs;sJk;> 

epGzj;Jtk; mw;wJkhd njhopy; tha;g;Gf;fSk;> 

tUkhdk; ciof;Fk; tha;g;Gf;fSk; cUthf;fg;gLk;. 

tl kj;jpa> njw;F> Cth> kw;Wk; fpof;F 

khfhzq;fspYk;> gpuhe;jpa efuq;fspYkhd 

njhlh;Gj;jd;ik tpUj;jp nra;a;g;gLk;. 

Vida tPjpfspdJk;> mNj Nghy ghlrhiyfs;> 

M];gj;jphpfs;> kw;Wk; re;ij trjpfs; Nghd;w 

Nritfs; cl;fl;likg;GfspdJk; Gdh;eph;khz 

Ntiyfs; ; tpUj;jp nra;ag;gl;l mZF Kiwfsp- 

D}lhf trjpfs; nra;J nfhLf;fg;gLk;. 



15,000 &. kpy;ypad; 

epjp %yk; 

cs;@H 

&. 3>500 kpy;ypad; 

2008 Mk; Mz;Lf;fhd tuTnryTj; jpl;l xJf;fk; - 

&. 4>361 kpy;ypad; 

ntspehL: 

&. 11>500 kpy;ypad; 

cyf tq;fp 

n fl;ll eph;khzj;jpw;fhd %yg;nghUl;fs;pd; gpur;rpid fhuzkhf Vw;gl;l Muk;g 

jhkjj;Jf;Fg; gpd;dh;> Gdh; eph;khz Ntiyfs; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;w 34 fpNyh kPw;wh;fisf; 

nfhz;l ,q;fphpa- ,uj;jpdGhp tPjpapd; Ntiyfs; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd.. .,J tiu 

30 kjFfs; g+h;j;jp nra;a;gl;Ls;sNjhL nrg;gdpLk; Ntiyfs; ,lk; ngw;Wf; 

nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. 

n 15 fpNyh kPw;wh; epl;lk;Gt - fz;b tPjpapy; 20 kjFfSk;>> J}z;fSk;;> mNj Nghy 

nrg;gdpLk; NtiyfSk; g+h;j;jp nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd. 

n 3 fpNyh kPw;wh; njhiyitf; nfhz;l gz;lhutis- `hypvy tPjpapy; 12 kjFfSk;> 

J}z;fSk; kw;wk; nrg;gdpLk; NtiyfSk; g+h;j;jp nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd. 

n Mf;Fu];] njdpaha tiuapyhd ghijapd; 10 kjFfSf;fhd eph;khz Ntiyfs; 

g+h;j;jp nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd. 

n `f;kd- tyè;Jitg; tPjpapd;; 3 fpNyh kPw;wh; ghijg; gphptpd; nrg;gdpLk; Ntiyfs; 

g+h;j;jp nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd. 

n kjthr;rp- g+Ndt tPjpapd; 15fpNyh kPw;wh; ePskhd ghijapy; J}z;fspd; eph;khz NtiyfSk;> 

kjFfspd; tphpthf;fy; NtiyfSk; g+h;j;jp nra;ag;gl;Ls;sNjhL nrg;gdpLk; Ntiyfis 

2007 Mk; Mz;L nrg;lk;gh; khj ,Wjpapy; nra;tjw;F vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. 

n Njdhfk - Kybahd tPjpapy; 15 kjFfspdJk;; 2 J}z;fspdJk;; eph;khz Ntiyfs; 

g+h;j;jp nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd.. 

n Rpak;gyd;Jt- mk;ghiw- fhiuj;jPT tPjpapd; 10 kjFfspd; eph;khz Ntiyfs; g+h;;j;jp 

nra;a;gl;Ls;sd.. 

n kujd;fltis- [ae;jpGu 59 fpNyh kPw;wh; tPjpapy; 20 kjffspdJk; mbg;gil eph;khz 

Ntiyfs; g+h;j;jp nra;a;g;gl;Ls;sd. Mjw;F Nkyjpfkhf 1 fpNyh kPw;wUf;fhd nrg;gdpLk; 

NtiyfSk; Nkw;nfhs;s;sg;gl;Ls;sd. 

n [ae;jpGu - jpUf;fe;Nja;kU tPjpapd; eph;khz Ntiyfs; ,d;Dk; Muk;gpf;fg;gltpy;iy. 

Mdhy; 2007 Mk; Mz;L Mf];l; khjj;jpy; ifr;rhj;jplg;gl;lNjhL xgge;jjhuh;fspd; 

mYtyfj;jpd; eph;khz NtiyfSk; eil ngw;Wf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ. 

n FUehfy; khtl;lj;jpYs;s ghnjdpa- Gj;jsk; 60 fpNyh kPw;wh; tPjpapy; kjFfspd; 

eph;khz Ntiyfs; eilngw;Wf; nfhz;bUg;gNjhL> 3 fpNyh kPw;wUf;fhd nrg;gdpLk; 

Ntiyfs; g+h;j;jp nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd.

tWik rhu;e;j fpuhkpa mgptpUj;jp 

fUj;jpl;lk; 

&. 5,337 kpy;ypad; 

,g;ghij tiyg;gpd;dy; mgptpUj;jpapdhy; may; 

khtl;lq;fSf;fpilapy; Nkk;gLj;jg;gl;l njhlu;G 

kw;Wk; efu;tpd; fhuzkhf Fiwe;j gl;rk; 100>000 

FLk;gq;fspd; r%f kw;Wk; nghUshjhu 

eltbf;iffs; Cf;f%l;lg;gl;L tWikahdJ 

xopf;fg;gLk;. 

rpWnjhopy; Kaw;rpfspd; cUthf;fKk; njhopy; 

tha;g;Gf;fspd; mjpfupg;Gk; 

tpahghu eltbf;iffs; kw;Wk; fhzpapd; tpiy 

mjpfupg;G 

Nghf;Ftuj;J trjpfs; Nkk;gLjy;. 

ghlrhiyfs;> itj;jparhiyfs;> re;ijfs; 

kw;Wk; Vida Nritfis ,yFthf ngw;Wf; 

nfhs;syhk;. 

Gpuhe;jpa ghij epu;khz xg;ge;jf;fhuu;fspd; 

,aysT fl;bnaOg;gg;gLjy;. 


ehd;F khtl;lq;fspy; cs;s Njrpa ghijfs; 

kw;Wk; fpuhkpa ghijfisg; Gduikg;Gr; 

nra;tjw;fhd fUj;jpl;lkhFk;: 

Njrpag; fpuhkpag; 

ghijfs; ghijfs; 

mk;ghiw 57 fpkP 43 fpkP 

gJis 33 fpkP 160 fpkP 

`k;ghe;Njhl;il 127 fpkP 81 fpkP 

nkhduhfiy 39 fpkP 140 fpkP 

nkhj;jk; 256 fpkP 424 fpkP 

epjp %yk; 

cs;@H 

&. 1>334 kpy;ypad; 


&. 2>379 kpy;ypad; 

ntspehL: 

&. 4>003 kpy;ypad; 

[g;ghd; muR 

n ru;tNjr xj;Jiog;Gf;fhd [g;ghd tq;fpAld; (JBIC) xg;ge;jk; 

ifr;rhj;jplg;gl;Ls;sJ. 

n Njrpa ghijfspd; Gduikg;G Muk;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. 

n fpuhkpag; ghijfSf;fhdJ: 

Mz;L 2009 

l mk;ghiwapy; 15 fpuhkpag; ghijfSf;fhd xg;ge;jk; toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. 

l `k;ghe;Njhl;ilapy; 11 ghijfspy; ehd;fpw;F xg;ge;jq;fs; ifaspf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. 

l gJis> nkhduhfiyapy; KiwNa 15>17 ghijfSf;fhd Nfs;tp kDf;fs; 

Nfhug;gl;Ls;sd. 

l kPjKs;s xg;ge;jq;fs; 2007 etk;gupy; toq;fg;glTs;sd. 


12 

Rdhkpapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l tPjpfis 

Gduikj;jy; Mz;L 2009 

ehl;bd; njw;F kw;Wk; fpof;F khfhzq;fspy; 

Rdhkpapdhy; Nrjkile;j 1>173 fp.kPw;wu; ePskhd 

Njrpa ghijfs; kw;Wk; ,g;ghijfspy; mike;Js;s 

25 ghyq;fis Gduikg;gJNk ,j;jpl;lj;jpd; 

Nehf;fkhFk;. milahsk; fhzg;gl;l Nrjkile;j 

ghijfs; fPo;tUtdthFk;: 

n nfhOk;G - fhyp - khj;jiw - `k;ghe;Njhl;il 

- nts;stha tPjpapy; fl;Lf;FUe;ijapypUe;J 

khj;jiw tiuapyhd 115 fp.kPw;wu; J}uk;. 

n nts;stha - nkhduhfiy - rpak;gyhz;LitapypUe;J 

fhiujPT tiuapyhd 148 fp.kPw;wu; J}uk;. 

n nfhOk;G - fhyp - khj;jiw - `k;ghe;Njhl;il 

- nts;stha tPjpapy; khj;jiwapypUe;J 

nts;sthatpy; tiuapyhd 158 fp.kPw;wu; J}uk;. 

n nghj;Jtpy; - mf;fiug;gw;W tPjp 45 fp.kPw;wu; J}uk;. 

n mf;fiug;gw;W - kl;lf;fsg;G - jpUf;nfhz;bahkL 

tPjp 98 fp.kPw;wu; J}uk;. 

n jpUf;nfhz;bahkL - ntUfy; - %J}u; - 

jpUNfhzkiy tPjp 74 fp.kPw;wu; J}uk;. 

n my;iy - fe;jsha; tPjp kjF cl;gl 41 fp.kPw;wu; 

J}uk; 

n jpUNfhzkiy - Gy;Nkhl;il 55 fp.kPw;wu; J}uk;. 

n jp];] - fphpe;j tPjp 13 fp.kPw;wu; J}uk;. 

n jpUNfhzkiy - Gy;Nkhl;il 40 fp.kPw;wu; J}uk;. 

n gNdfKt - njgu tPjp 4.1 fp.kPw;wu; J}uk;. 

n nghj;Jtpy; - ghzk tPjp 17 fp.kPw;wu; J}uk;. 

n Nghff ntt - Gy;Nkhl;il tPjp 17 fp.kPw;wu; J}uk;. 

n V 2 gpujhd tPjpapy; mike;Js;s 5 gpujhd 

ghyq;fshd mf;Fuiz> rPdpfk> khfhy;y> 

Nfhahg;gd kw;Wk; ntypfk 

n mWfk;igg; ghyk; 

n V 4 gpujhd tPjpapy; mike;Js;s Nfhkhup - 

ngupafy;yhW - Nfhl;ilf;fy;yhW kw;Wk; fy;ybg; 

ghyq;fs;. 

n V 15 gpujhd tPjpapYs;s Xl;lkhtb> ntUfy;> 

Iaq;Nfzp> %J}u;> fhq;if kw;Wk; cg;ghWg; ghyq;fs; 

n ,wf;fz;b> nfhLthf;fl;Lkiy> ahd; Xah 

ghyk;q;fs;. 

,g;ghijfspD}lhd Nghf;Ftuj;J kPs Muk;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. 

njd; khfhzj;jpw;Fk; tlkhfhzj;jpw;Fk; ,ilapyhd 

Nghf;Ftuj;Jj; njhlu;Gfs; Nkk;ghlile;Js;sd. 

thfdq;fspd; nraw;ghL kw;Wk; guhkupg;Gr; nryT 

FiwtilAk;. 

tptrhaj;Jiw> ifj;njhopy; kw;Wk; Rw;Wyhj;Jiwf;fhd 

rpwe;j Nkk;gLj;jg;gl;l Nghf;Ftuj;J trjpfs; 

fpuhkpa kf;fspd; r%fg; nghUshjhu Nkd;ikfs; 

Nkk;ghlilAk;. 

,g;gpuNjrq;fspd; xd;wpize;j nghUshjhu kj;jpa 

epiyaq;fis cUthf;Fjy;. 



&. 21,577 kpy;ypad; 

epjp %yk; 

cs;@H 

&. 4>315 kpy;ypad; 


&. 7>751.5 kpy;ypad; 

ntspehL: 

&. 17>262 kpy;ypad; 

cyf tq;fp> [g;ghd;> Mmt> Av];vapl;> ];ngapd;> Vvt;b> 

rt+jp mNugpa muR kw;Wk; nfhapf;fh 

n khj;jiw> nts;stha ghij epu;khzj;jpd; xg;ge;jk; 2007 Mk; Mz;L ngg;utupapy; 

xg;ge;jf;fhuu;fSf;F ifaspf;fg;gl;lJ. Muk;gf; fl;l Ntiyfs; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. 

n nghj;Jtpy;> mf;fiug;gw;W tPjp epu;khzj;jpw;fhd Nfs;tp kDf;fs; guprPyid nra;ag;gLfpd;wd. 

epu;khz xg;ge;jq;fshdJ 2007 Mk; Mz;L Kbtpw;Fs; ifaspf;fg;gLk;. 

n mf;fiug;gw;W - kl;lf;fsg;G jpUf;nfhz;bahkL tPjp mgptpUj;jpf;fhd epu;khz xg;ge;jkhdJ 

mikr;ruitapd; mDkjpapd;gpd; ,t;thz;L ,Wjpf;Fs; ifaspf;fg;glTs;sJ. 

n jpUf;nfhz;ilkL> ntUfy;> %J}u;> jpUNfhzkiy kw;Wk; my;iy - fe;jsha; tPjp 

epu;khzj;jpw;fhd Nfs;tp kDf;fs; Nfhug;gl;Ls;sd. 

n jpUNfhzkiyapypUe;J Gy;Nkhl;il tiu> jp];]> fpupe;j> ghzfKt - njguntt> nghj;Jtpy; 

- ghzk kw;Wk; Nghf`Kt - Gy;Nkhl;il tPjp epu;khzj;jpw;fhd epu;khz xg;ge;jq;fs; 

ifaspf;fg;gl;L Ntiyfs; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. 

n Nfhkhup> ngupafy;yhW kw;Wk; Nfhl;ilf;fy;yhW ghyq;fspd; epu;khz Ntiyfs; 

g+u;j;jpaile;Js;sd. 

n mWfk;ig ghy epu;khzj;jpw;fhd mj;jpthukply; kw;Wk; Vida mikg;G Ntiyfspd; 

nghUj;Jiffs; ,lk;ngw;W tUfpd;wd. 

n fy;yb ghy epu;khzj;jpw;fhd Nfs;tp kDthdJ guprPyid nra;ag;gl;L njhopy;El;g 

kWguprPyidf; FOtpd; mwpf;ifahdJ mikr;rupdhy; epakpf;fg;gl;l ngWtdTf; FOTf;Fr; 

rku;g;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. 

n jpUNfhzkiy khtl;lj;jpy; ntUfy;> fhahq;Nfzp> %J}u;> fhq;if kw;Wk; cg;ghW ghyq;fis 

epu;khzpg;gjw;fhd Kw; jifik epuYf;F ed;nfhilahsu;fspd; mDkjp vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. 

n ,wf;fz;b> nfhLthf;fhl;Lkiy kw;Wk; ahd; Xahg; ghyq;fis epu;khzpg;gjw;fhd epu;khz 

xg;ge;jk; ifaspf;fg;gl;L Ntiyfs; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. 

n khj;jiw kfhehk ghyj;jpd; epu;khzg; gzpfs; ,lk;ngw;W tUfpd;wd. fpz;zpahg; ghyj;jpd; 

jhq;fpfSk; 3 J}z;fSk; g+uzg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd.

njw;F mjpNtfg; ghijf;fhd ehd;F 

EioTg;ghijfspd; mgptpUj;jpahdJ gj;Njfk> 

`pf;fLt> ehnghl kw;Wk; mYj;fk 

efuq;fSf;fhd gpuNtrj;ij Nkk;gLj;j 

,e;efuq;fspd; tsHr;rpia Nkk;gLj;Jk;. 

Gj;jsk; - mDuhjGuk; tPjp> fl;Lwhaf;fh - 

jpUNfhzkiy tPjpapd; `guz - fe;jsha; gphpT 

Nghd;wtw;wpd; Gdh;eph;khz eltbf;iffs;; 

fzprkhd mstp;yhd efh;g;Gwq;fSf;Fk; 

fpuhkq;fSf;Fkhd Nghf;Ftuj;J trjpfis 

tpUj;jp nra;Ak;. ,J mth;fsJ r%fnghUshjhu 

eltbf;iffis tpUj;jp nra;a 

cjTk;. 

Njrpa ngUe;njUf;fs; 

&. 23,571 kpy;ypad; 

epjp %yk; 


ehl; bd; Njrpa ngUe; njUf; fs; 

tiyg;gpd;dypy; cs;slf;fg;gLk 280 fpNyh 

kPw;;wh; “V” kw;Wk; “gP” gphpT ghijfspd; 

mgptpUj;jp kw;Wk; Gdh; eph;khz Ntiyfs; 

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; ghijfs; gpd;tUkhW: 

n Gj;jsk; - mDuhjGuk; - jpUNfhzkoiy 

tPjp 

n mk;NgG];] - FUzhfy; - jpUNfhzkiy 

tPjpapd; `guz - fe;jsha; gphpT 

n fz;b - kfpaq;fid - gjpaj;jyhit tPjp. 

n Etnuypah - gJis - nrq;fyb tPjp. 

n jy;nfhlgpl;ba - njhk;ghtiy tPjp. 

n gpd;tUk; EioTg; ghijfs; njw;Ff; 

mjpNfg; ghijAld; ,izf;fg;gLk;: 

l `pf;fLit - gj;Njfk tPjp. 

l khj;jiw - mf;Fu];] tPjp 

l fl;LFWe;ij - Nenghil tPjp. 

l mYj;fik njw;Ff; fLfjpg; ;ghij 

cs;@H 

&. 7>071 kpy;ypad; 


&. 4>056 kpy;ypad; 

ntspehL: 

&. 16>500 kpy;ypad; 

Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fp (Mmt) 

Mz;L 2010 

n Gj;jsk; - mDuhjGuk; - jpUNfhzkiy tPjp kw;Wk; mk;NgG];] - 

FUzhfy;y - jpUNfhzkiy tPjpapYs;s `guz-fe;jsha; gpupTfspd; 

eph; khz NtiyfSf; fhd tpiy kDf; fSf; fhd miog; G 

tpLf;fg;gl;;bUf;fpd;wd. 

n nfhOk;G - fz;b tPjpapYs;s fphpgj;nfhilapypUe;J epl;lk;Gitf;fhd 

epyj;ijf; nfhs;tdT nra;tjw;fhd eltbf;iffs; ,lk; ngw;Wf; 

nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. 

n fpUyg;gid - i`nyTy; tPjpapYs;s nfhlfikg; gphpT> nfhOk;G - 

n`huz tPjp kw;Wk; xUnfhltj;ij - mk;gj;jNy tPjp Nghd;wtw;wpw;fhd 

fhzpf; nfhs;tdtpd; mstPl;L eltbf;iffs; eilngw;Wf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. 


14 

tlkhfhzj;jpd; kjthr;rp - kd;dhu; - 

jiykd;dhu; tPjpapy; 85 MtJ fp.kPw;wupy; 

mike;Js;s gioa> xLf;fkhd kw;Wk; 

gOjile;j ghyj;jpw;F gjpyhf GjpanjhU 

ghyk; epu;khzpg;gNj ,j;jpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fkhFk;. 

,g;ghykhdJ 157 kPw;wu; ePskhdJk; 10.4 kPw;wu; 

mfykhdJk; 2 xOq;Ffisf; nfhz;ljhfTk; 

epu;khzpf;fg;glTs;sJ. ,g;ghyNk kd;dhu;j; 

jPTf;Fk; kd;dhu; ngUepyg;gug;gpw;Fkhd 

xNunahU njhlu;G topahFk;. 

&. 2,116 kpy;ypad; 

,g;ghyj;ij epu;khzpg;gjD}lhf gpd;tUk; 

ed;ikfs; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wd: 

kd;dhu;j; jPTf;Fk; kd;dhu; ngUepyg;gug;gpw;Fkpilapy; 

Nkk;gLj;jg;gl;l njhlu;G. 

kd;dhu;j; jPTf;Fk; kd;dhu; ngUepyg;gpw;Fkpilapy; 

kf;fSf;Fk; gz;lg; Nghf;Ftuj;jpw;Fk; 

jilfsw;w ek;gfukhdJk; ghJfhg;ghdJkhd 

Nghf;Ftuj;J trjp. 

nghJkf;fs FWfpa Neuj;jpw;Fs; jkJ 

Nghf;Ftuj;J Njitiag; g+u;j;jp nra;Jnfhs;tu;. 

kd;dhu; kw;Wk; #o;e;j gpuNjrq;fspd; nghUshjhu 

eltbf;ifapy; mgptpUj;jp Vw;gLk;. 



kd;;dhu; ghyk; Mz;L 2010 

epu;khzj;jpw;fhd xg;ge;jk; ifaspf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. 

epjp %yk; 

cs;@H 


2008 Mk; Mz;Lf; fhd tuTnryTj; jpl;l xJf;fk; - 

&. 210 Kpy;ypad; 

ntspehL: 

&. 1>799 kpy;ypad; 

JICA ed;nfhil

nfhl;lhitapypUe;J nfutyg;gpl;ba tiuahd ,g;ghijapd; 

ePsk; 28 fpNyh kPw;wh;fshFk;. ,r; Rw;W tl;lg; ghij njw;Ff; 

fLfjpg;ghij> nfhOk;G - fz;b fLfjpg;ghij> nfhOk;G - 

fl;Lehaf;fh fLfjpg;ghij Nghd;wtw;Wld;; njhlh;G 

gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. 

ntspr; Rw;Wtl;lg; ghijahdJ Nghf;Ftuj;J 

neUf;fbiaf; Fiwf;ff;$baJk;> ehl;bd; nghUshjhu 

tsh;r;rpapd; Ntfj;ij mjpfhpf;ff; $baJkhd xU 

tPjp tiyg;gpd;dYld; ,izf;fg;gLk;. 

NkNy $wg;gl;l gpujhd %d;W fLfjpg; ghijfSld; 

,izf;fg;gl;ljd; fhuzkhf rh;tNjr tpkhd 

epiyaj;Jf;Fk;> nfhOk;Gf;Fk;> khj;jiw> fhyp> 

fSj;Jiw kw;Wk; fz;b Nghd;w gpujhd efuq;fs; 

kw;Wk; fLfjpg;ghijfSf;Fk; ,ilapYk; mjp 

Nghf;Ftuj;J Kiwiknahd;W cUthf;fg;gLk;. 

nfhOk;G - fz;b tPjpia my;yJ nfhOk;G - ePh;nfhOk;G 

tPjpia gad;gLj;Jk; NjitAs;s nfhOk;G - fhyp 

neLQ;rhiyapYk;> njw;Ff; fLfjpg; ghijapYKs;s 

nfhOk;gpypUe;J Gwg;gLk; thfdq;fs; ntspr; Rw;W 

tl;lg; ghijia xU FWf;F topahfg; gad;gLj;jyhk;. 

,jd; tpisthf nfhOk;G efhpD+}lhfr; nry;Yk; 

thfdq;fs; Fiwf;fg;gLtNjhL nfhOk;G efuj;jpYs;s 

Nghf;Ftuj;J neUf;fbAk; Fiwf;fg;gLk;. 

fLtis> kw;Wk; fltj;ij Nghd;w Gjpa efuq;fspd; ; 

mgptpUj;jpAld; nfhOk;G efuj;ij mbg;gilahfff; 

nfhz;l th;j;jf eltbf;iffs;; mjidr; #oTs;s 

efh;g; Gwq;fSf;Fk; tpahgpf;fg;gLk;. 

ntspr; Rw;W tl;lg; ghij 

epjp %yk; 

cs;@H 

&. 40>065 kpy;ypad; 


&. 4>580 kpy;ypad; 

ntspehL: 

&. 46>817 kpy;ypad; 

[g;ghdpa rh;tNjr $l;LwT tq;fp (JBIC) 


Mz;L 2011 

&. 86,882 kpy;ypad; 

n Kjw; ghfk; (nfhl;lhitapypUe;J fLtis tiu): fhzpf; nfhs;tdT 

Ntiyfs; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sNjhL 873 fhzp chpikahsh;fspy; 460 

egh;fSf;fhd el;l

epjp %yk; 

cs;@H 

&. 20>158 kpy;ypad; 


&. 6>468 kpy;ypad; 

ntspehL 

&. 47>037 kpy;ypad; 

Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fp kw;Wk; 

rHtNjr xj;Jiog;Gf;fhd 

[g;ghdpa tq;fp 

16 

jw;NghJ nfhOk;gpypUe;J khj;jiwf;fhd gaz Neuk; 

5 kzpj;jpahyq;fis tpl mjpfkhFk;.. ,g;ghijapd; 

eph;khzj;jpdhy; ,g;gaz Neuj;jpy; 50 tP;jk;; 

Fiwf;fg;gLk;.. 

,g;ghij nfhOk;G> fSj;Jiw> mSj;fik> fhyp 

kw;Wk; khj;jiw Nghd;w gpujhd efuq;fspd; 

Nghf;Ftuj;J neUf;fbiaf; Fiwf;f cjTk;. MfNt> 

gazpfs; mth;fs; Ngha;r; Nru Ntz;ba ,lq;fis 

FWfpa Neuj;jpy; mila Kbfpd;wJ. 

,g;ghij thfd ,af;f kw;Wk; guhkhpg;Gr; nryitf; 

Fiwf;f cjTk;. me;epar; nryhtzpiar; Nrkpf;fTk; 

,J gq;fspg;Gr; nrYj;Jk;. 

,g;ghij gy;NtW gpuhe;jpaq;fSf;fpilapy; xU 

tpidj;jpwdhd nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; gazpfSf;fhd 

Nghf;Ftuj;Jr; Nritia cUthf;Ftjw;F 

ntspr;Rw;W neLQ;rhiy> fl;Lehaf;fh 

mjpNtfg;ghij. kw;Wk; nfhOk;G - fz;b fLfjpg;ghijAlDk;; 

Neubahf ,izf;fg;gLk;. 

,g;ghij NkYk; tpidj;jpwdhdJk;> cw;gj;jpj; jpwd; 

tha;e;j Vw;Wkjp ,wf;Fkjp th;j;jfj;ij 

cUthf;Ftjw;fhf mk;ghe;Njhl;il JiwKfk;> fhypj; 

JiwKfk; kw;Wk; nfhOk;Gj; JiwKfj;jld; 

Neubahf ,izf;fg;gLk;. 

gpujhd re;jpfSf;Ff; FWf;Nf 11 Nkk;ghyq;fis 

eph;khzpg;gJld; efuq;fSk; ; efu mgptpUj;jp mjpfhu 

rigapdhy; eph;khzpf;fg;gLk;. ,jd; tpisthf Gjpa 

re;ijfs; jpwf;fg;gLtjdhy; Jhpj nghUshjhu 

mgptpUj;jpAk; cUthFk;. 

njw;Ff; mjpNtfg;ghij 

njw;Ff; mjpNtfg; ghijahdJ nfhl;lhitapypUe;J khj;jiw tiuapyhd 4 

xOq;iffSldhd 128 fpNyh kPw;wh; ePsq; nfhz;lJ. ,t;tPjp gpd;tUk; re;jpfspy; 

11 Nkk;ghyq;fSld; eph;khzpf;fg;gLk;: 

1. nfhl;lht 7. gj;Njfik 

2. f`j;JLit 8. gpd;dJit 

3. fsdpfik 9. jPnfhil 

4. njhlq;nfhil 10. nfhf;kLit 

5. ntypg;ngd;d 11. nfhlfik 

6. FWe;Jf`n`j;jfik 



Mz;L 2011 

&. 67,195 

kpy;ypad; 

,g;ghijapd; eph;khzk; ,U ghfq;fshfg; gphpf;fg;gLtNjhL ,uz;;L 

crhj;Jizahsu;fspy; xt;nthU ghfj;jpw;Fk; xt;nthU crhj;Jizahsu;fSk; 

nghWg;ghf ,Ug;ghh;fs;. KjyhtJ ghfk; nfhl;lhitapypUe;J 

FWe;Jf`tj;Njfikf;Fk;> ,uz;lhtJ ghfk; FWe;Jf`tj;- 

NjfikapypUe;J khj;jiwf;FkhFk;. nfhl;lhitapypUe;J FWe;Jf- 

`tj;Njfikf;fhd tPjp eph;khzj;jpy; 25 tPjk; g+h;j;jp nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. 

FWe;Jf`tj;NjfikapypUe;J khj;jiwf;fhd jiukl;lkhf;Fjypy; 70 

tPjk; g+h;j;jp nra;a;g;gl;Ls;sNjhL 25 ghyq;fs; eph;khzpf;fg;gl;Lf; 

nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd.

,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; mk;ghe;Njhl;il> khj;jiw> fhyp> 

gJis> fk;g`h> fSj;Jiw> mDuhjGuk;> fz;b> 

Etnuypah> khj;jis> Gj;jsk;> FUehfiy> mk;ghiw> 

kw;Wk; kl;lf;fsg;G khtl;lq;fspy; Njrpa ngUe;njUf;fspYk;> 

khfhz hPjpapyhdJk; kw;Wk; fpuhkpa 

hPjpapyhd ghijfspYk; 222 ghyq;fis Gdh;eph;khzk; 

nra;tjw;fhd Ntiyfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;: 

n 160 ghyq;fs; ngUe;njUf;fspy;; Gdh; eph;khzk; 

nra;ag;gLk;. 

n 62 ghyq;fs; khfhz kw;Wk; fpuhkpa tPjpfspy; Gdh; 

eph;khzk; nra;ag;gLk;. 

Fiwe;j nrytpy; FWfpa fhyg;gphpnthd;wpy; 

eph;khzk; nra;jy;. 

ghyq;fspd; tphpthf;fk; Nghf;Ftuj;J Kiwia 

,yFthf;Ftjw;Fr; rhj;jpakhf ,Uf;Fk;. 

fpuhkpag; gpuNjrq;fspy; ,yFthdJk; kw;Wk; 

tpUj;jpAw;w re;ijfis mZFjYf;fhd 

trjpfis Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLj;jy;. 

ghyq;fis eph;khzk; nra;jy; 

&. 13,750 kpy;ypad; 

epjp %yk; 

cs;@H 

&. 3>000 kpy;ypad; 


&. 2>000 kpy;ypad; 

ntspehL: 

&. 10>750 kpy;ypad; 

If;fpa ,uhr;rpa muR 


,f;fUj;jpl;lk; 2008Mk; Mz;by; Muk;gpf;fg;gLk;. 

Mz;L 2011 


18 

nfhOk;G - fz;b mjpNtfg;ghij Mz;L 2012 

,f;fUj;jpl;lk; fltj;ijapYs;s ntspr; Rw;W tl;lg; 

ghijAld; ,izf;fg;gl;l nfhOk;Gf;Fk; fz;bf;Fk; 

,ilapyhd 100 fpNyh kPl;lh; J}uj;ijf; nfhz;l 

xOq;iffisf; MjpNtfg;ghijia epHkhzpg;gij 

cs;slf;Ffpd;wJ. 

&. 65,000 

kpy;ypad; 

nfhOk;Gf;Fk; fz;bf;Fkpilapyhd thfd 

neUf;fbiaAk; gaz Neuj;ijAk; Fiwj;jy;. 

vhpnghUs; kw;Wk; thfd guhkhpg;Gr; nryTfisf; 

Fiwj;jy;. 

nfhOk;G efUf;F ,ilapy; tuf;$ba njw;F 

mjpNtfg;ghijf;Fk; kw;Wk; nfhOk;G - ePh; 

nfhOk;G tPjpf;Fk; xU mZFk; ghijia 

toq;Fjy;. 

khj;jis> Nffhiy kw;Wk; Etnuypah Nghd;w 

khtl;lq;fspypUe;J nfhOk;Gf;F ,yFthd 

Nghf;Ftuj;J trjpfis Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLj;jy;. 

Nguhjid> Etnuypah kw;Wk; khj;jis Mfpa 

,lq;fSf;F ,yFthf gpuNtrpf;ff; $ba 

tpjj;jpy; fz;bg; gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; cy;yhrg;gpuahzj;- 

;Jiwia mgptpUj;jp nra;Ak; Nehf;fj;jpy; 

gq;fspg;Gr; nra;jy;. 

fpuhkpa nghUshjhuj;ij tpUj;jp nra;jy;. 

epjp %yk; 



cs;@H 

&. 13>000 kpy;ypad; 



ntspehL: 

&. 52>000 kpy;ypad; 

KjyPl;L tha;g;GilaJ 

n rhj;jpa ts Ma;T> kw;Wk; Rw;whly; jhf;f kjpg;gPLk; g+h;j;jp nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd. 

n mj;jpahtrpakhd epy mstPLfSk; g+h;j;jp nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd. 

n kNyrpaf; fk;gdpnahd;wpdhy; fUj;jpl;lnkhd;iw mKy;gLj;Jtjw;fhd 

gpNuuiznahd;wpw;fhd rhj;jpa Ma;T Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ.

nfhOk;G - fl;Lehaf;fh mjpNtfg;ghij 

nfhOk;Gf;Fk;> fl;Lehaf;fthtpw;Fk; ,ilapyhd 

gaz Neuj;ij 90 epkplq;fspypUe;J 45 

epkplq;fSf;Fr; rhprkdhff; Fiwj;jy;. 

thfd ,af;f kw;Wk; guhkhpg;Gr; nryTfisf; 

Fiwj;jy;. 

nghUl;fspdJk;> NritfspdJk; rh;tNjr 

th;j;jfj;ijAk;> cy;yhrg; gpuahzf; ifj;njhopiyAk; 

; tpUj;jp nra;jy;. 

ntsp ehl;Lr; nryhtzp ciog;igAk;> ehl;bd; 

gy;NtW r%fq;fSf;fhd Ntiy cUthf;fj;jpw;fhd 

tha;g;Gf;fisAk; mjpfhpj;jy;. 

&. 27,000 kpy;ypad; 

epjp %yk; 

cs;@H 

&. 5>000 kpy;ypad; 


&. 1>700 kpy;ypad; 

ntspehL: 

&. 22>000 kpy;ypad; 



Mz;L 2012 

,f;fUj;jpl;lk;> fsdp> Ngypanfhil> [h viy> 

nfutyg;gpl;ba kw;Wk; fl;Lehaf;fh Nghd;w 

,lq; fspy; Ie; J Nkk; ghyq; fis 

eph;khzpg;gJld; nfhOk;gpypUe;J fl;Lehaf;fhtpw;F 

25 fpNyh kPw;wh; njhiyitf; nfhz;l 

ehd;F xOq;iffisf; nfhz;l mjpNtfg; 

ghijia cs;slf;fpAs;sJ. 

n fUj;jpl;lj;jpw;fhd KjyPl;ilg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhd jdpg;gl;l 

KjyPl;lhsh;fSldhd Ngr;Rthh;j;ijfs; ,lk;ngw;Wf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. 

n ,jw;fhd epyk; Vw;fdNt ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sNjhL rpy jiu kl;l 

NtiyfSk; g+h;j;jp nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd. 


&. 4,698 kpy;ypad; 

20 

fl;Lehaf;fh - mEuhjGu tPjp Mz;L 2012 

ru;tNjr tpkhd epiyaj;jpw;Fk; ehl;bd; 

tlgFjpf;Fkpilapyhd njhlu;ig tlNky; kw;Wk; 

tlkj;jpa khfhzq;fspD}lhf Nkk;gLj;jy;. 

gpd;jq;fpa gFjpfspy; fhzg;gLk; tptrha kw;Wk; 

ifj;njhopy; Jiwf;Fj; Njitahd Nghf;Ftuj;J 

trjpfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhLj;jy;. 

thfd neupry; Fiwtiljy;> thfdq;fspd; 

nraw;ghL kw;Wk; guhkupg;Gr; nryT Fiwtiljy;. 

ru;tNjr tpkhd epiyaj;jpw;fhd ghij mgptpUj;jp 

nra;ag;gLtjdhy; ru;tNjr tpahghuk; kw;Wk; 

Rw;Wyhj; JiwahdJ mgptpUj;jpailAk;. 

,g;gpuhe;jpaj;jpd; fpuhkpag; gpuNjrq;fspy; Ranjhopy; 

tha;g;GfSf;fhd re;ju;g;gq;fs; mjpfupf;Fk;. 

tlNky; kw;Wk; tlkj;jpa khfhzq;fspy; kf;fspd; 

nghUshjhu eltbf;iffs; Nkk;gLk;. 

epjp %yk; 



cs;@H 




ntspehL: 

&. 3>758 kpy;ypad; 

nfhupa muR 

,t;tPjpahdJ fl;Lehaf;fhtpypUe;J 

mEuhjGuj;jpw;F 150 fp.kPw;wu; ePskhdjhFk;. 

n Kjw;fl;lj;jpy; mEuhjGuj;jpypUe;J 

ghnjdpa tiuapy; 84 fp.kPw;wu; ePskhd 

tPjpahdJ ,ul;il XLghijapypUe;J 

4 XLghijfshf tpupthf;fg;gLk;. 

n ,uz;lhk; fl;lj;jpy; fl;Lehaf;fhtpypUe;J 

ghnjdpa tiuapy; 

66 fp.kPw;wu; ePskhd tPjpahdJ 

mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;gLk;. 

fl;Lehaf;fhtpypUe;J ghnjdpa tiuapyhd tPjpf;fhd rhj;jpats Ma;T 

1996 Mk; Mz;by; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJ. tPjp mgptpUj;jp mjpfhu rigahdJ 

,r; rhj;jpats Ma;it kPs;guprPyid nra;J rpy jpUj;jq;fisr; nra;Js;sJ. 

fl;Lehaf;f ghnjdpa tiuapyhd tPjpia epu;khzpg;gjw;Fk; ghnjdpatpypUe;J 

mEuhjGuk; tiuapyhd gFjpia Gduikg;Gr; nra;tjw;Fk; nfhupa murpd; 

vf;]pk; tq;fpapdhy; epjpaPl;lk; nra;a ,zf;fk; njuptpj;Js;sJ.

Njrpa ngUnjUf;fs; tiyg; gpd;dypd; 

mgptpUj;jp (“V” kw;Wk; “gP”) 

,f;fUj;jpl;lkhdJ Njrpa ngUe;njUf;fs; tiyg;gpd;dYf;Fs; 

cs;slf;fg;gLk; “V” kw;Wk; “gP” tifiar; Nrh;e;j 303 fpNyh 

kPw;wh; tPjpfis Gdh; eph;khzk; nra;Ak; - mtw;wpy;. 

cs;slf;fg;gLk; tPjpfshtd: 

n `l;ld; - Etnuypah tPjp 

n Gj;jsk; - jpUNfhzkiy tPjpapYs;s 

mDuhjGuj;jpypUe;J jpUNfhzkiyf;fhd gphpT. 

n g];]iw - nkhduhfiy tPjp 

n nty;ytha - vy;y - Fk;gy;tiy tPjp 

n g];ahy - fphpcy;y tPjpapYs;s kPhpfikapypUe;J 

fphpcy;iyf;fhd gphpT 

n fl;Lehaf;fh - Ntaq;nfhil tPjp 

n Ntaq;nfhil - Utd;tiy tPjpapYs;s 

Ntaq;nfhilapypUe;J epl;lk;Gitf;fhd gphpT. 

n ePh;nfhOk;G - fphpcy;y tPjp 

n fsdp - KJd;nfhil tPjp 

n fLtis - gpafik tPjp 

`l;ldpypUe;J EtnuypahTf;fhd tPjp 

mgptpUj;jpahdJ Etnuypahtpw;fhd cs;ehl;L 

kw;Wk; ntspehl;L cy;yhrg; gpuahzpfspd; 

tUifia mjpfhpg;-gjw;F cjtp nra;Ak;. 

gJis khtl;lj;jpy;; tPjp mgptpUj;jpapD}lhf 

fpuhkg; gpuNjrq;fspd; gpuNtrk; tpUj;jp 

nra;ag;gLk;. 

mDuhjGuk; jpUNfhzkiy tPjpapd; 

mgptpUj;jpAldhd 102 fpNyh kPw;wUf;Fs;shd 

tPjp fpuhkq;fspd; r%f nghUshjhu 

eltbf;iffis tpUj;jp nra;Ak;. 

fl;Lehaf;fh kw;Wk; gpafikapYs;s Rje;jpu 

th;j;jf tyaq;fSf;fhd mZFk; ghijfSf;fhd 

Gdh;eph;khz Ntiyfs; njhopy; 

tha;g;Gf;fis tpUj;jp nra;Ak;. 

epjp %yk; 


&. 19,000 kpy;ypad; 

cs;@H 

&. 5>700 kpy;ypad; 

ntspehL: 

&. 13>300 kpy;ypad; 


n ,f;fUj;jpl;lk; 2009Mk; Mz;bypUe;J Muk;gpf;fg;gLk;.. 

Mz;L 2012 

n gpNuhpf;fg;gl;l tPjpfs; Gdh;eph;khzk; nra;ag;gLjw;fhf ,dq; 

fhzg;gl;Ls;sd. 


22 

Nkk;ghyq;fis eph;khzk; nra;jy; Mz;L 2013 

nfhOk;G efuj;jpYk; kw;Wk; mjd; Rw;Wg; Gwq;fspYKs;s 

ghijfspd;; ,aysthdJ Jhpjkhf mjpfhpj;J tUk; 

thfdq;fspd; vz;zpf;ifapd; Ntfj;Jld; mjpfhpg;gltpy;iy. 

,J fhiyapYk; khiyapYk; xU kzpj;jpahyj;jpw;F 

12 fpNyh kPw;wUf;F thfdj;jpd; Ntfk; 

Fiwf;fg;gl;ljd; fhuzkhf Vw;gl;l fLk; Nghf;Ftuj;J 

neUf;fbapd; tpisthNt ,e;epiyik cUthfpAs;sJ. 

ghijfspd; ; tphpthf;fk; ; khj;jpuk; Nghf;Ftuj;J neUf;fbg; 

gpur;rpidf;fhd xU g+uzkhd eilKiw jPh;thf ,Uf;f 

KbahJ. MfNt> cgha hPjpahf njhpT nra;ag;gl;l 

re;jpfspy; eph;khzpf;fg;gLk; Nkk;ghyq;fs; Nghf;Ftuj;J 

neUf;fbiaf; Fiwg;gjw;fhd xu; jPh;thff; ; fUjg;gLk;. 

fPNo Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s 17 Nkk;ghyq;fSk; nfhOk;G 

efuj;jpYk; mjidr; #oTs;s gpuNjrq;fspYk; 

eph;khzpf;fg;gLk;: 

n nfhOk;G - fz;b ngUe;njUtpYs;s fsdpg; Gifapujf; 

FWf;fpy; re;jpg;gpy; 

n Ntaq;nfhil - epl;lk;Git> &td;tiy ngUe;njUtpYs;s 

Ntaq;nfhil Gifapujr; re;jpg;gpy; 

gpujhd tPjpfspy; thfdq;fspd; Ntfj;ij 

mjpfhpg;gNjhL thfdq;fspd; efh;tpidAk; tpUj;jp 

nra;jy;. 

vhpnghUs; tPz; tpuaj;jpidf; Fiwj;jy;. 

nfhOk;G efuj;jpw;Fk;; kw;Wk; Vida gpujhd 

efuq;fSf;Fk; ; ,yFthfg; gpuNtrpf;ff;$bajhf 

,Uj;jy;. 



n nfhOk;G n`huiz tPjpapYs;s nfhFtis re;jpapy; 

n fpUyg;gid i`nyty; tPjpapy; 

n nfhOk;G - fhyptPjpapYs;s nj`ptis re;jpapy; 

n Ng];iyd; tPjpf;F Clhf i`nyty; tPjpf;Ff; FWf;Nf 

n nghuy];fKttpy; nfhOk;G - n`huz tPjpapy; 

n Lg;ypNfrd; tPjpf;F Clhf rpNyt; ma;yd;by; cs;s fiuNahu 

Gifapujg; ghijf;Ff; FWf;Nf 

n ntypf;fil- uh[fphpa re;jpapy; 

n Ng];iyd; tPjpapYs;s xUnfhltj;ij re;jpapy; 

n nfhOk;G fz;b tPjpapYs;s gQ;rpfhtj;ijapy; 

n ypg;ld; rJf;fj;jpy; 

n ngsj;jhNyhf khtj;ijapYs;s fdj;ij re;jpapy; 

n nrj;jhk; tPjpf;Fk; `py;ld; Rw;W tl;lj;Jf;Fk; FWf;Nf 

n gk;gyg;gpl;ba Gifapuj epiya tPjpapy; 

n fpd;rp tPjp - B.v];. Nrdhehaf;fh re;jpapy; 

n ENfnfhilapy; i`nyty; tPjpapy; 

epjp %yk; 

cs;@H 

&. 6>000 kpy;ypad; 



ntspehL: 

&. 14>000 kpy;ypad; 


&. 20,000 kpy;ypad; 

n nfhOk;G - fz;b tPjpapYs;s fsdp Gifapuj re;jpg;gpYk;> nj`ptis re;jpapYk; 

2 Nkk;ghyq;fis eph;khzk; nra;tjw;fhd tphpthd tbtikg;Gf;fs; g+h;j;jp 

nra;a;g;gl;Ls;sd. 

n ENfnfhilapy; Nkk;ghyq;fis eph;khzk; nra;tjw;fhf &gh 1>120 kpy;ypad; 

ed;nfhilfis rPdh toq;fTs;sJ. ,e;Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf mj;jpahtrpakhd gj;jpuq;fs; 

rPdh kw;Wk; ,yq;if murhq;fj;jpdhy; Vw;fdNt ifr;rhj;jplg;gl;Ls;sd. 

n vQ;rpa Nkk;ghyq;fis eph;khzk; nra;tjw;fhd epjpiag; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhf 

Vida ed;nfhil epWtdq;fSldhd Ngr;Rthh;jijfs; ,lk;ngw;Wf; 

nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd.

,j;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; 213 fp.kPw;wu; ePskhd tlf;F 

mjpNtfg; ghij tTdpahtpD}lhf 

mEuhjGuj;jpypUe;J aho;g;ghzk; tiu 

Gduikj;J mgptpUj;jp nra;tjhFk;. 

&. 90,000 kpy;ypad; 

ehl;bd; njd;gFjpf;Fk; tlgFjpf;Fkpilapyhd 

njhlu;G Nkk;gLj;jg;gLk;. 

tlf;fpw;fhd gpuahzpfSf;Fk;> nghUl;fSf;Fk; 

NritfSf;Fk; ghJfhg;ghdJk; ek;gfkhd-Jkhd 

kw;Wk; Rygkhd efu;TilaJkhd trjpiaspj;jy;. 

thfd cupikahsu;fspd; thfdg; guhkupg;Gr; nryT 

kw;Wk; gpuahz Neuk; vd;gd FiwtilAk;. 

ehL g+uhfTKs;s nghUshjhu kj;jpa 

epiyaq;fSld; tl khfhzk; ,izf;fg;gLk;. 

nfhOk;G - aho; g]; Nghf;Ftuj;Jr; Nritfs; 

mjpfupf;Fk;. 

Rw;Wyhj; JiwahdJ Nkk;gLj;jg;gLk;. 

tlf;F mjpNtfg; ghij 


Mz;L 2017 

epjp %yk; 


rhj;jpats Ma;T eltbf;iffSf;fhf tPjp mgptpUj;jp mjpfhu rigahdJ 

kNyrpa fk;gdpAld; Gupe;Jzu;T xg;ge;jk; nra;Js;sJ. 


24 

kpd;rhuk; 

KjyPLfs; 

&. 298,065 kpy;ypad; 

Mz;L 2008 

nfutyg;gpl;ba mdy; kpd; nghwpj;njhFjp 

Mz;L 2009/10 

Nky; nfhj;kiy ePu;kpd; cw;gj;jp 

nghwpj;njhFjp 

Mz;L 2009/10 

kpd;flj;jy; Kiwikia mgptpUj;jp 

nra;jYk; Nkk;gLj;jYk; 

Mz;L 2010/11 

Eiur;Nrhiy epyf;fup kpd; cw;gj;jp 

epiyak; 


Mz;L 2011 

kpd;flj;jy; Kiwikapid Nkk;gLj;jy; 

Mz;L 2011 

nfutygpba jput ,aw;if thA mdy; kpd; 

cw;gj;jp kpd; nghwpj;njhFjp 

Mz;L 2011/12 

jpUNfhzkiy epyf;fup kpd; cw;gj;jp epiyak; 

Mz;L 2012 

eLj;ju kw;Wk; fPo; kpd;Ndhl;l tiyaikg;G 

mgptpUj;jp

mgptpUj;jpf;fhd Cd;WNfhy; 

capu;fSf;F ntspr;rk; 

tsu;r;rpia tsg;gLj;jy; 

ehl;bd; KOr; rdj;njhif;fFk; ed;ikaspf;ff; 

$ba tifapy; ek;gfkhd kw;Wk; epiyNgwhd 

kpd; tpepNahfj;ij Fiwe;j fpuaj;jpy; ngw;Wf; 

nfhLg;gNj kpd;rhu rigapd; ePz;lfhy Nehf;fhFk;. 

efu;g; gpuNjrq;fspy; ruhrup kpd;rhu ghtid 

cs;slf;fkhdJ 80%-85% tPjkhFk;. mNjNtis 

fpuhkg; Gwq;fspy; ,J 50%-60% tPjkhFk;. kpFjp 

kpd;rhu tpepNahfkhdJ Njrpa kpd; fl;likg;Gf;F 

ntspapyhd kPs; GJg;gpf;ff; $ba rf;jpts 

njhopy;El;gq;fshd rpwpa ePu;kpd; cw;gj;jp 

epiyaq;fs;> #upa kpd;rf;jp> fhw;W kw;Wk; tpwF 

Nghd;wtw;wpD}lhf ngw;Wf;nfhs;s KbAk;. 

jw;NghJ 74% tPLfs; Njrpa kpd;fl;likg;gpypUe;Nj 

kpd; tpepNahfj;ijg; ngw;Ws;sd. mNjNtis 

3% khd tPLfs; Njrpa kpd;fl;likg;Gf;F 

ntspapypUe;J ,izg;igg; ngw;Ws;sd. 2010 

Mk; Mz;L MFk;NghJ ehl;bd; 90% tPLfSf;F 

kpd;tpepNahfj;ij ngw;Wf; nfhLg;gjw;F vjpu; 

ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,J kpd; fl;likg;Gf;F 

ntspapypUe;J ,izg;G cs;slq;fpajhFk;. 

tUlhe;j kpd;rhug; ghtidahdJ 7%-8% ,dhy; 

mjpfupf;fpd;wJ. ,jdhy; tUlhe;jk; 200 nk.nthl; 

Njrpa kpd;fl;likg;Gf;F Nru;f;fg;gl Ntz;bAs;sJ. 

jw;NghJ kpd; cw;gj;jpahdJ ngUkstpy; krF 

vz;nzapNy jq;fpAs;sJ. ,jdhy; kpd; 

cw;gj;jpapd; cw;gj;jpf; fpuakhdJ mjpfupj;Jr; 

nry;fpd;wJ. ,g;gpur;ridf;F jPu;thf Fiwe;j 

fpuaj;ijf; nfhz;l epyf;fup kw;Wk; ePu;kpd; cw;gj;jp 

nghwp epiyaq;fs; jw;NghJ epu;khzpf;fg;gl;L 

tUfpd;wd. ,jdhy; Fiwe;j fpuaj;jpy; kpd;rhuk; 

tpepNahfpf;f KbAk;. 

Njrpa kpd;gpwg;ghf;fj;jpy; 16% flj;jy;fs; kw;Wk; 

tpepNahfj;jpd; NghJ ,of;fg;gLtjhf 

kjpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. 2016 Mk; Mz;lstpy; 

,t;tpog;Gf;fis 12% tiu Fiwg;gjw;F vjpu; 

ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,t;tpyf;if mila 

jw;Nghija flj;jy;fs; kw;Wk; tpepNahf 

trjpfis Nkk;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;bAs;sJ. 

ue;njhu kpd;rhuj; jpl;lq;fshdJ 2008 Mk; Mz;by; 

,Ue;J Muk;gpf;Fk; tUlhe;j kpd;rhu Nfs;tpiag; 

g+u;j;jp nra;Ak; tifapy; tbtikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. 


nfutyg;gpl;ba mdy; kpd; nghwpj;njhFjp Mz;L 2008 

26 

,j;jpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fkhtJ 300 nkfhNthl; 

mdy; kpd; nghwpj;njhFjpapid epu;khzpg;gjD}lhf 

mjpfupj;J tUk; kpd;rhuj;jpw;fhd 

FWfpafhyf; Nfs;tpia g+u;j;jp nra;tjhFk;. 

epjp %yk; 

cs;@H 


,yq;if kpdrhu rig 

ntspehL: 

&. 34>177 kpy;ypad; 

nt];l;Nfh];l; gtu; fk;gdp 

nghWg;Ngw;Ws;sJ. 

,k; kpd; nghwpj;njhFjpahdJ jw;NghJ FWfpa 

fhyj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; Nkyjpf Nfs;tpia 

rkhspg;gjw;fhd kpd;rhuj;ij toq;fp ehl;by; 

kpd;ntl;L mKy;gLj;jg;gl khl;lhJ vd;gij 

cWjpg;gLj;JtjhFk;. 

,j;jpl;lj;jpd; %yk; Njrpa kpd;rhuf; 

fl;likg;Gf;F 300 nkfhNthl; kpd;rhuj;ij 

Nru;g;gJ kw;Wk; ,J tUlhe;j ruhrup kpd;rhuf; 

Nfs;tpapy; Vw;gLk; 200 nkfhNthl; mjpfupg;ig 

g+u;j;jp nra;Ak; vd;gijAk; cWjpg;gLj;j 

cjTfpd;wJ. 

1 fpNyhNthl; kpd;rhu myfpd; fpuaj;ij 

Fiwj;jy;. 

jpl;lk; mKyhf;fg;gLk; gpuNjrj;jpd; r%f 

nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpia Nkk;gLj;jy;. 



&. 34,267 kpy;ypad; 

epu;khzg; gzpfs; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd 2008 Mk; Mz;L nrg;lk;gu;py; 

KOj;jpl;lKk; g+uzg;gLj;jg;glTs;sJ.

,e; ePu;kpd; cw;gj;jp nghwpahdJ 150 nkfhNthl; 

nfhs;ssitf; nfhz;lJ. Fiwe;j nrytpyhd 

kpd;rhuj;ijg; gpwg;ghf;Fk; nghwpfis epu;khzpf;Fk; 

Njrpa epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lj;jpd; xU gFjpahf ,J fUjg;gLk;. 

tUlhe;jk; Njrpa kpd; fl;likg;Gf;F Nru;f;fg;gl 

Ntz;b 200 nkfh Nthl; cl;gl ehl;bd; vjpu;fhy 

kpd;rhuf; Nfs;tpiag; g+u;j;jp nra;af;$ba tifapy; 

,j;jpl;lkhdJ tUlhe;jk; 409 [pfh Nthl; 

kpd;rhuj;ij gpwg;ghf;Fk; vd vjpu;ghu;f;fg; 

gLfpd;wJ. 

,j;jpl;lj;jpd; fhuzkhf fl;lhakhf ,lk;ngau;e;j 

kf;fspd; tho;f;ifj;juk; Nkk;gLk; vd vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. 

nghwpj;njhFjp epu;khz fhyj;jpd;NghJ ,g; 

gpuNjrj;jpd; jpwdw;w kw;Wk; njhopyw;w kf;fSf;F 

Neub kw;Wk; kiwKf njhopy; tha;g;Gf;fs; kw;Wk; 

tUkhdk; ciof;Fk; re;ju;g;gq;fisAk; Vw;gLj;Jk; 

vd vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. 

jw;NghJ mdy; kpd;rhu cw;gj;jpf;fhf krF 

vz;nza; ,wf;Fkjpf;fhf nrytplg;gLk; 

ntspehl;L nryhtzpia Nrkpf;fyhk;. ,yq;if 

kpd;rhu rigahdJ tUlhe;jk; mz;zsthf &gh 

16>000 kpy;ypad;fis tUlhe;jk; Brypw;fhf nryT 

nra;fpd;wJ. ,j;jpl;lj;jpd; %yk; ,jpy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f 

xU njhifia Nrkpf;fyhk;. 

,j;jpl;lj;jpd; %yk; gpwg;gpf;fg;gLk; kpd;rhuj;ij 

ifj;njhopy; Jiwfspd; Nfs;tpiag; g+u;j;jp 

nra;tjw;F gad;gLj;jyhk;. ehl;by; ifj;njhopy; 

Jiwapy; KjyPL nra;a vjpu;ghu;f;Fk; KjyPl;lhsu; 

fSf;F ek;gfukhd kw;Wk; rhjhuz tpiyapy; 

kpd;rhuk; fpilg;gij cWjpg; gLj;jyhk; ,J 

ehl;bd; ifj;njhopy; Jiwapd; tsu;r;rpf;F ngupJk; 

gq;fspg;Gr;nra;Ak 

ehl;by; kpd;rhu trjp fpilf;fg;ngwhj gpuNjrq;fSf;F 

kpd;tpepNahfk; nra;tjw;F ,j;jpl;lk; 

ngupJk; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;Ak; vd vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ.ehl;bd; 

23%Md tPLfSf;F kpd;rhuk; 

fpilf;fg; ngWtjpy;iy. ,j;jpl;lj;jpd; %yk; 

,t;tPLfSf;Fk; kpd;tpepNahfk; Nkw;nfhs;syhk;. 

Nky; nfhj;kiy ePu;kpd; 

cw;gj;jp nghwpj;njhFjp 

&. 38,219 kpy;ypad; 

epjp %yk; 

cs;@H 

&. 5>952 kpy;ypad; 


&. 4>000 kpy;ypad; 

ntspehL: 

&. 32>267 kpy;ypad; 

ru;tNjr xj;Jiog;Gf;fhd [g;ghdpa tq;fp (JBIC) nghWg;Ngw;Ws;sJ. 


Mz;L 2009/10 

n ,g;gpuNjrj;jpd; cl;fl;likg;G trjpfis mgptpUj;jp nra;Ak; Ntiyfs; 2005 ,y; 

Muk;gpf;fg;gl;ld. 

n 2007 khu;r; khjj;jpy; 33 fpNyhNthl; kpd;khw;wy; epiyaq;fspd; epu;khzg;gzpfs; 

g+u;j;jp nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd. 

n jythf;fiy kw;Wk; jtye;njd;d EioTg; ghijfs; Gduikg;G Ntiyfs; 

kw;Wk; nfhj;kiy XahTf;F Nkyhd ghyj;jpd; epu;khzg; gzpfSk; g+u;j;jp 

nra;ag;gl;ls;sd. 

n Ruq;f topg; ghijapd; epu;khzg; gzpfs; eilngw;Wf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. 

n ,e;j tUlj;jpd; ,Wjpapy; ePu;j;jLg;Gf; fjTfs; kw;Wk; jhdpaq;fp fjTfs; 

nghUj;jg;gLk;. 

n mizf;fl;L epu;khzj;jpd; Muk;gf; fl;l Ntiyfs; Muk;g epiyapYs;sd kw;Wk; 

220 fp.nthl; kpd;khw;wy; fk;gpfis ,Og;gjw;fhd gpuNjrq;fspd; epy msit 

eltbf;iffs; Muk;gkhAs;sd. 

n ,j;jpl;lj;jpdhy; tPLfisAk; fhzpfisAk; ,oe;j 495 FLk;gq;fSf;fhd tPLfs; 

epu;khzpf;fg;gl;lLf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. ,tw;wpy; 25 tPLfs; g+u;j;jp nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd. 


28 

kpd; flj;jy; Kiwikia mgptpUj;jp 

nra;jYk; Nkk;gLj;jYk; 

gpd;tUk; kpd;khw;wy; mgptpUj;jp eltbf;iffis 

mKy;gLj;JtjD}lhf Njrpa kpd; fl;likg;gpy; ,lk;ngWk; 

kpd;flj;jy; ,og;Gf;fis Fiwj;J ek;gfukhd kpd; 

tpepNahfj;ij cWjpg;gLj;JtNj ,j;jpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fkhFk;: 

n fl;Lehaf;fh cg kpd; epiyaj;ij epu;khzpj;jy; 

n thior;Nrid kpd;khw;wy; jpl;lj;ij Nkk;gLj;jy;. 

n nfhOk;G V cg kpd; epiyaj;ij tprhykhf;Fjy;. 

n nfhOk;G 1 cg kpd; epiyaj;ij tprhykhf;Fjy;. 

n ue;jk;ig kpd; cw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpy; 220 fp.nthl;/ 

132 fp.nthl; cs;sf kpd;khw;wpfis nghUj;Jjy; 

n %d;whtJ 220/132/33/ fp.nthl; kpd;khw;wpfis 

gpafktpy; nghUj;Jjy;. 

kpd;flj;jy; trjpfis Nkk;gLj;JtjD}lhf kpd; 

tpepNahf ,aysit tpupthf;Ftjw;F 

vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. 

Efu;NthUf;F ek;gfukhdJk; kw;Wk; Jz;bg;gpy;yhj 

njhlu;r;rpahd kpd;rhu tpepNahfj;ij 

Nkw;nfhs;tjpy; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;fpd;wJ. 

Njrpa kpd;gpwg;ghf;fpapy; Vw;gLk; kpd; khw;wq;fs; 

kw;Wk; tpepNahf ,og;gdit 16% ,Ue;J 12% 

Mff; Fiwg;gjw;F vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. 

,jdhy; 360 [pfh Nthl;bw;F rkkhd Nkyjpf 

,aysit Nrkpf;f KbAkhf ,Uf;Fk;. 

,r;Nrkpg;gpd; gzg;ngWkjp &gh 3>060 kpy;ypad;. 

,k;Nkk;gLj;jg;gl;l kpd; khw;wpfs; kw;Wk; tpepNahf 

trjpfspD}lhf GJg;gpf;ff; $ba kpd; %yq;fis 

Njrpa fl;likg;Gf;F Nru;j;Jf; nfhs;tjw;F 

re;ju;g;gj;ij mspf;fpd;wJ. ,J jdpg;gl;l 

KjyPl;lhsu;fs; ,yq;ifapd; GJg;gpf;ff; $ba 

kpd;tYj;Jiwapy; KjyPL nra;tij Cf;Ftpf;fpd;wJ. 

,J ifj;njhopy; Jiwf;fhd kpd; tpepNahfj;ij 

Nkk;gLj;Jk;. ifj;njhopy; Jiwapy; 

KjyPl;lhsu;fis ftu;tjw;F ek;gfukhd 

njhlu;r;rpahd kpd;tpepNahfk; ,d;wpaikahj 

fhuzpahFk;. 

epjp %yk; 



cs;@H 


Mz;L 2009/10 

ntspehL: 

&. 3>324 kpy;ypad; 


&. 4,024 kpy;ypad; 

Muk;g rhj;jpats mwpf;if Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;L tpupthd tbtikg;Gf;fs; 

jahupf;fg;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ.

&. 51,550 

kpy;ypad; 

Kjyhk; fl;lj;jpy; 300 nk.nthl; kpd;rhuj;ijAk; 

,uz;lhk; fl;lj;jpy; 600 nk.nthl; kpd;rhuj;ijAk; 

Njrpa kpd; fl;likg;Gf;F Nru;j;Jf; nfhs;tjw;F 


2015 ,y; ehl;bd; kpd;rhuj; Njitapidg; g+u;j;jp 

nra;tjpy; ,j;jpl;lkhdJ Fwpg;gpLk;gbahd gq;fspg;igr; 

nra;Ak; vd vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. 

,j;jpl;lkhdJ nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jp kw;Wk; 

ifj;njhopy; Jiwapd; tpupthf;fj;jpy; ngUk; 

gq;fspg;igr; nra;Ak; vd vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. 

,J ehl;bd; Ntiy tha;g;Gf;fis mjpfupj;J 

tUkhdj;ij mjpfupg;jw;f;Fk; toptFf;Fk;. 

epyf;fupiag; gad;gLj;jp kpd;rhuj;ij cw;gj;jp 

nra;tjw;fhd fpuakhdJ mdy; kpd;rhuj;jpd; fpuaj;Jld; 

xg;gpLk;NghJ FiwthdjhFk;. ,jdhy; kpd; 

cw;gj;jpf;fhd fpuak; FiwtiltJld; ehl;bd; 

ntspehl;L nryhtzpAk; Nrkpf;fg;gLk;. 

Fiwe;j fpua kpd;rhu cw;gj;jpapdhy; ehl;bd; kpd; 

fl;lzk; FiwtilAk;. jw;NghJ kpd; myF xd;wpw;fhd 

fpuak; 12.65 rjkhFk;. ,J Fwpg;gplj;jf;f mstpy; 

Fiwf;fg;glyhk;. 

jpl;lj;jpd; epu;khzf; fhyj;jpy; Neub kiwKf njhopy; 

tha;g;Gf;fs; Vw;gLj;jg;gLk;. 

,j;jpl;lj;jpdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l 74 FLk;gq;fSf;F 74 

tPLfSk; kw;Wk; Vida cl;fl;likg;G trjpfSk; 

nra;J nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. 

Eiur;Nrhiy epyf;fup kpd; 

cw;gj;jp epiyak; 

epjp %yk; 

cs;@H 

&. 1>500 kpy;ypad; 


Mz;L 2009/11 

,yq;ifapy; Fiwe;j fpuaj;jpy; kpd;rhuj;ij cw;gj;jp 

nra;Ak; cghaj;jpd; xU gFjpia ,k;kpd; cw;gj;jp 

epiyakhFk;: ,j;jpl;lj;jpd; gpujhd $Wfshtd: 

n kpd; cw;gj;jp nghwpj;njhFjpia epu;khzpj;jy; 

n epyf;fup ifahs;if trjpfis mspj;jy; 

n Eiur;NrhiyapypUe;J ntahq;nfhil tiuapy; 

kpd;khw;wy; fk;gpfis ,izj;jy;. 

n EioTg; ghijfis mgptpUj;jp nra;jy;. 

n jpl;lg; gpuNjrj;jpd; tPlikg;G kw;Wk; efu epu;khzk;. 

,j;jpl;lq;fs; %d;W fl;lq;fshf mKy;gLj;jg;gLk;: 

fl;lk; 1 fl;lk; 1 - 300 nk.nthl; epyf;fup kpd; 

cw;gj;jp epiyaj;ij epu;khzpj;jy;. 

fl;lk; 2 kw;Wk; fl;lk; 3 - kpd; cw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpd; ,aysit 

900 nk.nthl;fshf mjpfupj;jy;. 


&. 8>500 kpy;ypad; 

ntspehL: 

&. 50>050 kpy;ypad; 

rPd murpd; vf;]pk; tq;fpapdhy; nghWg;Ngw;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. 

n kpd;rhu epiyaj;jpd; epu;khzg; gzpfs; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. 

n ghjpf;fg;gl;l FLk;gq;fSf;fhd 74 tPLfs; epu;khzpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. 

n ghyhtp fw;gpl;bg; ghij Gduikg;G Ntiyfs; eilngWfpd;wJ. 

n kpd; cw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpw;fhd EioTg;ghij Ntiyfs; 

Muk;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. 


fPo;f; fhzg;gLk; kpd;flj;jy; mgptpUj;jp jpl;lq;fis mKy; gLj;JtjD}lhf Njrpa 

kpd;rhuf; fl;likg;gpy; ,lk;ngWk; kpd;rhu ,og;Gf;fs; Fiwf;fg;gl;L ek;gfukhd 

kpd; tpepNahfj;ij cWjpg;gLj;JtNj ,j;jpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fkhFk;. 

1) cg kpd; epiyaq;fis epu;khzpj;jy;: nfhOk;G gP> gy;Nyfy> ehTy> kft> 

tpkyRNue;jpu kw;Wk; k`paq;fid. 

2) cg kpd; epiyaq;fis tpupthf;Fjy;: ghze;Jiw> mk;ghiw> FUehfy;> n`huz> 

khj;jiw> ntahq;nfhil> `k;ge;Njhl;lil> gyhq;nfhil> EtNuypah> gJis> 

rPjhthf;if> cf;Ftis> njfptis> khjk;ig> `guz> jpUNfhzkiy. 

3) gpujhd Kiwik fl;Lg;ghl;L epiyaj;ij epu;khzpj;jy; 

4) kpd;flj;jy; fk;gpfis ,izj;jy;. 

m. jpUNfhzkiy - tTdpah kpd;khw;wp fk;gptop 

M. `guiz - mEuhjGuk; kpd;khw;wp fk;gptop 

,. fhyp - khj;jiw kpd;khw;wp fk;gptop 

727 kpy;ypad; 



Mz;L 2011 

&. 26,805 

kpy;ypad; 

ntspehL: 

&. 22>078 kpy;ypad; 


n Muk;g rhj;jpats mwpf;if Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;L tpupthd tbtikg;Gf;fs; 

jahupf;fg;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ. 

n ,j;jpl;lj;ij mKy;gLj;Jtjw;F ntspehl;L cjtpia ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F 

vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

nfutygpba jput ,aw;if thA mdy; 

kpd; cw;gj;jp kpd; nghwpj;njhFjp 

nfutyg;gpl;batpy; 300 nk.nthl; jput ,aw;if thA 

mdy; kpd; cw;gj;jp nghwpj; njhFjpapid epu;khzpg;gjD}lhf 

kpd; tpepNahfj;ij FWfpa fhyj;jpy; tpupTgLj;jp mjpfupj;J 

tUk; FWfpa fhy kpd;rhuf; Nfs;tpia g+u;j;jp nra;tNj 

,j;jpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fkhFk;. 

,j;jpl;lj;jpd; $Wfshtd: 

n 300 nkfhnthl;l ,ize;j rf;fu kpd; nghwpj;njhFjpapd; 

epu;khzk; 

n jput ,aw;if thA ,wq;FJiwia epu;khzpj;jy;. 

n gpuNjrj;jpd; cl;fl;likg;G trjpfis mgptpUj;jp nra;jy; 

&. 71,000 kpy;ypad; 

,k; kpd;nghwpj; njhFjpapid epu;khzpg;gjD}lhf 

FWfpa fhyj;jpy; kpd;rhuj;jpw;F fhzg;gLk; Nkyjpf 

Nfs;tpahdJ ePf;fg;gl;L ehL kpd;rhu gpur;rpidia 

vjpu;Nehf;fhJ vd;gij cWjp nra;Ak;. 

tUlhe;jk; ruhrupahf kpd;rhuf; Nfs;tpapy; Vw;gl;L 

tUk; 200 nk.nthl;l mjpfupg;ig g+u;j;jp nra;af; 

$ba tifapy; ,j;jpl;lkhdJ 300 nkfh nthl;fis 

Njrpa kpd; fl;likg;gpw;F Nru;f;Fk;. 

,k; kpd;rhu cw;gj;jp nghwpj;njhFjpahdJ ,ize;j 

Row;rp nghwpj; njhFjpahf ,Ug;gjdhy; Bry; nghwpj; 

njhFjpAld; xg;gpLifapy; Fiwe;j fpuaj;jpy; 

kpd;rhuj;ij cw;gj;jp nra;af; $bajhAs;sJ. 

jw;Nghija xU myF kpd; cw;gj;jpf;fhd nrythd 

&gh 12.65 ck; ,jd; %yk; Fwpg;gpLk;gbahd mstpy; 

Fiwf;fyhk; vd vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. 

gpNuupf;fg;gl;Ls;s jput ,aw;if thA ,wf;F Jiwap- 

D}lhf jw;Nghija Bry; nghwpj; njhFjpfisAk; 

jput thA mdy; kpd; nghwpfshf khw;Wtjw;F 

ehl;bd; Nghf;Ftuj;J Jiwf;Fk; jput thAit 

vupnghUshf gad;gLj;j KbAk;. 

epjp %yk; 

cs;@H 

&. 10>000 kpy;ypad; 

ntspehL: 

&. 61>000 kpy;ypad; 



Mz;L 2011 

n ,j;jpl;lj;ij mKy;gLj;Jtjw;F [g;ghd; kpl;Rgprp fk;gdpAld; xg;ge;jnkhd;W 

2007 Mk; Mz;L xf;Nlhgu; khjj;jpy; ifr;rhj;jplg;glTs;sJ. 


&. 60,000 kpy;ypad; 

32 

jpUNfhzkiy epyf;fup kpd; 

cw;gj;jp epiyak; 

jpUNfhzkiyapy; 500 nk.nthl; kpd;rhuj;ij gpwg;gpf;ff; 

$ba nghwpj;njhFjpia epu;khzpj;J Njrpa kpd; 

fl;likg;Gf;F Fiwe;j fpuaj;jpy; kpd;rhuj;ij ngw;Wf; 

nfhLg;gNj ,j;jpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fkhFk;. 

Njrpa kpd; fl;likg;gpw;F 500 nk.nthl; 

kpd;rhuj;ij Nru;j;jy; 

Bry; kpd; nghwpj;njhFjpfSld; xg;gpLifapy; 

epyf;fupj; njhFjpapD}lhf cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLk; 

kpd;rhuj;jpw;fhd fpuakhdJ FiwthdjhFk;. 

,jdhy; fpilf;fg;ngWk; ed;ikahdJ 

Efu;NthUf;F ngw;Wf; nfhLf;fg;gLk;. 

kpd;rhuj;jpw;F mjpfupj;J tUk; Nfs;tpahdJ 

Fiwe;j fpuaj;jpid kpd;rhuj;jpdhy; g+u;j;jp 

nra;ag;gLtNjhL ,J kpd; cw;gj;jpf;fhd 

KOikahd cw;gj;jpr; nryitAk; Fiwf;Fk;. 

,g;nghwpapdhy; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLk; kpd;rhuj;ijf; 

nfhz;L ifj;njhopy; Jiwapd; tYj; 

Njitiag; g+u;j;jp nra;ayhk;. jw;Nghija 

mgptpUj;jp nra;Kiwf;F ek;gfukhdJk; 

jpwdhdJkhd kpd; tpepNahfkhdJ xU Kd; 

epge;jidahFk;. ,j;jpl;lkhdJ ek;gfukhdJk; 

jpwdhdJkhd kpd; tpepNahfj;ij trjp nra;Ak;. 



Mz;L 2011/12 

epjp %yk; 

cs;@H 

&. 8>000 kpy;ypad; 



ntspehL: 

&. 52>000 kpy;ypad; 

$l; ;L Kaw;rp - ,e;jpah kw;Wk; ,yq;if 

n ,yq;if murhq;fKk; ,e;jpa murpw;Fr; nrhe;jkhd fk;gdpnahd;Wk; 

,ize;J Muk;gf; fl;l Ntiyfis Muk;gpj;Js;sd. 

n ,j;jpl;lj;ij mKy;gLj;Jtjw;fhd Gupe;Jzu;T xg;ge;jk; Vw;fdNt 

ifr;rhj;jplg;gl;Ls;sJ. 

n ,U rhuhUk; nghUj;jkhd ,lk; gw;wpa jPu;khdj;ij vLf;f Ntz;bAs;sJ.

,j;jpl;lj;jpd; %yk; kpd;ghtidahsu;fSf;F ek;gfukhd 

kw;Wk; jpwdhd kpd;rhu tpepNahfj;ij cWjpg;gLj;JtNj 

gpujhd Nehf;fkhFk;. 


n cau; ,aysT fk;gpfis ,izg;gjd; Clhf eLj;ju 

kpd;Ndhl;l tiyg;gpd;diy Nkk;gLj;Jjy;. 

n fPo; kpd;Ndhl;l tiyg;gpd;diy Nkk;gLj;-JtjD}lhf 

Fiwe;j kl;l kpd;Ndhl;l ,ila+Wfisf; Fiwj;J 

fPo; kpd;Ndhl;l tiyg;gpd;dypd; ,aysit 

mjpfupf;fyhk;. ,tw;wpDs; 1>500 fp.kPw;wu; ePskhd eLj;ju 

kpd;Ndhl;l tpeNahff; fk;gpfs; ,izg;G 5>000 fp.kPw;wu; 

fPo; kpd;Ndhl;lf; fk;gpfs; ,izg;G> 3>000 tpepNahf 

cg epiyaq;fs; kw;Wk; 8>555 tpepNahfj; jpl;lq;fspd; 

epu;khzg; gzpfSk; cs;slq;Fk;. 

Njrpa kpd;gpwg;ghf;fpapy; Vw;gLk; kpd; khw;wq;fs; 

kw;Wk; tpepNahf ,og;gdit 16% ,Ue;J 12% 

Mff; Fiwg;gjw;F vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. 

,jdhy; 360 [pfh Nthl;bw;F rkkhd Nkyjpf 

,aysit Nrkpf;f KbAkhf ,Ue;jJ. 

,r;Nrkpg;gpd; gzg;ngWkjp &gh 3>060 kpy;ypad;. 

,k; Nkk;gLj;jg;gl;l kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;gl;l 

kpd;khw;wy; trjpfshdJ GJg;gpf;ff; $ba 

kpd;tYj; njhFjpfis Njrpa kpd;fl;likg;gpy; 

,izg;gjw;F re;ju;g;gj;ij mspf;fpd;wJ. 

,j;jpl;lkhdJ kpd;ghtidahsu;fSf;F ek;gfukhdJk; 

Jz;bg;gw;w njhlu;r;rpahdJkhd kpd; 

tpepNahfj;ij cWjp nra;tNjhL toikahd 

kpd; Jz;bg;Gf;fisf; Fiwf;Fk;. ,jdhy; kpd; 

tpepNahfj;jpd; tpidj;jpwdhdJ cWjpg;gLj;jg;gLk;. 

eLj;ju kw;Wk; fPo; kpd;Ndhl;l 

tiyaikg;G mgptpUj;jp 

epjp %yk; 

cs;@H 

&. 2>440 kpy;ypad; 

ntspehL: 

&. 9>760 kpy;ypad; 



Mz;L 2012 

&. 12,200 kpy;ypad; 

n Muk;g rhj;jpats mwpf;if Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;L tpupthd tbtikg;Gf;fs; 

jahupf;fg;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ. 

n ,j;jpl;lj;ij mKy;gLj;Jtjw;F ntspehl;L cjtpia ngw;Wf; 

nfhs;tjw;F vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. 


34 

eP h; tpepNahfKk; 

Jg; GuNtw; ghLk; 

KjyPLfs; 

&. 79,460 kpy;ypad; 

Mz;L 2010 

mk;ghiw khtl;lj;jpw;fhd Xd;wpize;j 

ePh; tpepNahfj;jpl;lk; - ghfk; 3 

Mz;L 2010 

fSfq;if ePh; tpepNahfj; jpl;lk; 

ghfk; I fl;lk; II 

Mz;L 2011 

rpwpa efuq;fs; kw;Wk; ePHjl;Lg;ghlhd 

fpuhkpa gpuNjrq; fSf;fhd ePu; toq;fy; 

kw;Wk; Jg;GuNtw;ghl;Lf; fUj;jpl;lk; 

Mz;L 2011 

fz;b khefug; gpuNjrj;jpw;fhd 

fopTePu; mfw;wy; Kiwik 


Mz;L 2011 

nfhOk;G tlf;F FbePu; tpepNahfj; 

jpl;lk; - fl;lk; II 

Mz;L 2012 

aho;. ePu;tpepNahff; fUj;jpl;lk; 

Mz;L 2012 

nfhOk;G> nfhnyhd;dhit> njfptis 

kw;wk; fy;fp];i]g; gpuNjrq;fspy; fopT 

ePiu mfw;Wtjw;fhd Gdh;eph;khzg; gzpfs;

ghJfhg;ig cWjpg;gLj;jy; 

ehl;bw;F Rj;jkhdFbePH 

tpdpNahfj;ij ngw;Wf;nfhLj;jy; 

epiyNgwhd Rfhjhuk; kw;W tho;T 

ehl;by;; epiyahd nghUshjhuj;ijAk;> r%f 

mgptpUj;jpiaAk; miltjw;F murhq;fj;jpd; 

Kaw;rpfspd; gpujhd mq;fq;fshf ,Ug;gJ 

ghJfhg;ghd Rj;jkhd ePiu toq;fYk; Rfhjhuj;- 

Jf;fhd mZFjYkhFk;. ghJfhg;ghd Rj;jkhd 

ePUf;fhd gpuNtrKk;> NghJkhd; Rfhjhu trjpfSk;> 

rh;tNjr Njitnahd;whf ,Ug;gNjhL mbg;gil 

kdpj chpikahfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. Epiyahd 

Rfhjhuj;ijAk;> cah;thd ngsjPf tho;f;ifj; 

juj;ijAk; miljYk;> mNj Nghy cw;gj;jpj;jpwDk; 

tpidj;jpwdhdJk; NghJkhdJ-khd 

ePh; tpepNahfKk; Rfhjhu trjpfSk; ,y;yhj 

re;jh;g;gj;jpy; xU rthyhf ,Uf;fFk; vd;gJ 

jw;NghJ Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;bUf;fpd;wJ. ePhpdJk;> 

Rfhjhuj; JiwapdJk; tpUj;jpahdJ ,yq;ifapy; 

kpNydpak; mgptpUj;jp ,yf;Ffis miltjpy; 

Neubahd njhlh;gpidf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. 

,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpdhy; cs;slf;fg;gLk; gpuNjrq;fspy; 

NghJkhd msT ghJfhg;ghdJk;> 

Rj;jkhdJkhd Fb ePiuj; NjLtJ rhj;jpakpy;iy. 

,jd; tpisthf ,f;fUj;jpl;lk; gpd;tUtdtw;iw 

Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;Ls;sJ: 

1. fUj;jpl;lg; gpuNjrq;fspy; thOk; kf;fSf;F 

Rj;jkhd FbePiuak;> NghJkhd Rfhjhu 

trjpfisAk; toq;Fjy;. 

2. Rfhjhuj;jpd; kPjhd jhf;fj;ijf; Fiwg;gJ 

mj;Jld; vjph;fhy mgptpUj;jpf;F trjp nra;J 

nfhLf;Fk; mNj Ntis tho;f;ifj; juj;ijAk; 

cah;j;Jjy;. 

,j;jiwapd; ,yf;Ffspd; gb> ,yq;if murhq;fk; 

2025Mk; Mz;lstpy; 100 rjtPj ePh; tpepNahfj;ij 

cs;slf;Ftjw;F jd;id mh;g;gzpj;Js;sJ. 

,f;fUj;jpl;lq;fs;> Gjpa ePh; tpepNahfj;ijAk;> 

Rfhjhu KiwikfisAk; cUthf;Ftjd; 

%yKk;> jw;NghJ mKypy; cs;s Kiwikfis 

gyg;gLj;Jtjd; %yKk; Fwpg;gpl;l xU mstpw;F 

murhq;f ,yf;ffis miltjw;F cjtp GhpAk;.. 

,f;fUj;jpl;lk; th;j;jfk; kw;Wk; ifj;njhopy; 

hPjpahd eltbf;iffSf;Fk; ed;ik gaf;Fk;. 

l Mk;ghiw khtl;lj;Jf;fhd xUq;fpizf;fg;gl;l 

ePh; tpepNahf Kiwik - 3Mk; ghfk; 

l ghhpa nfhOk;G> nfhnyhd;dhit> njwptis 

kw;Wk; fy;fp];i]g; gpuNjrq;fspy; fopT ePh; 

ntspNaw;w Kiwikfis Gdh; eph;khzk; 

nra;jy;. 

l fSfq;if ePh; tpepNahf Kiwik - ghfk; 1 

2 MtJ fl;lk; 

l aho;g;ghzk; ePh; tpepNahf Kiwik. 

l Tl nfhOk;G efu ePh; tpepNahf Kiwik 

11MtJ fl;lk;. 

l rpwpa efuq;fSf;Fk;> fpuhkpa twz;l 

gpuNjrq;fSf;fkhd ePh; tpepNahfk; kw;Wk; 

Rfhjhuf; fUj;jpl;lk;. 

l fz;b efug; gpuNjrj;jpw;fhd fopT ePh; 

ntspNaw;w Kiwik. 


36 

mk;ghiw khtl;lj;jpw;fhd Xd;wpize;j 

ePh; tpepNahfj; jpl;lk; - ghfk; 3 

&. 16,919 kpy;ypad; 

,f;fUj;jpl;lk; mk;ghuw khtl;lj;jpy; thOfpd;w 

80>000 kf;fSf;F Rj;jkhf Fb ePh; trjpfis 

toq;Fk;. 

,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpy; ; fUjg;gl;l gpuNjrq;fspy; thOk; 

kf;fSf;F Foha; ePH toq;FjyhdJ mth;fsJ 

Rfhjhu epiyikfis tpUj;jp nra;tNjhL mjd; 

%yk; cw;gj;jpj; jpwidAk; mjpfhpf;Fk;. ,J Njrpa 

nghUshjhu tsh;r;rpf;Fg; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;Ak;. 

,f;fUj;jpl;lk; kf;fspd; nghUshjhu epiyikfis 

Kd;Ndw;Wk;. mjd; tpisthf ehl;bd; 

nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jp Jhpjg;gLj;jg;gLk;. 

Rj;jkhd ePiug; ngWtjw;F vLf;fg;gl;l Neuk; 

Nrkpf;fg;gLtNjhL ,jd; tpisthfTk; kf;fSf;F 

Nkyjpf tUkhdj;ij ciog;gjw;fhf mth;fsJ 

nghUshjhu eltbf;iffis mgptpUj;jp nra;tjpy; 

KjyPL nra;tjw;f;Fk; mth;fSf;F mjpf NeuKk; 

fpilf;ff;$Lk;. 

,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpid mKy;gLj;jyhdJ fUj;jpl;lg; 

gpuNjrq;fspd; th;j;jfj; Jiw mgptpUj;jpf;F 

toptFf;Fk;. 



,f;fUj;jpl;lk; mk;ghiw khtl;lj;jpd; gpd;jq;fpa 

gpuNjrq;fshd guf`nffiy> ehky; Xah> 

,q;fpdpahfiy> nfhz;Ltj;Jtid> cìd> 

Nfhdhfiy> jlae;jyhit> ehtpjd;ntsp> 

rtyf;fil> jkid> `pq;Fuhid> khjid> 

njhl;lik> tl;bdhfiy Mfpa ,lq;fspy; ePh; 

tpepNahf eltbf;iffis tpUj;jp nra;Ak;. 

,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; $Wfs; gpd;tUtdtw;iw 

cs;slf;Fk;: 

n xU ehisf;F 20>000 fd kPw;wH 6>500 3 kp 

,aysit cila ,uz;L ePh; tpepNahf Kiwik 

,ae;jpuq;-fis eph;khzpj;jy;. 

n Foha; epiyaq;fs; kw;Wk; ePiur; Nrkpj;J itf;fk; 

ePh;j;Njf;fq;fisAk; eph;khzk; nra;jy;. 

n 700 fpNyh kPw;wh; ePsKs;s tpepNahf tiyg;- 

gpd;diy cUthf;Fjy;. 

n cs;thq;fs; ];jhgpj;jy; 

Mz;L 2010 

epjp %yk; 

cs;@H 

&. 6>799 kpy;ypad; 


&. 4>675 kpy;ypad; 

ntspehL: 

&. 10>120 kpy;ypad; 

mT];jpNuypa murhq;fj;jpdhy; nghWg;Ngw;fg;gl;lJ 

,j njhlh;ghd cld;gbf;if 2007Mk; Mz;by; ifr;rhj;jplg;gLk;.

fSfq;if ePh; tpepNahfj; jpl;lk; 

ghfk; I & fl;lk; II 

epjp %yk; 

cs;@H 

&. 3>045 kpy;ypad; 

ntspehL: 

&. 8>136 kpy;ypad; 

rHtNjr xj;Jiog;Gf;fhd [g;ghd; tq;fp 

(JBIC) 

fSj;Jiw tlf;F> t];fLit> thj;Jit Mfpa 

gpuNjrq;fspy; cs;s ehshe;j ePUf;fhd Nfs;tpiag; 

g+h;j;jp nra;Ak; tpjj;jpy; ,f;fUj;jpl;lk; 

tbtikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,f;fUj;jpl;lk; Vwj;jho 

600>000 kf;fSf;F ghJfhg;ghd Rj;jkhd Fb ePiu 

toq;Fk;. 

xU tpNrlkhd ghpkhw;w Vw;ghLfspD}lhf 

gpypae;jiy> nf];Ngit gpuNjrq;fSf;F Rj;jkhd 

ePiu tpepNahfk; nra;tjw;fhd eltbf;iffs; 

tpUj;jpnra;ag;gLk;. 

ghhpa nfhOk;Gg; gpuNjrj;jpYs;s gpujhd ePh; %ykhd 

fsdp Mw;wpdhy; mjpfhpf;Fk; ePhpd; Njitia 

g+h;j;jp nra;tjw;F KbahJ. MfNt> fSfq;ifia 

xU ePh; %ykhf mjpfhpg;gjd; %yk; mjpfhpf;Fk; 

ePUf;fhd Nfs;tp g+h;j;jp nra;ag;gLk;. 

fsdp fq;ifAld; xg;gpLifapy; fS fq;ifapd; 

ePh; khR MdJ Fiwe;jJ kw;Wk; Fiwe;j nrytpy; 

ePiu tpepNahf trjpfis toq;Ftjw;F 

toptFf;Fk;. 

,e; ePh; tpepNahf jpl;lk;> fSj;Jiw tlf;F> t];fLit thj;Jit> 

nkhul;Lit> n`huiz> kw;Wk; gz;lhufik Nghd;w gpuNjrq;fspy; thOk; 

kf;fSf;F ghJfhg;ghd Rj;jkhd FbePiu toq;Fk;. fUj;jpl;lk; gpd;tUk; 

gphpTfisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ: 

n n`huizapy; kP3/ehisf;F 120>000 ,aysTldhd nghwpj;-njhFjpapid 

eph;khzk; nra;jy;. 

n Foha; tiyg;gpd;diy Vw;ghL nra;jy;. 

n Foha; %yk; ePh; tpepNahfk; nra;ak; epiyankhd;iw eph;khzk;nra;jy;. 

n ghze;Jiwapy; Gjpa xU ePh; NfhGuj;ij eph;khzk; nra;jy;. 


&. 11,181 kpy;ypad; 

,f;fUj;jpl;lk; 2008Mk; Mz;lstpy; Muk; ;gpf;fg;gLk;. 

Mz;L 2010 


38 

rpwpa efuq;fs; kw;Wk; ePHjl;Lg;glhd 

fpuhkpa gpuNjrq;fSf;fhd ePu; toq;fy; 

kw;Wk; Jg;GuNtw;ghl;Lf; fUj;jpl;lk; 

Gj;jsk;> mEuhjGuk;> rpyhgk;> kd;dhu; kw;Wk; tTdpah 

Mfpa khtl;lq;fspy; cs;s rpwpa efuq;fs; kw;Wk; 

fpuhkg;Gwq;fspy; thOk; kf;fSf;F Rj;jkhd FbePu; 

kw;Wk; Jg;GuNtw;ghl;L trjpfisg; ngw;Wf; 

nfhLg;gNj ,j;jpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fkhFk;. 

epjp %yk; 

cs;@H 

&. 2>350 kpy;ypad; 

2008 Mk; Mz;Lf;fhd tuTnryTj; jpl;l 

xJf;fk; - &. 220 kpy;ypad; 

ntspehL: 

&. 7>700 kpy;ypad; 

mDruiz: Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fp (ADB) 

Gj;jsk;> mEuhjGuk;> rpyhgk;> kd;dhu; kw;Wk; 

tTdpah Mfpa khtl;lq;fspy; ePu;j;jl;Lg;ghlhd 

gpuNjrq;fspy; thOk; kf;fs; ,j;jpl;lj;jpdhy; 

ed;ikailtu;. 

,j;jpl;lj;jpd; %yk; ,k;kf;fspd; Jg;GuNtw;ghl;L 

trjpfs; Nkk;gLj;jg;gLtjdhy; mtu;fsJ Rfhjhu 

epiyikfs; Nkk;gLj;jg;gLk;. 

Nkk;gLj;jg;gl;l Rfhjhu epiyikfspdhy; cw;gj;jpj; 

Jiwf;Fr; rhjfkhd Kiwapy; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;af; 

$ba xU RfNjfpahd xU njhopw;gil 

cUthf;fg;gLk;. ,J ehl;bd; Njrpa nghUshjhu 

tsu;r;rpf;F rpwe;j gq;fspg;ig toq;Fk;. 

,j;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;s khtl;lq;fs; 

ghupa mstpy; r%f kw;Wk; nghUshjhu uPjpahf 

gpd;js;sg;gl;l gpd;dzpiaf; nfhz;l r%fj;ij 

,yf;fhff; nfhz;ljhFk;. ,k;kf;fSf;F Rj;jkhd 

FbePiug; ngw;Wf; nfhLg;gJ mtu;fspd; tho;thjhuk; 

kw;Wk; kpy;Nydpa mgptpUj;jp ,yf;Ffspd; Kf;fpa 

,yf;Ffis mile;J nfhs;tjw;Fk; gq;fspg;Gr; 

nra;Ak;. 



&. 10,050 kpy;ypad; 

,f;fUj;jpl;lkhdJ 2008 Mk; Mz;by; Muk;gkhFk;. 

Mz;L 2011

Gj;jsk;> mEuhjGuk;> rpyhgk;> kd;dhu; kw;Wk; 

tTdpah Mfpa khtl;lq;fspy; ePu;j;jl;Lg;ghlhd 

gpuNjrq;fspy; thOk; kf;fs; ,j;jpl;lj;jpdhy; 

ed;ikailtu;. 

,j;jpl;lj;jpd; %yk; ,k;kf;fspd; Jg;GuNtw;ghl;L 

trjpfs; Nkk;gLj;jg;gLtjdhy; mtu;fsJ Rfhjhu 

epiyikfs; Nkk;gLj;jg;gLk;. 

Nkk;gLj;jg;gl;l Rfhjhu epiyikfspdhy; cw;gj;jpj; 

Jiwf;Fr; rhjfkhd Kiwapy; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;af; 

$ba xU RfNjfpahd xU njhopw;gil cUthf;fg;gLk;. 

,J ehl;bd; Njrpa nghUshjhu tsu;r;rpf;F 

rpwe;j gq;fspg;ig toq;Fk;. 

,j;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;s khtl;lq;fs; 

ghupa mstpy; r%f kw;Wk; nghUshjhu uPjpahf 

gpd;js;sg;gl;l gpd;dzpiaf; nfhz;l r%fj;ij 

,yf;fhff; nfhz;ljhFk;. ,k;kf;fSf;F Rj;jkhd 

FbePiug; ngw;Wf; nfhLg;gJ mtu;fspd; tho;thjhuk; 

kw;Wk; kpy;Nydpa mgptpUj;jp ,yf;Ffspd; Kf;fpa 

,yf;Ffis mile;J nfhs;tjw;Fk; gq;fspg;Gr; 

nra;Ak;. 

fz;b khefug; gpuNjrj;jpw;fhd 

fopTePu; mfw;wy; Kiwik 


&. 7,250 

kpy;ypad; 

fz;b khefu rig gpuNjrj;jpw;Fs; thOk; kf;fSf;F 

fopT ePu; mfw;wy; Nritfis mspg;gjw;fhf ,f;fopT 

ePu; mfw;wy; Kiwik epu;khzpf;fg;gLk;. 


n 22 fp.kPw;wu; ePskhd fopT ePu; tiyg;gpd;diy 

epu;khzpj;jy;. 

n fopT ePu; mfw;Wk; epiyaj;ij epu;khzpj;jy;. 

n 8>500 fd kPw;wu; nfhs;ssTila Rj;jpfupg;Gg; 

nghwpj;njhFjpia epu;khzpj;jy;. 

n 5>800 Gjpa foptfw;wy; ,izg;Gfisg; ngw;Wf; 

nfhLj;jy;. 

epjp %yk; 

cs;@H 

&. 2>275 kpy;ypad; 



ntspehL: 

&. 4>975 kpy;ypad; 

mDruiz: ru;tNjr xj;Jiog;Gf;fhd [g;ghd; tq;fp 

Muk;g tbtikg;G Ntiyfs; g+uzg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. 

Mz;L 2011 

crhj;Jizahsu;fis mku;j;Jtjw;fhd Nfs;tpkD Mtzq;fs; 

jahupf;fg;gLfpd;wd. 


40 

nfhOk;G tlf;F FbePu; tpepNahfj; 

jpl;lk; - fl;lk; II 

&. 6,090 kpy;ypad; 

,j;jpl;lkhdJ kfu> [h-vy> vf;fy> fe;jhid> 

ntypru> ,uhfk gpuNjrq;fspy; thOk; Rkhu; 250>000 

NgUf;F Rj;jkhd FbePiug; ngw;Wf; nfhLf;Fk;. 

[h-vy kw;Wk; vf;fy gpuNjrq;fspy; mjpfupj;JtUk; 

rdj;njhif kw;Wk; ifj;njhopy; eltbf;iffs; 

fhuzkhf mjpfupj;J tUk; ePUf;fhd Nfs;tpiar; 

rkhspj;jy;. 

,g;gpuNjr kf;fSf;F Rj;jkhd FbePiug; ngw;Wf; 

nfhLg;gjdhy; mtu;fspd; Rfhjhu epiyikahdJ 

Nkk;gLk;. 

ifj;njhopy; Jiwapy; Jupjkhf mgptpUj;jpaile;J 

tUk; Kj;Juh[nty kw;wk; gKDfk gpuNjrq;fSf;Fk; 

,j;jpl;lj;jpd; %yk; FbePu; ngw;Wf; 

nfhLf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. 

epjp %yk; 

cs;@H 






ntspehL: 

&. 5>290 kpy;ypad; 

mDruiz:; ru;tNjr xj;Jiog;Gf;fhd [g;ghd; tq;fp (JBIC) 

fUj;jpl;l tbtikg;G g+uzg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. 

kfu> [h-vy kw;Wk; fl;lk; I ,d; fPo; ; ePu; tpepNahfk; 

nra;ag;glhj Vida gpuNjrq;fshd ,uhfk> ntypru 

kw;Wk; fe;jhid Nghd;w gpuNjrq;-fSf;F Foha; ePu; 

tpepNahfj;ijg; ngw;Wf; nfhLg;gNj ,j;jpl;lj;jpd; 

Nehf;fkhFk;. ,j;jpl;lkhdJ Kj;Juh[nty kw;Wk; 

gKDfk gpuNjrq;fSf;fhd ePu; tpepNahfj;ij 

mjpfupf;Fk;. xU ehisf;fhd ,yf;Ff; Nfs;tpahd 

18 kpy;ypad; ePu; fyd;fis miltjw;F 

vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,j;jpl;lj;jpd; $Wfshtd: 

n 11>000 fd kPw;wu; fd msT nfhz;l 3 ePu;j;Njf;fq;fspd; 

epu;khzk;410 fp.kPw;wu; Foha; tiyg;gpd;diyg; 

gpd;tUk; gpuNjrq;fspy; ,izj;jy: 

l kfu - 85 fp.kP. 

l vf;fy - 88 fp.kP. 

l [h-vy - 57 fp.kP. 

l fe;jhid - 55 fp.kP. 

l ntypru - 30 fp.kP. 

l ,uhfk - 43 fp.kP. 

Mz;L 2011 

Nfs;tpkDf NfhuYf;fhd nraw;ghLfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;L tUfpd;wd.

aho;. ePu; tpepNahff; fUj;jpl;lk; 

,f; fUj;jpl;lkhdJ aho; Flhehl;Lf;fhd ePu; 

tpepNahf Nritapd; ,aysit Nkk;gLj;JtNjhL 

kf;fspd; FbePUf;fhd Nfs;tpiag; g+u;j;jp nra;tijAk; 

Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;ljhFk;. ,j;jpl;lj;jpd; 

$Wfshtd: 

n ePu; Rj;jpfupg;G nghwpj;njhFjp epu;khzk; 

n ePu; Nrfupg;gjw;fhd ePu;j;jhq;fp epu;khzk;. 

n ,uizkL Fsj;jpypUe;J aho;. FlhTf;F ePiuf; 

nfhz;L tUtjw;fhd Foha;fisg; nghUj;Jjy;. 

&. 11,800 

kpy;ypad; 

,j;jpl;lj;jpd; %yk; aho;. Flhehl;by; 250>000 

NgUf;F ghJfhg;ghd> Rj;jkhd FbePiug; ngw;Wf; 

nfhLj;jy;. 

Foha; ePiug; ngw;Wf; nfhLg;gjd; Clhf gpuNjr 

kf;fspd; Rfhjhu epiyikia Nkk;gLj;Jjy;. 

,j;jpl;lkhdJ> aho;. Flhehl;L kf;fspd; 

nghUshjhu epiyia Nkk;gLj;JtNjhL mJ 

ehl;bd; nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpf;Fk; gq;fspg;Gr; 

nra;Ak;. 

,j;jpl;lj;ij mKy;gLj;Jtjdhy; aho;. 

Flhehl;by; tu;j;jfj; JiwahdJ mgptpUj;jpailAk;. 

epjp %yk; 

cs;@H 

&. 3>000 kpy;ypad; 



ntspehL: 

&. 8>800 kpy;ypad; 

mDruiz: Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fp 


n rhj;jpa ts Ma;T g+uzg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. 

Mz;L 2012 

n ePu; %yj;jpw;fhd gpuNtrkhdJ fpilf;fg; ngw;wTld; ,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; 

epu;khz Ntiyfs; Muk;gkhFk;. 


42 

nfhOk;G> nfhnyhd;dhit> njfptis 

kw;Wk; fy;fp];i]g; gpuNjrq;fspy; fopT 

ePiu mfw;Wtjw;fhd Gdh;eph;khzg; gzpfs; 

,f;fUj;jpl;lk; ghhpa nfhOk;G gpuNjrj;jpy; fopT 

ePiu mfw;Wtjw;fhd Nritfis tpUj;jp nra;aTk;> 

GwefH gpuNjrq;fspy; fopT ePh; xl;l trjpfis 

toq;FtijAk; Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;Ls;sJ. 

,f;fUj;jpl;lk; gpd;tUtdtw;iw cs;slf;Ffpd;wJ: 

n jw;NghJ ,Uf;Fk; ghhpa nfhOk;G fopT ePh; 

jpl;lj;jpid Gdh; eph;khzk; nra;jYk;> tphpT 

gLj;JYk;. 

n nfhOk;G> nfhnyhd;dhit> njfptis> kw;Wk; 

fy;fp];i] gpuNjrq;fspy; fopTePH Kiwikapid 

Gdh;eph;khzk; nra;jYk;. 

20 tUlq;fSf;F Nky; gioik tha;e;j ghhpa 

nfhOk;G fopT ePH Kiwik Vwj;jho 700>000 

kf;fSf;F Nritfis toq;FfpwJ. MfNt> ,g; 

Gdh;eph;khz Ntiyj;jpl;lk; ghhpa nfhOk;Fg; 

gpuNjrj;jpd; ePh;fopT Nritfspd; kl;lj;ij tpUj;jp 

nra;tjd; kPJ ghhpa mstpy;; jhf;fnkhd;iw 

Vw;gLj;jp ,Uf;fpd;wJ. 

nfhnyhd;dhit> njfptis> kw;Wk; fy;fp];i]g; 

gpuNjrq;fspy; thOk; kf;fSf;F Kiwahd fopT 

ePh; mfw;Wk; Nritfs; toq;fg;gLk;. 

tphpthf;fg;gl;l ghhpa nfhOk;G fopT ePh; mfw;Wk; 

jpl;lk; 24>200 Gjpa FLk;g myFfis cs;slf;- 

FfpwJ. 

,f;fUj;jpl;lk; ngUk;ghYk; fopTePh; mfw;wg;glhj 

gpuNjrq;fspy; ePh; nfhz;L nry;yg;gLjiyAk;> 

ePUld; njhlh;ghd Neha;fisAk; Fiwf;f cjTk;. 

,f;fUj;jpl;lk; mKy;gLj;jg;gLtjdhy; 

khRgLj;jg;gl;l fopT e{Piuf; Fiwg;gjw;F ,J 

toptFf;Fk;. 

kfufik khefu rig gpuNjrq;fSf;Fk;> fLtiy 

gpuNjr rig gpuNjrq;fSf;Fk; Jg;Guthf;fy; trjpfs; 

nra;J nfhLf;fg;gLk;. 

fopT ePh; mfw;Wk; Nritfspd; tpUj;jp mjpfkhd 

ifj;njhopy; KjyPLfis ftuf;$Lk;. 


ue;njhu Njrpa cl;fl;likg;G trjpfs; cgptpUj;jp epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk; - nghUshjhu cl;fl;likg;G 

&. 16,170 kpy;ypad; 

epjp %yk; 

cs;@H 

&. 5>170 kpy;ypad; 



ntspehL: 

&. 11>000 kpy;ypad; 

Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fpapdhy; toq;fg;gl;lJ 

,f;fUj;jpl;lk; 2008Mk; Mz;by; Muk;gpf;fg;gLk;. 

Mz;L 2012

,g;gf;fkhdJ fhuzj;Jld; ntWikahf tplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

44 

JiwKfq;fSk; tpkhd 

NritfSk; 

KjyPLfs; 

&. 202,656 kpy;ypad; 

Mz;L 2010 

nfhOk;Gj; JiwKfk; tpupthf;fy; 

Mz;L 2010 

xYtpy; JiwKf mgptpUj;jp tUlk; 

Mz;L 2011 

`k;ghe;Njhl;il JiwKf mgptpUj;jp 

Mz;L 2012 

fhypj; JiwKf mgptpUj;jp 


Mz;L 2010 

tPutpy ru;tNjr tpkhd epiyak; 

Mz;L 2012 

gz;lhuehaf;fh ru;tNjr tpkhd 

epiyak;-fl;lk; 2 

‘kp`pd; yq;fh’ Njrpa Fiwe;j 

fl;lz tpkhd Nrit

,aysit tpupthf;Fjy; 

JiwKfq;fs; 

Gjpa thd;gug;Gf;fis miljy; 

k`pe;j rpe;jid - GjpanjhU ,yq;ifia 

Nehf;fpa njhiyNehf;fhdJ ,yq;ifia 

njw;fhrpag; gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; Kjd;ikahd fly;top 

tu;j;jfk; kw;Wk; tpahghu kj;jpa epiyakhf 

fhz;gNj MFk;. ru;tNjr tu;j;jfkhdJ> ehl;bd; 

nghUshjhu kw;Wk; rKf mgptpUj;jpapy; Kf;fpa 

gq;fhw;Wfpd;wJ. ,g;gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; nfhOk;Gj; 

JiwKfkhdJ> Kjd;ikahd JiwKfkhfTk; 

kw;Wk; gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; ngUkstpyhd gz;lq;fspd; 

Vw;Wkjp ,wf;Fkjpia ifahs;tjpy; ngUk; 

gq;fhw;Wfpd;wJ ,jdhy; murhq;fkhdJ 

fly;topg; Nghf;Ftuj;jpYk; kw;Wk; mjDld; njhlu;- 

Ggl;l cl;fl;likg;G mgptpUj;jp apYk; Kd;Dupik 

mspg;gjw;F Kf;fpakhd fhuzpahfTs;sJ 

nfhOk;Gj; JiwKfkhdJ mjd; tpupthf;fj;jpdhy; 

ngw;Wf; nfhz;Ls;s ed;kjpg;gpd; fhuzkhf mjd; 

nfhs;fyd;fisf; ifahSk; ,aysthdJ 

jw;Nghija ,aysthd tUlj;jpw;F 3.3 kpy;ypad; 

vd;w nfhs;fyd; ifahs;ifia tpQ;Rnkd 

vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. nfhOk;Gj; JiwKfkhdJ 

jdJ njw;fhrpahtpd; nfhs;fyd; ikak; vd;w 

epiyia njhlu;e;Jk; Ngz Ntz;Lkhapd; 

Nritfis Nkk;gLj;jp cl;fl;likg;G trjpfis 

tpupthf;fk; nra;tjD}lhf mjd; cw;gj;jpj; 

jpwidAk; nraw;ghl;Lj; jpwidAk; Nkk;gLj;j 

Ntz;Lk;. 

tpkhdNrit 

,yq;ifapy; kf;fspd; Nghf;Ftuj;jpYk; 

mj;jpahtrpa nghUl;fspd; Nghf;Ftuj; jpYk; 

tpkhdg; Nghf;Ftuj;jhdJ Kf;fpa Clfkhff; 

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ru;tNjr tu;j;jfj;jpd; Jupj 

tsu;r;rpapy; tpkhdg; Nghf;Ftuj;jpd; gq;fspg;ghdJ 

mjpfupj;J tUtijf; fhzf;$bajhf cs;sJ. 

2010 Mk; Mz;lstpy; tpkhdg; Nghf;Ftuj;jpd; 

NjitahdJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fstpy; mjpfupf;fg;gLk; 


murhq;fkhdJ tpkhdNritfs; njhlu;ghd 

cl;fl;likg;G trjpfis mgptpUj;jp nra;J 

jw;NghJs;s cl;fl;likg;G trjpfis etPdkag;gLj;jp 

NkYk; Njitahd trjpfis mspg;gj- 

D}lhf tpkhd Nritj; Jiwapd; mgptpUj;jpia 

Kd;Dupikg;gLj;jpAs;sJ. ,jw;F Nkyjpfkhf 

Gjpa tpkhd epiyaq;fspd; epu;khzq;fisAk; 

Kd;Dupikg;gLj;jpAs;sJ. 

jw;NghJ gz;lhuehaf;fh ru;tNjr tpkhd epiyak; 

khj;jpuNk ru;tNjr juj;jpyhd tpkhd epiyakhff; 

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,yq;iff;F 2008 Mk; 

Mz;lstpy; jiuapwq;f cs;s V 380 Vahu; g]; 

tpkhdq;fs; jiuapwq;Ftjw;F ,t;tpkhd 

epiyaj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; trjpfs; NghJkhdjy;y. 

,jdhy; jw;NghJs;s XLghijfs; tpupthf;fg;gl 

Ntz;Lk; my;yJ mt;thwhd ghupa tpkhdq;fs; 

jiuapwq;ff; $ba tifapy; Gjpa XLghijfs; 

epu;khzpf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. 


46 

nfhOk;Gj; JiwKfk; tpupthf;fy; Mz;L 2010 

,j;jpl;lj;jpd; %yk; nfhOk;Gj; JiwKfj;jpd; 

nfhs;fyd; ifahs;if ,aysTk; nray;jpwDk; 

mjpfupf;Fk;. 

,j;jpl;lj;jpd; gpujhd $Wfs; gpd;tUtdthFk;: 

n JiwKfj;jpd; fiug;gLf;ifia 400 kPw;wupypUe;J 

570 kPw;wu; tiu tprhykhf;Fjy;. 

n Gjpa ghupa ePu;j;jLg;G kw;Wk; rpwpa ePu;j;jLg;Gf;fis 


n GjpanjhU fly;rhu; nraw;ghl;L epiyankhd;iw 


nfhs;fyd; ifahs;if ,aysit tpupthf;Fjy;- 

JiwKfj;jpd; jw;Nghija nfhs;fyd; ifahs;if 

,aysthdJ tUlj;jpw;F 3.3 kpy;ypad;fshFk;. 

gpNuupf;fg;gl;Ls;s jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; epu;khzpf;fg;glTs;s 

Gjpa ,wq;FJiwapD}lhf NkYk; tUlj;jpw;F 2.4 

kpy;ypad; nfhs;fyd;fis Nkyjpfkhf ifahsf;$ba 

tifapy; ,aysthdJ mjpfupf;Fk;. ,j; jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; 

Gjpa 3 ,wq;FJiwfs; epu;khzpf;fg;gLk;. ,jd;%yk; 

nfhOk;Gj; JiwKfj;jpd; ,aysthdJ 7.2 kpy;ypad; 

tiu mjpfupf;Fk;. 

JiwKfj;jpd; gLf;ifia tpupthf;Ftjd; %yk; ghupa 

fg;gy;fis ifahs;tjw;fhd ,aYif - JiwKfj;jpd; 

gLf;ifahdJ 9 gpupTfshfTk; kw;Wk; nkhj;jkhf 400 

kPw;wu; ePsk; tiuapy; tpupthf;fg;gLk;. 20 kPw;wu; kw;Wk; 

570 kPw;wu; mfyj;ijf; nfhz;l xU EioTg;ghij 

Njhz;lg;gLk;. 62 n`f;lau; epyg;gug;gpy; 1>200 kPw;wu; 

nkhj;j ePskhd 3 ,wq;F Jiwfs; epu;khzpf;fg;gLk;. 

,jd;%yk; ghupa fg;gy;fis rupahd Kiwapy; ifahs;tjw;fhd 

,aysit nfhOk;Gj; JiwKfk; ngWk;. 

nfhOk;Gj; JiwKfj;jpd; tpupthf;fj;jpd; fhuzkhf fly;rhu; 

eltbf;iffs;> ntspehl;L KjyPL kw;Wk; ntspehl;L 

ehzakhw;wpd; %yk; tUkhdk; mjpfupf;Fk; - JiwKfj;jpd; 

tpupthf;fj;jpd; fhuzkhf nraw;ghl;L ,aysthdJ 

mjpfupf;Fk;. ghupa fg;gy;fs; tUif jUtjdhy; 

tUkhdk; mjpfupf;Fk;. NkYk; ghupa ntspehl;L 

nfhs;fyd; ifahs;iff; fk;gdpfs; nfhOk;Gj; 

JiwKfj; ijf; ftu; tjdhy; ntspehl; L 

ehzakhw;Wf;fs; tUkhdk; mjpfupf;Fk;. 

njw;fhrpag; gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; nfhOk;Gj; JiwKfkhdJ kj;jpa 

epiyakhFk; - ,wq;FJiw epu;khzg; gzpfs; jdpahu; 

JiwapdUf;F toq;fg;gLk;. Gjpa etPdkakhd 

cgfuzq; fs; jdpahu; Jiwapdhy; 

gad;gLj;jg;gLtjdhy; JiwKfj;jpd; nraw;ghl;L 

,aysthdJ Nkk;gLj;jg;gLk;. 

&. 85,910 kpy;ypad; 

epjp %yk; 

cs;@H 

&. 19>800 kpy;ypad; 


&. 10>140 kpy;ypad; 

ntspehL: 

&. 33>000 kpy;ypad; 

Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fpapdhy; nghWg;Ngw;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. 

&. 33>110 kpy;ypad; jdpahu; Jiw KjyPL 



n ,j;jpl;lkhdJ mur jdpahu; gq;Flik mbg;gilapy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;. 

n mbg;gil cl;fl;likg;G mgptpUj;jpg; gzpfshd ePu;j;jLg;G epu;khzpj;jy;> EioTf; fhy;tha; 

kw;Wk; JiwKfg;gLf;ifia Mokhf;Fjy; eltbf;iffs; murhq;fj;jpdhy; 

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;. 

n ,j;jpl;lj;jpw;fhd epjpiag; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fpAld; xg;ge;jk; 

xd;W nra;J nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJ. epu;khzg; gzpfis ifaspg;gjw;fhd Nfs;tpfs; 

Nfhug;gl;Ls;sd. fpilf;fg; ngw;Ws;s Nfs;tp kDf;fspd; njhopy; El;g uPjpahd kPsha;T 

g+uzg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. 

n njhopy;El;g kPsha;Tf; FOtpd; kPsha;Tf;Fg; gpd;G mikr;ruitapdhy; mDkjpf;fg;gl;l 

ngWifr; rig jdJ ,Wjpr; rpghu;rpid Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fpapd; mDkjpf;F 

rku;g;gpj;Js;sJ. 

n ,wq;F Jiw epu;khzg; gzpfs; jdpahu; JiwapD}lhf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLtjw;F gpNuupf;fg; 

gl;Ls;sJ. ,wq;F Jiw epu;khzg; gzpfSf;fhd jpl;l Kd;nkhopTfSf;fhd Nfs;tpfs;

xYtpy; JiwKf mgptpUj;jp jpl;lk; 

,g;gpuNjrj;jpd; eilKiwj; Njitfisg; 

g+u;j;jp nra;af; $ba tifapy; rhjhuz 

fg;gy;fSf;F trjpaspf;ff; $ba tifapy; 

,j; JiwKfj;jpd; fiuNahu trjpfs; 

mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;gLk; ;. 

,j;jpl;lj;jpd; gpujhd $Wfshtd: 

n 550 kw;Wk; 755 kPw;wu; tiuapyhd ePskhd 

,uz;L ePu;j; jLg;Gf;fs; epu;khzpj;jy;. 

n Kjw; fl;lj;jpy; 5>000 nk.njhd; ghukhd 

fg;gy;fis cs;thq;ff; $ba tifapYk; 

,uz;lhk; fl;lj;jpy; 16>000 nk. njhd; 

ghukhd fg;gy;fis cs;thq;ff; $ba 

tifapYk; JiwKfg; gLf;ifahdJ 

8 kPw;wu; tiu Mokhf;fg;gLjy;. 

fg;gy;fis ifahSk; ,aysit mjpfupj;jy; - 

Muk;gj;jpy; 5>000 nk.njhd; ghukhd fg;gy;fis 

ifahsf; $ba tifapy; mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;gl;L 

gpd;G 16>000 nk.njhd; ghukhd fg;gy;fis 

cs;thq;ff; $ba tifapy; mgptpUj;jp 

nra;ag;gLk;. ,j;JiwKfj;jpD}lhf ,g;gpuNjrj;jpd; 

nghUshjhu eltbf;iffs; tpupthf;fg;gLk;. 

,g;gpuNjrj;jpy; thOk; cs;Su; r%fq;fspd; 

nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jp - JiwKfj;jpd; fhuzkhf 

,g; gpuNjr kf; fspd; tu; j ; jf kw; Wk; 

rpWifj;njhopy;fs; mgptpUj;jp mile;J tUkhdk; 

mjpfupf;Fk;. NkYk; JiwKfkhdJ ,g;gpuNjr 

kf;fSf;F ,yFthdJk; rpf;fdkhdJkhd 

Nghf;Ftuj;Jr; NritiaAk; mspf;Fk;. NkYk; 

,g;gpuNjrj;jpw;F mj;jpahtrpag; gz;lq;fis 

nfhz;L nry;tjpYs;s jilfs; ePq;Fk;. 

fpof;fpypUe;J tptrhag; nghUl;fis nfhOk;gpw;Fk; 

Vida nghUl;fis nfhOk;gpypUe;J 

fpof;fpw;Fk; nfhz;L nry;Yjy; RygkhFk;. 

epjp %yk; 

cs;@H 

&. 1>238 kpy;ypad; 

2008 Mk; Mz;Lf;fhd tuTnryTj; jpl;l xJf;fk;- 


ntspehL: 

&. 4>950 kpy;ypad; 

nld;khu;f; murhq;fj;Jld; xU xg;ge;jk; ifr;rhj;jplg;glTs;sJ. 


Mz;L 2010 

&. 6,188 kpy;ypad; 

n nld;khu;f; murhq;fj;Jld; xg;ge;jk; nra;J nfhs;tjw;fhd Muk;g 

eltbf;iffs; g+u;j;jp nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd. 

n fhzpr; RtPfupg;G eltbf;iffs; ,lk;ngw;Wf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. 

n ghjpf;fg;gl;l kPd;gpbahsu;fSf;F ,og;gPl;Lf; nfhLg;gdTfs; 

toq;fg;gLfpd;wd. 


47

`k;ghe;Njhl;il JiwKf mgptpUj;jp Mz;L 2011 

Muk;gj;jpy; `k;ghe;Njhl;ilj; JiwKfkhdJ 

Nritfs; kw;Wk; ifj;njhopy; JiwKfkhfNt 

mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;gLk;. gpd;G mJ xU 

,wf;fpNaw;wy; JiwKfkhf khw;wg;gLk;: 

n ,j;jpl;lj;jpd; $Wfshtd 1000 kPw;wu; ePskhd 

ePu;j;jLg;G Rtu; epu;khzk;. 

n ,uz;L fg;gy; jsq;fspdJk; EioTf; 

fhy;tha; epu;khzk; 

n 16 kPw;wu; tiu Mokhd JiwKfg; gLf;if 

epu;khzk;. 

JiwKf Nritfspd; tpupthf;fk; - `k;ghe;Njhl;il 

JiwKfkhdJ cyfj;jpNyNa RWRWg;ghdJk; 

neupryhdJkhd fg;gw; ghijapypUe;J 10 fly; 

iky;fSf;Fs;Sk; kw;Wk; ru;tNjr fly; thzpg 

ghijf;F FWf;fhfTk; mike;Js;sJ. ,jdhy; 

,j;JiwKfj;jpw;F $Ljy; vz;zpf;ifahd 

fg;gy;fis ftuf;$ba tha;g;Gf;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. 

NkYk; nfhOk;Gj; JiwKfj;jpd; neupry; 

Fiwf; fg; gLtNjhL $Ljyhd me; epar; - 

nryhtzpiaAk; ciof;f KbAk;. 

gpuNjr Vw;wj;jho;itf; Fiwj;jy; - `k;ghe;Njhl;ilahdJ 

xU Fiwe;j tUkhdk; ngWk; gpuNjrkhFk;. 

Gjpa JiwKf epu;khzj;jpd; %ykhf gy 

Ntiytha;g;Gf;fs; cUthf;fg;gLk;. ,g;gpuNjrj;jpdJk; 

kw;Wk; mz;kpa khtl;lq;fspdJk; 

tho;f;ifj; jukhdJ cau;j;jg;gLk;. vjpu;fhyj;jpy; 

`k;ghe;Njhl;il JiwKfj;ijr; #oTs;s 

gpuNjrq;fspy; vz;nza; Rj;jpfupg;G> kpd; cw;gj;jp 

epiyaq;fs;> rPnke;J cw;gj;jp Miyfs;> fg;gy; 

fl;Ljy; kw;Wk; jpUj;Jjy;> jupg;gplq;fs; kw;Wk; 

Gjpa mjpNtfg; ghijfs; mikag;ngwTs;sd. 

,itfs; njd; gpuhe;jpaj;jpd; nghUshjhu 

mgptpUj;jpf;fhd Cd;WNfhy;fshf mikAk;. 

fg;gy;fSf;fhd vz;nza; kw;Wk; ePu; tpepNahfk; - 

`k;ghe;Njhl;ilj; JiwKfkhdJ> gpujhd ru;tNjr 

fg;gy; ghijf;F mz;ikapy; mike;jpUg;gjdhy; 

fg;gy;fSf;Fj; Njitahd vz;nza; kw;Wk; ePiu 

toq;fp me;epar; nryhtzpia cioj;Jf; 

nfhs;syhk;. 

&. 42,212 kpy;ypad; 

epjp %yk; 

cs;@H 

&. 8>442 kpy;ypad; 


&. 6>700 kpy;ypad; 

ntspehL: 

&. 33>770 kpy;ypad; 

rPd murhq;fj;jpd; vf;]pk; tq;fpAld; xg;ge;jk; ifr;rhj;jplg;glTs;sJ.; 


48 ue;njhu Njrpa cl;fl;likg;G trjpfs; mgptpUj;jp epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk; - nghUshjhu cl;fl;likg;G 

n rhj;jpats Ma;twpf;if kw;Wk; Rw;whly; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if 

jahupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. 

n ,j;jpl;lj;jpw;Fj; Njitahd 1>577 n`f;lau; epyj;ij RtPfupg;gjw;fhd 

eltbf;iffs; ,lk;ngw;Wf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. 

n FLk;gq;fs; milahsk; fhzg;gl;L mtu;fsJ fhzpfspd; ngWkjp kjpg;gPl;L 

eltbf;iffs; g+uzg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. 

n kPs;Fbaku;j;jy; eltbf;iffs; ,lk;ngw;W tUfpd;wd. 

n kpd;rhuk; kw;Wk; njhiyNgrp Nghd;w Kiwikfs; jpirjpUg;Gk; eltbf;iffs; 

,lk;ngw;W tUfpd;wd. 

n tpupthd tbtikg;Gf;fis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhd xg;ge;jk; nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.

uf;F ifahs;if ,aysit mjpfupj;jy; - fly;rhu; 

Nghf;Ftuj;Jj; Jiwapy; vjpu;fhyj;jpy; Vw;gLk; 

Nfs;tpiar; rkhspf;ff; $ba tifapy; ghupa fg;gy;fis 

ifahs;tij Nehf;fhff; nfhz;L fhypj; JiwKfkhdJ> 

gpuhe;jpaj; JiwKfkhf mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;gLk;. ehl;bd; 

nkhj;j ruf;Ff; ifahs;ifapy; 2% MdJ fhypj; 

JiwKfj;jpdhy; ifahsg;gLfpd;wJ. Nkw;nrhs;sg;gl;l 

mgptpUj;-jpapd; %yk; fhypj; JiwKfj;jpd; ruf;Ff; 

ifahs;if ,aysthdJ 2 kpy;ypad; njhd;fspdhy; 

mjpfupf;fg;glTs;sJ. ,jw;F Nkyjpfkhf fhypj; 

JiwKfj;jpd; nraw;ghlhdJ ghupa ruf;Ff; fg;gy;fs;> 

nrhFR gpuahzf; fg;gy;fs; kw;Wk; thfdf; fg;gy;fis 

ifahs;tjd; %yk; ntw;wpfukhd Kiwapy; 

ifahsg;glTs;sJ. 

nfhOk;Gj; JiwKfj;jpd; neupriyf; Fiwj;jy; jw;NghJ 

nfhOk;Gj; JiwKfkhdJ ehl;bd; nkhj;j ruf;Ff; 

ifahs;ifapy; 92% nfhz;Ls;sJ. nfhOk;Gj; 

JiwKfkhdJ ,wf;fpNaw;wy; JiwKfkhdgbahy; 

Ntfkhd fly;rhu; eltbf;iffis ifahs 

Ntz;bAs;sJ. ehl;bd; gpuhe;jpa JiwKfq;fis 

mgptpUj;jp nra;tjD}lhf nfhOk;Gj; JiwKfj;jpy; 

nfhs;fyd; fisf; ifahs;tjw;fhd Nkyjpf ,ltrjp 

fpilf;fpd;wJ. jw;NghJ nfhOk;Gj; JiwKfj;jpdhy; 

ifahsg;gLk; ruf;Ff; ifahs;ifapy; xU gFjpia 

fhypj; JiwKfj;jpw;Ff; ifaspg;gjD}lhf nfhOk;Gj; 

JiwKfj;jpd; neupry; Fiwf;fg;gLk;. ,jd;%yk; 

nfhOk;Gj; JiwKfj;jpd; Nritfs; mgptpUj;jpailAk;. 

gpuhe;jpa mgptpUj;jp - fhypj; JiwKfj;ij mgptpUj;jp 

nra;tjD}lhf njd; gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; nryT Fiwe;j 

Nghf;Ftuj;J Kiwnahd;W Vw;gLj;jg;gLk;. JiwKf 

mgptpUj;jp rhu;e;j cl;fl;likg;G mgptpUj;jpapD}lhf 

njd;khfhz kf;fSf;F gy trjpfs; nra;J nfhLf;fg;gLk;. 

mjw;F Nkyjpfkhf tptrha kw;Wk; ifj;njhopy; 

mgptpUj;jpapd; fhuzkhf njd;khfhzg; nghUshjhukhdJ 

tsu;r;rpailAk;. 

fhypj; JiwKf mgptpUj;jp 


fhypj; JiwKfkhdJ> vjpu;fhyj;jpy; ngupa 

fg;gy;fisf; ifahsf; $bajhfTk; vjpu;fhyf; 

Nfs;tpia rkhspf;ff; $bajhfTk; njd; gpuhe;jpa 

khtl;lq;fspy; gpuhe;jpaj; JiwKfkhf mgptpUj;jp 

nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk: 

n gyNehf;F ,wq;FJiw kw;Wk; ePu;j;jLg;Gf;fs; 

epu;khzpj;jy; 

n EioTg;ghij kw;Wk; JiwKf gLf;ifia 

Mokhf;Fjy;. 

n fly;top cjtp kw;Wk; fUtpfspd; nfhs;tdT 

epjp %yk; 

cs;@H 

&. 3>382 kpy;ypad; 


&. 1>700 kpy;ypad; 

ntspehL: 

&. 13>530 kpy;ypad; 

&. 16,912 kpy;ypad; 

ru;tNjr xj;Jiog;Gf;fhd [g;ghd; tq;fp (JBIC) apdhy; 

nghWg;Ngw;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. 

n ,j;jpl;lj;jpw;F epjpaPl;lk; nra;tjw;fhf ru;tNjr xj;Jiog;Gf;fhd [g;ghd; 

tq;fpAld; xU xg;ge;jk; nra;J nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJ. 

n crhj;Jizr; Nritfis toq;Ftjw;fhd xg;ge;jk; xd;W 2007 khu;r; khjj;jpy; 

ifr;rhj;jplg;gl;lJ. 

n tpupthd tbtikg;Gf;fs; crhj;Jizahsu;fshy; tiuag;gLfpd;wJ. 

n Nfs;tp eltbf;iffs; ,lk;ngw;Wf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. 

Mz;L 2012 

n ntspehl;L epGzu;fspd; gq;fspg;Gld; njhy;nghUs; Ma;Tfs; njhy;nghUs; 

jpizf;fsj;jpdhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;. 

n njhy;nghUs; Ma;Tfspd; gpd;G epu;khzg; gzpfs; 2008 khu;r;rpy; Muk;gpf;fg;gl 

,Uf;fpd;wd. 


49

50 

,j;jpl;lj;jpd; Kf;fpa Nehf;fkhtJ gz;lhuehaf;fh 

ru;tNjr tpkhd epiyaj;jpw;F khw;whf xU ru;tNjr 

tpkhd epiyaj;ij epu;khzpj;J gz;lhuehaf;fh 

ru;tNjr tpkhd epiyaj;jpd; tpkhdg; Nghf;Ftuj;J 

neupriyf; Fiwj;jy;. 

,j;jpl;lj;jpd; $@Wfshtd: 

tPutpy ru;tNjr tpkhd epiyak; Mz;L 2010 

n 4 fp.kPw;wu; XLghij epu;khzk; 

n tpkhdj; jupg;gpl epu;khzk; 

n tpkhdj; jupg;gplj;ijAk; XLghijiaAk; ,izj;J 

ghij epu;khzk; 

n ,wq;FJiw fl;blq;fs;> ruf;Ff; fsQ;rpak;> 

vz;nza;f; Fjq;fs; kw;Wk; jPaizg;Gr; Nritf; 

fl;blq;fspd; epu;khzk;. 

tpkhdg; Nghf;Ftuj;jpd; ek;gfj;jd;ikia fl;bnaOg;Gjy; 

- xt;nthU ehLk; mtruj;Njitfspd; NghJ 

gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhf khw;W tpkhd epiyaq;fisf; 

nfhz;bUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ,yq;ifapy; khw;W tpkhd 

epiyak; fhzg;glhikapdhy; mtru epiyikfspd;NghJ 

tpkhdq;fs; ,e;jpahtpw;Fk; Vida 

ehLfSf;Fk; jpir jpUg;gg;gLfpd;wd. ,jdhy; 

gz;lhuehaf;fh ru;tNjr tpkhd epiyaj;jpypUe;J 

,aq;Fk; midj;J tpkhdq;fSk; khw;W tpkhd 

epiyaq;fspy; jiuapwq;f Ntz;ba re;ju;g;gq;fspy; 

Nkyjpfkhd vz; nzia nfhz; L nry; y 

Ntz;bapUf;fpd;wJ. ,jdhy; xU khw;W ru;tNjr tpkhd 

epiyak; ehl;bDs;NsNa fhzg;gLkhapd; tpkhdg; 

Nghf;Ftuj;jpd; ek;gfj;jd;ik kw;Wk; gpuahzpfspd; 

ek;gpf;if mjpfupf;Fk;. ,J ehl;bd; vjpu;fhy tpkhdg; 

Nghf;Ftuj;Jr; Nritf;F rhjfkhd gq;fspg;igr; nra;Ak;. 

ehl;bd; tu;j;jfk;> Vw;Wkjp ifj;njhopy;> Rw;Wyhj;Jiw 

kw;Wk; njhlu;ghly; Jiwapd; mgptpUj;jpf;F Fwpg;gplj;jf;fsT 

gq;fspg;Gr; nra;Ak; - ,t;tpkhd epiyakhdJ 

njd;khfhzj;jpd; mgptpUj;jpapy; Kf;fpa gq;fhw;Wk;. 

Rw;Wyhg; gazpfs; NeubahfNt ,g;gpuNjrq;fSf;F 

tUif jUtjdhy;nfhLk;gpypUe;J njd; khfhzj;jpw;fhd 

gpuahz Neuk; Fiwf;fg;gLk;. ru;tNjr tpkhd 

epiyak; kw;Wk; JiwKfk; `k;ghe;Njhl;ilapy; 

epWtg;gLtJ njd;gpuhe;jpaj;jpd; nghUshjhu tsu;r;rpf;F 

Cd;WNfhyhf mikAk;. 

gpuNjrj;jpd; cl;fl;likg;gpd; mgptpUj;jp - mjpNtfg; 

ghijfs;> FbePu; kw;Wk; kpd;rhuk; Nghd;w cl;fl;likg;G 

trjpfspd; mgptpUj;jpapD}lhf njd; gpuhe;jpaj;jpd; 

cs;Su; ifj;njhopy;fs; mgptpUj;jpailAk;. 

&. 19,250 kpy;ypad; 

epjp %yk; 

cs;@H 

&. 19>250 kpy;ypad; 




rhj;jpats Ma;T g+uzg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ: 


Rw;whly; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;ifahdJ kj;jpa Rw;whly; mjpfhu rigf;F 

ifaspf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. 

crhj;Jizr; NritfSf;fhd fUj;jpl;lq;fs; Nfhug;gl;L kjpg;gPL nra;ag;gl;Lf; 

nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ. 

fhzp RtPfupg;G eltbf;iffs; eilngw;Wf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ.

gz;lhuehaf;fh ru;tNjr tpkhd epiyaj;jpd; 

,aysT Nkk;gLj;jg;gl;L mjpfupj;JtUk; tpkhdg; 

Nghf;Ftuj;jpw;fhd Nfs;tpia rkhspg;gNj 

,j;jpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fkhFk;. ,j;jpl;lj;jpd; $Wfshtd: 

n gpuahzpfs; jq;Fkpl trjpfs; epu;khzk; 

n tpkhdj; jupg;gpl epu;khzk; 

gz;lhuehaf;fh ru;tNjr tpkhd 

epiyak;-fl;lk; 2 

n mLf;Fkhb fhu;j; jupg;gplk; kw;Wk; ghijfs; 

epu;khzk; 

n tpkhdg; Nghf;Ftuj;J Kiwik epu;khzk; 

n kpd; tpepNahf Kiwik epu;khzk; 

n ePu; tpepNahf Kiwik epu;khzk; 

n fopT ePu; Rj;jpfupg;G Kiwik epu;khzk; 


,aysit mjpfupj;jy; - mz;ikf; fhyq;fspy; 


tpkhdg; Nghf;Ftuj;J vz;zpf;ifahdJ 

Fwpg;gplj;jf;fstpy; mjpfupj;Js;sJ. gazpfs; 

tpkhdg; Nghf;Ftuj;jpd; vz;zpf;ifahdJ 

tUlhe;jk; mz;zsthf 7.9% MYk; ruf;Fg; 

Nghf;Ftuj;jhdJ 0.3% MYk; mjpfupj;Js;sJ. 

2010 Mk; Mz;lstpy; gz;lhuehaf;fh ru;tNjr 

tpkhd epiyaj;jpd; Nfs;tpahdJ jw;Nghija 

,aysit tpQ;Rk; vd vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. 

,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; %yk; mjpfupj;J tUk; tpkhdg; 

Nghf;Ftuj;Jf; Nfs;tpia g+u;j;jp nra;af; $ba 

tifapy; ,aysTk; cl;fl;likg;Gk; mgptpUj;jp 

nra;ag;gLk;. 

Gjpa ghupa ‘V 380’ tpkhdq;fs; jiuapwq;F- 

tjw;fhd trjpfisr; nra;J nfhLj;jy; - kpf 

mz;ika vjpu;fhyj;jpy; ghtidf;F tuTs;s 

‘V 380’ Vahu; g]; tpkhdq;fs; jiuapwq;Ftjw;fhd 

trjpfisr; nra;J nfhLg;gNj 

gz;lhuehf;fh ru;tNjr tpkhd epiyak; 

vjpu;Nehf;Fk; Kf;fpa rthyhFk;. ,t;thwhd 

tprhykhd tpkhdq;fis cs;thq;ff; $ba 

tifapy; tpkhd XLghijfs;> cs;sfg; ghijfs; 

kw;Wk; tpkhdj; jupg;gplq;fs; tpupthf;fg;gl 

Ntz;bAs;sJ. Kd;nkhop-ag;gl;Ls;s mgptpUj;jp 

eltbf;iffSf;Fs; ,j;Njitfs; g+u;j;jp 

nra;ag;gLk;. Vida ru;tNjr tpkhd 

epiyaq;fSld; Nghl;baplf; $ba tifapy; 

tpkhd epiyaj;jpd; ghJfhg;G nraw;wpwd; kw;Wk; 

gpuahzpfs; Nritfs; Nkk;gLj;jg;gLk; 


epjp %yk; 

cs;@H 

&. 4>528 kpy;ypad; 

ntspehL: 

&. 25>656 ky;ypad; 


rhj;jpats Ma;T mwpf;if jahupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. 

Mz;L 2012 

&. 30,184 kpy;ypad; 


51

52 

‘kp`pd; yq;fh’ thdJ - ,J Njrpa tpkhd 

Nritf;F ,izf;fg;gl;l GjpanjhU NritahFk;. 

,jd; %yk; eLj;ju kw;Wk; Fiwe;j tUkhdg; 

gpuahzpfSf;Fk; kw;Wk; ntspehLfspy; njhopy; 

tha;g;G ngWk; njhopyhsHfSf;Fk; Fiwe;j 

nrytpyhd ek;gfukhd tHj;jf hPjpahd Nritia 

toq;FtjhFk;. ‘kp`pd; yq;fh’ thdJ jw;NghJ 

,e;jpah> khiy jPTfs;> rpq;fg;g+u;> jha;yhe;J 

kw;Wk; Lgha; Nghd;w ehLfSf;F Nritfis 

Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wJ. 

,yq;if murhq;fk; 

&. 3>000 kpy;ypad;fis 

KjyPL nra;Js;sJ. 

Fiwe;j nrytpy; cau;jukhd Nritia Nghl;b 

mbg;gilapy; ngw;Wf; nfhLj;jy;. 

ntspehl;by; njhopy; GupNthUf;Fk; kw;Wk; 

ahj;jpupfu;fSf;Fk; Fiwe;j nrytpy; tpNrl 

re;ju;g;gq;fs; mspf;fg;gLfpd;wd. 

Gjpa cs;ehl;L tpkhd Nritapd; mwpKfj;jpD}lhf 

ehl;bd; ntspehl;L ehzakhw;W 

ciog;ghdJ mjpfupf;Fk;. 

epjp %yk; 

&. 3>000 kpy;ypad; 


‘kp`pd; yq;fh’ Njrpa Fiwe;j 

fl;lz tpkhd Nrit


54 

Nghf;Ftuj;J 

KjyPLfs; 

&. 154,445 kpy;ypad; 

gpujhd fUj;jpl;lq;fs; 

Mz;L 2007 

100 Gifapuj ngl;bfs; nfhs;tdT 

Mz;L 2008 

15 Bry; gy;klq;F myFfspd; nfhs;tdT 

Mz;L 2012 

nfhOk;G - khj;jiw Gifapujg; 

ghijiaj; juKau;j;jy; 

Mz;L 2014 

khj;jiw - fjpu;fhkk; gifapujg; ghij 

tpupthf;fk; fl;lk; I, II 


vjpHfhyj;jpy; mKy;gLj;j 

vjpHghHf;fg;gLk; fUj;jpl;lq;fs; 

Mz;L 2012 

FUehfy;> jk;Gs;is> `guz 

Gjpa Gifapujg; ghij mgptpUj;jp 

Mz;L 2012 

fpof;F Gifapujg; ghij Gduikg;G 

Mz;L 2012 

fsdptop Gifapujg; ghijia ,uj;jpdGup kw;Wk; 

vk;gpypg;gpl;b Clhf `k;ghe;Njhl;il tiu 

tpupthf;FjYk; mgptpUj;jp nra;jYk; 

Mz;L 2015 

ghuk; Fiwe;j Jupjkhd Nghf;Ftuj;J Kiw

mjpNtf gpuNtrk; 

nghUshjhu tsu;r;rpf;F Gj;J}f;fk; 

mgptpUj;jpf;fhd Jupj XL fsk; 

,yFthd kw;Wk; nrhFrhd gazk; 

Njrpa nghUshjhu tsu;r;rp kw;Wk; gpuhe;jpa 

nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jp nrad;Kiwapy; 

Nghf;Ftuj;J Nritf;fhd Nfs;tpahdJ 

njhlu;e;Jk; mjpfupj;Jr; nry;fpd;wJ. nghUshjhu 

mgptpUj;jp nrad;KiwahdJ> jpwdhd 

Nghf;Ftuj;J Nritapid Ntz;b epw;fpd;wJ. 

murpd; gpujhd Nehf;fkhf ,Ug;gJ> rhjhuz 

fl;lzj;jpy; rpwe;j Nghf;Ftuj;J Nritapd; mgptpUj;jpf;F 

trjpaspg;gjhFk;. 2006 Mk; Mz;by; 

Nghf;Ftuj;Jj; JiwahdJ cs;ehl;L nkhj;jj; 

Njrpa cw;gj;jpf;F 8.2% tPjkhd gq;fspg;igr; 

nra;Js;sJ. gpuahzpfs; Nghf;Ftuj;jpy; g];fSk; 

kw;Wk; jdpahu; thfdq;fspd; gq;fspg;ghdJ 94% 

tPjk;> mNjNtis GifapujkhdJ kpFjp 6% 

Nritia toq;Ffpd;wJ. gz;lg; Nghf;Ftuj;ij 

Nehf;Fk;NghJ jiug; Nghf;Ftuj;jhdJ 98% 

tPjkhd nghUl;fis ,lk; efu;j;JtNjhL 

Gifapujr; NritahdJ 2% tPjkhd gz;lq;fisf; 

nfhz;L nry;fpd;wJ. 

g]; Nghf;Ftuj;J Nritapy; mur g]; Nritfs; 

juj;ij mjpfupg;gNjhL mjdJ gq;fspg;ig 

mjpfupg;gjw;fhd gy;NtWgl;l eltbf;if 

vLf;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ. ,jd; xU fl;lkhf 2>000 

g]; tz;bfs; nfhs;tdT nra;ag;gLtNjhL 

kw;Wk; 200 Gjpa vQ;[pd;fs; ,wf;Fkjp nra;ag;gl;L 

jpUj;jg;gl;l g]; tz;bfSf;F nghUj;jg;gl- 

Ts;sd. ,jw;F Nkyjpfkhf njupT nra;ag;gl;l 

25 g]; bg;Nghf;fs; khjpup bg;Nghf;fshf mgptpUj;jp 

nra;ag;glTs;sJ. efu kw;Wk; fpuhkpa 

gpuNjrq;fspd; Nghf;Ftuj;J Nritfis 

mgptpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhd eltbf;iffSk; 

vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,jd;fPo; fpuhkpa ghijfspy; 

Vw;gLk; el;lq;fis

56 

100 Gifapuj ngl;bfs; nfhs;tdT 

jw;NghJ Gifapujr; Nritapy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; 

kpfTk; goiktha;e;j Gifapuj tz;bfis mfw;wp 

Gjpa 100 tz;bfis ,izg;gjD}lhf Gifapuj 

Nritia etPd kakhf;Fjy;. ,j;jpl;lj;jpd;fPo; 

nfhs;tdT nra;ag;gLk; tz;bfs; fPo;tUtdthFk;: 

tif tz;bfspd; xU 

vz;zpf;if tz;bapy; 

cs;s 

Mrdq;fspd; 

vz;zpf;if 

%d;whk; tFg;G 52 96 

,uz;lhk; tFg;G 16 66 

%d;whk; tFg;G uptp 15 50 

2 Mk; tFg;G xJf;F tz;bfs; 8 50 

3 Mk; tFg;G cztfk; 6 50 

fhl;rpfhz; $lk; 3 50 

ePz;lJ}ur; Nritapd; Mw;wiy mjpfupj;jy;. 

Gifapujj;jpy; cs;sfr; Nritfs; mjpfupf;fg;gl;L 

ePz;l J}ug; gpuahzpfSf;F nrhFrhdJk; ghJfhg;ghdJkhd 

Nritfis toq;Fjy;. 

Gifapuj Nritapd; nraw;ghl;L el;lq;fs; 

Fiwf;fg;gl;L tUkhdj;ij mjpfupj;jy;. 

jw;NghJs;s tz;bfspd; kPjhd Rikfs; Fiwf;fg; 

gLtjD}lhf mtw;wpd; MAl;fhyj;ij mjpfupj;jy;. 

Gifapuj Nritapd; cupa Neu Nrit kw;Wk; 

ghJfhg;ig Nkk;gLj;jy;. 



&. 3,270 kpy;ypad; 

epjp %yk; 

cs;@H 


ntspehL: 

&. 2>970 kpy;ypad; 

rPd murpd; vf;]pk; tq;fpf; fld; 

Mz;L 2008 

n 25 tz;bfs; nrg;lk;gu; 2007 ,y; nfhOk;Gj; JiwKfj;ij te;jile;jd. 

n kpFjp 75 tz;bfSk; brk;gu; 2007 ,y; nfhOk;Gj; JiwKfj;ij te;jilAk;.

15 Bry; gy;klq;F myFfspd; 

nfhs;tdT Mz;L 2008 

efu;g;Gw gpuahzpfspd; Nghf;Ftuj;ij Nkk;gLj;jy; 

Nehf;Fld; 15 gy;klq;F Bry; myFfs; nfhs;tdT 

nra;ag;gLk;. xU Bry; gy;klq;F myfhdJ xU 

rf;jp fhu;> ehd;F tz;bfs; kw;Wk; xU ntw;W rhujpf; 

fhu; Mfpatw;iwf; nfhz;lJ. xNu Neuj;jpy; xU 

Bry; gy;klq;F myfpy; 1>500 NgUf;F gpuahzk; 

nra;ayhk;. ,e;j Bry; gy;klq;F myFfs; kzpf;F 

50 fp.kPw;. Ntfj;jpy; gpuahzk; nra;af; $baJ. 

jz;lthsq;fs; Gduikg;Gr; nra;ag;gl;l gpd;G ,jd; 

NtfkhdJ kzpf;F 100 fp.kP. tiu mjpfupf;fyhk;. 

Ntfkhd Gifapuj Nrit fhuzkhf efu;g;Gw 

gpuahzpfspd; Nghf;Ftuj;J Clfj; njuptpid 

thfdg; Nghf;Ftuj;jpypUe;J Gifapujg; 

Nghf;Ftuj;jpw;F khw;wy;. 

efu;g;Gwq;fspy; Nritapy; 045 kpy;ypad; 

2008 Mk; Mz;Lf;fhd tuTnryTj; jpl;l xJf;fk; 

&. 4>400 kpy;ypad; 

ntspehL: 

&. 4>180 kpy;ypad; 

rPd murpd; vf;]pk; tq;fpf; fld; 

n rPd murhq;fj;jpd; vf;]pk; tq;fpAld; fld; xg;ge;jk; nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. 

n midj;J Mtzq;fSk; tq;fpf;Fr; rku;g;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. 

n kpff; FWfpa fhyj;jpy; 30% Kw;gzk; fpilf;fg;ngWk;. 


57

nfhOk;G - khj;jiw Gifapujg; 

ghijiaj; juKau;j;jy; Mz;L 2012 

&. 19,000 kpy;ypad; 

jhkjkpd;wp gpuahzpfs; fhupahyaj;ij> re;ijia 

kw;Wk; Vida ,lq;fis mile;J nfhs;s KbAk;. 

Vida khfhzq;fspy; ,Ue;J njd; khfhzj;jpw;F 

Fiwe;j Nghf;Ftuj;J nrytpy; NfhJik> 

vupnghUs; kw;Wk; rPnke;J Nghd;wtw;iwf; nfhz;L 

nry;Yk cw;gj;jpahsu;fs; Fwpg;gplj; jf;fstpyhd 

ed;ikiag; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sf; $ba tifapy; 

Vw;Wkjp cw;gj;jpg; nghUl;fshd Njapiy> ,wg;gu; 

Nghd;wtw;iw Fiwe;j nrytpy; njw;fpypUe;J 

nfhOk;gpw;F efu;j;jyhk;. 

Gifapuj Nritapd; juj;ij cau;j;JtjD}lhf 

nfhOk;G - fhyp tPjpapy; ghupa thfdq;fspd; 

efu;thdJ FiwtilAk; vd vjpu;ghu;f;fg; gLfpd;wJ. 

,jdhy; Nghf;Ftuj;J neupry; kw;Wk; ghij 

guhkupg;G kPjhd nryT vd;gd FiwtilAk; vd 


Gifapujg; ghijapd; juKau;j;jypD}lhf gpuahzpfs; 

kw;Wk; ruf;F Nghf;Ftuj;jhdJ mjpfupf;Fk;. ,J 

Gifapuj Nritapd; tUkhdj;ij mjpfupg;gNjhL 

nraw;ghl;Lr; nryitf; Fiwtilar; nra;Ak;. 

,jdhy; Gifapujr; Nritapd; ghupa epjpapay; 

Xl;lkhdJ Fiwtiltjw;F top tFf;Fk;. 

epjp %yk; 

cs;@H 

&. 3>800 kpy;ypad; 



,f;fUj;jpl;lkhdJ ,uz;L fl;lq;fshf mKy; 

gLj;jg;gLk;: 

n fl;lk; I - Kjw; fl;lj;jpd;NghJ jw;Nghija 

Gifapujg; ghijahdJ Gjpa jz;lthsq; fs; 

kw;Wk; fl;ilfis Nru;g;gjD}lhf 

cWjpg;gLj;jg;gLk;. NkYk; ,f;fl;lj;jpd; NghJ 

ghze;Jiw> fSj;Jiw> fhyp kw;Wk; khj;jiw 

Nghd;w Gifapuj epiyaq;fs; mgptpUj;jp 

nra;ag;gLk;. 

n fl;lk; II - fSj;Jiw njw;fpypUe;J khj;jiw 

tiu xU ,ul;ilg; Gifapujg; ghijahdJ 

epu;khzpf;fg;gLk;. 


&. 1>900 kpy;ypd; 

ntspehL: 

&. 15>200 kpy;ypad; 


,e;jpa muRld; Ngr;Rthu;j;ijfs; ,lk;ngw;Wf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ.

,g;Gjpa Gifapujg; ghijahdJ ,uz;L fl;lq;fshf 

epu;khzpf;fg;gl ,Uf;fpd;wJ: 

n Kjw; fl;lkhf khj;jiwapypUe;J ngypaj;ij 

tiuapyhd 27 fp.kP. ePskhd ghijAk; 

n ,uz;lhk; fl;lkhf ngypaj;ij apypUe;J fjpu;fhkk; 

tiuapyhd 83 fp.kP. ghijAk; epu;khzpf;fg;glTs;sJ. 

epjp %yk; 

cs;@H 

&. 6>000 kpy;ypad; 

fjpu;fhkk; nry;Yk; ahj;jpupfu;fSf;F nrhFrhd 

kw;Wk; Ntfkhd Nghf;Ftuj;J Nritia 

toq;Fk;. 

GifapujkhdJ gz;lg; Nghf;Ftuj;jpw;F nryT 

Fiwe;j Clfkhifahy; fjpu;fhkk; tiuapyhd 

Gifapujg; ghij tpupthf;fyhdJ cs;Su; 

cw;gj;jpfs; kw;Wk; Ntiytha;g;Gf;fis 

mjpfupf;Fk;. 

khj;jiw - fjpu;fhkk; gifapujg; 

ghij tpupthf;fk; fl;lk; I, II 


&. 1>160 kpy;ypad; 

ntspehL: 

&. 24>000 kpy;ypad; 


njupT nra;ag;gl;l ,lq;fspy; Gifapuj 

epiyaq;fs; epu;khzpf;fg;gLtjdhy; ,g;Gifapuj 

epiyaq;fis mz;kpj;jjhf rpwpa efuq;fs; 

cUthf tha;g;Gz;L. ,J Ranjhopy; Kaw;rpfSf;fhd 

re;ju;g;gq;fis cUthf;Fk;. 

,g;Gifapujg; ghijahdJ ghupa nghUshjhu 

mgptpUj;jp eltbf;iffSf;F rhj;jpakhd gy 

gpuNjrq;fSf;F Nritaspf;ff; $baJ. ,jdhy; 

,g;gpuNjrj;jpd; nghUshjhu kw;Wk; r%f 

mgptpUj;jpfSf;F ghupa gq;fspg;Gr; nra;a 

KbAk;. 


Mz;L 2014 

&. 30,000 kpy;ypad; 

n khj;jiwapypUe;J 17 fp.kPw;wu; tiuapyhd fhzp ngw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJ.. 

n Rw;whly; ju kjpg;gPl;L Ma;thdJ KbAk; jWthapYs;sJ. 

n fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; Kjw;fl;lj;ij Muk;gpg;gjw;fhf mf;fiwAilNahupd; 

ntspg;gLj;jy;fs; Nfhug;gl;Ls;sd. 


59

FUehfy;> jk;Gs;is> `guz Gjpa 

Gifapujg; ghij mgptpUj;jp 

,J 80 fp.kP. ePskhd GjpanjhU Gifapujg; 

ghijahFk;. ,J jk;Gs;is tpNrl nghUshjhu 

kj;jpa epiyaj;ij jw;Nghija FUehfy; Gifapujg; 

ghijAld; ,izf;Fk;. ,j;jpl;lj;jpd; gpujhd 

$Wfshtd: Gifapujg; ghij> Gifapuj epiyaq;fs;> 

rkpf;iQfs; kw;Wk; njhlu;ghly; KiwikfshFk;. 

epjp %yk; 

cs;@H 

&. 4>800 kpy;ypad; 



ntspehL: 

&. 19>200 kpy;ypad; 


jk;Gs;isahdJ tptrhag; nghUl;fSf;fhd 

re;ij kj;jpa jskhf mgptpUj;jp mile;J 

nfhz; bUf; fpd; wJ. Gjpa Gifapujg; 

ghijapD}lhf jk;Gs;is re;ijf;F nghUl;fs; 

kw;Wk; tpahghupfs; milaf;$ba kw;Wk; efuf; 

$ba tha;g;G mjpfupf;fpd;wJ. ,jd;%yk; tptrha 

cw;gj;jpahsu;fs; jkJ nghUl;fSf;F rpwe;j 

tpiyiag; ngw;Wf; nfhs;thu;fs; vd 


jk;Gs;isahdJ xU Gz;zpa g+kpahFk;. ,jdhy; 

ghupastpyhd cs;Su; kw;Wk; ntspehl;L 

Rw;Wyhg; gazpfs; tUif jUthu;fs; vd 

vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. khw;W top Nghf;Ftuj;J 

Clfj;jpd; mwpKfj;jpD}lhf cs;ehl;L kw;Wk; 

ntspehl;L Rw;Wyhg; gazpfspd; tUifia 

Cf;fg;gLj;Jk; vd vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. 

GifapujkhdJ ruf;F nfhz;L nry;yYf;F xU 

nghUshjhu uPjpapy; ,yhgfukhd xU ClfkhFk;. 

,j;jpl;lk; gpuNjrj;jpYs;s cw;gj;jpahsu;fs; jkJ 

cw;gj;jpfSf;F Njitahd cs;sPLfis Fiwe;j 

nrytpy; nfhz;L nry;yyhk;. ,jd;%yk; tptrha 

cw;gj;jpfspd; cw;gj;jpr; nryT FiwtilAk; 




Mz;L 2012 

&. 24,000 kpy;ypad; 

,f;fUj;jpl;lkhdJ 2009 Mk; Mz;by; mKy;gLj;jg;gLk; vd 


fpof;F Gifapujg; ghij Gduikg;G Mz;L 2012 

Nritapy; 600 kpy;ypad; 


,f;fUj;jpl;lkhdJ 2009 Mk; Mz;by; mKyhf;Ftjw;F 



61

fsdptop Gifapujg; ghijia ,uj;jpdGup 

kw;Wk; vk;gpypg;gpl;b Clhf 

`k;ghe;Njhl;il tiu tpupthf;FjYk; 

mgptpUj;jp nra;jYk; 

n ,j;jpl;lkhdJ jw;Nghija fsdptopg; ghijia 

mgptpUj;jp nra;jy;> kw;Wk; 

n mtprhtisapypUe;J `k;ghe;Njhl;il tiu 152 

fp.kP. ePskhd Gjpa jz;lthsj;ij epu;khzpj;jy; 

&. 37,500 kpy;ypad; 

,uj;jpdGup kw;Wk; `k;ghe;Njhl;ilapYs;s 

efuq;fSf;F tpiuthd khw;Wtop Nghf;Ftuj;J 

Clfkhf ,J mikAk;. 

Fiwe;j nrytpyhd Gpuahzpfs; kw;Wk; ruf;F 

Nghf;Ftuj;J. 

,g;gpuNjrj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; Nghf;Ftuj;J uPjpahd 

jlq;fy;fs; mfw;wg;gLtjdhy; ,g;gpuNjrj;jpd; 

tptrhag; nghUl;fSf;F rpwe;j re;ij tha;g;Gf; 

fpilg;gjdhy; nghUshjhu kw;Wk; r%f 

eltbf;iffs; mgptpUj;jpailAk;. 

tu;j;jf> tptrhak;> ifj;njhopy; kw;Wk; Nritj; 

Jiwapy; jdpahu; Jiwapd; KjyPl;Lf;F rhjfkhd 

#oiyg; ngw;Wf; nfhLf;Fk;. 

epjp %yk; 

cs;@H 

&. 7>500 kpy;ypad; 





ntspehL: 

&. 30>000 kpy;ypad; 

Mz;L 2012 

n nfhupa epGzu;fshy; rhj;jpats Kd;dwpf;if rku;g;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. 

n tpupthd rhj;jpats Ma;tpw;F nfhupa murhq;fj;jpd; ed;nfhilfs; 

vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wd.

thfd neupry; Fiwtiljy;: ghij 

tiyg;gpd;dyhdJ tpupthf;fg;glhj epiyapy; 

thfdq;fspd; vz;zpf;ifapd; Jupj mjpfupg;ghdJ> 

nfhOk;G jiyefu tPjpfspy; Nkhrkhd thfd 

neuprYf;Ff; fhuzkhAs;sJ. cr;rg;ghtid 

Neuj;jpy; thfdq;fspd; ruhrup NtfkhdJ kzpf;F 

12 - 15 fp.kPw;wu;fshFk;. ghuk; Fiwe;j Jupjkhd 

Nghf;Ftuj;J KiwahdJ ,jid kzpf;F 30 - 

40 fp.kP. tiuapy; epiyahfg; NgZk;. 

mjpfupj;j nghUshjhu eyd;: ghuk; Fiwe;j Jupj 

Nghf;Ftuj;J Kiwik mwpKfk; nra;ag;gLk;NghJ 

Nghf;Ftuj;J Neuk; Fiwf;fg;gLtjdhYk; 

jdpg;gl;l thfd ghtidahsu;fs; ,g;Gjpa 

Nghf;Ftuj;J Clfj;jpw;F efu;tjdhYk; 

vupnghUs; ghtid FiwtilAk;. ,J 

ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzp Nrkpg;Gf;F ,l;Lr; nry;Yk;. 

gpuahzpfspd; ghjfhg;G mjpfupf;Fk;: ,t;tz;bahdJ 

xNu Kiwapy; ngUe;njhifahd gpuahzpfisf; 

nfhz;L nry;tJld; ,J jd;dfj;Nj rpwe;j 

ghJfhg;G gz;GfisAk; nfhz;ljhFk;. 

ghuk; Fiwe;j Jupjkhd 

Nghf;Ftuj;J Kiw (LRT) Mz;L 2011 


,j;jpl;lj;jpd; %yk; nfhOk;G jiyefu;g; 

gpuNjrj;jpy; ghuk; Fiwe;j Jujkhd 

Nghf;Ftuj;J Kiwikia mwpKfk; 

nra;tjhFk;. ,j; Jupj Nghf;Ftuj;J Kiwapd; 

Kjw;fl;lkhf nfhOk;G Nfhl;ilapD}lhf 

,uj;kyhidapypUe;J gj;juKy;iy tiuapy; 

26 fp.kPw;wu; tiu epu;khzpf;fg;gLk;. 

,k;KiwahdJ cyfpd; gpujhd efuq;fspy; 

cs;s kpfTk; gpurpj;jkhd Nghf;Ftuj;J 

ClfkhFk;. 

&. 30,500 

kpy;ypad; 

epjp %yk; 

&. 30>500 kpy;ypad; 


Vd;.

64 

kf eFk 

fpuhkpa cl;fl;likg;G mgptpUj;jp 

Kidg;Gf;fs; 

KjyPLfs; 

&. 35,717 kpy;ypad; 

Mz;L 2009 

r%f ePu;toq;fy; kw;Wk; Jg;GuT 

Nritfs; fUj;jpl;lk; 

Mz;L 2010 

10>000 rpwpa ePu;g;ghrdj; jpl;lq;fisg; 

Gduikj;jy; 


Mz;L 2010 

fpuhkpa kpd;kakhf;fy; epfo;r;rpj; 

jpl;lk; 8> 9 kw;Wk; 10 

Mz;L 2012 

[dnrtd tPlikg;G epfo;r;rpj; 

jpl;lk;

fpuhkpa cw;gj;jpahsHfis efu 

re;ijfSld; njhlHG gLj;jy; 

fpuhkpa nghUshjhuj;ij 

kPSUthf;Fjy; 

twpatu;fs; gad;juf;$ba nghUshjhu 

eltbf;iffspy; FbePu; 

tpepNahfk;> tPjpfs;> kpd;rhuk; kw;Wk; ePu;g;ghrdj; 

Jiwfspy; ehL jOtpa mbg;gilapy; fpuhkpa 

mgptpUj;jpj; jpl;lq;fis mKy;gLj;jp tUfpd;wJ. 

,j;jpl;lq;fspD}lhf twpatu;fs; gad;juf; $ba 

nghUshjhu eltbf;iffis Muk;gpg;gjw;fhd 

rhjfkhd #oiy cUthf;Ftjdhy; tWikahdJ 

Fiwtila tha;g;Gz;L. fpuhkpa kl;lj;jpyhd 

cl;fl;likg;G trjpfspd; mgptpUj;jpahdJ fpuhkpa 

twpatu;fspd; mbg;gilj; Njitfisg; g+u;j;jp 

nra;jy; kw;Wk; nry;tj;ij cUthf;Ftjw;F cjtp 

nra;fpd;wJ. fpuhkpa kl;lj;jpy; mKy;gLj;jg;gLk; 

gpujhd epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fshtd: [dnrtd 

tPlikg;Gj; jpl;lk;> ‘kfeFk’ ghij mgptpUj;jpj; 

jpl;lk;> 1>000 Fsq;fs; kw;Wk; mizf;fl;Lfs; 

Gduikg;G> fpuhkpa kpd;kakhf;fy; kw;Wk; r%f 

FbePu; tpepNahfk; kw;Wk; Jg;GuT Nritfs; 

MfpadthFk;. 

[dnrtd epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; 2012 Mk; Mz;L 

MFk;NghJ 100>000 tPLfs; epu;khzpf;fg;gLk;. 

kfeFk jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; fpuhkpa ghijfshdJ 

Nkk;gLj;jg;gLtjD}lhf fpuhkpa cw;gj;jpfs; efu 

re;ijfisr; nrd;wiltjw;fhd tha;g;G 

Vw;gLj;jg;gLk;. 10>000 Fsq;fs; Gduikg;Gj; 

jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; Mw;wq;fiu gLf;iffSf;F 

mz;ikapYs;s rpwpa Fsq;fis 

Gduikg;gjD}lhf ePug;ghrd trjpfs; kw;Wk; rpwpa 

Fsq;fis mgptpUj;jp nra;tjD}lhf fpuhkpag; 

nghUshjhukhdJ kPz;Lk; Gj;Japu; mspf;fg;gLk;. 

fpuhkpa kpd;kakhf;fyhdJ 160>000 tPLfSf;F 

kpd;rhu trjpfis nra;J nfhLf;Fk; Nehf;fj;ijf; 

nfhz;ljhFk;. ,uz;lhk; r%f FbePu; tpepNahfj; 

jpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fkhtJ gJis> khj;jiw> 

,uj;jpdGup> mEuhjGuk;> `k;ghe;Njhl;il> fk;g`h 

kw;Wk; nfhOk;G khtl;lq;fspYs;s 826 fpuhk 

Nritahsu; gpupTfspYs;s fpuhkpa kf;fSf;F 

Rj;jkhd FbePiug; ngw;Wf; nfhLg;gjhFk;. 


‘kf eFk’ epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lkhdJ xU ehL 

jOtpa epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lkhFk;. ,jd; 

Nehf;fkhtJ ed;ikngWk; r%fg; 

gq;fspg;Gld; mtu;fspd; tsq;fis 

cgNahfpj;J fpuhkg;Gw Nghf;Ftuj;J 

trjpfis Nkk;gLj;JtjhFk;. ,jd;%yk; 

Fiwe;j nrytpy; mjp cr;r gaid 

mile;J nfhs;tjw;F vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. 

,jd; %yk; fpuhkpa kf;fs; 

gpujhd tPjp mgptpUj;jp kw;Wk; Vida 

cl;fl;likg;G mgptpUj;jp trjpfspd; 

gpujpgyd;fis NeubahfNt mile;J 

nfhs;tjw;F re;ju;g;gk; Vw;gLfpd;wJ. 

xU tUlhj;j njhlHrpahd 

epfo;r;rpj;jk; xd;whf 

,yq;if murhq;fj;jpdhy; 

KOikahf epjpg;gPl;lk; 

nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ 

re;ijfSf;Fk; efu ikaq;fSf;Fk; kw;Wk; 

ghlrhiy> itj;jparhiy> tq;fp kw;Wk; gy;NtW 

NritfSf;fhd Nkk;gLj;jg;gl;l Nghf;Ftuj;J 

trjp. 

fpuhkpa kf;fspd; Nkk;gLj;jg;gl;l nghUshjhu 

kw;Wk; r%f eltbf;iffs;. 

gpuahzpfs; kw;Wk; thfd cupikahsu;fSf;F 

Nghf;Ftuj;Jf; fhyk; kw;Wk; nryT Fiwtiljy;. 

tptrha kw;Wk; ifj;njhopy; cw;gj;jpfSf;fhd 

Nghf;Ftuj;Jr; nryT Fiwtiljy;. 

fpuhkg; gpuNjrq;fspy; fhzg;gLk; r%f eyd;Gup 

epiyaq;fspD}lhf fpuhkpa kf;fSf;F ngw;Wf; 

nfhLf;fg;gLk; r%f Nritfs; Nkk;gLk;. 

mgptpUj;jp eltbf;iffspy; r%fj;jpd; gq;fspg;ig 

cWjpg;gLj;Jk;. 

epjp %yk; 

cs;@H 

&. 4>000 kpy;ypad; 



kf eFk 


&. 4>000 kpy;ypad; 

n ,Jfhy tiu 3>400 fp.kPw;wu; ePskhd fpuhkpag; ghijfs; 

Gduikf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. 

n 2007 Mk; Mz;Lf;fhd ,yf;fhd 770 fp.kPw;wupy; 386 fp.kPw;wu; 

g+uzg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. 

n 2007 Mk; Mz;L ,yf;fpy; kPjkhfTs;s 384 fp.kPw;wu; ePskhd 

ghijfspd; Gduikg;G Ntiyfs; eilngw;Wf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ.

%f ePu;toq;fy; kw;Wk; Jg;GuT 

Nritfs; fUj;jpl;lk; 

12 khtl;lq;fspy; 1>435 fpuhk Nrtfu; gpupTfspy; 

cs;s fpuhkpa kf;fSf;F Njrpa juj;jpyhd 

Rj;jkhd FbePu; tpepNahfk;> Jg;GuT Nritfs; 

kw;Wk; Rfhjhu gof;f tof;fq;fis cWjpnra;jy; 

NghJkhdJk; Rj;jkhdJkhd FbePh; fpilg;gdT 

ePiug; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhf nryT nra;ag;gl;l 

gzk; kw;Wk; Neuk; kPjg;gLj;jg;gl;L mjid 

cw;gj;jp rhu;e;j Jiwapy; gad;gLj;jyhk;. 

Njrpa nghUshjhu tsu;r;rpf;F gq;fspg;Gr; nra;Ak;. 

,j;jpl;lj;jpd; Fwpf;Nfhs; vd;dntd;why; fpuhkpa kf;fspd; 

tho;f;ifj; juj;ij Rj;jkhd FbePu; tpepNahfk;> Jg;GuT 

Nritfs; kw;Wk; Nkk;gLj;jg;gl;l Rfhjhu gof;f 

tof;fq;fspD}lhf Nkk;gLj;JtjhFk;. 

,j;jpl;lkhdJ ,uz;L $Wfisf; nfhz;lJ: 

n ,uz;lhtJ r%f ePu;tpepNahf kw;Wk; jg;GuT Nritfs; 

fUj;jpl;lk;: ,J khj;jiw> fz;b> EtNuypah kw;Wk; FUehfy; 

khtl;lq;fspy; 826 fpuhkNrtfu; gpupTfspy; mKy;gLj;jg; 

gLfpd;wJ. 

n kPs; nraw;gLj;jg;gl;l r%f ePu;tpepNahf kw;Wk; Jg;GuT 

Nritfs; fl;lk; II : gJis> khj;jiw> ,uj;jpdGup> nfhOk;G> 

fk;g`h> mEuhjGuk; kw;Wk; `k;ghe;Njhl;il Mfpa 

khtl;lq;fspy; 609 fpuhk Nritahsu; gpupTfis cs;slf;fp 

,Uf;Fk;. 

&. 8,085 kpy;ypad; 

epjp %yk; 

cs;@H 

&. 4>328 kpy;ypad; 


&. 1>735 kpy;ypad; 

ntspehL: 

&. 3>757 kpy;ypad; 

mDurid: cyf tq;fp 


Mz;L 2009 

340 fpuhk Nritahsu; gpupTfspy; FbePu; tpepNahfk; kw;Wk; Jg;GuT Nritfs; 

g+u;j;jp nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd. 


67

,yq;if Mw;Wf;fiug; gLf;iffspy; cs;s rpwpa 

Fsq;fspd; ePu;tsj;ij mjpfupj;J fpuhkpa 

nghUshjhuj;ij kPs; mgptpUj;jp nra;tNj ,j;jpl;lj;jpd; 

Nehf;fkhFk;. ,e;epfo;r;rpj; jpl;ljpy; 10>000 fpW Fsq;fs; 

kw;Wk; mizf;fl;Lf;fspd; kPsikg;Gk; mlq;fpAs;sJ. 

gapu; kw;Wk; fhy;eil cw;gj;jpfspd; mjpfupg;G FbePu; 

kw;Wk; md;whl ePu;j;NjitfSf;fhd NghJkhd ePu; 

fpilg;gdT epyf;fPo; ePu; fpilg;gdit ,aysT 

mjpfupj;jy; kw;Wk; ,g;gpuNjrq;fspd; Ez; fhyepiy 

epiyikapy; Kd;Ndw;wk; vd;gd ,j;jpl;lj;jpd; fPohd 

ed;ikfshFk;. 

,j;jpl;lkhdJ nghUshjhu tsu;r;rpf;F rhjfkhd 

gq;fspg;ig Nkyjpf gapu; cw;gj;jpapD}lhf 

mspf;Fk; ,U Nghfq;fspYk; ePu; fpilf;fr; 

nra;tjD}lhf gapu; nra;ag;gLk; epyj;jpd; msT 

kw;Wk; gapu;fspd; msitAk; jw;Nghija 

kl;lkhd 1 ,Ue;J 1.8 tiu mjpfupf;fyhk;. 

Mapuk; Fsq;fspd; epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lj;jpy; gapu; 

tpisr;ry; mjpfupg;G khj;jpuky;y ehl;bd; Vida 

cw;gj;jpj; Jiwapd; fhy;eil kw;Wk; kPd;gpb 

vd;gtw;iwAk; tsu;r;rpailar; nra;Ak;. ,j;jpl;lj;jpid 

mKy;gLj;JtjD}lhf vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLk; xU 

n`f;lau; epyg;gug;Gf;fspd; tUkhdk; mz;zsthf 

&gh 300>000 MFk;. Xt;nthU Fsj;jpD}lhfTk; 

ruhrupahf 10 n`f;lau; epyg;gug;Gf;F 

ePu;g;ghrdk; mspf;fg;glyhk; vd vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. 

xU Fsj;ij mgptpUj;jp nra;tjD}lhf 

nkhj;jkhf 30 kpy;ypad; &gh ngWkjpahd 

ed;ikfs; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. 

ehl;bd; gy;NtW gpuNjrq;fspYk; Fwpg;ghf tuz;l 

tyaj;jpd; trpf;Fk; 300>000 tptrhaf; FLk;gq;fs; 

NeubahfTk; kiwKfkhfTk; ed;ikailtu; 


10>000 rpwpa ePu;g;ghrdj; 

jpl;lq;fisg; Gduikj;jy; 



Mz;L 2010 

epjp %yk; 

cs;@H 

& 2>832 kpy;ypad; Mz;L 2007 



2007 Mk; mz;L kj;jpa gFjpapy; 2>511 rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;juf; Fsq;fs; 

kw;Wk; mizf;fl;Lf;fspd; Gduikg;G Ntiyfs; g+u;j;jp nra;ag;gl;bUg;gijf; 

fhz KbAkhapUe;jJ. jw;NghJ ,j;jpl;lkhdJ ehl;ilf; fl;bnaOg;Gk; 

kw;Wk; Njhl;l cl;fl;likg;G mikr;R> khfhz rigfs; kw;Wk; fkey 

Nritfs; jpizf;fsj;jpdhy; mKy;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.

fpuhkpa kpd;kakhf;fy; epfo;r;rpj; 

jpl;lk; 8> 9 kw;Wk; 10 

jw;Nghija kpd;tpepNahf Kiwikapd; fPo; kpd;rhuj;ijg; 

ngw;Wf;nfhs;s Kbahj fpuhkq;fSf;F kpd;t;rjpiag; ngw;Wf; 

nfhLg;gij Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;l ,j;jpl;lkhdJ 

3 cgjpl;lq;fisf; nfhz;ljhFk;: 

,j;jpl;lj;jpd; %yk; tpepNahf tiyg;gpd;dyhdJ 

tpupthf;fg;gl;L NkYk; ; tpepNahf tiyg;gpd;dypd; njhopy;El;g 

uPjpahd trjpfSk; Nkk;gLj;jg;gLk;: 

(1) fpuhkpa kpd;tpepNahff; fUj;jpl;lk; fl;lk; 8 - &gh 3>165 kpy;. 

tlf;F> fpof;F tlkj;jpa kw;Wk; Cth khfhzq;fspd; 

227 fpuhkpa kpd;tpepNahfj; jpl;lq;fs; mKy;gLj;jg;gLk;. 

,j;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; 227 cg kpd;epiyaq;fs; epu;khzpf;fg;gLjy;> 

507 fp.kPw;wu; kj;jpa kpd;Ndhl;lf; fk;gpfspd; 

,izg;G kw;Wk; 1>156 fp.kPw;wu; fPo; kpd;Ndhl;lf; fk;gpfspd; 

,izg;G vd;gd epu;khzpf;fg;gLk;. NkYk; 100 fp.kPw;wu; 

J}uj;jpw;F 33 fp.Nthl;]; kpd; tpepNahff; fk;gpfspd; 

,izg;Gk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;. 


,j;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; ehL g+uhfTk; 250 fpuhkpa kpd;kakhf;fy; 

fUj;jpl;lq;fs; mKy;gLj;jg;gLk;. ,jd;fPo; 250 cg 

kpd;epiyaq;fs; epu;khzpj;jy;> 125 fp.kPw;wu; ePskhd 

kj;jpa kpd;Ndhl;lf; fk;gpfspd; ,izg;G kw;Wk; 1>500 

fp.kPw;wu; ePskhd fPo; kpd;Ndhl;lf; fk;gpfspd; ,izg;G 

vd;gd Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;. 


,j;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; ehL g+uhfTk; 650 fpuhkpa kpd;kakhf;fy; 

fUj;jpl;lq;fs; mKy;gLj;jg;gLk;. ,jd;fPo; 

650 cg kpd;epiyaq;fs; epu;khzpj;jy;> 1>300 fp.kPw;wu; 

ePskhd kj;jpa kpd;Ndhl;lf; fk;gpfspd; ,izg;G kw;Wk; 

3>250 fp.kPw;wu; ePskhd fPo; kpd;Ndhl;lf; fk;gpfspd; 

,izg;G vd;gd Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;. 

160>000 fpuhkpa tPLfSf;F kpd;dpizg;Gg; ngw;Wf; 

nfhLg;gjw;F vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ: 

n fpuhkpa kpd;kakhf;fy; fUj;jpl;lk; 8 ,d; fPo; 

30>000 tPLfSf;F kpd;dpizg;Gg; ngw;Wf; 

nfhLf;fg;gLk;. 







epjp %yk; 

cs;@H 

&. 2>638 kpy;ypad; 


&. 10 kpy;ypad; (gFjp 10) 

ntspehL: 

&. 8>162 kpy;ypad; 



Mz;L 2010 

&. 10,800 kpy;ypad; 

Muk;g fl;l rhj;jpats Ma;T g+uzg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. tpupthd 

tbtikg;G kw;Wk; jpl;lk; jahupf;fg;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ. 

ue;njhu Njrpa cl;fl;likg;G trjpfs; cgptpUj;jp epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk; - nghUshjhu cl;fl;likg;G 69

70 

[dnrtd tPlikg;G epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk; 

fpuhkpag; gpuNjrq;fspy; Rj;jkhd kw;Wk; ghJfhg;ghd 

Rw;whlypy; mofhd kw;Wk; Fiwe;j nrytpyhd 

tPLfis cupikahsu;fshff; nfhz;l xU rKjh 

aj;ij cUthf;FtNj ,j;jpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fkhFk;. 

xt;nthU fpuhkj;jpYk; 25 tPLfs; tPjk; ehL g+uhfTk; 

tUlhe;jk; 15>000 tPLfis 2006 – 2012 Mk; Mz;L 

fhyg;gFjpapy; epu;khzpg;gNj ,j;jpl;lj;jpd; %yk; vjpu; 

ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. Fiwe;j tUkhdk; ngWk; 

FLk;gq;fis Nehf;fhff; nfhz;L ,j;jpl;lj;ij 

mKy;gLj;Jk; nghWg;ghdJ Njrpa tPlikg;G mjpfhu 

rigaplk; xg;gilf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. xt;nthU jFjpahd 

FLk;gKk; mjpfgl;rk; &gh 100>000 rYiff; fldhfg; 

ngw; Wf; nfhs; s KbAk; . xt; nthU 

jFjpahdtu;fSf;Fk; Njrpa tPlikg;G mjpfhu 

rigahdJ tPLfis epu;khzpg;gjpy; njhopy;El;g cjtp> 

tPl;Lj; jpl;lq;fisj; jahupj;jy; kw;Wk; Fiwe;j 

nrytpyhd njhopy;El;gk; Nghd;wtw;iw gpuNahfpg;gjpy; 

cjtp nra;fpd;wJ. ,t;tPLfshdJ Ra Kaw;rp cjtp 

nfhs;if mbg;gilapy; epu;khzpf;fg;gLtNjhL 

Njitahd mbg;gil cl;fl;likg;G trjpfs; fkeFk 

epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; ngw;Wf; nfhLf;fg;gLk;. 

n fkeFk/ [hjpf rtpa epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; 

njupT nra;ag;gl;Ls;s 4>000 fpuhkq;fspy; 100>000 

tPLfs; epu;khzpf;fg;gLk;. 

n GjpanjhU tPl;il epu;khzpg;gjw;fhf cau;e;j gl;rk; 

&gh 100>000 kw;Wk; tPl;ilj; jpUj;Jtjw;fhf &gh 

50>000 vd;w mbg;gilapy; rYiff; fld; 

toq;fg;gLk; 

n Fiwe;j fpua njhopy; El;gk; kw;Wk; r%fg; gq;F 

gw;wy; Cf;Ftpf;fg;gLk;. 

n ,j;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; cjtp ngWNthu; kpfTk; ftdkhd 

kw;Wk; ntspg;gilahd Kiwapy; njupT 

nra;ag;gLtu;. 

100>000 FLk;gq;fSf;F Gjpa my;yJ 

Nkk;gLj;jg;gl;l tPLfs;. 

ePu; tpepNahfk; kw;Wk; Rfhjhu Nrit fisg; 

ngw;Wf; nfhLj;jy;. 

fpuhkg;Gwq;fspy; tUkhdkpy;yh tWikiaf; 

Fiwj;jy;. 

fpuhkg;Gw Viofspd; Ra kupahijia 

cau;j;Jjy;. 

mgptpUj;jpapy; fhzg;gLk; gpuNjr NtWghl;ilf; 

Fiwj;jy;. 



&. 10,000 kpy;ypad; 

epjp %yk; 

cs;@H 

&. 10>000 kpy;ypad; 

Mz;L 2012 

15>000 tPLfs; epu;khzpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. NkYk;> 6>400 tPLfs; epu;khzpf;fg; 

gl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. ,tw;wpw;fhd fpuak; &gh 758 kpy;ypad;.

n gpuhe;jpa mgptpUj;jp 

gpujhd ePu;g;ghrdj; jpl;lq;fshdJ 

,yq;ifapy; ePu;g;ghrdk; nra;ag;gLk; 

epyq;fspy; Vwf;Fiwa 60% ,w;fhd ePupid 

toq;Ffpd;wd. ehl;by; nkhj;j ePu; 

ngwyhdJ ifj;njhopy;fs; kw;Wk; cs;Su; 

gad;ghl;bw;fhd ePu;g;ghrd tptrhaj;jpy; 

Vwf;Fiwa 80% ,id toq;Ffpd;wd. 

,e;j nraw; jpl;lq;fs; midj;Jk; 

r%fj;jpw;F gy topfspYk; ed;ikaspf;ff; 

$ba gd;Nehf;Fila ePu;g;ghrdr; nraw; 

jpl;lq;fshFk;. Fwpg;ghf cj;Njr 

nkhwf`fe;ij ePu;j;Njf;f nraw; jpl;lkhdJ> 

cj;Njr jpl;lq;fspy; kpfTk; ghupanjhd;whFk;. 

,J kj;jpa> tlkj;jpa kw;Wk; fpof;F 

khfhzq;fspy; fhzg;gLk; ePu;g; 

gw;whf;Fiwapid ePf;FtJld; khj;jis> 

mEuhjGuk;> jpUNfhzkiy kw;Wk; 

nghyeWit khtl;lq;fspd; ifj;njhopy; 

kw;Wk; tPl;Lg; ghtidf;fhd ePu;j; 

Njitapidg; g+u;j;jp nra;Ak;. ,j;jpl;lk; 

20 nkfhNthl;]; ePu; kpd;rhuj;jpidAk; 

cw;gj;jp nra;Ak;. 

ePh;g;ghrdk; 

n nghUshjhu tsHr;rpDlhf rpwe;j tho;thjhuk;... 

ue;njhu Njrpa cl;fl;likg;G trjpfs; cgptpUj;jp epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk; - ePh;g;ghrdk; 71

72 

ePh;g;ghrdk; 

n nghUshjhu tsu;r;rp n cw;gj;jpj;jpwd; Nkk;ghL 

fUj;jpl;lkhdJ> ehl;bd; midj;J 

gFjpfspYKs;s tuz;l epyq;fis 

tskhd tptrha epyq;fshf khw;WtJld; 

Kd;nkhopag;gl;Ls;s l;uhd;]; Ngrpd; 

gd;Kfg;gLj;jy; Kiwik %yk; Gjpa ePu; 

toq;fy; %yq;fisf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;. 

,e;j gpujhd jpl;lq;fspd; fPo; Vwf;Fiwa 

105>000 n`f;lau; epyk; mgptpUj;jp 

nra;ag;gLk; vd vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. 

NkYk; ,r;nraw; jpl;lkhdJ kpfTk; 

fpuhkpa kw;Wk; tWikapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l 

khtl;lq;fSf;F ePu;g;ghrd trjpfis 

toq;Fk;. ,e;j nraw; jpl;lq;fspd; %yk; 

Neubahf ed;ikaila ,Uf;Fk; 

FLk;gq;fspd; vz;zpf;if 100>000 ,w;Fk; 

mjpfkhf ,Uf;Fk;. 

ue;njhu Njrpa cl;fl;likg;G trjpfs; mgptpUj;jp epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk; - ePh;g;ghrdk; 

%yk;: k`pe;j rpe;jid GjpaNjhH ,yq;iff;fhd J}u 

xU jrhg;jfhy mgptpUj;jp Ntiyr; rl;lfk;.

KjyPLfs; 

&. 67,122 kpy;ypad; 

Mz;L 2008 

nkdpf; fq;if (ntùfy) mgptpUj;jp 

Mz;L 2010 

njJU Xah ePu;j;Njf;fk; 

Mz;L 2010 

uk;Gf;fd; Xah ePu;j;Njf;fk; 

Mz;L 2011 

mizf;fl;L ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; ePu; 

Kfhikj;Jtk; 

Mz;L 2013 

nkhuf`fe;ij kw;wk; fSfq;if 

mgptpUj;jp 

ue;njhu Njrpa cl;fl;likg;G trjpfs; mgptpUj;jp epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk; - ePh;g;ghrdk; 73

&. 1,772 kpy;ypad; 

74 

nkdpf; fq;if (ntùfy) mgptpUj;jp 

ntùfiyapy; nkdpf; fq;ifapid ClWj;J 

75 kpy;ypad; fd kPw;wu; nfhs;jpwd; nfhz;l 

ePu;j;Njf;fnkhd;wpid epu;khzpj;jy; kw;Wk; 23 fp.kP. 

epskhd ePHj;jlhf fhy;tha; xd;wpD}lhf fpupe;jp 

Xahtpw;fhd ePu; tpdpNahfg; ghij. 

YDfk;ntù ePu;j; Njf;fj;jpid mgptpUj;jp 

nra;J new;fhzpfspy; gapupLk; Mu;tj;jpid 1.40 

,ypUe;J 1.86 Mf Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;F 

jpl;lkplg;gl;Ls;sJld; 3>000 mjpfkhd tptrha 

FLk;gq;fs; ed;ik ngWtu;. 

fjpu;fhkk; efuk;> jdky;tpy kw;Wk; 

YDfk;ntù FbePu; toq;fy; Vw;ghL. 

fjpu;fhkj;jpy; ahj;jpupfu;fSf;F FbePu; 

toq;Ftij ,j;jpl;lk; cWjp nra;Ak; ;. 

YDfk;ntù Njrpag; g+q;fhtpy; ePu;f; 

fpilg;gdtpid cWjpg;gLj;jy;. ,J Rw;Wyhj; 

Jiwapid Cf;Ftpg;gjw;F cjTk;. 



Mz;L 2008 

epjp %yk; 


&. 300 ky;ypad; 

n 6 kjFfis g+l;LtJ jtpu ,j;jpl;lj;jpd; midj;J NtiyfSk; g+u;j;jp 

nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd. 

n ,j;jpl;lkhdJ 2008 Mk; Mz;L khu;r; khjj;jpy; g+u;j;jp nra;ag;gl ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

ngUk; Nghfj;jpd;NghJ Vwf;Fiwa 15>000 n`f;lau; 

fhzpapy; new; gapu;rnra;if Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLtJld; 

rpWNghfj;jpd; NghJ cau; ngWkjpAila 

tu;j;jfg; gapu;r;nra;if Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;. 

FUehfy; kw;Wk; Gj;jsk; khtl;lq;fspy; 

Vwf;Fiwa 14>000 tptrha FLk;gq;fs; Neubahf 

ed;ikailAk; mNjNtis 8>515 n`f;lau; 

epyq;fSf;F ePu;g;ghrd trjp toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. 

tlNky; khfhzj;jpYs;s thupag;nghy> k`hntt> 

epf;ftnul;ba kw;Wk; mEuhjGuk; Nghd;w gpujhd 

efuq;fspy; FbePu; fpilg;gdit mgptpUj;jp 

nra;jy;. 

jw;nghOJs;s rpwpa ePu;g;ghrd jpl;lq;fspd; fPo; 

tptrha epyq;fspd; fPo; cw;gj;jpj; jpwd; Nkk;ghL 

mNjNghd;W kP Xah kw;Wk; njJW Xah ePu;j; 

Njf;fq;fspy; Gjpa epyq;fspd; mgptpUj;jp. 

njJW XahtpypUe;J kP Xahtpw;F 55 vk;rPvk; 

ePupid jpir jpUg;Gtjd; %yk; ,d;fpdpkpl;ba 

gpuNjrj;jpw;F njhlu;r;rpahf ePu; toq;fypid 

cWjpg;gLj;jy;. 

Njrpa kpd; tYtpy; Nkyjpfkhf 1.5 nkfhNthy;l; 

ePu; kpd; cw;gj;jp. 

njJU Xah ePu;j;Njf;fk; 

&. 6,500 kpy;ypad; 

epjp %yk; 


Mz;L 2010 

,j;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; 120 fd kpy;ypad; yPw;wu; ; 

nfhs;ssT nfhz;l ePu;j; Njf;fj;jpid 

epu;khzpj;jYk; kP Xah ,ilkhw;W fiu 

tiu 90 fd kpy;ypad; yPw;wu; nfhs;ssT 

cila ePu; jpUg;Gf; fhy;thia 




n fhzp RtPfupg;G> tpiy kjpg;gPL kw;Wk; kPs; FbNaw;wk; vd;gd nraw;gLj;jg; 

gLfpd;wd. 

n Gj;jsk; khtl;lj;jpy; ujhtpgz;b-vy gpuNjrj;jpy; mizf;fl;L epu;khzg; gFjpapy; 

thOk; 78 FLk;gq;fs; kPs; FbNaw;wg;gl;Ls;sd. 

n ujhtpgz;b-vy gpuNjrj;jpy; kpd;rhuk;> tPjp Nghd;w cl;fl;likg;G trjpfspd; 

epu;khz Ntiyfs; eilngw;W tUfpd;wd. 

n el;l

76 

mk;ghiw khtl;lj;jpy; 3>500 Vf;fu; Gjpa fhzpfs; 

mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;gLk;. cWjpahd ePu; toq;fYld; 

1.8 kl;lj;jpw;F gapu;r;nra;if Mu;tj;jpid ,J 

mjpfupf;fr; nra;Ak;. 

1>500 Nkw;gl;l tptrhaf; FLk;gq;fs; Neub 

ed;ikngWtu;. 

mk;ghiw> gpgpy efuq;fSf;fhd khw;Wg; ghijfs; 

kw;Wk; k`h Xah gpuNjrj;jpy; cs;sfg; ghij 

tiyg;gpd;dy; xd;wpid mgptpUj;jp nra;jy;. ,J 

tptrha r%fj;jpw;F ghupastpy; gadspf;Fk;. 

kfh Xah> nffpupN`d> jg;gy;nghy kw;Wk; rkfpGu 

fpuhk Nritahsu; gpupTfSf;Fj; Njitahd 

ifj;njhopy; ePu;j; Njitapidg; g+u;j;jp nra;tjw;F 

Foha; ePu; toq;fy;. 

gpuNjrj;jpy; ghlrhiyfs; kw;Wk; itj;jparhiyfspd; 

mgptpUj;jp. 

gpuNjrj;jpYs;s cs;Su; kf;fSf;F Neub kw;Wk; 

kiwKf njhopy; tha;g;Gf;fid toq;Fjy;. 

uk;Gf;fd; Xah ePu;j;Njf;fk; 

epjp %yk; 



&. 2,500 kpy;ypad; 

,yq;if murhq;fj; jpdhy; 

epjpaPl;lk; nra;ag;glTs;sJ 

Kd;nkhopag;gl;Ls;s uk;Gf;fd; Xah ePu;j;Njf;ff; fUj;jpl;lkhdJ fpof;F 

khfhzj;jpd; mk;ghiw khtl;lj;jpy; kfh Xah gpuNjr nrayhsu; 

gpuptpy; mike;Js;sJ. Ke;njdp Mw;wpd; fpis Mwhf uk;Gf;fd; 

XahTf;Ff; FWf;Nf ,t;tizf;fl;lhdJ epu;khzpf;fg;gl cs;sJ. 

,jd; fPo; 75 kpy;ypad; fd kPw;wu; nfhs;ssitf; nfhz;l ePu;j;Njf;fk; 

epu;khzpf;fg;gLk;. 



n ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpw;fhd epu;khzg; gzpfs; Vw;fdNt Muk;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. 

n mizf;fl;L mbj;js epu;khzg; gzpfs; eilngWfpd;wd. 

Mz;L 2010 

mk;ghiw khtl;lj;jpy; 

cs;Su; r%fq;fSf;fhd 

rpwe;j tho;thjhuk; 

n ghij tiyg;gpd;dy; mgptpUj;jp Vw;fdNt g+u;j;jp nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd. 

n nghwpapayhsu;fs; cl;gl Njitahd gjtpazpapdu; Ml;Nru;g;Gr; nra;ag;gl;Ls;sdu;. 

n nraw;jpl;l mYtyfk; kw;Wk; tjptpl tpLjpfspd; epu;khzg; gzpfs; eilngWfpd;wd.

nghJ kf;fSf;F ePu; gw;whf;Fiwapdhy; Vw;gLk; 

ghjpg;gpidf; Fiwg;gjw;F ehl;bYs;s ePu; toq;fiy 

Nkk;gLj;JtJk; ePu;j; njhlu;ghd KjyPLfspd; 

gad;jd;ikapid mjpfupg;gJk; ,j;jpl;lj;jpd; 

Nehf;fkhFk;. 

nraw; jpl;lkhdJ gpd;tUk; gpujhd tFjpfisf; 

nfhz;Ls;sJ: 

n mizg; ghJfhg;G cWjpg;ghL kw;Wk; 

nraw;ghl;L tpidj;jpwd; 

n ePu; - fhyepiy jfty; Kiwik 

n gy;Jiw ePu; %yq;fspd; jpl;lkply; 

mizg; ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; nraw;ghl;L tpidj;jpwd; 

n mbg;gilg; ghJfhg;G Njitg;ghLfis 

toq;fy; kw;Wk; 80 ghupa mizfspidf; 

fz;fhzpj;jy;. 

n ePu;g;ghrdj; jpizf;fsj;jpd; 16 ghupa mizfSf;fhd 

khw;Wg; gzpfSk;> kfhtyp mjpfhu 

rigapd; 11> ,yq;if kpd;rhu rigapd; 

4 kw;Wk; Njrpa ePu; toq;fy; kw;Wk; tbfhyikg;Gr; 

rigapd; 1 mizf;fl;L. 

n 48 mizf;fl;LfSf;fhd Mgj;J kjpg;gPLfs;. 

ePu; - fhyepiyapay; jfty; Kiwik 

n 50 ePu; - fhyepiyapay; epiyaq;fspid 

jhgpj;jYk; Nkk;gLj;jYk;. 

n ePu;g;ghrd jpizf;fsj;jpd; ePupay; juT 

tq;fpapid Nkk;gLj;jy;. 

gy;Jiw ePu; toq;fy; jpl;lkply; 

n Njrpa ePu; gad;ghl;L gpujhd jpl;lj;jpidj; 

jahupj;jy;. 

n kfhtyp mgptpUj;jpj; jpl;lj;jpid Nkk;gLj;jy;. 

mizf;fl;L ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; 

ePu; Kfhikj;Jtk; 

epjp %yk; 

cs;@H 



&. 261.3 kpy;ypad; 

ntspehL: 

&. 6>820 kpy;ypad; 

mDruiz: cyf tq;fp 


Mz;L 2011 

&. 7,400 

kpy;ypad; 

ntspehl;L cjtp kw;Wk; cs;Su; MNyhridAld; fUj;jpl;lj; jahupg;G 

g+u;j;jpaile;Js;sJ. 

Muk;g nraw;jpl;l MW tUl fhyg;gFjpahdJ nraw;jpl;lj;jpid 

Jupjg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf Ntz;b ehd;F tUlq;fshf Fiwf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. 

ue;njhu Njrpa cl;fl;likg;G trjpfs; mgptpUj;jp epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk; - ePh;g;ghrdk; 77

78 

nkhuf`fe;ij kw;wk; fSfq;if 

mgptpUj;jp 

,j;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; khj;jis khtl;lj;jpy; vyù 

kw;Wk; ehTy gpuNjr nrayhsu; gpupTfspy; mk;gd; 

fq;ifapid ClWj;J ,e;j ePu;j;Njf;fkhdJ 

epu;khzpf;fg;gLk;. gy;Ny kiyapy; mk;gd; fq;ifapd; 

fpis ejpahd fS fq;ifapid FWf;fWj;J 

,j;jpl;lj;jpd; ,uz;lhtJ ePu;j; Njf;fj;jpw;fhd 

mizf;fl;L epu;khzpf;fg;gLk;. nkhuf`fe;ij 

ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpypUe;J fSfq;if ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpw;fhd 

Ruq;f topnahd;W tbtikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. 

fUj;jpl;lkhdJ 3 gpujhd fl;lq;fisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ: 

n fl;lk; (1) - nkhf`fe;ij mizf;fl;L 

kw;Wk; ePu;j;Njf;f epu;khzk; 

n fl;lk; (2) - fSfq;if ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpid 


n fl;lk; (3) - ePu;g; ghJfhg;G Kiwik 

Gjpjhf 3>000 n`f;lau; epyk; gapu;r;nra;iff;F 

cl;gLtNjhL ngUk; Nghfj;jpy; gapu; nra;af;$ba 

epyg;gug;ghdJ> 81>500 n`f;lau; tiuapYk; 

rpWNghfj;jpy; gapu; nra;af;$ba epyg;gug;ghdJ 

68>500 n`f;lau; tiuapYk; mjpfupf;Fk;. 

khj;jis> mEuhjGuk;> jpUNfhzkiy> 

nghyd;dWit Nghd;w gpuNjrq;fSf;F FbePu; 

kw;Wk; ifj;njhopy;fSf;Fj; Njitahd 

ePu;tpepNahfj;ij ngw;Wf; nfhLf;f KbAk;. 

Njrpa kpd;fl;likg;Gf;F Gjpjhf 20 nkfhNthl;]; 

kpd;rhuj;ijr; Nru;j;jy;. 

ed;dPu; kPd;tsu;g;G cw;gj;jpahdJ tUlhe;jk; 4>500 

nk.njhd;dpdhy; mjpfupj;jy;. 

cs;Su; re;ijfSf;fhd tptrha cw;gj;jpfspd; 

80>000 nk.njhd;id Nru;j;jy;. 

tptrhaky;yhj; Jiwfspy; 1>450 epiyahd 

njhopy; tha;g;igg; ngw;Wf; nfhLj;jy;. 



&. 48,950 

kpy;ypad; 

epjp %yk; 

cs;@H 

&. 7>040 kpy;ypad; 


&. 1>600 kpy;ypad; 

ntspehL: 

&. 18>370 kpy;ypad; - nkhuf`fe;ij mgptpUj;jpf;fhf ru;tNjr 

xj;Jiog;Gf;fhd [g;ghd; tq;fp (N[gPIrp) ,dhy; mDruiz toq;fg;gl;lJ. 

&. 23>540 kpy;ypad; - fSfq;if mgptpUj;jpf;fhf Fitj; 

murhq;fj;jpdhy; mDruiz toq;fg;gl;lJ. 

n fhzp RtPfupg;G eltbf;iffs; ,lk;ngw;W tUfpd;wd. 2664 FLk;gq;fs; 

kPs; FbNaw;wg;gl;Ls;sd (nkhuf`fe;ij - 1997> fSfq;if - 667). 

n 6 fp.kP. ePskhd ghij epu;khzpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. 

Mz;L 2013 

n epu;khz ,lj;jpid miltjw;F fSfq;iff;F FWf;fhf ghynkhd;W 

epu;khzpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

n fy;tp KjyPL &. 32,370.5 kpy;ypad; 

fy;tp kw;Wk; 

Rfhjhuk; 

n Rfhjhuk; KjyPL &. 21,715 kpy;ypad; 

ue;njhu Njrpa cl;fl;likg;G trjpfs; mgptpUj;jp epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk; - fy;tp kw;Wk; Rfhjhuk;; 79

80 

Mz;L 2008 

eNthjah ghlrhiy 

KjyPLfs; 

&. 32,370.5 kpy;ypad; 

Mz;L 2008 

tlf;F> njw;F kw;Wk; fpof;F khfhzq;fspy; 

cs;s cau;fy;tp epWtdq;fis 

Gduikj;jYk; Gdu;epu;khzk; nra;jYk; 

Mz;L 2009 

kl;lf;Fsp kw;Wk; yGJt cau; njhopy;El;g 

epWtfq;fis Nkk;gLj;jYk; juKau;j;jYk; 

Mz;L 2011 

njhopy;El;g fy;tp mgptpUj;jp 

Mz;L 2012 

njd;fpof;Fg; gy;fiyf;fofk; 

Mz;L 2013 

,RW fy;Y}up 

fy;tp 

ue;njhu Njrpa cl;fl;likg;G trjpfs; mgptpUj;jp epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk; - fy;tp kw;Wk; Rfhjhuk;; 

%yk;: gy;fiyf;fof khdpa Mizf;FO

hjfkhd gq;fspg;G 

rpwe;j jpwd;fs; 

rpwe;j rpe;jidg;ghq;F 

jw;nghOJ mur Jiw %d;whk; epiy fy;tp 

mDkjp tpfpjkhdJ 5% MFk;. ,tw;wpy; 3% 

MdJ gy;fiyf;fof mDkjpahfTk; kpFjp 2% 

MdJ tho;f;ifj; njhopy; kw;Wk; njhopy;El;gg; 

gapw;rp epWtfq;fspy; ngwg;gLk; mDkjpahfTk; 

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,isQu;fspy; mjpf vz;zpf;if 

apyhNdhUf;F mjpfkhd fy;tp kw;Wk; gapw;rp 

tha;g;Gf;fspid toq;Fk; tifapy; %d;whk; 

epiyf; fy;tpapid mile;J nfhs;tij 

mjpfupf;Fk; tifapy; murhq;f nfhs;if fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. 

vjpu;ghuhj tifapy;> fy;tp fw;wtu;fSf;F 

kj;jpapy; Ntiyapd;ik tpfpjk; mjpfkhff; 

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jw;fhd Kf;fpa fhuzk; 

gy;fiyf;fofq;fs; kw;Wk; njhopy;El;gf; fy;Y}upfs; 

ghlnewpfs; toq;fy;fis Vw;gLj;jpa NghJk; 

nghUshjhu jhf;fq;fSf;F cfe;jdthf 

,y;yhikNa MFk;. vdNt> ghlnewpfspd; juj;ij 

Nkk;gLj;jtjw;F mjpf Kf;fpaj;jtk; toq;f 

Ntz;bAs;sJ. ,J ,sk; gl;ljhupfspd; 

Ntiytha;g;G ngWtjw;fhd Mw;wypid mjpfupg;gjw;F 

gq;fspg;Gr; nra;Ak;. ifj;njhopy; kw;Wk; 

nghUshjhu Njitfisf; fUj;jpw; nfhz;L etPd 

njhopy;El;g cgfuzk; cs;slq;fyhf ghltpjhd 

mgptpUj;jp> Mrpupau; gapw;rp kw;Wk; cl;fl;likg;G 

Njitg;ghLfs; Nghd;wtw;wpD}lhf gjpa gl;lg;gbg;G 

epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fspd; mwpKfk; kw;Wk; 

jw;nghOjpUf;Fk; epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fspd; juj;jpid 

Nkk;gLj;jy; vd;gd gl;ljhupfspd; Ntiytha;g;G 

Mw;wypid Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;Fj; NjitahFk;. 

rpwe;j kNdhghq;F 

vdNt> cau;fy;tp epWtdq;fspd; mgptpUj;jpAk; 

mjd; Nfs;tpj;Njit kpf;f gl;lg;gbg;G 

epfo;r;rpfSf;fhd Cf;Ftpg;Gk; vkJ gpuirfSf;F 

,d;Ws;s Njitg;ghl;bid g+u;j;jp nra;tjpy; kpfTk; 

Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. 

jw;nghOjpUf;Fk; fy;tp epWtdq;fis juk; 

cau;j;JtjD}lhf cau; fy;tp tha;g;Gf;fspid 

toq;Ftjd; %yKk; fpuhkg;Gwq;fspy; Gjpa 

epiyaq;fisj; jhgpg;gjd; %yKk; murhq;fj;jpd; 

vjpu;ghu;g;ghdJ cau;fy;tp tha;g;Gf;fis mjpfug;gJ 

khj;jpuky;y khwhf gy jrhg;j fhyq;fshf 

cjhrPdk; nra;ag;gl;bUe;j fpuhkpa gpuNjrq;fspy; 

KOikahd r%f nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpia 

Vw;gLj;JtJk; mjd; vjpu;ghu;g;ghFk;. rpy 

khfhzq;fspy; KO nkhj;j r%f nghUshjhu 

tplaq;fSk; Nkhrkhd epiyapy; cs;sJld; 

Aj; jj; jpdhYk; RdhkpapdhYk; NkYk; 

ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. gapw;wg;gl;l cau; njhopy; 

GupQu;fs; kw;Wk; murhq;f Nrit vd;gtw;wpy; 

ghupa gw;whf;Fiw epyTtJld; nghJthd ghjpg;G 

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. njhopw;jpwd; gw;whf;Fiwapd; 

fhuzkhf cau;fy;tp kw;Wk; ,isQu; 

Ntiytha;g;G vd;gtw;Wf;fhd gapw;rp trjpfs; 

kpfTk; Fiwthff; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,e;jg; 

gpd;dzpapy;> %d;whk; epiyf; fy;tpapy; 

fUj;jpl;lq;fis ,dk; fhz;gJ Nkw;nrhd; 

gpur;rpidfSf;fhd jPu;T fhz;gjw;F gq;fspg;Gr; 

nra;Ak; 

ue;njhu Njrpa cl;fl;likg;G trjpfs; m-gptpUj;jp epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk; - fy;tp kw;Wk; Rfhjhuk;; 81

cau;jukhd fy;tpia mspg;gjpy; cs;s gpuhe;jpa 

Vw;wj;jho;T kw;Wk; efu;g;Gwq;fspy; gpugy;akhd ghlrhiy 

fSf;F rpWtu;fisr; Nru;g;gjw;fhd mjpfupj;j Nfs;tpiaf; 

Fiwg;gJNk ,j;jpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fkhFk;. 

Muk;gj;jpy; ehL g+uhfTk; 346 ghlrhiyfs; njupT 

nra;ag;gl;L eNthjah ghlrhiyfshf juk; cau;j;jg;gl;ld. 

(1 AB). ,g;ghlrhiyfSf;Fj; Njitahd cl;fl;likg;G 

trjpfshd fl;blq;fs;> jsghlq;fs; kw;Wk; 

fw;gpj;jy; cgfuzq;fs; Kd;Dupik mbg;gilapy; ngw;Wf; 

nfhLf;fg;gl;ld. 

epjp %yk; 

cs;@H 

&. 8>450 kpy;ypad; 2008 tiu 



82 

ehL g+uhfTk; 504 ghlrhiyfd; rfy trjpfSlDk; 

cgfuzq;fSlDk; juk; cau;j;jg;gLk;. 

khztu;fSf;F rpwe;j fw;wy; #oiyg; ngw;Wf; 

nfhLf;Fk; Nehf;Fld; juk; cau;j;jg;gl;l 

ghlrhiyfspd; trjpfs; Nkk;gLj;jgg;gLk;. 

,j;jpl;lk; mKy;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sjdhy; ,g;ghlrhiyfspd; 

fy;tpj; jukhdJ Nkk;ghlilAk;.. 

eNthjah ghlrhiy 



Mz;L 2008 

&. 8,450 kpy;ypad; 

Njitahd rfy trjpfSk; mspf;fg;gl;L 504 ghlrhiyfs; 

juKau;j;jg;gl;Ls;sd.

tlf;F> njw;F kw;Wk; fpof;F khfhzq;fspy; 

cs;s cau;fy;tp epWtdq;fis 

Gduikj;jYk; Gdu;epu;khzk; nra;jYk; 

2004 Mk; Mz;L brk;gupy; ,lk;ngw;w Rdhkpapdhy; gy;fiyf; 

fofq;fs;> cau; njhopy;El;gf;fy;tp epWtfq;fs; cl;gl 

cau;fy;tp epiyaq;fs; Nrjkile;jd. 

Gpd;tUk; cau;fy;tp epWtdq;fs; Gduikg;G kw;Wk; Gdu; 

epu;khzk; nra;tjw;F vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wd. 

gy;fiyf;fof fl;blq;fs;: 

U`_Z gy;fiyf;fofj;jpd; kUj;JtgPl tpLjpf; fl;blk; 

aho;. Gy;fiyf;fofj;jpd; kUj;JtgPl tpLjpf; fl;blk; 

fpof;F gy;fiyf;fofj;jpd; jfty; njhopy;El;g epiyak; 

njd;fpof;F gy;fiyf;fofj;jpd; jfty; njhopy;El;g epiyak; 

cau;njhopy;El;g epWtfq;fs; (c.njh.ep) 

- c.njh.ep. - yGJt - fhyp 

- c.njh.ep. - mk;ghiw 

- c.njh.ep. - jpUNfhzkiy 

- c.njh.ep. - aho;g;ghzk; 

,j;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; cau; njhopy;El;g epWtdq;fSf;Fj; 

Njitahd cgfuzq;fs; kw;Wk; fl;blq;fspd; epu;khzj;jpw;Fj; 

Njitahd trjpfs; ngw;Wf; nfhLf;fg;gLk;. 

,j;jpl;lkhdJ Njrpa gy;fiyf;fofq;fis 

cWjpg;gLj;JtNjhL Nky; $wg;gl;l gy;fiyf; 

fofq;fSf;fhd cs;thq;fg;gLk; khztu;fspd; 

vz;zpf;ifiak; mjpfupf;Fk;. 

njupT nra;ag;gl;Ls;s gy;fiyf;fofq;fspy; Gjpa 

tpLjpfs; epu;khzpf;fg;gLtjdhy; $ba khztu;fs; 

tpLjp trjpiag; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tu;. ,J rpwe;j 

fw;wy; #oiy ngw;Wf; nfhLf;Fk;. 

njw;F kw;Wk; fpof;F gy;fiyf;fofq;fs; kw;Wk; 

cau; njhopy;El;g epWtfq;fspy; fw;Fk; 

khztu;fspd; jfty; njhopy;El;g trjpfs; tpupTgLj;jg;gLk;. 

njhopy; re;ijf;Fj; Njitahd mwpTld; $ba 

jpwd; tha;e;j Ntiyg; gilia ,j;jpl;lj;jpd; 

%yk; ntspNaw;wyhk;. mJ fw;w ,isQu;fs; 

kj;jpapy; Ntiyapy;yhg; gpur;rpidiaf; Fiwf;Fk;. 

epjp %yk; 

cs;@H 

&. 357.5 kpy;ypad; 



ntspehL: 

&. 1>430 kpy;ypad; 

Fitj; muR 


n epu;khzg; gzpfs; ,lk;ngw;Wf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. 

Mz;L 2008 

&. 1,787.5 kpy;ypad; 

n ,j; jpl;lkhdJ 2008 Mk; Mz;by; g+uzg;gLj;jg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. 


84 

kl;lf;Fsp kw;Wk; yGJt cau; 

njhopy;El;g epWtfq;fis 

Nkk;gLj;jYk; juKau;j;jYk; 

yGJt kw;Wk; kl;lf;Fsp cau;njhopy; el;g epWtdq;fs; 

Nghl;bj;jd;ik kpf;f njhopy;El;gtpaw; fy;tpapy; rpwe;j 

mwpT epiyaq;fshf khw;wg;glTs;sd. kdpjtsj; 

Njitg;ghLgu];gu tpNrl epGzj;Jtk; vd;gtw;wpid 

ghupastpy; epiwNtw;Wtjw;F ,uz;L epWtdq;fspdJk; 

,aysT mjpfupf;fg;gLk;. 

ru;tNjr juq;fisg; NgZk; tifapy; ifj;njhopy; 

Jiwapid Nkk;gLj;jtjpy; rthy;fSf;F Kfk; 

nfhLg;gjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd cau; njhopy;El;gj; jpwd; 

kpf;f gl;ljhupfspd; vz;zpf;ifia ,J mjpfupf;Fk;. 

njhopy;El;gf; fy;tpj; Jiwapy; jFjp mbg;gilapyhd 

mZFKiwia mwpkfg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; cs;thq;Ftjw;Fkhd 

xU Ntiyr; rl;lfk; mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;gLk;. 

,e;Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf fy;tpj; juq;fs; kw;Wk; guPl;ir 

Kiwfs; kw;Wk; kjpg;gPl;L %yfq;fs; mgptpUj;jp 

nra;ag;gLk;.; 

,e;j cau; njhopy;El;gtpay; epiyaq;fspy; tsg; 

gad;ghLk; epiyahd jd;ikAk; tUkhd tsu;r;rp 

cghaq;fs;> nrytpd mwtPl;L eltbf;iffs; kw;Wk; 

tsq;fis mjp$ba mstpy; gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhd tsg; 

gad;ghl;Lj; jpl;lq;fs; vd;gtw;wpD}lhf ifj;njhopYld; 

gq;fhz;ikfisr; Nru;j;Jf; nfhs;tjd; %yk; 

milag;gl KbAkhd tifapy; Nkk;gLj;jg;gLk;. 



&. 3,713 kpy;ypad; 

ifj;njhopy; mgptpUj;jpapy; mjpAau; njhopy; El;g 

cgfuzk; kw;Wk; Kiwikfspd; gpuNahfkhdJ 

njhlu;e;J tsu;r;;rpaile;J tUfpd;wJ. ,J Fwpj;j 

njhopy; El;gj;jpid ifj;njhopy; cyfj;jpy; 

KOtJkhf cs;slf;fpAs;sJ. ,e;jj; Jiwfspy; 

jpwik kpf;f kdpj tsj;jpw;fhd Njit> tho;f;ifj; 

njhopy; kw;Wk; njhopy;El;gf; fy;tpj; Jiwapy; ghupa 

rthy;fis vjpu;nfhz;Ls;sJ. kl;lf;Fsp kw;Wk; 

yGJit cau; njhopy; El;g epWtfq;fspy; gapw;rp 

trjpfis Nkk;gLj;JtJ> ifj;njhopy;> jdpahu; kw;Wk; 

mur Jiwapy; mgptpUj;jpf;F xj;Jiof;Fk; jpwikkpf;f 

Ntiyg;gil xd;wpidj; jahu;gLj;JtJ murhq;fj;jpd; 

gpujhd cghaq;fspy; xd;whFk;. vdNt> ,e;j cau; 

njhopy;El;g epWtfq;fspid njhopy; El;gf; fy;tpj; 

Jiwapy; Nghl;bj; jd;ikkpf;f mjpjpwd; nfhz;l fy;tp 

epiyaq;fshf khw;Wtjw;F vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. 

epjp %yk; 

cs;@H 

&. 742.5 kpy;ypad; 



ntspehL: 

&. 2>970 kpy;ypad; 

mT];jpNuypa murhq;fk; kw;Wk; neju;yhe;J 

murhq;fj;jpdhy; nghWg;Ngw;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. 

n ghltpjhdr; rPuhf;fq;fs; Vw;fdNt Muk;gpf;fg;gl;L ,t;thz;Lf;Fs; 

KbtilAk;. 

n xU njhopy;El;g Kd;nkhopT jahupf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. 

Mz;L 2009 

n 2008 Mk; Mz;L Muk;gj;jpy; ed;nfhilahsu;fSld; xg;ge;jk; nra;tjw;F 


ehl;bd; nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpia Nkk;gLj;jtjpy; ghupa 

rpf;fy;fs; ,dk; fhzg;gl;Ls;sd. Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l tpNrl 

njhopy; El;g gpd;dzpf;Fj; Njitahd jiyikj;Jt kw;Wk; 

Kfhikj;Jt epGzj;Jtj;jpid toq;ff; $ba nghUj;jkhd 

jFjpaila tsthsu;fspd; gw;whf;Fiw fhzg;gLfpwJ. 

vt;thwhapDk;> jw;nghOJ f.ngh.j.rh/j. kw;Wk; c/j. jifik 

ngw; ;wtu;fSf;fpilapy; fhzg;gLk; Ntiyapd;ikf;F khwhf 

Ntiy tha;g;gpw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd kNdh epiyapidf; nfhz;l 

cau; jpwik kpf;f Copau;fSk; ehl;bw;Fj; Njitg;gLfpd;wdH. 

murhq;fj;jpdhy; toq;fg;gLk; Njrpa tho;f;ifj; njhopw; 

jifik (NVQ) Kiwik Njrpa fy;tp KiwikapypUe;J 

tpyFk; f.ngh.j.rh/.j. kw;Wk; c/j khztu;fSf;F rpwe;j 

re;ju;g;gj;jpid toq;Ffpd;wJld; njhopy;El;gk; rhu;e;j 

njhopy;fspd; ghy; ,l;Lr; nry;yf; $ba cau; fy;tpapid 

ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAkhd Ntiy tha;g;gpy; mjd; milT> njhlu;Gj; 

jd;ik kw;Wk; nraw;wpwd; vd;gtw;iw Nkk;gLj;Jtjhf 

cs;sJ. Njrpa tho;f;ifj; njhopy; jifik Kiwik 

ghlnewpfspd; 5> 6 kw;Wk; 7 Mk; kl;lq;fspid (jpg;Nshkh> 

cau; jpg;Nshkh kw;Wk; gl;lg;gbg;G) elhj;Jtjw;F njhopy; 

El;gf; fy;Y}up kw;Wk; tho;f;ifj; njhopy; El;gtpay; 

gy;fiyf;fofk; vd;gtw;iwj; jhgpg;gjw;F fUj;jpl;lkhdJ 


Nfs;tp kpf;f njhopy;El;g Jiwfspy; gy;fiyf; 

fof gl;lnkhd;wpidg; ngWtjw;fhfg; gapYk; 

khztu;fSf;fhd khw;W topKiwfs; 

Tho;f;ifj; njhopy;El;gtpaYf;fhd gy;fiyf; 

fofnkhd;wpidj; jhgpj;jy; 

mLj;j 15 tUlq;fspy; 22>700 gl;ljhupfspid 

cUthf;Fjy; 

njhopy; El;gtpaw; fy;Y}upfspd; kl;lj;jpw;F 

njhopy;El;gf; fy;Y}upfis juKau;j;Jjy; 

(khfhznkhd;wpypUe;J xd;W vd;wthW) 

kUjhid> gJis> ,uj;jpdGup> fz;b> mEuhjGuk; 

kw;Wk; FUehfypYs;s njhopy;El;gf; fy;Y}upfis 

juKau;j;jy;. 

tho;f;ifj; njhopy; kw;Wk; njhopy; El;gg; gapw;rp 

mikr;rpid cWjpg;gLj;JtJld;> etPd cgfuzq;fis 

toq;Fjy; kw;Wk; cs;Su; ntspehl;Lg; 

gapw;rpf;fhf fy;tp> fy;tprhuhg; gjtpapdiu mDg;- 

Gjy; vd;gtw;wpD}lhf mikr;rpd; fPo; cs;s 

epWtdq;fis mgptpUj;jp nra;jy;. 

njhopy;El;gf; fy;tp kw;Wk; gapw;rpj; jpizf;fsk; 

,yq;ifj; Njrpa njhopy; El;gf; fy;tp epWtfk;> 

Njrpa njhopw; gapw;rp kd;wk; kw;Wk; ifj;njhopy; 

gapw;rp mjpfhu rig vd;gtw;wpd; fy;tp kw;Wk; 

fy;tprhuh mYtyu;fspd; Mw;wypid ntspehL 

kw;Wk; cs;Su; gapw;rpfspd; %yk; Nkk;gLj;Jjy;. 

njhopy;El;g fy;tp mgptpUj;jp 


epjp %yk; 

cs;@H 




ntspehL: 

&. 2>200 kpy;ypad; 

Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fp 

&. 2>670 kpy;ypad; 

n cj;Njr njhopy;El;gtpay;> gy;fiyf; fof epu;khzg; gzpfs; Vw;fdNt 

Muk;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJld;> 2007 Mk; Mz;bd; ,wjpapy; g+u;j;jp nra;ag;gLk;. 

n tho;f;ifj; njhopy; kw;Wk; njhopy; El;gg; gapw;rp mikr;rpdhy; 2008 Mk; 

Mz;bd; Muk;gj;jpy; fy;tpg; gzpfis Muk;gpg;gjw;F vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. 

n njhopy;El;gtpay; gl;lg;gbg;g epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lj;jpw;fhd ghltpjhdq;fisj; 

jahupg;gJ Muk;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. 

n njhopy;El;gtpay; fy;Y}upfisj; jhgpg;gjw;fhd Ntiyfis Muk;gpf;FkhW 

kjpAiug; Nguitfs; Nfhug;gl;Ls;sd. 

n cghaj; jpl;lq;fs; Vw;fdNt jahupf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. 

Mz;L 2011 


86 

epjp %yk; 

cs;@H 

&. 3>430 kpy;ypad; 



ntspehL: 


mDruiz: Fitj; murhq;fk; 

fpof;F khfhzj;jpw;fhd midj;J trjpfisAk; 

cs;slf;fpa gy;fiyf;fofnkhd;W cUthf;-fg; ;gLtJ 

fpuhkg;Gwq;fspy; thOk; khztu;fSf;F cau; fy;tpiag; 

ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; tha;g;ig toq;FtJld;> 

Nfs;tpkpf;f gl;lg;gbg;Gf;fis fw;gjw;fhd tha;g;Gf;fis 

mtu;fSf;F toq;FtJld; kw;Wk; ,aystpid 

mjpfupj;jy;. 

,g;gpuhe;jpaj;jpYs;s khztu;fSs; Nkyjpfkhf 2.000 

Ngu; gy;fiyf;foff; fy;tpapidg; ngw;Wf; 

nfhs;tjw;fhd tha;g;gpidg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;fpd;wdu;. 

,f;fUj;jpl;lk; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;ljd; gpd;du; nkhj;j 

khztu;fspd; njhif 5>000 Mf ,Uf;Fk;. 

cj;Njr mgptpUj;jpahdJ> fpof;Fg; gpuNjrj;jpy; 

njhiyf; fy;tpapid Nkk;gLj;Jtjhf ,Uf;Fk;. 

njhopw; re;ijj; Njitg;ghLfspid eptu;j;jp nra;Ak; 

tifapy; jpwikkpf;f mwpTila Ntiyg;gil 

xd;wpid cUthf;Ftjw;F ,f;fUj;jpl;lk; cjtpahf 

,Uf;Fk;. ,jd; %yk; fpof;F khfhzj;jpy; 

Ntiyapd;ik tPjk; Fiwtila tha;g;Ngw;gLk;. 

gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; nghUshjhur; nraw;ghLfSk; mgptpUj;jpr; 

nray;KiwfSk; Nkk;gLj;jg;gLk;. 

njd;fpof;Fg; gy;fiyf;fofk; 



Mz;L 2012 

&. 4,200 

kpy;ypad; 

rptpy; gpzf;FfspdhYk; kw;Wk; RdhkpapdhYk; ghjpf;fg;gl;l fpof;F khfhzj;jpw;F 

%d;whk; epiyf; fy;tpapid toq;FtNj ,j;jpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fkhFk;. ,J 

murhq;fj;jpd; ‘k`pe;j rpe;jid’ 10 tUl mgptpUj;jp Ntiyr; rl;lfj;Jld; 

,ize;j gpuhe;jpa mgptpUj;jpf;fhd xU Clfkhf njhopw;gLfpd;wJ. njd;fpof;Fg; 

gy;fiyf; fofkhdJ Fiwe;j cl;fl;likg;G kw;Wk; gpw trjpfSld; 1995 ,y; 

Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lJ. Rdhkp kw;Wk; mz;ikapy; Vw;gl;l nts;sg;ngUf;F 

vd;gtw;wpdhy; gy;fiyf; fof ngsjPf kw;Wk; fw;wy; #oy; ghjpg;gile;Js;sJ. 

,J mjd; njhopw;ghl;L ,aystpidf; Fiwtilar; nra;Js;sJ. vdNt> 

ftu;r;rpfukhd Gjpa tshfnkhd;W tbtikf;fg;gl;L epu;khzpf;fg;gl 

Ntz;bAs;sJ. 

n Fitj; murhq;fj;Jld; fld; cld;gbf;if ifr;rhj;jplg;gl;Ls;sJ. 

n nraw;jpl;l Kfhik mynfhd;W cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. 

n Kf;fpakhd mYtyu;fisr; Nru;j;Jf; nfhs;Sk; kw;Wk; nghUl;fisAk; 

NritfisAk; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;Fj; Njitahd Mtzq;fs; jahupf;fg;gl;L 

tUfpd;wd.

epjp %yk; 

cs;@H 

&. 2>750 kpy;ypad; 



ntspehL: 

&. 8>800 kpy;ypad; 

&. 11,550 kpy;ypad; 

ehl;bd; kpfTk; tWik kl;lj;jpd; fPo; cs;s gpuNjr 

nrayhsu; gpupTfspy; cs;s 150 ghlrhiyfspy; fy;tp 

fw;Fk; khztu;fs; ,jdhy; ed;ikailtu;. 

Kf;fpa ghlq;fspy; Mq;fpy nkhop> jfty; njhopy;- 

El;gk; kw;Wk; njhopy;El;gg; ghlq;fspy; cau;jukhd 

fw;gpj;jy; ,lk;ngWk;. 

jFjp mbg;gilapy; fy;tpapy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; 

kWrPuhf;fq;fspdhy; fy;tp fw;wy; nray;Kiwapid 

kpfTk; gpujpgyidj; juf; $baJk; kw;Wk; eilKiwr; 

rhj;jpakhdjhfTk; khw;Wk;. 

cau; njhopy;El;gf; fy;tp epWtfq;fspd; juk; 

cau;j;jyhdJ ru;tNjr kw;Wk; cs;ehl;Lf; ifj;njhopy; 

JiwahdJ vjpu; Nehf;Fk; Kd;Ndw;wfukhd 

rthy;fSf;F Kfk; nfhLf;ff; $ba njhopy; uPjpahd 

gl;ljhupfis cUthf;Fk;. 

10>600 Mrpupau;fSf;fhd Muk;g fzdp mwpT> 2>125 

ghlrhiyfSf;F 6>000 fzdpfs;> 2>000 mr;Rg; gpujp 

,ae;jpuq;fs; kw;Wk; ,d;lu;new; trjpfs; nra;J 

nfhLf;fg;gLtjdhy; jfty; njhopy;El;g mwpthdJ 

Nkk;gLk;. 

18>000 Mrpupau;fs; jFjp mbg;gilapyhd fy;tp kjpg;gPL 

kw;Wk; 7>000 Mq;fpy Mrpupau;fs; gapw;rpaspf;fg;gLtjdhy; 

fy;tpapd; jukhdJ mjpfupf;Fk;. 

ehl;by; fhzg;gLk; 325 epu;thf gpuNjr nrayfg; gpupTfspYk; mit xt;nthd;wpypUe;Jk; 

njupT nra;ag;gl;l xU ,ilepiyg; ghlrhiyahdJ rfy trjpfSlDk; $ba 

ghlrhiyahf juKau;j;Jk; murhq;fj;jpd; cghaj;jpw;F ,J cjtpahf ,Uf;Fk;. 

njupT nra;ag;gl;l ghlrhiyfSf;F Ma;T$l trjpfs;> jfty; njhopy;El;g $lk;> 

gy;NtW njhlu;G rhjdq;fs;> kidapay; $lk;> tpisahl;L trjpfs;> ePu; tpepNahfk; 

kw;Wk; Jg;GuTf; Vw; ;ghL kw;Wk; kdpj tsq;fs; cl;gl midj;Jj; Njitahd 

cl;fl;likg;G trjpfSk; ngw;Wf; nfhLf;fg;gLk;. ,J efu;g;Gwq;fspy; cs;s gpugy;akhd 

ghlrhiyfSf;fhd khztu; mDkjpf;fhd Nghl;biaf; Fiwf;Fk;. 

Mq;fpy nkhop %ykhd fw;gpj;jy; jiyikafkhf rpwe;j Mq;fpyf; fy;tpf;fhd 

kj;jpa epiyaj;ij mgptpUj;jp nra;tNj ,j;jpl;lj;jpd; ,d;ndhU Nehf;fkhFk;. 


,RW fy;Y}up 

Mz;L 2013 

jifik mbg;gilahd kjpg;gPl;L Kiw kw;Wk; jfty; njhopy; El;g gpuNahfq;fspd; 

mbg;gilapyhd Kd; gapw;rp kw;Wk; Nritapd; Nghjhd gapw;rpfs; Mrpupau;fSf;F 

ngw;Wf; nfhLg;gjw;fhf 18 Njrpa fy;tpapay; fy;Y}upfisAk; kw;Wk; ; 10 Mrpupau; 

gapw;rpf; fy;Y}upfisAk; mgptpUj;jp nra;tJkhFk;. 

n fw;gpl;b> kpdpg;Ng kw;Wk; #upaNtt gpuNjr nrayhsu; gpupTfspy; 3 ,RU 

ghlrhiyfspd; epu;khzg; gzpfs; g+u;j;jp nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd. 

n rpak;gyhz;Lt> upjPkhypaj;j> myghj> ghnjdpa> kj;Jfk> jpUNfhzkiy 

kw;Wk; tTdpah Mfpa gpuNjrq;fspy; 7 fy;Y}upfs; gy;NtW kl;lq;fspy; 

epu;khzpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. 

n 2008 njupT nra;ag;gl;l 60 fy;Y}upfspd; epu;khzg; gzpfs; Muk;gkhFk;. 


88 

Rfhjhuk; 

KjyPLfs; 

&. 21,715 kpy;ypad; 

Mz;L 2009 

ehs cl;nrYj;jw; gha;nghUs; (Nriyd;) 

cw;gj;jp 

Mz;L 2009 

FUehfy; Nghjdh itj;jparhiy 

Mz;L 2010 

mEuhjGu itj;jparhiy 

Mz;L 2010 

nfhupa ,yq;if el;GwT itj;jparhiy> 

nfhlfk - khj;jiw 

Mz;L 2011 

typg;G Neha; rpfpr;irf;fhd %d;whk; epiyf; 

ftdpg;G epiyak; Njrpa itj;jparhiy> 

nfhOk;G 

Mz;L 2011 

`k;ghe;Njhl;il nghJ itj;jparhiy 


%yk;: Rfhjhu eyd;Gup mikr;R

,yFthf mile;J nfhs;s KbAkhd 

rpwe;j jukpf;f Rfhjhug; guhkupg;G 

mwpT kw;Wk; njhopy; 

El;gj;jpy; KjyPL 

Rfhjhukhd tho;T Kiwia 

Nehf;fpa gq;fspg;G 

RgPl;rkpf;f r%fnkhd;wpw;fhd mbg;gilahd 

MNuhf;fpak; kpf;f kdpj tsnkhd;wpidf; fl;b 

vOg;Gk; tifapy; kf;fspy; KjyPL nra;tjw;fhd 

Njitf;F ,yq;if murhq;fkhdJ Kd;Dupik 

toq; fpAs; sJ. tWikf; fhd jP u ; itf; 

fhz;gjw;fhd murhq;fj;jpd; cghaj;jpy; gpujhd 

Nehf;fhdJ> KO rdj;njhifapdJk; mbg;gilj; 

Njitfs; g+u;j;jp nra;ag;gLfpd;wjh vd;gijAk; 

xt;nthU gpuirAk; mtu;fsJ KO cs;shu;e;j 

Mw;wypid mile;J nfhs;tjw;F re;ju;g;gk; 

toq;fg;gl;Ls;sjh vd;gijAk; cWjpg;gLj;JtjhFk;. 

rpwe;j MNuhf;fpakhdJ tWikiaj; 

jzpg;gjpYk; nghUshjhu tsu;r;rpapid 

Nkk;gLj;JtjpYNk jq;fpAs;sJ vd;gJ jw;nghOJ 

nghJthf Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJ. 

Rpwe;j juk; kw;Wk; etPd Rfhjhu eyNdhk;Gifr; 

Nritfs; vd;gtw;wpid ,yFthf mile;J 

nfhs;tjd; %yk; Rfhjhu eyNdhk;gypy; 

xg;Gutpid cWjpg;gLj;jyhdJ> Fiwe;j tUkhdk; 

ngWk; FOf;fs; kw;Wk; ehl;by; kpfTk; 

ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu;fSf;F tpNrl ftdk; nrYj;JtJ 

vd;gd 2007 - 2016 eLj;ju fhyj;jpy; Rfhjhuj; 

Jiwapy; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLj;J Nehf;fg;glTs;sJ. 

mjhtJ> kpy;Nydpak; mgptpUj;jp 

,yf;Ffis miltjw;Fupa fhyg;gFjp. ,jd; 

tpisthf> murhq;f Rfhjhuj; JiwahdJ> vkJ 

gpuirfspd; NjitfSf;F mjpf Kf;fpaj;Jtk; 

mspf;Fk; tifapd; tpistpid mbg;gilahff; 

nfhz;ljhfk; ehl;bw;Fj; Njitahd cr;rg; gaid 

toq;Ftjw;F mu;g;gzj;Jld; cs;sJ. 

k`pe;j rpe;jidapy; mwptpf;fg;gl;l “Rt nrtd 

epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lj;jpd;” fPo; murhq;k; ,ytr Rfhjhu 

Nritapidg; ghJfhg;gjw;F nghWg;ghf;fg;gl;Ls;sJld; 

xt;nthU gpuirAk; jkf;Fupa 

gad;fisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhd cupikiag; 

ghJfhg;gjw;Fk; flikg;gl;Ls;sJ. fpuhkpa 

gpuNjrq;fspy; cg epiyaq;fisAk; Muk;g 

Rfhjhu epiyaq;fisAk; epukhzpf;Fk; NghJ 

nghJ KjyPLfs; Njitg;gLfpd;wd. ,e;epiyaq;fs; 

Kiwahfg; gapw;wg;gl;l mu;g;gzkpf;f 

mYtyu;fisf; nfhz;bUg;gJld; fpuhk - efu 

,ilntspapidf; Fiwf;Fk; tifapy; midj;J 

cgfuzq;fisAk; nfhz;ljhf ,Uf;Fk;. 

,e;Nehf;fj;jpy; njupT nra;ag;gl;l Rfhjhu 

guhkupg;G epWtdq;fs; Njitahd midj;J 

trjpfisAk; nfhz;bUf;Fk;. ,jw;F Nkyhf> 

gad;tYthd kw;Wk; jhq;f KbAkhd njhopy; 

El;gtpaypid mwpKfg;gLj;jtjw;F ,J kpfTk; 

Kf;fpakhdJ vd;gJld; ehl;bd; midj;Jg; 

gpuirfSf;Fk; toq;ff;$ba jukhdJk; 

tpidj;jpwd; kpf;fJkhd Rfhjhu guhkupg;gpid 

mjpfupf;Fk; tifapYk; midj;J mur Rfhjhu 

guhkupg;G KiwikfSk; GJg;gpf;fg;gLk;. 

ue;njhu Njrpa cl;fl;likg;G trjpfs; m-gptpUj;jp epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk; - fy;tp kw;Wk; Rfhjhuk;; 89

,yq;if tUle;NjhWk; Rfhjhu eyNehk;gy; NjitfSf;fhd 

ehs cl;nrYj;jw; gha;nghUs;fs; (gpujhdkhf Nriyd; 

kw;Wk; FSf;NfhR gjhu;j;jk;) ,wf;Fkjpf;fhf 2.5 kpy;. 

I.m.nlhyu; (&gh 282 kpy;.) ,idr; nrytpLfpd;wJ. ehl;by; 

gjhu;j;jg; ghtidapy; nkhj;jj;jpy; Vwf;Fiwa 90% MdJ 

murhq;fj;Jiw Efu;thf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. Fwpg;ghf 

Njhl;lj;JiwapYk; tlf;F fpof;F khfhzq;fspYk; ,jd; 

Njit kpfTk; mjpfkhff; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. jw;nghOJ 

,yq;if gha;nghUs; cw;gj;jp trjpfisg; ngwhJ Kw;W 

KOjhf Nriyd; cw;gj;jp Njitg;ghl;bd; KOg;gFjpAk; 

,wf;Fkjp nra;tjpy; jq;fpAs;sJ. vt;thwhapDk;> cs;Su; 

Njitapidr; rkhspf;Fk; tifapy; cs;Supy; Fwpj;j 

gha;nghUs; cw;gj;jpapid Nkw;nfhs;Sk; tifapy; ,yq;if 

Njitahd njhopy; El;gj;ijg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s cs;sJ. 

,e;jf; fhuzpfisf; fUj;jpw; nfhz;L Rfhjhu eyNdhk;gy; 

kw;Wk; Nghrhf;Fj; Jiw mikr;rhdJ gha;nghUs; cw;gj;jp 

nghwpj;njhFjp xd;wpidj; jhgpg;gjw;F cj;Njrpj;Js;sJ. 

tUlhe;jk; 2.5 kpy;ypad; 

If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyH 

md;dpar; nrythdpapd; Nrkpg;G 

90 

etPd njhopy; El;gq;fSld; $ba ehs 

cl;nrYj;jw; gha;nghUs; (Nriyd;) cw;gj;jpg; 

nghwpj; njhFjpapidAk; ,ae;jpuq;fisAk; 

jhgpg;gJ tuyhw;wpy; Kjy; jlitahFk;. 

ehs cl;nrYj;jw; gha;nghUs; ,wf;Fkjpf;fhf 

tUe;NjhWk; nrytplg;gLk; ntspehl;Lr; 

nryhtzp Vwf;Fiwa 2.5 kpy;. I.m.nlhyu;fs; 

Nrkpg;G. 

Ntiy tha;g;G cUthf;fk; 

ehs cl;nrYj;jw; gha;nghUs; 

(Nriyd;) cw;gj;jp 

ehs cl;nrYj;jw; gha;nghUs; cw;gj;jpf;fhd 

etPd mwpT kw;Wk; njhopy; El;gj;ijg; ngw;Wf; 

nfhs;sy;. 

epjp %yk; 

cs;@H 




&. 1,130 kpy;ypad; 



ntspehL: 


mDruiz: gpuhd;]; murhq;fk; 

rhj;jpats Ma;Tfs; g+u;j;jp nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd. 

njhopw;rhiy fl;LkhdkhdJ 2008 ,y; Muk;gkhFk;. 

Mz;L 2009

FUehfy; Nghjdh itj;jparhiy 

jw;NghJs;s itj;jparhiyahdJ etPd fzdpj; 

njhopy; El;gj;Jld; $ba g+uzkhdnjhU 

itj;jparhiyahf khw;wg;gLk;. ,jw;fhf Gjpa 

kfg;Ngw;W myF> ,ja rj;jpu rpfpr;irg; gpupT> 

tpgj;J kw;Wk; mtru Nritg; gpupT> Njitahd 

Ma;T$lk; kw;Wk; kUj;Jt cgfuzq;fSk; 

toq;fg;gLk;. 

jukhd kUj;Jt Nritfs; kw;Wk; ,ltrjpfSld; 

$ba kfg;Ngw;W Rfhjhu Nritfs; ngw;Wf; 


Neha; rpfpr;ir kw;Wk; fjpu;tPr;R rpfpr;irg; 

gpupTfspd; rpfpr;iraspg;G trjpfs; ngUkstpy; 

Nkk;gLj;jg;gLk;. nkhj;j gLf;iffspd; 

vz;zpf;ifahdJ 1>140 ,y; ,Ue;J 2>700 Mf 

mjpfupf;fg;gLtNjhL> kUj;Jt kw;Wk; rj;jpu 

rpfpr;ir thl;Lfspd; vz;zpf;ifahdJ 4 ,y; 

,Ue;J 10 Mf mjpfupf;fg;gLk;. 

itj;jparhiyapd; Nehahsu; ftdpg;G 

Nritfspd; juk;> ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; nraw;wpwd; 

,j;jpl;lj;jpd; %yk; Nkk;gLj;jg;gLtNjhL 

epGzj;Jt Nritfspd; gpuNtrKk; mjpfupf;Fk;. 


FUehfy; Nghjdh itj;jparhiyahdJ jw;NghJ 

,g;gpuNjrj;jpd; 1.4 kpy;ypad; kf;fSf;F jdJ 

Nritfis toq;fpf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ. jw;NghJ 

jq;fp rpfpr;ir ngWk; Nehahsu;fspd; vz;zpf;ifahdJ 

itj;jparhiyapd; jw;Nghija 

,aysitAk; jhz;b ghupa ,lneUf;fb 

gpur;rpidf;F Kfk; nfhLj;Js;sJ. ,jdhy; 

,t;itj;jparhiyia tpupthf;fp mgptpUj;jp 

nra;tjw;fhd gpujhd jpl;lk; tiuag;gl;Ls;sJ. 

,j;jpl;lkhdJ Gjpa kfg;Ngw;W fl;blj; njhFjp> 

Gjpa ,ja rj;jpu rpfpr;ir myF kw;Wk; etPd 

cgfuzq;fSldhd Gw;WNeha; gpupitAk; 

cs;slf;fpajhFk;. 

&. 1,723 kpy;ypad; 

epjp %yk; 

cs;@H 

&. 650.5 kpy;ypad; 


&. 1>252 kpy;ypad; 

ntspehL: 

&. 1>072.5 kpy;ypad; 

mT];jpNuypa muR 

Mz;L 2009 

n gioa fl;blq;fis mfw;Wk; eltbf;iffs; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. 

n ,ja rj;jpu rpfpr;irg; gpuptpd; epu;khzg; gzpfspy; 40% g+uzg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. 

n Gw;WNeha;g; gpuptpd; 15% epu;khzg; gzpfs; g+uzg;gLj;jg; gl;Ls;sd. 


92 



&. 1,562 kpy;ypad; 

,r;nraw;jpl;lj;jpd; KO nkhj;j Nehf;fkhdJ> Njitahd 

trjpfisAk; cgfuzq;fisAk; toq;Ftjd; %yk; 

mEuhjGuk; nghJ itj;jparhiyapd; Rfhjhu eyd;Gup 

Nrit Vw;ghl;bid Nkk;gLj;JtJk; tpupthf;fg;gLk;. 

mEuhjGuk; nghJ itj;jparhiyahdJ khfhzj;jpd; 

rdj; njhifahd 1.1 kpy; ypad; kf; fSf; Fr; 

Nritahw;Wfpd;wJld; ,tw;;Ws; 80% Mdtu;fs; 

itj;jparhiyia mz;kpj;J trpg;gtu;fshtu;. 

gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; gpujhd itj;jparhiy vd;w tifapy; m.ngh.itj;jparhiyahdJ Vida itj;jparhiyfspypUe;J khw;wg;gl;l Nehahspfs; 

my;yJ fpilg;gdtpYs;s rpfpr;irapidg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhf Neubahf r%fkspj;j Nehahspfspd; mjpf vz;zpf;ifapdiuf; 

nfhz;Ls;sJ. jw;Nghija Nehahsu; tUif tPjkhdJ ghJfhg;ghdJ vdf; fUjg;gl KBAkhd kl;lj;ijAk; tpQ;rpAs;sJ. vt;thwhapDk;> 

jw;nghOJ itj;jparhiy Njitahd trjpfs; mw;w epiyapYk; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;l kl;lj;jpy; Nritfis toq;Ftjw;F Kbahj 

epiyapYk; ,aq;fp tUfpd;wJ. nraw;jpl;lkhdJ ,e;jg; gpur;rpidfisj; jPu;g;gjw;fhf tpNrlkhf jahupf;fg;gl;ljhFk;. 

mEuhjGuj;jpy; mike;Js;s itj;jparhiy fl;bl 

fiy mk;rq;fSld; KO trjpfisAk; nfhz;l 

itj; jparhiy xd; whf khw; wg; gLtJld; 

ntspNehahsu; gpupT> gy; itj;jpa epiyak;> kfg;Ngw;W 

itj;jpa gpupT> rpWtu; Neha;g; gpupT> fl;blk;> ePu; 

toq;fy;> fopT ePufw;wy; Nghd;w gpw Jiz epiy 

trjpfs; vd;gtw;Wld; Njitahd kUj;Jt kw;Wk; 

Ma;T$l cgfuzq;fs; toq;fy; vd;gtw;iwAk; ,e;j 

itj;jparhiy nfhz;bUf;Fk;. 

cj;Njr mgptpUj;jpahdJ Nehahspfspdhy; tpNrl 

Nritfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; tifapy; Nkk;gLj;jg;gLk;. 

gpw %d;whk; epiy guhkupg;G epiyaq;fspypue;J 

tpNrl Nritfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhf kpfTk; 

J}ug; gpuNjrq;fspy; ,Ue;J tUk; Nehahsu;fspdhy; 

vjpu; Nehf;fg;gLk; f\;lq;fis ,J Fiwf;Fk;. 

nraw; jpl;lkhdJ kf;fspd; Fwpg;ghf mEuhjGu 

khtl;lj;jpYs;s kf;fspd; Rfhjhu me;j];j;jpid 

Nkk;gLj;Jk;. mNjNeuk; Rfhjhu Nritfs; 

Vw;ghl;Lld; njhlu;ghd gpuhe;jpa NtWghlfisf; 

Fiwg;gjw;F ,J gq;fspg;Gr; nra;Ak;. ,tw;wpd; ,Wjpapy; 

ehl;bd; nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpf;F gq;fspg;Gr; nra;af; 

$ba MNuhf;fpaKs;s Copag;gil xd;wpid ,J 

Njhw;Wtpf;Fk;. 

mEuhjGu itj;jparhiy 

epjp %yk; 

cs;@H 

&. 312.5 kpy;ypad; 



ntspehL: 

&. 1>250 kpy;ypad; 

mDruiz: [g;ghd; muR 

Mz;L 2010 

n [g;ghd; ru;tNjr mgptpUj;jp xj;Jiog;G KftUld; ([apf;fh) cld;gbf;iffs; 

ifr;rhj;jplg;gl;Ls;sd. 

n tpupthd tbtq;idg;Gf;fs; jw;nghOJ jahupf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. 

n tpupthd tbtikg;G g+u;j;jpahdJk; epu;khzg; gzpfs; Muk;gpf;fg;gLk;.

nfhupa ,yq;if el;GwT 

itj;jparhiy> nfhlfk - khj;jiw 

khj;jiwahdJ ,yq;ifapy; kpfTk; gpd;jq;fpa khtl;lnkhd;W 

kl;Lky;yhky; 2004 Mk; Mz;L brk;gupy; ,lk;ngw;w 

Rdhkpapdhy; ngupJk; ghjpf;fg;gl;l xU khtl;lKkhFk;. Rdhkpapd; 

fhuzkhf khj;jiw itj;jparhiyahdJ kpfTk; Nkhrkhd 

Kiwapy; ghjpf;fg;gl;likapdhy; mjdJ njhopw;ghl;L 

,aysTk; ngUkstpy; Fiwtile;Js;sJ. mz;ikapy 

KbTWj;jg;gl;l khj;jiw efu kPs; epu;khzpg;G Ntiyj; 

jpl;lj;jpd;gb jw;Nghija itj;jparhiyia gpwpnjhU ,lj;jpw;F 

,lkhw;wk; nra;tjw;F jPu;khdpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. 

epjp %yk; 

cs;@H 

&. 5>440 kpy;ypad; 

2008 Mk; Mz;Lf;fhd tuTnryTj; 

jpl;l xJf;fk; - &. 550 kpy;ypad; 

ntspehL: 


nfhupah muR 

ntsp Nehahsu; gpupT> Nehahsu; thl;Lfs;> mtru 

rpfpr;irg; gpupT> rj;jpu rpfpr;irf; $lq;fs;> Neha; 

mwptjw;fhd gpupT> nghJ Rfhjhug; gpupT kw;Wk; 

itj;jpa kw;Wk; Vida Copau;fSf;fhd tpLjp 

trjpfs;> kUe;jfq;fs; kw;Wk; Vida trjpfSld; 

$ba Gjpa g+uzkhd itj;jparhiy. 

,g;Gjpa itj;jparhiyapD}lhf epGzj;Jt 

itj;jpa Nritfspd; fpilg;gdT mjpfupf;Fk;. 

,jdhy; Nehahspfs; epGzj;Jt itj;jpa- 

Nritfisg; ngWtjw;fhf kpf ePz;l J}ug; 

gazq;fis Nkw;nfhz;L mtjpg;gl Ntz;ba 

mtrpak; Vw;glhJ. 

Nkk;gLj;jg;gl;l mjpfupj;j NritfspD}lhf 

jw;NghJ ehl;by; Rfhjhu Nritfs; fhzg;gLk;. 

gpuhe;jpa NtWghlhdJ FiwtilAk;. 

,j;jpl;lj;jpd; %yk; khj;jiw khtl;l kf;fspd; 

Rfhjhu epiyikahdJ Nkk;gLj;jg;gLtjdhy; 

xU RfNjfpahd Ntiyg;gil cUthf;fg;gLtjw;Fk; 

,J ehl;bd; nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpf;Fk; 

rhjfkhd Kiwapy; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;Ak;. 


&. 6,100 kpy;ypad; 

itj;jparhiyapd; epu;khzg; gzpfs; 2008 ,y; Muk;gkhFk;. 

Mz;L 2010 


,yq;ifapd; Njrpa itj;jparhiyapy; rfy 

etPd trjpfSlDk; kw;Wk; gapw;wg;gl;l 

Copau;fisAk; nfhz;l typg;G Neha;f;fhd 

%d;whk; epiy ftdpg;G epiyak; xd;iw 

cUthf;FtNj ,j;jpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fkhFk;. 

mz;ikf;fhy Ma;Tfspd;gb ,yq;ifapy; 

300>000 typg;G Nehahsu;fs; cs;sdu;. typg;G 

mghafukhd euk;gpay; Nehahf ,Ug;gpDk; 

Fzg;gLj;jf;$ba NehahFk;. 

&. 2,750 kpy;ypad; 

94 

typg;G Neha; rpfpr;irf;fhd %d;whk; 

epiyf; ftdpg;G epiyak; 

Njrpa itj;jparhiy> nfhOk;G 

epjp %yk; 

cs;@H 


2008 Mk; Mz;Lf; fhd tuTnryTj; jpl;l 

xJf;fk;- &. 360 kpy;ypad; 

fl;Lg;gLj;j Kbahj typg;G Nehahsu;fSf;Fk; 

epGzj;Jtk; tha;e;j midj;J rpfpr;irfisAk; 

mspf;f KbAk;. 

gpNuupf;fg;gl;Ls;s typg;G Neha; rpfpr;ir 

epiyaj;jpy; euk;gpay; Neha; kw;Wk; euk;gpay; 

rpfpr;irfs; Njitg;gLk; Nehahsu;fSf;Fk; 

rpfpr;ir mspf;f KbAk; 

,j;jpl;lj;jpd; %yk; Njrpa itj;jparhiyapd; 

Rfhjhu Nritfspd; gz;G> tpidj;jpwd; kw;Wk; 

ghJfhg;G Nkk;gLj;jg;gLk;. mNj Ntis 

itj;jparhiyapd; epGzj;Jt NritfSf;fhd 

trjpfs; Nkk;gLj;jg;gLk;. 

Typg;G Neha;f;F jw;NghJ toq;fg;gLk; 

kUj; Jt Nritfspy; gpujhd gy 

FiwghLfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,jd;fPo; 

trjpfspd; gw;whf;Fiw> cgfuzq;fs;> gapw;rp 

ngw;w Copau;fspd; gw;whf;Fiw kw;Wk; 

Nehahsu;fSf;fhd nrYj;Jif kw;Wk; kPs; 

nrYj;Jif (referral) Kiwik fhzg;glhik 

gpujhd FiwghLfshFk; . 

gpNuupf;fg;gl;Ls;s fUj;jpl;lkhdJ Nkw;$wg;gl;l 

FiwghLfis eptu;j;jp nra;tjw;Nf 

jahupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. 



ntspehL: 

&. 2>200 kpy;ypad; 

rT+jp mNugpah epjp 

Mz;L 2011 

NkNy $wg;gl;l kj;jpa epiyaj;jpid 

cUthf;Ftjw;F Nkyjpfkhf ,j;jpl;lj;jpD}lhf 

r%f Rfhjhu guhkupg;G tiyg;gpd;diy 

tYt+l;b typg;G Neha;f;fhd 

Muk;gf; ftdpg;G Kiwikia juKau;j;- 

JtjhFk;. itj;jparhiyfspd; Nkk;gLj;jyhdJ 

Neha;f;fhd ,uz;lhk;ju ftdpg;Gf;Nf 

trjpaspf;Fk;. 

typg;G Neha; rpfpr;ir epiyaj;jpd; epu;khzg; gzpfs; eilngw;Wf;; 

nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd.

`k;ghe;Njhl;il nghJ itj;jparhiy 

`k;ghe;Njhl;il khtl;l nghJ itj;jparhiyahdJ 

khtl;lj;jpYs;s Vwf;Fiwa 0.5 kpy;ypad; kf;fSf;F 

Nritia toq;Ftpd;wJ. itj;jparhiy kpfTk; gioaJ 

vd;gJld; mz;ikapy; Vw;gl;l Rdhkpapdhy; kpfTk; 

ghjpf;fg;gl;lJ vd;w tifapy; mjd; njhopw;ghl;L ,ay; 

jifik Fiwtile;Js;sJ. NkYk;> rpfpr;ir kw;Wk; 

Neha; guhkupg;G vd;gtw;Wf;Fj; Njitahd mjpfsthd 

cgfuzq;fSk; ,y;yhJs;sJ. ehnshd;Wf;F ruhrup 

cs;Nehahsh; kw;Wk; ntspNehahsu; tuthdJ KiwNa 

124 kw;Wk; 874 Ngu; MFk;. 

Rfhjhuj;jpw;fhd rdhjpgjp tpNrl nrayzpahdJ ,e;j 

itj;jparhiyapid khtl;l nghJ itj;jparhiy xd;whf 

juKau;j;Jtjw;F rpghupR nra;Js;sJ. ,e;jr; nraw;jpl;lkhdJ 

,e;Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf tpNrlkhf cUthf;fg;gl;ljhFk;. 

`k;ghe;Njhl;il khtl;lkhdJ k`pe;j ue;njhu epfo;r;rpj; 

jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; kpfj; Jupj fjpapy; mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;gl 

Ntz;ba %d;W khtl;lq;fspy; xd;whFk;. cj;Njr ru;tNjr 

tpkhd epiyak;> `k;ghe;Njhl;il JiwKfk; kw;Wk; 

ru;tNjr khehl;L epiyak; vd;gtw;wpd; jhgpjj;Jld; 

,k;khtl;lk; NkYk; efu kag;gLj;jg;gLtJld; rd neupry; 

kpf;fjhfTk; khw;wkilAk;. ,r;#o;epiyapy; nghJr; Rfhjhu 

NritfSf;fhd Nfs;tpahdJ - juk; kw;Wk; nfhs;ssT 

,uz;bYk; kpfTk; mjpfupj;Jf; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. 

,r;nraw;wpl;lk; khfhzj;jpy; Rfhjhu eyNdhk;gypd; 

juj;jpid Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;F cjTk;. 

ntspNehahsH gpupT> tpLjp trjpfs;> jPtpu 

rpfpr;irg; gpupT> rj;jpu rpfpr;irf; $lk;> rpfpr;ir 

trjpfs; kw;Wk; kUe;Jf; fsQ;rpaq;fs;> ePu; 

tpepNahfk;> fopTePu; Vw;ghL> tbfhyikg;G kw;Wk; 

thfdj; jupg;gpl trjpfs; kw;Wk; Njitahd 

Ma;T$l kw;Wk; kUj;Jt cgfuzq;fSf;fhd 

Vw;ghLfs; vd;gtw;wpid epu;khzpg;gjD}lhf 

mofpa fl;bl njhopy; El;gj;Jld; $ba 

midj;J trjpfisAk; nfhz;ljhf jw;nghOJ 

`k;ghe;Njhl;ilapy; mike;jpUf;Fk; itj;jparhiy 

khw;wg;gLk;. 

jw;nghOJ `k;ghe;Njhl;il itj;jparhiyapy; 

fhzg;gLk; Rfhjhu eyd; Nritfspd; juk;> 

nraw;jpwd; kw;Wk; ghJfhg;G vd;gtw;wpid 

Nkk;gLj;JtJld; Nehahsu;fspdhy; tpNrl 

Nritfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhd Vw;ghL 

,r;nraw; jpl;lj;jpd; %yk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;. 

,J kf;fspd; Rfhjhu (Fwpg;ghf `k;ghe;Njhl;il 

khtl;l kf;fspd;) me;j];j;jpid Nkk;gLj;JtJld; 

Rfhjhu Nrit toq;fy;fspy; gpuhe;jpa 

NtWghLfisf; Fiwf;fTk; nra;Ak;. ,Wjpapy; 

,it midj;Jk; ehl;bd; nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpf;Fj; 

Njitahdtw;wpw;F rhjfkhd Kiwapy; 

gq;fspg;Gr; nra;Ak; Copag;gil xd;wpid 

cUthf;Fk;. 

&. 8,450 kpy;ypad; 

epjp %yk; 

cs;@H 

&. 2>475 kpy;ypad; 


&. 1>300 kpy;ypad; 

ntspehL: 

&. 8>000 kpy;ypad; 

mDruiz: `q;Nfup muR 


Mz;L 2011 

itj;jparhiy epu;khzg; gzpfs; kpf tpiutpy; Muk;gpf;fg;gLk;. 


n KjyPL &. 60>401.2 kpy;ypad; 

ntw;wpfukhdJk;. xspkakhdJkhd xU 

ifj;njhopy; Jiwiaf; fl;bnaOg;GtNj 

,yq;ifapd; nghUshjhu Ntiyj;jpl;lj;jpd; 

gpujhd mq;fq;fSf;Fs; xd;whf 

,Uf;fpd;wJ. cWjpahdJk;> 

epiyahdJkhd ifj;njhopy; mgptpUj;jpf;F 

cg Jiwfshd ifj;njhopy; 

mgptpUj;jp> cy;yhrg;gpuahzj; Jiw> 

ifj;njhopy;fs; 

tpQ;QhdKk; njhopy; El;gKk;> Rw;whly; 

Nghd;witfNs gq;fspg;Gr; nrYj;Jfpd;wd. 

NkNyAs;s Nehf;fq;fisAk;> 

,yf;FfisAk; miltjw;fhf ehL 

g+uhTk; ,t;Tg Jiwfspd; gy;NtW 

tifahd mgptpUj;jpf; fUj;jpl;lq;fs; 

mKy;gLj;jg;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. 

ue;njhu Njrpa cl;fl;likg;G trjpfs; mgptpUj;jp epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk; - ifj;njhopy;fs; 97

98 

ifj;njhopy; hPjpahd 

mgptpUj;jp 

KjyPLfs; 

&. 27,967 kpy;ypad; 

Mz;L 2008 

rpwpa kw;Wk; Ez; ifj;njhopy;fspd; 

jifikAk; th;j;jf njhopy; Kaw;rpfspd; 

Kd;Ndw;wf; fUj;jpl;lKk; 

Mz;L 2008 

Rw;whlYf;Fr; rhjfkhd jPh;T epjp 

(E-Friend - II) 

gpuhe;jpa ifj;njhopy; mgptpUj;jp 

Mz;L 2008 

tpNrl nghUshjhu tyaq;fs; 

(jpUNfhzkiy> nfhlfk> kw;Wk; Gj;jsk;) 

ue;njhu Njrpa cl;fl;likg;G trjpfs; mgptpUj;jp epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk; - ifj;njhopy;fs; 

%yk;: ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp 2006

gy;NtW tifg;gl;l cah; ngWkjp 

Nrh;f;fg;gl;l ifj;njhopy; mbg;gilnahd;iw 

mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L... 

cah; nghUshjhu tsh;r;rp 

mjpf Ntiy tha;g;Gf;fs; 

Rw;whly; h{Pjpahd epiyNgwhd epiyik 

epiy Ngwhd ifj;njhopy; mgptpUj;jp 

ifj;njhopy; Jiw tprhykhd $l;Lj;jhgd hPjpahd 

epWtdq;fs;> rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju mstpyhd 

Kaw;rpfs; kw;Wk; Ez;zpa/FLk;g myFfspd; 

tpahghu Kaw; rpfs; Nghd; wdtw; iw 

cs;slf;fpapUg;gNjhL> ,;j;Jiw ,yq;ifapy; 

nkhj;j cs;;ehl;L cw;gj;jpapy; 27 rjtPj 

gq;fspg;igr; nrYj;Jfpd;wJ ,yq;ifapd; 

ifj;njhopw; nfhs;if ntspehl;L KjyPl;il 

Cf;Ftpg;gNjhL cs;Sh; th;j;jfh;fSf;fhd 

ntFkjpfs; toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;w mZF 

Kiwfisg; gpd;gw;WtNJhL ,jid kpfTk; 

tpidj;jpwdhd ifj;njhopy; nghUj;jj;ijAk;> 

cah; ngWkjp Nrh;f;fg;gl;lJk; kw;Wk; cah;e;j 

cw;gj;jpj; jpwidg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhfTk; 

mh;g;gzpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. 

ifj;njhopy; JiwapYs;s fUj;jpl;lq;fs; gpuhe;jpa 

hPjpahd NtWghLfs;> Ntiyapd;ik> tWik kw;Wk; 

fld;fisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjpy; cs;s 

tiuaWf;fg;gl;l trjpfs; Nghd;w gpur;rpidfSf;fhd 

jPh;Tfisf; fhz;gjd; %yk; xU cah; 

nghUshjhu tsh;r;rpnahd;iw milAk; Nehf;Fld; 

tbtikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. gpuhe;jpa hPjpahd 

ifj;njhopy; mgptpUj;jp epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lk;hdJ 

gpuhe;jpa kl;lj;jpy; Gjpa ifj;njhopy;fis 

Muk;gpg;gjw;F mj;jpahtrpakhd cl;fl;ikg;gpid 

mgptpUj;jp nra;tij Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;Ls;sJ. 

,j;jpl;lk; fpuhkpa kl;lj;jpy; mjpf Ntiy 

tha;g;Gf;fis cUthf;Ftjd; %yKk; ;> kw;Wk; 

fpuhkpa kl;lq;fspy; Fiwthfg; gad; gLj;jggLk; 

kw;Wk; gad;gLj;;jg; glhj tsq;fspdJk;; 

%yg;nghUl;fspdJk; gad;ghl;il mjpfhpg;gjD}lhf 

tWikiaj; jzpg;gjw;fhd trjpfis 

Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLj;jy;> rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju tpahghu 

Kaw;rpfshdJ ehl;bd; KJnfYk;ngd T 

murhq;fj;jpdhy; fUjg;gL-fpd;wJ. rpwpa kw;Wk; 

eLj;ju ifj;njhopy;fs;pd; topfhl;b kw;Wk; tpahghu 

Kaw;rpfis Cf;Ftpg;-gjw;fhd fUj;jpl;lk>; rpwpa 

kw;Wk; Ez; ifj;njhopy;-fSf;fhd KjyPl;il 

toq;fTk;> Kfhik hPjpahd trjpfis mgptpUj;jp 

nra;jy;> kw;Wk; rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju 

ifj;njhopy;fSf;fhd fzf;fPl;L kw;Wk; njhopy; 

El;g epGzj;Jtq;fis mgptpUj;jp nra;jy; kw;Wk; 

,il epiyapYs;s epjp epWtdq;fspd; epWtd 

hPjpahd ,aysit gyg;gLj;Jjy; Nghd;wtw;iw 

Nehf;fkhff; nfhz; ;Ls;sJ 

Rw;whly; hPjpahd fUJNfhs;fs; epiyNgwhd 

ifj;njhopy; mgptpUj;jpf;fhd Kf;fpakhd xU 

Njitahff; fUjg;gLfpd;wJ. Rw;whly; hPjpahd 

rhjfkhd jPh;T epjpahdJ> ifj;njhopy; hPjpahd 

khr> fopTfisf; Fiwj;jy;> tsq;fis 

kPsg;ngWjy;> Nghd;w Rw;whly; hPjpahd gpur;rpidfSf;fhd 

jPh;itf; fhz;gjd; %yk; ifj;njhopy; 

Kaw;rpfSf;F cjTtjw;fhd njhopy; El;g 

cjtpfisAk;> Fiwe;j nrytpyhd fld;fisAk; 

toq;Fjy;. ,f;fUj;jpl;lkhdJ ehl;bd; r%f 

nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jp ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; Rw;whly; 

hPjpahd ghJfhg;G Nghd;wtw;wp;fpilapy; 

nghUj;jkhd xU rkepiyiag; NgZtjw;fhd 

MjuTfis toq;Ffpd;wJ. 


pwpa kw;Wk; Ez; ifj;njhopy;fspd; 

jifikAk; th;j;jf njhopy; Kaw;rpfspd; 

Kd;Ndw;wf; fUj;jpl;lKk; 

100 

rpwpa kw;Wk; Ez; ifj;njhopy;fSf;F %yjdj;ij toq;Fjy;> 

mtw;wpd; Kfhikj;Jtk;> epjpf; fzf;fPLfs; epGzj;Jtq;fs; 

Nghd;wtw;iw mgptpUj;jp nra;jy;> ,il epiy epjp epWtdq;fspd; 

epWtd hPjahd ,aysitg; gyg;gLj;Jjy; Nghd;wtw;wpd; %yk; 

epiyahdJk;> rkepiy tha;e;jJkhd nghUshjhu tsh;r;rpia> 

mgptpUj;jp nra;jNy ,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fkhFk;.. jahhpg;Gf; 

ifj;njhopYk;> NritfSNk ,jw;fhd ,yf;Fj; Jiwfshf 

,Uf;fpd;wd. th;j;jf njhopy; Kaw;rpfs; mgptpUj;jp kw;Wk; KjyPl;L 

Cf;Ftpg;G mikr;rpYs;s fUj;jpl;l Kfhikj;Jt myF ,f;fld; 

trjpfis Kfhik nra; ;tjw;Fk>; gq;fspg;Gr; ; nrYj;Jk; fld; 

epWtdq;fspy; jFjpahNdhUf;F fldhf toq;Ftjw;fhd top 

rpwpa kw;wk; Ez; ifj;njhopy;fSf;fhd 

rYif hPjpapyhd fld;fs; 

njhopy; ;El;g ghpkhw;wy; Nritfs; 

fzf;fpay; kw;Wk; njhopy; El;g 

epGzj;Jtj;ij mjpfhpj;jy;. 

Kfhikj;Jt epGzj;Jtj;ij gyg;gLj;Jjy;. 



tiffis Vw;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; nghWg;ghf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. 

];iky; - III fUj;jpl;lk; ehL g+uhTk; mKy;gLj;jg;gLtNjhL 

mjpy; gpd;tUk; gpujhd mq;fq;fSk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd: 

n njhopy; El;g khw;wy; cjtpj;jpl;lk; 

n nghJthd fld; jpl;lk; 

nkhj;j fUj;jpl;lr; nryT &gh 8>850 kpy;ypad;fshf ,Ug;gNjhL 

mjw;fhd epjp [g;ghdpd; rh;tNjr $l;LwT tq;fpapdhy; 

toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ];iky; -III fUj;jpl;lk; 2005Mk; Mz;by; 

Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lNjhL 2008Mk; Mz;by; KbTWj;jg;gLk;. 

&. 8,850 kpy;ypad; 

epjp %yk; 

Mz;L 2008 

ntspehL: 

&. 8>850 kpy;ypad; 


&. 2>000 kpy;ypad; 


2007Mk; Mz;L nrg;njk;gh; khjkstpy; 4005 fUj;jpl;lq;fSf;fhd mDkjpfs; 

toq;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,f;fld;fs; jdpahh; kw;Wk; mur tq;fpfspD}lhf 

toq;fg;gLfpd;wd. mDkjp toq;fg;gl;l nkhj;jj; njhif &gh 8>717 

kpy;ypad;fshfTk;> toq;fg;gl;l nkhj;j njhif &gh 6>350 kpy;ypad;fshfTk; 

cs;sd. ,f;fhyg; gphptpy; cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;s njhopy; tha;g;Gf;fspd; 

vz;zpf;if Rkhh; 20>257 MFk;.. fld;fs; gpd;tUk; gq;F gw;Wk; fld; 

epWtdq;fspD}lhfTk;> ehL g+uhTKs;s mtw;wpdJ fpisfspD}lhfTk; 

toq;fg;gLfpd;wd: mitahtd:B.vg;.rP.rP tq;fp> Njrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fp> 

th;j;jj tq;fp> rk;gj; tq;fp> ,yq;if tq;fp> `l;ld; nerdy; tq;fp> tak;g 

mgptpUj;jp tq;fp: Nghd;wdthFk;. Nritfs; Jiwfs; ,jd; gpujhd Jiwahf 

,Ug;gNjhL ,J fld; mDkjpfspy; ; ngUk;ghYk; 42 rjtPjj;ijf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

&. 4,817 

kpy;ypad; 

,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; gpujhd Nehf;fk; ifj;njhopy; fopT> 

tPz; tpuaf; Fiwg;G> tsq;fspd; kPsg;ngWif> rf;jpapd; 

Nrkpg;Gf;fs;> khRfspd; fl;Lg;ghL kw;Wk; Jizepw;wy; 

Nghd;w Rw;whly; gpur;rpidfSf;F jPh;itf; fhz;gjpy; 

ifj;njhopy; Kaw;rpfSf;F cjtp nra;tjw;fhd njhopy; 

El;g cjtpiaAk;> Fiwe;j nrytpyhd fld;fisAk; 

toq;FtNj ,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fkhFk;. 

,f;fUj;jpl;lk; Njrpa Rw;whly; rl;lj;jpd; %yk; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s 

xOq;F KiwfSlDk;> epakq;fSlDk; 

,zq;Fk; tifapy; ifj;njhopy;fSf;F cjtp nra;jy;. 

njhopy; Kaw;rpfspd; mgptpUj;jp kw;Wk; KjyPl;L 

Cf;Ftpg;G mikr;rpd; fUj;jpl;l Kfhikj;Jt myF 

,f;fld; trjpfis Kfhik nra; ;tjw;Fk>; gq;fspg;Grl; 

nrYj;Jk; fld; epWtdq;fspy; jFjpahNdhUf;F fldhf 

toq;Ftjw;fhd top tiffis Vw;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; 

nghWg;ghf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. 

rYif hPjpahd tl;b tPjq;fspy; ifj;njhopy; 

Kaw;rpfSf;fhd fld;fis toq;Fjy;. 

njhopy;el;g cjtpfis toq;Fjy;. 

Rw;whly; ghJfhg;G 

rf;jp Nrkpg;G 

Rw;whlYf;Fr; rhjfkhd jPh;T epjp 

(E-Friend - II) 

epjp %yk; 

ntspehL: 

&. 4>817 kpy;ypad; 


&. 1>500 kpy;ypad; 



Mz;L 2008 

2007Mk; Mz;L nrg;nlk;gH khjkstpy; fld;fSf;fhd jpul;lg;gl;l mDkjpfspd; 

njhif 256 MFk;. &gh 3>048 kpy;ypad;fSf;fhd nkhj;j njhif 

mDkjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sNjhL toq;fg;gl;l nkhj;jj; njhif &gh 1 ehL g+uhTKs;s 

mtw;wpdJ fpisfspD}lhfTk; toq;fg;gLfpd;wd: mitahtd:B.vg;.rP.rP 

tq;fp> Njrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fp> th;j;jj tq;fp> rk;gj; tq;fp> ,yq;if tq;fp> 

`l;ld; nerdy; tq;fp> tak;g mgptpUj;jp tq;fp> Nghd;wdthFk;. czTg; 

nghUl;fisg; gjdpLjy; kw;Wk; Nritfs; Mfpa ,uz;L gpujhd JiwfSk; 

fld; mDkjpfspy; 70 rjtPjj;ij tpl mjpfhpg;gpidf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. mit 

fopT ePh; nghwpj;njhFjpiaAk;> tsq;fspd; Nrkpg;Gf;fisAk; cs;slf;Ffpd;wJ. 


102 


fpuhkpa kl;lj;jpy; Ntiy tha;g;Gf;fis 

mjpfhpj;jy;. 

fpuhkpa tsq;fspd; gad;ghl;il mjpfhpj;jy;. 

mWtilf;Fg; gpd;dhd njhopy; El;gq;fspd; 

gad;ghl;il mjpfhpg;gjd; %yk; fpuhkpa 

cw;gj;jpg; nghUl;fSf;F epahakhd 

tpiyfis toq;Fjy;. 

tptrhapf;Fk;> re;ijf;Fkpilapyhd Neubj; 

njhlh;Gfspd; mgptpUj;jpapD}lhf cs;sf 

kj;jpa];jq;fspd; jhf;fq;fisf; Fiwj;jy;. 

#oy; hPjpahd ,og;Gf;fisf; Fiwj;jy; 

iffj;njhopy; hPjpahd $l;Lwit mjpfhpj;jy;. 

me;epar; nryhtzpapd; cl;gha;r;riy 

mjpfphpj;jy;. 


gpuhe;jpa ifj;njhopy; mgptpUj;jp 

epjp %yk; 

gpuhe;jpa kl;lj;jpyhd Gjpa ifj;njhopy;fspd; KidTf;F 

mj;jpahtrpakhd cl;fl;likg;G trjpfis mgptpUj;jp nra; ;tJk>; fpuhkpa 

kl;lj;jpy; mjpfkhd Ntiy tha;g;Gf;is toq;FtjD}lhf tWik 

kl;lj;jpidf; Fiwj;jy;> fpuhkpa kl;lj;jpy; Fiwthd gad;ghLfSs;stw;wpdJk;> 

gad;gLj;jg;glhjitfspdJk; gad;ghl;il mjpfhpj;jy;> kw;wk; 

fpuhkpa cw;gj;jpg; nghUl;fspdJ cah;e;j Nfs;tpia guhkhpj;jy; 

Nghd;wdNt ,e;epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lj;j;pd; Nehf;fkhFk;. NkYk;> me;epar; 

nryhtzp ciog;ig mjpfhpg;gjpYk;> fl;Lg;ghl;L mstPLfspDHlhf 

Rw;whliy ghJfhg;gjpYk; ifj;njhopy; Ngl;ilfs; 

tPjpfs;> kpd;rhuk;> ePh; kw;Wk; njhiyj;njhlh;G trjpfs; Nghd;w mbg;gil 

cl;fl;likg;G trjpfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F KjyPl;lhsh;fSf;F 

murhq;fk; cjtp nra;fpwJ. 

jw;NghJ ,e; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lk; nfhOk;G kw;Wk; fk;g`h khtl;lq;fspy; 

xUKidg; gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s ifj;njhopy;fshf tl khfhzk; jtph;e;J 

ehL g+uhTk; rpjwpa Kiwapy; ; ,aq;fpf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ. 

cs;@H 





n cw;gj;jpr; nrad;Kiwfis Muk;gpj;j ifj;njhopy; Ngl;ilfspd; vz;zpf;if 19 

(31.09.2007 Me; jpfjpg; gb) 

n nraw;gl;ilf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; ifj;njhopy; Ngl;ilfspd; vz;zpf;if 07 

(31.09.2007 Me; jpfjpg; gb) 

n 2008 tut nryTj;jpl;lj;jpd; %yk; gpNuhpf;fg;gl;l ifj;njhopy; 

Ngl;ilfspd; vz;zpf;if 03 

n NkNy $wg;gl;l ifj;njhopy; Ngl;ilfspy; ];jhgpf;fg;gl;Ls;s 

ifj;njhopy;fspd; vz;z;pf;if- (31.09.2007 Me; jpfjpg; gb 169 

n eph;khzg; gzpfs; ,lk;ngw;Wf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; njhopw;rhiyfspd; 

vz;zpf;if 65 

n NkNy $wg;gl;l itfspdhy; toq;fg;gl;l njhopy;fspd; vz;;zpf;if 13>500


(jpUNfhzkiy> nfhlfk> Gj;jsk;) 

KjyPLfs; 

&. 14,000 kpy;ypad; 

jpUNfhzkiy nfhlfk Gj;jsk; 

njhopy; tha;g;Gf;fis cUthf;Fjy;. 

re;ij rhu;ghd cg xg;ge;jq;fspd; %yk; cs;Su; 

%yg; nghUl;fis ifj;njhopy;fSld; njhlu;GgLj;jy;. 

gpuhe;jpa uPjpahd NtWghl;ilf; Fiwj;jy;. 

ePz;lfhy KjyPl;il Cf;Ftpj;jy;. 

muR jdpahu; Jiw gq;Flikia Nkk;gLj;JtjD}lhf Gjpa 

ifj;njhopy; fyhr;rhuj;ij cUthf;Fjy;. 

,yq;if KjyPl;L rigapd; fPo; cUthf;fg;glTs;s tpN\l 

nghUshjhu tyaq;fs; jpUNfhzkiy nfhlfk Gj;jsk;. 

Mz;L 2008 


104 

&. 10,080 kpy;ypad; 

JiwKfk; rhu;e;j eltbf;iffs; - fg;gy; 

jpUj;jk;> jpUj;j Nkil> JiwKf 

eltbf;iffs; kw;Wk; glF epu;khzk;. 

vz;nza; Rj;jpfupg;G> kpd; cw;gj;jp> cu 

cw;gj;jp kw;Wk; jput ,aw;if thAf; 

fsQ;rpak;. 

tptrha cw;gj;jpr; nra;Kiw 

ghupa fUj;jpl;lq;fs; - rPnke;J cw;gj;jpg; 

nghwpj;njhFjp> vz;nza; Nrkpg;Gf; Fjq;fs;> 

ngw;Nwhypak; rhu;e;j cw;gj;jpfs;. 

epjp %yk; 



jpUNfhzkiy 

Vw;Wkjp mgptpUj;jp 

tyak; 

Kd;nkhopag;gl;l jpUNfhzkiy Vw;Wkjp 

mgptpUj;jp tyakhdJ> cs;Su; %yg; nghUl;fspd; 

cr;r gad;ghl;bd; Clhf jpUNfhzkiyia 

xU gpujhd ifj;njhopy; jskhf khw;Wtjw;F 

vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jd; %yk; fpof;F 

khfhzj;jpd; nghUshjhukhdJ tsu;r;rpailtjw;F 

toptFf;Fk;. 

,f; fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; %yk; jpUNfhzkiyhdJ> 

JiwKfk; rhu;e;j nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; Nritfis 

ru;tNjr re;ijf;F toq;Fk; gpujhdkhd jskhf 

miktNjhL> J}u fpof;F ehLfspy; KjyPl;Lf;F 

xU nrsfupakhd miktplkhfTk; mikAk;. 

jpUNfhzkiy Vw;Wkjp mgptpUj;jp tyaj;ij 

cUthf;Ftjw;F 675 rJuf; fp.kPw;wu; gug;gsT 

nfhz;l epyk; jahu; epiyapYs;sJ. 

kjpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s fpuak; 

tyaj;jpw;F cl;gl;l cl;fl;likg;G mgptpUj;jp 

- &. 7>056 kpy;ypad; 


tyaj;jpw;F ntspNa cl;fl;likg;G mgptpUj;jp - 

&. 3>024 kpy;ypad; 

murhq;fk;

nfhlfk 

nghUshjhu 

tyak; 

nfhlfk nghUshjhu tyaj; ij 

cUthf;Ftjd; Nehf;fkhtJ khj;jiwia 

mjd; tu;j;jfky;yhj njhopw;ghLfis 

nfhlfktpw;F khw;WtjD}lhf njw;fpd; 

nghUshjhu kj;jpa epiyakhf khw;wp 

xg;gPl;lsT uPjpahd ed;ikfis miltjhFk;. 

vjpu;fhy kPsikj;jy; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lj;jpd; %yk; 

ghupa khj;jiw khefug; gpuNjrj;jpd; fhzpg; 

ghtidia Nghl;bj; jd;ikkpf;fjhf;Fk;. 

I]; fsQ;rpak; kw;Wk; nraw;ghl;L kj;jpa 

epiyak;. 

kPd;gpb mbg;gilapyhd ifj;njhopy;fs;. 

tptrhak; mbg; gilapyhd tptrha 

nray;Kiwf; ifj;njhopy;fs;. 

,yFf; ifj;njhopy;fs; kw;Wk; cs;Su; 

%yg;nghUs; mbg;gilapyhd rpwpa kw;Wk; 

eLj;juf; ifj;njhopy;fs;. 

mwpT mbg;gilapyhd ifj;njhopy;fs;: jfty; 

njhopy;El;gk;. 

epjp %yk; 



KjyPLfs; 

&. 3,024 kpy;ypad; 

tyaj;jpw;F cl;gl;l cl;fl;likg;G mgptpUj;jp - 

&. 2>408 kpy;ypad; 




murhq;fk; 


106 

Gj;jsk; 

,urhadf; 

ifj;njhopy; 

tyak; 

,urhadk; rhu;e;j ifj;njhopy;fSf;nfd;Nw 

gpuj;jpNafkhd xU tyak; fhzg;glhik 

,j;Jiwapy; ntspehl;L KjyPLfis ,yq;if 

KjyPl;Lr; rigapdhy; Cf;Ftpf;f Kbahky; 

cs;sJ. ,k; Kd;nkhopag;gl;l tyaj;jpD}lhf 

,t;thwhd ,urhadk; rhu;e;j ifj;njhopy;fs;> 

etPd gupNrhjid kw;Wk; Rw;whly; ftdpg;G 

fUtpfs; kw;Wk; ghjfkhd tpisTfisj; 

jtpu;g;gjw;fhd NghJkhd ghJfhg;G 

tyaq;fSld; $ba tyakhf Vw;gLj;jg;gLk;. 

Gj;jsk; ,urhadf; ifj;njhopy; tyaj;jpw;fhf 

225 Vf;fu; gug;Gila epyk; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;. 

,urhadf; ifj;njhopy;fis xNuapfplj;jpy; 

nrwpthf;Ftjd; %yk; Rw;whly; khriljiyf; 

Fiwf;fyhk;. 

%yg;nghUl;fisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sjy; kw;Wk; 

foptfw;wy; vd;gtw;wpy; ifj;njhopy;fSf;fpilapy; 

rpwe;j kw;Wk; ,yFthd 

xd;wpizg;ig cUthf;fyhk;. 

,yFthd juf; fl;Lg;ghl;L eilKiwfis 

cUthf;fyhk;. 

njhopy; tha;g;Gf;fis cUthf;Fjy;. 

epjp %yk; 




KjyPLfs; 


tyaj;jpw;F cl;gl;l cl;fl;likg;G mgptpUj;jp - 





murhq;fk;


108 

Mz;L 2010 

Rw;Wyhj;Jiw mgptpUj;jp 

KjyPLfs; 

&. 24,917 kpy;ypad; 

fw;gpl;b Rw;Wyhj;Jiw mgptpUj;jp fUj;jpl;lk; 

Mz;L 2010 

Rw;Wyhj;Jiwapd; tsq;fis 

tpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhd fUj;jpl;lk; 


Mz;L 2012 

Rw;Wyh tyaq;fis ];jhgpj;jy; - 

epyhntsp> ghrpf;Flh kw;Wk; mWfk;Ng 

%yk;: ,yq;if Rw;Wyh rig %yk;: ,yq;if Rw;Wyh rig

njw;fhrpahtpy; Rw;WyhTf;nfd kpfTk; 

Ntz;ba Njrk; 

flw;fiuia kw;Wk; #hpaid urpj;jy; 

kiy ehl;bd; trPfuj;ij urpj;jy; 

Guhjd tuyhw;iw mwpjy; 

Rw;Wyhj; JiwahdJ ,d;W cyfpy; Jhpjkhf 

tsh;r;rpaile;J tUk; rf;jp tha; ;e;j JiwfSs; 

xd;whf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. ,yq;ifapy; ntspehl;Lr; 

nryhtzp ciog;G> njhopy; cUthf;fk;> 

cl;fl;likg;G mgptpUj;jp> gpuhe;jpa mgptpUj;jp 

kw;wk; fpuhkpag; gpuNjrq;fspd; tWik xopg;Gf;fhd 

mgptpUj;jpj; jpl;lq;fspd; ngUf;fk; Nghd;wtw;iwg; 

nghUj;j tiu nghUshjhuj;jpy; tpiuthf 

tsh;r;rpailatjw;F rhj;jpakhd xU Jiwahf 

ntw;wpaile;j murhq;fq;fspdhy; Rw;Wyhj; 

JiwahdJ mjp Kd;Dhpik toq;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wJ. 

“kfpe;j rpe;jid” nfhs;if 

rl;lfj;jpy; Rw;Wyhj; JiwahdJ mjp Kd;Dhpik 

toq;fg;gl;l xU Jiwahf ,dq;fhzg;gl;Ls;sNjhL 

ehl;bd; r%f nghUshjhu 

mgptpUj;jpf;F tpidj;jpwdhd Kiwapy; 

gq;fspg;gpid nrYj;Jtjw;fhd ,aysitf; 

nfhz;Ls;s xU JiwahfTk; ,dq;fhzg;gl;Ls;sJ. 

Rw;Wyhj; Jiwapd; ,yf;Ffis miltjw;F 

Rw;Wyhj;Jiwf;fhd cl;fl;likg;G trjpfs; xU 

Nghl;b hPjpahd Kiwapy; mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;gly; 

Ntz;Lk;. cah;e;j mstpy; nryTfis 

Nkw;nfhs;sf; $ba cy;yhrg; gpuahzpfisf; 

ftUtjw;F gpugy;akhd tpLjpfSf;F tUif 

jUk; cy;yhrg;gpuahzpfspd; trjp fUjp 

mth;fSf;fhd mikjpia mspj;jy;> FB ePh;> 

fopTg; nghUl;fspd; ntspNaw;wk;> rpwe;j 

ghijfs;> MNuhf;fpakhdJk; ghpRj;jkhdJkhd 

trjpfs; Nghd;w mbg;gil trjpfis Vw;gLj;jpf; 

nfhLj;jy; Nghd;wit ,d;wpaikahjjhfTs;sd. 

Rw;Wyhj;Jiw tsq;fspd; tpUj;jpf;fhd 

fUj;jpl;lk; ,yq;iff; ;fhd> tpNrlkhf [g;ghdpa 

cy;yhrg;gpuahzpfs; Nghd;w Mrpahitr; Nrh;e;j 

cy;yhrg;gpuahzpfis ftUtjw;F njhpT 

nra;ag;gl;l cy;yhrg; gpuNjrq;fspy; cy;yhrg; 

gpuahzpfSf;fhd trjpfSf;fhd mgptpUj;jpfis 

Nkw;nfhs;s vjph;ghh;j;jpUf;fpd;wJ. cah;e;j 

re;ijfspd; cy;yhrg; gpuahzpfspd; tUifapd; 

vz;zpf;ifia mjpfhpg;gJk; Rw;Wyhj;Jiw 

mgptpUj;jpapd; kw;WnkhU Nehf;fkhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. 


& 15,000 kpy;ypad; 

110 

fw;gpl;b Rw;Wyhj;Jiw mgptpUj;jp 

fUj;jpl;lk; 

,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; %yk; fw;gpl;biaAk; mjd; #oiyAk; 

xU Rw;Wyh tyakhf mgptpUj;jp nra;tjw;F 

vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. Nghu;j;Jf;fy; Flh kw;Wk; 

ftu;r;rpfukhd jPTfshd fhiujPT> ,g;gd;jPT kw;Wk; ngupa 

Muhr;rp cl;gl 4>132 Vf;fu; gug;gsT nfhz;l epyg;gug;ghdJ> 

,j;jpl;lj;jd; fPo; mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;gLk;. fw;gpl;bapd; 

cghakhd miktplk; kw;Wk; iftplg;gl;l ,aw;if 

tsq;fs;> tpy;gj;J Njrpa g+q;fhTf;F kpf mz;ikapy; 

mike;jpUj;jy; fyhr;rhu Kf;Nfhzg; gpuNjrk; kw;Wk; tpkhd 

epiyak; vd;gd fw;gpl;bia ,aw;if mbg;gilapyhd 

Rw;Wyhj; Jiwf;F nghUj;jkhd rpwe;j miktplkhff; 

khw;wpAs;sJ. 

,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; toq;Ftjw;F vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;w trjpfs; 3>000 miwfisf; nfhz;l 4 kw;Wk; 5 el;rj;jpu N`hl;ly;fs;> cyfj; 

juj;jpyhd glFr; Nrit> cyfj; juj;jpyhd ePu; tpisahl;L epiyak;> Rw;whly; rhjfkhd Nfhy;g; jply; kw;Wk; Vida trjpfs; cl;gl;l 

cy;yhrf; fl;blk;> fiuNahu fspahl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; ePUf;Ff; fPohd eltbf;iffs; kw;Wk; filj;njhFjpfs; Nghd;wdthFk;. 

epjp %yk; 

cs;@H 

&. 1>000 kpy;ypad; 

gpuhe;jpaj;jpd; r%fg; nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jp 

N`hl;ly; Jiwf;fhd Nkk;gLj;jg;gl;l trjpfs; 

njhopy; tha;g;Gf;fis cUthf;fy; 



Mz;L 2010 

ntspehL: 

&. 14>000 kpy;ypad; 


fUj;jpl;lj;jpw;fhd mikr;ruit mDkjp mspf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. 4>100 Vf;fu; 

fhzpfspd; epy msit eltbf;iffs; g+uzg;gLj;jg;gl;L epyr; RtPfupg;Gf;fhd 

mur tu;j;jkhdp mwptpj;jy; gpuRupf;fg;gl;lJ. nefpo;T ghy epu;khzj;jpw;fhd 

Muk;gf;fl;l Ma;Tfs; g+uzg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. ,g;ghykhdJ> fw;gpl;b kw;Wk; 

lr;Rf;Flhit jPTf; $l;lq;fSld; ,izf;Fk;. cs;Su; kw;Wk; ntspehl;L 

KjyPl;lhsu;fsplk; ,Ue;J 22 KjyPl;Lf; fUj;jpl;lq;fs; fpilf;fg; ngw;Ws;sd. 

,g;gpuhe;jpaj;jpw;fhd tiuT gpujhd jpl;lkhdJ njhopy;El;gf; FOnthd;wpdhy; 

kPsha;T nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ. ,og;gPLfs; toq;Ftjw;fhf &gh 31 kpy;ypad; 

fw;gpl;bg; gpuNjr nrayfj;jpy; itg;Gr; nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.

,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; gpujhd Nehf;fk; Mrpa 

gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; tpNrlkhf [g;ghdpa cy;yhrg; 

gpuahzpfs; Nghd;w Nky; Nehf;fpa re;ijfspd; 

cy;yhrg; gpuahzpfis mjpfhpj;jy;. ,J njhopy; 

tha;g;Gf;fis cUthf;Ftjd; ClhfTk;> me;epar; 

nryhtzpia ciog;gjd; ClhfTk; r%f 

nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpf;Fg; gq;fspg;Gr; nrYj;Jk;. 

epjp %yk; 

Rw;Wyhj;Jiwapd; tsq;fis 

tpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhd fUj;jpl;lk; 

cs;@H 




ntspehL: 

&. 2>396 kpy;ypad; 

[g;ghd; rHtNjr xj;Jiog;Gf;fhd tq;fp 

cy;yhrg; gpuahzpfspd; tUifapd; 

vz;zpf;ifia mjpfh;pj;jy;. 

njhpT nra;ag;gl;l cy;yhr tpLjpfspYk; 

efuq; ;fspYk; N`hl;ly; miwfspd; vz;zpf;if 

Vwj;jho 3000j;jpdhy; mjpfhpf;fg;gl;lJ. 

cs;ehl;L kf;fis cy;yrhg; gpuahzj;Jiw 

eltbf;iffspy; gq;Fgw;wr; ;nra;jYk;> mjD}lhf 

mth;fsJ tUkhdj;ij mjpfhpj;jYk;. 

Mrpahtpd; re;ijia Nkk;glr; nra;jYk;> 

,r;re;ijf;F mtrpakhdtw;iw toq;Ftjw;fhd 

,aysit tpUj;jp nra;jYk;. 

cs;Sh; gpuNjrq;fspy; kdpj ts mgptpUj;jp 

,aysit tphptilar; nra;jy;. 

cy;yhrg; gpuahzpfisf; ftUtjw;fhd Gjpa 

cy;yhrg; gpuahzpfSf;fhd eltbf;iffis 

cUthf;Fjy;. 


Mz;L 2010 

Vida Njrq;fisg; Nghty;yhj Njrk;... 

&. 2>917 kpy;ypad; 

,f;fUj;jpl;lk; 2006Mk; Mz;bd; ,Wjpg; gFjpapy; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lJ. Rw;Wyh mikr;rpy; 

fUj;jpl;l Kfhikj;Jt myif ];jhgpg;gjd; %yk; fUj;jpl;l eltbf;iffs; 

Muk;gpf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd. Nfs;tp kDitf; Nfhhpajd; %yk; xU MNyhridf;FOtpd; 

epWtdk; njhpT nra;ag;gl;bUg;gNjhL mth;fs; mth;fsJ Ntiyfis 2007Mk; 

Mz;L mf;Nlhgh; khjj;jpypUe;J Muk;gpg;ghh;fs;. Tphpthd tbtikg;igj; jahhpj;jy;> 

mstPLfspd; kNrhjh (bill of quantity), fUj;jpl;l Kfhikj;Jtk;> kw;Wk; mKy;gLj;Jjy; 

Nghd;wd ,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; gpujhd eltbf;iffshFk;. ,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpy; 14 cg 

fUj;jpl;lq;fs; cs;sd. mitahtd: ePh;nfhOk;G> - 3> rPfphpah - 3> mDuhjGuk; - 

2> Etnuypah - 3> fz;b N`hl;ly; ghlrhiyapd; eph;khzk; - 1> r%f mgptpUj;jp 

- 1> nfhOk;G kw;Wk; fz;b N`hl;ly; ghlrhiyfSf;F cgfuzq;fis toq;Fjy;. 

,J njhlh;ghd cs;Suhl;rp kd;w epWtdq;fspdhy; Etnuypah> rPfphpah> mDuhjGuk;> 

kw;Wk; ePh;nfhOk;G Mfpa ,lq;fSf;F mbg;gilj; jpl;lq;fs; jahhpf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd. 

2007Mk; Mz;bw;F &gh.460 kpy;ypad; xJf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wJ. 


&. 7,000 kpy;ypad; 

112 

Rw;Wyh tyaq;fis ];jhgpj;jy; - 

epyhntsp> ghrpf;Flh kw;Wk; mWfk;Ng 

n kj;jpa kl;lj;jpypUe;J cah; kl;lk; tiu jq;Fkpl 

trjpfs;. 

n miyfs; kPJ Nkhjpr; nry;tjw;fhd gapw;rp mspf;Fk; 

gapw;rp epiyak;. 

n ePiu mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l Rw;Wyhj;Jiw 

n flw; g+q;fhf;fs;. 

n gy;NtW tifg;gl;l fg;gy; rk;ge;jkhd ,af;fq;fs;. 

n Gifapuj> Mfha kw;wk; jiuAldhd tiyg;gpd;dy;. 

n Kr;rf;fu tz;bfis Xl;LjYk;> gazQ; nra;jYk;. 

n Gwitfisg; ghh;itapLjYk;> td tpyq;FfSk;. 

n Tptrha hPjpahd g+q;fhf;fSk;> mJ njhlh;ghd 

trjpfSk. 

n njhlh;Gfspd; mgptpUj;jp 

n fly; khh;f;fkhd tpkhdq;fspd; ,af;fk;. 

n Mokhd ePhpy; kPd; gpbj;jy;. 

n jpkpq;fpyq;fisg; ghh;itapLjy;. 

gpuNjrj;jpy; r%f-nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jp 

njhopy;fis cUthf;Fjy; 

epjp %yk; 

cs;@H 



mKy;gLj;jg;gLk;. 


Mz;L 2012 

fpof;F khfhzj;jpd; Rw;Wyhj;Jiw mgptpUj;jpf;fhd 

Vuhskhd tha;g;Gf;fisf; fUj;jpw; 

nfhz;L epyhntsp> ghrpf;Flh kw;Wk; mWfk;Ng 

Mfpa ,lq;fspy; %d;W Rw;Wyh tyaq;fis 

];jhgpg;gjw;F gpNuupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mjd; gpujhd 

Nehf;fq;fshtd> rh;tNjr kw;Wk; cs;Sh; 

cy;yhrg; gpuahzpfSf;Fr; Nrit nra;tjw;fhf 

fpof;F khfhzj;jpy; Rw;Wyhf; ifj;njhopiy 

mgptpUj;jp nra;jy;> kw;Wk; jw;NghJ epyTk; 

,j;Jiwapd; gpd; jq;fpa epiyikfisj; jhz;b 

fpof;F khfhzj;ijg; gy;NtW tifahd 

cy;yhrg; gpuahzpfSf;fhd fth;r;rpfisAk;> 

,aw;ifapd; mDgtkpf;f xU myfhfTk; 

jiyikj;Jtk; tfpf;Fk; xU Rw;WyhTf;fhd 

vy;iyahfTk; khw;wpaikj;jYkhFk;. g+Nfhs 

kw;Wk; gpuhe;jpa hPjpahd gpugy;akhd tpLjpfs; 

kw;Wk; N`hl;ly;fspd; ngah;fSld; cl;gl;l 

cs;Sh; ehL kw;Wk; ntspehl;L KjyP PLfisf; 

ftUtjw;fhd nghUj;jkhd Cf;Ftpg;Gf;fis 

toq;Ftjd; %yKk; mk;KjyPLfSf;fhd 

trjpfis Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLg;gjd; %yKk; 

nghUj;jkhd cl;fl;likg;G trjpfs; ,r;Rw;Wyh 

tyaq;fspy; mgptpUj;jp nra;J nfhLf;fg;gLk;. 

gpd;tUk; trjpfs; mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;gLk;: 

ntspehL: 

&. 6>880 kpy;ypad; 

KjyPl;L tha;g;GilaJ


114 

tpQ;QhdKk; njhopy;El;gKk; 

KjyPLfs; 

&. 5,922.2 kpy;ypad; 

Mz;L 2008 

gy Nehf;F fk;kh fjph;tPr;R trjp 

Mz;L 2011 

eNdh njhopy;El;g epiyak; kw;Wk; 

eNdh tpQ;Qhdg; g+q;fh 

ue;njhu Njrpa cl;fl;likg;G trjpfs; mgptpUj;jp epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk; - ifj;njhopy;fs;

mwpT kw;Wk; tpQ;Qhdj;ij 

mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l ehlhf 

Kd;Ndhf;fp efh;jy; 

njhopy;El;gg; ghpkhw;wk; 

ifj;njhopy; hPjpahd ghJfhg;G 

ehl;bd; Jhpj nghUshjhu tsh;r;rpf;F tpq;QhdKk;> 

njhopy;el;gKk; Kf;fpakhd Kd; Njitg;ghLfshFk;. 

jw;NghJ vkj ngUk;ghyhd tsq;fspdhy; 

Fiwe;jstpyhd gad;ghNl ngwg;gLfpd;wJ. 

,jd; fhuzkhf murhq;fkhdJ jdJ 

gq;fspg;gpD}lhf etPd tpQ;Qhdj; njhopy;- 

El;gq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp tsq;fis kpfTk; 

nraw;jpwdhfTk;> tpidj;jpwdhfTk; gad;gLj;- 

Jtij cWjp nra;J nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;. 

jdpahh; jiwahdJ Muha;r;rp mgptpUj;jpapy; 

KOikahd gq;fspg;igr; nra;ahjjdhy; 

murhq;fkhdJ Muha;r;rp mgptpUj;jpj; Jiwapy; 

KidTfis vLg;gjpYk; trjpaspg;gjpYk; Kf;fpa 

gq;fhw;w Ntz;bAs;sJ. eNdh njhopy;El;g 

epiyak; kw;Wk; eNdh tpQ;Qhdg;g+q;fh 

Nghd;wtw;iw mikg;gjd; Nehf;fk; ifj;njhopy; 

Jiwapd; mgptpUj;jpapy; eNdh mbg;gilahd 

Muha;r;rp kw;Wk; njhopy;El;gg; ghpkhw;w 

nra;Kiwia ,dq;fhzYk; Muk;gpj;jYkhFk;. 

MuR-jdpahh; gq;Filik mbg;gilapy; 

muR - jdpahh; gq;Filik 

njhopy;El;gk; nrwpthd ifj;njhopy; Kaw;rpfs; 

kw; Wk; tpQ; Qhd kw; Wk; njhopy; El; g 

eltbf;iffspy; jdpahh; Jiwapd; gq;Fgw;wiy 

Cf;Ftpg;gjhFk;. 

,yq;ifapy; fk;kh fjph;tPr;R njhw;W ePf;fp 

trjpia Vw;gLj;Jtjw;fhf gy Nehf;F fk;kh 

fjph; tPr;R nghwpj;njhFjpia cUthf;F 

tjw;fhd fUj;jpl;l Kd;nkhopT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. 

kdpjDf; F nfLjp tpistpf; ff; $ba 

Ez;Zaph;fis nghUl;fspd; juk; ghjpf;fhj 

tifapy; mopg;gjpy; fk;kh fjph;tPr;R njhw;W ePf;fp 

KiwahdJ kpfTk; ghJfhg;ghd njhopy;El;gkhFk;. 

,J cs;Sh; cw;gj;jpahsh;fis ngWkjp 

Nrh;f;fg;gl;l Rfhjhukhd nghUl;fis cw;gj;jp 

nra;tjpy; trjpaspf;Fk;. Rfhjhu Nritfspd; 

Nkk;ghL> ifj;njhopy;fspd; ntspaPl;il kw;Wk; ; 

njhopy;tha;g;ig mjpfhpj;jy;> Vw;WkjpfSf;F 

ngWkjp Nrh;g;G> czTg; ghJfhg;G Nghd;wtw;wpD}lhf 

Njrpa mgptpUj;jpf;F gq;fspg;Gr; 

nra;fpd;wJ. 


116 

gy Nehf;F fk;kh fjph;tPr;R trjp 

ngWkjp Nrh;f;fg;gl;l cah; juj;jpyhd cw;gj;jpg; 

nghUl;fSf;F ntspehl;Lr; re;ijia 

tphpthf;FjYk;;> mjd; %yk; me;epar; 

nryhtzpf;fhd xU %yj;ij tpUj;jp 

nra;jYkhFk;. 

fpuhkpa kf;fspd; ifj;njhopy; nghUl;fSf;F 

tpiyia mjpfhpg;gjd; %yk; ; fpuhkpa kf;fspd; 

tUkhdj;ij mjpfhpj;jy;. 

Gjpa ifj;njhpopy; cw;gj;jpg; nghUl;fspd; 

cUthf;fj;jpD}lhf fpuhkpa Ntiy tha;g;- 

Gf;fis mjpfhpj;jy;. 

kUj; Jt cgfuzq; fspd; ,wf; Fkjp 

Fiwf;fg;gLtjdhy; ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzp 

Ntkpf;fg;gLk;. 

epjp %yk; 



Mz;L 2008 

cw;gj;jpg; nghUl;fis ghjpf;fhj tifapy; ; kdpjDf;F 

NfL tpistpf;ff; $ba Ez;Zaph;fis mopg;gjw;Fg; 

gad;gLj;jg;gLk; xU rpwe;j ghJfhg;ghd njhopy;El;gNk 

fk;kh fjph; tPr;R njhw;W ePf;fp KiwikahFk;. 

,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; gpujhd Nehf;fkhdJ ,yq;ifapy; 

fk;kh fjph;tPr;R njhw;W ePf;fp trjpia cUthf;FtjhFk;. 

ngWkjp Nrh;f;fg;gl;l MNuhf;fpakhd cw;gj;jpg; 

nghUl;fis cw;gj;jp nra;tjw;F cs;Sh; ifj;njhopyhsh;fSf;F 

trjpia Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLf;Fk;. ehl;bw;F 

fzprkhd mstpy; me;epar; nryhtzpia cioj;Jf; 

nfhLf;Fk; ifj;njhopy;fshd ,wg;gh; ifAiwfs;> 

fly; czTg; nghUl;fs;> kw;Wk; thridj;jputpaq;fs; 

Nghd;w ifj;njhopy;fSf;F ,j;njhopy;El;gj;jpd; 

NjitahdJ ,d;wpaikahjjhfTs;sJ. ,J Rfhjhuj; 

Njitfspd; Nkk;ghL> ifj;njhopyfspd; ntspaPl;ilAk; 

kw;Wk; njhopy; tha;g;Gf;fisAk; mjpfhpj;jy;> 

Vw;Wkjpfspd; kPjhd ngWkjpr; Nrh;g;G kw;Wk; czTg; 

ghJfhg;G Nghd;wtw;wpD}lhf Njrpa mgptpUj;jpf;F 

gq;fspg;Gr; nrYj;Jfpd;wJ. 

&. 302.2 kpy;ypad; 

cs;@H 

&. 302.2 kpy;ypad; 



gy Nehf;F fk;kh fjph; tPr;R nghwpj;njhFjpia epWTtjw;fhf ,yq;if 

KjyPl;Lr; rigapdJ gpafik Vw;wkjp nraw;ghl;L tyaj;jpy; xU fhzpj; 

Jz;il toq;Ftjw;F ,zq;fpAs;sJ. ,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpid 

nraw;gLj;Jtjw;fhd jpl;lg; gzpg;ghsuhf gzpahw;Wtjw;F nghwpapayhsh; 

xUtiu njhopypy; mkh;j;Jtjw;F mikr;ruit mDkjp ngw;Wf; 

nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJ. Njitahd fjph; tPr;R cgfuzq;fspd; ; ngWiff;fhf 

rh;tNjr hPjpahf Nfs;tp kDf;fs; Nfhug;gl;Ls;sd. cgfuzq;fis 

nghUj;Jtjw;fhf clNd eph;khzg; gzpfs; Muk;gpf;fg;gLk;.

eNdh njhopy;El;g epiyak; kw;Wk; 

eNdh tpQ;Qhdg; g+q;fh 

,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; %yk; ,yq;ifapy; eNdh njhopy; 

El;g kj;jpa epiyankhd;iwAk;> eNdh tpQ;Qhdg; 

g+q;fh xd;iwAk; ];jhgpg;gijNa ,f;f-Uj;jpl;lk; 

Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;Ls;sJ. eNdh njhopy; El;g kj;jpa 

epiyankhd;wpd; kw;Wk; eNdh tpQ;Qhdg; g+q;fhtpdJk; 

g+h;thq;f Ntiyfspd; gpujhd Nehf;fq;fs; ;> ifj;njhopy; 

Jiwapd; mgptpUj;jpf;Fk; kw;Wk; cs; ehl;bYk;> ntsp 

ehl;bYKs;s ,yq;ifapd; rpwe;j njhopy;El;gtpayhsh;fisAk;> 

tpQ; ;QhdpfisAk; ftuf; $ba tifapyhd 

njhopy;Kaw;rp fyhr;rhuj;ij Vw;gLj;jf;$baJkhd 

eNdh tpQ;Qhdj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l Muha;r;rpfisAk;> 

eNdh njhopy;El;g khw;wy; nra;Kiwfis 

,dq;fhzYk;> Muk;gpj;jYkhFk;. ,J kpfTk; Ez; 

mZ kl;lj;jpy; (%yf;$Wfspd;); kl;lj;jpy; ,aw;if 

tsq;fis tbtikj;jy; kw;Wk; ,ae;jpuf;fiyapD}lhf 

,aw;if tsq;fspd; ghtidia tphpthf;Fjy;: NkYk; 

,k;Kaw;rpahdJ jw;Nghija ifj;njhopy; JiwahdJ 

Jhpjkhf tphptile;J cyfj;juj;jpyhd nghUl;fspd; 

mgptpUj;jpapD}lhf Gjpa ifj;njhopy;fs; cUthFk;. 

&. 5,620 kpy;ypad; 

cs;Sh; %ytsq;fisAk; kw;Wk; ngWkjp 

Nrh;g;Gf;fisAk; gad;gLj;Jk; ifj;njhopy;fis 

Nkk;gLj;Jjy;. kw;Wk; etPd kag;gLj;Jjy;. eNdh 

njhopy El;gj;jpd; gad;ghlhdJ Njitahd Gjpa 

njhopy;El;gq;fis toq;Fk;. 

eNdh njhopy;El;gj;Jiwapy; epGzj;Jtk; tha;e;j 

,yq;if tpQ;Qhdpfspd; mwpit gad;gLj;jp 

,j;Jiwapy; Kjd;ik epiyia miljy;. 

ghjfkhd jhf;fq;fsw;w vhpnghUs;> Rj;jkhd 

ePh;tsk;> itj;jpa Nritfspd; ; Nkk;ghL kw;Wk; 

tptrhaj;jpd; cw;gj;jpj;jpwd; mgptpUj;jpapy; 

Nkk;ghL Nghd;w kdpj Njitfis g+uzg;gLj;Jtjpy; 

eNdh tpQ;Qhdj;ijg; gad;gLj;j 

Kbfpd;wJ. 

epjp %yk; 

cs;@H 

&. 5>620 kpy;ypad; 

mur jdpahH gq;Filik 




Mz;L 2011 

xU mur jdpahh; gq;Filikahf ,yq;if eNdh njhopy;el;g kw;wk; eNdh 

tpQ;Qhd g+q;fhit xU epWtdkhf mikg;gjw;fhd mikr;ruit mDkjp 

ngwg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e; epiyaj;ijAk; g+q;fhitAk; mikg;gjw;fhd fhzp 

N`hkhfik gpl;bgidapy; ,dq;fhzg;gl;Ls;sJ. Jw;NghJ Muk;g fl;l 

eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhf jdpahh; Jiw epWtdnkhd;wpdhy; fl;blk; 

xd;W toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Njrpa tpQ;Qhd epWtfkhdJ eNdh njhopy;El;gk; 

njhlh;ghf ghlrhiy khzth;fs;> tpQ;Qhdpfs;> ifj;njhopy; Kaw;rpahsh;fs; 

kw;Wk; nghJ kf;fSf;F mwpt+l;Lk; epfo;r;rpfs;> gapw;rpg;gl;liwfs;> 

fUj;juq;Ffs;> njhiyf;fhl;rp epfo;r;rpfs; vd;gtw;iw elhj;jp tUfpd;wJ. 


118 

Rw;whly; kw;Wk; 

,aw;if tsq;fs; 

Mz;L 2008 

KjyPLfs; 

&.1,595 kpy;ypad; 

gpyp]U - xd;wpizf;fg;gl;l fd fopT 

Kfhikj;Jt epfo;r;rpj; ;jpl;lk; 

Mz;L 2008 

,aw;if tsq;fspd; Kfhikj;Jt 

Ntiyj;jpl;lk; 

Mz;L 2010 

nfhOk;G> fk;g`h kw;Wk; fSj;jiw 

khtl;lq;fspy; fd fopTfspw;fhd 

Kfhikj;Jtk; 

ue;njhu Njrpa cl;fl;likg;G trjpfs; mgptpUj;jp epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk; - ifj;njhopy;fs;

,aw;ifAld; $ba xU 

mikjpahd epyg;gug;G 

epiyNgwhd nghUshjhuk; 

epiyNgwhd Rw;whly; 

Kfhikj;Jtk; 

jukhd tho;f;if 

,aw;if tsq;fs; kw;Wk; Rw;whly; khriljy; 

kw;Wk; moptiljy; vd;gd ehl;bd; nghUshjhu 

mgptpUj;jpia ghjpf;Fk; gpujhd fhuzpfshf 

fhzg;gLfpd;wd. vdNt> jw;Nghija kw;Wk; 

vjph;fhy jiyKiwapd; [Ptdhk;r Njitf;F 

epiyNgwhd ,aw;if ts Kfhik kw;Wk; 

Rw;whly; Kfhikj;Jtk; kpfTk; Kf;fpa 

mk;rkhFk;. 

,r; rthiy rhjfkhd Kiwapy; mZFtjw;fhf 

ehL g+uhTk; gy;NtW tifahd fUj;jpl;lq;fs; 

mKy;gLj;jg;gl;L tUfpd;wd. ,yq;ifapd; 

twz;l kw;Wk; ,ilg;gl;l tyaq;fspd; ,aw;if 

tsq;fspd; Kfhikj;Jtj;ij Nkk;gLj;JtjD}lhf 

tWikj; jzpg;Gf;F gq;fspg;Gr; 

nra;tNj ,aw;if ts Kfhikj;Jt jpl;lj;jpd; 

Nehf;fkhFk;. “gpyp]U” xd;wpize;j fd fopT 

Kfhikj;Jt epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; Nkw;F 

kw;Wk; tl kj;jpa khfhzq;fspy; xd;wpize;j 

fd fopT Kfhikj;Jt epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lj;jpid 

cUthf;Ftjw;F vjph;ghh;f;fg;LgLfpd;wJ. 

,j;jpl;lk; ; fopT mfw;wypdhy; Vw;gLk; ghjfkhd 

Rw;whly; jhf;fq;fisf; Fiwf;f cjTtNjhL 

,aw;if hPjpahd Kiwikfs; kw;Wk; kf;fspd; 

Rfhjhuk; kw;Wk; eyd;fs; cWjpg;gLj;jg;gLk;. 

“gpyp]U” jpl;lj;jpw;F cl;glhj gpuNjrq;fspy; 

,Nj Nghd;wnjhU fd fopT Kfhikj;Jt 

epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lnkhd;W nfhhpa murpd; cjtpAld; 

(KOICA.) mKy;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. 


120 

gpyp]U - xd;wpizf;fg;gl;l fd fopT 

Kfhikj;Jt epfo;r;rpj; ;jpl;lk; 

fopTg; nghUl;fis chpa Kiwapy; mfw;Wtjid 

cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf Nky; kw;Wk; tl Nky; 

khfhzq;fspy; Kiwahd xd;wpizf;fg;gl;l fd 

fopT Kfhikj;Jt epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lnkhd;iw 

];jhgpg;gjw;F vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; 

fPo; fSj;Jiw> fk;g`h> mDuhjGuk; 

kw;Wk; nghyd;dWit khtl;lq;fs; cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. 

xd;wpizf;fg;gl;l fd fopT Kfhikj;Jt 

Kiwikfis mKy;gLj;Jtjw;fhf 

cs;Suhl;rp kd;wq;fSf;F mjpfhu rigfSf;F 

xd;wpizf;fg;gl;l fopTg;; nghUl;fSf;fhd 

Kfhikj;Jtj;Jtj;Jf;fhd tpopg;Gzh;T+l;Ljy;;> 

cl;fl;likg;G trjpfisAk;> epjp trjpfisAk; 

Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLj;jYk;> fopT cUthf;fj;jpid 

Fiwg;gjw;fhd eltbf;iffis vLg;gJNk 

,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; gpujhd Nehf;fq;fshFk;. 

; nghJ kf;fspdJk;> midj;J epWtdq;fspdJk; 

RWRWg;ghd 

midj;J fopT cUthf;fq;fspdJk; r%f 

hPjpahd nghWg;igAk; cWjpg;gLj;Jjy;. 

Xd;wpizf;fg;gl;l rw;whly; hPjpahf tpidj;jpwdhd 

fopT ePf;f Kfhikj;Jt gpuNahfq;fspy; 

nghJ kf;fspdJk;> midj;J epWtdq;fspdJk; 

RWRWg;ghd 

tPLfspypUe;J ntspNaw;wg;gLk; fopTfisf; 

Fiwj;jYk;. 

fopT ePf;fj;jpw;fhfTk;> MNuhf;fpak; kw;Wk; 

kf;fspd; eyDf;fhfTk;> #oy; hPjpahd 

KiwikfSf;fhfTk; Rw;whly; hpjpahd Nkhrkhd 

tpisTfis Fiwj;jy;. 

epjp %yk; 




cs;@H 




mKy;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. 

Mz;L 2008

,yq;ifapd; cyh; kw;Wk; ,il tyaq;fspy; Nkk;gLj;jg;gl;l 

,aw;if tsq;fspd; KfhikapD}lhf tWikiaf; 

jzpg;gjpy; gq; ;fspg;Gr; nrYj;JtNj ,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; 

nghJthd Nehf;fkhFk;. td tsj; jpizf;fsk; ;> kw;wk; 

Vida ,J njhlh;ghd epWtdq;fs; ; ; r%f hPjpahd gq;fspg;G 

mZFKiwapD}lhf ,aw;if tsq;fspd; Kfhikapid 

mwpKfk; nra;tjw;F vjph;ghh;f;fpd;wd. 

,jd; gpujhd mq;fq;fshtd: 

n xUq;fpize;j ,aw;if ts Kfhikj;Jtj;jpw;F epWtd 

hPjpahd Mjutspj;jy;. 

n r%f gq;Fgw;wYldhd ,aw;if ts Kfhikj;Jt 

Kiwikfs; 

n fUj;jpl;l Kfhikj;Jtk;. 

epjp %yk; 

cs;@H 




ntspehL: 


mT];jpNuypa khdpa cjtp 

,aw;if tsq;fspd; Kfhikj;Jt 

Ntiyj;jpl;lk; 

td tsj; jpizf;fsj;jpd; td tsj; jfty; 

myifAk; kw;Wk; td ts tphpthf;fy; 

myifAk; kPs;fl;likg;Gr; nra;jy;. 

td tsj; jpizf;fsj;jpd;;; mYtyh;fSf;Fk; 

kw;Wk; Vida Nritfis toq;FNthUf;Fk; 

gapw;rpaspj;jy;. 

fs kl;lj;jpy; td ts mgptpUj;jpj; 

jpl;lq;fisAk;> td ts Kfhikj;Jtj; 

jpl;lq;fisAk; mKy; gLj;Jjy;. 

Ez; tpahghu Kaw;rpfspd; mgptpUj;jpf;F 

Mjutspg;gjw;fhf Ez;epjp nghwpKiwfis 

,dq;fhzYk;> toq;FjYk;. 


Mz;L 2008 

547 &. kpy;ypad; 

,f;fUj;jpl;lk; 2008Mk; Mz;bd; ,Wjpapy; KbTf;Ff; ; nfhz;L tug;gLk;. 

,f;fUj;jpl;lk; ,yq;ifapy; ; Nkk;gLj;jg;gl;l ,aw;if ts Kfhik kw;Wk; 

td Current tsq;fspd; ,Ug;igg; ghJfhg;gjpYk;;> ,aw;if tsq;fis tpUj;jp 

nra;tjpYk;; Statusfzprkhd 

mstpy; gq;fspg;Gr; nrYj;JfpwJ. td 

tsj;jpizf;fsk; r%f hPjpahd gq;fspg;gpD}lhf td ghpghyd eltbf;if 

Kiwikfis ntw;wpfukhd Kiwapy; Muk;gpj;jpUf;fpd;wJ. ,f;fUj;jpl;lk; 

cyh; kw;Wk; ,il tyaq;fspYk; tWikia xopg;gjw;Fk;> tho;thjhu 

eltbf;iffis tpUj;jp nra;tjw;Fk; Fwpg;gpl;lstpy; gq;;fspg;ig 

nrYj;JfpwJ. r%fq;fs; tptrha hPjpahd cw;gj;jpj; jpwdpYk;> ePhpd; juk;> 

kw;Wk; caphpay; gy;tifj;jd;ik vd;gtw;wpd; Nkk;ghL njhlh;ghf njhlh;e;Jk; 

mwpf;ifapl Ntz;Lk;. Vida murhq;f epfo;r;rpj;;jpl;lq;fspYk;> 

eltbf;ifspYkhd njhlh;GfSk; cUthf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd. 


122 

nfhOk;G> fk;g`h kw;Wk; fSj;Jiw 

khtl;lq;fspy; fd fopTfspw;fhd 

Kfhikj;Jtk; 

,yq;ifapy; Nkw;F> kw;Wk; kj;jpa khfhzq;fspy; 

fhzg;gLk; fopTfspw;fhd fopTfis ntspNaw;Wk; 

gpuNahfq;fs; njhlh;ghd gpur;rpidfisj; jPh;g;gNj 

,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; gpujhd Nehf;fkhFk;. ,f;fUj;jpl;lk; 

Kjy; fl;lj;jpy; nfhOk;G> fk;g`h kw;wk; fSj;Jiw 

khtl;lq;fspy; Muk;gpf;fg;gLk;. gpyprU fUj;jpl;lj;jpdhy; 

,f;fUj;jpl;lk; cs;slf;fg;glhj gpuNjrq;fspy; 

,f;fUj;jpl;lk; mKy;gLj;jg;gLk;. 

,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; gpujhd mq;fq;fs; gpd;tUtdthFk;: 

n fopTfisr; Nrfhpf;Fk; epiyaq;fis ];jhgpj;jy; 

n fd fopT Kfhikj;Jt epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lj;ij 

mKy;gLj;Jtjw;fhf cs;Suhl;rp epWtdq;fSf;F epjp 

trjpfisAk;> cl;fl;likg;G trjpfisAk; toq;Fjy;. 

n Fyitfspdhy; cUthf;fg;gl;l (fk;Ngh];l;) jahhpg;G 

myFfis ];jhgpj;jy;. 

n cs;Suhl;rp kd;wq;fSf;fhd mwpT+l;ly; epfo;r;rpfis 

elhj;Jjy;. 

n cs;Suhl;rp kd;wq;fSf;fhd tPLfspypUe;J 

ntspNaw;wg;gLk; fopTfis ntspNw;Wtjw;fhd Fiwe;j 

nrytpyhd Jg;Guthf;fg;gl;l fhzpfis epug;Gjiy 

eph;khzpj;jy;. 

nghJr; Rfhjhuj;ij cUthf;Fjy;. 

fdf; fopT Kfhikapy; nghJ kf;fis 

RWRWg;ghf

n rpwe;j tho;fifj; juj;jpw;fhf... 

kf;fspd; tho;f;ifj; juj;ij 

Nkk;gLj;Jtjpy; Kiwikahd efuk; 

kw;Wk; kdpjf; FbapUg;G mgptpUj;jpahdJ 

Njrpa mgptpUj;jp Ntiyr; rl;lfj;jpy; 

Kf;fpakhdnjhU ,lj;ij 

gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. NkYk; ,J 

KO ehl;bd; nghUshjhuj;jpd; nraw;jpwd; 

kw;Wk; tpidj;jpwd; vd;gtw;iw 

mjpfupg;gjpYk; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;fpd;wJ. 

ghupa efu mgptpUj;jp fUj;jpl;lq;fshd 

gQ;rpfhtj;ij> ghupa jk;Gis 

jpUNfhzkiy kw;Wk; FbirapypUe;J 

NfhGuj;jpw;F vd;w tPlikg;Gj; jpl;lk; 

Nghd;wtw;wpdhy; tpupTgLj;jg;gLk;. 

nghUshjhu eltbf;ifapdhy; 

Fwpg;gplj;jf;fsthd Neub kw;Wk; 

kiwKfkhd njhopy; tha;g;Gf;fs; 

Vw;gLj;jg;gLk;. Fwpg;gpLk; gbahf jk;Gis 

Nghd;w gpuhe;jpa tsu;r;rp ikaq;fspd; 

efu mgptpUj;jp kw;Wk; 

tPlikg;G 

mgptpUj;jpahdJ jw;NghJs;s 

mgptpUj;jpapd; gpuhe;jpa rkkpd;ikia 

Fiwg;gjpy; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;Ak; vd 

vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. gQ;rpfhtj;ij 

Kf;Nfhzg; gpuNjrk; mgptpUj;jp 

nra;ag;gLtjdhy; nfhOk;G khefukhdJ 

xU gpujhd tu;j;jf kj;jpa jskhf 

khw;wkiltjid cs;ehl;L kw;Wk; 

ntspehl;L KjyPl;lhsu;fSf;F xU 

ftu;r;rpfukhd ,lkhf mikAk;. 

,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpD}lhf Nghf;Ftuj;J 

neupry; Fiwf;fg;gly;> Fiwe;j tUkhdk; 

ngWk; FLk;gq;fspd; tPLfs; 

Nkk;gLj;jg;gLjy; vd;gd Nkyjpf 

mD$yq;fshFk;. nfhOk;G efuj;jpd; 

gpujhd epyg;gug;gpy; gue;J fhzg;gLk; 

Nrupf; FbapUg;Gf;fs; kPs; Fbaku;j;jg;gl;L 

me;epyg;gug;Gf;fs; jpwdhd Kiwapy; 

mgptpUj;jp Kaw;rpfspy; gad;gLj;jg;gL- 

tjw;fhd re;ju;g;gq;fs; cUthf;fg;gLk;. 

`k;ghe;Njhl;il epu;thff; fl;blj; njhFjp 

kw;Wk; fz;fhl;rpf; $lj;jpd; epu;khzg; 

gzpfs; g+u;j;jpailAk; gl;rj;jpy;> 

`k;ghe;Njhl;il efukhdJ njd; 

khfhzj;jpy; gpujhd tu;j;jf kw;Wk; 

tpahghu kj;jpa epiyakhf 

mgptpUj;jpailAk;. mjdhy; #oTs;s 

gpuNjrq;fspd; Ntiyapy;yhg; gpur;rpid 

kw;Wk; tWik vd;gtw;iw Fiwg;gjpy; 

gq;fspg;Gr; nra;Ak;. ,jw;F Nkyjpfkhf 

gpuNjr kf;fs; jkJ Nritfis xNu 

$iuapd; fPo; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk;. 

ghhpa jpUNfhzkiy mgptpUj;jpj; 

jpl;lj;jpD}lhf jpUNfhzkiy efuhdJ 

fpof;F khfhzj;jpd; r%f kw;Wk; 

nghshjhu mgptpUj;jpapd; khjhd rf;jpaf 

mikaTs;sJ. 

ue;njhu Njrpa cl;fl;likg;G trjpfs; mgptpUj;jp epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk; - efu mgptpUj;jp kw;Wk; tPlikg;G 123

124 

efu mgptpUj;jp kw;Wk; tPlikg;G 

n Nkk;gLj;jg;gl;l tPLfs; n etPdkhd efu ikaq;fs;; n rpwe;j FbapUg;Gf;fs; 

Gj;jsk; khtl;lj;jpy; tlgFjpapy; 

,Ue;J cs;ehl;by; 

,lk;ngau;e;jtu;fSf;fhd tPlikg;G 

jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; eyd;Gup epiyaq;fspy; 

tho;e;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; 

FLk;gq;fSf;fhf 5>580 epue;jukhd 

tPLfs; fl;lg;gl ,Uf;fpd;wd. FbePu; 

tpepNahfk;> Jg;guNtw;ghl;L Nritfs; 

kw;Wk; kpd; tpepNahfk; Nghd;w Nkyjpf 

NritfSk; ,j;jpl;lj;jpD}lhf 

toq;fg;gLtjdhy; Gj;jsk;> Ke;jy;> 

fy;gpl;b kw;Wk; tdhj;jtpy;Y Nghd;w 

gpuNjr nrayhsu; gpuptpYs;s kf;fspd; 

tho;f;ifj; juKk; Nkk;ghlilAk;. 

njhopy; re;ijapd; Nfs;tpfSf;F 

Vw;Gilajhf ,g;gpuNjr ,isQu;fSf;F 

njhopw;gapw;rpAk; ,j;jpl;lj;jpy; 

toq;fg;gLlTs;sJ. Kg;gilfspYk; 

Nritahw;Wfpd;w giltPuu;fspd; 

FLk;gq;fSf;fhf mEuhjGu khtl;lj;jpy; 

,g;nghNyhfikahy; 1>620 tPLfisf; 

nfhz;l fpuhkk; mikf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. 

ue;njhu Njrpa cl;fl;likg;G trjpfs; mgptpUj;jp epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk; - efu mgptpUj;jp kw;Wk; tPlikg;G 

,jdhy; giltPuu;fspd; kNdhtypik 

kw;Wk; mu;g;gzpg;G vd;gd mjpfupf;Fk;. 

,J Kg;gilfSf;Fk; Mszpapdiur; 

Nru;j;Jf; nfhs;sg;gLtij Cf;Ftpf;Fk;. 

ngUe; Njhl;lj; njhopyhsu;fSf;fhd 

50>000 tPLfs; epu;khzpj;j Nkk;gLj;jy; 

fUj;jpl;lj;jpD}lhf ngUe;Njhl;lj; 

njhopyhsu;fspd; tho;f;ifj;juk; 

Nkk;gLj;jg;gLtNjhL mtu;fSf;F r%f 

mq;fPfhuk; fpilf;fg; ngWfpd;wJ.

Mz;L 2008 

Rdhkpapdhy; Nrjkile;j tPLfis 

Gduikj;jy 

Mz;L 2008 

`k;ghe;Njhl;il epu;thff; fl;blj; njhFjp 

kw;Wk; ru;tNjr khehl;L kz;lgk; 

Mz;L 2008 

giltPuu;fSf;fhd etPd tPlikg;Gf; fpuhkk; ; 

Mz;L 2009 

Gj;jsk; khtl;lj;jpy; cs;s cs;ehl;by; 

,lk; ngau;e;jtu;fSf;fhd tPlikg;Gj; jpl;lk; 

Mz;L 2010 

NrupapypUe;J NfhGuj;jpw;F (ngypd; ke;jpua) 

efu; Nrupf; FbapUg;Gf;fspy; thOk; 

FLk;gq;fSf;F tPLfs; ngw;Wf; nfhLj;jy;. 

Mz;L 2012 

ghupa jpUNfhzkiy mgptpUj;jp fl;lk; - I 

Mz;L 2015 

Njhl;lj; njhopyhsu;fSf;F 50>000 tPLfs; 

epu;khzpj;jy; 

Mz;L 2016 

gQ;rpfhtj;ij Kf;Nfhz mgptpUj;jpj; jpl;lk; 

Mz;L 2016 

ghupa jk;Gs;is mgptpUj;jp 

n cs;ehl;by; ,lk; ngaHe;jtHfSf;fhd tPLfs; 

n rpwe;j tho;f;ifj;juj;ij miljy; n jpwdhd nghUshjhu eltbf;iffs; 

KjyPLfs; 

&. 167,868 kpy;ypad; 

%yk;: tuT nryTj;jpl;l kjpg;gPL 2006/2007 


126 

Rdhkpapdhy; Nrjkile;j tPLfis 

Gduikj;jy; Mz;L 2008 

Rdhkpapdhy; tPLfis ,oe;j FLk;gq;fSf;F rpwe;j FbapUg;Gf;fisg; 

ngw;Wf; nfhLg;gNj ,j;jpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fkhFk;. ,e;epfo;r;rpj; 

jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; 114>000 Rdhkpapdhy; mope;j my;yJ gOjile;j 

tPLfs; Gduikg;Gr; nra;tjw;F vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,r;Rdhkp 

tPlikg;Gj; jpl;lkhdJ> ,uz;L gFjpfisf; nfhz;lJ. KjyhtJ 

tPl;Lupikahsu;fspdhNyNa jkJ tPLfisg; Gduikj;jy;@ ,jd; 

fPo; murhq;fj;jpdhYk; mgptpUj;jpg; gq;fhsu;fspdhYk; 

toq;fg;gLk; fhR khdpak; kw;Wk; njhopy; El;g cjtpiaf; 

nfhz;L jkJ tPLfis jhNk Gdu; epu;khzk; nra;J nfhs;sy;. 

,J Gduikg;G kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jpf;fhd Kftuhz;ikapdhy; 

xUq;fpizg;Gr; nra;ag;gl;L Nkw;ghu;it nra;ag;gl;lJ. Mdhy;> 

jw;NghJ xUq;fpizg;Gg; nghWg;ghdJ Njrj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;Gk; 

kw;Wk; Njhl;l cl;fl;likg;G mikr;rplk; xg;gilf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. 

,uz;lhtJ> Rdhkpapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;L ghJfhg;G tyaj;jpDs; 

mike;j tPLfis ,oe;jtu;fis gpwpNjhu; ,lj;jpy; kPs;FbNaw;wk; 

nra;jy; ,jw;Fj; Njitahd epjpahdJ> ed;nfhilahsu;fs;> 

ru;tNjr mur rhu;gw;w epWtdq;fs;> cs;Su; mur rhu;gw;w 

epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk; jdpg;gl;l gq;fspg;ghsu;fspdhy; ngw;Wf; 

nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ. ,k;KiwahdJ> ed;nfhilahsu;fspdhNyNa 

mKy;gLj;jg;gl;ljhFk;. ed;ik ngWNthiuj; njupT nra;jy; 

kw;Wk; ; nghUj;jkhd fhzpiag; ngw;Wf; nfhLj;jy; vd;gd cupa 

khtl;lr; nrayhsu;fspdhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. 

n ,uz;L KiwikfSf;Fkhd nghUj;jkhd ed;ik ngWNthu; 

ntt;Ntwhf ntspg;gilahd Kiwapy; milahsk; fhzg;gLk;. 

n tho;thjhuj; njhopYf;F kpf mz;kpa ,lq;fspy; nghUj;jkhd 

kPs;FbapUg;G fhzpfs; milahsk; fhzg;gl;lJ. 

n ghjpf;fg;gl;l FLk;gq;fis kPs;FbNaw;wk; nra;Ak; NghJ 

KOikahf ,ytrkhd fhzpAk; tPLk; fl;bf; nfhLf;fg;gLk;. 

n ghJfhg;G tyaj;jpw;F ntspapy; tPLfis ,oe;jtu;fSf;F 

&gh 250>000 Nrjkile;j tPLfSf;F &gh 100>000 fhR 

khdpakhf toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ. 

tPl;Lf;F tPL vd;w nfhs;ifapd; fPo; gFjpastpy; 

my;yJ KOikahf Nrjkile;j tPLfSf;F Gjpa 

xU tPL my;yJ jpUj;jpaikf;fg;gl;l tPL. 

FbePu; tpepNahfk;> Rfhjhu Nritfs;> kpd;rhuk; 

kw;Wk; cs;sfg; ghijfs; mlq;fyhf Nkk;gLj;jg;gl;l 

cl;fl;likg;G trjpfs;. 

njhopy;fis kPs Muk;gpg;gjw;fhd trjpfs;. 

Rdhkpapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l fiuNahug; gpuNjrj;jpy; 

tUkhdky;yh tWikia Fiwj;jy;. 

eyd;Gup epiyaq;fis guhkupg;gjpy; murhq;fj;jpd; 

nrytpidf; Fiwj;jy; 

epjp %y;q;fs; 


48,000 &. kpy;ypad; 

tPl;Lupikahsu;fspdhNyNa jkJ tPl;ilj; jpUj;jpf; nfhs;Sk; 

jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; epu;khzpf;fg;gl;l xU tPL. 

ed;nfhilahsHfs; 

cyf tq;fp &. 9>850 kpy;ypad; 

V];gPrp &. 1>650 kpy;ypad; 

Nfvy;lgp &. 1>600 kpy;ypad; 

Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fp &. 792 kpy;ypad; 

VidatHfs; &. 34>108 kpy;ypad; 

ed;nfhilahsu;fs;> rmrhep> cmrhep kw;Wk; jdpg;gl;l nfhilahsu;fs; 


tPl;Lupikahsu;fspdhNyNa tPLfisj; jpUj;jy; (85>000 tPLfs;) 

n 67>250 tPLfs; g+uzg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. 

kPs; Fbaku;j;jy; jpl;lk; (29>000 tPLfs;) 

n 18>900 tPLfs; g+uzg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd.. 

n 7>000 tPLfs; epu;khzpf;fg;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd.

`k;ghe;Njhl;il epu;thff; fl;blj; 

njhFjp kw;Wk; ru;tNjr 

khehl;L kz;lgk; 

&. 4,657 kpy;ypad; 

midj;Jr; NritfisAk; etPd trjpfSld; 

jukhdjhfTk; rpwg;ghdjhfTk; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sf; 

$ba tifapy; jw;NghJ gy;NtWgl;l 

,lq;fspYk; mike;Js;s mur fUkgPlq; fis 

xNu $iuapd; fPo; nfhz;L tUjy;. 

etPdkakhd nrhFrhd Ntiyr; #oiy 

toq; FtjD}lhf mur Nritapd; 

nraw;jpwidAk; tpidj;jpwidAk; mjpfupj;jy;. 

ru;tNjr kl;lj;jpyhd khehl;L kw;Wk; fz;fhl;rp 

kz;lgj;jpid epu;khzpg;gjD}lhf njd; 

khfhzj;jpy; jdpahu; KjyPl;lhsu;fisf; ftu;jy;. 

cs;ehl;L kw;Wk; ntspehl;L J}Jf; FOf;fSf; 

fhd jq;Ftjw;fhd trjpfisr; nra;J 

nfhLj;jy;. 

thrpfrhiyfs;> rpw;Wz;br;rhiyfs; kw;Wk; efu 

nghJ trjpfis mspg;gjD}lhf kf;fspd; 

tho;f;ifj;juj;ij Nkk;gLj;jy;. 

`k;ghe;Njhl;il xU tu;j;jf ikakhf 

mgptpUj;jpailtjdhy; mz;kpj;j gpuNjrq;fspd; 

cw;gj;jpg; nghUl;fSf;F epahakhd kw;Wk; 

cWjpahd tpiy cWjpg;gLj;jg;gLk; 

epjp %yk; 

cs;@H 

&. 1>837 kpy;ypad; 


&. 1>623 kpy;ypad; 

ntspehL: 

&. 660 kpy;ypad; - fld; 

&. 2>160 kpy;ypad; - fld; 

nfhhpah muR 


Mz;L 2008 

Kd;nkhopag;gl;Ls;s `k;ghe;Njhl;il 

tu;j;jf efu ikaj;jpy; epu;thf fl;blj; 

njhFjp xd;Wk; ru;tNjr khehl;L 

kz;lgk; xd;Wk; epWTtNj ,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; 

Nehf;fkhFk;. ,j;jpl;lj;jpd; 

gpujhd eltbf;iffs; gpd;tUkhW: 

n rpwe;j Nritfis toq;Ftjw;fhf 

ehd;F khbfisf; nfhz;l epu;thff; 

fl;blj; njhFjpapid epu;khzpj;jy;. 

n khehl;L kz;lgk;> fz;fhl;rp kz;lgk; 

kw;Wk; rpw;Wz;br;rhiy vd;gtw;iw 

cs;slf;fpajhd cs;ehl;L> 

ntspehl;L KjyPl;lhsu;fis Cf;Ftpf;ff;$ba 

tifapy; fl;blj; 

njhFjp xd;iw epu;khzpj;jy;. 

n nghJkf;fspd; ghtidf;fhd g]; 

jupg;gplKk; nghJ thfdj; jupg;gplKk; 


cupa fl;blj; njhFjpfis epu;khzpg;gjw;fhd epu;khzg; gzpfs; ,uz;L 

nfhupa epWtdq;fSf;F xg;gilf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. 


128 

,j; jpl; lkhdJ mEuhjGu khtl; lj; jpy; 

,g;Nyhfikapy; mike;Js;sJ. epu;khzg; gzpfs; 

,yq;if epu;khz xg;ge;jf;fhuu; rq;fj;jpdhy; 

Nkw;ghu;it nra;ag;gLtJld;> ed;ik ngWNthu;> 

ghJfhg;G mikr;R kw;Wk; nghJg; ghJfhg;G> rl;lk; 

kw;Wk; xOq;F mikr;rpdhy; njupTnra;ag;gl 

Ntz;;;Lk;. ,j;jpl;lj;jpd; gpujhd $Wfs; fPNo 

nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. 

n 1>700 tPl;L myFfspd; epu;khzk;. 

n kpd; tpepNahfk;> cs;sfg; ghij kw;Wk; Vida 

cl;fl;likg;G trjpfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhLj;jy;. 

n FbePu; tpepNahfk;> tbfhyikg;G> kioePu; 

mfw;wy; kw;Wk; fopT mfw;wy; trjpfisg; 


n filj; njhFjp kw;Wk; thfdj; jupg;gpl trjpfisg; 


giltPuu;fs; rhjhuz tpiyapy; cupa 

cl;fl;likg;G trjpfSld; $ba jdpahd 

tPl;bidg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sjy;. 

kpd;rhuk;> ePu; tpepNahfk; kw;Wk; ghij Nghd;w 

gpujhd cl;fl;likg;G trjpfSld; ,g;gpuNjrk; 

mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;gLk;. 

mur Copau;fSf;Fg; ngw;Wf; nfhLf;fg;gLk; 

tPl;Lf; fld; jpl;lj;jpw;Fr; rkkhd rYif 

mbg;gilapyhd fld; trjpapdhy; giltPuu;fSk; 

ed;ikailtu;. 

giltPuu;fspd; kdtypikiaAk; mu;g;gzpg;Gk; 

mjpfupf;Fk;. 

Kg;gilfSf;Fkhd Gjpa Ml;Nru;g;Gf;fis 

Cf;Ftpf;Fk;. 

epu;khzf; fhyj;jpd;NghJ jw;fhypfkhd njhopy; 

tha;g;Gf;fs; cUthf;fg;gLk;. 

giltPuu;fSf;fhd etPd 

tPlikg;Gf; fpuhkk;; Mz;L 2008 



&. 2,268 kpy;ypad; 

khjpup tPL gpNuupf;fg;gl;Ls;s giltPuu;fs; fpuhkk; 

epjp %yk; 

cs;@H 

&. 2>268 kpy;ypad; 

mur jpul;ba epjp kw;Wk; ,yq;if tq;fp 

524 tPl;L myFfspd; epu;khzg; gzpfs; Vw;fdNt Muk;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

Gj;jsk; khtl;lj;jpy; cs;s 

cs;ehl;by; ,lk; ngau;e;jtu;fSf;fhd 

tPlikg;Gj; jpl;lk; 

Gj;jsk; khtl;lj;jpy; eyd;Gup epiyaq;fspy; tho;e;J 

nfhz;bUf;Fk; cs;ehl;by; ,lk; ngau;e;jtu;fSf;F 

epue;jukhd FbapUg;Gf;fisg; ngw;Wf; nfhLg;gNj 

,e;epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fkhFk;. ed;ik 

ngWNthu;fspdhNyNa Ra cjtp mbg;gilapy; 

tPLfs; epu;khzpf;fg;gLk;. xt;nthU ed;ik 

ngWNthUf;Fk; mjpfgl;r khdpakhf &gh 250>000 

tPLfspd; epu;khzj;jpd; nghUl;L ngw;Wf; 


cs;ehl;by; ,lk; 

ngaHe;jtHfSf;fhd 

tPlikg;Gj;jpl;lj;jpy; 

mikf;fg;glTs;s xU 

khjpjphp tPL. 

Gj;jsk;> Ke;jy;> fy;gpl; ;b kw;Wk; tdhj;jtpy;Y 

gpuNjr nrayhsu; gpupTfspYs;s 5>580 

,lk;ngau;e;j FLk;gq;fSf;F epue;ju 

FbapUg;Gf;fs; ngw;Wf;nfhLf;fg;gLk;. 

midj;Jf; FbapUg;ghsu;fSf;F mbg;gil 

cl;fl;likg;G trjpfshd FbePu;> Rfhjhuk; kw;Wk; 

Nrkey Nritfs; ngw;Wf; nfhLf;fg;gLk;. 

eyd;Gup epiyaq;fisg; guhkupg;gjw;fhd murpd; 

nrytpdk; FiwtilAk;. 

,isQu;fspd; tho;thjhu eltbf;iffspy; 

Vw;gLk; tpupthf;fypdhy; FLk;gq;fspd; tUkhdk; 

mjpfupf;Fk;. 

epu;khzj;Jiwapy; FWfpafhy Ntiytha;g;- 

Gf;fs; cUthf;fg;gLk;. 

epjp %yk; 

cs;@H 



&. 3,500 kpy;ypad; 


&. 1>500 kpy;ypad; 

ntspehL: 

&. 3>250 kpy;ypad; 

cyf tq;fp 

Mz;L 2009 

fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; Muk;gf;fl;l tbtikg;G Ntiyfs; g+u;j;jp nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd. 

,yq;if murpw;Fk; cyf tq;fpf;Fkpilapy; ,j;jpl;lj;jpw;F epjpaspg;gjw;fhd 

xg;ge;jk; fle;j Nk 2007 ,y; ifr;rhj;jplg;gl;lJ. 


130 

NrupapypUe;J NfhGuj;jpw;F 

(ngypd; ke;jpua) efu; Nrupf; 

FbapUg;Gf;fspy; thOk; FLk;gq;fSf;F 

tPLfs; ngw;Wf; nfhLj;jy;. Mz;L 2010 

nfhOk;G kw;Wk; Gwefu;g; gFjpfspy; Nrupf; 

FbapUg;Gf;fspy; thOk; 2>700 FLk;gq;fSf;F rYif 

epge;jid mbg;gilapy; tPLfisf; fl;bf; nfhLg;gNj 

,j;jpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fkhFk;. NkYk;> jw;NghJ 

nghUshjhu uPjpahf gad;gLj;jg;glhky; ,Uf;Fk; 

12.5 Vf;fu; tp];jPuzkhd epyg;gug;ghdJ kPl;fg;gl;L 

tu;j;jf kw;Wk; jpwdhd njhopy; Jiwfspy; 

gad;gLj;jg;gLtjw;F vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. 

n jw;NghJs;s Nrupf; FbapUg;Gf;fis mopj;jy;. 

n efu;g;Gw Viofspd; nrhj;Jf;fSf;F mq;fPfhukspj;jy;. 

n Fiwe;j tUkhdk; kw;Wk; Fiwe;j eLj;ju 

tUkhdk; ngWk; FLk;gq;fSf;F tPLfisg; ngw;Wf; 

nfhLj;jy;. 

n nghUshjhu uPjpahf gad;gLj;jg;glhj efu;g;Gw 

fhzpfis tu;j;jf kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jp 

eltbf;iffspy; gad;gLj;Jjy;. 

xWnfhltj;ijapYs;s tJY Nrtd 

tPlikg;Gf; fl;blj; njhFjpapd; xUgFjp 

Fiwe;j tUkhdk; kw;Wk; Fiwe;j eLj;ju 

tUkhdk; ngWk; 2>700 FLk;gq;fis kPs;Fbaku;j;jy;. 

epu;khzj;Jiwapy; Neub kw;Wk; kiwKfj; 

njhopy; tha;g;Gf;fisg; ngw;Wf; nfhLj;jy;. 

efu kj;jpapy; kPl;fg;gl;l 12.5 Vf;fu; epyg;gug;gpy; 

tPlikg;G kw;Wk; Vida tu;j;jf njhopy; 

Kaw;rpfis cUthf;fy;. 

Nrupf; FbapUg;ghsu;fs; kw;Wk; Fiwe;j tUkhdk; 

ngWk; FLk;gq;fSf;F mLf;Fkhb tPLfisg; 


efu;;tho; Viofspd; r%f kw;Wk; tho;f;ifj;juj;ij 

cau;j;Jjy;. 

Nrupf; FbapUg;Gf;fis ,y;yhky; nra;tjD}lhf 

efuj;jpd; moif cau;j;JtNjhL> #oy; 

khriljiyAk; Fiwf;fyhk;. 

epjp %yk; 

cs;@H 

jpul;L epjpak; - &. 258 kpy;ypad; 

jpiwNrhp fld; - &. 500 kpy;ypad; 



&. 4,443 kpy;ypad; 

&. 4,443 kpy;ypad; 

Kd;tpw;gid - &. 337 kpy;ypad; 

ntspehL: &. 3>348 kpy;ypad; 

kNyrpa tq;fp 

jpiwNrupapd; epjpiag; gad;gLj;jp 48 tj;ij> kw;Wk; tJs;is tj;ij 

tPlikg;Gj; jpl;lq;fs; g+uzg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. kNyrpah tu;j;jf tq;fpapd; 

KjyPl;Lld; 2008 Mk; mz;by; NkYk; 2500 tPLfs; epu;khzpf;fg;gl ,Uf;fpd;wd. 

wPy; epWtdk; Vw;fdNt kNyrpa tu;j;jf tq;fp kw;Wk; epu;khzj;Jiw 

fk;gdpAlDk; xg;ge;jk; nra;J nfhz;Ls;sd.

ghupa jpUNfhzkiy mgptpUj;jpj; jpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fkhtJ> 

jpUNfhzkiy efuj;ij KO fpof;Ff; fiuNahug; gpuNjrj;jpdJk; 

nghUshjhu kw;Wk; r%f Kd;Ndw;wj;jpd; gpujhd rf;jpahf mgptpUj;jp 

nra;tjhFk;. ,e;Nehf;fj;ij mile;Jnfhs;tjw;fhf jpUNfhzkiy 

efuj;ij fpof;F khfhzj;jpy; Kjw;gbahd Nritfs; toq;Fk; efukhf 

mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;gLk;. ,jdhy; jpUNfhzkiy efukhdJ fpof;F 

khfhzj;jpd; ,uz;lhk;> %d;whk;gb efuq;fspd; nghUshjhu tsu;r;rpf;Fg; 

gq;fspg;Gr; nra;Ak;. ,NjNtis kl;lf;fsg;G kw;Wk; mk;ghiw efuq;fs; 

,k;khfhzj;jpd; ,uz;lhk;gb Nritfs; toq;Fk; efuq;fshf mgptpUj;jp 

nra;ag;gLk;. fpof;F khfhzj;jpd; ngsjPf mikg;Gj; jpl;lj;jpd;gb 

jpUNfhzkiy efukhdJ gpuhe;jpa nghUshjhu ikakhf nraw;gl 

Ntz;bAs;sJ. ,J Vida efu ikaq;fSld; gpujhd tPjpfs;> njhlu;G 

tPjpfs; kw;Wk; cs;sf tPjpfspdhy; njhlu;G gLj;jg;gLk;. ,g;ghij 

tiyg;gpd;dyhdJ jpUNfhzkiyapy; cw;gj;jpahf;fg;gLk; nghUl;fs; 

NritfSf;F rpwe;j re;ij tha;g;Gf;fisg; ngw;Wf; nfhLf;Fk;. ,jw;F 

Nkyjpfkhf gpNuupf;fg;gl;Ls;s mikg;G tiuglkhdJ> Vida 

cl;fl;likg;G trjpfspd; mgptpUj;jp kw;Wk; kdpjf; FbapUg;Gf;fs; 

vd;gtw;iwAk; fUj;jpw; nfhz;Ls;sJ. 

n epyhntsp> jk;gyfhkk;> fd;dpah> rk;g+u; kw;Wk; fpz;zpah Mfpa 

efuq;fisj; njhlu;GgLj;jpa ntsptl;lg; ghij epu;khzpf;fg;gLk;. 

n fiuNahug; gpuNjrq;fspy; nghUj;jkhd miktplq;fspy; Rw;Wyhf; 

ifj;njhopypd; mgptpUj;jpf;F trjpfs; nra;J nfhLf;fg;gLk;. 

n gpujhd efu ikaq;fs; kw;Wk; Vida ,uz;lhk;gb efuq;fSf;F 

FbePu; tpepNahfj;jpd; toq;fy; cWjp nra;ag;gLk;. 

n g]; jupg;G epiyak;> thfdj; jupg;gplk; kw;Wk; jpwe;jntspfs; Nghd;w 

Vida efu cl;fl;likg;G trjpfs; ngw;Wf; nfhLf;fg;gLk;. 

mgptpUj;jpapy; gpuNjr NtWghl;ilf; Fiwj;jy; 

,g;gpuNjrj;jpy; ePz;lfhy KjyPl;il 

Cf;Ftpj;jy; 

tUkhdk; ciof;Fk; topfis jpwg;gjd; Clhf 

tWikf;fhd re;ju;g;gj;ijf; Fiwj;jy;. 

mjpf njhopy;tha;g;Gf;fSf;fhd re;ju;g;gq;fis 

Vw;gLj;jy;. 

Kiwikahd efu mgptpUj;jp nraw;ghl;il 

cWjp nra;jy;. 

ghupa jpUNfhzkiy 

mgptpUj;jp fl;lk; - I 

epjp %yk; 

cs;@H 

&. 3>000 kpy;ypad; 



ntspehL: 

&. 15>000 kpy;ypad; 


Mz;L 2012 

&. 18,000 kpy;ypad; 

ghupa jpUNfhzkiy ngsjpf tiuglk; g+uzg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. ntsptl;lg; 

ghijapdJk; Gjpa epu;thff; fl;blj; njhFjpapdJk; epu;khzg; gzpfs; 

Muk;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. 


132 

Njhl;lj; njhopyhsu;fspd; tho;f;if epiyia cau;j;Jk; 

Nehf;fpy; Njitahd mbg;gil trjpfSld; $ba rpwg;ghd 

FbapUg;G trjpapidg; ngw;Wf; nfhLg;gNj ,j;jpl;lj;jpd; 

Nehf;fkhFk;. tPLfshdJ> r%fg; gq;fspg;Gld; 

epu;khzpf;fg;gLk;. ed;ik ngWNthu; fl;blg; nghUl;fisf; 

nfhs;tdT nra;Jnfhs;tjw;fhf rYif mbg;gilapyhd 

fld; trjp nra;J nfhLf;fg;gLk;. ,j;jpl;lkhdJ fhyp> 

,uj;jpdGup> Nffhiy> gJis> fz;b> EtNuypah> khj;jis> 

khj;jiw> FUehfy;> Gj;jsk;> nkhduhfiy kw;Wk; 

fSj;Jiw Mfpa khtl;lq;fspy; Njhl;lj;Jiwia 

epjp %yk; 

cs;@H 

&. 18>000 kpy;ypad; 

mur epjp kw;Wk; gy;jug;gl;l ed;nfhil 

mikg;Gf;fs; 

2008 Mk; Mz;Lf; fhd tuTnryTj; jpl;l 

xJf;fk; - &. 1>000 kpy;ypad; 

yad; miwfs; kw;Wk; jw;fhypf tPLfspy; 

trpf;Fk; 50>000 Njhl;lj; njhopyhsu; 

FLk;gq;fSf;Fg; Gjpa tPLfs;. 

Fiwe;j gl;rk; 7 Ngu;r; msitf; nfhz;l 

fhzpfSf;F cupj;Jilatuhtu;. 

Rj;jkhd FbePu;> Nrkeyd; kw;Wk; kpd;rhu trjp 

Nghd;w mbg;gil trjpfs; ,yFthf ngw;Wf; 

nfhs;sy;. 

ngUe;Njhl;lj; Jiwapy; tUkhdky;yh 

tWikahdJ Fiwtiljy;. 

Njhl;lj; njhopyhsu;fspdhy; vjpu;Nehf;fg;gLk; 

,lneUf;fb> Rfhjhuk; kw;Wk; Nrit eyk; rhu;e;j 

gpur;ridfs; Fiwtiljy;. 

Njhl;lj; njhopyhsu;fSf;F 

50>000 tPLfs; epu;khzpj;jy; Mz;L 2015 



cs;slf;fpajhFk;. ,j;jpl;lj;jpd; gpujhd eltbf;iffs; 

fPNo jug;gl;Ls;sd: 

n xt;nthd;Wk; 500 rJu mbfis jiug; gug;ghff; nfhz;l 

50>000 tPLfs; epu;khzpj;jy;> Nkk;gLj;jy;. 

n ghijfs;> kpd;rhuk; kw;Wk; FbePu; Nghd;w mbg;gil 

cl;fl;likg;G trjpfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhLj;jy;. 

n rdr%f epiyak; kw;Wk; rpWtu; tpisahl;L muq;Ffs; 

Nghd;w nghJ trjpfs; ngw;Wf; nfhLf;fg;gLk;. 

&. 18,000 kpy;ypad; 

,f;fUj;jpl;lkhdJ> ehl;ilf; fl;bnaOg;gy; kw;Wk; Njhl;l cl;fl;likg;G 

mgptpUj;jp mikr;R> Njrpa tPlikg;G mgptpUj;jp mjpfhu rig> Njhl;lj; 

njhopyhsu; tPlikg;Gf; $l;LwTr; rq;fq;fs;> ngUe;Njhl;l kdpjts mgptpUj;jp 

epjp kw;Wk; gpuNjr nrayhsu;fs; Mfpa gq;fhspfspd; gq;fspg;Gld; 

mKy;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. 22>325 tPLfspd; epu;khzg; gzpfs; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. 

11>400 tPLfspd; epu;khzg; gzpfs; KbAk; jWthapYs;sd.

&. 30,000 

kpy;ypad; 

,j;jpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fkhdJ kUjhid tPjp> 

gQ;rpfhtj;ij tPjp kw;Wk; = rq;f uh[ 

khtj;ij Mfpatw;iw vy;iyfshff; 

nfhz;l 8.2 n`f;lau; Kf;Nfhz 

gpuNjrj;ij FbapUg;G> tu;j;jf kw;Wk; nghJ 

trjpfs; vd;w %d;W gpujhd eltbf;if 

tyaq;fshf mgptpUj;jp nra;tjhFk;. 

Nrhpf; FbapUg;Gfspy; thOk; 2>300 FLk;gq;fSf;F 

etPd khb tPLfs; ngw;Wf; nfhLj;jy;. 

etPd trjpfSld;$ba tu;j;jf njhFjpapy; 

jw;Nghija fil cupikahsu; 500 NgUf;F 

tpahghu ,lk; ngw;Wf; nfhLj;jy; 

Gjpa KjyPLfs; kw;Wk; tpahghu re;ju;g;gq;fs; 

%ykhf nrd;kjp epYit rhjfkhd jhf;fj;ij 

Vw;gLj;Jk;. 

neupry; kw;Wk; Rw;whly; khriljiy 

Fiwg;gjD}lhf etPd trjpfSld; $ba efu 

#oy; xd;iw cUthf;Fjy;. 

nfhOk;gpd; tlf;F Eiothapyhf ,Uf;Fk; 

gQ;rpfhtj;ij Kf;Nfhz gpuNjrj;ij xU gpujhd 

tu;j;jf kj;jpa epiyakhf mgptpUj;jp nra;jy;. 

gQ;rpfhtj;ij Kf;Nfhz 

mgptpUj;jpj; jpl;lk; 

epjp %yk; 

cs;@H 

&. 12>000 kpy;ypad; 

ntspehL: 

&. 18>000 kpy;ypad; 


Mz;L 2016 

n r%f nghUshjhu rhj;jpats Ma;Tfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sd. 

n cgjpl;lq;fs; mKy;gLj;jg;glNtz;ba fyit mgptpUj;jp tyaq;fs; milahsk; 

fhzg;gl;Ls;sd. 

n Fiwe;j tUkhdk; ngWk; FLk;gq;fSf;fhd tPlikg;Gf;fhd fhzpfd; milahsk; 

fhzg;gl;Ls;sNjhL cl;fl;likg;G trjpfs; Nkk;gLj;jg;gl;L tUfpd;wd. 

n ,yq;if KjyPl;L rigapD}lhf ntspehl;L KjyPl;lhsu;fSf;F 

mwpTWj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. 


134 

fPo;tUk; eltbf;iffis mKy;gLj;JtjD}lhf 

jk;Gs;is efuj;ij xU gpujhd nghUshjhu tsu;r;rp 

ikakhf mgptpUj;jp nra;tjw;F vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ: 

n ifj;njhopy; g+q;fhf;fs; kw;Wk; efu ikaq;fis 

mgptpUj;jp nra;jy; 

n r%f cl;fl;likg;ig Nkk;gLj;jy; 

n ghij kw;Wk; Nghf;Ftuj;J tiyg;gpd;diy 

Nkk;gLj;jy;. 

n Rw;Wyh tpLjpfis mgptpUj;jp nra;jy; 

n njhy;nghUs; kw;Wk; fyhr;rhu Kf;fpaj;Jtk; 

tha;e;j gpuNjrq;fisg; ghJfhj;jy;. 

&. 39,000 

kpy;ypad; 

tptrhak;> ifj;njhopy; kw;Wk; Nritj; Jiwapy; 

tUkhdk; ciof;Fk; re;ju;g;gq;fis 

tpupthf;Fjy;. 

cl;fl;likg;G> fsQ;rpak;> tq;fp kw;Wk; fhg;GWjp 

trjpfis Nkk;gLj;JtjD}lhf cs;Su; 

cw;gj;jpahsu;fs; cs;Su; kw;Wk; ntspehl;L 

re;ijfspy; Eiotjw;fhd re;ju;g;gq;fis 

tpupthf;Fjy;. 

cw;gj;jpf; fpuhkq;fs; kw;Wk; efuq;fSf;fpil 

apyhd tiyg;gpd;diy cUthf;FtjD}lhf 

re;ijf;Fk; tptrhag; gz;izf;Fkpilapyhd 

,ilntspiaf; Fiwg;gjD}lhf tptrhag; 

nghUl;fSf;F epiyahd kw;Wk; cau; tpiyia 

cWjp nra;jy;. 

cs;sfg; ghijfs; gpujhd ghijfSld; 

,izf;fg;gLtjdhy; gpuahzpfs; kw;Wk; gz;lg; 

Nghf;Ftuj;J trjpfs; Nkk;gLj;jg;gLk;. 

fyhr;rhu kuGupikfisg; ghJfhg;gjD}lhf 

Rw;Wyhj; njhopiy kPz;Lk; fl;bnaOg;Gjy;. 

,jd;%yk; #oy;rhu; Rw;Wyhg; gazpfs; 

tUtij mjpfupj;jy;. 

ghupa jk;Gs;is mgptpUj;jp Mz;L 2016 



epjp %yk; 

cs;@H 

&. 3>000 kpy;ypad; - jpul;ba epjp 

&. 15>000 kpy;ypad; - cs;SH KjyPL 



ntspehL: 

&. 21>000 kpy;ypad; 


2007 Mk; Mz;by; &gh 400 kpy;ypad; nrytpy; gpd;tUk; cgjpl;lq;fs; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd: 

n ek;Gs;is efuj;jpD}lhf nry;Yk; gpujhd ghijiag; Gduikj;jYk; nghUshjhu 

kj;jpa epiyaj;jpw;fhd Gjpa EioTg; ghijia epu;khzpj;jYk; ;. 

n Nfhu`fy;y kw;Wk; tycy;nghj;j fpuhkq;fspd; cl;fl;likg;G mgptpUj;jp eltbf;iffs; 

r%f gq;fspg;Gld; Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. tPlikg;Gf; fld; jpl;lnkhd;Wk; 

eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. 

gyNehf;F fl;blk; xd;wpd; epu;khz Ntiyfs; Vw;fdNt Muk;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. epu;thff; 

fl;blj; njhFjpapd; epu;khzg; gzpfs; kj;jpa nghwpapay; crhj;Jiz epWtdj;jpw;Ff; 

ifaspf;fg;gl;ls;sJ .

Fwpg;Gfs;

Fwpg;Gfs;

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