WAYAMBA Magazine 2011

All rights reserved. This book or any portion thereof 

may not be reproduced or used in any manner whatsoever 

without the express written permission of the publisher 

except for the use of brief quotations in a book review.









Vii 

fmrjok 

IX 

.re jhU m%Odk 

wud;H;=udf.a m‚úvh'' 

IX 

jhU ixj¾Ok wêldßfha 

wOHË ckrd,a;=udf.a 

m‚úvh'' 

1 

mgqk 

m~qjiakqjr rdcH md,kh 

f.k .sh rcjreka '''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 4 

m`vqjiafoõ rc;=ud ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''4 

mKavqldNh l=udfrda;am;a;sh '''''''''''''''''4 

wNh rc;=ud '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''4 

mKavqldNh rc;=ud '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''5 

m~qjiakqjr rdcOdksfha 

oeln,d .; yels kgnqka 7 

rcud

21 

hdmõj rdcH md,kh f.k .sh 

rcjreka '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 23 

m

31 

l=reKE., rdcOdksfha rdcH 

md,kh f.k .sh rcjreka '''''''''33 

fojk nqjfklnd rc;=ud ''''''''''''''''''''''33 

y;rjk mrdl%undyq rc;=ud '''''''''''''''''33 

;=kajk nqjfklndyq rc;=ud ''''''''''''''''''33 

miajk úchndyq rc;=ud ''''''''''''''''''''''34 

jhU b;sydih úoyd olajk 

ck Y%e;s lsysmhla '''''''''''''''''''''''''35 

l=reKE., rdcOdksfha 

ft;sydisl miqìu '''''''''''''''''''''''''''36 

l=reKE., rdcOdksfha 

oel .; yels kgnqka '''''''''''''''''''''37 

mqrdK fndaëka jykafia ''''''''''''''''''''''''''38 

.f,anKavdr foajd,h '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''40 

we;al| rcuyd úydrh wi, we;s 

.f,anKavdr foajd,h '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''42 

we;al| rcuyd úydrh '''''''''''''''''''''''''42 

we;=., iy nqÿ msrh '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''54 

lgqjkakdj wdik>rh ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''56 

ìx.sßh geïmsg úydrh '''''''''''''''''''''''''56 

mdfo‚h rc uyd úydrh ''''''''''''''''''''''57 

/iafjfyr ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''57 

ß§ úydrh ^rc; f,k& '''''''''''''''''''''''''58 

je,a,E., ^lene,a,Ef,k úydrh& '''''''60 

hla.sßf,k rcuyd úydrh '''''''''''''''''''61 

wrkalef,a wdrKH fiakdikh '''''''''''''''63 

fod¿lkao Tiq jkh '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''64 

ud.,a, jej''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''65 

n;,f.dv jej ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''65 

uylkord jej ^Èh fodr jej& '''''''''''''66 

ly,a,m,af,lef,a jfkdaoHdkh '''''''''''68 




except for the use of brief quotations in a book review. 

mq;a;,ï Èia;%slalh ''''''''''''''''''''''''''69 

l,amsáh jrdh ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''69 

mq;a;,u k.rh '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''69 

y,dj; k.rh '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''70 

uqkafkaYajru '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 71 

l,amsáh ´,kao m,a,sh yd fldgqj ''''''''72 

fiakdkdhl uqo,skaodruh ^flaYOd;= 

ffp;Hh& ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''73 

f;daks., Ys,d f,aLkh '''''''''''''''''''''''''73 

ú,am;a;= cd;sl jfkdaoHdkh ''''''''''''''''''74 

;kshje,a, fofjd, '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''75 

jhU m





fmrjok 

jhU m





.re jhU m%Odk wud;H;=udf.a m‚úvh'' 

jhU ixpdrl wdl¾IŒh ia:dkhla 

njg m;a lr .ekSug jhU ixj¾Ok 

wêldßh orK jEhu w.h fldg i,lñ' 

fuu m









jhU m

2 

m`vqjiakqjr kgnqkaj, o¾Ykhls 

m~qjiakqjr rdcOdksh lr .eksug 

fmr m~qjiakqjr hk kduh ,enqfKa 

flfiaoehs fidhd ne,Sfï§ b;sydi 

.; mqrdjD; j, i|yka jkafka 

nqÿkajykafia msßksjka mE fjila 

fmdfyda Èk i;aishhla msßjr iu. 

,xldjg meñ‚ úch l=ure ;ïuekakd 

kqjr isg 38 jirla rdcH md,kh l< 

nj;a" fu;=udf.ka miqj ,xld rdcH 

Ndr .ekSug t;==udf.a ifydaor iqñ;a; 

l=ure tjk f,i ,dgrg isxyndyq 

kï ;u msh rc;=udg m‚úvhla hejQ 

nj;a" hejQ lsysm Èkhlska úch rcq 

mrf,dj iem;a jQ nj;ah' 

úch rcqf.a m‚úvh ,dgrgg 

,efnk úg t;=udf.a mshd isxyndyq rcq 

urKhg m;aj we;s nj oek .kakg 

,eì we;' mshdf.a urKh fya;=fjka" 

iqñ;a; l=ureg tu rfÜ rclu Ndr 

.ekSug isÿj we;' fuu fya;=j ksid 

iqñ;a; l=ureg ,laÈjg meñŒug 

fkdyels nj okajd iqñ;a; l=uref.a 

l‚gq mq;= ^m~qjiafoõ l=ure& ,laÈjg 

meñK we;' weu;sjre 32 fofkl= 

iu. keõ ke.s m~qjiafoõl=ure 

úch rcqf.a wNdjfhka j¾Ihlg 

miqj ^ls%'j' 504& ,laÈj Wm;siai mqrhg 

meñ‚ nj i|yka fõ' úch rcq ñh 

hdfuka miqj rcqf.a m%Odk weu;sjrhd 

^Wm;siai& rg md,kh l< neúka" tu 

isudj Wm;siai kqjr kñka y÷kajd 





we;' m~qjiafoõ l=ure meñK rclu 

Ndr .ekSfuka miqj fuu Wm;siai 

kqjr m~qjiakqjr kñka m%lg ù 

we;' 

fufia l,la .;jk úg 

nqÿkajykafia f.a iq¿ mshd jQ wñf;daok 

kï YdlH rcqg mKavqldNh kï 

mq;Kq flfkla jQy' fuu mKavqqldNh 

rcqg .dñ‚" rdu" Wrefj," wkqrdO" 

úð;" §>dhq" frdayK kñka mq;=ka 

i;a fofklao" NoaolÉpdhkd kï 

Èh‚hlao isáhy' fuu NoaolÉpdhkd 

l=ußh b;du;a rEu;a jQfhka rcjre 

y;afofkla wE ,nd .eksug W;aidy 

ord we;' fuhg ìh jQ mKavqldNh 

rc;=ud tla whl=g Èh‚h ÿkfyd;a 

wfkla yh fokd ;udg flda,dy, 

lrk neúka msßjr ia;S%ka 32 fkl= 

iu. NoaolÉpdhkd Èh‚h irik 

,o kejl kxjd rcjreka y;afokd 

bÈßfhaÈ kej Èh;a fldg we;' Èh

3 

mSkd f.dia ;u Èh‚h ,nd .ekSug 

yels flfkla isàkï weh ,nd .kakd 

f,i Tjqkg wK lr we;' kuq;a 

fuu rcjre wehj w,a,d .eksug Èh 

mSkd .sho wE fidhd .; fkdyels 

úh' NoaolÉpdhkd l=ußh /.;a kej 

f.d¿ uqyqog meñK l%ufhka ,laÈj 


ud Th wi, f.dak.ï mgqkg meñ‚ 

nj i|yka fõ' 

wyïfnka ,xldjg meñ‚ 

NoaolÉpdhkd l=ußh we;=¿ msßi 

wdrCIdj i|yd m~qjiakqjrg 

meñ‚fhah' f;dr;=re oek.;a rcq 





NoaolÉpdhkd l=ußh irK mdjd .;a 

nj i|yka fõ' rcq legqj wd weu;sjreka 

msßig NoaolÉpdhkd l=ußh msßjrd 

f.k meñ‚ ldka;djka ;siafofokd 

irKmdjd ÿka njo i|yka fõ' fuh 

oek.;a NoaolÉpdhkd l=ußhf.a 

mshd mKavqqldNh rcq i;=gq ù we;' 

NoaolÉpdhkd l=ußhf.a ifydaorhka 

y;afokd f.ka .dñŒ l=ure yer wks;a 

l=udrjre yh fokdg ke.‚h oel 

.ekSu i|yd ,laÈjg tjQ nj i|ykah' 

fuu l=udrjreka m~qjiafoõ rcq we;=¿ 

rg jeishka W;aijdldrfhka ms

4 

m~qjiakqjr rdcH md,kh f.k .sh rcjreka 

iqñ;a; rcqf.a nd, mq;d jQ 

m~qjiafoõ rcq CI;%sh jxYslfhls' 

fu;=ud bkaÈhdfõ ,dgrg isg 

l%s'mQ' 504 ,xldfõ Wm;siai mqrhg 

meñ‚fhah' iqoafOdaok rcqf.a fidhqre 

wñf;daok rcqf.a mq;df.a Èh‚h jQ 

NoaolÉpdhkd l=ußh w.fufyish 

lr .;af;ah' wef.a fidhqrka 

y;afokdf.ka rdu" Wrefj," wkqrdO" 

úð;" §>dhq yd frdayK hk ih fokdo 

,laÈjg meñ‚ w;r ,xldfõu mÈxÑj 

we;' 

mKavqqldNh l=udrhd bmÈfuka 

ál ld,hlg miqj m~qjiafoõ 

rc;=ud wNdjm%d;a; úh' fu;=udf.a 

wNdjfhka miq t;=udf.a mq;=ka 

oifokd w;frka jeäuy,a mq;=jk 

wNh l=udrhd isxydikh Ndrf.k 

wks;a ifydaorhka iuÕ rg md,kh 

lrñka m~qjiakqjr úiSh' ifydaor 

l=udrjreka iuÕ rg md,kh lrkakg 

hdu ksid jir 20 lg muK iSud jQ 

wNh rcqf.a rdcH ld,h ;=< ,laÈj 

ÈhqKqj i|yd ie,lsh hq;= fiajhla 

bgq fkdùh' ta w;r mKavqqldNh kï 

;u nEKkqjka iuÕ fkdfhla jr 

hqoaO lsßug isÿùuo rfÜ ÈhqKqjg 

ndOdjla úh' wNh l=ure rdcHhg 





m~qjiafoõ rcq NoaolÉpdhkd 

l=ußh yd újdy ùfuka miqj Tjqkg 

mq;=ka oifofkla yd Ñ;%d kï tlu 

Èh‚hlao jQy' jeäúhg m;a Ñ;%d l=ußh 

ÿgqjka Wu;= lrk ;rï rEm fYdaNdfjka 

hqla; jQfhka o Wkaudo Ñ;%d kñka 

m%isoaêhg m;ajQjdh' wehf.a flakaøh 

mßCId l< kCI;%jreka wehg mq;Kq 

flfkl= ,eîu fya;=fjka ududjreka 

urjd rclu ,nd .kakd njg wkdjels 

m

5 

meñK l,la .; jQ miq mKavqqldNh 

l=udrhd ms

6 

.eksug lghq;= lr 

we;s nj i|yka fõ' 

Bg wu;rj fuu rdcOdksfha 

rcl< rcjreka f,i 

uyis¿" uy;sia" omamq," 

w.afnda" uyúchnd" uy 

merl=ïnd" lS¾;s Y%s rdcisxy 

wdÈ rcjreka fuu kqjr yd 

wjg rcl< nj i|yka fõ' 

oeóug;a Èh‚hl ,enqfkd;a 

yodjvd .eksug;a" ;srKh lr 

.ksñka §>.dñŒ l=udrhdg 

Wïudo Ñ;%d l=ußh irKmdjd 

¥ka nj i|yka fõ' 

§>d.dñŒ l=ure iuÕ 

újdy jQ Ñ;%d l=udßldjg ál 

Èklska msxj;a mqf;l= Wm; 

,enqjdh' Ñ;%d l=ußh ;udg 

mq;l= ,enqfkd;a urd ouk nj 

l,ska oek isá ksid bmÿKq 

ú.i l=¿÷,a orejd /l .eksug 

;u odishf.a ud¾.fhka tÈk 

Wmka fjk;a Èh‚hla f.kajd 

;ud ,Õ ;ndf.k ;u mq;a 

l=ureg §mKavqldNh hk ku 

;nd lyjKq oyila o iu.ska 





f.dm¿ f.hlg hejQ nj i|yka 

fõ' l=udrhd f.dm¿ ksjfia 

yeÈ jeã ksis jhig m;a jQ 

úg Ys,am Ydia;% yodrd we;' 

ududjreka fï nj fkdo;a 

fyhska ke.‚hg ,enqKq 

Èh‚h wdrCId lr .ksñka l,a 

f.jkakg jQy'

7 

m~qjiakqjr rdcOdksfha oel n,d .; yels kgnqka 

rcud

pl%djd,h 

8 

wdÈh fojkmE;sia rcq iuhg wh;a 

hehs ie,fla' 

o

9 

pl%djd,h 






m~d jej 

m~d jej m~qjiafoõ rc;=ud úiska 

lrjk ,oaols' miq ld,fha§ fuu jej 

uyd mrdl%undyq rc;=ud úiska úfYaI 

m%;sixialrKhla lr mrdl%u iuqøh 

kñka y÷kajd we;' b;d úYd, N+ñhla 

mqrd fuh úisÍ ;snqk o j¾;udkfha 

m~d jej fu,iska oel n,d.; 

fkdyels fõ'









mqrdK ;=ka isxy,h reyqKq" msysá 

iy udhd hkqfjka fldgiaa 

;=klg fnod ;snq‚' iqm%lg oUfo‚ 

rdcOdksh wh;a jkafka udhd rgghs' 

oUfo‚ y;am;a;=j f,iska fnod 

fjka fldg ;snQ oUfo‚h .sßW,a,go 

kdrïu,go uOHhfha msysgd we;' 

isxy, rdcH jxY l:dfõ m%Odk 

ia:dkhla .kakd oUfo‚ rdcOdksh 

jir 52 la mqrdjg Y%S ,xldfõ w.k.rh 

jQ njg i|yka fõ' ,xld b;sydifha 

rdcOdks ksß; È.g ixl%uKh ùfï 

uQ,sl mshjr f,i oUfo‚ rdcOdksh 

wdrïN ùu i|yka l< yelsh' fuh 

Y%S ,xldfõ ;=kajk rdcOdksh njg 

m;aj ;sfí'

12 

mri;=re wdl%uK yuqfõ 

ish rdcH wdrCId lr .ekSfï 

Ndr¥r ld¾hhg uqyqK §ug tl< 

rcjrekag isÿúh' .sßÿ¾.hla u; 

msysgd oUfo‚h m¾j;h rdcOdkshla 

njg m;a lr .kakg we;af;ao 

thg ms

oUfo‚ rdcOdksfha rdcH md,kh f.k .sh rcjreka 

13 

úfoaY wdl%u‚lfhl= jQ ld,sx. 

ud> rcrg wdl%uKh fldg ;udf.a 

l=ßre l%shd l,dmh jHdma; lrñka 

isá wjÈfha§ WiajQ m¾j; ÿ¾.hkays 

n,fldgq ;kdf.k jdih l< 

m%dfoaYSh kdhlhska w;ßka jvd;au 

ckm%sh;ajhla ysñ lr.;af;a oUfo‚h 

m¾j;h kqjrla lr .ksñka úiQ ;=kajk 

úchndyq l=udrhdh' pQ, jxYhg wkqj 

úchndyq l=udrhd ix>fndaê rc 

fm

14 

;=kajk úchndyq rcqg mrdl%undyq 

yd nqjfklndyq kñka mq;=ka 

fofofkla jQy' ;udf.ka isxydikh 

ysñúh hq;af;a ljfrl=g oehs úuid 

neÆ rcq jvd;a iqÿiaid jQ ;udf.a 

jeäuy,a mq;=g rclu i|yd bv i,id 

ÿkafkah' ta wkqj ;=kajk úchndyq 

rcq mrdl%undyq l=urej ix>rlaÅ; 

udysñmdKka fj; wOHdmkh i|yd 

hjk ,§' 

;reK mrdl%undyq l=ure ish¿u 

l,d Ys,am m%.=K lr lvq Ys,amh" 

ÿkq Ys,amh" kS;s Ydia;%h jeks úIhka 

o iQieg l,dfjka o by

15 

msg;alr yer we;s w;r úchndyq l=ure 

b;d ks¾NS; whqßka igka lr i;=rd 

mrojd wdmiq oUfo‚hg meñŒug 

fmr fojqkaor Wmq,ajka foúhkag 

ia;+;s mQcd meje;ajQ nj b;sydifha 

i|yka fõ' 

bka wk;=rej ls%'j' 1255 § 

mrdl%undyq rcq fmdf mrdch fldg thdf.ao 

ck kdhlhskaf.ao leue;a; iys;j 

úchndyq l=ure rclug f;dard.kakd 

,§' 





úchndyq rcq ;udf.a ifydaorhska 

jQ nqjfklndyq l=ure hdmõfõ o 

;sf,dalu,a, l=ure uydj;a;, 

.%dufhys o mrdl%undyq yd chndyq 

l=udrjreka msh rcqf.a ;kshg oUfo‚ 

ud

16 

rcrgg f.dia wkqrdOmqrfhyso" 

fmdf

oUfo‚ rdcOdksfhys kerôh yels ia:dk 

17 

ud

18 

ud

19 

u; msysá ;j;a .,al=









l= 

reKE., Èia;%slalfha jkaks 

y;am;a;=fõ hdmõj lkao msysgd 

we;' fuh rdcOdksh lr .ekSug fmr 

NslaIq jdiia:dkhla jYfhka mej;s 

njg lkafoa .,a m¾j; j, msysgd 

;sfnk f,kaj, fldgd we;s lgdrï 

j,skq;a" n%dyaó ,sms j,skq;a meyeÈ,s fõ' 

hi,d,l ;siai rcq urdoud —iqN˜ fodrgq 

md,lhd È.=ld,hla hdmõj l÷ uqÿfka 

n,fldgqjla ;kd .ekSu fya;=fjka 

§hi mõj" fyj;a §hi§ m¾j;h hkak 

jHjydrhg tlaù we;' 

iqN mín; hkak miqj 

iqN.sß" iqNdp, hkqfjka Ndú;d ù Bg 

iudk jpkhla jQ —hymín;˜ hdmõj 

m;aj we;'

22 

oy;=ka jk ishjfia§ rdcH 

uOHia:dkhla jYfhka fhdod 

.ekSfuka wk;=rej ,xldfõ m%Odk 

rdcH uOHia:dkh jYfhka jir 

lsysmhla mej;s nj ioyka fõ' 

iqN fikúhd fuu m¾j;h uqÿfka 

ud

23 

hdmõj rdcOdksfha rdcH md,kh f.k .sh rcjreka 

nqjfklndyq rcq oUfo‚fha rclu 

oerefõ ál ld,hls' hdmõj n,d.sh 

rcq th ;udf.a rdcOdksh lr .;af;ah' 

md,kh f.k hk w;r;=r§ jkaks 

kdhlhska jk lo,sjdg wdmdkhl" 

ysñhdkl" ;Smh" hk kdhlhska 

lsysm fofkl= m

24 

fõ' fuu wjdikdjka; isÿùu rgg 

wNd.Hiïmkak fya;=jla úh' 

ls%'j' 1287 § ijq¿ úchndyq 

fyj;a fndai;a úchndyq rcqf.a mq;a 

mrdl%undyq l=udrhd rclu ,nd.;a 

w;r fmdf

25 

hdmõj rdcOdksh ;=< kerôh yels iqúfYaIs ia:dk 

msg k.rh 

wks;a rdcOdks fukau hdmõj 

rdcOdksho msg k.rhlska yd we;=,a 

k.rhlska iukaú; fõ' msg k.rh 

we;+,a k.rhg jvd fndfyda úYd,h' 

msg mjqf¾ isg k.rfha we;=,a 

w., olajd jQ m%foaYh msg k.rh 

fia .Kka .; yelsh" fï m%foaY ;=< 

úisß me;sÍ we;s W¿ .fvd,a wdÈh 

yefrkakg f.dvke.s,s j, meyeÈ,s 

wjfYaIhkaa olakg fkd,efí' 

tfia jqjo we;=,a k.rfha olakg 

fkd,efnk fmdl+Kq msg k.rfha 

olakg ,eîu fuys úfYaIhls' 

msgÈh w., 

we;=,a k.rh o msg k.rhg 

o we;=,a jk mßÈ k.r m%dldrhg 

msg;ska b;d úêu;aj Èh w., idod 

we;' fuu Èh w.f,ys fofl

26 

we;=,a k.rh 

hdmõj rdcOdksh ;=+< we;s iqúfYaIs 

iaudrlhla w;=ßka fndfydauhla 

we;af;a we;=,a k.rh ;+

27 

mä 11 ke. .sh úg oajdr uKavmhg 

wj;SrK úh yelsh' ;=kajk u¿fõ 

msh.egfm< wdrïNfha msh.eg fomi 

rx.khl fhfok jduk rEm folls' 

ta u; ;enq .,a l=áhl bÈß uqyqfKys 

/Õ=ï mdk k

28 

o

f,ka úydr 

29 

hdmõj ud









W 

;=re È. ;eks;,dfjka ksß;È. 

f;;a l,dmhg we;=,ajk m%Odk 

ud¾.fha jeo.;a ikaêia:dkhl 

l=reKE., rdcOdksh msysgd we;' 

udhd rgg wh;a l=reKE., mqrjrh 

ukrï .,am¾j; j

32 

l=reKE., rdcOdksh lr .ekSug 

fya;+ka folls' tlla oUfo‚h rc 

fm,mf;a l=udrjreka wNHka;r 

foaYmd,k w¾nqo j,g uqyqK §u yd 

oUfo‚fha fndai;a úchndyq rc;=ud 

ñ;% kï fifkúhl= úiska urd 

oeïu;a" oUfo‚ rdcH md,kh wjika 

lr md,k n,h hdmõjg ysñùu;ah' 

th rcjrekaf.a wdrlaIdjg m%udKj;a 

fkdjQfhka l=reKE., md,k 

uOHia:dkh jYfhka fhdod .ekSug 

isÿùu;ah' 





fojk fya;=j jQfha mdKavH 

wêrdcHfha wdrlaIdj yd wdOdr ,enQjka 

úiska wkqrdOmqrh fmdf

l=reKE., rdcOdksfha rdcH md,kh f.k .sh rcjreka 

33 

^j;aysñ nqjfklndyq& 

ft;sydisl we;=.,a mqrjrh 

rdcOdksh lr.;a m

34 

;=< l=reKE., rc l< rcjreka 

fofofkl= .ek i|yka fõ' III jk 

nqjfklndyq f,iska B

35 

jhU b;sydih úoyd olajk ck Y%e;s lsysmhla 

l=reKE., m%foaYh w,a,d .ekSfï 

oreKq igka we;sjQ 1818 le/,a, 

iufha§ i;afldar,fhka igkg 

kdhl;ajh ÿka kdhlfhl= jQ 

yÕ=rkafl; äx.srd, kï foaYfm%añhd 

ÿIag isxy,fhl= úiska mdjd§fuka miq 

w;awvx.=j f.k hqO wêlrKh u.ska 

fjä;nd urd oUq¨ mdf¾ .eÜgqjdk 

uyd úoHd,h wi, uyd ud¾.hg 

wdikakfha ;snQ oejeka; kq. .fia 

t,a,d ;snQ nj ckm%jdofha ths' 

III jk nqjfklndyq rcq úiska 

lrjkq ,oehs úYajdi flfrk 

l=reKE., jej tla wjêhl leãì£ 

hdfuka mej;=ks' l=reKE., úiQ 

kjr;ak uqÈhkafiaf.a mq;%hd jQ 

wmamqydñ keue;a;d bÈßm;a ù ì,a,la 

ÿkafkd;a fuu wk;=r j,lajd .; 

yels hehs rcqg okajd ta i|yd ;udu 

ì,sùug leue;a; m< lr we;' 

tfy;a th bgqlsÍu i|yd Tyq 

rcqf.ka jr folla b,a,d we;' 

tla jrhla jQfha ish mq;Kqjkag 

wêldrï OQrhla yd Njfnda. iïm;a 

msßkeóu fmryer ;ud Ôj;=ka w;r 

isáh§u meje;aùuh' rcq Tyqf.a 

wNs,dYh uqÿkam;a fldg § fmryer 

meje;afjk wjia:dfõ§ ;udu 

ì,sùug fmr rcq úiska wmamqydñ 

mKmsákau jefõ .s,ajd urd j

36 

l=reKE., rdcOdksfha ft;sydisl miqìu 

l=reKE., k.rh mqrdjD;a; j, i|yka jk wdldrhg 

úch rcqf.ka mej; tkakls' úch rcq yd ys|skq 

nerej fyda úch rcq úiska t,jd ouk ,o l=fõ‚h 

f;da‚.,g m,d .sh nj;a" tys ys§ug fkdyels jQ l=fõ‚h 

l=reKE., m%foaYhg m,d wd nj;a" tys .,a m¾j;hlg 

keÕ úch rcqg foia fodfjd,a ;enQ nj;a i|yka 

fõ' tu .,a m¾j;h hlafoiaid., kñka ye|skafõ' 

l=fõ‚hf.a i;=rka mrod ,xld N+ñh ch.;a 

úch rcq ;udg ch f.k ÿka lvqj .,af,kl iÕjd ;enQ 

nj ckm%jdofhys lshfõ" th —chlvq f,k˜ kñkao 

úch rcq ñh.sh miq isrer fkdojd wdrlaId iys;j 

;ekam;a fldg ;enQ f,k —ieÕf,k˜ kñkao y÷kajd we;' 

l=reKE., rcl, j;aysñ nKavdr rcqf.a ud

37 

l=reKE., rdcOdksfha oel .; yels kgnqka 

w;S;fha l=reKE., msysá 

ruŒh ìï fmfoi jQfha 

W;=ßka l=reñ‚hka.,;a 

ol=‚ka we;=.,;a ta l÷jeá 

fol hdlrk ,o bínd.,;a 

w;r jQ N+ñh nj i|yka 

fõ' fuu N+ñh wdrCIs; 

yd ruŒh;ajfhka wkQk jQ 

ksid;a" rcud

38 

we;' fuu l=reKE., o

39 

wkil mßÈ mxp;+¾h iys; we;a" 

wia fiakd iu.ska msß;a iÊcdhk 

uOHfha uy iÕrejk msßjrd 

f.k úYd, fmryerlska fuys 

mqrdK fndaëka jykafia 





jvïjdf.k ú;a rcud

40 

j¾;udkfhao fuu w;s W;=ï 

oka;Od;+ka jykafiaf.a myi ,o 

ud

41 

rcqf.a wejEfuka j;aysñ nKavdr 

l=ure l=reKE., rdcOdksfha rc njg 

m;aúh' rcq w;sYhskau Ok iïm;aj,g 

.scq mqoa.,fhla úh' Tyq rdcH lrk 

wdldrh .ek ful, we;=.,amqr 

rdcOdksfha ue;s weu;sjreka oelajQfha 

n,j;a wm%idohls' thg fya;=j j;aysñ 

nKavdr rcq tjlg rdc iNdfõ 

isxy, wud;Hjreka bj;alr Tyqf.a 

uõ md¾Yjhg wh;a uqia,sï yd ta 

whg ys;j;a wud;H uKav,hla m;a 

lsÍuh' ;jo úydria:dkj, jevisá 

NslaIQka jykafia,dg o odkudk §u 

m%;slafIam l< w;r úydria:dkj,g 

rdcH wkq.%yh ,nd§u wvqlrk ,§' 

fï fya;= ksid tjlg isá NsCIQyq rcq 

yd wukdm ù isáfhah' 

fï ld,fha§ l=reKE., k.r 

uOHfha msysá jej wdYs%;j wmQre 

lg l:djlao m%p,s;j mej;=‚' 

tkï jefõ r;a;rka fiïnqjla u;=jk 

nj;a ál fõ,djla ta foi n,d isák 

úg r;a;rka fiïnq 07 la fmfkkakg 

mgka.kakd nj;ah' j;aysñ nKavdr 

rcq rka fiïnqj .ekSu i|yd jeishka 

msg;a lr hejQ w;r Tjqka ìfida 

fldgqj wi,§ urKhg m;aúh' rka 

fiïnqj .ekSug kï we;=., uqÿfka 

msß;a uKavmhla ;kjd msß;a 

iÊPdhkh l, hq;= nj rcqg 

oekqï fok ,§' rcq thg tlÕ 

jQy" oUfo‚ m%foaYfha lrk ,o 

ryis.; idlÉPdjlg wkqj msß;a 

lSu i|yd NslaIq fjia .;a Y%uK 

fõYOdÍka 64 fofkl= iyNd.s lr 

f.k msß;a foaYkd lsÍfï lghq;= 

wdrïN lr we;' msß;a weisu i|yd 

meñfKk rcqf.a wdikh we;=.f,a 





m%md;h b,lal lr ilia lrk ,§' 

kshñ; fõ,djg rcq msß;a Y%jKh 

i|yd meñ‚ w;r msß;a iÊcdhkho 

werô‚' msßf;a tk wdgdkdáh iQ;%h 

weröfuka miq l=uka;%Klrefjda 

;u ie,iqu ls%hd;aul lsÍu;a 

iuÕu rcq we;=., my

42 

foajd, N+ñfha ;ekam;a l, nj i|yka fõ' tod mgka 

fuu foajd,h uqia,sïjreka úiska md,kh lr f.khkq 

,efí' 

we;al| rcuyd úydrh wi, we;s 

.f,anKavdr foajd,h 

j;aysñ nKavdr rcq we;=.,ska my

43 

jykafia yd iq¿.=¿ Wmdil w;r 

we;s jQ ft;sydisl mqj;a lsysmhlu 

l=reKE., we;al| rcuyd úydrh 

.ek i|yka fõ' ;jo u,shfoaj 

uyry;kajykafiaf.a iuld,Skj 

jdih l< mqIamfoaj yd uydfoaj hk 

uyry;kajykafia,d foku f.ka 

uydfoaj uyry;kajykafia ks;r 

jev isáfha fuu úydria:dkfha nj 

úYajdi flf¾' 

we;al| rcuyd úydrh ms

44 

l=reKE., k.rh mQcd k.rhla 

njg m;a lsÍfï§ mer‚ f,ka 

úydr folla" m%;sud.Dyhla" 

ffp;Hh" fndaêh" O¾uYd,dj yd 

ix>djdiho we;=,;aj ilia lr 

we;' fuu úydria:dkhg we;=,aùu 

yd msgùu i|yd o¾YkSh jdy,alv 

folla bÈlr we;' u,shfoaj fn!oaO 

úoHd,h jYfhka wh;a N+ñfha ;sfnk 

mdi, úY%du Yd,djla jYfhka 

m%;sixialrKh lr we;' 

úydrfha olakg we;s mer‚ f,ka 

úydrh l%s'mQ' 2 jk ishjig wh;a hehs 

ie,flk w;r ,xldfõ b;d ÿ¾,N 

ffY,uh T;ams

45 

bínd., isßm;=, 

l=reKE., k.rh uqyqÿ uÜgfuka 

wä 400 la muK by

46 

mkdúáh wïn,u 

oekg b;d fyd|ska wdrCId ù we;s fuu wïn,u 

f.dvk.d we;af;a f.m,la u; ;enq wähla muK 

Wie;s .,a lKq u; ;nk ,o oej l|ka u;h' wä 11 hs 

wÕ,a 5 la Wie;s fuu wïn,u oywgjk ishjig muK 

wh;a hehs ie,fla' jy,h r|jd we;s lKq yd wfkl=;a ,S j, 

ksujd ;sfnk leghï j,g kElï lshhs' fï leghï w;r 

ñksia rEm" i;aj rEm" yd u,alï o fõ' u,a,jfmdr" wdpdr 

iudpdr" k,Õk rEm" idlÉcdjka" fmryer" ix.%yh hk 

f;audj,ska hq;= leghï ks¾udK olakg ,efí' fï ;=

47 

jxYl:d uQ,dY yd wfkl=;a mqrdúoHd idOl u; 

isßiÕfnda rc;=ud ysi oka ÿkafka fuu ia:dkfha 

nj i|yka fõ' wlalr 300 muK N+ñhl úys§ ;sfnk 

fuys m%Odk jdia;= úoHd;aul ks¾udK w;r fmdfydh 

f.h" nqÿ ueÿr" Od;= ukaÈrh" jgodf.h" ffp;H 8 la" odk 

Yd,djla o ´j,dldr yevfhka hq;= Yd,djla" fmdl=Kq 16 la 

yd f,ka 38 lao olakg ,efí' 

uydjxYhg wkqj biqreuq‚ úydrhg ol=‚ka isßiÕfnda 

rc;=ud ysi okaÿka nj;a tu ia:dkfha f.daGdNh rcq 

Tyqf.a kñka úydrhla lr jQ nj;a i|yka fõ' 

oUfo‚h úchiqkaordrduh 

13 jk ishjifha ,xldfõ w.k.rh jYfhka Ndú;d 

jQ oUfo‚h jvd;a m%isoaOj we;af;a úYd, .,a m¾j;hla 

u; msysá bmer‚ ueÿr" rcud

48 

fldKavfo‚fha 

iqidk N+ñh 

l=reKE., wkqrdOmqr ud¾.fha 

uyj o

49 

l%s'mQ' ;=kajk ishjiaj,g wh;aa hehs 

ie,flk fuu úydria:dkh fojk 

mE;sia rcq olajd wE; w;S;hl Èj hhs' 

fuu úydrh wd.ñl w;ska b;d 

jeo.;a ia:dkhls' u,shfoaj uyry;ka 

jykafia" uydfoaj uyry;kajykafia 

yd Mqiaifoaj uyry;kajykafia wd§ 

uyry;kajykafia,df.a mdoiam¾Yh 

jQ mqkH N+ñhla f,i yeÈkafõ' 

iqkaor mßirhl msysá fuu f,ka 

úydr Ndjkdfhda.s NsCIqkajykafia,dg 

iujka iqjfhka l,a.; lsßug 

w.%.KH ia:dkhls' N+ñfha ;ekska 

;ek msysá .,af,ka rdYshla 

oeln,d .; yelsh' oekg fYaI ù 

we;s kgnqka w;ßka ls¾;S Y%S rdcisxy 

rcqf.a ld,fhaÈ bÈlrkq ,enQ f,ka 

úydr oel.; yelsfõ' fuu f,ka 

úydr j,g wu;rj úydria:dkfha 

ix>djdih" fmd;a.=,af,k" ÿgq.euqKq 

rcq lrk ,o ffp;H" uykqjr hq.hg 

wh;a Ñ;% fndfydauhla oel n,d 

.; yelsh' óg wu;rj lS¾;s 

YS% rdcisxy rcq úiska ,shk 

,o wd|d., ;T ikaki yd 

È. óg¾ 33 la yd m,< óg¾ tllska 

hq;a fi,a,smshla oel .eksug yelsh' 

jdßhfmd, ilauka 

nqÿ ms

50 

fuu wruqK uqÿkam;a lr .ekSu i|yd 2007 j¾Ifha § 

jev lghq;= wdrïN lr we;' fï jk úg tys jev lghq;= 

ksu fjñka mj;S' hlv iy fldkalS%Ü fuu rej ks¾udKh 

lsÍu i|yd wuqøjH f,i Ndú;d lr we;' fmd,ams;s.u 

mqrdK úydrhlska ,nd .kakd Od;=ka jykafia,d fokula 

fuys ;ekam;a lr we;s w;r fuu m%;sudj ks¾udKh lrk 

wjia:dfõ§ j¾Ihla mqrd fkdlvjd msß;a iÊcdhkh lr 

we;' 

óg fmr f,dj úYd,;u ilauka ms

51 

oekg fuu mqKH N+ñfha úydrdêm;s 

Oqrh orkafka tf.dvuq,af,a 

wurfuda,s iajdñka jykafiah' 2001 

jif¾ we*a.ksia:dkfha ndñhka 

nqoaO m%;sudjka jykafia,d úkdY 

lr ±uQ ld,fha§ lïmdjg m;a fuu 

m%foaYfha ck;dj fudKr., fY,uh 

iudê nqoaO jykafia fk,Sug fhduq 

ù we;s njg f;dr;=re fy

52 

ix.uqj rcuyd úria:dkh 

i|yd jQ .%duh ksid ix.uqj hk ku 

,eî we;' mqrdKfha fuu ia:dkh 

—ld,fõ,s úydrh˜ —uKav,drdu 

úydrh˜ hk kïj,ska yÿkajd we;' 

fuu úydria:dkhg fm!rd‚l 

ia:dk w;=ßka jeo.;a ia:dkhla 

ysñfõ' 12 jk ishjfia .cndmerl=ïnd 

fouiaiskd rcjreka 

w;r we;sjQ iduodk .súiqula we;s 

fi,a,smshla fuu ia:dkfhka oel.; 

yelsh' ld,hla ;siafia hqoaOfha fh§ 

isá fuu fouiaiskd,d kej; hqo 

fkdlrk f,ig;a" m

53 

ú,andj rcuyd úydrh iy m;a;sks foajd,h 

ùrndyq l=udrhkag fï ckmoh rcq 

úiska odho l< nj uyd fnda§jxYfha 

i|yka fõ' tu ksid l=uref.a kñka 

—ùrndyq ckmoh˜ kñka m%isoaO ù 

we;' 

ÿgq.euqKq rc;=udf.a wjêfha§ 

rcqf.a {d;s fidfydhqßhlf.a mqf;l= 

jQ —Mqiaifoaj˜ kï l=udrhkag 

ú,andokõj muqKq.ïfldg ÿka nj 

ur¿jdj rcuyd úydrhg wh;a ;U 

ikakisska fy

54 

i|yd fï foajd,h ;sfnk f,kg jeÈ 

fodr jidf.k isá nj;a" l=fõ‚h ta 

nj oekf.k ùÿre Èjla ujdf.k Èj 

h;=re ljq¿fjka f,k ;=rh jgd 

w,xldr .,a jegls" ta u; w,xldr 

.,ska ksujQ yia;s rEm ks¾udKhls" 

fuys yia;Ska tlish mia fofkls" 

ta u; Èla w;g .,a ,E,s fm

55 

wdjrK M,lhla fõ" tys olakg ,efnk úfYaI;ajh 

kï M,lh oajdr uKavmh ^fodrgqj& f;la úys§ ;sîuhs" 

fodrgqj fomi M,lhl há me;af;a w,xldr yxi mx;shls" 

msúiqï ia:dkfha olakg ,efnkafka i|lv myKls' 

fuh leghulska f;drj ksujd ;sîu úfYaI;ajhls" 

wk;=rej msh.eg folla we;' tu msh.egfm, fomi 

w,xldr fldrjla.,a folls" fodrgqmd, rEmj, ulr 

rEm folls" fuh bmer‚ .Dy ks¾udK Ys,amfha m%uqL;u 

wx.hls' 

fndaê>rfha oajdr uKavmh uqÿk há me;a; iqug 

l< Ys,d mqjrejlska wdjrKh fõ' ;jo W¿jiafia fodr 

fukau t

56 

fkdyels odhdohla fiau l,dlrejdf.a Ys,amsh ksmqK;ajh 

fï ;=

57 

fuh j¾;udkfha§ Wfmdai:d.drhla f,i Ndú;d lrhs' 

fuu geïmsg úydrh .,a lKqu; oeuQ oej ,E,s Wv lgq 

ueá ì;a;sj,ska ilia fldg we;s w;r jy,h fm;s W¿ 

j,ska jid we;' Wv ;Ügqfõ we;s oej l=¿Kq ish,a,u jf.a 

fmalv j,ska irid we;s w;r b;d o¾YŒh ,S leghï 

j,ska w,xldr fldg we;' úydrh bÈßmi fodrgqj ulr 

f;drKlska irid we;' úydrfha we;=,; yd msg; ì;a;s 

Ñ;%.; lr we;' we;=¿ me;af;ys Ñ;% w¿;ajeähd lr ;sfí' 

kuq;a msg me;af;a Ñ;% uq,a wjÈfha ;snQ whqßkau oel .; 

yelsfõ' fuu Ñ;% uykqjr iïm%odhg wh;a fõ' 

mdfo‚h rc uyd úydrh 

iïm%odhdkql+, úYajdih wkqj fuu úydrh uq,skau 

wdrïN lr we;af;a ls%'mQ' 3 ishjfia fojkmE;sia rcq oji 

wkqrdOmqrfhka f.k wd ch YS% uyd fndaê wxl=rhla isgqùu;a 

iu.h' fuys isÿ lrk ,o leŒï u.ska wkqrdOmqr hq.hg 

wh;ahehs ie,flk .fvd,a" i|lvmyka" leisls,s .,a" 

YS% mdo igykao ,eî we;' 

mD;=.SiSka úiska úkdY l, fuu úydria:dkfha oekg 

olakg we;af;a uykqjr lS¾;s YS% rdcisxy rcq iufha 

ó.ia;ekafka wêldru úiska bÈlrk ,o ks¾udKhkah" 

mdfoksh rcuyd úydrh 

úydr f.dvke.s,sj, olakg ,efnk ,S leghï iy 

ì;=is;=jï j,ska uykqjr hq.fha ,CIK uekúka lemS 

fmfka' ms

58 

/iafjfyr nqÿueÿr ;=< 

Y%S uyd fndaëka jykafiaf.aa fo;siaM, fndaëka 

jykafia,df.ka tlls' fuys frdamKh lr we;s nj;a tu 

fndaêfhka /ia úysfok nj m%foaYjdiSyq úYajdi lr;s' 

wkqrdOmqr hq.hg wh;a iqúYd, nqÿrej we;af;a o fuysh' 

fuu nqÿrej Wi wä 42 lska iukaú; fõ' j

59 

ß§ úydrh 

fï fmfoiska ;sî we;' Èkla tl fj

60 

ß§ úydrh we;=djdihlao we;' 

tfukau ieriqï.," ffp;H kñka 

ffp;Hhlao we;' th ÿgq.euqKq 

uyrc;=ud bÈfldg we;ehs mejfia' 

ß§úydrfha we;ao;a leghï we;s 

fodr widudkH w;súYsIaG tlla nj 

wdkkao l=udriajdñ uy;d úiska i|yka 

lrhs' tfukau l%sia;+ia jykafiaf.a 

cSjk pß;h ksrEmKh jk wjia:d 

fuys uyd úydrfha we;=

61 

je,a,E., rcuyd úydrh 

fuu ia:dkfha wdrïNh ms

62 

f,alï fldÜGdihg wh;a fuu 

hla.sßf,ka rcuyd úydrh 

hlafoiaid., lÿYslrfha nEjqfï 

msysgd we;' l%s'j' 2-3 ishjiaj,g wh;a 

fuh fm!rd‚l úydria:dkhls' 

hla.sßf,k rcuyd úydria:dkfha nqÿueÿr 

we;=

63 

Èhwe,s" jßkajr yud hk u| iq

64 

fuu wdrKH fiakdikh wE; 

w;S;hg Èfjk úydria:dkhla 

nj th oekg fYaI ù we;s kgnqka 

j,ska ukdj meyeÈ,s fõ' mOdk>r 

wdrdu hkqfjka ix>drdu úfYaIhla 

wkqrdOmqr hq.fha fojk Nd.fha 

ks¾udKh jQ njg meyeÈ,s idOl ;sfí' 

fïjd ;fmdajk hkqfjkao" mshka.,a 

hkqfjkao" idys;H .%ka: j, we;' 

wrkalef,a ;sfnk ix>drdu tallh 

ud,l follska iukaú; fõ' 

fod¿lkao Tiq jkh 

l=reKE., ysßmsáh ud¾.fha 

.fkaj;a; yryd ls'ó' 18 la muK ÿßka 

l=reKE., oUq,a, ud¾.fha bínd.uqj 

ykaÈfhka yeÍ ysßhd, ykaÈh yrydo 

tkq ,noa§ lvd ye¨Kq fldgilska 

fod¿lkao ks¾udKh ù we;s nj 

lshfõ' 

;j;a ckm%jdohla jkafka úch rcqg 

je

66 

wdikakfha ,eî ;sfnk .fvd,a 

j,g wkqj fuu wdrïNl wjia:dj 

wkqrdOmqr hq.hg wh;ah' ckm%jdo 

j,g wkqj l=udrodi rcq ^l%s'j' 513-522& 

fuu jej m%;sixialrKh lr we;' 

l,HKj;S /ðK ^l%s'j' 1202-1208& 

úiska msysgjk ,o jeõ neïfï ;sfnk 

Ys,d f,aLkhg wkqj weh fuu jefõ 

fidfrdõjla w¿;ajeähd lr we;' 

fuu ,smshg wkqj fuys fidfrdõ 7 

la ;snQ we;suq;a j¾;udkfha we;af;a 

tla m%Odk fidfrdõjla mu‚' .ïm, 

isõjk nqjfklndyq ^l%s'j' 1341-1351& 

rcqo fuu jej m%;sixialrKh lr 

;sfí' ±ÿre Th yrialr ;k; ,o 

wuqKlska ,nd.kakd c,fhka 

n;,f.dv jej mqrjd ;sfí' 

j¾;udkfha olakg ,efnkafka 

ì%;dkH hq.fha lrk ,o m%;sixialrK 

lghq;=h' tu m%;sixialrK lghq;= 

fykaß mdl¾ keu;s jdßud¾. 

bxðfkarejrhd úiskaa isÿlr we;' 

uylkord jej 

^Èh fodr jej& 





mQcdj,sfha fuu jej i|ykaj 

we;af;a —l=KÈhfodr uyduksh˜ 

hkqfjks' uyfika rcq úiska lrjk 

n;,f.dv jej 

,oaola nj i|yka jk w;r rc;=ud 

úiska lrk ,o lkord jeõ j,ska 

tlla f,i ie,fla' fuu jej 

mqrdKfha ck;djf.a lDIsld¾ñl 

lghq;= i|yd úYd, jYfhka odhl 

ù we;s njo i|yka fõ' fuu jej

67 

wo jk úg b;sßj fkd;sîu wmf.a 

wNd.Hhls' jej.u m%foaYfha msysgd 

;snqKq fuu jdßl¾udka;h kgnqka 

ù miq ld,skj fj,ahdhla njg m;aj 

we;' oUfo‚ hq.h mej;s ld,fha§ 

fuu jej mej;s w;r fudarx. 

jej" lKq ., jej" l=Kqufâ jej" 

yjq,a jej" n,.ïuk jej" lsß., jej" 

wd§ l=vd jeõ y;lska c,h iemhS 

we;' 

fuu jej wo olakg fkd;snqk;a 

oUfo‚h hq.fha§ fuu jej 

iïnkaOfhka isÿ ù we;s ckm%jdohla 

mj;S' 

oUfo‚ hq.fha b;d úYd, 

wdf|l= fuu jefõ fidfrdõjl 

ysrù we;' ta ksid jeõ neïu leã 

uy úm;la isÿùfï ,l=Kq my< 

jQfhka" rcq wd|d lmd c,h nei hdug 

i,iajk whl=g uy;a OkialkaOhla 

fok njg wKfnr hjd we;' 

fuu wKfnrh wkqj jej.u m%foaYfha 

n;a.ï l=,hg wh;a uiaiskdjre 

fofofkla wd|d lmd c,h nei hdug 

bv ie,eiaùug bÈßm;a ù we;' tl, 

—W.=,a bkak˜ fyj;a fldla ÿkakla 

f.k wd fudjqka fofokd jej wi, 

.ila uq, m

68 

ly,a,m,af,lef,a 

jfkdaoHdkh 

ly,a,m,af,lef,a jk fm; 

iajNdj fi!kao¾hfhka wkQk 

jQ ldf.;a wjOdkhg ,laj we;s 

mdrd§ihls' fuh uE;l§ rCIs; 

jkdka;rhla f,i kï lr we;' 

Y%S ,xldjg wdfõ‚l iy talfoaYsl 

i;aj iy Ydl m%cdjka j,g uyÕ= 

odhdohla jkq we;' m

mq;a;,ï Èia;%slalh 

l,amsáh jrdh 

l,amsáh jrdh ngysr fjrf

70 

ÿgq nj i|yka lrhs' fï wkqj fmkS hkafka isxy,hka 

fï jljdkqj jk úg l=re÷ fjf

71 

j¾;udkh jk úg y,dj; k.rh 

b;d ÈhqKq ;;ajfha mj;S' oel=ïl¿ 

uqyqÿ ;Srhlska k.rh w,xldr lrhs' 

uqkafkaYajru 

y,dj; l=reKE., ud¾.fha 

ie;mqula muK .sh úg y,dj; 

wdikakfha fuu fldaú, msysgd we;' 

fuys wdrïNh ms

72 

l,amsáh ´,kao m,a,sh yd fldgqj 

fld

fiakdkdhl uqo,skaodruh 

^flaY Od;= ffp;Hh& 

udoïmd mgqfka msysá fuu 

flaY Od;= ffp;Hh 1962 § muK 

tu m%foaYfha úiq t,a' tï' vn,sõ 

fiakdkdhl keu;s m%N+jrhd 

úiska bÈlrk ,oaola nj mejfia' 

mlsia;dkq rchg wh;a m%foaYhl 

ia:Qmhla ksoka lr ;snqKq flaY Od;= 

lsysmhla Tyq ,ndf.k tajd fuu 

ffp;Hfha ksoka lr fuu ffp;H 

ksujd we;' 

,xldfõ flaY Od;= ksoka lr 

;kjk ,o ffp;H lsysm ia:dkhl 

we;s w;r" bka tla ia:dkhla fuh f,i 

y÷kajhs' ^uyshx.kh ffp;H" .sßyvq 

iEh ;sßhdh od.en" udj;.u ul=,dk 

úydrh'& 

fuu ia:dkh ls%'mQ' fojk ishjig 

muK wh;a mQ¾j n%dyaó Ys,d f,aLk 

folla ;sfí' 





f;daks., YS,d f,aLkh 

f,ka iy fjk;a mqrd úoHd;aul 

kgnqka /ila ;sfnk fuu ia:dkh 

fi,a,smsfha y÷kajd we;af;a 

73 

f;daks., fi,a,smsh msysgd ;sfnk ia:dkh

74 

wúc.sßl ;siai mín; kñks' 

wpk.r yd lúßlh k.r kñka 

k.r folla ms

75 

j¾I 1938 § cd;sl jfkdaoHdkhla f,ig m;aj we;' 

fuu jfkdaoHdkfha ñ,a," ùr hk jDlaI fydÈka jeã 

we;' laISrmdhs .Khg wh;a i;aj úfYaI 31 la muK 

fuu jfkdaoHdkfha oelsh yelsh" w,s" j,iqka" Èúhka ó 

yrl=ka" fï w;r fõ' 

óg wu;rj úúO j¾. j, l=re,a,ka iy Wr. úfYaI o 

ú,am;a;=j wNh N+ñfha Ôj;a fj;s' 

ú,am;a;=j jfkdaoHdkh kerUqug jvd;a iqÿiq ld,h 

jkafka fmnrjdß yd Tlaf;daïn¾ udihhs' ixpdrlhskag 

jkdka;rh ;=< úis;=re kerUqug myiqlï i,id fok 

mqoa.,slj l%shd;aul jk mdßißl ixpdrl lKavdhulao 

fj;s' 

;kshje,a, fofjd, 

mq;a;,u Èia;s%lalfha udoïfma msysá ;kshj,a,N 

fofjd, iEu fokdf.au Nla;shg yd f.!rjhg n÷ka jQ 

mqckSh ia:dkhls' 

fõ.j;a f,i .uka lrk ú,dih olajk iqÿ wYaj 

rEmhla fuu fofjd, bÈßmsg fk,d we;' fuhska 

ixfla;j;a lrkafka jir mkaishhlg muK fmr iqÿ 

wYajhl= msg ke.s .uka .;a rcq ms

76 

fofjd, bÈßmsg we;s iqÿ wYaj rEmh 

j,a ìys ù uqvq ìulaj mej;s fuu 

m%foaYh kej; ire fl;la njg m;a 

lf

jhU m

78 

10 noaold,s kqjr oeÿoreTh wdY%s; 

mer‚ kgnqka 

.u-bínd.uqj isg ls'ó' 11 la ÿßka 

11 ie.Ef,k u,a,jmsáh-ß§.u ud¾.fha 4 jk iy 5 jk ie;mqï lKqj w;ßka ol=Kg msysá 

yqKqfmd,f.or ud¾.fha ls' ó' 8 

12 kdrïu, rcuyd úydrh lgq.ïm,-Wvly fldar,fha úydf¾.u .ïudkfha msysgd we;' 

13 kqjrlkao úydrh l=reKE.,-kEáh .ïudkfha msysgd we;' 

14 wfYdaldrduh ysßhd,h-uvyfmd, 

15 fld

79 

28 uvj, úydrh oUfo‚h-.sßW,a, w,õj .ïudkfha msysgd we;' 

29 úchdrduh l=reKE.,-kdúkak .fï msysgd we;' 

30 ud

80 

12 msÉpkafoksh úydrh kj.;af;a.u" wdKuvqj isg ls'ó' 2½ muK .shúg fuu úydrh yuqfõ' 

13 kkaÈñ;% úydrh kkaÈñ;% fhdaOhd ksod.;a ia:dkh nj ie,fla' 

14 .,al=,u rcuydúydrh kj.;af;a.u m%dfoaYsh f,alï fldÜGdYfha msysgd we;' 

15 we,a,rd‚ ud

81 

wdY%s; .%ka: kdudj,sh 

1' ir, isxy, uydjxYh úch fj;a;uqks' - î'ta' wOH' ãmS'tï'ta' mKaä;' 

2' l=reKE., Ydia;%Sh ix.%yh I fldgi 2008 jhU m

WAYAMBA Magazine 2011

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?