Status of HTGR-Related Activities in Germany - IAEA
Status of HTGR-Related Activities in Germany - IAEA
Status of HTGR-Related Activities in Germany - IAEA
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Mitglied der Helmholtz-Geme<strong>in</strong>schaft<br />
<strong>Status</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>HTGR</strong>-<strong>Related</strong><br />
<strong>Activities</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
Karl Verfondern<br />
Institute for Energy and Climate Research (IEK-6)<br />
Research Center Jülich, <strong>Germany</strong><br />
<strong>IAEA</strong> TWG-GCR 22, March 28-30, 2011, Vienna, Austria
General Situation <strong>of</strong> Nuclear <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
� Consensus <strong>in</strong> 2000 between Government and utilities<br />
to phase out nuclear by 2021<br />
� Atomic Act <strong>of</strong> 2002 excludes construction <strong>of</strong> new NPP<br />
and reprocess<strong>in</strong>g<br />
� Decision on Oct 2010 for lifetime extension<br />
by 8 yrs for seven plants constructed before 1980<br />
by 14 yrs for ten later plants<br />
� After touhoku earthquake, three-months moratorium on<br />
extension decision, the 7 „old“ plants to be shutdown<br />
dur<strong>in</strong>g that time<br />
� Nuclear share:<br />
primary energy ~11 %<br />
electricity generation ~23 %<br />
� Conservation <strong>of</strong> know-how and competence<br />
� National R&D with focus on safety and nuclear waste<br />
TWG-GCR 22 <strong>Status</strong> <strong>Germany</strong> Karl Verfondern, FZJ-IEK-6
Nuclear Waste Disposal <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
� Radioactive Waste Volumes<br />
(Prediction)<br />
- Non heat produc<strong>in</strong>g 285.000 m³<br />
- Heat produc<strong>in</strong>g 24.000 m³<br />
(Spent fuel, HLW-glass)<br />
Disposal <strong>of</strong> :<br />
non heat produc<strong>in</strong>g waste<br />
� Asse, Morsleben<br />
(former salt m<strong>in</strong>es)<br />
- closure procedure<br />
� Konrad<br />
(former iron ore m<strong>in</strong>e)<br />
- start <strong>of</strong> operation: 2014/2015<br />
TWG-GCR 22 <strong>Status</strong> <strong>Germany</strong> Karl Verfondern, FZJ-IEK-6<br />
Asse Gorleben<br />
Konrad Morsleben<br />
heat produc<strong>in</strong>g waste<br />
� Gorleben (salt dome)<br />
- moratorium s<strong>in</strong>ce 1999<br />
� No site selected !<br />
� No geological formation<br />
selected !
GCR-<strong>Related</strong> <strong>Activities</strong><br />
� Two <strong>HTGR</strong>s (AVR, THTR-300) <strong>in</strong> decommission<strong>in</strong>g<br />
phase<br />
� R&D on <strong>HTGR</strong> concentrat<strong>in</strong>g on safety, materials, and<br />
waste management<br />
� R&D activities embedded <strong>in</strong> the EU Framework<br />
Programme (FP)-7:<br />
EUROPAIRS, CARBOWASTE, ARCHER, GoFastR<br />
TWG-GCR 22 <strong>Status</strong> <strong>Germany</strong> Karl Verfondern, FZJ-IEK-6
Reactor Safety Research at FZJ and RWTH<br />
Reactor Safety<br />
Fuel Cycle<br />
TWG-GCR 22 <strong>Status</strong> <strong>Germany</strong> Karl Verfondern, FZJ-IEK-6<br />
Waste Management<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Allele<strong>in</strong> Pr<strong>of</strong>. Thomauske Pr<strong>of</strong>. Bosbach<br />
Mission<br />
Development and provision <strong>of</strong> scientific methods and<br />
expertise for<br />
� Answer<strong>in</strong>g safety-related questions regard<strong>in</strong>g<br />
current nuclear reactors (Gen II und III)<br />
� Evaluation <strong>of</strong> safety <strong>of</strong> advancved reactor<br />
concepts (Gen III+ und IV)<br />
85 scientific personal (<strong>in</strong>cl. PhD students), 35 Positions f<strong>in</strong>anced by Helmholtz
VHTR Code Package<br />
Reactor Theory<br />
� Integrated simulation <strong>of</strong> steady-state<br />
and transient operational and<br />
accident situations<br />
� Fission product release and<br />
-transport through primary circuit<br />
� Higher performance by new solution<br />
methods and HPC-suitability<br />
1983: FRESCO-II<br />
(Fission product release)<br />
1969: V.S.O.P.<br />
(Reactor design and operation)<br />
1985: PANAMA<br />
(Coated particle failure)<br />
1987: TINTE<br />
(Accident transients)<br />
1987: DIREKT<br />
(Thermohydraulics depressurization)<br />
TWG-GCR 22 <strong>Status</strong> <strong>Germany</strong> Karl Verfondern, FZJ-IEK-6<br />
2010: MGT-3D<br />
2007: MGT<br />
(Multi-Group TINTE)<br />
ARCHER<br />
Advanced High-Temperature<br />
Reactors for Cogeneration <strong>of</strong><br />
Heat and Electricity R&D<br />
VHTR Code<br />
Package
HCP Overall Concept<br />
H.-J. Allele<strong>in</strong>, St. Kasselmann, A. Xhonneux, S.-C. Herber<br />
Progress on the development <strong>of</strong> a fully <strong>in</strong>tegrated HTR code package<br />
HTR 2010, Prague, Czech Republic, 2010<br />
TWG-GCR 22 <strong>Status</strong> <strong>Germany</strong> Karl Verfondern, FZJ-IEK-6
Conta<strong>in</strong>ment Phenomena and Processes<br />
Wall condensation<br />
Aerosol and<br />
iod<strong>in</strong>e behavior<br />
TWG-GCR 22 <strong>Status</strong> <strong>Germany</strong> Karl Verfondern, FZJ-IEK-6<br />
Hydrogen<br />
recomb<strong>in</strong>ation<br />
SETCOM INA REKO-Anlagen<br />
Program NSF<br />
- Hydrogen<br />
recomb<strong>in</strong>ation<br />
(- Aerosol behavior)<br />
CFD-Simulation<br />
COCOSYS<br />
Stimulus<br />
projects<br />
Networks<br />
- Condensation-/<br />
Reko-benchmarks<br />
- Hydrogen safety
Nuclear Waste Management Research Topics<br />
• Product quality control for the Konrad repository as well as<br />
high level waste from reprocess<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> France and United<br />
K<strong>in</strong>gdom<br />
• Characterisation <strong>of</strong> nuclear waste packages<br />
• Project „Nuclear Graphite“<br />
• Nuclear safeguards<br />
TWG-GCR 22 <strong>Status</strong> <strong>Germany</strong> Karl Verfondern, FZJ-IEK-6
Background <strong>of</strong> the IEK-6 Graphite Project<br />
• FZJ has a long history <strong>in</strong> <strong>HTGR</strong> development.<br />
• Former <strong>HTGR</strong> test and demonstration projects (AVR & THTR)<br />
have to be decommissioned.<br />
• About 1 million spent <strong>HTGR</strong> fuel pebbles need to be stored<br />
and disposed <strong>of</strong>.<br />
• Further graphite waste is stemm<strong>in</strong>g from Material Test Reactors<br />
(Thermal columns, reflectors).<br />
• Extremely low limits for 14 C disposal <strong>in</strong> the KONRAD disposal<br />
� 4 E14 Bq <strong>of</strong> 14 C <strong>in</strong> total<br />
� 3 E14 Bq <strong>of</strong> 14 C only from AVR !!!<br />
• ‚Discovery‘ <strong>of</strong> selective 14 C removal from irradiated graphite<br />
• Initiation <strong>of</strong> CARBOWASTE project with strong support from<br />
France (CEA, EDF etc.), UK (NNL, NDA etc.) + 9 other countries<br />
TWG-GCR 22 <strong>Status</strong> <strong>Germany</strong> Karl Verfondern, FZJ-IEK-6
Cooperations<br />
� Regional<br />
� RWTH Aachen, FH Aachen/Jülich<br />
� GRS<br />
� National<br />
� HGF Helmholtz Community<br />
� Kompetenzverbund Kerntechnik<br />
(Alliance for Competence <strong>in</strong> Nuclear Technology)<br />
� International<br />
� EU Projects and Networks<br />
� OECD Projects<br />
� <strong>IAEA</strong> CRPs<br />
� GIF<br />
� Industry Projects (HTR-PM, NGNP)<br />
TWG-GCR 22 <strong>Status</strong> <strong>Germany</strong> Karl Verfondern, FZJ-IEK-6
The AVR Decommission<strong>in</strong>g Project<br />
Shutdown <strong>in</strong> 1988<br />
after 21 yrs <strong>of</strong> operation<br />
„SAFESTOR“<br />
decommission<strong>in</strong>g<br />
started <strong>in</strong> 1994<br />
Defuel<strong>in</strong>g 1994 – 1998<br />
Decision <strong>in</strong> 2003 to return site<br />
to „green field“ by 2015<br />
TWG-GCR 22 <strong>Status</strong> <strong>Germany</strong> Karl Verfondern, FZJ-IEK-6
AVR Reactor Build<strong>in</strong>g<br />
TWG-GCR 22 <strong>Status</strong> <strong>Germany</strong> Karl Verfondern, FZJ-IEK-6<br />
Material lock<br />
construction 2004 - 2006
Removal <strong>of</strong> Reactor (Pressure) Vessel<br />
Dismantl<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> reactor build<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Construction <strong>of</strong> material lock<br />
Fill<strong>in</strong>g RPV with low-density cellular concrete)<br />
Removal and transport <strong>of</strong> RPV (end 2012)<br />
Dismantl<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> rema<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g components<br />
Demolish<strong>in</strong>g reactor build<strong>in</strong>g (2014)<br />
Release site from nuclear regulatory control (2015)<br />
26 m long, 7.5 m dia, ~520 m 3 , ~ 2000 t<br />
TWG-GCR 22 <strong>Status</strong> <strong>Germany</strong> Karl Verfondern, FZJ-IEK-6
Dismantl<strong>in</strong>g<br />
TWG-GCR 22 <strong>Status</strong> <strong>Germany</strong> Karl Verfondern, FZJ-IEK-6
Removal <strong>of</strong> Reactor Vessel<br />
Saddle bear<strong>in</strong>g with low<br />
density cellular<br />
concrete<br />
support<br />
load suspension device<br />
TWG-GCR 22 <strong>Status</strong> <strong>Germany</strong> Karl Verfondern, FZJ-IEK-6<br />
saddle bear<strong>in</strong>g with low<br />
density cellular<br />
concrete<br />
concrete body
The THTR-300 Decommission<strong>in</strong>g Project<br />
Shutdown <strong>in</strong> 1989<br />
after 423 efpd <strong>of</strong> operation<br />
„SAFESTOR“<br />
decommission<strong>in</strong>g<br />
started <strong>in</strong> 1989<br />
Defuel<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Dec 1993 – Oct 1994<br />
Safe enclosure established<br />
<strong>in</strong> 1997<br />
Operation <strong>of</strong> safe enclosed<br />
plant over 30 yrs<br />
TWG-GCR 22 <strong>Status</strong> <strong>Germany</strong> Karl Verfondern, FZJ-IEK-6
Summary and Conclusions<br />
� The phase-out <strong>of</strong> nuclear power <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong> is still <strong>of</strong>ficial<br />
policy <strong>of</strong> the present government,<br />
but the political climate for nuclear research activities has<br />
become more favorable<br />
(e.g., four new pr<strong>of</strong>essorships at RWTH/FZJ)<br />
� International cooperation with<strong>in</strong> EU Framework<br />
Programmes and with<strong>in</strong> bilateral agreements<br />
� Future <strong>HTGR</strong>-related activities are further concentrat<strong>in</strong>g on<br />
safety and back-end (AVR, waste management) with<br />
stronger emphasis on supercomput<strong>in</strong>g<br />
TWG-GCR 22 <strong>Status</strong> <strong>Germany</strong> Karl Verfondern, FZJ-IEK-6
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