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UNCLASSIFIED Border, while the Sinaloa Cartel emerges as the MTCO with the most gang ties. Despite intelligence to support gang/ MTCO partnerships, the exact nature of these relationships remains unclear. Drug trafficking is the cross-border crime gangs most frequently commit. • (U) Approximately 26 percent of jurisdictions and 44 percent of prison facilities report that gang members joined domestic extremist groups. A mutually beneficial arrangement, extremists use gangs to spread their doctrine, while gangs turn to extremists to increase membership and facilitate collaboration with other criminal organizations. Gangs also refer to extremist ideology to respond to perceived injustices and to enact social change. • (U) Survey respondents indicate that over the past two years known or suspected gang members from over 100 jurisdictions have applied for positions or gained employment with the US military, law enforcement agencies, corrections facilities, and within the judiciary. Employment with the US military ranked as the most common, followed by corrections, law enforcement, and the judiciary. or fear; and misclassification of ganginvolved cases, where the offense is cited as prostitution, as opposed to sex trafficking. Gangs that partake in sex trafficking and prostitution crimes typically collaborate with other criminal organizations in order to maximize profit and evade detection from law enforcement. • (U) Social media and other forms of technology play an essential role in the illicit activities of gang members. Gangs use a number of sites, applications, and platforms to recruit prospects, facilitate communication, target rivals, and to thwart law enforcement efforts. Over the past two years, gang members’ utilization of technology, social media in particular, has risen significantly, enabling gangs to more readily further their criminal objectives. Nearly all jurisdictions report gang member use of technology, most frequently citing Facebook, YouTube, Instagram, and Twitter. Technology is also playing an increasingly pivotal role in police investigations and antigang efforts. Over 54 percent of agencies report integrating social media into their gang investigations within the past two years. • (U) Approximately 15 percent of respondents report that gangs in their jurisdiction engage in human trafficking. According to law enforcement reporting, gang involvement in sex trafficking has increased over the past two years. This is likely a significant underestimation, as sex trafficking is often underreported for two reasons: victims fail to report due to shame 10 National Gang Intelligence Center UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED (U) Street Gangs (U) Definition: Street gangs are criminal organizations that formed on the street and operate in neighborhoods throughout the United States. Neighborhood-based gangs are confined to specific neighborhoods and jurisdictions, with no known leadership beyond their communities. National-level gangs have a presence in multiple jurisdictions. (U) Neighborhood-based gangs and nationallevel street gangs vary in membership, racial composition, and structure, but are present throughout the United States and continue to pose a significant threat. Neighborhoodbased gangs are reported to be the highest threat, perpetuating violence, drug distribution, and opportunistic crimes, such as robbery, in communities throughout the country. 1 National-level street gangs have a high or moderate impact in approximately half of jurisdictions. 2 (U) Membership (U) Street gangs continue to impact communities across the United States and do not show signs of decreasing membership nor declining criminal activity. a • (U) According to survey respondents, street gang membership increased in approximately 49 percent of jurisdictions over the past two years, stayed the same in 43 percent, and decreased in about eight percent of jurisdictions. 3 • (U) Half of survey respondents indicate gang-related crime in their jurisdiction increased over the past two years, while an additional 36 percent indicate crime rates stayed the same. 4 Gang-related criminal activity decreased in fewer than 14 percent of jurisdictions. UNCLASSIFIED Gang-Related Activity Over the Past Two Years UNCLASSIFIED Street Gang Membership Change Over the Past Two Years Increased Stayed the same Decreased Increased significantly Increased slightly Stayed the same Decreased slightly Decreased significantly UNCLASSIFIED (U) Source: NAGIA Survey Data. UNCLASSIFIED (U) Source: NAGIA Survey Data. a (U) For detailed information on membership numbers, the NGIC recommends contacting state and local law enforcement agencies directly. UNCLASSIFIED 2015 NATIONAL GANG REPORT 11
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