ჩვენი საქართველო, მოსწავლის წიგნი, მე-6 კლასი, 1-ლი ნაწილი

roland TofCiSvili, elene meZmariaSvili,

nodar elizbaraSvili, giorgi avTandilaSvili

Cveni

saqarTvelo

moswavlis wigni

pirveli nawili



Cveni

6

saqarTvelo

moswavlis wigni

pirveli nawili

grifminiWebulia saqarTvelos ganaTlebis, mecnierebis,

kulturisa da sportis saministros mier 2018 wels

gamomcemloba `klio~



Cveni saqarTvelo, VI klasi, pirveli nawili

moswavlis wigni

seriis redaqtori

elene meZmariaSvili

mxatvari ivane yifSiZe

rukebi

zurab laoSvili

manana SeyilaZe

kompiuteruli uzrunvelyofa

mamuka lolaZe

nana esarTia

ydis dizaini

elene varamaSvili

© gamomcemloba `klio~, 2018

© roland TofCiSvili, elene meZmariaSvili,

nodar elizbaraSvili, giorgi avTandilaSvili, 2018

meore gamocema – 2019 weli

yvela ufleba daculia

ISBN 978-9941-481-26-0 (orive nawilis)

ISBN 978-9941-481-27-7 (pirveli nawilis)

Sps `gamomcemloba klio~

aRmaSeneblis gamz. #181-2,

Tbilisi, 0112

tel.: (+995 32) 234 04 30

E-mail: book@klio.ge

www.klio.ge

Sinaarsi

gakveTilis struqtura...................................................................5

saqarTvelos fizikuri ruka..........................................................6

istoriul-eTnografiuli mxareebis ruka....................................8

kari 1

kaxeTi ............................................................................................................ 10

1.1. kaxeTis geografiuli mdebareoba da bunebrivi pirobebi........ 12

1.2. dasaxlebis tipebi da sacxovrebeli nagebobebi kaxeTSi......14

1.3. mevenaxeoba-meRvineobis tradiciebi kaxeTSi.........................16

1.4. Rvinis kultura kaxeTSi..........................................................18

1.5. kulturis Zeglebi kaxeTSi......................................................20

1.6. meurneobis dargebi kaxeTSi.....................................................24

1.7. kaxeTis brZola gadarCenisTvis..............................................28

1.8. kaxeTis bunebis RirsSesaniSnaobebi........................................30

ra vici da ra SemiZlia....................................................................32

kari 2

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTi............................................. 34

2.1. aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTis geografiuli

mdebareoba da buneba................................................................36

2.2. mTis istoriul-eTnografiuli mxareebi...............................38

2.3. rwmena-warmodgenebi aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTSi...40

2.4. mTis mxareebis adgili saqarTvelos saxelmwifoSi..............42

2.5. dasaxlebis tipebi da ZiriTadi sameurneo saqmianoba..........44

2.6. aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTielTa yofa da kultura........46


kari 3

samcxe-javaxeTi....................................................................................... 50

3.1. samcxe-javaxeTi _ saqarTvelos samxreTi karibWe................52

3.2. samcxe-javaxeTis kulturuli memkvidreoba.........................54

3.3. samcxe-javaxeTis mosaxleobis mravalferovneba..................56

3.4. meurneobis dargebi samcxe-javaxeTSi....................................58

3.5. sacxovrebeli saxlebi samcxe-javaxeTSi................................64

3.6. TavSesafrebi da cixesimagreebi samcxe-javaxeTSi................66

3.7. vaWroba, xelosnoba da saqalaqo cxovreba samcxe-javaxeTSi....... 68


kari 4

guria............................................................................................................... 72

4.1. guriis geografiuli mdebareoba da bunebrivi pirobebi.....74

4.2. guriis meurneobis dargebi.....................................................76

4.3. guria _ kurortebiT mdidari mxare.......................................48

4.4. dasaxlebis tipebi da samSeneblo saqme guriaSi...................80

4.5. guruli folklori..................................................................82

4.6. sportuli TamaSebi guriaSi....................................................84


kari 5

raWa-leCxumi............................................................................................ 86

5.1. raWa-leCxumis warsuli da geografiuli garemo................ 88

5.2. meurneoba raWa-leCxumSi...................................................... 90

5.3. xelosnoba raWa-leCxumSi..................................................... 92

5.4. raWa-leCxumis mosaxleobis cxovrebis stili.................... 94

5.5. raWvelebi _ qarTveli movaWreebi....................................... 96

5.6. ebraelebi da somxebi raWa-leCxumSi................................... 98

ra vici da ra SemiZlia.................................................................. 100

gakveTilis struqtura

Tavi da

saTauri

sakvanZo

kiTxva

sakvanZo

sityvebi

leqsikoni

1.2

dasaxlebis tipebi da sacxovrebeli

nagebobebi kaxeTSi

ra axdenda gavlenas dasaxlebis tipebsa da

sacxovrebel nagebobebze kaxeTSi?

dasaxlebis tipebi

Tanamedrove kaxeTis dasaxlebis tipebi Zvelisgan

mniSvne lovnad gansxvavdeba. amis ZiriTadi mizezi

mtris xSiri Semoseva da darbevebi iyo. dRes kaxeTis

soflebis didi nawili mosaxerxebel adgilebze, vakeebzea

gaSenebuli. warsulSi ki soflebi ufro maRlob,

mTisZira adgilebSi, tyeebis siaxloves iyo. axlad

daarsebuli soflebis gamorCeva sxvagvaradac SeiZ leba.

rogorc wesi, isini kargad dagegmilia, quCebi swori da

proporciuli, Zveli soflebi ki, piriqiT.

sacxovrebeli nagebobebi kaxeTSi

XX saukunemde kaxeTSi baniani sacxovrebeli saxlebi

Warbobda. ufro Zvelad ki darbazuli nagebobebic

yofila gavrcelebuli. kaxeTSi saxlebs qviTkirisgan

agebdnen, xolo saxuravi kramitiT iyo gadaxuruli.

xSirad, orferda saxlebs agebdnen, romlebic Waobis

lerwmiT ixureboda. kaxe TisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli iyo

sacxovrebeli saxlebisTvis sameurneo saTavsoebis,

marnis, boslisa da sabZlis miSeneba. qiziySi umetesad

baniani saxlebi Warbobda, romelic miwaSi iyo Casmuli.

aseT saxls, Cveulebriv, zemodan saxuravad miwa hqonda

dayrili, romlis datkepna Zalian Sromatevadi saqme

iyo. kaxeTSi zogjer „wnuli saxlebi“ da „ficruli

sax lebic“ iyo gavrcelebuli. isini, ZiriTadad, ezoSi

damxmare saTavsoebs warmoadgenda.

leqsikoni

qiziyi _ kaxeTis erTerTi

mxare.

davaleba

1. daasaxele, ra gansxvavebaa

kaxeTis

Zvel da axal dasaxlebul

punqtebs

Soris? axseni am gansxvavebis

mizezebi.

2. rogor fiqrob, ratom

esxmoda mteri

kaxeTs ase xSirad.

3. ivaraude, wyaro 1-is

mixedviT, ra dros

SeiZleba daarsebuliyo

sofeli manavi.

4. romeli istoriuleTnografiuli

mxaris

dasaxlebis tips

hgavs kaxeTis dasaxlebebi

da ratom?

wyaro 1. sofeli manavi _ gomboris qedis samxreTdasavleT

kalTis Ziras

wyaro 2. axalsofeli

wyaro 3. qalebi baniani saxlis win, XIX saukunis bolo

davaleba

5. aRwere wyaro 3.

moiZie informacia,

romeli sakravi uWiravs

qals xelSi?

6. raze metyvelebs

istoriuli gadmocema

erekle meoresa

da xelmomWirne

glexze?

gadmocema erekle II-sa da xelmomWirne glexze

gadmocemis mixedviT, erekle II-m Seityo, rom sagarejoSi erTi xelmomWirne

glexi cxovrobda, romelic gamorCenis gareSe aravis arafers ukeTebda. mefem

gadawyvita Tavad swveoda stumrad da Seemowmebina, mefesac Tu imaves gaubedavda.

glexma sufra banze gaSala da mefe, Tavisi amaliT, iq miiwvia. lxinis Semdeg mefem

was vla daapira, cxenze Sejda da glexs mimarTa:

_ aki, Svilo, Sen purs aravis aWmev ise, rom aras gamorCeo?

_ mainc egrea, Seni Wirime! _ Tamamad upasuxa glexma, _ marTali mouxsenebiaT.

_ rogor? aba dRes me ras gamomrCi?

_ mefeo am banze miwa axlad dayrilia. amis datkepnas bevri muSa moundeboda da

meti gamorCena rad minda, rom Cemma batonma da amodena didebulma xalxma Tavisi

sakuTari fexiT bani damitkepneso.

mefes moewona es moswrebuli sityva, gaecina da glexs xalaTi uboZa.

14 Cveni saqarTvelo 6

kaxeTi

15

kiTxvebi da

davalebebi

wyaros saxiT

mocemuli

ilustracia

rubrika

istoriis furclebi

miTebi da legendebi

saintereso informacia

pirovneba istoriaSi

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mxares _ kaxeTs, mis adgilmdebareobasa

da bunebriv pirobebs; gaigeb, Tu ratom icvleboda

saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi kaxeTis sazRvrebi; ra gavlenas

axdenda adgilmdebareoba da istoriuli pirobebi

misi dasaxlebis tipebsa da nagebobebze; meurneobis

romeli dargiT icnobs mas msoflio; ra stiqiuri movlenebi

aris am mxarisTvis damaxasiaTebeli da rogor

ibrZvian mis winaaRmdeg; kulturis romeli ZeglebiT

aris is cnobili.

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gzebi

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saxelmwifos

istoriul-geografiuli

provinciis

daculi teritoriis

hidrografia

municipalitetis centri

sxva dasaxlebuli punqti

kurorti

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tba

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gomboris uR. !

ombori

winandali gavazi

!

!

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vardisubani

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gurjaani!.

vejini

!

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11

1.1

kaxeTis geografiuli mdebareoba

da bunebrivi pirobebi

sad mdebareobs da ra esazRvreba kaxeTs?

kaxeTi saqarTvelos aRmosavleTiT mdebare saz -

Rvrispira istoriul-eTnografiuli mxarea. XV saukunemde

kaxeTis teritorias hereT-kaxeTi ewodeboda,

mogvianebiT ki, mxolod kaxeTi. saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi,

mtris Semosevebisa da Sida politikuri brZolis

gamo kaxeTis teritoria da mosaxleoba yvelaze metad

Seicvala. dRes igi mdinareebis _ alaznisa da ivris auzebs

moicavs.

wyaro 1. alaznis veli da sofeli zemo alvani

istoriulad, kaxeTis sazRvari xSirad icvleboda.

qarTlsa da kaxeTs Soris sazRvari mdinare aragvze gadioda.

misi ganuyofeli nawili hereTi ki axla saingilos

saxels atarebs da azerbaijanis saxelmwifos SemadgenlobaSia.

kaxeTSi mravalferovani bunebaa. ivris zegansa da

alaznis velze farTo da gaSlili vakeebia, sadac miwaTmoqmedebisTvis

idealuri pirobebia. civ-gomboris

qedi zRvis donidan 2000 metramdea. igi umetesad tyiT


aris dafaruli, xolo civis mTis mwvervali alpur zonaSia

moqceuli. kaxeTis ukidures samxreT- aRmosavleT

nawilSi, Siraqis velze, mdebareobs vaSlovanis naxevarudabno,

sadac sakmlis xea daculi. bawaras nakrZalSi

xarobs iSviaTi xe urTxmeli (uTxovari), romelic daaxloebiT

1800 wels cocxlobs.

wyaro 2. gomboris qedi da civis mTa

wyaro 3. vaSlovanis naxevarudabno

kaxeTi mdidaria sasargeblo wiaRiseuliT. aq moipoveba:

Tixa, marmarilo, samkurnalo talaxi, gaji, Termuli

wylebi da sxva. saqarTveloSi navTobis yvelaze didi

maragi kaxeTSi aris aRmoCenili. Tumca mas aqtiurad ar

moipoveben.

davaleba

1. gaarkvie, rukis daxmarebiT (gv. 10-11), romeli mxareebi

da saxelmwifoebi esazRvreba kaxeTs?

2. rogor fiqrob, ra procesebis gamo icvleboda kaxeTis

geografiuli sazRvrebi.

3. aRwere, wyaroebis 1-3 mixedviT, kaxeTis geografiuli

garemo.

4. aRwere, wyaro 3-isa da internetSi mopovebuli

damatebiTi informaciis mixedviT, ra mcenareebia

damaxasiaTebeli vaSlovanis naxevarudabnosTvis.

Seni azriT, ratom ewoda vaSlovanis naxevarudabnos

es saxeli.

leqsikoni

Termuli wyali _ miwisqveSa

wyali, romlis

temperatura

garemoze maRalia.

xSirad gamoiyeneba

samkurnalod.

kaxeTi

13

1.2

dasaxlebis tipebi da sacxovrebeli

nagebobebi kaxeTSi

ra axdenda gavlenas dasaxlebis tipebsa da

sacxovrebel nagebobebze kaxeTSi?

dasaxlebis tipebi

Tanamedrove kaxeTis dasaxlebis tipebi Zvelisgan

mniSvne lovnad gansxvavdeba. amis ZiriTadi mizezi

mtris xSiri Semoseva da darbevebi iyo. dRes kaxeTis

soflebis didi nawili mosaxerxebel adgilebze, vakeebzea

gaSenebuli. warsulSi ki soflebi ufro maRlob,

mTisZira adgilebSi, tyeebis siaxloves iyo. axlad

daarsebuli soflebis gamorCeva sxvagvaradac SeiZ leba.

rogorc wesi, isini kargad dagegmilia, quCebi swori da

proporciuli, Zveli soflebi ki, piriqiT.

davaleba

1. daasaxele, ra gansxvavebaa

kaxeTis

Zvel da axal dasaxlebul

punqtebs

Soris? axseni am gansxvavebis

mizezebi.


esxmoda mteri

kaxeTs ase xSirad.

3. ivaraude, wyaro 1-is

mixedviT, ra dros

SeiZleba daarsebuliyo

sofeli manavi.

4. romeli istoriuleTnografiuli

mxaris

dasaxlebis tips

hgavs kaxeTis dasaxlebebi

da ratom?

wyaro 1. sofeli manavi _ gomboris qedis samxreTdasavleT

kalTis Ziras

wyaro 2. axalsofeli


sacxovrebeli nagebobebi kaxeTSi

XX saukunemde kaxeTSi baniani sacxovrebeli saxlebi

Warbobda. ufro Zvelad ki darbazuli nagebobebic

yofila gavrcelebuli. kaxeTSi saxlebs qviTkirisgan

agebdnen, xolo saxuravi kramitiT iyo gadaxuruli.

xSirad, orferda saxlebs agebdnen, romlebic Waobis

lerwmiT ixureboda. kaxe TisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli iyo

sacxovrebeli saxlebisTvis sameurneo saTavsoebis,

marnis, boslisa da sabZlis miSeneba. qiziySi umetesad

baniani saxlebi Warbobda, romelic miwaSi iyo Casmuli.

aseT saxls, Cveulebriv, zemodan saxuravad miwa hqonda

dayrili, romlis datkepna Zalian Sromatevadi saqme

iyo. kaxeTSi zogjer „wnuli saxlebi“ da „ficruli

saxlebic“ iyo gavrcelebuli. isini, ZiriTadad, ezoSi

damxmare saTavsoebs warmoadgenda.

leqsikoni

qiziyi _ kaxeTis erTerTi

mxare.

davaleba

5. aRwere wyaro 3.

moiZie informacia,

romeli sakravi uWiravs

qals xelSi?

6. raze metyvelebs

istoriuli gadmocema

erekle meoresa

da xelmomWirne

glexze?

wyaro 3. qalebi baniani saxlis win, XIX saukunis bolo

gadmocema erekle II-sa da xelmomWirne glexze

gadmocemis mixedviT, erekle II-m Seityo, rom sagarejoSi erTi xelmomWirne

glexi cxovrobda, romelic gamorCenis gareSe aravis arafers ukeTebda. mefem

gadawyvita Tavad swveoda stumrad da Seemowmebina, mefesac Tu imaves gaubedavda.

glexma sufra banze gaSala da mefe, Tavisi amaliT, iq miiwvia. lxinis Semdeg mefem

was vla daapira, cxenze Sejda da glexs mimarTa:

_ aki, Svilo, Sen purs aravis aWmev ise, rom aras gamorCeo?

_ mainc egrea, Seni Wirime! _ Tamamad upasuxa glexma, _ marTali mouxsenebiaT.

_ rogor? aba dRes me ras gamomrCi?

_ mefeo am banze miwa axlad dayrilia. amis datkepnas bevri muSa moundeboda da

meti gamorCena rad minda, rom Cemma batonma da amodena didebulma xalxma Tavisi

sakuTari fexiT bani damitkepneso.

mefes moewona es moswrebuli sityva, gaecina da glexs xalaTi uboZa.

kaxeTi

15

1.3

mevenaxeoba-meRvineobis tradiciebi kaxeTSi

ras amzadebdnen kaxeTSi yurZnisgan?

kaxeTi yovelTvis dawinaurebuli meurneobis mxare

iyo, Tumca gansakuTrebiT mevenaxeoba-meRvineoba ganviTarda.

iq yurZnisgan, ZiriTadad, Rvinos ayeneben. kaxuri

Rvino ucxoeTSi ara marto bolo wlebSi, aramed

gasul saukuneebSic gahqondaT. TiTqmis yvela sofelSi

vazis adgilobrivi jiSebi iyo gavrcelebuli. kaxeTSi

20-ze meti vazis jiSi hqondaT gamoyvanili. gansakuTrebiT

farTod rqawiTeli, saferavi da manavis mwvane

gavrcelda. venaxSi vazi erT rigad aris darguli, rom

mzis sxivi yvela mtevansa da foTolze Tanabrad gavrceldes.

kaxeTSi yurZnis krefas rTveli ewodeba.

wyaro 1. rTveli kaxeTSi.

XIX saukunis bolo

davaleba

1. aRwere wyaroebi 1 da 2:

a) raSi agroveben yurZens

rTvelis dros Zvelad da

axla?

b) transportis romeli saSualebiT

gadaaqvT yurZeni

Zvelad da axla?

g) rogor acviaT kaxel glexebs?

Seadare Tanamedrove

rTvelSi monawileTa samoss.

wyaro 2. rTveli Tanamedrove kaxeTSi


yurZnis produqtebi da yurZnis Senaxvis wesebi

kaxeTSi yurZnisgan, ZiriTadad, Rvinos ayeneben, magram

aseve ician CurCxelis gakeTeba. CurCxela yurZnis

tkbili wvenisa da fqvilis naxarSSi (TaTaraSi) amovlebuli

nigvzis asxmulaa. kargi CurCxelis dasamzadeblad

saWiroa TaTaraSi meored amovleba. aseve, mesame-meoTxe

dRes „CurCxelas abadagebdnen“ anu „aSaqrebdnen“ _

mas badags wausvamdnen da erTi dRe-Ramis ganmavlobaSi

sufTa naWerSi gaaxvevdnen, ris Semdegac mzeze gaSlidnen.

rogorc ki mze daxedavda, CurCxela maSinve TeTrdeboda

da rbildeboda. CurCxela Zalian kaloriuli

saWmelia da Cveulebriv pirobebSi didxans inaxeba. amitom

qarTvel meomrebs sagzlad yovelTvis es nugbari

mihqondaT. CurCxela yvelanairi yurZnisgan keTdeba.

Tumca is imdenad mniSvnelovani produqtia, rom mis

dasamzadeblad specialurad ramdenime jiSis yurZeni

arsebobda. CurCxela dResac popularuli qarTuli

tkbi leulia da didi mowonebiT sargeblobs ucxoel

turistebs Soris.

wyaro 3. kaxuri CurCxela

zamTrisTvis yurZnis Senaxva kaxeTSi aucilebeli

saqme iyo. rTvelis dawyebamde ori dRiT adre venaxSi

Sesanax yurZens krefdnen, mtevnebs wnelze aasxamdnen

(„ajagnavdnen“). ajagnul yurZens mzis gulze debdnen,

an ormoSi CakidebiT inaxavdnen. qiziySi yurZens specialur

WurWelSi, kokalSic inaxavdnen. is mogrZo dabalnapiriani

WurWeli iyo. erT kokalze gaSlidnen yur-

Zens, TiTo-TiTo mtevans, meores zed moapirqvavebdnen,

daafarebdnen, garSemo Semolesavdnen da gaxsnisas ise-

Tive amodioda, rogorsac Caawyobdnen.

davaleba

2. ivaraude, ra mniSvneloba

eqneboda

CurCxelas omSi

wasuli qarTveli

jariskacebisTvis.

3. rogor inaxaven yur-

Zens?

4. CamoTvale SenTvis

cnobili yurZnis

jiSebi.

5. rogor fiqrob,

rodis aris xolme

rTveli kaxeTSi.

6. gamokiTxe ufrosebi

an Seni kaxeli megobari,

mezobeli,

ra tradiciebi aris

dakavSirebuli

rTvelTan.

kaxeTi

17

1.4

Rvinis kultura kaxeTSi

rogori iyo da aris kaxeTSi Rvinis damzadebisa

da Senaxvis tradiciuli kultura?

kaxeTSi Rvinis dasayenebel da Sesanax gansakuTrebul

nagebobas _ marans aSenebdnen. Zvelad maranSi

qalis Sesvla dauSvebeli iyo. mas „saRvine saxlsac“

uwodebdnen. aq iwureboda yurZeni, dgeboda da inaxeboda

Rvino. maranSi meRvineobis inventari ido. kaxur

maranSi xSirad sxvenic iyo mowyobili, sadac ZiriTadad

xili da bostneuli inaxeboda. marans sqeli kedlebi

hqonda. igi Rvinos zafxulSi sicxisgan, zamTarSi

ki yinvisgan icavda. marnis wina mxares qvevrebi iyo

Camarxuli, ukana mxares ki sawnaxeli idga, sadac yur-

Zeni iwureboda. moxdenilad gawyobili marani, tradiciulad,

mamakacTa TavSeyris, drostarebisa da lxinis

adgilic iyo.

wyaro 1. kaxuri marani

wyaro 2. yurZnis dawurva sawnaxelSi

davaleba

1. Seni azriT, ra uwyobs

xels Rvinis

Senaxvas maranSi.

2. romeli winadadebebi

metyvelebs,

frangi mogzauris

Canaweri dan, kaxelebis

simTvralisadmi

damokidebulebaze

(wyaro 3)?

wyaro 3. XIX saukunis frangi mogzauri baroni de bai

kaxeTSi meRvineobis Sesaxeb

„rodesac sawnaxeli yurZniT aivseba, mamakacebi did

auzSi ibanen terfebsa da wvivebs. sawnaxelSi imdeni

kacia, ramdensac misi sigrZe daitevs. yurZens ramdenime

saaTis ganmavlobaSi wuraven. maTi moZraoba

xan neli, xan swrafi, xan mSvidi, xanac energiulia da

misdevs maTive simReris ritms. simRerebi erTmaneTs

cvlis; Zlieri da JReradi, zogi saomari...“.

„kaxeTSi bevr Rvinos ayeneben, bevrsac svamen, magram

ar Tvrebian“.


wyaro 4. XIX saukunis germaneli mogzauri karl

koxi kaxelebsa da maranze

kaxeTSi „Semogvegeba Tavaziani mamakaci da Ramis

gasaTevad saxlSi mimipatiJa. es stumarTmoyvareobis

kidev erTi magaliTi iyo... saqarTveloSi stumrebi,

Cveulebriv, maranSi mihyavT. es is sapatio adgilia,

sadac xSirad imarTeba lxini. garda imisa, rom aq iwureba

da mzaddeba Rvino, Rvinis Wurebic maranSi inaxeba,

saidanac lxinis dros iolad SeiZleba sasmelis

amoReba... CemTvis gamocanad iyo qceuli, miuxedavad

Rvinis damzadebis primitiuli wesisa, sasmeli mainc

aseTi kargi rogor gamodioda“.

davaleba

3. kaxelebis romel

tradiciaze miu-

TiTebs germaneli

mogzauri (wyaro 4)?

Semodgomaze, rTvelis dros, kaxeTs uamravi adamiani

stumrobs. xSirad isini rTvelsa da yurZnis dawurvaSi

iReben monawileobas, aseve, agemovneben Rvinos da

kaxur tradiciebs ecnobian. am mizniT Seiqmna proeqti

`Rvinis gza~, romelic mraval ucxoel turists izidavs.

wyaro 5. sagzao niSani

`Rvinis gza~

wyaro 6. turistebi saojaxo sastumroSi

Rvinos agemovneben

davaleba

4. daasaxele, gakveTilis teqstisa da wyaroebis 1-4

daxmarebiT, ra daniSnuleba aqvs marans.

5. rogor fiqrob, Rvinis damzadebisa da Senaxvis

kultura kaxeTSi Seicvala Tu ara? pasuxi daasabuTe.

6. Seni azriT, ra mniSvneloba aqvs proeqts `Rvinis gza~.

7. moiZie internetSi informacia Rvinis sawarmoebze

kaxeTSi, aseve, romel qveynebSi gaaqvT kaxuri Rvino.

8. rogor fiqrob, ra mniSvneloba aqvs saqarTvelos

ekonomikisTvis kaxur Rvinos.

9. SeqmeniT kaxuri Rvinis reklama. misi mizani unda

iyos qar Tveli da ucxoeli myidvelis daintereseba

am RviniT.

kaxeTi

19

1.5

kulturis Zeglebi kaxeTSi

ras mogviTxrobs kulturis Zeglebi kaxeTis istoriaze?

erekle meore

erekle meores

qarTl-kaxeTis winaSe

araerTi damsaxureba

miuZRvis. is ara

marto saxelmwifo

moRvawe, aramed didi

mxedarTmTavaric iyo

da saqarTvelos gaer-

Tianebisa da gadar-

CenisTvis ibrZoda.

xalxs is Zalian uyvarda.

rodesac gardaicvala,

xangrZlivi,

sayovelTao glovis

Semdeg, Telavis sasaxlidan

mcxeTis

sveticxovlis taZar-

Si gadaasvenes da iq

dakrZales, rogorc

gmiri mefe.

kaxeTSi bevri sasaxle, cixe-koSki, eklesia-monasteri

aSenda, magram Cvenamde yvelam rodi moaRwia. uamrav

turists izidavs Zveli qalaqebi Telavi da siRnaRi. TelavSia

erekle mefis sasaxle _ „batonis cixe“. igi miu-

TiTebs im faqtze, rom qarTvelTa es mefe mokrZalebiT

cxovrobda. Tanamedrove qarTvelebma erekle mefes pativi

imiT miages, rom TelavSi misi Zegli aRmarTes.

wyaro 1. Telavi

wyaro 2. „batonis cixe“ da erekle meoris Zegli TelavSi


siRnaRi gadahyurebs alaznis vakes, romelTan

erTad, kavkasionis mTebi ganumeorebel peizaJs qmnis.

siRnaRs didi cixe-galavani aqvs garSemortymuli. galavnis

sigrZe 4 kilometramdea. galavanSi 28 koSkia Ca-

Senebuli, romlebsac saTofurebi aqvs. TiToeuli koSki

axlomdebare soflis saxels atarebs. mefe ereklem

es qalaqi vaWrobis ganviTarebisa da ekonomikuri dovlaTis

gasazrdelad daaarsa. man siRnaRSi Caasaxla somxebi,

romlebic am sferoSi gawafulebi iyvnen.

ramdenime wlis win siRnaRs rekonstruqcia Cautarda

da dRes, saqarTvelos moqalaqeebTan erTad, is ucxoel

turistTa sayvareli adgilic aris.

wyaro 3. siRnaRi kavkasionis fonze

davaleba

wyaro 4. siRnaRis

cixe-galavani

1. moawyeT eqskursia

erekle meores memorialuri

adgilebis

mosanaxuleblad.

gaixseneT, ra aris

saWiro eqskursiis

mosawyobad da rogoria

eqskursiisas

qcevis wesebi.

2. Seni azriT, ra

daniSnuleba hqonda

siRnaRis cixegalavans

(wyaro 4).

ra SeiZleba mogviTxros

man kaxeTis

warsulze?

kaxeTi

21

wyaro 6. Widaobis scena

alaverdis taZris freskidan

wyaro 5. alaverdis taZari

wyaro 7. gremi

davaleba

3. raze metyvelebs Widaobis scenis gamosaxuleba

freskaze (wyaro 6).

4. moiZie informacia cnobil sportsmenebze, romlebic

warmoSobiT kaxeTidan arian.

qiziySi, siRnaRidan 2 kilometris daSorebiT, bodbis

monasteria, romelic qarTvelTa Soris qristia -

nobis gamavrceleblis wmida ninos saflavzea agebuli.

kaxeTis siamayea alaverdis taZari. is saepiskoposo

centria. misi simaRle 51 metria. kaxeTSia aseve iyal-

Tosa da SuamTis samonastro kompleqsebi, gremi da nekresi,

gurjaanis yvelawmida da kvetera. isini qarTuli

ganaTlebisa da kulturis kerebi iyo warsulSi da axla

Cveni qveynis kulturul memkvidreobas warmoadgens.

istoriuli kaxeTis naxevarudabnoSi, garejis kldeebSi

mdebareobs VI saukuneSi daarsebuli samonastro

centri, romelic asureTidan mosulma wmida mama daviT

garejelma daafuZna. daviTgarejSi 20-ze meti istoriuli

Zeglia. zogierTi maTgani dRes azerbaijanis

teritoriazea. gamorCeulia berTubnis monastris

RvTismSoblis eklesiis mxatvroba. aqve iyo daculi

xelnawerebis mdidari koleqcia.

wyaro 8. daviTgarejis samonastro kompleqsi

wyaro 9. daviTgarejis freskebi


kaxeTis saero arqiteqturis Zeglia WavWavaZeebis

winandlis sasaxle. sasaxlis garda, igi unikalur baRs

da Rvinis mdidar sacavs moicavs. poet aleqsandre

Wav WavaZis dros sasaxle imdroindeli qarTuli maRali

wris sazogadoebis TavSeyris adgils warmoadgenda.

winandlis mamulSi aleqsandre WavWavaZem, pirvelad

saqarTvelos istoriaSi, evropuli wesiT damzadebuli

Rvino boTlSi Camoasxa. manve pirvelma, dekoratiuli

parkis mosawyobad, evropidan specialistebi Camoiyvana.

dRes winandalSi muzeumia, romelsac uamravi adamiani

stumrobs. iqve, yovelwliurad musikaluri festivali

imarTeba.

wyaro 10. aleqsandre WavWavaZis saxl-muzeumi

davaleba

5. daasaxele, romel istoriul pirovnebebTan aris dakavSirebuli kaxeTis istoriuli

da kulturuli Zeglebi: batonis cixe TelavSi (wyaroebi 1 da 2), bodbis

monasteri, daviTgarejis samonastro kompleqsi (wyaroebi 8 da 9).

6. dagegmeT eqskursia kaxeTSi. amisTvis:

a) moiZieT informacia internetis, istoriuli Tu sacnobaro literaturis daxmarebiT,

kaxeTSi arsebul eTnografiul, mxareTmcodneobiT muzeumebze TelavSi,

siRnaRSi, winandalSi.

b) SeadgineT, rukis (gv. 6-7) da moZiebuli informaciis daxmarebiT, turistuli

marSruti kaxeTSi. SeitaneT masSi is Zeglebi, romelTa naxva gsurT, maT Soris,

muzeumebi.

g) dawereT gancxadeba klasis damrigeblis saxelze, romelSic daasabuTebT, rom

miTiTebuli Zeglebis da muzeumebis monaxuleba TqvenTvis mniSvnelovania.

7. jgufuri muSaoba:

a) moiZieT informacia alaverdis taZarze an iyalTos samonastro kompleqsze.

b) moamzadeT prezentacia, romelSic pasuxs gascemT Semdeg kiTxvebs: rodis

daarsda, vis saxelTan aris igi dakavSirebuli, misi mokle istoria. warudgineT

Sedegebi klass PPT-Si prezentaciis saxiT.

kaxeTi

23

1.6

meurneobis dargebi kaxeTSi

garda mevenaxeobisa da meRvineobisa, meurneobis kidev

romeli dargebia ganviTarebuli kaxeTSi?

leqsikoni

guTnisdeda _ miwis

muSa, romelic xvnis

dros saxvnels uZ-

Rveboda.

mexre _ xarebis gamreki.

xaro _ marcvleulis

Sesanaxi ormo.

memindvreoba

kaxeTSi didi raodenobiT mohyavdaT marcvleuli

kulturebi, gansakuTrebiT, xorbali. xnavdnen Seamxanagebulebi,

rasac aq „modgamoba“ ewodeboda. xvnis

dawyebis win dResaswauli imarTeboda. mas „sasoflo

saRmrTos“ uwodebdnen. soflis eklesiasTan ixdidnen

Seyris parakliss, Semdeg sufras miusxdebodnen, guTnisdeda

locavda mexreebs, usurvebda erTgulad muSaobas

da xvna-Tesvis kargad damTavrebas. avadmyofebs

ulufas saxlSi ugzavnidnen.

wyaro 1. „mkis jvari“

an „mkis varskvlavi“

davaleba

1. ras niSnavs „modgamoba“?

2. gaixsene mexuTe klasis

saxelmZRvanelodan

`Cveni saqar-

Tvelo~ saqarTvelos

kidev romel mxareSia

gavrcelebuli `modgamoba~.

3. rogor Seicvala

sityvis „mesveuri“

mniSvneloba?

4. ratom xnavdnen kaxelebi

Seamxanagebulebi?

rogor fiqrob,

Tanamedrove pirobebSi

Seamxanagebis

aucilebloba arsebobs

Tu ara. pasuxi

daasabuTe.

memindvreobis tradiciebi

xvnis dros modgamis wevrebi orovelebs mRerodnen.

moweuli mosavali avdars ar unda gaefuWebina.

mka aucileblad male unda daemTavrebinaT.

dRes mesveuri yvelanairi saqmis moTaves

niSnavs. es sityva ki Tavdapirvelad mkis ufross

niSnavda. mkidnen ramdenime mwkrivad. TiToeul

mwkrivs Tavisi mesveuri hyavda, romelic win midioda.

mesveurs ukan ori momkeli misdevda. mkis dam-

Tavrebis Semdeg saukeTeso fxiani TavTavisagan „mkis

jvars“ kravdnen, rasac momavali wlis Tesvamde inaxavdnen.

„Tesvis gatanis“ dRes mas fSvnidnen, „RviniT

aziarebdnen“, dasaTes TeslSi Seurevdnen da ityodnen

_ „ase kakaliviT marcvali movideso“. moweul

marcvleuls ormoebsa da xaroebSi inaxavdnen.

marcvali hqondaT beRelSic.

wyaro 2. puris cxoba kaxeTSi. XIX saukunis bolo


davaleba

5. daasaxele gakveTilis teqstSi is winadadebebi,

romlebSic Cans kaxeTSi arsebuli urTierTdaxmarebis

tradiciebi. Seni azriT, rogor SeiZleba

gamovlindes es tradiciebi dRes. Sen rogor exmarebi

im adamianebs, visac uWirs?

6. aRwere wyaro 2. ra msgavseba da gansxvavebaa Tonis

puris cxobis Tanamedrove da Zvel wesebs Soris.

vin acxobda Tonis purs winaT da, ZiriTadad, vin

acxobs dRes?

stiqiuri movlenebi kaxeTSi

kaxeTs xSirad Tavs atydeba sxvadasxva stiqiuri ubedureba,

maT Soris, gvalva da setyva, romlebic naTesebs

anadgurebs. winaT am ubedurebisgan mosavlis dacva Zalian

uWirdaT da erTaderTi, rac SeeZloT, sxvadasxva

ritualis Catareba iyo. magaliTad, gvalvianobis dros

icodnen guTniT `wylis moxvna~. am rituals qalebi asrulebdnen.

guTans uRels gamoabamdnen, uRelSi Tavad

Seebmebodnen da mdinareSi gaaTrevdnen. dinebas aRma

ahyvebodnen. adidebdnen RmerTsa da elia winaswarmetyvels:

„aRar gvinda goraxi, RmerTo, mogve talaxi. dideba

da dideba, RmerTsa Cvensa dideba“. imisaTvis, rom

puris marcvali msxvili gamosuliyo, saTesle xorbals

kakals Caurevdnen. am qmedebiT sjerodaT, rom kakals

puris marcvlis gamsxvileba SeeZlo.

mosavlis dacvis saWiroebidan gamomdinare, saqar-

TveloSi specialuri setyvis sawinaaRmdego sistemebi

Seiqmna.

davaleba

7. moiZie informacia,

sad mohyavT dRes

xorbali kaxeTSi.

8. rogor fiqrob, kaxe-

TisTvis meurneobis

romeli dargia yvelaze

perspeqtiuli.

aris Tu ara es memindvreoba?

pasuxi

daasabuTe.

9. rogor icavdnen

nargavebs stiqiuri

ubedurebisgan winaT

da rogor icaven

dRes (wyaro 3)?

`delta~ _ setyvis

sawinaaRmdego danadgari

qarTvelma gamomgoneblebma

set yvis sawinaaRmdego efeqtiani

danadgari _ `delta~ Seqmnes.

Tavdapirvelad, sinoptikosebi

Rrub lebze dakvirvebis Sedegad,

afiqsireben, sad da rodis aris

mosalodneli set yva. Rrublebis

dasaSlelad da set yvis SesaCereblad

misi mimarTulebiT `deltadan~

raketebs isvrian. raketebis

afeTqebis Semdeg maRali temperatura

warmoiqmneba, rac setyvis

marcvlebs adnobs da wvimad

aqcevs.

wyaro 3. setyvis sawinaaRmdego

danadgari „delta“ kaxeTSi

kaxeTi

25

mecxoveleoba kaxeTSi

mecxoveleoba kaxeTSi iseve ganviTarebuli iyo, rogorc

mTel saqarTveloSi. magaliTad, qiziys winaT kambeCovani

erqva, vinaidan is mesaqonleobis iseTi dargis

farTod gavrcelebas ukavSirdeba, rogoric aris mekameCeoba.

qiziySi qarTvel mTielTa sazamTro saZovrebic

bevri iyo. meRoreobiT ki saxelganTqmuli iyo pankisis

xeoba, sadac SemodgomobiT Rori saqarTvelos sxva mxareebidanac

mihyavdaT. Tumca meurneobis es dargi iq

wamyvani aRar aris, radgan iq muslimi qistebi dasaxldnen,

romlebsac Roris xorcis Wama ekrZalebaT.

pankiseli qistebi

qistebi durZukebis STamomavalni arian. isini CrdiloeT kavkasiis maRalmTian

soflebSi cxovrobdnen. qarTvelebsa da maT Soris odiTganve axlo urTierToba

arsebobda. magaliTad, qarTlis mefe farnavazs coli durZuki hyavda. gansakuTrebuli

urTierToba hqondaT mezobel qarTvel mTielebTan.

1840-60-ian wlebSi qarTvelebisgan daclil pankisis xeobaSi mciremiwianobiT Sewuxebuli

qistebi Casaxldnen. mas Semdeg qistebi da qarTvelebi erTmaneTis gverdiT

megobrulad cxovroben. maT

gvarebi qarTulis msgavsi aqvT

da „Svilze“ mTavrdeba. isini qar-

Tulad metyveleben. qistebis soflebic

kaxuris analogiuria. kaxelebisagan

gansxvavebiT, qistebi

ZiriTadad muslimebi arian, Tumca

Zvel da Tanamedrove saxalxo dResaswaulebs

qarTvelebTan erTad

aRniSnaven.

wyaro 4. pankiseli gogonebi

pankisis xeobaSi mcxovrebi qistebi misdeven miwaTmoqmedebasa

da mesaqonleobas. mohyavT simindi, xorbali,

qeri, Svria. maTTanac popularulia mevenaxeoba,

mebostneoba, mexileoba. TuSebisgan maT cxvris yvelis

warmoeba iswavles. Sinamrewvelobis dargebidan ganvi-

Tarebulia xelosnoba, xis WurWlis, safeni da wamosasxami

nabdebis, qudebis damzadeba, rac umTavresad saojaxo

moTxovnilebas akmayofilebs.

davaleba

10. risi niSania pankiseli gogonas Tavsaburavi (wyaro 4)?

11. raze metyvelebs is, rom pankiselebi muslimur da saxalxo dResaswaulebs xSirad

qarTvelebTan erTad aRniSnaven?

12. Seni azriT, ratom cxovroben qistebi da qarTvelebi erTmaneTis gverdiT

megobrulad? gaixsene me-5 klasis saxel mZRvanelodan „Cveni saqarTvelo“, ra

uwyobs xels tolerantobas, anu Semwynareblobas.

13. romeli qarTveli poetis SemoqmedebaSi aris asaxuli qistebis wes-Cveulebebi?


xelosnoba kaxeTSi

kaxeTSi xelosnobis sxvadasxva dargi iyo ganviTarebuli.

is keramikuli warmoebis erT-erT centrs warmoadgenda.

mraval sofelSi WurWels akeTebdnen. erTi saukunis win

TelavSi 60 meWurWle cxovrobda. aq akeTebdnen, ZiriTadad,

wvril WurWels, aseve, kramitsa da agurs. kaxeTSi mzaddeboda

mownuli WurWlis nairsaxeobac. icodnen Zalian didi

godrebis dawvna, romlebsac marcvleulis Sesanaxad iyenebdnen.

marcvleulis Casayreli godori Signidan aucileblad

sasuqisa da bzis nareviT igliseboda.

wyaro 5. meTuneebi, XX saukunis dasawyisi

wyaro 6. meTune,

XXI saukunis dasawyisi

transportis saSualebebi kaxeTSi

kaxeTSi, rogorc sxvagan, ZiriTad satransporto saSualebas Zvelad orborbliani

uremi warmoadgenda. uremSi, Cveulebriv, xar-kameCs abamdnen. magram kaxeTi

am mxriv originaluri iyo _ aq bevri saxedari (viri) hyavdaT. mecxvareebisTvis viri

ufro saWiro iyo, vidre cxeni. virs zed

ekida mwyemsis bargi, xurjini da sxva

ram. qiziySi wyaroebi Sors hqondaT da

wylis sazidad virs iyenebdnen. virs gadahkidebdnen

mownul sakokeebs, Sig kokebs

Cadgamdnen da patarZali wyaroze

xSirad ase midioda. aseve viris yolas

ganapirobebda venaxebis siSore. sagzlis

misatanad da iqidan sxvada sxva Wirnaxulis

mosatanad virs iyenebdnen. amasTan

erTad, mas cota sakvebi unda. kaxeTSi

virebis simravliT qiziyi gamoirCeoda.

iq, faqtobrivad, saxedris gareSe ojaxi

ar iyo.

wyaro 7. wyarosken

davaleba

14. aRwere wyaro 5. ras amzadeben es adamianebi? samosis

romeli detali metyvelebs maT saqmianobaze?

15. Seadare wyaroebi 5 da 6. ra msgavsebas xedav qvevris

damzadebis teqnologiaSi. gamoitane Sesabamisi daskvna.

kaxeTi

27

1.7

kaxeTis brZola gadarCenisTvis

ra gavlena moaxdina sagareo faqtorebma kaxeTze?

wyaro 1. Sah-abasi

fereidneli qarTvelebi

saqarTveloSi yvelam icis, rom iranis erT-erT mxareSi

_ fereidanSi qarTvelebi cxovroben. fereidneli

qarTvelebis winaprebi 400 wlis win iranis Sahma ZaliT

ahyara da samSoblodan gadaasaxla. bevri adgilobrivebs

Seeria, magram fereidanSi gadasaxlebulebma TavianTi

fesvebi ar daiviwyes. sparseTis (dRevandeli

iranis) mbrZaneblis Sah-abasis Semosevebis Sedegad kaxeTi

faqtobrivad gaukacrielda. qarTvelebi mxolod

aqa-iq Tu SemorCnen. kaxeTi momTabare tomebis saZovrebad

iqca, venaxebi da baRebi gaiCexa.

leqsikoni

migracia _ calkeuli

pirebis, an jgufebis

mier sacxovrebeli

adgilis Secvla.

wyaro 2. fereidneli qarTveli bavSvebi da qalebi, 1927 weli

wyaro 3. Svidi wlis fereidneli

biWis tariel mulianis werili

davaleba

1. rogor fiqrob, raze

metyvelebs fereidneli

bavSvebisa da

qalebis Cacmuloba

(wyaro 2).

2. Seni azriT, rogor

SeeZloT fereidnel

qarTvelebs 400

wlis ganmavlobaSi

TavianTi erovnebis

SenarCuneba samSoblodan

Sors, iranSi

(wyaro 3).

bavSvuri ocnebebi

me tarieli var. mamiko ambobs, es

didi saxeliao. mamikom miTxra, qar

Tvelma unda icodes qarTulad wera-kiTxvao.

Zneli ki ar iyo _ viswavle.

me Zalian miyvars saqarTvelo. is

daxatulia. ... me vnaxe aqauri mindvrebi da xalxic. vnaxe

jariskacebi, tankebic. mec jariskacis forma mecva da

saqarTvelos droSa xelSi mekava. bevrma makoca... mamiko

ambobs: Senc erT dRes saqarTvelos jariskaci unda

iyo. mixaria, rom qarTveli var. minda mudam saqarTveloSi

viyo... omi rom iyo, mamikom itira. me da dedikoc

avtirdiT. vici, mamiko ratom tiroda. mas guli daewva,

rom qarTvelebs klavdnen. ar damaviwydeba is dro. me

miyvars saqarTvelo.

tariel muliani, 2008 weli


baxtrionis ajanyeba

saqarTvelo kaxeTs kargavda, magram qarTvelebi

mtre bisgan kaxeTis gamosaxsnelad gaerTiandnen. ajanyebis

ZiriTadi monawileni mTielebi iyvnen. ajanyebas

biZina ColoyaSvili, Salva da elizbar qsnis erisTavebi

xelm ZRvanelobdnen. ajanyebis erT-erTi moTave da

organizatori iyo TuSi zezva gafrindauli. ajanyebis

aqtiuri monawileebi iyvnen xevsuri nadira xoSarauli

da fSaveli gogolauri. mTielTa Tavganwirva gamarjvebiT

damTavrda. mteri kaxeTidan gandevnes. mxare gadaSenebas

gadaurCa. qarTvelTa es gmiroba baxtrionis

ajanyebis saxeliT aris cnobili. es moxda 1659 wels.

magram kaxeTSi adgilobrivi mosaxleobis mcire nawili

iyo darCenili. kaxeTs danarCenma saqarTvelom uSvela.

iq daiwyo mTielebisa da dasavleT saqarTvelos mosaxleobis

migracia. qarTvelebis kaxeTSi dasaxleba me-20

saukunis Suaxanebamde grZel deboda.

qarTvelebma ajanyebis moTaveebs, STamomavlebis

mier wmindanebad aRiarebul, biZina ColoyaSvils, Salva

da elizbar qsnis erisTavebs axalgorSi Zegli daudges.

misi naxvis saSualeba dRes saqarTvelos mosaxleobas

aRar aqvs, radgan axalgori 2008 wlidan ruseTs aqvs

okupirebuli. amitom, yofili qsnis saerisTavodan da

Sida qar Tlis sxva xeobebidan qarTvelebi devnilni

arian.

wyaro 5. sparseli istorikosi iskander munSi

kaxeTze Sah abasis Semosevebis Semdeg

„qarTveli mosaxleobisagan im mxareSi (gulisxmobs

kaxeTs _ avt.) aRaravin darCa... mosaxleobis sunic ki

arsad iyo darCenili... iseTi qveyana, romelic yovel

wels uricxv sargeblobasa da Semosavals iZleoda,

daingra da miwasTan iqna gasworebuli“.

wyaro 6. qarTveli mecnieri niko berZeniSvili

mosaxleobis Semadgenlobis cvlilebaze kaxeTSi

„Cveni drois kaxeTSi, magaliTad, mcire vinmea

Zvel kaxTa da herTa Camomavali. ... Cveni drois kaxels

mcire ram aqvs saerTo Zvel kaxTan da herTan“.

wyaro 4. biZina Coloya-

Svili da Salva da

elizbar qsnis erisTavebi

davaleba

3. rogor fiqrob,

ratom gaimarjves

qarTvelebma baxtrionis

ajanyebaSi?

4. rogor afasebs Sah

abasis Semosevebis

Semdeg kaxeTSi

arsebul viTarebas

sparseli istorikosi

iskander munSi

(wyaro 5)?

5. ras wers qarTveli

mecnieri kaxeTis

mosaxleobaze

(wyaro 6)?

6. ra mizezebi iwvevda

kaxeTSi mosaxleobis

cvlilebas sxvadasxva

dros?

davaleba

7. daasaxele SenTvis cnobili migraciuli procesebis

SemTxvevebi Zvelad da Tanamedrove saqarTveloSi.

8. ra mizezebi iwvevda da dResac iwvevs mosaxleobis

migracias?

kaxeTi

29

1.8

kaxeTis bunebis RirsSesaniSnaobebi

bunebis romeli RirsSesaniSnaobebia kaxeTSi?

leqsikoni

kanioni _ Rrma viwro

xeoba.

kaxeTi mdidaria bunebrivi RirsSesaniSnaobebiT. iq

ramdenime daculi teritoriaa. qiziySi, ivris zeganze

aris vaSlovanis daculi teritoria. vaSlovanisaken

gzaze, pantiSaras xeobaSi, Rrma da ulamazesi kanionia.

xeobis orive mxares aRmarTulia cixesimagris msgavsi

Sveuli kldeebi, romlebzec mercxlebma uamravi bude

aaSenes. amitom am adgils xalxi „mercxlebis qalaqs“

uwodebs. Tumca mercxlebis budeebs adre gazafxulze

beRurebi epatronebian, Tbili qveynebidan dabrunebul

mercxlebs ki „qalaqis“ dasabruneblad brZola uwevT.

wyaro 1. vaSlovanis daculi teritoriis erT-erTi xedi

wyaro 2. `mercxlebis

qalaqi~

wyaro 3. talaxis vulkanebi, vaSlovanis daculi teritoria

iqidan arcTu ise Sors samxreTuli spilos gaqvavebuli

Zvlebia, romelTagan yvelaze didi 87 sm-ia, riTac

irkveva, Tu ramdenad giganturi zomis iyvnen milioni

wlis winandeli ZuZumwovari cxovelebi.


kaxeTSi CanCqerebic aris. isini lagodexis nakrZalSi

mdebareobs. erT-erTi maTganis _ ninosxevis CanCqeris

simaRle 45 metria. ulamazes CanCqeramde gzaSi mgzavri

SeiZleba Svels, irems, gareul Rors da mtacebel frinvelsac

ki waawydes. lagodexis alpur zonaSi ki aqauri

landSaftisTvis uCveulod didi Savi kldeebis tbaa.

wyaro 5. ninosxevis

CanCqeri, lagodexis

nakrZali

wyaro 4. Savi kldeebis tba, lagodexis nakrZali

pankisis xeobaSia bawaras nakrZali, sadac floris

iSviaTi saxeoba _ uTxovaris xeebia. adgilobrivi

mcxov rebni iq arsebul yvelaze didxnovan uTxovars

„xe patriarqs“ uwodeben. misi asakia 1800 weli. legendis

Tanaxmad, xalxma Tamar mefesTan kaci gagzavna, rom

uTxovris xis moWris neba mieca, mefem ki SeuTvala,

amas nu mTxovTo, ris Semdegac xes „uTxovari“ uwodes.

wyaro 6. uTxovaris xeebi bawaras nakrZalSi

davaleba

1. gaixsene, ra daniSnuleba aqvs nakrZals.

2. romeli nakrZalebi mdebareobs kaxeTSi?

3. romeli nakrZalia Sens mxareSi?

4. bunebis romeli saocrebebia kaxeTis nakrZalebSi?

5. imsjeleT, adamianis ra qmedebam SeiZleba Seuqmnas

problemebi bunebas.

kaxeTi

31

ra vici da ra SemiZlia

1. kaxeTi saqarTvelSi meRvineobis mTavari centria. warsulSi

aq yvelaze meti vazis jiSi iyo gavrcelebuli,

bolo periodSi ki venaxebSi mxolod ramdenime jiSi SemorCa.

• gaakeTe proeqti, TanaklaselebTan erTad, vazis Zveli

jiSebis popularizaciis mizniT.

• dayavi sam nawilad yurZeni, gamoyenebis mixedviT.

• moiZie TiToeuli jgufisTvis sami saxeobis Zveli vazis

jiSi.

• daamzade maT Sesaxeb sainformacio broSurebi.

• sTxove daxmareba broSuris dizainis SeqmnaSi mSoblebs

an Seni skolis kompiuteruli teqnologiebis maswavlebels.

broSuris SinaarsisTvis SegiZlia gamoiyeno

wyaroebi 1 da 2.

Seavse rveulSi cxrili: `yurZnis jiSebi sxvadasxva gamoyenebis

mizniT~ .

cxrili: yurZnis jiSebi sxvadasxva gamoyenebis mizniT

saRvine yurZeni

saWmeli (sufris)

yurZeni

1) 1) 1)

2) 2) 2)

3) 3) 3)

CurCxelis

yurZeni

wyaro 1. sareklamo broSura


yurZnis jiSi

rqawiTeli

ZiriTadi gavrcelebis

areali

gavrcelebis saerTo

farTobi

gamoyenebis ZiriTadi

sfero

upiratesobebi da

naklovanebebi

aRmosavleT

saqarTvelo _ kaxeTi

16 000 heqtari. maT Soris,

kaxeTSi 13 000 heqtari

meRvineoba. misgan dgeba

TeTri mSrali Rvino

damatebiTi informacia

wyaro 2. informacia rqawiTelis jiSis yurZenze

rqawiTeli gamoirCeva maRali mosavlianobiT, daavadebebis

mimarT amtanianobiT, yinvagamZlea. misi susti mxarea

is, rom saWiroebs Sewamvlas da Znelad itans daavadeba

„nacars“.

• broSuris damzadebis Semdeg gaavrcele igi socialuri

qselebis meSveobiT. daakvirdi erTi kviris

ganmavlobaSi, romeli vazis jiSiT dainteresda sazogadoeba

yvelaze metad da ratom?

• gaecani komentarebs Seni damzadebuli sainformacio

broSuris Sesaxeb, ramdenad amomwuravi iyo igi da

axlidan rom akeTebde, ra informacias daamatebdi an

moaklebdi?

• gaakeTe reitinguli sia, romelma vazis jiSma daagrova

yvelaze meti mowoneba?

• Seni damzadebuli broSura da Catarebuli kvleva

gaugzavne kaxeTSi moqmed Rvinis mwarmoebel kompaniebs.

SesTavaze maT, Tqveni klasis saxelze, TavianT

meurneobaSi ramdenime Ziri vazi gaaSenon.

2. „davicvaT garemo!“:

a) moiZieT informacia internetSi kaxeTSi arsebul romelime

nakrZalze.

b) moamzadeT prezentacia PPT-Si iq dacul iSviaT

mcenareebsa da cxovelebze.

g) daxateT plakati, mowodebiT „davicvaT garemo!“.

d) moawyeT gamofena klasSi, miZRvnili garemos dacvis

sakiTxisadmi.

kaxeTi

33

kari 2.

aRmosavleT

saqarTvelos

mTianeTi

am karSi Seiswavli aRmosavleT

saqarTvelos mT i aneTs _ TuSeTs,

fSavs, xevsureTs, mTiuleTs, xevs,

gudamayarsa da erwo-TianeTs; Seityob

iq gavrcelebuli tradiciebisa

da gadmocemebis Sesaxeb; gaigeb,

Tu riT hgvanan da gansxvavdebian es

istoriul-eTnografiuli mxareebi

erTmaneTisgan da ram gamoiwvia es

gansxvaveba; Seiswavli mis bunebas,

dasaxlebis formebsa da sacxovrebel

saxlebs; Seafaseb mTis turistul

potencials da bolodroindel

cvlilebebs; Seityob saintereso istoriul

faqtebs mTis warsulis Sesaxeb;

gaigeb, Tu rogor monawileobda

da ra roli hqonda dakisrebuli

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTis

mxareebs erTiani saqarTvelos samefoSi;

Seadareb Zvelad iq arsebul

sameurneo saqmianobas dRes arsebul

mdgomareobasTan; gaigeb, Tu ra Taviseburebebi

hqonda mTielTa yofasa

da kulturas.

r u

Crdilo oseTi

yaz

Crdilo oseTi

yazbeg ero

m. myinvarwveri 5033

erovnup

m. myinvarwveri 5033

stefanwminda parki

stefanwminda

! sioni!.

!

ketrisi

! sioni

ketrisi x e

!

! v

x e v

kobi

! i

kobi

q

r u

q

Tergi

a

Tergi

a

s e

s e

jvris uR.

2384 jvris uR.

2384 ! gudauri

gud

! gudauri

pirobiTi pirobiTi aRniSvnebi aRniSvnebi

dasaxlebuli dasaxlebuli punqtebi punqtebi


!. !. municipalitetis centri



! kurorti

! kurorti

gzebi gzebi

avtomagistrali

gzatkecili gzatkecili

sazRvrebi

saxelmwifos saxelmwifos


provinciis provinciis

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34

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35

2.1

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTis

geografiuli mdebareoba da buneba

rogoria aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTis geografiuli

pirobebi?

davaleba

1. daadgine, rukis

daxmarebiT (gv. 6-7),

romeli mdinareebi

miedineba aRmosavleT

saqarTvelos

mTianeTSi. romeli

maTgania kavkasionis

qedis samxreTiT da

romeli Crdiloe-

TiT?

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTi, ZiriTadad, kavkasionis

mTavari wyalgamyofi qedis gaswvriv mdebareobs.

teritoriis didi nawili Rrma xeobebiT aris

daserili, xolo mdinareebi kavkasionis mTianeTis ma-

Rali mTebidan iRebs saTaves. aRmosavleT saqarTvelos

mTianeTSi bevria maradTovliani mwvervalebi, maRali

kldeebi, tyis masivebi, alpuri mdeloebi (saZovrebi).

yvelaze maRali mTa iq myinvarwveria. misi simaRle

zRvis donidan 5048 metria. adgilobrivi qarTveli mTielebi

mas `xevis patarZals~ uwodeben. mowmendil amindSi

myinvarwveri Tbilisidanac kargad Cans. myinvarwveris

dapyroba ara marto mTasvlelebs, aramed saTanado

fizikuri monacemebis mqone adamianebsac SeuZliaT.

wyaro 1. myinvarwveri da gergetis samebis

eklesia, romelic mefe giorgi brwyinvales

brZanebiT aSenda

davaleba

2. ivaraude, wyaro

1-isa da rukis daxmarebiT

(gv. 6-7),

romel mxareSi mdebareobs

gergetis

samebis eklesia?

wyaro 2. `roSkis lodebi~ sofel

roSkis fonze

mTaSi mniSvnelobiT da silamaziT gamorCeuli bevri

adgilia. erT-erTi aseTi daba fasanaurTan mdebareobs,

sadac TeTri da Savi aragvi erTmaneTs uerTdeba. amitom

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTi mraval turists,

mTamsvlelsa da bunebis moyvaruls izidavs. Tavisi

mniS vnelobiT gamoirCeva xevsureTSi, roSkiswylis

zemo welSi arsebuli `roSkis lodebi~. sofel roSkSi

ori uzarmazari lodi mnaxvelTa gaocebas iwvevs. bunebis

am saocrebas `moxetiale lodebs~ uwodeben, romlebic

msoflioSi arsebul analogiur lodebs Soris

erT-erTia. erTi maTganis sigrZe 22 metria, sigane _

13 met ri da simaRle 10 metri.


roSkasTan axlos abudelauris sami tbaa. erTmaneTis

axlos mdebare es tbebi sxvadasxva Seferilobisaa: mwvane,

lurji da TeTri. tbebidan miwisqveSa gasasvlelebiT

gamoedineba nakadebi, romlebic mdinare abudelaurs

qmnis. aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTSi sxva tbebic

aris. xevSia zRvis donidan yvelaze maRla mdebare

arCvebis tba. mTiuleTSia zamTris kurorti gudauri,

romelsac yovelwliurad bevri qarTveli da ucxoeli

samTo turisti stumrobs.

wyaro 3. gudauri

davaleba

3. dagegme laSqroba

abudelauris tbebisa

da roSkis qvebis

sanaxavad. laSqrobis

dagegmvaSi daxmareba

SeuZlia gagiwios

Senma Tanatolma adgilobrivi

soflidan.

moZebne igi internetiT

da hkiTxe

rCeva laSqrobasTan

dakavSirebiT.

4. rogor fiqrob, ra

fizikuri monacemebia

saWiro myinvarwveris

dasapyrobad.

cxovrebis

rogor wess unda

misdevde, rom es

monacemebi gqondes?

legenda TeTr da Sav aragvze

odesRac kavkasionis umaRles mTaze

cxovrobda ori ulamazesi da, erTi _

qe ra, meore _ Savgvremani. debs sabediswerod

erTi ufliswuli SeuyvardaT, romelmac

arCevani qera daze SeaCera.

Savgvremanma es rom gaigo, dajda ufskrulis

piras, itira-itira da misi cremlebis

nagubarze warmoiSva mdinare _ Savi

aragvi, Semdeg TviTonac ufskrulSi gadaeSva.

rodesac meore dam sayvareli dis

daRupvis ambavi Seityo, TviTonac mopirdapire

mxares dajda, itira-itira da misi

cremlebis nakadidan warmoiSva mdinare _

TeTri aragvi. qera damac mdinareSi Tavi

daixrCo.

debs imdenad uyvardaT erTmaneTi, rom

uerTmaneTod ver gaZles da ori aragvic

fasanaurTan erTmaneTs uerTdeba. or

aragvs Soris gawolil mTas adgilobrivebi

ufliswuls uwodeben.

wyaro 4. TeTri da Savi aragvis SesarTavi

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTi

37

2.2

mTis istoriul-eTnografiuli mxareebi

ratom iyofa aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTi

istoriul-eTnografiul mxareebad?

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTSi ramdenime istoriul-eTnografiuli

mxarea. esenia: xevsureTi, fSavi,

TuSeTi, xevi, mTiuleTi, gudamayari da erwo-TianeTi.

garda am mxareebisa, aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTi

Sida qarTlis, qsnisa da liaxvis xeobis zemo welsac

moicavs. aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTis mxareebis nawili

kavkasionis mTavari wyalgamyofi qedis samxreTiT

mdebareobs, nawili ki CrdiloeTiT. rac Seexeba xevsureTs,

igi qedis orive mxares vrceldeba, amitom mas

piriqiTa da piraqeTa xevsureTad yofen.

wyaro 1. xevsureTis cixe-sofeli Satili

davaleba

1. daasaxele, rukis (gv. 8-9) daxmarebiT,

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTis istoriul-eTnografiuli

mxareebis geografiuli

mdebareoba da mezoblebi.

2. Seadare erTmaneTs wyaroebi 2 da 3. ra

gansxvavebaa XIX da XXI saukuneebis ruseT-saqarTvelos

sazRvars Soris: nagebobebi,

gza da sxv. scade am gansxvavebis

axsna.

wyaro 2. darialis xeoba

XIX saukuneSi: zeviT

Tamaris cixe, qveviT

rusuli cixesimagre.

darialis xeoba ruseTsa

da saqarTvelos Soris

sazRvars warmoadgens.

wyaro 3. darialis xeoba: ruseT-saqarTvelos

larsis sasazRvro-gamSvebi punqti

mTaSi arsebul istoriul-eTnografiul mxareebs

mcire teritoria ukavia da iq bevrad naklebi mosaxleoba

cxovrobs, vidre barSi. mTaSi mxareebis Camoyalibebas

mizezi aqvs. Rrma xeobebSi mcxovreb mTielebs erTmane-

Tisgan maRali mTebi yofda, rac maT Soris kavSirs ar-

Tulebda. aman sxvadasxva xeobis mosaxleobis wes-Cveulebebsa

da tradiciebSi mcire gansxvaveba gamoiwvia.


marTalia, aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTSi dasaxlebis

formebi, sameurneo yofa, yoveldRiuri cxovrebis

wesi, tradiciebi da wes-Cveulebebi erTmaneTis

msgavsia, magram yvela mxares mainc damaxasiaTebeli

niSnebi aqvs. fSavlebi gamoirCevian laRi da megobruli

xasiaTiT, zepirsityvierebis maRali doniT. ganTqmulia

satrfialo poezia da fSauri kafiaoba, rac eqspromtad,

axladmofiqrebuli leqsebis Tqmas niSnavs. xevsurebi

yovelTvis gamoirCeodnen simamaciTa da sabrZolo xelovnebis

maRali ostatobiT. isini kargi mkurnalebic

iyvnen. warsulSi iq Tavis qalis urTules operaciebs

akeTebdnen. xevsureTSi sagmiro poeziaa gavrcelebuli.

TuSebi gansakuTrebiT brZolisunarianebi arian. sxva

mTielebTan erTad maT didi roli iTamaSes baxtrionis

ajanyebaSi da kaxeTis momTabareTagan ganTavisufleba-

Si. TuSeTi saqar TveloSi mecxvareobis mTavari centria.

wyaro 4. cxvris fara TuSeTSi

CrdiloeT kavkasiaSi gadasasvleli erT-erTi mTavari

gza _ darialis xeobaSi, xevSi, mdebareobs. mTis

sxva mxareebisgan gansxvavebiT xevSi moxeveebi odiTgan

centralur xelisuflebas emorCilebodnen. iq qristianoba

adridanve gavrcelda. moxeveebis umTavresi sazrunavi

darialis karis dacva iyo. am mizniT saqarTvelos

sazRvarTan Tamar mefem cixe aago, ufro adre ki _

vaxtang gorgasalma.

mTiuleTi da gudamayari barTan yvelaze axlos mdebareobs.

es mosaxleobas saSualebas aZlevda qarTlSi

sxvadasxva wvrilmani nawarmiT evaWra. mTiulebi daxelovnebuli

iyvnen rqisa da matylis damuSavebaSi,

icodnen kanafisgan Tokis dagrexa. gudamayari cnobili

iyo muzaradebisa da mSvild-isris damuSavebiT. bar-

Tan siaxlovis gamo mTiuleTSi qristianoba adridanve

gavrcelda.

davaleba

3. ratom gansxvavdeba

Janrobrivad fSavisa

da xevsureTis

poezia erTmaneTisgan?

rogor fiqrob,

ra gavlena iqonia

am faqtze sagareo

faqtorma da geografiulma

mdebareobam?

4. ivaraude, wyaro

1-is daxmarebiT,

meurneobis romeli

dargia ganviTarebuli

xevsureTSi da

ratom?

5. gansazRvre, wyaro

4-is daxmarebiT, ra

procesia asaxuli

mocemul ilustraciaze?

6. romeli mdinarea

gamosaxuli wyaro

4-ze?


39

2.3

rwmena-warmodgenebi aRmosavleT

saqarTvelos mTianeTSi

ra roli Seasrula religiam aRmosavleT saqarTvelos

mTianeTis istoriul-eTnografiuli mxareebis istoriaSi?

davaleba


gaiyo fxovi or

nawilad? ra gavlena

iqonia am faqtze

fxovis erT nawilSi

qristianobis gavrcelebam?

2. gansazRvre, rukis


fxovis romel nawilSi

mdebareobda

fSavi?

mTis mosaxleobaSi, tradiciebisa da uZvelesi

droidan damkvidrebuli wes-Cveulebebis gamo, siaxleebi

Znelad vrceldeba. amitom, rodesac IV saukuneSi

saqarTveloSi qristianoba gavrcelda, mTielebma axali

religia ar miiRes. winaaRmdegoba momdevno saukuneebSic

grZeldeboda da mTaSi axali religiis Setana

mxolod XIII saukuneSi moxerxda. maSin fxovis samxreT

nawilSi xalxi samefos nebas daemorCila da axali religia

miiRo. mosaxleobis nawili, kavkasionis qeds gadaRma

da Znelad misasvlel adgilze, TuSeTSi gaiqca

da iq Zveli rwmena SeinarCuna. fxovis CrdiloeT nawil-

Si ki winaaRmdegoba gagrZelda da qristianoba mxolod

momdevno saukuneebSi, droTa ganmavlobaSi, gavrcelda.

XIII saukunemde fSavi da xevsureTi cal-calke ar

arsebobda. isini erTiani mxaris _ fxovis or nawilad

legenda lomisaze

mravali saukunis win mterma aragvis xeoba daar bia da 7000 aragveli

tyved waiyvana. tyveebma Tan mTiuleTis mTavari siwminde _ gzovanis wminda

giorgis xati _ waiRes. gadmocemiT, xatma mters didi ziani miayena. maT qveyanaSi

aRaraferi mravldeboda, adamianebis CaTvliT. mteri iZulebuli gaxda, tyveebi

da xati uvneblad gamoeSva saqarTveloSi. xati TeTri xaris rqebze dabrZanda

da saqarTvelosken ise wamovida. gzad, sadac ki xarma Seisvena, xalxma yvelgan

niSi aago. Sin dabrunebuli xari, erT cicabo biliks Seudga, qsnisa da aragvis

xeobaTa wyalgamyof qedamde miaRwia da iq usulod daeca. xatic iqve dafrinda.

am mTis wveridan aragvamde xalxi jaWvad gaeba da taZari aaSena. raki xars loma

erqva, salocavsac lomisas wminda giorgi uwodes. amis Semdeg tyvedyofilebi

aragvis xeobaSi gaifantnen da madlierebis niSnad wminda giorgis saxelze

saydrebi aaSenes.

wyaro 1. lomisobis dResaswauli


gayofis Semdeg warmoiqmna. mTaSi qristianobis gavrcelebis

damadasturebelia iq arsebuli eklesiebi: xevSi

gergetis sameba da sioni, mTiuleTSi xadas qoroRos

xuroTmoZRvruli kompleqsi da lomisas wminda giorgi.

aseve, TiTqmis yvela sofelSia patar-patara eklesiebis

nangrevebi.

fSavSi, xevsureTsa da TuSeTSi salocav adgils

warmoadgens ara eklesia, aramed `sakulto Zegli~, sadac

sanTlebs anTeben da RvTismsaxurebas asruleben.

`sakulto Zegls~ mTielebi jvarsa da xats uwodebdnen.

mTel saqarTveloSi es sityvebi qristianuli simboloebis

gamomxatvelia, mTaSi ki maT iseTive funqcia

aqvs, rogorc barSi eklesia-monastrebs. jvarxatebi,

ZiriTadad, patara zomis martivi nagebobebia.

mTaSi RvTisadmi da wmindanebisadmi aRsavlen locvebsa

da qmedebebs xevisberebi asrulebdnen. magram maT mier

warmoTqmuli yvela dalocva Cveulebrivi qristianuli

teqsti iyo, romelic zepiri gziT erTi xevisberidan

meores gadaecemoda. mecnierebi mTielTa aseT rwmenawarmodgenebsa

da Sesrulebul ritualebs `gaxalxurebul

qristianobas~ uwodeben. masSi SenarCunebulia Zveli

rwmena-warmodgenebi.

dResaswaulze mosaxleoba jvar-xatebs, ZiriTadad,

cxvarsa da xars swiravda. aucilebeli iyo qadebis gamocxoba.

rodesac bavSvi xatSi pirvelad mihyavdaT, monaTvlis

msgavs rituals atarebdnen. am rituals xatSi

gayvana ewodeboda. dRes mTis mosaxleobis didi umravlesoba

dResaswaulebze kvlav jvar-xatebSi dadis,

Tumca, amjerad, winaprebis pativiscemisa da tradiciis

gamo.

wyaro 3. TuSebis Sesveneba salocavisken mimaval gzaze

wyaro 2. laSaris jvari

_ gamaerTianebeli salocavia.

masze loculobs

rogorc mTis,

aseve baris mosaxleoba.

am salocavis

niSebi kaxeTSic bevria,

rac mTielebis iq

Casaxlebis erT-erTi

niSania.

davaleba

3. ram gamoiwvia xevsa

da mTiuleTSi qristianobis

farTod

gavrceleba, sxva

mxareebSi ki ara?

4. aRwere TuSebis

samosi. riT gamoir-

Ceva TuSi qalebis

iersaxe (wyaro 3)?

5. gaarkvie, romeli

religiis mimdevrebi

arian Seni Tanaklaselebi.

daadgine,

rodis aris maTi

religiuri dResaswaulebi

da gaakeTe

prezentacia Temaze:

ra gvaerTianebs

sxvadasxva religiis

warmomadgenlebs.


41

2.4

mTis mxareebis adgili

saqarTvelos saxelmwifoSi

ra funqcias asrulebda mTa saqarTvelosTvis?

davaleba

1. gaixsene baxtrionis

ajanyeba da im mTielebis

saxelebi, vinc

maSin gansakuTrebiT

gamoiCina Tavi.

2. riT gansxvavdeboda

barisa da mTis sazogadoeba?

3. aRwere wyaro 1. Seni

azriT, vin arian

suraTze gamosaxuli

adamianebi.

Zveli qarTuli saxelmwifoebi _ kolxeTis (egrisis)

da iberiis (qarTlis) samefoebi _ Zv.w. VI da IV saukuneeb-

Si Seiqmna. saxelmwifos warmoqmna sazogadoebis fenebad

dayofasac gulisxmobda. saxelmwifos saTaveSi mefe

idga. zedafenas _ Tavadebi da aznaurebi warmoadgendnen,

qvedafenas ki glexebi Seadgendnen. mosaxleobis

ZiriTadi nawili dabali fena iyo. maTi movaleoba soflis

meurneobis produqtebis warmoeba iyo. isini zedafenas

emorCilebodnen. es yvelaferi baris saqarTvelosTvis

iyo damaxasiaTebeli. mTis sazogadoebaSi fenebad

dayofa ar yofila. mTielebs batonebi (Tavadebi

da aznaurebi) ar hyoliaT. soflisa da TemisTvis saWirboroto

sakiTxebi saTemo yrilobaze da xatobis dros

ganixileboda. mTaSi Temis meTauri xevisberi iyo. igi

saero xelisuflebasac warmoadgenda da sasulierosac.

wyaro 1. xevis sasamarTlo (scena speqtaklidan

`xevisberi goCa~)

mTielebi samefo kars emorCilebodnen. maTi ZiriTadi

movaleoba qveynis sazRvrebis dacva iyo. maRali mTebis

gadalaxvas CrdiloeTiT mcxovrebi sxvadasxva tomi

xSirad cdilobda. Cvens winaprebs mteri samxreTidanac

arasdros aklda. am SemTxvevaSic, isini qveynis aqtiuri

damcvelebi iyvnen. mefis dacvis pirad amalas yovelTvis

mTielebi Seadgendnen. Tavis mxriv, qar Tveli

mefeebi barSi mimosvlis dros mTielebs garkveul

SeRavaTebs aZlevdnen. isini Tavisuflad aZovebdnen


wyaro 2. mTieli meomrebi

cxvris farebs barSi, zamTris saZovrebze. aseve, nabo-

Zebi hqondaT venaxebi kaxeTsa da qarTlSi, saidanac moweuli

Rvino mTaSi mihqondaT da, ZiriTadad, xatobadReobebze

svamdnen.

mTis mosaxleobas, baris mosaxleobasTan SedarebiT,

mefisgan meti Tavisufleba hqonda miRebuli. mTaSi mefis

samarTali ar vrceldeboda da sadavo sakiTxebs

adgilze uxucesTa sabWo arCevda. mTis dauwereli kanonebi

zneobrivi da sazogadoebrivi normebidan gamomdinareobda.

aseT kanonebs CveulebiTi samarTali

erqva. CveulebiTi samarTali damnaSavis mimarT mkacri

da samarTliani iyo. sasjelis umaRles zomas ki ara

sikvdiliT dasja, aramed Temidan gaZeveba warmoadgenda.

TuSeTSi, sofel darTloSi dRemdea SemorCenili

is adgili, sadac uxucesebi ikribebodnen da, CveulebiTi

samarTlis mixedviT, damnaSaves asamarTlebdnen.

uxucesTa sabWoSi 12 msajuli iyo. isini qvis skamebze

isxdnen da sabWos centrSi daCoqili mosarClis da

bralmdeblis sityvas ismendnen. gadmocemiT, XIX saukuneSi

darTlos sabWos gonierebiTa da samarTlianobiT

ganTqmuli qali xelmZRvanelobda.

davaleba

4. rogor fiqrob,

ras niSnavda mTielisTvis

Temidan

gaZeveba.

5. Seni azriT, ratom

mianiWa mefem gazrdili

uflebebi mTis

mosaxleobas.

6. gaixsene, ra saqmiT

iyvnen dakavebuli

qalebi mTaSi.


aRmoCnda qali

darTlos uxucesTa

sabWos xelmZRvanelad.

wyaro 3. darTlos uxucesTa sabWos Sekrebis adgili


43

2.5

dasaxlebis tipebi da ZiriTadi

sameurneo saqmianoba

ra gavlena hqonda bunebriv pirobebs dasaxlebis tipsa da

sameurneo saqmianobaze aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTaSi?

dasaxlebis tipi mTaSi

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTis yvela mxareSi

dasaxlebebi erTmaneTisgan umniSvnelod gansxvavdeboda.

yvela sofeli xeobaSi ise mdebareobda, rom vidre

adamiani axlos ar mividoda, Tvals versaidan mohkravda.

wyaro 1. nasoflari xadas xeobaSi

wyaro 2. cixe-qalaqi muco

davaleba

1. gaixsene ganvlili

gakveTilebi da

imsjele, rukis daxmarebiT

(gv. 34-35),

ratom aSenebdnen

koSkebs mTiuleTSi,

xevSi, xevsureTsa da

TuSeTSi.

2. Seni azriT, ra SeiZleboda

yofiliyo

xadas xeo baSi soflis

mitovebis mizezebi

(wyaro 1). am so fel-

Si rom gecxovra,

darCebodi iq? pasuxi

daasabuTe.

3. imsjele, ratom

aSenebdnen xevsurebi

soflebs klde ebsa

da SemaRlebul adgilebze

(wyaro 2).

xevsureTis soflebi Satili da muco, maTi cxovrebis

wesidan gamomdinare, cixesimagreebad iyo gadaqceuli. aq

TiTqmis yvela sofelSi sabrZolo koSkebia. ase rom, sofeli

TavdacvisTvis yovelTvis mzad iyo. soflis Semovla

gareT gausvlelad SeiZleboda. ZiriTadad, oTxsar-

Tuliani qviTkiris sacxovreblebi iyo, qvis fiqlebis

mSrali wyobiT an lamiTa da kiriT nagebi, miwuri baniT

gadaxuruli. pirvel sarTulze msxvilfexa saqonels

abinavebdnen, meore sarTuls cxvars uTmobdnen, Semdeg

sarTulze TviTon cxovrobdnen, meoTxe ki saomari sar-

Tuli iyo.

mTaSi arsebobda soflebis gaerTianeba, romelsac

Temi erqva. Tems erTi saerTo salocavi da xevisberi

hyavda. xSirad Temebad xeobebis mixedviT erTiandebodnen.

TiToeul mxareSi ramdenime aseTi Temi arsebobda.

soflebis ukeT dasacavad xeobis dasawyisSi an sofelSi

cixe-koSkebs aSenebdnen. marto xadas TemSi 60 koSki iyo.

mTiuleTSi koSkebis gansakuTrebul tips agebdnen. maT

zurgi mTisken aqvT miqceuli, amitom zurgian koSkebs

uwodeben. mTiuleTis koSkebSi Serwymulia TavdacviTi

da sakulto funqciebi, e.i. koSkSi salocavebic hqondaT

mowyobili.


am gziT boWornaSi

_ evropaSi yvelaze

maRla mdebare sofel-

Si movxvdebiT?

omalodan 12

kilometrSia, sworad

mivdivarT

wyaro 3. savaWro daxlebi ananuris cixesTan

wyaro 4. turistebi TuSeTSi

sameurneo saqmianoba mTaSi

mTaSi mosaxleoba miwis simciris gamo, ZiriTadad,

mesaqonleobas misdevda. TuSeTSi, xevSi, fSavsa da

mTiuleTSi wamyvani dargi iyo mecxvareoba, xevsureTsa

da Sida qarTlis mTianeTSi ki mesaqonleoba. mosaxleoba

mesaqonleobis produqtebs barSi sxvadasxva nawarmze

cvlida. xevsurebi barSi samuSaodac dadiodnen.

cnobilia TuSuri gudis yveli, romelic gansakuTrebuli

gemoTi da cximianobiT gamoirCeva. XIX saukuneSi

TuSuri yveli ruseTis bevr qalaqSic iyideboda. TuSur

matyls didi raodenobiT yidulob dnen germanuli firmebi

iranSi TavianTi xaliCebis fabrikebisTvis. TuSeTSi

ganviTarebulia qsovisa da qargvis maRali teqnika. Tu-

Suri nabadi da Teqa mTel saqarTveloSia cnobili.

XX saukunis dasawyisSi mTis mosaxleobis didi nawili

barSi gada saxlda. amave saukunis 50-ian wlebSi xelisuflebam

xevsurebi ZaliT ayara da meurneobis adgilobrivi

dargebic moispo. dRes aRmosavleT saqar-

Tvelos mTianeTi TiTqmis mTlianad daicala. iq bolo

wlebSi turizmi ganviTarda da darCenili mosaxleobis

nawili mesaqonleobis nacvlad turizmis sferoSi CaerTo.

gaix sna saojaxo sastumroebi da adgilobrivebi

stumrebs sxvadasxva momsaxurebas sTavazoben. qalebi

saojaxo xelsaqmiT dakavdnen da turistebisTvis suvenirebs

amzadeben.

davaleba

4. rogor fiqrob, ratom hqondaT mTiuleTSi koSkeb-

Si mowyobili samlocvelo adgilebi.

5. Seni azriT, ram ganapiroba is faqti, rom mTaSi mravalsarTulian

sacxovrebel koSkebs aSenebdnen.

6. gaixsene pirveli karis gakveTilebi. ra mizniT dadiodnen

xevsurebi qarTlSi?

7. imsjele, wyaroebis 3-4-is daxmarebiT, ra sargebeli

SeiZleba moutanos turizmma aRmosavleT

saqarTvelos mTis mosaxleobas.

boWorna

2014 wlamde

boWorna nasoflari iyo,

Tumca soflis statusi

mas Semdeg aRudga, rac

iq erTaderTi mudmivi

mcxovrebi gaCnda. sofeli

76 wlis eqimma irakli

xvedaguriZem gaacocxla.

soflis statusis dabrunebasTan

erTad, boWorna

evropis masStabiT zRvis

donidan yvelaze maRla

mdebare dasaxlebuli

punqti

gaxda.

davaleba

8. imsjeleT, ekuTvnis

Tu ara irakli xvedaguriZes

ìmedis gmiris~

statusi. naxeT telegadacema

masze.


45

2.6

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos

mTielTa yofa da kultura

rogori iyo aRmosavleT saqarTvelos

mTielTa yoveldRiuri cxovreba?

wyaro 1. xevsuruli

`talavari~

wyaro 2. xevsuri qalis

samosi

wyaro 3. `CiTebi~

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTSi sameurneo yofas,

yoveldRiuri cxovrebis wess, tradiciebsa da wes-

Cveulebebs damaxasiaTebeli niSnebi aqvs, romliTac es

mxare mezobel mxareebs Soris gamoirCeva.

magaliTad, Zvelad xevi didi ojaxebiT gamoirCeoda.

aseT ojaxebSi ramdenime colSviliani Zma erTad cxovrobda.

fSavlebs Soris didi pativiscemiT sargeblobda

`kai yma~, rac gamorCeul vaJkacs ewodeboda. kai ymad

iseTi vaJkaci miiCneoda, romelic xalxis samsaxurSi

iyo Camdgari da mis interesebs icavda.

xevsurebs bavSvis aRzrdis gansxvavebuli tradiciebic

hqondaT. bavSvebs iq Sromas adridanve aCvevdnen. aTi wlis

asakidan vaJebi rTulileTebian TamaSobebs iwyebdnen.

es TamaSobebi maT fizikur wvrTnas emsaxureboda. varjiSobdnen

mSvildosnobaSi, farikaobaSi, cxenosnobaSi.

aTi wlis gogonebi ukve qsovdnen. xelsaqmis paralelurad,

gogonas deda yvelanair saojaxo saqmesac aswavlida.

originaluria xevsuruli tansacmeli, jvrebisa da

sxva simboloebis gamosaxulebiT. is iSviaT nimuSs warmoadgens

kavkasiis xalxTa samoss Soris. xevsurul `talavars~

Zveli qarTuli Cacmulobis sawyis formad miiCneven.

istoriulad, TuSeTSi iseve, rogorc sxvagan

saqarTveloSi, mamakacebi CoxebiT imosebodnen, fexze

ki `CiTebs~ icvamdnen. `CiTebi~ qalebs Sorisac popularuli

iyo. xalxSi gamosasvlel CiTebs ufro Wrels

davaleba

1. gaixsene cnobili qarTveli poeti fSavidan. mis romel

leqss an poemas icnob, romelSic gadmoscems

fSavis bunebas, an xalxis romelime wes-Cveulebas?

2. ras niSnavs `kai yma~? rogor gesmis `xalxis samsaxurSi

Cadgoma da mis keTildReobaze zrunva~?

3. raze metyvelebs bavSvebis aRzrdis tradicia xevsureTSi?

SeiZleba Tu ara CavTvaloT is cxovrebis

jansaR wesad? pasuxi daasabuTe.

4. ra acviaT doRis monawileebs (wyaro 4)?

5. Seadare xevsurebis samosi aRmosavleT saqarTvelos

baris mosaxleobis samoss. ra gansxvavebaa maT

Soris?


doRi xevsureTSi

xevsureTSi doRis gamarTva, Cveulebriv,

vaJkacis mosagonrad ician. xevisberi

doRis monawileebs dalocavda

da afrTxilebda arc sakuTari Tavi daezianebinaT

da arc sxva mxedari. mxedrebi

daTqmul adgilas midiodnen da iqidan

pirvelobis maZiebeli mxed rebi cxenebs

cicabo bilikebze Tamamad miaWenebdnen.

maT Soris gamarjvebuli saCuqarsac

iRebda.

wyaro 4. doRi xevsureTSi

qsovdnen. kacebisTvis CiTi dabalyeliani iqsoveboda,

qalebisTvis _ maRalyeliani. tans ki grZeli Savi

kabiT imosavdnen. Cveulebrivi iyo iseTi aqsesuarebi,

rogoric aris vercxlis yelsabami, firfitebi,

sxvadasxva feris mZivebi.

mTaSi didi religiuri dResaswauli iyo àTengenoba~.

am dros TuSeTSi xevsur mlocvelTa ori

jgufi gadadioda TavianTi droSebiT. TuSebi maT

ludiTa da saklaviT xvdebodnen. TviTon xevsurebic

stumarmaspinZlobis mdidari tradiciebiT gamoirCeodnen.

aTengobas xevSic aRniSnavdnen.

wyaro 5. xevsuruli leqsi stumarze

`stumrebo, stumrebis mzesa, ustumrod ara lxinia.

ustumrod puri, sasmeli mwari ars, ara tkbilia~.

dRevandel msoflioSi adamianebi xSirad iCenen

eTnikur da religiur Seuwynareblobas. xevsurebi

mezobel CeCnebTan megobrobdnen. ufro metic, am

mxareSi `rjulian-urjuloTa~ ramdenime salocavi

arsebobda, anu salocavebi, romlebic muslimebsac

mfarvelobda. maT iq locva SeeZloT. magaliTad,

anatorSi salocavad misul qistebs xevsurebi gansakuTrebul

sufrasac ki uSlidnen.

davaleba

6. stumarmaspinZlobis romeli tradiciebi arsebobda

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTSi?

7. gadmoeci Seni sit yvebiT leqsi da axseni misi

Sinaarsi (wyaro 5).

8. gaixsene, sad cxovroben qistebi.

9. ras niSnavs SenTvis Semwynarebloba?

10. imsjeleT klasSi Temaze `ratom unda viyoT

Semwynareb lebi~.

xinklis momzadeba

aRmosavleT

saqarTvelos

mTianeTis yvela mxareSi

xinklis keTebaSi

ojaxis ramdenime wevri

iRebda monawileobas.

mas ara marto qalebi,

aramed kacebic axvevdnen.

amzadebdnen yvelis,

xaWos, kartofilisgulian

xinklebsac.

xaWos, dambalxaWos,

yvelisa da kartofilis

xinkals erboTi

miirTmevdnen.

leqsikoni

dambalxaWo _ mzaddeba

karaqis SedRvebis

Semdeg darCenili

dos xaWosgan. 2014

wels am kerZs kulturuli

memkvidreobis

Zeglis statusi

mieniWa.


47


dawereT werili municipalitetis saxelze, romel-

Sic CamowerT im RonisZiebebs, romlebic, Tqveni azriT,

aucilebelia imisTvis, rom aRmosavleT saqarTvelos

mTianeTis mitovebul soflebSi cxovreba aRdges (magaliTad,

gzis gayvana, vertmfrenis reisis daniSvna, skolis,

klinikis da cxovrebisTvis aucilebeli sxva dawesebulebebis

aSeneba. TviT saxlebis civi da xangrZlivi

zamTrisTvis momzadeba, turizmis ganviTareba da a.S.).

SeadareT Tqveni werilebi, SeavseT erTmaneTis ideebiT

da municipalitetSi erToblivi werili `gagzavneT~.

warmoadgineT gakveTilze Sedegebi PPT-Si prezentaciis

saxiT.

wyaro 1. mTis problemebi


wyaro 2. zafxulSi dabrunebuli mTis mosaxleoba

werilis daweramde:

1. gaixseneT, meurneobis romeli dargebia ganviTarebuli

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTis ama Tu im mxareSi.

2. moiZieT, arsebobs Tu ara kulturul-gasarTobi daniSnulebis

Senobebi aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTSi. axseniT,

es problemaa Tu ara.

3. gadawyviteT, romelia yvelaze saWirboroto problema

konkretuli mxarisTvis, risTvisac internetidan damatebiTi

informaciis moZieba dagWirdebaT.

4. imsjeleT, amis Semdeg, ras aqvs mniSvneloba nasof larebSi

mosaxleobis dasabruneblad:

a) gzis gayvana;

b) vertmfrenis reisis daniSvna;

g) skolis, klinikis da cxovrebisTvis aucilebeli sxva

dawesebulebebis aSeneba;

d) saxlebis momzadeba civi da xangrZlivi zamTrisTvis;

e) turizmis ganviTareba.

wyaro 3. mTis perspeqtivebi


49

kari 3. samcxe-javaxeTi

am karSi Seiswavli samxreT saqar

Tvelos istoriul-eTnografiul

mxareebs _ samcxes da javaxeTs.

gaecnobi gadmocemebs am

mxareebis Sesaxeb; gaigeb, Tu ratom

moixsenieba saqarTvelos es

ori mxare erTad; ra mniSvnelovani

roli Seasrules warsulSi

am mxareebma da dRes ra funqcia

akisriaT; ra gavlena aqvs geografiul

mdebareobas samcxe-javaxeTis

ekonomikur ganviTarebaze,

dasaxlebis tipebze; ra stiqiuri

movlenebia misTvis damaxasiaTebeli

da rogor SeiZleba maTgan

Tavis dacva; ra mniSvneloba aqvs

iseT tradicias, rogoric aris

tolerantoba; romeli eTnikuri,

kulturuli da religiuri jgufebis

warmomadgenlebi cxovroben

samcxe-javaxeTSi da ramdenad

mSvidobiania maTi Tanacxovreba.

g

u

! kikibo

r

qvabliani

T u

i

a

abasTumani!

r

i

zekaris uR.

2182

zanavi

! bolajuri

zarzma!

!. !

adigeni

ude !

vale!.

m

bo r j om-xa

axalc

s a m

e

r u

S

pirobiTi aRniSvnebi


mxaris centri

q

!.

!.

!

!



kurorti

gzebi

avtomagistrali

gzatkecili

rkinigza

sazRvrebi

saxelmwifos


provinciis

daculi teritoriis

hidrografia sxva aRniSvnebi

simaRliTi

mdinare

niSnuli

tba, wyalsacavi uReltexili


2

m

e

r

om-xa ragau li s

axalcixe

a m c x e

r u

!.

S e

m. wyalwiTela

2496

fersa !

T

i

s

e

T

erovn u l i

!

awyuri

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!

Zveli

!

uraveli

awyvita !

!. aspinZa

i

park i

mtkvari

xizabavra

!

xerTvisi

S i

!. borjomi

tba

! waRveri

!

T

d

cixisjvari

!

cxrawyaros uR. 2454

tabawyuri !

2850

m. Saviklde

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l

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s

q

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tabawyuris

tba

i

i

a n

e T

xozafinis tba

(karwaxi)

i

Tmogvi

!

a

m t kva ri

!

karwaxi

faravani

!

gogaSeni

v a x

sulda

!

e

j a v a x e T i

kumurdo

p l

i

m. didi abuli

!. axalqalaqi

a

s

t

o

s a r i

s a m

3301

m

o

! !

dadeSi !.

xanCalis ninowminda

tba !

didi xanCali

m. eldaRi

2495

tba

madaTafa

2442

faravnis

tba

foka !

saRamos

tba ! saRamo

x

e

T

j

a

v

a x e T

m. emliqli

i s

q e d i

i

m. okiuzdaRi 0 8km

!

3054

samcxe-javaxeTi

51

3.1

samcxe-javaxeTi – saqarTvelos

samxreTi karibWe

rogoria samcxe-javaxeTis geografiuli mdebareoba da

ratom moixsenieba is yovelTvis erTad?

samcxe da javaxeTi samxreT saqarTveloSi, mtkvris auzis

zemo welSi mdebareobs. javaxeTs, samcxesTan erTad,

xSirad erT eTnografiul erTeulad moixsenieben da

samcxe-javaxeTs uwodeben. magram rogorc istoriuli, aseve

eTnografiuli TvalsazrisiT, isini erTmaneTisgan damoukidebeli

istoriul-eTnografiuli mxareebia. maT erTad imitom

moixsenieben, rom amis istoriuli safuZveli arsebobs.

warsulSi, samcxe-javaxeTi da dRes TurqeTis SemadgenlobaSi

Semavali saqarTvelos yofili istoriul-eTnografiuli

mxareebi, zemo qarTladac iwodeboda. mogvianebiT, mTlianad

zemo qarTls samcxe-saaTabagos an mesxeTs eZaxdnen.

j i q

e b

a d

gagari

fsou

i

i R

e -

bzifi

C

e r

d

q e

a

z e

l

kodori

i

T

i

enguri

y a

b a

r

d

o

Tergi

pirobiTi aRniSvnebi

saxelmwifo sazRvari

Sida sazRvari

samefo-samTavros centri

dasaxlebuli punqti

cixesimagre

eklesia monasteri

brZolis adgili

rioni

rioni

quTaTisi

yvirila

i

l i x i s q e d

liaxvi

aragvi

oCani

xunZaxi

gremi

alazani

Tbilisi

ior i

mtkvari

artanuji

mtkvari

debeda

seva nis t b a

2019

wyaro 1. saqarTvelos daSla samefo-samTavroebad XV s. bolos

davaleba

1. rogor moixsenieboda Zvelad samcxe-javaxeTi da ratom?

2. ivaraude, ratom aRmoCnda samcxe-javaxeTis didi nawili sxva saxelmwifos xelSi.


saqarTvelos am orive mxareze yovelTvis mniSvnelovani

gzebi gadioda. samcxedan mokle gziT qarTlSi,

imereTSi, guriasa da aWaraSi moxvedra SeiZleba. javaxeTic

qarTlTan mokle gziT iyo dakavSirebuli.

g

2182

2182

!

!

!.

!.

borjomi

borjomi

zekaris uR.

zekaris uR.

tba

tba

waRveri

! ! waRveri

!

!

!

!

kikibo

! kikibo

!

!

abasTumani

abasTumani !

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dviri

!

!

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bakuriani

!

!

zanavi

fersa zanavi awyuri

fersa ! awyuri

!

cixisjvari

cixisjvari

bolajuri

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!

!

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zarzma !

! !. !

!. !

cxrawyaros uR.

cxrawyaros uR.

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adigeni

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tabawyuri !

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m. Saviklde

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tba

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s a m c x e s a m c x

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! e !. aspinZa

Zveli

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xizabavra

xizabavra

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m. samsari 3284

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awyvita ! xerTvisi

awyvita ! xerTvisi

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toloSi j a v a x e T i

! toloSi j a v a x e T i

faravn

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t

tba

m. didi abuli

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tba

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xozafinis didi xanCali

didi xanCali

tba

xozafinis tba

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!

(karwaxi)

(karwaxi)

m. eldaRi

m. eldaRi

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tba

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r

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u

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wyaro 2. ruka `samcxe-javaxeTidan mezobel istoriul-eTnografiul

mxareebTan damakavSirebeli gzebi da uReltexilebi~

davaleba

3. daasaxele, rukebis (wyaroebi 1 da 2) daxmarebiT,

samcxe-javaxeTis mezoblebi Zvelad da axla.

4. Seni azriT, ratom Seicvala samcxe-javaxeTis

sazRvrebi saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi.

5. gaarkvie, rukis daxmarebiT (wyaro 2), romeli

uReltexilis meSveobiT SeiZleba samcxedan imereTSi

gadasvla.

6. rogor fiqrob, ratom uwodeben samcxe-javaxeTs

saqarTvelos samxreT karibWes.

samcxe-javaxeTi

53

3.2

samcxe-javaxeTis kulturuli memkvidreoba

ra wvlili miuZRvis samcxe-javaxeTs

saqarTvelos istoriasa da kulturaSi?

mesxeTi _ swavlulTa

mxare

bevri cnobili swavluli

warmoSobiT

samcxidan iyo. maT

Soris SoTa rusTaveli,

mematianeebi, qar-

Tuli samarTlis Semqmnelebi.

aman poet

grigol orbelians

poemaSi `sadRegr-

Zelo~ aTqmevina:

`mesxi swavli-

Ta qebuli~.

saxelwodeba `samcxe~ momdinareobs mesxTa tomis

saxelisgan. am mxaridan aris SoTa rusTaveli (XII saukune),

romlis poema „vefxistyaosani“ qarTuli kulturis

Sedevria. samcxeSi Seiqmna Sua saukuneebis kanonTa

krebuli _ „samarTlis Zegli“. aqve, XII saukunis meore

naxevarSi, Seiqmna kldeSi nakveTi samonastro kompleqsi

varZia. igi 13 sarTulzea ganlagebuli. monastris

centrSia Tamar mefis dros gamokveTili RvTismSoblis

eklesia. mTlianad varZia 420 saTavsisagan Sedgeba. maT

Soris aris 25 marani 185 qvevriT. varZiis kompleqsi

wyliT maragdeboda mTavari eklesiis ukan siRrmeSi

arsebuli wyarodan samnaxevari kilometri wyalsadenis

meSveobiT. varZiis RvTismSoblis taZari mdidaria

freskuli mxatvrobiT. aq aris misi aRmSenebeli mefeebis

_ giorgi III-isa da Tamar mefis gamosaxulebebi.

davaleba

1. riT axsni samcxe-javaxeTSi

mravalricxovani cixe-simagreebis,

kldeSi nakveTi samalavebis,

kompleqsebis arsebobas?

2. waikiTxe grigol orbelianis

poema `sadRegrZelo~. rogor

arian moxseniebuli saqarTvelos

sxva mxareebis warmomadgenlebi.

wyaro 1. varZia

wyaro 2. vanis qvabebis

kldeSi nakveTi

samonastro kompleqsi

varZiasTan, mtkvris marjvena napirze, mdebareobs

vanis qvabebis kldeSi nakveTi samonastro kompleqsi.

monastris centrSi wmida giorgis eklesiaa, romelic

qvab-senakebis ZiriTad nawilTan erTad IX-XI saukuneeb-

Si gamokveTes. iq 200-mde qvabulia: senakebi, saZvale,

sameurneo saTavsebi, gvirabebi, rva mara ni, kldeSi nakveTi

sawnaxeli. vanis qvabebSi monazon qalebs kldeze

„vefxistyaosnis“ ori strofi aqvT miwerili.

samcxe-javaxeTSi bevri eklesia-monasteria: wunda,

safara, zarzma, Wule, kumurdo. rogorc saqarTvelos

ganapira mxare, igi mtris Semosevisgan daculi unda yofiliyo,

amitom iq mravali cixea: xerTvisis, awyuris,

Tmogvis, axalqalaqis. aseve, TiTqmis yvela sofelTan

iyo kldeSi gamoWrili samalavebi, romlebic Serwymulia

reliefTan.


samcxe-javaxeTis centrs axalcixe warmoadgens. ramdenime

saukunis ganmavlobaSi igi osmaleTis imperias hqonda

dapyrobili. amitom qalaqis centrSi, romelsac „rabaTs“

uwodeben, qristianul wmida marines eklesiasTan erTad,

XVIII saukunis Sua xanebSi agebuli muslimTa salocavi _ me-

CeTic aris. rabaTi uamravi Semosevis Semdeg Zalian dazianda.

misi restavracia 2011 wels Catarda. aRdgenili rabaTis

sanaxavad yoveldRiurad uamravi turisti dadis.

davaleba

wyaro 3. rabaTis cixe axalcixeSi

legenda xerTvisis cixeze

Tamar mefem or kalatozs ori koSkis aSeneba

ubrZana. erTi iyo ostati da meore misi Segirdi.

ostats unda aeSenebina aRmosavleTis koSki, xolo

Segirds _ dasavleTis. mefe uxv jildos dapirda

imas, vinc ufro koxta da lamaz koSks aagebda. ostati

da Segirdi saqmes gulmodgined Seudgnen. muSaobis

damTavrebamde xalxma yayani daiwyo: Segirdis

naSeni sjobia ostatisaso. marTlac, Tamars Segirdis

koSki ufro moewona da windawinve xelosani uxvad

daajildova. ostati saSinlad gabrazda, ixelTa dro

da Tavis Segirds kibe swored maSin gamoacala, rodesac

igi koSkis Tavs asrulebda. ra eqna Segirds? raki

ukibod Zirs veRar Camovidoda, adga da oriode dar-

Cenili ficrisgan frTebi gaikeTa. culi welSi gair-

Wo da javaxeTis mtkvris marjvena napirze gafrinda.

magram Zirs ise uxerxulad daeSva, rom culiT daiWra

da gardaicvala. am adgils xerTviselebi axlac

msxverplis adgils eZaxian.

wyaro 4.

xerTvisis

cixe

3. axseni rabaTSi qristianuli

eklesiisa da

muslimuri meCeTis

erTmaneTis gverdiT

arseboba.

4. Seafase ostatis saqcieli

xerTvisis cixeze

legendaSi.

5. gaixene, imereTis romeli

Zeglis restavraciam

gamoiwvia misi

iuneskos kulturuli

memkvidreobis Zegl-

Ta siidan amoReba da

ratom. ra aris saWiro,

rom Zegls pirvandeli

saxe SeunarCundes?

6. rukis daxmarebiT

(gv. 50-51), Seadgine

turistuli mar Sruti

samcxe-javaxeTSi, zed

daitane kulturisa da

bunebis Zeglebi, romelTa

naxvas turistebs

samcxe-javaxeTSi

urCev.

7. moiZie damatebiTi

informacia (wignebi,

interneti) samcxejavaxeTis

nebismier

Zeglze da moifiqre

reklama, romliTac

am Zeglis naxviT turistebs

daaintereseb.

gaakeTe Sesabamisi

plakati. moawyeT Semajamebel

gakveTilze,

klasSi, saukeTeso

reklamebis/plakatebis

gamofena.

samcxe-javaxeTi

55

3.3

samcxe-javaxeTis mosaxleobis mravalferovneba

ratom SeiZleba vuwodoT samcxe-javaxeTs

mravalerovani da mravalreligiuri?

davaleba

1. Seni azriT, ras

gulisxmobs qveynis

cxovrebaSi aqtiurad

CarTva.

2. imsjeleT klasSi,

ratom aris saWiro

saxelmwifo, anu qar-

Tuli enis codna.

3. rogor SegiZlia daaintereso

Seni somexi

Tanatolebi javaxeTSi,

an azerbaijanelebi

Sida qarTl-

Si qarTuli enis

kargad SeswavliT?

miswere maT werili,

romelSic Camower

mizezebs, Tu ratom

sWirdebaT maT saxelmwifo

enis codna

da riT SeZleb daxmarebas

am sakiTxSi.

4. daamyareT erTmaneTTan

kontaqti

socia luri qselis

daxmarebiT. javaxeTelebma,

Sida

qarTlma miwereT

danarCeni saqarTvelos

Tqvens Tanatolebs,

ra problemebi

gawuxebT, ra migaCniaT

maTi gadaWris

gzebad.

Tanamedrove samcxe-javaxeTi eTnikuri da religiuri

TvalsazrisiT mravalferovania. istoriulad iq qar-

Tvelebi cxovrobdnen, magram XVI saukunis bolosTvis,

osmaleTis imperiis SemadgenlobaSi moqcevis Semdeg,

qristian qarTvelebs Soris TandaTan islamis gavrceleba

daiwyo. jer Tavadaznauroba gamuslimda, Semdeg ki _

glexoba. isla mis miReba, ZiriTadad, XVIII saukunis Suaxanebidan

daiwyo.

qristian mosaxleobas muslimebze TiTqmis samjer

meti gadasaxadi ekisreboda. qarTvelebs misi gadaxda

uWirdaT da islamis miRebas aiZulebda. religiasTan

erTad, Turquli enac gavrcelda. ruseT-TurqeTis

1828-1829 wlebis omis Sedegad samcxe-javaxeTi danar-

Cen saqarTvelos daubrunda, magram qarTveli muslimebis

didi nawili osmaleTSi gadasaxlda. maTgan gansakuTrebiT

javaxeTi daicala. nasoflarebSi ruseTis

imperiam, vaWroba-xelosnobis ganviTarebis imediT, osmaleTidan

am sferoebSi gawafuli somxebi gadmoasaxla.

somxebi qalaq axalcixeSic daasaxles.

wyaro 1. javaxeTeli somxebis ojaxi

dRes javaxeTSi mcxovreb somxebs SesaZlebloba aqvT

iswavlon somxur enaze, hqondeT somxurenovani radio,

televizia, presa. magram qveynis cxovrebaSi ufro aqtiurad

CarTvisTvis saqarTvelos yvela moqalaqes saxelmwifo,

anu qarTuli enis codna sWirdeba. Tanamedrove

saqarTveloSi amisTvis specialuri programebia

SemuSavebuli da sxvadasxva warmoSobis sul ufro meti

moqalaqe saxelmwifo enas swavlobs, rac sazogadoebaSi

ukeT integrirebis SesaZleblobas aZlevs.


mravalreligiuri samcxe-javaxeTi

somxebma samcxe-javaxeTSi qristianobis TavianTi mimdinareoba

Caitanes. maT Soris kaTolike somxebic iyvnen.

samcxe-javaxeTSi kaTolikoba qarTvelebs Sorisac

iyo gavrcelebuli da dResac asea. kaTolikobis miRebiT

qarTvelebma da somxebma islams Tavi daaRwies da qristianoba

SeinarCunes. osmaleTis imperiaSi kaTolikuri

qristianoba naklebad idevneboda, vidre marTlmadidebluri.

ruseTis SemadgenlobaSi yofnisas, xelisufleba

mosaxleobis aRwerisas muslim qarTvelebs xan TaTrebad,

xan ki Turqebad werda.

wyaro 2. sofel udes

kaTolikuri eklesia.

masze gakeTebulia warwera,

rom udeSi cxovrobs

am say dris amSenebeli 2120

suli kaTolike da 520 suli

muslimi, „oriv tomiT qar-

Tvelni...~. es warwera er-

Tiani qarTveli eris ideas

gamoxatavs rogorc kaTolikeebSi,

aseve muslimebSi.

kaTolikur sarwmunoebaze gadasul qarTvelebs, evropelebisgan

miRebuli axali rwmenis gamo, danarCenma

qar Tvelebma `frangebi~ Searqves. Tumca sarwmunoebis

garda maT frangebTan saerTo araferi hqondaT. kaTolikeebic

mniSvnelovan zewolas ganicdidnen osmalebisgan.

amitom maTi nawili quTaisSi, gorsa da TbilisSi

gadasaxlda.

javaxeTSi, ruseTis imperiis xelSewyobiT, XIX saukuneSi

gadasaxldnen duxoborebi da malaknebi. isini warmoSobiT

da eniT rusebi arian, Tumca, marTlmadideblobisgan

gansxvavebul qristianul rwmenas miekuTvnebian.

am rwme nis mimdevrebi aseve gamoirCevian CacmulobiT

da tradiciebiT. ruseTis xelisuflebam gansxvavebuli

rwme nis gamo isini dasaja da centraluri ruseTis soflebidan

dapyrobil miwaze, saqarTveloSi, gadaasaxla.

XIX saukuneSi xelisuflebam javaxeTis im nawils, sadac

rusi duxoborebi dasaxldnen, `duxoboria~ Searqva.

davaleba

5. rogori iyo samcxe-javaxeTis mosaxleobis Semadgenloba

XVI saukunemde?

6. ra cvlileba moxda samcxe-javaxeTis mosaxleobis

SemadgenlobaSi osmalebis batonobis dros da ruseT-TurqeTis

omebis Semdeg?

7. imsjele wyaro 2-ze. rogor gesmis sityvebi òriv

tomiT qarTvelni~?

wyaro 3. duxoborebi

javaxeTSi

samcxe-javaxeTi

57

3.4

meurneobis dargebi samcxe-javaxeTSi

ra sameurneo saqmianobaa gavrcelebuli samcxe-javaxeTSi?

davaleba

1. rogor fiqrob,

ratom akeTebdnen

samcxeSi terasebs.

2. rogor afasebs

prokofi kesarieli

mesxebs (wyaro 2a)?

3. meurneobis romeli

dargebi iyo ganvi-

Tarebuli samcxeSi

prokofi kesarielisa

da Jan Sardenis

sit yvebidan gamomdinare

(wyaro 2 a

da b)?

4. samcxis mosaxleobis

romel xasiaTze

met yvelebs Jan Sardenis

daxasiaTeba

(wyaro 2 b)?

mosaxleobis ZiriTadi sameurneo saqmianoba samcxeSi

miuxedavad imisa, rom samcxe-javaxeTi istoriulad

erT mxared moixsenieba, maTi sameurneo saqmianoba erTmaneTisgan

Zalian gansxvavdeba. samcxe ganviTarebuli miwaTmoqmedebis

mxares warmoadgenda. zogan wamyvani iyo

memindvreoba, zogan mesaqonleoba, an mexileoba da mevenaxeoba.

ZvelTaganve samcxis soflis meurneobaSi gavrcelebuli

iyo terasebis mowyobis tradicia. samcxeSi

terasebi, ZiriTadad, mdinare mtkvris zemo welSia ga-

Senebuli. aq mdinaris kalapoti viwroa da saxnav-saTesi

miwa mcire. miwis simciris gamo mosaxleobam ferdobebi

gaaswora, erTi mxare qvis kedlebiT amoaSena da miwa ise

moaswora, rom venaxisa da baRis gasaSeneblad vake adgili

Seeqmna. samcxeSi cnobilia sofel xizabavris terasebi.

isini simaRleSi zogan 30-40 sarTulsac aRwevs.

wyaro 1. sofel xizabavris terasebi

terasebze samcxel glexebs, ZiriTadad, venaxi da ba-

Rebi hqondaT gaSenebuli. mevenaxeoba samcxis soflis

meurneobis erT-erTi uZvelesi dargia. osmalebis mier

saqarTvelos dapyrobisa da islamis gavrcelebis Sedegad

mevenaxeoba dakninda.

wyaro 2. ucxoeli istorikosi da mogzauri sameurneo saqmianobaze samcxeSi

a) VI saukunis bizantieli istorikosi prokofi kesarieli: „mesxeTis mTebi savsea

yvelanairi sikeTiT, radganac mesxebic marjve miwis muSebi arian da aq venaxebic

aris~.

b) XVII saukunis frangi vaWari da mogzauri Jan Sardeni: `soflebSi rTveli iyo...

uxvad gvaZlevdnen qaTmebs, kvercxs, bostneuls. Rvino, puri da xili blomad gvqonda,

radgan TiToeul mosaxles Taviswilad didi doqiT Rvino, erTi kalaTa xili da

erTi kalaTa puri mohqonda. Cemgan fuls ar iRebdnen“.


samcxe mdidari iyo vaSlis, msxlis, qliavis, WanWuris,

alublis, TuTis jiSebiT. XVIII saukunis meore naxevarSi

samcxis mosaxleobas TbilisSi tivebiT, xe-tyes-

Tan erTad, didi raodenobiT xili Cahqonda. TuTisgan

tylapi mzaddeboda. am nugbars samcxeSi dResac akeTeben.

saqarTveloSi cnobilia samcxis TuTis arayic.

rogor mzaddeba tylapi

tylapis dasamzadeblad mwife TuTis

nayofs didxans aduReben, mogvianebiT, duRilis

dros, xorblis fqvils Seureven da wvens

asqeleben. gasqelebul wvens sufTa naWerze asxamen

da mis zedapirze Tanabrad gadaasworeben. naWrebze

dasxmul wvens mzeze fenen gasaSrobad da gasaxmobad.

ramdenime dReSi tylapi kargad Sreba da

naWers ewebeba. gamomSral tylapian naWers zurgis

mxridan svel tilos usvamen da tylaps naWridan

frTxilad aZroben. naWridan amZvral tylaps mzeze

kidev ramdenime dRe gafenen. igi sabolood gamoSreba

da tylapi mzadaa.

wyaro 3. tylapis

damzadeba

warsulSi memindvreoba samcxis meurneobis erTerTi

ZiriTadi da wamyvani dargi iyo. mohyavdaT ramdenime

jiSis marcvleuli. upiratesobiT sargeblobda

dolis puri da dika, aseve qeri da fetvi. samcxeSi xorbali

rogorc gazafxulze, aseve Semodgomaze iTeseboda.

mesaqonleobis ganviTarebis maCvenebelia mTis sa-

Zovrebze mravlad SemorCenili saqonlis Ria sadgomebi.

sam cxeSi mTa da bari erTmaneTis siaxloves aris. sazafxulo

saZovrebi _ mTis ialaRebi baris soflebidan

mxolod Svidi-aTi kilometriT aris daSorebuli, rac

meurneobis am dargis ganviTarebis xelSemwyobi iyo.

wyaro 4. saqonlis dasabinavebeli droebiTi sadgomi _

qarvas la (xalxami). umetesad, msgavs sadgomebs gzebis

siaxloves aSenebdnen.

davaleba

5. Seni azriT, tylapis

garda, xilisgan

kidev ris gakeTeba

SeiZleba?

6. romeli produqtebis

warmoebas SesTavazebdi

samcxes?

7. moiZie informacia,

saidan gaCnda samcxeSi

lokokinisgan

kerZis momzadebis

wesi da aris Tu ara

es kerZi gavrcelebuli

sxva mxareeb-

Sic.

samcxe-javaxeTi

59

samcxe-javaxuri

samzareulo

saerTo qarTul

kerZebTan erTad,

samcxe-javaxeTis

samzareulos sakuTari

kerZebic aqvs. maT

Soris gansakuTrebiT

popularulia mesxuri

qada, baqmazi (TuTis

gadaduRebuli wveni),

TaTarberaqi (wvrilad

daWrili moxarSuli

comis naWrebi moSuSul

xaxvTan erTad) da,

gansa kuTrebiT,

apoxti. es ukanaskneli

zamTris dadgomamde

dakluli saqonlis

damarilebuli da

gamxmari xorcia.

mis gan apoxtis xinkals

amzadeben.

davaleba

8. ratom sWirdeba

miwaTmoqmedebas

mesaqonleoba? ra

sargebels iRebs

misgan?

9. moifiqre proeqti,

samcxeSi sasoflosameurneo

produqtebis

gadasamuSavebeli

romelime

sawarmos Seqmnaze.

saukeTeso proeqtebi

gamoaqveyneT

kedlis gazeTSi.

SesTavazeT Tqveni

proeqtebi samcxelebs.

Tanamedrove samcxeSi terasebis kultura moiSala.

Zveli xexilis bevri saxeoba TiTqmis gaqra. javaxeTSi

Zveli qarTuli xorblis jiSebis nacvlad, sxva qveynebidan

Semotanili saxeobebi gavrcelda. iqve memindvreoba

mTli anad Caanacvla kartofilis kulturam.

bolo 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi samcxeSi swrafad izrdeba

turistebis raodenoba. garda sayovelTaod cnobili

istoriuli da kulturuli Zeglebisa (varZia, xerTvisi,

zarzma, safara, Wule), maT interess aRdgenili rabaTis

cixis kompleqsic iwvevs. turizmis ganviTarebam

vaWrobisa da momsaxurebis sfero gamoacocxla. gaixsna

ramdenime aTeuli saojaxo sastumro, sadac turistebs

adgilobriv kerZebs sTavazoben.

sameurneo saqmianoba javaxeTSi winaT da axla

javaxeTi mTiani mxarea, amitom meurneobac iq

mTisTvis damaxasiaTebeli iyo. igi uvenaxo da utyeoa.

javaxeTis zegani zRvis donidan Zalian maRla, 1600-1800

metrze mdebareobs, rac meurneobis zogierTi dargis

ganviTarebas uwyobda xels. javaxeTis zeganis kidesTan

axlos mdebare soflebma meurneobis gansxvavebuli sistema

Seqmnes _ maT baRebi da venaxebi mdinare mtkvrisa

da faravnis xeobebSi hqondaT. zafxulobiT ojaxis

ramdenime wevri xexilis baRebs uvlida da iqve cxovrobda.

msgavsi tradiciis gamo ojaxi, faqtobrivad, or

adgilze cxovrobda. Sesabamisad, javaxeTis es soflebi

ekonomikurad ufro Zlieri da kulturulad dawinaurebuli

iyo.

wyaro 5. javaxeTis zeganis ukiduresi napiri (sofeli

gogaSeni) da mdinare mtkvris xeoba


javaxeTSi, samcxis msgavsad, meurneobis wamyvani dargebi

mesaqonleoba da memindvreoba iyo. miwis ori mesamedi

muSavdeboda, danarCeni saZovari iyo. saqarTveloSi gavrcelebuli

Tqmulebis mixedviT, javaxeTs saqarTvelos

beRels uwodebdnen. Sua saukuneebSi javaxeTSi TiTqmis

Tanabari raodenobiT iTeseboda qeri da xorbali. marcvleulis

Sesanax adgils xaro erqva. xaros, ZiriTadad,

saxl-karis farglebSi akeTebdnen, zogjer saxlis SigniT,

sabZelSic. xaro iyo kvercxis formis moyvanilobis

didi da Rrma ormo, romelsac kedlebi qviTkiriT

hqonda amoSenebuli. samxreT saqarTveloSi yvelaze

didi zomis xaroebi javaxeTSi iyo. es ki imaze miuTi-

Tebs, rom saqarTveloSi memindvreoba yvelaze metad

javaxeTSi iyo ganviTarebuli. qarTvelebma marcvleulis

xaroebSi/ormoebSi Senaxva rom uZvelesi droidan

icodnen, amas xalxuri leqsic (`Citi da fetvi~) adasturebs:

òrmoSi fetvi Cavyare Sesanaxadao“.

wyaro 6. qarTuli

xal xuri leqsi memindvreobaze

javaxeTSi

„me javaxeTs ra miSavda,

mTvare iyo mzesaviTa.

kalmaxi da qeris puri

win meyara bzesaviTa“.

wyaro 7. javaxuri ojaxi. XIX saukunis meore naxevari

davaleba

10. meurneobis romeli

dargebis ganviTarebaze

metyvelebs

qarTuli xalxuri

leqsi (wyaro 6)?

11. aRwere wyaro 7.

ramdeni Taoba Cans

suraTze? ramdensuliani

ojaxia?

riT gansxvavdeba

an hgavs bavSvebis

da ufrosebis

Cacmuloba? ra

metyvelebs ojaxis

ufrosisadmi pativiscemaze?

riT

gansxvavdeba XIX

saukunis javaxuri

ojaxi Tanamedrove

ojaxisgan (gv. 56)?

samcxe-javaxeTi

61

javaxebs, sxva saqonelTan erTad, didi raodenobiT

hyavdaT cxvari. saTib-saZovrebis simravle meurneobis

am dargis ganviTarebis saSualebas iZleoda.

samcxe-javaxeTSi seli umniSvnelovanesi marcvleuli

kultura iyo. aq misgan, ZiriTadad, zeTs xdidnen.

selis moyvana da gadamuSaveba Zalian Sromatevadi da

rTuli saqmea. Tavdapirvelad, selis marcvals xalavdnen,

Semdeg ki mZime qvis borbals kameCebi atrialebdnen,

wnexavdnen da zeTs adendnen.

wyaro 8.

zeTis

gamosaxdeli

xelsawyo _

gelazi

davaleba

12. CamoTvale, risTvis

iyenebdnen winaT

selis zeTs saqar-

TveloSi?

13. rogor fiqrob, ram

gamoiwvia javaxeTSi

selis kulturis

gaqroba?

14. ganixile, ram Caanacvla

selis moxmareba

Tanamedrove

javaxeTSi.

javaxeTSi iseve, rogorc aRmosavleT saqarTvelos

sxva istoriul-eTnografiul mxareebSi, selis zeTiT

mkurnalobdnen kameCs da xar-Zroxas. mis wausmelad es

cxovelebi ver Zlebdnen, radgan tkipebi kbendnen. munis

Seyris SemTxvevaSi selis zeTi erTaderTi wamali iyo.

seli gamoiyeneboda agreTve tyavis dasamuSaveblad da

saRebavebis dasamzadeblad. Raribi xalxis mTavari sakvebic

xSirad seli iyo. im dros gasanaTebladac selis

zeTs iyenebdnen, radgan sxva saSualebebi ar arsebobda.

marxvis dReebSi ki monastrebi, mTeli mosaxleoba zeTis

momxmarebeli iyo. imdroindeli mTavari savaWro transporti

_ aqlemebi soflis meurneobis am produqts

didi raodenobiT moiTxovda. javaxeTidan da samcxidan

selis zeTi sxvaganac gahqondaT. samcxe-javaxeTSi

50-ze meti zeTsaxdeli iyo.

davaleba

15. daxaze rveulSi da Seavse cxrili: ram Caanacvla selis

moxmareba Tanamedrove javaxeTSi?

selis moxmarebis mizani winaT Canacvlebuli saSualebebi

wamali

malamoebi

gasanaTebeli saSualeba ...


Tanamedrove javaxeTis meurneobis dargebi

dRes javaxeTSi adgilobrivi mosaxleobis ZiriTadi

saqmianoba kvlav soflis meurneobaa, mxaris wamyvani

dargebi ki _ memindvreoba da mekartofileoba. marcvleulidan

ZiriTadad xorbals Tesaven, mcire raodenobiT

qers, xolo fetvis da selis kultura gaqra.

kartofili saqarTveloSi XIX saukunis dasawyisSi gavrcelda

da mas Semdeg yvelaze didi raodenobiT samcxejavaxeTSi

mohyavT. aqauri Savi miwa am kulturisTvis

idealuri aRmoCnda. javaxeTSi moipoveba bunebrivi wia-

Riseuli _ pemza. igi kargi samSeneblo masalaa. javaxeT-

Si bevrgan gvxvdeba misi sabadoebi, sadac adgilobrivi

mosaxleoba aris dasaqmebuli.

kartofili

saqarTveloSi

kartofili amerikuli

warmoSobisaa.

saqarTveloSi igi

evropidan germanelma

kolonistebma XIX

saukunis dasawyisSi

Semoitanes. amis Semdeg

mekartofileoba

soflis meurneobis

erT-erT wamyvan

dargad iqca.

wyaro 9. kartofilis daTesva

javaxeTis meurneobaSi mniSvnelovani adgili ekava

mefutkreobas. XVI saukunis bolos samcxe-javaxeTSi

bevri ska iyo, saidanac yovelwliurad saSualod 600-

700 aTas kilogram Tafls iRebdnen.

davaleba

16. meurneobis romeli dargebia ganviTarebuli Tanamedrove

javaxeTSi?

17. gaixsene me-5 klasis saxelmZRvanelodan „Cveni

saqar Tvelo“, ra sameurneo-ekonomikuri kavSiri

hqonda samcxe-javaxeTs qarTlTan da ratom?

18. moawyeT kartofilis kerZebis dRe. amisaTvis:

a) gae caniT winaswar internetSi an hkiTxeT ojaxis

wevrebs, Tu ra kerZebis momzadeba SeiZleba;

b) CaatareT skolaSi konkursi; g) moamzadeT

TqvenTvis yvelaze sasurveli kerZebi da megobrebs

gaumaspinZldiT. specialuri Jiuri yvela gemriel

kerZs gamoyofs da sertifikatiT daajildovebs.

samcxe-javaxeTi

63

3.5

sacxovrebeli saxlebi samcxe-javaxeTSi

rogor sacxovrebel saxlebSi cxovrobdnen samcxe-javaxeTSi?

leqsikoni

erdo _ saxlis banis

datanebuli xvreli,

saidanac haeri Sedioda

da kvamli

gamodioda.

karapani _ saxlis win

(SesasvlelSi) midgmuli

farduli.

darani _ miwisqveSa an

kldeSi nakveTi gvirabebisa

da oTaxebis

sistema.

samcxe-javaxeTSi, umetesad, gavrcelebuli iyo orgvari

sacxovrebeli saxli. arsebobda baniani saxli

da erdo-gvirgviniani darbazi. samcxur darbazs, qar-

TlSi gavrcelebuli darbazis msgavsad, gvirgviniseburi

gadaxurva hqonda. aseT saxlebSi, ZiriTadad,

didi ojaxebi cxovrobdnen. samcxuri darbazi daxSuli

sacxovrebeli iyo. saxlSi Sesvla mxolod mis win arsebuli

aivniseburi karapanidan SeiZleboda da misi yvela

oTax-saTavsi garesamyaros mxolod am erTi Sesa svleliT

ukavSirdeboda. mesxuri darbazis gvirgvi nisebur gadaxurvas,

aseTi formis gamo, samcxeSi zogjer „mercxlis

budes“ uwodeben. yvela saxls sxvadasxva simaRlis mravalwaxnagovani

gvirgvinebi hqonda.zogierTi darbazis

gvirgvini 18-20 safexurs aRwevda.

wyaro 1. mesxuri darbazi

saqarTveloSi mteri samxreTidan pirvelad samcxejavaxeTSi

Sedioda. amitom saxlebi ise Sendeboda,

rom dampyroblebisTvis TvalSi sacemi ar yofiliyo.

amgvar sofelSi moxvedrili adamiani Znelad erkveoda,

sofelSi iyo Tu dausaxlebel punqtSi, radgan saxlebi

ar Canda. soflebi, ZiriTadad ferdob adgilebze,

samxreTis mzisgulze iyo gaSenebuli. saxlebi erTmane-

Tis gverdiT, naxevrad miwaSi iyo Cadgmuli. ukana kedeli

yovelTvis mTlianad miwaSi iyo moTavsebuli iseve,

rogorc gverdiTi kedlebi. sofeli Tu ferdobze iyo

Sefenili, baniani saxlebi ise iyo agebuli, rom erTi


wyaro 2. baniani saxlebi

saxlis saxuravi meore saxlis Tvis ezos _ banis funqcias

asrulebda. mesxuri soflisTvis damaxasiaTebeli

iyo eklesia, moedani, soflis wyaro da sasaflao. erdoian-gvirgviniani

saxlis saerTo WerqveS, erTmaneTis

gverdze, gaerTianebuli iyo miwuri baniT momTavrebuli

sxvadasxva daniSnulebis erdoiani saTavsebi. es iyo:

beReli, rZis produqtebis dasamuSavebli da Sesanaxi

saTavsi, sasoflo-sameurneo inventaris Sesanaxi adgili,

sakuWnao, boseli da centraluri Senoba darbazSi.

darbazis gverdiT moTavsebuli hqondaT pursacxobi

Rumeli, xolo boslis gverdiT _ sabZeli.

mesxur sofelSi sxvadasxva ubnis saxlebi erTmaneT-

Tan saidumlo gvirabebiT iyo dakavSirebuli. moulodneli

Tavdasxmis dros erTi ubnis mosaxleoba saidumlo

kariT erTmaneTTan gadadioda. miwaSi moTavsebuli saxlisTvis

SemTxveviT mters rom miegno, ojaxs saidumlo

gvirabiT SeumCnevlad mezoblis saxlSi gadasvla See-

Zlo. aseTi gvirabebiT iyo erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli

soflis ubnebic. maTi daxmarebiT aseve SesaZlebeli

iyo miwisqveSa daranebSi Tavis Sefareba.

darbazis dedaboZze gamosaxuli hqondaT mTvare

da mze. samcxelebma da javaxebma, saukunovani didi

gansacdelis miuxedavad, molxenac saTanadod icodnen.

isini xSirad swored darbazebSi purobis dros mRerodnen

da cekvavdnen. simReris didma siyvarulma Seaqmnevina

maT darbazSi qoTnebiani gvirgvini, romelic xalxur

simRerebs eqo- moZaxilis fons uqmnida.

davaleba

1. axseni, gakveTilis

teqstisa da wyaro

2-is daxmarebiT,

ratom aSenebdnen

banian saxlebs samcxe-javaxeTSi?

2. gaixsene, kidev sad

aSenebdnen banian saxlebs.

ra msgavseba

da gansxvavebaa maT

Soris?

3. ra gavlena moaxdina

samcxe-javaxeTis istoriam

sacxovrisis

tipebze?

4. rogor iyo dakavSirebuli

sacxovrisebi

bunebriv

garemosTan,

landSaftTan?

5. moawyeT eqskursia

eTnografiul muzeumSi.

SeadareT

mesxuri da qarTluri

darbazebi.

samcxe-javaxeTi

65

3.6

TavSesafrebi da cixesimagreebi

samcxe-javaxeTSi

rogor icavdnen Tavs mtris Semosevis dros samcxe-javaxeTSi?

Salva

axalcixeli

mesxebi gamorCeuli

mebrZolebi iyvnen.

isini qarTul jarSi

wina xazze ibrZodnen.

mewinave laSqris

gamorCeuli meTauri

iyo Salva axalcixeli,

romelic Tamar mefis

epoqaSi moRvaweobda.

gansakuTrebuli gmirobisTvis

xalxma mas

miuZRvna simRera `Savlego~,

romelsac dResac

mRerian. qarTulma

eklesiam igi wmindanad

aRiara. misi xsenebis

dRes ki àxalcixobas~

aRniSnaven.

`Savleg, Seni Savi Coxa,

Savlego,

sisxlSi gagixamebia,

Savlego~.

samcxe-javaxeTi saqarTvelos ukidures samxreT

nawilSi mdebareobs. mteri saqarTvelos, umetesad,

swored am mxridan utevda. amitom adgilobrivi mosaxleoba

yovelTvis mzad iyo Tavis dasacavad. Tavis

gadasarCenad adgi lobrivebi sxvadasxva saSualebas

mimarTavdnen. danarCeni saqarTvelos msgavsad, aqac

uamravi cixesimagre da sayaraulo koSki iyo aSenebuli.

maT Soris, gamorCeulia xerTvisis, oqros cixe, axalqalaqis,

aspinZis, axalcixisa da Tmogvis cixeebi.

wyaro 1. Tmogvis cixe

davaleba

1. moismineT, musikis

gakveTilze xalxuri

simRera `Savlego~.

gaarCieT misi teqsti.

wyaro 2. oqros cixe


samcxesa da javaxeTSi mravali miwisqveSa da kldeSi

nakveTi samalavi _ darani _ iyo. amoyvanil kedlebze

grZel qvebs awyobdnen, razedac zemodan miwas ayridnen.

aseTi nageboba garkveuli drois Semdeg SeumCneveli

xdeboda, radgan daranze dayril miwaze balaxi amodioda.

Sig mowyobili hqondaT samlocvelo, puris sacxobi

furne. daranebi soflis sididis mixedviT keTdeboda.

mozrdili soflebis daranebSi 150-200 kaci eteoda.

Sesasvlelis garda, darans wyalze gasasvlelic hqonda.

maT mSeneblobas garemoc xels uwyobda. daranebi,

ZiriTadad, iseT soflebSia gakeTebuli, sadac cixesimagreebi

da Tavdacvis sxva saSualebebi ar iyo.

legenda daranebis Sesaxeb

xalxuri gadmocemis mixedviT, warsulSi javaxeTs

osmalebi Seesivnen. mterma erT-erT sofels

alya Semoartya da mosaxleobam gaqceva ver moaswro.

rodesac osmalebi sofelSi Sevidnen, vercerTi

adamiani ver ipo ves. saintereso is iyo, rom zogierT

saxlSi kera jer kidev enTo da sufraze vaxSami

iyo gaSlili. gakvirvebulma osmalebma verafriT

daadgines, sad unda wasuliyvnen qarTvelebi da bolos

xelmocarulebi sofels gaecalnen.

wyaro 3. daranis

Sesasvleli kari

samcxeSi arsebobda mtrisgan Tavdacvis kidev erTi

saSualeba. iq, sadac soflis Soriax los kldeebi iyo,

mosaxleobas am kldeSi oTaxebi hqonda gamoWrili da

mtris Semosevis dros iq imaleboda. aseT xelovnur gamoqvabulebs

saxizarebi ewodeboda. isini ise iyo agebuli,

rom garedan mters advilad ver SeemCnia.

meoce saukunidan moyolebuli, samcxe-javaxeTSi

darbevebi da Semosevebi Sewyda, amitom yvelanairma

Tavdacvis saSualebam azri dakarga. dRes daranebis

umetesoba Cangreulia, xolo rac gadarCa mxolod turistul

sanaxaobas warmoadgens.

Tamar mefe mesxur legendebSi

legendis Tanaxmad, Tamar mefe varZiaSi imyofeboda.

moulodnelad misi cxeni gauCinarda. rodesac mefem

sayvareli cxenis ambavi ikiTxa, msaxurma upasuxa:

mefeo, Tqvenma cxenma Zveli Toki awyvita da damala.

amis Semdeg dRemde samcxeSi ramdenime sofels ewoda:

Zveli, Toki, awyveta da damala.

davaleba

2. daranebi mxolod

samxreT saqarTvelosTvis

iyo damaxasiaTebeli.

dasavleT

saqarTveloSi

daranebs ar aSenebdnen.

axseni, ratom.

3. aRwere wyaro 3. rogor

fiqrob, ratom

hqonda darans qvis

kari.

samcxe-javaxeTi

67

3.7

samcxe-javaxeTis politikuri, kulturuli da ekonomikuri

centria qalaqi axalcixe. igi geografiulad

Zalian mniSvnelovan gzajvaredinze mdebareobs. iq

Tavs iyris qarTlis, imereTis, guriis, aWarisa da javaxeTis

damakavSirebeli gzebi. axalcixis teritoriaze

adamianebi jer kidev uZvelesi droidan cxovrobdnen.

XII saukuneSi qalaqi gaizarda. am mxaris mmarTvelebma

mas axalcixe daarqves. istoriulad, axalcixeSi

24 eklesia iyo. marTlmadidebluri taZrebis garda,

XIII saukunis miwurulidan iq iyo kaTolikuri eklesia,

ebraelTa sinagoga, muslimTa salocavi _ meCeTi.

XIX saukunis 30-iani wlebidan ki, somxebis gadmosaxlebis

Semdeg, somxuri eklesiac.

axalcixeSi ganviTarebuli iyo xelosnoba, gansakuTrebiT,

oqromWedloba. oqromWedlebs aq `yvinCebs~ eZaxdnen.

axalcixeSi, aseve, keTdeboda spilenZis WurWeli,

vercxlis safuleebi, saTuTuneebi, saSaqreebi. gamor-

Ceuli mdebareobis gamo, axalcixeSi da, zogadad, samvaWroba,

xelosnoba da saqalaqo

cxovreba samcxe-javaxeTSi

rogor gaxda axalcixe mxaris mTavari centri?

davaleba

1. raze metyvelebs

is faqti, rom warsulSi

axalcixeSi

24 marTlmadidebluri

eklesia, aseve

sinagoga, meCeTi da

kaTolikuri taZari

idga?

wyaro 1. axalcixe XIX saukuneSi


wyaro 2. axalcixe dRes

cxeSi ganviTarebuli iyo vaWroba. vaWrobdnen rogorc

Semotanili produqtiT, aseve adgilobrivi nawarmiT:

rZis produqtebiT, marcvleuliT, seliT, xiliT, TafliT.

vaWrobas, ZiriTadad, qarTveli kaTolikeebi misdevdnen.

qalaqSi maT TavianTi qarvaslebic hqondaT.

imereTs sxvadasxva saqonliT swored es vaWrebi amaragebdnen.

gasayidad gahqondaT Tofebi da pistoletebi.

xelosnebi amqrebSi iyvnen gaerTianebuli. garda

axalcixisa, Sinamrewvelobasa da xelosnobas sofleb-

Sic misdevdnen. selisa da matylisagan qsovdnen qsovilebs,

xdidnen selis zeTs, akeTebdnen urmebs, salew

da saxvnel iaraRs; keravdnen qurTukebs, qudebs, xurjinebs,

sqel e.w. jvalos tomrebs, qsovdnen fardagebs,

akeTebdnen unagirebs. saTanado doneze idga meTuneoba

da xis damuSaveba. Sindis, ifnisa da Txilis wnelisagan

wnavdnen kalaTebs da sxv.

davaleba

2. Seadare Zveli da

axali axalcixis

centri (wyaroebi

1 da 2). ra cvlilebebs

xedav? riT

axsni maT?

3. xelosnobis romeli

dargebi iyo

ganviTa rebuli

axalcixeSi?

wyaro 3. axalcixis bazari

samcxe-javaxeTi

69

wyaro 4. CeCili da

tenili yveli

bolo dros gansakuTrebiT gaizarda mimosvla samcxe-javaxeTsa

da mis mosazRvred mdebare saqarTvelos

mezobel saxelmwifoebs, TurqeTsa da somxeTs Soris.

axalcixe mTeli regionis centrad Camoyalibda. Turqe-

Tidan didi raodenobiT SeaqvT sayofacxovrebo nivTebi

da safeiqro nawarmi. samcxidan ki gaaqvT Tafli.

samcxeSi mniSvnelovani savaWro produqtia yveli.

Zroxis rZisgan damzadebuli cximiani yveli mTel

saqarTveloSia gavrcelebuli. ucximo yveli ki, ZiriTadad,

samcxe-javaxeTsa da aRmosavleT saqarTvelos

mTaSi gvxvdeba. aseT yvels CeCili yveli ewodeba. mas

dawnuli nawnavis forma aqvs. CeCili yvelis msgavsad

mzaddeba tenili yvelic. tenilis dasamzadeblad yvels

ZafebiviT aCeCaven, ayrian marils, asxamen naRebs da kargad

ureven. ramdenime xnis Semdeg mas mWidrod tenian

qoTanSi. gavsebul qoTans zemodan marils ayrian, suf-

Ta naWriT Tavs ukraven da Sesanax oTaxSi ficarze amxoben

piriT dabla. tenili yveli qilebSi TiTqmis erTi

weliwadi inaxeboda da stumrisaTvis misarTmev delikatesad

miiCneoda. dRes saqarTveloSi tenili yvelis

fasi Cveulebrivi yvelis fass samjer aRemateba.

valesa da karwaxis sabaJo-gamSvebi punqtebi

samcxe-javaxeTis Tanamedrove ganviTarebaze didi gavlena iqonia TurqeTis saz-

Rvarze ori sabaJo-gamSvebi punqtis (valesa da karwaxis) gaxsnam. am gziT gaaqtiurda

ekonomikuri urTierToba mezobel qveynebTan da gaizarda turistebis raodenoba.

wyaro 5. vales sabaJo-gamSvebi punqti

wyaro 6. karwaxis sabaJo-gamSvebi punqti

davaleba

4. rogor fiqrob, ratom sWirdebodaT yvelis didxans Senaxva?

gaiTvaliswine garemo da istoriuli pirobebi.

5. Seni azriT, ratom Rirs tenili yveli ufro Zviri, vidre

Cveulebrivi.

6. dagegme ufrosebTan erTad bazarSi wasvla. Camowere im

produqtebis sia, romelTa yidvas apireb. daadgine maTi

fasi, miawere produqtebs da gamoTvale, ra Tanxa gWirdeba.

manamde ki, gaakeTe ekonomia da dazoge saWiro Tanxa.



1. upasuxe kiTxvebs:

• gaixsene, samcxis teritoriaze romeli mdinaris xeobaSi

hqondaT mowyobili terasebi.

• soflis meurneobis romel produqts awarmoeben

didi raodenobiT samcxe-javaxeTSi?

2. Seafase cxrilSi mocemuli informacia. gadaxaze

rveulSi da Seavse cxrili: `sworia-arasworia~.

sworia

1. javaxeTSi somxebi da duxaborebi cxovroben.

2. mtkvari saTaves samcxedan iRebs.

3. axalcixes Zvelad lomsia erqva.

4. varZia mdinare qvablianis xeobaSi mdebareobs.

5. samcxe-javaxeTSi daranebs mosavlis Sesanaxad iyenebdnen.

6. tylapi vaSlisgan mzaddeba.

7. javaxeTi gurias esazRvreba.

8. samcxeSi ufro meti tbaa, vidre javaxeTSi.

9. selis zeTs dRemde awarmoeben javaxeTSi.

10. tenil yvels javaxeTSi mcxovrebi somxebi akeTeben.

arasworia

3. samcxe-javaxeTi mravaleTnikuri mosaxleobiT gamoirCeva.

maT Soris, yvelaze mravalricxovani somxebi

arian. maTi kultu ris pativsacemad klasSi somxuri

kulturis saRamo moawye.

4. imsjeleT, ra mniSvneloba aqvs saxelmwifo enis codnas.

ra aris saWiro imisTvis, rom javaxeTSi araqar-

Tulenovanma mosaxleobam qarTuli iswavlos? CamoayalibeT

Tqveni winadadebebi da gaugzavneT saqar-

Tvelos parlamentis ganaTlebis, mecnierebisa da

kulturis komitets.

5. mimarTeT municipalitets

winadadebiT, mrewvelobis

romeli dargis ganviTareba

SeiZleba Sens mxareSi.

romeli profesiebi aris

yvelaze perspeqtiuli Seni

mxarisTvis?

es varZiaa?

rodindelia?

me-12 saukunis

Zeglia

6. dawere referati `samcxejavaxeTi

_ saqarTvelos

samxreTi karibWe. warsuli

da dRevandeloba~.

samcxe-javaxeTi

71

kari 4. guria

am karSi iswavli dasavleT saqar

Tvelos istoriul-eTnografiul

mxares _ gurias. gaigeb, Tu ra mniSvnelovani

roli Seasrula warsulSi

am kuTxem da dRes ra funqcia akisria;

ra gavlena aqvs geografiul

mdebareobas mis ekonomikur ganviTarebaze;

iswavli, Tu ra mniSvnelovani

resursebi hqonda winaT da ra aqvs

dRes; romeli kurortebia guriaSi da

ra roli akisria turizms am kuTxis

ganviTarebaSi; rogori iyo sacxovrebeli

da sameurneo nagebobebi guria-

Si; gaecnobi am kuTxis RirsSesaniSnaobebs,

folklors, tradiciebsa da

xalxur wes-Cveulebebs.

paliastomis

tba

malTayva

! nigvziani

!

sufsa

!

grigoleTi

!

S

a

v i

ureki !

z R

SekveTli

!

kolxeTis erovnuli parki

v a

k

s

d

! natanebi

natanebi

a

o

a

a

b

l

m

x

sufsa

Txinvali

!

l o

la

!

!.

!

lesa CibaTi

S

! jumaTi

laiTuri

!

naruja

!

! !

e g

e

b i

!.

! WanieT

W

72

Cveni saqarTvelo 6

e

lanCxuTi

!.

! !

CibaTi qvemo

SuxuTi

maTi

b i

ja

g r

!.

! WanieTi

! mamaTi

ozurgeTi

!

!

! japana

nigoiTi

! nagomari

!

qveda

nasakirali

ganaxleba

!

!

Semoqmedi

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i

73

4.1

guriis geografiuli mdebareoba

da bunebrivi pirobebi

rogoria guriis geografiuli mdebareoba da bunebrivi pirobebi?

davaleba

1. daadgine, rukis mixedviT

(gv. 72-73):

a) saqarTvelos romeli

mxareebi esazRvreba

gurias?

b) ivaraude, mTiani

guria ufro metad

aris dasaxlebuli

Tu baris.

guria dasavleT saqarTvelos yvelaze patara istoriul-eTnografiuli

mxarea. warsulSi guria ufro samxreTiT,

mdinare Woroxis SesarTavamde vrceldeboda.

Tumca saqarTveloSi samTavroebs Soris Sida sazRvrebi

sxvadasxva mizeziT xSirad icvleboda.

guria Savi zRvis sanapiroze mdebareobs. miuxedavad

amisa, is mxolod dablobs ar moicavs _ aq mTiani da

gorak-borcviani reliefic aris. Coxatauri mTiani guriaa,

lanCxuTi da ozurgeTi ki _ baris. guriis mTiani

nawili mesxeTis qedis CrdiloeT da Crdilo-dasavleT

ferdobebze mdebareobs. guriis barSi ZiriTadad vakedablobebi

da mcire zomis gorak-borcvebia. dablobSi

subtropikuli havaa, amitomac aq subtropikuli kulturebi

_ citrusebi da Cai xarobs. guriis mTavari

mdinarea sufsa. aseve, paliastomis tbis samxreTi nawilic

guriasa da samegrelos esazRvreba. guriaSi aris

rogorc mTis, aseve zRvis kurortebi.

wyaro 1. sofel askanas midamoebi

wyaro 2. sofeli nabeRlavi

davaleba

2. Seadare erTmaneTs wyaro 1 da wyaro 2. ra msgavsebas

da ra gansxvavebas xedav? Seni azriT, romelia

mTis sofeli.


wyaro 3. malTayva

wyaro 4. kolxeTis erovnuli parki

guria sasargeblo wiaRiseuliT Raribi mxarea. sufsis

midamoebSi ramdenime navTobmompovebeli Wabur-

Rilia, Tumca, imdenad mcirea navTobis maragi, rom am

mxaris ekonomikur cxovrebaSi mniSvnelovan rols ver

asrulebs. samSeneblo masalebidan mdinare sufsaSi moipoveba

RorRi da qviSa. sofel nabeRlavSi mdebareobs

amave dasaxelebis mineraluri wylis sabado. guria-

Si moipoveba gansakuTrebuli Tixa, romelsac „askanis

Tixebs“ uwodeben. Zveli droidanve am Tixas adamianebi

Tavis dasabanad iyenebdnen. misi gamoyeneba SeiZleba

farmacevtul da safeiqro mrewvelobaSi, parfiumeria-

Si. misgan sapons amzadeben.

davaleba

3. moZebne rukaze (gv.

72-73) gakveTilSi

miTiTebuli geografiuli

obieqtebi.

wyaro 5. askanis Tixebi

guria

75

4.2

guriis meurneobis dargebi

meurneobis ra dargebia ganviTarebuli guriaSi?

davaleba


gakveTile bidan,

saqar T ve los kidev

romel kuTxeebSi iyo

gavrcelebuli maRlari

vazi?

guriis ZiriTadi sameurneo saqmianoba yovelTvis

miwaTmoqmedeba iyo. cxeli da teniani hava barSi mesaqonleobis

ganviTarebis saSualebas ar iZleva, mTa-

Si ki msxvilfexa saqoneli mcire raodenobiT dRemde

hyavT. warsulSi guriaSi marcvleuli kulturebidan

mohyavdaT xorbali (zegan adgilebSi), Romi, simindi,

lobio da, iSviaTad, qeri. XVIII saukunidan wamyvan

kulturad simindi iqca. guriis soflebSi, dasavleT

saqarTvelos sxva istoriul-eTnografiuli mxareebis

msgavsad, maRlari vazia gavrcelebuli. iq dRemde aTobiT

saxeobis adgilobrivi vazis jiSi arsebobs, Tumca

maT Soris sayovelTad cnobilia „adesa“. guriaSi xeze

asuli vazis dasakrefad gidelebs iyeneben.

wyaro 1. gidelSi

dakrefili izabela

(adesa)

ratom Searqves vazs adesa

ratom hqvia dasavleT saqarTveloSi yvelaze

farTod gavrcelebul vazs adesa? adesas

namdvili saxelwodebaa izabela. igi amerikuli

warmoSobis vazia. saqarTveloSi XIX saukuneSi

ukrainis saporto qalaq odesidan Semoitanes da

Tavdapirvelad guriaSi gaaxares. adgilobrivebma

misi saxeli ar icodnen da radgan qalaq odesidan

iyo Camotanili, „adesa“ Searqves. adgilobriv

qarTul jiSebTan SedarebiT, izabelas erTi

didi upiratesoba aqvs: mas Sewamvla ar sWirdeba

da rTul bunebriv pirobebSic advilad

xarobs.

Cais buCqi saqarTveloSi pirvelad XIX saukunis dasawyisSi

guriaSi gaCnda. XX saukuneSi ki Cais warmoeba

yvelaze farTod gavrcelebul sameurneo saqmianobad

gadaiqca. saqarTveloSi Cais kulturis ganviTarebisTvis

moiwvies Cineli specialisti lao jin jao, romelmac

warmatebas miaRwia da maRali xarisxis Cai awarmoa.

saqarTveloSi im raodenobis Cai mohyavdaT, rom

ramdenime qveynis moTxovnilebas akmayofilebda. bolo

25 wlis ganmavlobaSi saqarTveloSi Cais warmoeba minimumamde

Semcirda, radgan produqcia sxva qveynebSi

veRar iyideboda da umeTval yureod mitovebuli Cais

plantaciebis didi nawili ganadgurda.


wyaro 2. lao jin jao Cais sanerge meurneobaSi

saqarTvelos damoukideblobis mopovebis Semdeg,

1990-iani wlebidan guriaSi meurneobis axali dargi _

Txilis warmoeba ganviTarda. man mniSvnelovnad Caanacvla

Cais nargavebi da citrusis baRebi. guriaSi Txilis

nargavebis farTobi yovelwliurad izrdeba. saqar-

Tvelo msoflioSi meoTxe adgilzea Txilis warmoebiT.

ZiriTadad, Txilis nargavebi guriasa da samegreloSia

gavrcelebuli.

saqarTveloSi, maT Soris, guriaSi 2015 wels gavrcelda

saSiSi mavnebeli mweri _ aziuri farosana.

man 2016 wlis Txilis mosavali nawilobriv, xolo

2017 wlis mosavali mTlianad gaanadgura. saxelmwifo,

mosax leobasTan erTad, mis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad

dairazma.

eWvi ratom

gepareboda?

ar vicodi, rom

guriaSi Cai

mohyavdaT...

wyaro 3. Txilis nargavebi

guriaSi

davaleba

2. Seni azriT, ra

zomebi SeiZleba

gatardes Txilis

warmoebis ganviTarebisTvis.

3. rogor fiqrob, riT

SegiZlia daexmaro

guriis mosaxleobas

farosanasTan brZolaSi.

4. moiZie informacia

internetSi, ra

mdgomareoba aris

saqarTveloSi mavneblebis

winaaRmdeg

brZolaSi.

5. Seni azriT, ra

ganapirobebs meurneobis

axali dargebis

ganviTarebas da

Zvelis gaqrobas.

wyaro 4. turistebi guriaSi

guria

77

4.3

guria – kurortebiT mdidari mxare

rogor viTardeba turizmi guriaSi?

guria sxvadasxva tipis kurortebiT mdidari mxarea.

turizmi XXI saukuneSi guriis mosaxleobis Semosavlis

erT-erT mTavar wyarod iqca. aq aris zRvis, mTisa da

samkurnalo-gamajansaRebeli kurortebi. guriaSi mdebareobs

urekis, SekveTilisa da grigoleTis zRvis sanapiroebi.

ureki SavizRvispireTis sxva kurortebisgan

gamoirCeva samkurnalo Tvisebebis mqone magnituri qvi-

Siani plaJiT. samkurnalo qviSa aq mdinare sufsam Caitana,

ramac mkurnalobisa da dasvenebisTvis saukeTeso

pirobebi Seqmna. ureki gansakuTrebiT bavSvebs uyvarT,

vinaidan qviSiani sanapiro da TavTxeli wyali mosaxerxebelia

maTTvis, vinc curva ar icis.

wyaro 1. `bleq si arena~

Tanamedrove SekveTili

kurorti SekveTili cnobilia magnituri samkurnalo

qviSiTa da fiWvnariT. bolo wlebSi,

gansakuTrebiT mas Semdeg, rac iq kavkasiaSi yvelaze

didi sakoncerto darbazi `bleq si arena~

da atraqcionebis parki `cicinaTela~ gaixsna,

SekveTils uamravi damsvenebeli miawyda. gaixsna

axali saojaxo sastumroebi. saerTaSoriso

festivalebis farglebSi sakoncerto darbaz-

Si msoflio donis varskvlavebi gamodian. maT

mosasmenad sxvadasxva qveynidan mravali turisti

Camodis. es ki adgilobrivi mosaxleobis

Semosavals zrdis.

davaleba

1. rogor fiqrob, ra

rols TamaSobs sakoncerto

darbazi

SekveTilis, rogorc

kurortis, ganviTarebaSi.

wyaro 2. urekis sanapiro


mas, visac zRva ar uyvars, SeuZlia sayovelTaod

cnobil samTo-klimatur kurortze _ baxmaroSi daisvenos.

urekis msgavsad, baxmaro erTdroulad dasasvenebeli

da samkurnalo kurortia. igi zRvis donidan

2000 metrze mdebareobs. aq erTmaneTs erwymis mTisa

da zRvis haeri, romelic mzis ultraiisfer sxivebTan

erTad gansakuTrebul havas ayalibebs. swored am havas

aqvs profilaqtikuri da samkurnalo Tvisebebi sasun-

Tqi gzebiT daavadebuli adamianebisTvis. guriis mTebSi

mdebareobs aseve aranakleb cnobili gomis mTa.

wyaro 3. doRi baxmaroSi

rogor aRmoaCines kurorti baxmaro

baxmaros haeris unikaluri samkurnalo Tvisebebi

pirvelad XIX saukunis 80-ian wlebSi am mxareSi

zafxulis saZovrebze asulma mwyemsebma aRmoaCines.

erT-erTi mwyemsi tuberkuloziT iyo daavadebuli da

baxmaros haerma sabolood gankurna. amis Sesaxeb xma

male gavrcelda da imave saukunis bolos, specialurad

samkurnalod, baxmaroSi mZimed daavadebuli

avadmyofebi ahyavdaT.

davaleba


72-73):

a) dasaxlebuli punqtebi,

romlebsac

gaivli gzaze urekidan

baxmarosken.

b) kurorti baxmaro da

gomis mTa. ra msgavseba

da gansxvavebaa

maT adgilmdebareobas

Soris?

g) guriaSi arsebuli

mTisa da baris kurortebi.

3. Sen sad isurvebdi

dasvenebas? axseni,

ratom.

4. moamzade prezentacia

Temaze: `kurort

SekveTilis ganviTarebis

perspeqtivebi.

manamde

a) moiZie informacia

(internetSi, intervius

gziT da sxv.)

kurort SekveTilze.

b) romeli biznesi

SeiZleba iyos iq

yvelaze momgebiani.

g) Camowere rekomendaciebi

adgilobrivi

mosaxleobisTvis,

raTa maTi Semosavali

gaizardos.


saqarTvelos

cnobil mineralur

wylebze.

nabeRlavi

saqarTveloSi 730-ze meti saxeobis Termuli da mineraluri wyali moipoveba. maTi

iSviaTi Tvisebebi Zveli droidan aris cnobili. adgilobrivi mcxovrebni am wylebs

sxvada sxva daavadebis samkurnalod iyeneben. bevri aseTi wyaros adgilas kurortebi

Seiqmna. erTi-erTi aseTi adgilia sofeli nabeRlavi, romelic dRes ukve kurorts

warmoadgens. mis maxloblad 1905 wels mineraluri wylis sabado aRmoaCines. adgilobrivma

mosaxleobam yuradReba miaqcia erT-erT wyaros, romelsac xarebi

etanebodnen. mecnierebma is Seiswavles da daadgines, rom mas samkurnalo Tvisebebi

hqonda. dRes nabeRlavi 20-ze met qveyanaSi gaaqvT.

guria

79

4.4

dasaxlebis tipebi da samSeneblo saqme guriaSi

rogor da ra masaliT aSenebdnen saxlebs guriaSi?

guriaSi dasaxlebis tipi, sacxovrebeli da sameurneo

nagebobebi TiTqmis iseTivea, rogoric imereTsa da

samegreloSi. ezo-karmidamoSi ganlagebulia sacxovrebeli

da sameurneo nagebobebi. saxlebi, SeZlebisdagvarad,

gorak-borcvebzea aSenebuli. maRalmTian guria-

Si erTi soflis sxvadasxva ubani zogjer imdenad aris

erTmaneTisgan daSorebuli, rom sxvadasxva sofels

hgavs. qvemo guriaSi saxlebi erTmaneTis gverdiT aris

ganlagebuli. ezo-karmidamo kargad movlili da gamwvanebulia.

saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi guriaSi saxlebi aucileblad

xisgan Sendeboda. isini erTsarTuliani iyo da sakmaod

maRal ximinjebze idga. ezoSi sxvadasxva sameurneo

saTavsi iyo: sawnaxeli, sasiminde, saRore, boseli

da sazafxulo samzareulo. mTavari sacxovrebeli saxli

yavriT iyo gadaxuruli an iSviaTad _ kramitiT,

damxmare saxlebi _ specialuri balaxiT, isliT.

wyaro 1. ojaxi isliT gadaxuruli saxlis win.

XIX saukunis meore naxevari

davaleba

1. Seadare wyaroebi

1 da 2. riT gansxvavdeba

isini? romeli

saxlia sacxovreblad

ukeTesi da

ratom?

wyaro 2. odasaxli


wyaro 3. gurulebi. XIX saukunis meore naxevari

guriaSi xSirad eklesiebsac xisgan aSenebdnen. xis

eklesiebi tradiciuli masaliT aSenebuli taZrebisgan

gansxvavebiT, male daingra an mtris Semosevebis dros

dawves. dRemde baxmaros eklesiis garda, guriaSi verc

erTma xis eklesiam ver moaRwia.

davaleba

2. aRwere wyaro 3.

Seadare gurulebis

samosi SenTvis

cnobili sxva mxareebis

mosaxleobis

samoss.

3. gaixsene, ratom Sendeboda

guriaSi da

dasavleT saqarTveloSi

sacxovrebeli

nagebobebi xisgan.


masala da ivaraude,

rodis SeiZleba aSenebuliyo

baxmaros

eklesia.

wyaro 4. baxmaros eklesia

XX saukuneSi adamianebis codna da SesaZleblobebi

ganviTarda. specialistebma kolxeTis dablobze bevri

Waobi daaSres, ris gamoc zRvispira mxareebSi tenianoba

Semcirda. mecnierebma gamoigones axali samSeneblo

teqnologiebi da gansxvavebuli samSeneblo masalebi

Seqmnes. am cvlilebebis Semdeg SesaZlebeli gaxda ufro

komfortuli da keTilmowyobili saxlebis mSenebloba.

guriaSi axali mSeneblobebi, ZiriTadad, Tanamedrove

teqnologiebis gamoyenebiT mimdinareobs, amitom Zvelebur

xis saxlebs TiTqmis aRar aSeneben. zRvispira

kurort grigoleTSi komfortuli saxlebi sanapiroze,

zRvidan 20 metris daSorebiT aris aSenebuli.

wyaro 5. grigoleTi

guria

81

4.5

guruli folklori

riT gamoirCeva guruli simRerebi?

gurulebi mRerodnen ara marto lxinSi, qorwilSi,

aramed Sromis drosac. maTi simRera Sexmatkbilebulia

Sromis procesTan. igi aadvilebda da nayofiers xdida

muSaobas, aZlevda mas Sinaarssa da xaliss. gurul

simReraSi yvelaze maRalxmiania mamakacebis Sesasrulebeli

„krimanWuli“ simRerebi. kargad Sesrulebuli

„krimanWuli“ simRera SesaZlebelia sami-oTxi kilometris

daSorebiTac ismodes. simReris aseT Sor manZilze

gavrcelebas xels uwyobda guriis mTebic. guriaSi

kargi momRerlebis dafaseba tradiciad iyo qceuli.

maT Sesaxeb aTwleulebis manZilze saubrobdnen da ar

iviwyebdnen.

wyaro 1. gurulebis

ojaxi

davaleba

1. romel instrumentebs

xedav

(wyaro 1)? raze

metyvelebs es?

wyaro 2. krimanWulis Semsruleblebi

anzor erqomaiSvili

anzor erqomaiSvili guruli xalxuri simRerebis

ara marto Semsrulebeli, aramed Semkrebic

aris. misi gvaris warmomadgenlebi 300 welia

galoben. simRera babuam _ artemma aswavla.

3-4 wlis asakSi pirvelad gamovida scenaze babuasTan

erTad. amis Semdeg scenaze dgas da wlebia

ansambl `rusTavs~ xelmZRvanelobs. mis saxels

ukavSirdeba guruli xalxuri simRerebis popularizacia.

wyaro 3. momRerali, sagundo

diriJori, xalxuri simRerebis

Semkrebi anzor erqomaiSvili


guriaSi aseve popularuli iyo yanuri anu naduri

simRera, romelic Sromis procesis _ simindis Toxnis

dros sruldeboda. Toxs simReris temps ayolebdnen,

Toxis dartyma da simRera ritmuli unda yofiliyo.

simReris procesSi droc ufro swrafad gadioda da nadis

wevrebic SedarebiT naklebad iRlebodnen.

guriaSi farTod gavrcelebuli iyo simRera elesac.

elesas tvirTis awevisa da gadatanis dros mRerodnen.

XX saukunis dasawyisSi guriaSi saurme gzebi naklebad

iyo. saSeni xe-tye da Wirnaxuli tyidan da yanidan zurgiTa

da mxriT gahqondaT. erTi adgilidan meoreze gadatana

mraval muSaxels moiTxovda. gurulisTvis usim-

Rerod mZime tvirTis gadatana ki warmoudgeneli iyo.

simReras damwyebi-mTqmeli da xelmZRvaneli hyavda. sanam

tvirTi saxifaTo adgilas iyo, manam elesa erTpiri

iyo, magram rodesac tvirTs samSvidoboze gadaitandnen,

maSin èrTpirovnuli diqtatura~ uqmdeboda da simRera

orpirad, ufro mxiarulad da udardelad CaRdeboda.

elesa

elesa uleqso sim-

Rera iyo:

èlesa da aswi biWo!

elesa da daswi biWo!

elesa da gaswi biWo!~

am sityvebs

xelmZRvaneli ambobda,

danarCenebi ki

miayolebdnen, bans

aZlevdnen: elesa da

vio, vio, oo! rodesac

tvirTs daniSnulebis

adgilze miitandnen,

maSin elesas ufro

swrafi tempiT mRerodnen

_ èle, ele,

ele-ha, elesa

da vio da io~.

wyaro 4. nadi

guriaSi gavrcelebuli sxvadasxva sasimRero tradicia:

nadi, elesa da krimanWuli meoce saukunemde yoveldRiur

cxovrebaSi aqtiurad sruldeboda. bolo

dros elesas tradicia daviwyebas mieca da nadsac imdenad

xSirad aRar mRerian, rogorc adre.

guriaSi mRerodnen rTvelis drosac. es simRerebia

àgidela~ da àguna~. momReralTa ori an sami jgufi

erTmaneTs ejibreboda. gansakuTrebiT qalisa da vaJis

mayrebi paeqrobdnen. dRes es tradiciac daviwyebulia.

davaleba

2. rogor fiqrob, ram gamoiwvia elesas gaqroba yoveldRiuri

cxovrebidan.

3. gaixsene ganvlili masalidan, guriis garda, kidev

romeli kuTxisTvis iyo damaxasiaTebeli simReriT

paeqroba.

4. Seni azriT, rogor SeiZleba momavali TaobebisTvis

folkloris nimuSebis SenarCuneba.

guria

83

4.6

sportuli TamaSebi guriaSi

rogoria guruli sportuli TamaSebi?

davaleba

1. romel Tanamedrove,

msoflioSi popularul

TamaSs mogagonebs

leloburTi?

ra msgavseba da

gansxvavebaa am or

TamaSs Soris?

2. romel TamaSs hgavs

SinaarsiT Wakunoba?

3. gamoTqvi varaudi,

ratom aRar TamaSoben

Wakunobas.


gurul mxedrebze

amerikaSi. rogor

fiqrob, ratom wavidnen

isini Soreul

qveyanaSi.

5. SeecadeT, TanaklaselebTan

erTad,

sportis gakveTilze

leloburTis an Wakunobis

gacocxleba.

amisTvis Sesaferisi

burTi winaswar

moimarageT.

saqarTveloSi droTa ganmavlobaSi sxvadasxva xalxuri

sportuli TamaSi Seqmnes. adamianebi dResaswaulebis

dros ara mxolod cekvavdnen da mRerodnen, aramed

erTmaneTs erkinebodnen da asparezobdnen. es maT

gamowrTobasa da fizikur varjiSSi exmareboda. guriaSi

bolo dromde moaRwia iseTma sportulma TamaSebma rogoric

aris leloburTi, Wakuni/Wakunoba da doRi. baxmaroSi

doRSi Sejibri dResac imarTeba.

leloburTis dros erTmaneTs ori gundis wevrebi _

sxvadasxva ubnelebi an colianebi da ucoloebi _ erkinebodnen.

leloburTis dawyebisas, moednis SuagulSi

maRla agdebul burTs vinc daiWerda, is mopirdapire

wris garRvevas da gaqcevas Seecdeboda. mowinaaRmdegeni

burTis warTmevas cdilobdnen. warmatebuli winsvlis

SemTxvevaSi, mopirdapire mxaris zurgisken, anu

lelosaken miiwevdnen. Tu burTs dakargavdnen, axla

mowinaaRmdege mxare cdilobda igive moemoqmeda. gamarjvebulad

cxaddeboda is, vinc met lelos gaitanda.

moTamaSeebis raodenoba SezRuduli ar aris.

wyaro 1. leloburTi SuxuTSi

guriaSi sayovelTaod iyo gavrcelebuli Wakunobac.

Wakuni ewodeboda joxs, romlis sigrZe moTamaSis simaRlis

unda yofiliyo. Wakuns xis totisagan akeTebdnen.

mas Ziri moRunuli unda hqonoda. Wakunobis saTamaSo

burTi muStisodena iyo. icodnen burTis saqonlis

bewvisgan gakeTeba, xisgan gamoTla, iSviaTad, matylisgan

damzadeba, romelsac garedan tyavs akravdnen. aqac

burTi leloSi unda gaetanaT, oRond Wakunis dar tymiT.

amJamad Wakunoba ukve miviwyebuli TamaSia.



1. samkurnalo kurortebi da maTi daniSnuleba

guriis erT-erTi mTavari Rirsebaa mTisa da baris kurortebi.

Seavse rveulSi cxrili da internetis daxmarebiT

Seafase, romel kurorts ra daniSnuleba aqvs?

cxrili: guriis mTisa da baris kurortebi

kurortebi

daniSnuleba

leqsikoni

repertuari _ TeatrSi,

estradaze, koncertze

Sesrulebul

nawarmoebTa erToblioba.

baxmaro

ureki

2. guruli simRerebis koncerti

• moawye guruli simReris koncerti musikis maswavlebelTan

erTad. koncertis Catarebamde klasSi gamoikiTxe,

romeli guruli simRerebia yvelaze cnobili.

• gaecani gurul simRerebs vebgverdze: http://www.alazani.ge/Guria-guruli-simgerebi-sagaloblebi-kutxe5.html

• SearCie is simRerebi, romlebic yvelaze metad mogewoneba.

• SeajereT Tqveni arCevani da SeadgineT repertuari.

• moismineT klasSi SerCeuli simRerebi.

• ganixileT mosmenili simRerebi da daasaxeleT guruli

simReris Taviseburebebi.

• SeadareT sxva istoriul-eTnografiuli mxareebis

simRerebs. ra msgavseba da gansxvavebaa maT Soris?

3. sportuli TamaSobebi

• moiZie informacia (magaliTad, legenda, istoria,

konkretuli ambavi) saqarTvelos sxvadasxva mxareSi

gavrcelebul sportul TamaSobebze.

• moamzadeT kedlis gazeTi, romelsac sportul TamaSobebs

miuZRvniT.

guria

85

kari 5.

raWa-leCxumi

am karSi gaigeb,

Tu rogor warmoiSva

raWa-leCxumi; ra bunebriv-geografiuli

garemoa iq; ra legendaa

masTan dakavSirebuli;

ra gavlenas

axdenda meurneobis

dargebis ganviTarebaze

garemo da bunebrivi

resursebi; ra

Taviseburebebi aqvs

sacxovriss, cxovrebis

stils; ratom dadis

mosaxleoba garesaSovarze.

mixvdebi,

ratom gaxdnen raWvelebi

movaWreebi;

rogori urTierToba

aqvT maT mezobleb-

Tan; ra metyvelebs

maT tolerantobaze;

ra problemebia raWaleCxumSi

da ra aris

maTi gamomwvevi mizezebi.

a

m

e

g

r

s

e l

o

muxura !

i

s

cxeniswyali

cageri !.

l e C x u m i

lajanurhesi

!

tviSi

!

!

2001

m. xvamli

m

v

pirobiTi aRniSvnebi


!.

!.

!

!

mxaris centri



kurorti

gzebi

gzatkecili

sazRvrebi

saxelmwifos


provinciis

a

hidrografia

orbeli

!

lailaSi

!

mdinare

tba, wyalsacavi

myinvari

sxva aRniSvnebi

simaRliTi niSnuli

uReltexili

karstuli mRvime

aeroporti

e

lajanura

n

!

xvanWkara

Sareula

2565

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sayinu

xarisTv

murada

!

a

naqeralas u

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86

Cveni saqarTvelo 6

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!

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2565

uR. lanqori

ula

rioni

riceula

!

uravi

!

! sadmeli wesi

nWkara

! !

Sareula !.

!

Sua sxvava

nikorwminda

sayinule !

! xotevi

r

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xarisTvala

da ! Saoris

wyalsacavi

1217

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luxuniswyali

3216

ambrolauri

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3609

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Rarula

r a W a

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87

5.1

raWa-leCxumis warsuli da geografiuli garemo

rogor daiSala erTiani Takveri raWad da leCxumad

da ra geografiuli garemo aqvs maT?

davaleba

1. gaixsene, saqarTvelos

kidev romeli

istoriul-eTnografiuli

mxare gaiyo

or nawilad.

2. romeli sami mikroregioni

gamoiyofa

raWis teritoriaze?

ra gansxvavebaa maT

geografiul garemos

Soris?

3. aRwere wyaro 1. ra

informacia SeiZleba

miiRo raWis Sesaxeb

am wyarodan?


86-87) raWis mTavari

mdinare. gaixsene,

sad Caedineba igi.

romelia leCxumis

mTavari mdinare?

raWa da leCxumi dasavleT saqarTvelos istoriuleTnografiuli

mxareebia. erTmaneTis mezoblad mdebare

es ori mxare centraluri kavkasionis samxreT ferdobze

mdebareobs. raWac da leCxumic mTiani mxareebia.

orive maTganSi gvxvdeba rogorc dabalmTiani, aseve

maRalmTiani reliefi. dRevandeli administraciulteritoriuli

dayofiT, raWa onisa da ambrolauris municipalitetebs

moicavs, leCxumi ki _ cageris municipalitets.

amave dros, raWas yofen zemo, qvemo da mTis

raWad. zemo da mTis raWa onis municipalitetSia, qvemo

raWa ki _ ambrolauris.

dRes raWa da leCxumi damoukidebeli teritoriuli

erTeulebia, magram istoriulad es ori mxare erTi istoriul-eTnografiuli

regioni iyo, romelsac Takveri

ewodeboda. Tamar mefis dros, XII saukuneSi, raWasa da

leCxums (Takvers) erTi erisTavi marTavda. Tamaris mefed

kurTxevas 1184 wels eswreboda `kaxaberi, erisTavi

raWisa da Takuerisa~.

mogvianebiT, Takvers raWis teritoria gamoeyo da

Zveli saxelwodeba mxolod leCxums SemorCa. Tavdapirvelad

mTis raWa svaneTis Semadgeneli nawili iyo da

is `svaneTis mTiuleTad~ moixsenieboda. erTiani saqar-

Tvelos samefos daSlis Semdeg raWac da leCxumic imereTis

samefoSi Sedioda. Tumca mogvianebiT leCxumi

samegrelos samTavros daeqvemdebara.

wyaro 1. raWis xedebi


raWaSi bevria turistebisa da mTamsvlelebisTvis

sasurveli simaRlis mwvervalebi. aq aris aswlovani xeebiT

daburuli wiwvovani tyeebi, bunebrivi CanCqerebi,

karstuli mRvimeebi da gamoqvabulebi.

leCxumi, raWis msgavsad, mTagoriani istoriuleTnografiuli

mxarea. leCxumis mTavari bunebrivi

RirsSesaniSnaoba aris xvamlis kldovani mTa, romelic

rionisa da cxeniswylis xeobebs Soris mdebareobs.

gadmocemiT, xvamlis erT-erT qvabulSi yofila mijaWvuli

miTologiuri gmiri amirani. xvamli kolxeTis

dablobidanac kargad Cans. aseve, xvamlze asul adamians

SesaZlebloba aqvs dasavleT saqarTvelos vrceli sivrceebi

dainaxos. qarTveli mefeebi samefo ganZs xvamlis

mTaze inaxavdnen, radgan igi Znelad misadgomi adgilia.

arqeologebma xvamlis Tavze adamianis cxovrebis

kvals miakvlies. geologebi ki varaudoben, rom xvamlis

mTis SuagulSi SesaZlebelia carieli sivrce iyos.

wyaro 2. xvamlis mTa

legenda amiranze

amiranze bevri legenda arsebobs. erT-erTis Tanaxmad,

amirani nadirobis qalRmerTis dalis da ucnobi

monadiris Svilia. amirani bavSvobaSi Tavad RmerTma monaTla,

RvTaebrivi Zala mianiWa da almasis xanjali misca,

romelic mxolod gansakuTrebul SemTxvevaSi unda gamoeyenebina.

droTa ganmavlobaSi amiranma mravali sagmiro

saqme Caidina: gaaTavisufla mze dev-veSapis muclidan,

mokla baybaydevi, daxoca gveleSapebi, miwasTan gaaswora

cxra Zma devebis samefo. man zecidan Camoiyvana Tavisi

sacole _ RrubelTa mbrZaneblis asuli yamari, mokla

avi suli qal-xari. bolos amirani ampartavnobam Seipyro

da RmerTis damarcxeba gadawyvita. RmerTma is sastikad

dasaja da kavkasionis qedze, xvamlis mTaze samudamod

miajaWva. amiranis RviZls mudmivad ZiZgnis arwivi, xolo

erTguli ZaRli jaWvs lokavs da cdilobs galios igi.

magram yovelwliurad RmerTis mier miCenili mWedlebi

anaxleben jaWvs. Zveli gadmocemiT, Svid weliwadSi er-

Txel gamoqvabuli ixsneba da amiranis danaxva SeiZleba.

leqsikoni

ampartavani _ gadaWarbebiT

amayi, qedma-

Rali, mediduri.

davaleba

5. gaixsene, romel

kuTxeSia gavrcelebuli

legenda dalis

Sesaxeb.

6. gaecani, sxvadasxva

resursis gamoyenebiT,

damatebiT

informacias xvamlis

mTis Sesaxeb. internetSi

moiZie informacia

xvamlis mTaze

arqeologiur eqspediciaze.

raWa-leCxumi

89

5.2

meurneoba raWa-leCxumSi

ra gavlenas axdenda geografiuli garemo

sameurneo saqmianobaze raWa-leCxumSi?

davaleba

1. ra gavlena moaxdina

gansxvavebulma geografiulma

garemom

raWis mikroregionebis

meurneobaze?

2. rogor fiqrob,

ratom uwodebdnen

xvanWkaras `yifianis

Rvinos~.

sameurneo saqmianoba raWaSi

geografiuli garemos msgavsebis miuxedavad, raWisa

da leCxumis mosaxleobis sameurneo saqmianoba metnaklebad

gansxvavdeboda erTmaneTisgan. zemo raWis

mTagorianobis gamo, iq saxnav-saTesi miwebi SedarebiT

naklebi iyo. qvemo raWaSi ki xalxi umetesad miwis damuSavebas

misdevda. Tumca mesaqonleoba mainc ganviTarda,

radgan mosaxleobisTvis rZis produqtebi iyo aucilebeli.

mag ram mTis raWaSi sazamTro saZovrebis ararseboba

meurneobis am dargis ganviTarebas zRudavda.

raWas, leCxumTan erTad, dasavleT saqarTveloSi

wamyvani adgili ekava xorblis naTesebis raodenobiT.

mTis soflebis garda, mevenaxeobas yvelgan misdev dnen.

qvemo raWaSi mevenaxeoba-meRvineoba wamyvani dargi iyo.

iq ZiriTadad dablari venaxi icodnen. arsebobda `talavaric~,

romelsac Wuris Tavebisa da ezos saCrdiloblad

iyenebdnen. Rvinis Sesanaxi WurWeli _ qvevri

raWvelebs, ZiriTadad, zemo imereTidan SehqondaT.

sayovelTaod cnobilia raWuli Rvino `xvanWkara~, romelsac

jer kidev 100 wlis win `yifianis Rvinos~ uwodebdnen.

mas ori adgilobrivi vazis _ aleqsandroulisa

da mujureTulis Serevis Sedegad ayenebdnen.

wyaro 1. sofeli xvanWkara

wyaro 2. xvanWkaras Rvinis

boTlis Zegli ambrolaurSi

davaleba

3. imsjeleT, ra SeiZleba gakeTdes imisTvis, rom

xvanWkara cota mainc gaiafdes. Tu verafers moifiqrebT,

daasabuTeT, ratom. gaiTvaliswineT, rom

yurZnis jiSebi, romliTac am Rvinos iReben, mxolod

konkretul soflebSi xarobs. Sedegebi PPT-Si

prezentaciis saxiT warmoadgineT.


wyaro 3. frangi mogzauri gamba raWvelebis Sromismoyvareobaze

`mkisa da rTvelis dros maTi (raWvelebis _ avt.)

qaliSvilebi da colebi mamakacebs ejibrebian Tavgamodebuli

muSaobiT da es Sroma yovelTvis gamococxlebulia

simReriTa da SeZaxilebiT, rac erTsac

da meoresac amxnevebs~.

raWvelTa yofaSi gansakuTrebuli adgili ekava

Roris movla-moSenebas. Rorisagan raWaSi lors awarmoebdnen,

romelic mTel saqarTveloSia cnobili.

sameurneo saqmianoba leCxumSi

leCxumSi, raWisgan gansxvavebiT, bunebrivi da klimaturi

pirobebi ufro metad bars waagavs. aq ganviTarebuli

iyo mevenaxeoba-meRvineoba, memindvreoba da mesaqonleoba.

adgilobrivi gansakuTrebuli vazis jiSia

ùsaxelouri~. igi mxolod leCxumis ramdenime sofelSi

iyo gavrcelebuli. leCxumSi svanebsac hqondaT venaxebi,

romelsac adgilobrivi leCxumelebi amuSavebdnen.

leCxumSi moyvanili xorblis jiSebia ifqli, zanduri,

maxa. maxa da zanduri kargad xarobs sxva pureulisaTvis

cud, araxelsayrel niadagsa da bunebriv garemoSi.

leCxumSi zandursa da maxas specialuri sakrefi

iaraRiT _ SnakviT krefdnen, radgan momkis dros

xorbals TavTavi advilad scviva da Zirs iyreba. maxisa

da zandurisagan cxveba saukeTeso xarisxis surnelovani,

TeTri da didi xnis ganmavlobaSi rbilad Senaxvis

unaris mqone puri, rasac Zvelad, mgzavroba-laSqrobis

dros, raWa-leCxumis mosaxleobisTvis gansakuTrebuli

mniSvneloba hqonda.

dRes raWa-leCxumSi meurneobis axali dargebi, maT

Soris, mefutkreoba kidev ufro ganviTarda, rasac

xels uwyobs mxaris bunebrivi pirobebi.

raWuli lori

raWvelebi mTeli

wlis ganmavlobaSi Roris

`lors~ miirTmeven,

romelic winaT sufraze

aucileblad unda yofiliyo.

raWv elTa am

siyvarulis gamo

XIX saukuneSi qarTlidan,

kaxeTidan da sxva

adgilebidan saSobaod

gasayidad didi raodenobiT

lori

SehqondaT.

wyaro 4. SnakviT xorblis

krefa

davaleba

4. ra gavlenas axdens geografiuli garemo leCxumis meurneobaze?

5. Seni azriT, raze metyvelebs leCxumSi zandurisa da maxas specialuri sakrefi

iaraRis arseboba (wyaro 4)? dRes ra teqnikas iyeneben am mizniT?

6. gaixsene, ra aris, raWvelebis loris msgavsi, tradiciuli, yvelaze popularuli

kerZebi saqarTvelos sxva mxareebSi.

7. rogor fiqrob, Tanamedrove raWa-leCxumSi meurneobis romel dargebs aqvs ganviTarebis

yvelaze meti perspeqtiva. pasuxis gasacemad gaixsene raWa-leCxumis

bunebrivi pirobebi, meurneobis tradiciuli da Tanamedrove dargebi da a.S.

raWa-leCxumi

91

5.3

xelosnoba raWa-leCxumSi

ra uwyobda xels raWa-leCxumSi

xelosnobis dargebis ganviTarebas?

leqsikoni

metalurgia _ berZn.

sityvasityviT niSnavs

movipoveb madans, vamuSaveb

metals.

dora _ qvevriseburi

an kokiseburi Tixis

WurWeli, mouWiqavi.

ixmareboda wylis,

marcvleulis, mwnilisa

da sxv. Sesanaxad.

duro _ saTofuri.

davaleba

1. aRwere, wyaro 1-is

daxmarebiT, rogor

saxlebs aSenebdnen

raWvelebi.

2. ivaraude, ratom iyo

es saxlebi maRali

da ratom hqonda maT

saTofurebi.


kidev romel

mxareSi iyo raWulis

msgavsi sacxovrisebi.

4. axseni, ratom ganvi-

Tarda metalurgia

ra W aSi?

5. rogor fiqrob, Sesa

Zlebelia Tu ara

Tanamedrove pirobeb-

Si rk i nis gamodnoba

da misgan nivTebis

gakeTeba primitiul

samWedloSi, rogorc

es Zvelad iyo (wyaro

2)? ratom aRar

akeTeben amas dRes?

pasuxi daasabuTe.

raWa-leCxumSi xelosnobis mravali dargi iyo ganviTarebuli.

raWveli kalatozebi, durglebi, qvis

dammuSaveblebi cnobili xelosnebi iyvnen. jer kidev

XI saukuneSi aSenebdnen or-samsarTulian saxlebs, romlis

qveda sarTuli qviTkiris, xolo zeda, ZiriTadad,

xisgan keTdeboda.

wyaro 1. 1888 wlis gazeT ìveriis~ statia raWvelebis

saxlebze

uwerlebs (raWa) `saxlebi qvitkiris, oTxkuTxa maRali

da didi aqvT... TiToeuli Zveli saxli samsarTuliania,

qvemo sarTulze pirutyvi hyavT, meore sarTulze

TviTonve cxovroben, mesame carielia. Zvel droSi zemo

sarTuls didi mniSvneloba hqonda. am sarTuls gverdze

aqvs patara sarkmelebi saTofurebi... rodesac mteri

esxmoda sofels, mcxovrebni adiodnen mesame sarTulze

da iqidan mas pasuxs scemdnen. zogierTi saxlidan miwaSi

gayvanilia xvreli... da Tu saWiroeba moiTxovda mcxovrebni

iqidan ixiznebodnen~.

bunebrivi resursebis, kerZod, rkinis arsebobam xeli

Seuwyo raWaSi metalurgiis ganviTarebas. sofeli wedisi

ara mxolod rkinis madnis mopovebiT, aramed rkinis

iaraRis damzadebiTac iyo cnobili. wediselebi rkinis

madans amtvrevdnen, Semdeg gamoadnobdnen da miRebuli

rkinisgan nals, namgals, najaxs, saxniss, jaWvs akeTebdnen.

1820 wlisaTvis wedisSi rkinis sadnobi 20 qura

idga. jer kidev XI saukuneSi rkinis sameurneo iaraRs

raWvelebi imereTSi sxvadasxva produqtze cvlidnen.

wyaro 2. Zveli samWedlo

ZiriTadi xeloba raWaSi mainc durgloba iyo. mTeli

samegrelos, guriisa da qvemo imereTis odebi am durglebis

aSenebulia.


wyaro 3. Tixis WurWliT vaWroba

leCxumis ramdenime sofelSi Tixis TeTr Wur-

Wels amzadebdnen. gamomwvar WurWels Tixis xsnar-

Si avlebdnen, ris Semdegac is TeTri feris xdeboda.

WurWlis gamosawvavi qura 30 qvevrs, 100 doras,

100 doqs itevda. leCxumSi keramikis warmoeba ori

ZiriTadi saxiT iyo warmodgenili: meqvevreoba da

meWurWleoba. meqvevreobas Tu mxolod mamakacebi

misdevdnen, meWurWleobaSi mamakacebTan erTad qalebic

iyvnen CarTuli. meTuneebs leCxumSi `miwis

moxeleebs~ uwodebdnen.

cnobili iyvnen leCxumeli qvis mTlelebi da

kalatozebi. aSenebdnen cixe-koSkebs, romelTagan

dRes araerTia SemorCenili.

leCxumelebi cnobili xis ostatebi iyvnen. Zvelad

leCxumSi xidebis asaSeneblad vazsac iyenebdnen.

wyaldidoba qvisa da xis xidebs xSirad angrevda,

xolo vazisagan dawnul da gabmul xidebs didi

wyali zians ver ayenebda. vazis xidebs, Cveulebriv,

vazisave saxelurebi hqonda. aseTma xidebma Cvenamde

ver moaRwia.

leCxumSi oqromWedlobac iyo ganviTarebuli.

wyaro 4. muris cixis nangrevebi cagerTan

wyaro 5. duroiani saxli

davaleba

6. rogor fiqrob, raWa-leCxumis sazogadoebaSi qalis ra adgilze miuTiTebs misi aqtiuri

monawileoba sameurneo saqmianobaSi.

7. gadaxaze da Seavse rveulSi cxrili: qalis da kacis roli raWa-leCxumis meurneobaSi.

ivaraude, ra rolis TamaSi SeuZlia qals cxrilSi miTiTebul meurneobis dargebSi.

qali

kaci

mevenaxeoba meTuneoba miwaTmoqmedeba mesaqonleoba

8. Seni azriT, ratom uwodebdnen meTuneebs `miwis moxeleebs~.

9. moiZie informacia leCxumSi SemorCenil cixe-koSkebze. SearCie erT-erTi. prezentaciis

momzadebisas, gaamxvile yuradReba: rodis aSenda, sad mdebareobs, dakav-

Sirebulia Tu ara masTan romelime miTi an legenda, dRes ra mdgomareobaSia da

ra RonisZiebebis gatarebaa saWiro maT aRsadgenad. warudgine PPT-Si momzadebuli

prezentacia klass.

10. moifiqreT reklama, romliTac leCxumSi Casul turistebs misi naxviT daainteresebT.

raWa-leCxumi

93

5.4

raWa-leCxumis mosaxleobis cxovrebis stili

ratom dadioda raWa-leCxumis mosaxleoba garesamuSaoebze?

mciremiwianobis gamo raWis mosaxleobisTvis tradiciuli

iyo garesamuSaoze siaruli, rasac `mosagebSi~

wasvlas uwodebdnen. garesamuSaoze raWveli glexebi

gvian Semodgomaze midiodnen da gazafxulze, miwis samuSaoebis

dawyebis droisaTvis brundebodnen.

wyaro 1. XX saukunis dasawyisis avtori

garesamuSaoebze wasul raWvelebze

raWis mcxovrebTa umravlesoba `sul gareT aris

sxvadasxva kuTxeSi gadaxvewili: zogi mepured, zogi

mezvred, mebaRe-mebostned, zogi menaxSired, ... muSad,

mzareulad, xuro-durglad, mxerxavad, vaWrad da vin

CamoTvlis, ra da ra xelobas ar misdevs raWveli~.

`yvelaze swrafebi

msoflioSi~

raWvelebs xumrobiT

uwodeben yvelaze

swrafebs msoflio-

Si. es Sefaseba maTze

gadaRebuli amave

saxelwodebis filmis

Semdeg gaCnda. sinamdvileSi,

raWvelebi

cnobilebi arian rogorc

mSvidi bunebis,

auCqarebeli, dinji

adamianebi. am Tvisebebis

gamo maTze araerTi

xumroba

arsebobs.

wyaro 2. xalxuri leqsi garesamuSaoze

wasul raWvelebze

`gamcilda wuTisofeli, codviT aivso qveyana.

imereTsa da raWaSi, miTxar, riT unda mexara?

xidiskarszemoT mcxovrebni sul umamulo Segvyara.

ara gvaqvs barad saxnavi, arca saTibi mTaSia;

ise gaivlis zamTari, or kacs ver naxav saxlSia.

zamTar midian Cerqezsa, gazafxul _ zemo qarTlSia~.

davaleba

1. naxeT filmi `yvelaze

swrafebi msoflioSi~

da gaarCieT

klasSi.

wyaro 3. imereTSi garesamuSaoze wasuli

raWvelebi, XIX saukunis meore naxevari


leCxumelebic dadiodnen garesamuSaoebze, ZiriTadad,

aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi. bevri maTgani mevenaxe-mezvred

muSaobda. isini mTeli savenaxe samuSaoebis

sezons, rTvelis CaTvliT, ojaxs iyvnen mowyvetilni.

zogjer maT mTeli ojaxi Tan mihyavdaT da samudamod

iq rCebodnen. amgvarad, raWa da leCxumi iseve, rogorc

dasavleT saqar Tvelos sxva istoriul-eTnografiuli

mxareebi, aRmosavleT saqarTvelos drodadro mosaxleobiTac

avsebda. qarTlSi dRes bevria iseTi gvari,

romlebsac raWuli da leCxumuri warmomavloba aqvs.

samagierod, raWa mosaxleobisgan icleboda. amis erTerTi

mizezi miwisZvrebia. gansakuTrebiT Zlieri iyo

1991 wlis miwisZvra, ramac mosaxleoba mniSvnelovnad

daazarala.

wyaro 5. Wianuri

wyaro 4. ilia WavWavaZe raWis problemasa da raWvelebze

`Tu es samudamo mizezi ar moispo, gadasaxleba ra-

Widan im zomamde miaRwevs, rom bolos didad sazrunavi

sagani Seiqmneba mTavrobisa da sazogadoebisaTvis.

Cvenis fiqriT, RonisZieba aris saWiro am mxriv

eSvelos raime... es miT ufro sasurvelia, rom raWveli

TavSenaxuli, Sromismoyvare, frTxili, damzogveli,

gonierad xelmoWerili da xelRonieri kacia da

am TvisebebiT bevrs CvenSi aRemateba. metad sananuri

iqneba, Tu es Rirseuli da sayvareli xalxi Cvens

qveyanaSi ver moTavsdes, Cven gamogvakldes da sxvagan

dabinavdes~.

raWveli musikosebic ki dadiodnen erTi adgilidan

meoreSi. bolo dromde raWa-leCxumSi ori musikaluri

instrumenti iyo SemorCenili: Wianuri da gudastviri.

Wianuri simebiani sakravia. is ufro mTis raWas SemorCa.

mas ukravdnen qorwilSi, dReobebze.

saqarTveloSi Zvelad cnobili iyvnen raWveli moxetiale

mestvireebi, romlebic saqarTvelos yvela mxare-

Si daiarebodnen. gudastvirze amRerebdnen epikur, lirikul

da saxumaro leqsebs. mestvireebi `berikaobis~

monawileebic iyvnen.

wyaro 6. gudastviri

wyaro 7. mestvire

davaleba

2. ratom uwodebdnen raWvelebi garesamuSao ze siaruls `mosagebSi~ wasvlas?

3. CamoTvale, wyaro 1-is daxmarebiT, ra saqmianobiT iyvnen dakavebuli saqarTvelos

sxvadasxva mxareSi garesamuSaoebze wasuli raWa-leCxumelebi.

4. ra iyo, wyaro 2-is mixedviT, raWa-leCxumis mosaxleobis garesamuSaoebze wasvlis

mizezebi? dRes iq migraciis ra mizezebia?

5. ra uwyobda xels raWvelebisa da leCxumelebis migracias aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi?

ra Sedegi mohyva am process aRmosavleT saqarTvelosTvis da raWisTvis?

6. ganixileT wyaro 4: a) rogor fiqrob, ras gulisxmobs ilia `samudamo mizezSi~.

b) rogor axasiaTebs ilia raWvelebs? ra problema aRelvebs mas?

raWa-leCxumi

95

5.5

raWvelebi – qarTveli movaWreebi

ra Sedegebi mohyva raWvelebis vaWrobas CrdiloeT kavkasielebTan?

CrdiloeT kavkasiaSi

saqarTvelos istoriul-eTnografiuli mxareebis

mkvid rTa Soris vaWroba yvelaze metad mTis raWvel-

Ta Soris ganviTarda, romlebic, ZiriTadad, saqonliT

vaWrobdnen. zamTris moaxloebisas, sazamTro sakvebis

simciris gamo, glexi ialaRze nasuq pirutyvs mogebiT

yidda, samagierod, gazafxulze amave fuliT nazamTr

saqonels iafad yidulobda.

wyaro 1. mamisonis uReltexili _ gza, romliTac

raWvelebi CrdiloeT kavkasiaSi dadiodnen

davaleba

1. daasaxele, saqarTvelos

fizikuri rukis


romeli uReltexiliT

gadadiodnen

raWvelebi CrdiloeT

kavkasiaSi?

raWvelebs, agreTve, CrdiloeT kavkasiidan saqonlis

jogebi gadmohyavdaT da onSi mogebiT yiddnen. isini

CrdiloeT kavkasiaSi fizikuradac Sromobdnen da Sinauri

pirutyviTac vaWrobdnen. garda amisa, wvrilmani

saqoneli mihqondaT, romelsac yiddnen an iqaur nabadze,

matylze, Salze, tyavze cvlidnen.

radgan aseTi vaWrebis mTavari saqmianoba soflis

meurneoba iyo da, amasTan erTad, wvrilman vaWrobasac

eweodnen, maT `mewvrilmaneebsa~ da `glexvaWrebs~ uwodebdnen.

vaWrebs, romlebic CrdiloeT kavkasiaSi qsovilis

savaWro duqnebs xsnidnen da wlobiT col-Svils

mowyvetilni iq mudmivad vaWrobdnen, `didvaWrebs~ an

`meduqneebs~ eZaxdnen. iyvnen e.w. meruseTeebic, romlebic

ruseTis qalaqebisa da dabebis rkinigzis sadgurebSi

mebufeteebad, mzareulebad da mimtanebad muSaobdnen.


wyaro 2. vladikavkazi, oseTis mTavari qalaqi, XIX s., sadac

im droisTvis qarTvelTa (raWvelTa da moxeveTa) diaspora iyo.

raWvelebs gansakuTrebuli urTierToba hqondaT

Crdi lokavkasiel mTielebTan, kerZod, osebTan. es ur-

TierToba mtrulic iyo da moyvrulic. isini erTmaneTs

Svilebs aRsazrdelad ugzavnidnen, raTa mezobelTa ena

da wes-Cveuleba eswavlaT. es maT erTmaneTTan urTier-

Tobas uadvilebda. am wes-Cveulebas raWvelebi `kerZmokeTeobas~

uwodebdnen. savaWro da kerZmokeTeobiTi

urTierTobis gamo bevri raWveli sacxovreblad CrdiloeT

kavkasiaSi darCa.

leqsikoni

diaspora _ (Zv.berZ.

`gabnevas~ niSnavs).

eTnikuri umciresobis

jgufi, romelic

gadasaxlda, cxovrobs

da moRvaweobs

mimReb qveyanaSi.

davaleba

2. riT vaWrobdnen raWvlebi CrdiloeT kavkasieleb-

Tan?

3. Seni azriT, ratom gaaCaRes raWvelebma aqtiuri

vaWroba CrdiloeT kavkasielebTan.

4. rogori urTierToba hqondaT raWvelebs osebTan?

5. Seni azriT, ra aris aucilebeli imisTvis, rom mezobelTan

mSvidobiani, keTili urTierToba damyardes.

ras akeTebdnen amisTvis raWvelebi da

osebi?

6. moifiqre, raWvelebisa da osebis urTierTobis magaliTis

gaTvaliswinebiT, rogor SeiZleba erTmane-

Tis mimarT arakeTilganwyobili xalxebis Serigeba.

7. Sen risi gakeTeba SegiZlia amisTvis?

raWa-leCxumi

97

5.6

XIX saukunis bolos qarTvelma ebraelebma onSi

didi sinagoga aaSenes. XX saukunis meore naxevridan

saqarTveloSi mcxovrebma ebraelebma TavianTi winaprebis

samSobloSi _ israelSi daiwyes dabruneba. am procesSi

onisa da lailaSis ebrauli mosaxleobac CaerTo

da dRes maTi didi nawili saqarTveloSi aRar cxovebraelebi

da somxebi raWa-leCxumSi

vin cxovrobda raWa-leCxumSi qarTvelebis garda?

raWasa da leCxumSi istoriulad mxolod qarTvelebi

ar cxovrobdnen. marTalia, mcire raodenobiT, magram

iq ebraelebi da somxebic iyvnen. raWaSi ebraelTa

gansaxlebis adgili iyo oni, leCxumSi ki sofeli lailaSi.

iqve qarTvel kaTolikeTa ramdenime ojaxic cxovrobda.

raWa-leCxumSi mcxovrebi ebraelebi da somxebi,

soflis meurneobasTan erTad, vaWrobasa da xelosnobasac

misdevdnen. Sua saukuneebSi leCxumis savaWro

centri (mcire qalaqi) lailaSi iyo. XIX saukunis 80-ian

wlebSi savaWro duqnebi cagerSic gaCnda. lailaSis vaWroba

qarTveli ebraelebis, qarTulenovani somxebisa

da monofiziti qarTvelebis xelSi iyo. lailaSel ebraelebs

paraskevs da kviras cnobili bazroba hqondaT

gamarTuli. maT aseve soflebSic dahqondaT saqoneli.

aseT vaWrebs `mesofle ebraelebs~ uwodebdnen.

davaleba

1. rogor fiqrob,

ratom cxovrobdnen

raWa-leCxumSi sxvadasxva

erovnebis

warmomadgenlebi.

CamoTvale, ra pirobebi

unda iyos

amisTvis.


romel mxareebSi

cxovroben kidev ebraelebi

da somxebi?

3. ra iyo ebraelebisa

da somxebis tradiciuli

saqmianoba

raWa-leCxumSi?

4. ras niSnavs `mesofle

ebraeli~?

wyaro 1. onis xedi


robs. miuxedavad amisa, siyvaruli saqarTvelosadmi ar

ganelebiaT. isini masTan kavSirs ar kargaven da qarTul

enas inarCuneben. maT `qarTvel ebraelebs~ uwodeben.

leqsikoni

sinagoga _ ebraelTa

salocavi taZari.

onis sinagogis

istoria

onSi sinagoga 1895

wels aages. mis mSeneblobaSi

qarTvelebic

monawileobdnen.

1927 wels mTavrobam

misi iseve, rogorc

qristia nuli taZrebis

didi nawilis, dangrevisa

da daketvis

brZaneba gasca. sinagogis

dasacavad masSi

30-mde meZuZuri qali

bavSvebTan erTad Caiketa,

rom dangrevisgan

exsna. maT Soris

qarTvelebic

iyvnen.

wyaro 2. onis sinagoga, saqarTvelos kulturuli

memkvidreobis Zegli

xalxuri mkurnalobis xerxebi raWaSi

saqarTveloSi xalxuri mkurnalobis sxvada sxva

xerxi hqondaT. magaliTad, raWaSi qoleras WinWriT

mkurnalobdnen: 1910 wels qolera gavrcelda. mosaxleobam

sameulebi gamoyo, romlebic WinWriT iyvnen

momaragebuli. gaatitvlebdnen avadmyofs da WinWriT

susxavdnen. avadmyofs tanze buStukebi uCndeboda.

aseTi mkurnalobiT sikvdils bevri gadaurCa.

davaleba

5. Seni azriT, riT

SeiZleba aixsnas

`qarTveli ebraelebis~

damokidebuleba

saqarTvelosadmi.

6. gaixsene, romel

istoriul-eTnografiul

mxareebSi

cxovrobdnen kidev

kaTolike qarTvelebi?

ZiriTadad, ra

saqmianobiT iyvnen

isini dakavebuli?

7. Seafase qarTvelebisa

da ebraelebis

Tanacxovreba onSi.

raze metyvelebs

qarTvelebis monawileoba

sinagogis

mSeneblobasa da mis

gadarCenaSi.

raWa-leCxumi

99


raWaSi gareuli

cxovelebi arian?

nu geSinia,

me aq var

raWis geografiuli mdebareobidan

da bunebrivi pirobebidan

gamomdinare, am ulamazes istoriul-eTnografiul

mxareSi ekoturizmis

ganviTarebis kargi SesaZleblobebia.

ekoturizmi turizmis

erT-erTi mimarTulebaa, romlis

drosac damsveneblebi velur bunebaSi

yofnas aniWeben upiratesobas

da cdiloben garemos rac SeiZleba

naklebi ziani miayenon.

wyaro 1. turistebi raWaSi

1. rogor fiqrob, ratom aris SesaZlebeli

raWaSi ekoturizmis

ganviTareba?

2. dagegme, rukis daxmarebiT (gv.

86-87) ramdenime turistuli

marSruti raWis tyeebSi.

dRes, saqarTveloSi da msoflioSi yoveldRiurad

ufrodaufro popularuli

da moTxovnadi xdeba bio produqtebi. soflis

meurneobaSi bioproduqtebi niSnavs

iseTi saxis produqtebs, romelTa daTesvisa

da moyvanis dros ar aris gamoyenebuli

qimiuri niv Tierebebi, magaliTad, qimiuri

sasuqebi da Sesawamli saSualebebi (pesticidebi).

wyaro 2. sasoflo-sameurneo produqtebi

leqsikoni

bio, eko, organuli

produqti erTi da

igivea da aRniSnavs

ekologiurad sufTa

produqts, rodesac

misi warmoebisas ar

gamoiyeneba Sxamqimikatebi,

janmrTelobisaTvis

mavne

nivTierebebi (igive

konservantebi).

3. rogor fiqrob, SesaZlebelia Tu ara raWaSi bioproduqtebis

warmoeba. pasuxi daasabuTe. manamde ki:

● Seagrove informacia sxvadasxva gziT (interneti,

gamokiTxva), aris Tu ara raWa-leCxumis teritoriaze

raime iseTi qarxana an sawarmo, romelic mniSvnelovnad

abinZurebs garemos da SeuZlebels xdis

soflis meurneobaSi bioproduqtebis warmoebas.

warsulSi saqarTveloSi raWa-leCxumis istoriuleTnografiuli

mxare loris warmoebiT iyo ganTqmuli. am

mxareSi damzadebuli lori gasayidad sxva qveynebSic (ruseTi)

ki gahqondaT.

4. daadgine, gamokiTxvisa da internetis meSveobiT, kidev

amzadeben Tu ara raWaSi lors. Tu amzadeben, sad?

5. gaarkvie, loris garda, mesaqonleobis kidev ra produqtebis

warmoeba aris SesaZlebeli raWa-leCxumSi.

ჩვენი საქართველო, მოსწავლის წიგნი, მე-6 კლასი, 1-ლი ნაწილი

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