ჩვენი საქართველო, მე-5 კლასი, მოსწავლის წიგნი, 1-ლი ნაწილი

roland TofCiSvili, elene meZmariaSvili,

nodar elizbaraSvili, giorgi avTandilaSvili

Cveni

saqarTvelo

moswavlis wigni

pirveli nawili



Cveni

5

saqarTvelo

moswavlis wigni

pirveli nawili

grifminiWebulia saqarTvelos ganaTlebis, mecnierebis,

kulturisa da sportis saministros mier 2018 wels

gamomcemloba `klio~



Cveni saqarTvelo, V klasi, pirveli nawili

moswavlis wigni

seriis redaqtori

elene meZmariaSvili

mxatvari ivane yifSiZe

rukebi

zurab laoSvili

kompiuteruli uzrunvelyofa

mamuka lolaZe

nana esarTia

ydis dizaini

elene varamaSvili

© gamomcemloba `klio~, 2018

© roland TofCiSvili, elene meZmariaSvili,

nodar elizbaraSvili, giorgi avTandilaSvili, 2018

meore gamocema – 2019 weli

yvela ufleba daculia

ISBN 978-9941-481-06-2 (orive nawilis)

ISBN 978-9941-481-07-9 (pirveli nawilis)

Sps `gamomcemloba klio~

aRmaSeneblis gamz. #181-2,

Tbilisi, 0112

tel.: (+995 32) 234 04 30

E-mail: book@klio.ge

www.klio.ge

Sinaarsi

gakveTilis struqtura........................................................................ 4

saqarTvelos fizikuri ruka............................................................... 6

saqarTvelos istoriul-eTnografiuli mxareebis ruka.................. 8

Sesavali................................................................................................... 10

1. viqtorina `Cveni saqarTvelo~........................................................ 11

2. ra gvexmareba Cveni samSoblos mxareebis SeswavlaSi................... 12

3. ruka.................................................................................................... 14

4. horizontis mxareeebi...................................................................... 16

5. adgilis gegma ...................................................................................18

6. movlenebis droSi gansazRvra......................................................... 20

7. welTaRricxva................................................................................... 22

rogor vikvlioT ................................................................................. 24

kari 1

qarTli.......................................................................................................26

1.1. qarTli _ saqarTvelos geografiuli centri............................ 28

1.2. qarTli _ saqarTvelos politikuri centri.............................. 30

1.3. qarTli da misi mezobeli mxareebi.............................................. 32

1.4. qarTlis cixe-simagreebi............................................................... 34

1.5. mravalerovani qarTli.................................................................. 36

1.6. dasaxlebis tipebi qarTlSi.......................................................... 40

1.7. meurneobis dargebi qarTlSi....................................................... 42

1.8. urTierTdaxmarebis tradicia...................................................... 45

ra vici da ra SemiZlia ...................................................................... 48

kari 2

imereTi..................................................................................................... 50

2.1. imereTis mdebareoba da buneba................................................... 52

2.2. dasaxlebis tipebi imereTSi.......................................................... 56

2.3. imerelTa sameurneo saqmianoba.................................................... 59

2.4. kulturis Zeglebi imereTSi........................................................ 62

2.5. yoveldRiuri cxovreba imereTSi................................................ 64

2.6. imereTis qalaqebi.......................................................................... 66

ra vici da ra SemiZlia......................................................................... 68

3

gakveTilis struqtura

sakvanZo

kiTxva

Tavi da

saTauri

sakvanZo

sityvebi

leqsikoni

1

ra gvexmareba Cveni samSoblos mxareebis SeswavlaSi

mecnierebis romeli dargi da rogor swavlobs

Cveni samSoblos mxareebs?

wyaro 1. herodote

msof lioSi pirvel

istorikosad iTvleba

leqsikoni

istoria _ ZvelberZnuli

sityvaa da Txrobas

niSnavs.

mematiane _ istoriuli

movlenebis werilobiT

gadmomcemi. Zvelad

istorikoss ase

erqva.

arqeologia berZnuli

sityvaa. àrqaos~

Zvels niSnavs, `logos~

_ moZRvrebas.

xalxisa da qveynis warsulis Sesaswavlad mecnierebi

sxvadasxva saSualebas iyeneben. upirvelesad, es aris

werilobiTi wyaroebi. xangrZlivi istoriis manZilze,

mas Semdeg, rac adamianebma damwerloba Seqmnes, mematianeebi

aRwerdnen momxdar faqtebs. adamianebi mogzaurobdnen

da aseve aRwerdnen maTgan gansxvavebuli

kulturisa da tradiciis mqone xalxebs; afiqsirebdnen

adamianTa jgufebis mier sacxovrebeli adgilis Secvlas,

anu migracias, saxelmwifoebis warmoqmnas, omebs,

xalxTa Soris urTierTobis sxva formebs; rogori samosi,

sacxovrebeli, sakvebi, satransporto saSualebebi

hqondaT maTTvis ucnob Tu nacnob xalxebs. mematianeTa

mier dafiqsirebul yvela am da sxva movlenas istorikosebi

swavloben. ase rom, istoria adamianis, xalxebisa

da qveynebis warsulis Semswavleli mecnierebaa.

warsulis SeswavlaSi gvexmareba arqeologiac, romelic

mecnierulad swavlobs miwisqveS arsebuli Zveli

kulturis naSTebs.

wyaro 2. arqeologiuri samuSaoebi ZuZuanas mRvimeSi.

imereTi

davaleba

1. ras swavlobs istoria?

2. ras swavlobs arqeologia?

warsuli cxovrebis SeswavlaSi Zalian didi wvlili

Seaqvs eTnografias. istoriisa da arqeologiisgan gansxvavebiT,

igi Tanamedroveobasac Seiswavlis. eTnografiis

interesis sagania sxvadasxva xalxis warmomavloba,

maT mier Seqmnili tradiciebi, wesCveulebebi, cxovrebis

wesi. igi swavlobs xalxis cxovrebasTan dakavSirebul

yvela problemas rogorc warsulSi, aseve awmyo

Si. Tu arqeologi kulturis warsul naSTebs miwisqveS

eZebs, eTnografi am kulturis movlenebs xalxSi moipovebs.

Cveni samSoblos SecnobaSi gvexmareba geografiac.

geografia Seiswavlis dedamiwisa da misi calkeuli

nawilebis, qveynebis bunebas, mosaxleobas, meurneobas,

maT teritoriul ganlagebasa da Taviseburebebs. Cveni

samSoblos warsuli da kultura, istoriuleTnografiul

mxareTa Taviseburebebi bunebrivgeografiuli

faqtorebiTac aris ganpirobebuli. Sesabamisad, istoria,

eTnografia, geografia erTmaneTTan mWidrod aris

dakavSirebuli.

davaleba

3. ras swavlobs eTnografia? Seni azriT, rogor dagexmareba

igi Seni mxaris SeswavlaSi.

4. ra aris geografia da ras swavlobs igi?

5. moiZie suraTi, foto da nebismieri ram, romelic

aRwers a) Seni mxaris bunebas; b) Seni mxarisTvis

damaxasiaTebel cxovrebis wess.

uZvelesi Zafi da Tafli

dedamiwis istoriaSi yvelaze

Zveli Zafi saqarTvelos teritoriaze

aRmoaCines. qarTvelma arqeologebma

dasavleT saqarTveloSi,

imereTSi, ZuZuanas gamoqvabulSi miakvlies

Zveli Zafis nimuSs. rodesac

mec nierulad Seiswavles, aRmoCnda,

rom igi daax loebiT 34 aTasi wlis

win mcenare selisgan iyo damzadebuli.

aseve saqarTveloSi, borjomis

raionSi, arqeologiuri gaTxrebis

dros, mec nierebma yvelaze Zvel

Tafls miakvlies. savaraudod, Tixis

WurWeli 5500 wlis winandelia

da masSi Tafli inaxeboda.

wyaro 3. uZvelesi Tafli

leqsikoni

eTnografia Zvelber

Znuli sityvaa. èTnos~

xalxs niSnavs,

`grafos~ _ aRweras.

geografia berZnuli

sityvaa. safuZvlad

udevs `ge/gea~,

rac dedamiwas da

`grafo~ _ aRwe ras

niSnavs.

12 Cveni saqarTvelo 5

Sesavali

13

istoriis furclebi

wyaros saxiT

mocemuli

ilustracia

kiTxvebi da

davalebebi

rubrika

miTebi da legendebi

saintereso informacia

pirovneba istoriaSi


winasiwtyvaoba

am saxelmZRvaneloTi Sen axali sagnis _ `Cveni saqarTvelo~ Seswavlas iwyeb.

igi dagexmareba sakuTari qveynis gacnobaSi; gagiRvivebs cnobismoyvareobas

misi warsulisa da Tanamedroveobis mimarT; gaigeb, sad mdebareobs Seni

qveyana; aRmoaCen mis eTnikur, kulturul Tu religiur mravalferovnebas,

mis unikalur bunebas; gaigeb, riT da rogor gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisgan

saqarTvelos mxareebi da mixvdebi, rom es mravalferovneba Cveni samSoblos

simdidrea; darwmundebi, rom yvela mxares wvlili miuZRvis erTiani saxelmwifos

mSeneblobaSi.

gaacnobiereb, rom aq mcxovrebi yvela adamiani, maT Soris, Senc da Seni

Tanatolebic saqarTvelos moqalaqeebi xarT; mixvdebi, rom ara marto sakuTar

mxaresa da, zogadad, mTel qveyanaze unda izruno, aramed TviTonac Seqmna misi

momavali. amisTvis ki, saqarTvelos kargad unda icnobde.

avtorTa koleqtivi

5

saqarTvelos fizikuri ruka

fsou

43°

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riwis tba

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saqarTvelos istoriul-eTnografiuli mxareebis ruka

saqarTvelos istoriul-eTnografiuli

a f

r

x a

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dalis

(kodoris xeoba)

svaneTi

T i

zemo svaneTi

s f

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T i

samurzayano

s a m e g r e l o

s v a n

e T

qvemo svaneTi

i

leCxumi

r a W a

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raWa

zemo

raWa

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T

WaneTi (lazeTi)

u

g u

i m i e r

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a m i e r

t a o

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(vake)

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e r u S

a r t a a

kola

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okriba

s a m c x e

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n i

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zemo

imereTi

palakacio

Tori

javax

t a o


uli mxareebi

cifrebiT aRniSnulia:

emo

aWa

a

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eTi

i

f e d e

3

dvaleTi

4 1

q a

r

2

x e v i

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qarTli

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TuSeTi

Sida

kaxeTi

a

c i

gaRma

kaxeTi

k a x e T i

1 - maRran-dvaleTi

2 - Truso

3 - mTis raWa

4 - kudaro

5 - xando

6 - WarTalo

7 - gudamayari

8 - Tbilisi

a

ori

avaxeTi

TrialeTi

T l

8

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qarTli

s o m x e T i

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qiziyi

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(saingilo)

i

j

i

n

a

saxelmwifo sazRvari

sazRvari istoriul-eTnografiul mxareebs Soris

zRvis sanapiro

masStabi 1: 2 400 000

9

Sesavali

SesavalSi gaigeb, Tu ra dagexmareba Seni qveynis Seswav laSi. sad

mdebareobs saqarTvelo; ra aris qronologia da ras niSnavs drois

xazi, ra aris ruka, rogor unda „waikiTxo“ is da rogor daitano

masze saWiro informacia; ra gavlenas axdens saqarTvelos geografiuli

mdebareoba mis bunebriv pirobebsa da ganviTarebaze; ratom

daiyo igi istoriul-eTnografiul mxareebad; gaarkvev, rogor SegiZlia

Seni mxaris ukeT Seswavla; ramdenad mravalferovania wyaroebi,

romelic amaSi dagexmareba.


viqtorina ``Cveni saqarTvelo~

warmoidgine, rom saqarTveloSi tardeba moswavle-

Ta festivali deviziT `me da Cemi qveyana~. monawileobis

misaRebad saWiroa mocemuli anketis Sevseba.

1. gadaxaze anketa rveulSi da Seavse nimuSis mixedviT.

saxeli

ana

gvari

giorgaZe

Seni misamarTi:

quCa/ubani/daba/sofeli

al.WavWavaZis 11

qalaqi/daba/sofeli

q. Tbilisi

mxare, sadac mdebareobs

Seni qalaqi/sofeli

qarTli

dawere sami yvelaze

RirsSesaniSnavi ram,

rac ici Sens mxareze/

qveynaze

1. botanikuri baRi

2. birTvisis cixe

3. Savi zRva

2. SeajereT Tqveni anketebi da gamoavlineT, romelma Rirs-

SesaniSnaobam `miiRo~ yvelaze meti xma; moipoveT informacia

am RirsSesaniSnaobis Sesaxeb, moamzadeT is saprezentaciod

da warudgineT Tqveni namuSevrebi klass; moawyeT

Tqveni namuSevrebis gamofena.

11

1ra gvexmareba Cveni samSoblos mxareebis SeswavlaSi

mecnierebis romeli dargi da rogor swavlobs

Cveni samSoblos mxareebs?

wyaro 1. herodote

msof lioSi pirvel

istorikosad iTvleba

xalxisa da qveynis warsulis Sesaswavlad mecnierebi

sxvadasxva saSualebas iyeneben. upirvelesad, es aris

werilobiTi wyaroebi. xangrZlivi istoriis manZilze,

mas Semdeg, rac adamianebma damwerloba Seqmnes, mematianeebi

aRwerdnen momxdar faqtebs. adamianebi mogzaurobdnen

da aseve aRwerdnen maTgan gansxvavebuli

kulturisa da tradiciis mqone xalxebs; afiqsirebdnen

adamianTa jgufebis mier sacxovrebeli adgilis Secvlas,

anu migracias, saxelmwifoebis warmoqmnas, omebs,

xalxTa Soris urTierTobis sxva formebs; rogori samosi,

sacxovrebeli, sakvebi, satransporto saSualebebi

hqondaT maTTvis ucnob Tu nacnob xalxebs. mematianeTa

mier dafiqsirebul yvela am da sxva movlenas istorikosebi

swavloben. ase rom, istoria adamianis, xalxebisa

da qveynebis warsulis Semswavleli mecnierebaa.

warsulis SeswavlaSi gvexmareba arqeologiac, romelic

mecnierulad swavlobs miwisqveS arsebuli Zveli

kulturis naSTebs.

leqsikoni

istoria _ ZvelberZnuli

sityvaa da Txrobas

niSnavs.

mematiane _ istoriuli

movlenebis werilobiT

gadmomcemi. Zvelad

istorikoss ase

erqva.

arqeologia berZnuli

sityvaa. àrqaos~

Zvels niSnavs, `logos~

_ moZRvrebas.

wyaro 2. arqeologiuri samuSaoebi ZuZuanas mRvimeSi.

imereTi

davaleba

1. ras swavlobs istoria?

2. ras swavlobs arqeologia?


warsuli cxovrebis SeswavlaSi Zalian didi wvlili

Seaqvs eTnografias. istoriisa da arqeologiisgan gansxvavebiT,

igi Tanamedroveobasac Seiswavlis. eTnografiis

interesis sagania sxvadasxva xalxis warmomavloba,

maT mier Seqmnili tradiciebi, wes-Cveulebebi, cxovrebis

wesi. igi swavlobs xalxis cxovrebasTan dakavSirebul

yvela problemas rogorc warsulSi, aseve awmyo-

Si. Tu arqeologi kulturis warsul naSTebs miwisqveS

eZebs, eTnografi am kulturis movlenebs xalxSi moipovebs.

Cveni samSoblos SecnobaSi gvexmareba geografiac.

geografia Seiswavlis dedamiwisa da misi calkeuli

nawilebis, qveynebis bunebas, mosaxleobas, meurneobas,

maT teritoriul ganlagebasa da Taviseburebebs. Cveni

samSoblos warsuli da kultura, istoriul-eTnografiul

mxareTa Taviseburebebi bunebriv-geografiuli

faqtorebiTac aris ganpirobebuli. Sesabamisad, istoria,

eTnografia, geografia erTmaneTTan mWidrod aris

dakavSirebuli.

leqsikoni

eTnografia Zvelber-

Znuli sityvaa. èTnos~

xalxs niSnavs,

`grafos~ _ aRweras.

geografia berZnuli

sityvaa. safuZvlad

udevs `ge/gea~,

rac dedamiwas da

`grafo~ _ aRwe ras

niSnavs.

davaleba

3. ras swavlobs eTnografia? Seni azriT, rogor dagexmareba

igi Seni mxaris SeswavlaSi.

4. ra aris geografia da ras swavlobs igi?

5. moiZie suraTi, foto da nebismieri ram, romelic

aRwers a) Seni mxaris bunebas; b) Seni mxarisTvis

damaxasiaTebel cxovrebis wess.

uZvelesi Zafi da Tafli

dedamiwis istoriaSi yvelaze Zveli

Zafi saqarTvelos teritoriaze

aRmoaCines. qarTvelma arqeologebma

dasavleT saqarTveloSi, imereTSi,

ZuZuanas gamoqvabulSi miakvlies

Zveli Zafis nimuSs. rodesac

mec nierulad Seiswavles, aRmoCnda,

rom igi daax loebiT 34 aTasi wlis

win mcenare selisgan iyo damzadebuli.

aseve saqarTveloSi, borjomis

raionSi, arqeologiuri gaTxrebis

dros, mec nierebma yvelaze Zvel

Tafls miakvlies. savaraudod, Tixis

WurWeli 5500 wlis winandelia

da masSi Tafli inaxeboda.

wyaro 3. uZvelesi Tafli

Sesavali

13

2

ruka

raze gviyveba ruka?

wyaro 1. msoflios erTerTi

uZvelesi ruka

Tvalis erTi gadavlebiT mTeli msoflios `monaxuleba~

mxolod globusisa da rukis meSveobiT aris

SesaZlebeli. rukebis Seqmnis istoria aTaswleulebs

iTvlis. msoflios uZvelesi ruka, romelmac Cvenamde

moaRwia, TiTqmis 2 aTasi wlisaa. igi Zvelma berZenma

geografebma Seqmnes.

rukis meSveobiT warmodgena gveqmneba dedamiwis

zedapiris an misi nawilis Sesaxeb. nebismieri teritoriis

rukaze gamosaxva mis Semcirebas moiTxovs. teritoriis

Sesamcireblad masStabi gamoiyeneba. igi sami

saxisaa: wvrili, saSualo da msxvili. rac ufro didia

teritoria, miT ufro metadaa saWiro misi dapataraveba

(dawvri leba). msxvilmasStabian rukebs adgilis gegmasac

uwodeben.

rukaze dedamiwis nebismieri geografiuli obieqtis

asaxva aris SesaZlebeli. amisaTvis pirobiT aRniSvnebs

iyeneben. magaliTad, mdinare lurji da klaknili xaziT

gamoisaxeba, tba da wyalsacavi _ lurji feriT, saxelmwifo

sazRvari _ wyvetili xaziT, eklesia _ jvris,

xolo sazRvao navsadguri _ Ruzis formis niSniT,

mwver vali _ samkuTxedis an wertilis meSvobiT da a.S.

pirobiTi aRniSvnebiT SesaZlebelia rukis `kiTxva~.

maT, teqstur ganmartebebTan erTad, rukis enas anu legendas

uwodeben. legenda rukis romelime Tavisufal

nawilSia (ZiriTadad qveda kuTxeSi) warmodgenili.

pirobiTi aRniSvnebi

g z e b i


avtomagistrali

sxvadasxva aRniSvnebi

1000 000-ze meti mcxovrebi

100 000-dan 500 000-mde

gzatkecili

rkinigza

mdinare

tba

50 000-dan 100 000-mde

sazRvao gza

simaRliTi niSnuli

10 000-dan 50 000-mde

sazRvrebi

10 000-ze naklebi

saxelmwifo

uReltexili

avtonomiuri respublikis

sazRvao porti

siRrmeebisa da simaRleebis skala metrobiT

wyaro 2. saqarTvelos wvrilmasStabiani ruka da legenda


rukis meSveobiT SesaZlebelia: geografiuli obieqtis

mdebareobisa da formis dadgena, manZilis gazomva,

farTobis gamoTvla, adgilis simaRlis gansazRvra da

sxv. SinaarsiT dakavSirebul rukebs erTad ajgufeben,

ris Sedegadac atlasi miiReba.

ruka geografiisa da istoriis Seswavlis erT-erTi

saSualebaa. igi, garda ganaTlebisa, mecnierebis sxvadasxva

dargSic gamoiyeneba. ruka Seucvlelia mogzaurobisas,

samxedro saqmeSi, soflis meurneobaSi da sxv.

ukve didi xania rukebis Sesadgenad kompiuters iyeneben.

maT cifrul (eleqtronul) rukebs uwodeben. maTze

obieqtebis moZebna gacilebiT advilia, raSic monacem-

Ta banki gvexmareba. Tanamedrove rukebis Sesadgenad

aero da kosmosur suraTebsac iyeneben.

wyaro 3. globusi

dedamiwis Semcirebuli

modelia

wyaro 4. Tbilisis gamosaxuleba cifrul rukaze

davaleba

1. ra aris saWiro didi teritoriis rukaze gamosaxvis-

Tvis?

2. ramdeni saxis aris masStabi?

3. ras iyeneben rukaze geografiuli obieqtebis gamosaxvis

mizniT?

4. rogor aris SerCeuli pirobiTi aRniSvnebi?

5. ras ewodeba rukis ena da sad aris is rukaze ganTavsebuli?

6. moiZie internetSi, wyaro 4-is magaliTiT, Seni mxaris

gamosaxuleba.

7. moiZie Seni mxaris gamosaxulebaze geog rafiuli

obieqtebi (mTa, mdinare, xeoba, wyalsatevi da sxv.).

gaarkvie, maswavleblisa da Tanaklaselebis daxmarebiT,

maTi saxelwodeba.

leqsikoni

ruka _ dedamiwis

zedapiris an misi

nawilis Semcirebuli

gamosaxuleba.

masStabi _ rukaze,

geg maze an globusze

namdvili

manZilis Semcirebis

sidide.

legenda _ rukaze

datanili pirobi-

Ti aRniSvnebisa da

maTi teqsturi ganmartebebis

erToblioba.

Sesavali

15

3

horizontis mxareebi

ra mniSvneloba aqvs horizontis mxareebis codnas?

dedamiwis zedapirze adamia nis xedvis areSi moqceul

sivrces horizonti ewodeba. swor adgilze adamiani

sagnebs 4.5-5 km-mde manZilze xedavs. rac ufro maRla

adis, ufro Sors xedavs. iq, sadac adamianis mxedvelobas

xels araferi uSlis Ria horizontia. am dros igi

ramdenime aTeul kilometrze xedavs mTebs Tu vakeebs,

qalaqebsa Tu sof lebs. samagierod xeobebSi, tyeSi,

Senoba-nageboebs Soris da sxva aseT adgilebSi horizonti

izRudeba da mas daxurul horizonts uwodeben.

horizonts oTxi ZiriTadi da amdenive SuaTana mxare

aqvs. horizontis ZiriTadi mxareebia: aRmosavle-

Ti, dasavleTi, samxreTi da CrdiloeTi. maT Sorisaa:

Crdilo-aRmosavleTi, Crdilo-dasavleTi, samxreTaRmosavleTi

da samxreT-dasavleTi.

C _ CrdiloeTi

s _ samxreTi

d _ dasavleTi

a _ aRmosavleTi

Cd _ Crdilo-dasavleTi

Ca _ Crdilo-aRmosavleTi

sd _ samxreT-dasavleTi

sa _ samxreT-aRmosavleTi

wyaro 1. horizontis mxareebi

leqsikoni

orientireba _ adgilze

horizontis mxareebis

dadgena.

CrdiloeT polusi _

dedamiwis ukiduresi

CrdiloeTi

nawili, romlis mimarT

dedamiwis sxva

nebis mieri nawili

samxreTis mimar-

Tulebisaa.

ucnob adgilze moxvedrisas adamians SeiZleba orientireba

(gagneba) gauWirdes. amisTvis saWiroa davakvirdeT

Cvens garemomcvel bunebas. yvelaze swrafad

horizontis mxareebs mzis meSveobiT davadgenT. mze

diliT aRmosavleTs gviCvenebs, SuadRisiT _ samxreTs,

xolo saRamoTi _ dasavleTs. SuadRisas mze, xolo SuaRamisas

mTvare dedamiwis zedapirze yvelaze mokle

Crdils warmoqmnis. am dros Crdili Crdiloe Tisken

aris mimarTuli. RamiT gagneba moxerxebulia polaruli

varskvlavis meSveobiTac. igi mudmivad àdgas Tavze~

CrdiloeT poluss.

davaleba

1. ra SemTxvevaSia horizonti daxuruli?

2. ramdeni mxare aqvs horizonts?

3. rogor ganvsazRvroT horizontis mxareebi mziT an

mTvariT?


horizontis mxareebze mcenareebic migvaniSnebs. magaliTad,

xavss Crdili da teni izidavs. is Zveli Senobebis,

didi lodebisa da xemcenareebis CrdiloeT nawilze

`saxlobs~. xemcenareebs qerqi ufro muqi da uxe-

Si CrdiloeTis mxridan aqvs. wvimis Semdeg xis qerqi

ufro swrafad samxreTidan Sreba. gancalkevebulad

mdgomi xis totebi CrdiloeTis mxares ufro moklea,

vidre samxreTis.

mTis ferdobebi kargad gviCvenebs horizontis mxareebs.

Tu erT ferdobze tyeebia, xolo mis mopirdapireze

_ mxolod balaxi, maSin tyiani ferdobebi CrdiloeTisken

yofila miqceuli.

wyaro 2. calke mdgomi xe

wyaro 3. md. aragvis xeoba. xevsureTi

horizontis mxareebze mwerebic migvaniSneben. magaliTad,

WianWvelebis budes Casasvleli samxreTiT aqvs.

gazafxulze orientirebisTvis Tovlze an yinulze

dakvirvebac gamogvadgeba. igi samxreTis mxridan ufro

naklebi sisqisaa da swrafad dneba.

horizontis mxareebze qristianuli eklesiebic migvaniSnebs.

maT sakurTxeveli aRmosavleTis mxares aqvT.

davaleba

4. daadgine calke mdgomi xis mixedviT (wyaro 2) hori

zontis mxareebi.

5. rogor `migvaniSnebs~ mcenareebi horizontis mxareebze

(wyaro 3)?

6. Seamowme Sens maxloblad arsebul eklesiaSi horizontis

romel mxares mdebareobs sakurTxeveli.

7. ganixile gagnebis sxvadasxva saxe da gansazRvre

maTi saimedooba.

Sesavali

17

4

adgilis gegma

risTvis gvWirdeba adgilis gegma?

adgilis gegmebze horizontis mxareebs misi CarCos

meSveobiT adgenen. gegmis marjvena nawili aRmosavle-

Tia, marcxena _ dasavleTi, qveda _ samxreTi, xolo zeda

_ CrdiloeTi.

dedamiwis zedapiris mcire ubnis, an raime sagnis

naxazs, romelic msxvil masStabSia Sesrulebuli

gegma ewodeba. gegmaze obieqtebi topografiuli niSnebis

saSualebiT gamoisaxeba.

davaleba

1. gaixsene, ra aris horizonti da romeli mxareebi

aqvs mas.

2. gaixsene, ras uwodeben adgilis gegmas.

topografiuli niSnebi

dasaxlebuli punqti

gza

xidi

xrami

wiwviani tye

farTofoTlovani

tye

Sereuli tye

gaCexili tye

xexilis baRi

mdelo

Waobi

wyaro 1. adgilis gegma


gegma gamoiyeneba orientirebisTvis, gansakuTrebiT,

ucnobi qalaqebis daTvalierebisas, gzebis gayvanisas,

sainJinro saqmeSi. mas agreTve didi mniSvneloba aqvs

samxedro saqmeSi.

davaleba

3. Seadgine T diagrama, sadac Camowerili iqneba

ZiriTadi gansxvaveba adgilis gegmasa da rukas

Soris.

4. gaecani wyaro 1-ze mocemul topografiul niSnebs.

gadaiwere rveulSi.

5. amoxseni SenTvis ukve nacnobi topografiuli niSnebis

saSualebiT amocana: Cemi -is win gadis,

ro melic -ken miemarTeba, saxlis ukan ki

-a.

6. Seadgine, am niSnebis mixedviT, Seni sacxovreblis

an skolis adgilis gegma.

marko polo (1254 - 1324)

_ italieli (venecieli)

mogzauri. 17 wlis

asakSi mamasTan da biZasTan

erTad gaemgzavra CineTSi.

eqspedicias ramdenime weli

dasWirda. gzaze moi naxula

saqar Tvelo da Cveni mezobeli

qveynebi. 1295 wels

dabrunda sam SobloSi, sadac

tyved Cavarda. tyveobaSi

marko polos Tavgadasavals iwerdnen.

igi xelnaweris saxiT vrceldeboda,

ramac udidesi interesi gamoiwvia

evropaSi.

leqsikoni

eqspedicia _ adamianTa

gamgzavreba raime

mizniT.

davaleba

7. Seni azriT, ucxo qveynebSi, qalaqebsa an nebismier

adgilebSi warmatebuli eqspediciis mosawyobad, ra

unda hqondeT mogzaurebs?

8. gaixsene, rodis Seiqmna pirveli rukebi da ivaraude,

SeiZleboda Tu ara marko polos im dros hqonoda

ruka an raime adgilis gegma. pasuxi daasabuTe.

Sesavali

19

5

movlenebis droSi gansazRvra

ratom unda vicodeT, Tu ra TanmimdevrobiT da rodis moxda

raime movlena?

davaleba

1. Secvale movlenebis

Tanmimdevroba

ise, rom ori

gansxvavebuli ambavi

miiRo.

wyaro 1. gatexili skami

warsuli

2000

awmyo

2018

momavali

2030

wyaro 2. drois xazi

drois gansazRvris sistemas, romliTac vsargeblobT,

kalendars vuwodebT. kalendari, romelsac saqarTveloSi

viyenebT, dros yofs dReebad, kvirebad,

Tveebad da wlebad. kalendriT sargeblobas aadvilebs

is, rom dReebs aqvs Tavisi saxeli, Tveebs _ saxeli da

ricxvi, wlebs ki _ ricxvi.

drois da TariRebis Seswavlas qronologia ewodeba.

qronologiuri Tanmimdevroba niSnavs imas, rom pirvel

adgilze vayenebT yvelaze adre momxdar ambavs, meoreze

_ cota mogvianebiT, mesameze _ kidev ufro gvian

momxdar ambavs da a.S.

movlenebis Tanmimdevrobis dacva, gansakuTrebiT,

istoriis Seswavlisas aris mniSvnelovani. amis gareSe

SeuZlebelia ama Tu im movlenis mizezis garkveva.

erT-erTi gza imis saCveneblad, Tu ra TanmimdevrobiT

moxda movlenebi, aris drois xazi.

drois xazi mosaxerxebelia erTi dRis, Tvis, mTeli

wlis, saukunis da a.S. ganmavlobaSi momxdari ambebis

dasafiqsireblad. drois xazis TiToeuli danayofi

SeiZleba aRniSnavdes erT dRes an sulac saukunes, an

aTaswleuls. drois xazi SeiZleba iyos vertikaluri da

horizontaluri.


1200 1300 1400 1500

marko polo

daibada 1254

wels.

wyaro 3. horizontaluri da vertikaluri drois xazi

davaleba

pirveli

globusi

daamzades

germaniaSi

1492 wels.

2018

2016

2014

2019

2017

2015

2. aRniSne drois xazze Seni cxovrebis mniSvne lovani movlenebi.

3. daxaze vertikaluri an horizontaluri drois xazi, romelic aCvenebs:

a) ambebs, romelic gadagxda mTeli dRis ganmavlobaSi: 8:00 saaTze, 12:00 saaTze,

13:00 saaTze. drois xazis TiToeuli danayofi unda aRniSnavdes erT saaTs.

b) ambebs, romelic moxda Sens cxovrebaSi gasul kviras. drois xazis TiToeuli

danayofi unda aRniSnavdes erT dRes.

g) Sens cxovrebaSi momxdar mniSvnelovan movlenebs. drois xazis TiToeuli danayofi

unda aRniSnavdes erT wels.

d) daakari drois xazze moniSnul movlenebs Sesabamisi fotosuraTi.

wyaro 4. daviT aRmaSeneblis gamziri

restavraciamde

wyaro 5. igive quCa restavraciis Semdeg

davaleba

4. aRwere, wyaroebis 4 da 5 mixedviT, TbilisSi aRma Seneblis gamzirze momxdari

cvli lebebi da imsjele amis Sesaxeb klasSi.

5. ra mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi an movlenebi moxda Sens qalaqSi an mxareSi

warsulSi? Caatare mokvleva da Seadgine momxdari mniSvnelovani movlenebisa

da cvlilebebis kalendari. daitane isini drois xazze. warudgine Sedegebi Sens

klass Semajamebel gakveTilze.

Sesavali

21

6

welTaRricxva

saidan viwyebT wlebis aTvlas?

istorikosebi raime movlenaze saubrisas meti sizustisaTvis

asaxeleben ara periodebs, aramed uTiTeben wlebs. magali-

Tad, saqarTvelom damoukidebloba aRidgina 1991 wels. magram

1991 weli rodidan? saidan viwyebT wlebis aTvlas anu welTaRricxvas?

uZvelesi qveynebis xalxebi wlebis gadaTvlas anu welTaRricxvas

maTTvis RirsSesaniSnavi ambidan iwyebdnen.

qristianuli qveynebi SeTanxmdnen, rom welTaRricxvis sa-

Tave yofiliyo ieso qristes Sobis pirobiTad miCneuli weli.

es sistema SemoiRo italielma berma dionise mcirem daaxloebiT

aTas xuTasi wlis win. ase rom, `saqarTvelom damoukidebloba

aRidgina qristes Sobidan 1991 wels~.

istoria qristes SobiT ar dawyebula. bevri ambavi moxda

qristes Sobamdec. amitom am ambebis Sesaxeb vambobT, rom ìsini

moxda qristes Sobamde~. ase gaiyo drois xazi or nawilad:

qristes Sobamde (SemoklebiT iwereba qr.S-mde) da qristes Sobidan

(SemoklebiT iwereba qr.S-dan). welTaRricxva qristes

Sobidan marto TariRiTac aRiniSneba. am terminebis magivrad

xSirad iyeneben: Zveli welTaRricxviT (Zv.w.) da axali welTaRricxviT

(ax.w.).

drois xazze qristes Soba cifri „1“-iT aRiniSneba.

1500 1000 500 100 20 10 100 500 1000 1500 2000

qristes Sobamde 0 qristes qristes Sobidan

(Zv.w.)

Soba

(ax.w.)

wyaro 1. drois xazi

magaliTad, ambis Sesaxeb, romelic moxda qristes dabadebamde

aTi wliT adre, vambobT, rom ès iyo qristes Sobamde

10 wels~. qristes Sobamde oci weli ufro didi cifria, magram

niSnavs, rom ufro adre moxda da ufro Zveli ambavia. qristes

Sobis Semdeg, rac ufro didia cifri, miT ufro axalia ambavi.

magaliTad, qr. S-mde anu Zv. w. 400 weli ufro didi xniT adre

iyo, vidre Zv.w. 100 weli. magram CvenTan ufro axlos aris

ax.w. 2000 weli, vidre ax.w. 500 weli.

arsebobs wlebis aRricxvis sxva sistemac. magaliTad, muslimur

qveynebSi welTaRricxvas iwyeben islamis Semqmnelis

muhamedis medinaSi gadasvliT. es movlena qr.S-dan 622 wels

moxda.


wyaro 2. muslimTa kalendari

wyaro 3. ebrauli kalendari

ebraelebi welTaRricxvas ufro adre iwyeben, vidre

qristi anebi. weli, romelsac Cven vuwodebT 2000-s,

ebraelTa kalendriT aris 5760 weli, xolo islamuri

kalendriT _ 1420 weli.

mecnierebma drois xazi dayves monakveTebad: saukuneebad

da aTaswleulebad. saukuneSi asi welia. aTi saukune

ki aTaswleuls Seadgens. rodesac vambobT, `Cven

vcxovrobT XXI saukuneSi~, es niSnavs, rom qristes Sobidan

2-jer dasrulda aTasi weli. miaqcieT yuradReba,

rom weli XXI saukuneSi iwyeba ara cifriT 21, aramed

20-iT. 1959 weli aris ara me-19, aramed me-20 saukune.

magaliTad, 150 weli aris II saukune imitom, rom is

aris qristes Sobidan meore aswleulSi; xolo 250 weli

aris III saukune imitom, rom is aris qristes Sobidan mesame

aswleulSi.

ax. w. I saukune ax. w. II saukune ax. w. III saukune

1 50 100 150 200 250 300

wyaro 4. wlebi da saukuneebi

davaleba

1. miuwere saukuneebs

maTi Sesatyvisi

erTi romelime

weli: XX saukune,

ax. w. III saukune,

ax. w. V saukune.

2. miuwere wlebs

maTi Sesatyvisi

saukuneebi:

ax. w. 1585 weli,

ax. w. 895 weli,

ax. w. 1415 weli,

1832 weli.

zogjer raime movlenas, faqts arasworad miakuTvneben

sxva epoqas, sxva xanas, sxva dros. amas anaqronizmi

ewodeba.

davaleba

3. davuSvaT, vinmem SemogTavaza mobiluri

telefonis yidva, ro melic gamoSvebulia

1945 wels. iyidi? daasabuTe pasuxi.

4. daakvirdi wyaro 5-s. ras xedav drosTan

Seusabamos?

5. istorikosebisTvis sityva anaqronizmi aris

`mcdaris~ sinonimi. gamoTqvi Seni azri

aRniSnulis Sesaxeb.

6. gamokiTxe bebia da babua, teqnikis romeli

nivTi ar arsebobda, rodesac Tqveni asakis

iyvnen, dRes ki yoveldRiurobis ganuyofeli

nawilia.

wyaro 5. raindi kompiuterTan

Sesavali

23

rogor vikvlioT?

drois mowmeebi yvebian

aRmaSeneblis gamziris mcxovrebi mamakaci: wina wlebSi es

Zveli Senobebi ingreoda, viwro quCaze avtomanqanebi

moZraobda da haeri iseTi dabinZurebuli iyo, rom gareT

gasvla ar gvindoda. fanjrebi daketili gvqonda,

rom garda gamonabolqvisa, mudmiv xmaursac binaSi

naklebad SemoeRwia.

qali: rodesac quCis restavracia daiwyo, cota gavwvaldiT.

mTeli quCa gadaiTxara, gadaiketa da saxlSi misvlac

ki problema iyo. samagierod, axla is Zalian lamazi

gaxda, Senobebi garemontda. avtomobilebis moZraoba

aikrZala da gamonabolqvi aRar gvawuxebs. Cveni

quCa dRes turistebisa da Tbiliselebis sayvareli

dasasvenebeli, gasarTobi adgilia.

Zegli rogorc wyaro

daviT aRmaSeneblis Zegli

Zeglic erT-erTi wyaroa. igi dakavSirebulia warsul-

Si momxdar raime movlenasTan da am movlenis xsovnis simbolos

warmoadgens. TavianTi Sinaarsis mixedviT, Zeglebi

erTmaneTisgan gansxvavdeba.

arsebobs Zeglebi, romlebic:

• romelime pirovnebis xsnovnis aRsaniSnavad igeba. ase-

Tia, magaliTad, daviT aRmaSeneblis Zegli TbilisSi.

• warsulSi momxdari movlenebis gasaxseneblad iqmneba.

magaliTad, didgoris velze qarTvelTa gamarjvebis

aRsaniSnavad aigo memorialuri kompleqsi.

didgoris memoriali

• ama Tu im epoqaSi gavrcelebul samSeneblo, xuroTmoZRvrul

xelovnebas asaxavs. magaliTad, kldeSi nakveTi

qalaqi ufliscixe, romelic iuneskom msoflio

kulturuli memkidreobis ZeglTa sacdel siaSi CarTo.

• arsebobs, aseve, bunebis Zeglebi, romlebic bunebis did

SemoqmedebiT mxares gamoxatavs. aseTia, magaliTad, Telavis

centrSi arsebuli aTaswlovani Wadari, romelsac

Tavisi istoria aqvs, dakavSirebuli adamianebis,

qalaqis, mxaris bedTan. masze Tqmulebac ki arsebobs.

Telavis Wadari


• arsebobs Senobebi, romlebsac Zeglis statusi

aqvs. xSirad garkveuli Senoba gansakuTrebiT asaxavs

ama Tu im epoqas da mis suls. aseT Senobebs

Zeglis statusi aqvs da sagangebod daculia. isini

am statusis aRmniSvnel niSans atareben.

Zeglis statusis

aRmniSvneli niSani

anCisxati

armazis RvTismSoblis eklesia

atenis sioni

svaneTis koSkebi

nekresis eklesia

leqsikoni

memoriali _ raimes an

vinmes ukvdavsayofad

agebuli arqiteqturuli

nageboba.

iunesko _ saerTa Soriso

orga nizacia, romelic

kulturis obieqtebs

icavs.

kulturuli memkvidreoba

_ Taobidan

Taobaze gada cemuli

materialuri da aramaterialuri

kulturis

Zeglebi.

davaleba

1. daasaxele, ra saxis Zeglebia aRwerili. ra Zeglebi arsebobs Sens mxareSi?

2. Semajamebeli gakveTilisTvis moamzade proeqti `Cemi mxaris Zeglebi~. amisTvis:

a) SeqmeniT, maswavleblis daxmarebiT, jgufebi (2-3 moswavle).

b) CamowereT Tqvens regionSi arsebuli Zeglebi da airCieT romelime maTgani.

g) moiZieT Tqmulebebi Tqveni mxaris Zeglebze.

d) warmoadgineT klasis winaSe prezentacia Seswavlil Zeglze PPT-Si.

Sesavali

25

a

i

i

kari 1.

qarTli

r a W a - l e

C

ru

x u

i

am karSi iswavli aRmosavleT saqarTvelos yvelaze

did istoriul-eTnografiul mxares _ qarTls.

gaecnobi legendas qarTlis samefos daarsebaze;

gaigeb, Tu ratom iTvleba is saqarTvelos politikur,

kulturul da geografiul centrad; romeli

mniSvnelovani pirovnebebi da movlenebi ukavSirdeba

qarTls; ra gavlena aqvs geografiul mdebareobas

mis ekonomikur ganviTarebaze, dasaxlebis tipebze;

ra stiqiuri movlenebia misTvis damaxasiaTebeli da

rogor SeiZleba maTgan Tavis dacva; ra mniSvneloba

aqvs iseT tradiciebs, rogoric aris tolerantoba,

urTierTdaxmareba; rogor gavrcelda iq qristianoba

da romeli eTnikuri, kulturuli da religiuri

jgufebis warmomadgenlebi cxovroben qarTlSi; dafiqrdebi,

risi gakeTeba SegiZlia Seni mxarisTvis.

i

l

i

x

rikoTis uR.

920 agara !A

kur. surami !

!. xaSuri

qar

borjom-xaragaulis

erovnuli parki

m e

m. loxoni 1925

Tamar

cx

r e

e T i

T

x

v

S

s

i d

q

a q

frone

Zama

kur

!A

rexa !A

j a

nadarbaze

-

e

x

26

Cveni saqarTvelo 5

e

5

e

q

ruseTis federacia

rokis uRt. 2996

d i

e

TamaraSeni !A

cxinvali

!A

ananuri

Jinvalis

wyalsc.

!

axalgori!.

Jinvali!

ruisi !A

duSeTi !.

variani

gara

bazaleTis

!A !A

urbnisi

lamisyana

!A oZisi tba

!A

i qareli !.

samTavisi

ufliscixe igoeTi

!A !A !A

gori!.

!A

Woporti!

!A

kaspi

ateni

!A

!.

muxrani

xovle

kur. biisi

!

!A

!A

2148

kavTisxevi

!A levitana

m. sabuRro

a q

rexa !A

arbazevi

!A

x

C

frone

Zama

c

x u m i

m

!

kur. java liaxvis

aRkveTili

a r

T

kavkasionis

3184zekaris uR.

T l i s

r

i a l e

2757

m. arjevani

walkis

wyalsc.

maSavera

didi liaxvi

tana

pataraliaxvi

!.

walka

!A

sarkineTi

dmanisi !.

kur.yanCaveTi !

v a k e

T i s

qedi

3877

m. zilgaxoxi

3858

1952 2344

orboZali

q

"""

algeTis

nakrZali

kur. manglisi!

xrami

a

mtkvari

R

!A

tanZia

e

m

d i

o

algeTis

wyalsc.

aragvi

TeTri wyaro

!. !A winwyaro

bolnisi

!.

!A kazreTi

!A balaani

qsani

s a

mcxeTa

Tbilisi

xrami

v l e

!

kur. wyeTi

q

v e

darbazi

!A sarTiWala !A

sioni!A

pirobiTi aRniSvnebi


sazRvrebi

T

!P

!.

!.

!

!

!.

s

xrami

saxelmwifos dedaqalaqi

mxaris centri

municipalitetis centri

sxva dasaxlebuli punqti

kurorti

gzebi

avtomagistrali

gzatkecili

rkinigza

!P

m

a

o

!. marneuli

!A algeTi

v

q

kumisis

tba

a

r

algeTi

T

rusTavi

q a r

a

debeda

v e

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m

T

Tbilisis

wyalsc.

i a

k

!A !

n e T i

T l i s

mtkvari

hidrografia

mdinare

tba, wyalsacavi

CanCqeri

sxva aRniSvnebi

simaRliTi niSnuli

uReltexili

e

saxelmwifos

istoriul-geografiuli

provinciis

daculi teritoriis

!.

gardabani

azerbaijani

k

a x

e

T i

jandaris

tba

s a

s o m x e T i

0 9km

27

1.1

qarTli _ saqarTvelos geografiuli centri

ratom aris qarTli saqarTvelos geografiuli centri?

qarTli aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi, mTaTaSoris baris

centralur nawilSi mdebareobs. igi saqarTvelos

yvelaze didi istoriul-eTnografiuli mxarea. qarTli

or nawilad iyofa _ Sida qarTli da qvemo qarTli. saukuneebis

ganmav lobaSi qarTli saqarTvelos politikuri

da ekonomikuri centri iyo. qarTlSi mdebareobs saqarTvelos

dedaqalaqi Tbilisi. iqvea Zveli dedaqalaqi

mcxeTa.

wyaro 1. mcxeTa da misi Semogareni

davaleba

1. ra adgili ukavia qarTls saqarTvelos rukaze (ix. sqema turi ruka, gv. 27)?

2. qarTlis rukis mixedviT (gv. 26-27)

a) saqarTvelos romeli istoriul-eTnografiuli mxareebi esazRvreba qarTls?

b) qarTlSi mTebi da gorak-borcvebi ufro metia Tu vake-dablobebi?

g) romeli uReltexilis meSveobiT ukavSirdeba qar Tli imereTs?

d) romeli mdinareebi uerTdeba erTmaneTs mcxeTasTan?

qarTli saqarTvelos sxvadasxva mxares Soris aris

moq ceuli. masze gadis aRmosavleT da dasavleT saqarTvelos

Soris damakavSirebeli mTavari avtomagistrali

da sarkinigzo xazi. aq gaedineba aziidan evropaSi

gayvanili umsxvilesi navTobsadeni da gazsadeni,

romlebic evropas am bunebrivi resursebiT amaragebs.

qarTlze gadis CineTidan evropaSi mimavali yvelaze

grZeli sarkinigzo xazi. navTobsadenebisa da gazsadenis

saqarTvelos teritoriaze gavlas Cveni qveynisTvis

didi mniSvneloba aqvs. amisTvis sxva saxelmwifoebi saqarTvelos

fuls uxdian.


àbreSumis didi gza~

qarTlze da, zogadad, saqarTveloze e.w. àbreSumis didi gzis~ erT-erTi

monakveTi gadioda. am gziT CineTidan abreSumi sxva qveynebSi iyideboda.

gzaze, sadac sxvadasxva saqonliT datvirTuli qaravnebi dadioda, araerTi qveyana

mdebareobda. vaWrobam xeli Seuwyo sxvadasxva xalxis kulturaTa urTierTgavlenas,

maT gamdidrebas.

gansxva vebuli garegnobis,

kulturisa da enis

gamo zogjer ucxosa da

CineTi gaugebars qarTvelebi

`Cinurs~ uwodebdnen.

CineTidan saqarTve loSi

gav rcelda jon joli,

mandarini, gargari, iasamani,

brinji, Cai da

indoeTi

ramdenime jiSis

wyaro 2. abreSumis didi gza

yurZeni.

xmelTaSua zRva

Savi zRva

kavkasia

kaspiis zRva

wyaro 3. CineTidan pirveli matareblis Semosvla

jeihani

sufsa

erzrumi

TurqeTi

ruseTis

federacia

saqarTvelo

Tbilisi

somxeTi

azerbaijani

kaspiis

zRva

baqo

gazsadeni

navTobsadeni

navTobsadeni

davaleba

3. moiZie internetSi

informacia Tanamedrove

àbre Sumis

gzaze~. gaacani

moZiebuli masala

kla selebs. imsjeleT

am gzis mniSvnelobaze

Zvelad

da axla.

4. romel qveynebze

gadis navTob da

gazsadenebi

(wyaro 4)?

5. rogor fiqrob, ra

gavlena aqvs qar-

Tlis geografiul

mdebareobas mis

ekonomikur ganviTarebaze?

wyaro 4. gazsadeni da navTobsadenebi

qarTli

29

1.2

qarTli _ saqarTvelos politikuri centri

ratom gaxda qarTli saqarTvelos politikuri centri?

saqarTvelos saxelmwifo mravali saukunea arsebobs.

pirveli qarTuli saxelmwifo dRevandeli qar-

Tlis garSemo qristes Sobamde sami saukuniT adre Camoyalibda.

istoriis sxvadasxva periodSi qarTls da

saqarTvelos sxvadasxva saxeli erqva. X saukunidan ki

warmoiqmna saxelwodeba saqarTvelo, rac qarTvelTa

qveyanas niSnavda.

wyaro 1. Targamosi da misi rva Svili

davaleba

1. monaxe saqarTvelos

fizikur rukaze

(6-7), romeli mxaris

mosaxleoba SeiZleba

Casuliyo qarTlSi

sacxovreblad

saxnavi miwis

naklebobis gamo?

2. moniSne drois xazze

qarTlis samefos

daarsebis saukune.

legenda qarTlis samefos daarsebaze

legendis mixedviT, bibliuri noes vaJis iafetis

Soreuli STamomavali iyo Targamosi. Targamoss rva

vaJi hyavda. meore vaJs qarTlosi erqva. Targamosma

Tavis Svilebs dedamiwis sxvadasxva kuTxeSi teritoria

gaunawila. qarTloss saqarTvelos dRevandeli

teritoria ergo. man Tavis wil qveyanas qarTli

uwoda. misi STamomavlebi qarTlSi gamravldnen. am

qar Tlosis STamomavlebad iTvlebian qarTvelebi.

Tavdapirvelad qarTlis centri mcxeTa iyo. mogvianebiT

misi teritoria xan izrdeboda da xan mcirdeboda.

sabolood ki dRevandel sazRvrebs miaRwia.

saqarTvelos mTeli istoriis manZilze ganapira

mxareebis warmomadgenlebi qarTlSi gadmosaxlebas

cdilobdnen. saqarTvelos gaerTianebis ideac maTgan modioda.

qarTlis mezobeli mxareebis mosaxleobas iq gadasaxlebisTvis

sxvadasxva mizezi hqonda. mosaxerxebeli

geografiuli mdebareobis garda, qarTlSi Zalian bevri


iyo saxnav-saTesi miwa, Tumca saZovrebi da saTibebi Warbobda.

sxva mxareebSi, umetesad, klde-Rreebisa da tyiani

adgilebis gamo, saxnavad gamosadegi miwa SedarebiT

cota iyo, amitom naklebi mosavali modioda.

davaleba

3. CamoTvale mizezebi, ratom saxlde bodnen qarTlSi

saqarTvelos sxva kuTxeebidan Casuli adamianebi.

zedazeni armazi jvris monasteri

SiomRvime

sveticxoveli

pompeusis xidi

wyaro 2. mcxeTis da misi Semogarenis RirsSesaniSnaobebi

davaleba

4. daasaxele wyaro 2-is mixedviT da damatebiTi wyaroebis

daxmarebiT, ra istoriuli Zeglebi mdebareobs

mcxeTasa da mis SemogarenSi.

5. Seadgine, wyaro 2-is daxmarebiT, turistuli mar-

Sruti mcxeTasa da mis SemogarenSi.

6. moiZie informacia mcxeTis romelime Zeglze internetSi

an wignebSi.

7. miswere werili Sens Tanatols sxva qveynidan, romliTac

daaintereseb saqarTveloSi CamosvliT da

mcxeTis monaxulebiT.

8. gamoaqveyne Seni werili (ilustraciebiT) klasis

ked lis gazeTSi.

qarTli

31

1.3

qarTli da misi mezobeli mxareebi

ra urTierToba hqonda qarTls mezobel mxareebTan?

leqsikoni

damreci _ TandaTanobiT

daxrili, daqanebuli

ferdobi.

qarTli ZiriTadad vakeebze mdebareobs, magram

iq mTiani xeobebic aris. qarTlis mosazRvre istoriul-eTnografiuli

mxareebi ki mTiania, tyiT dafaruli

da damreci ferdobebiT. mTian mxareebs, ZiriTadad,

qarTlis gareSe arseboba ar SeeZloT, magram qar-

Tlsac aranakleb sWirdeboda mTa da iq damzadebuli

nivTebi. winaT qarTlSi miwas didi guTniT xnavdnen.

masSi rva- cxra uRel xar-kameCs abamdnen. amisTvis didi

raodenobiT Rvedebi iyo saWiro. Rvedi xaris tyavisgan

mzaddeboda. qarTlSi imdeni raodenobiT saqoneli ar

hyavdaT, rom samyofi Rvedebi daemzadebinaT. amitom

qarTlelebs am saqmeSi xevsurebi exmarebodnen. gviani

SemodgomiT isini barSi Cadiodnen da Rvedebs wnavdnen.

aseve, mTidanac didi raodenobiT dawnuli Rvedebi CahqondaT

da sxvadasxva produqtze cvlidnen.

ramdenime aTeuli welia qarTlSi miwas xarebis saSualebiT

aRar xnaven da aRarc didi raodenobiT Rvedebi

sWirdebaT. Tumca qarTlsa da sxva mxareebs Soris kav-

Siri ar gamwydara. amjerad isini sxva sferoSi exmarebian

erTmaneTs.

wyaro 1. warsulSi qarTlSi gavrcelebuli

didi qarTuli guTani da Rvedi

wyaro 2. traqtori

davaleba

1. raze metyvelebs qarTlSi didi guTnis gamoyeneba?

2. Seadare erTmaneTs wyaroebi 1 da 2. rogor fiqrob, ra gansxvaveba SeiZleba

iyos Zveli da axali saSualebebiT miwis damuSavebas Soris.

3. ra kavSiria qarTlis bunebriv pirobebsa da soflis meurneobis iq ganviTarebul

dargs Soris?

4. moawyeT eqskursia saqarTvelos erovnul muzeumSi. daaTvaliereT iq gamofenili

sasoflo-sameurneo iaraRi, maT Soris, didi qarTuli guTani. Tvali

gaadevneT, rogor viTardeboda es sasoflo-sameurneo iaraRi uZvelesi

droidan dRemde.


aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTaSi mecxvareoba yovelTvis

mniSvnelovani saqmianoba iyo da dResac asea.

mec xvareebisTvis aucilebelia mindvrebi da saZovrebi,

sadac zamTarSic da zafxulSic cxvars aZoveben. qar-

Tlidan saqarTvelos yvela mimarTulebiT gzebi gadis.

mTiels Tu moundeboda javaxeTSi gadas vla, aucileblad

qarTli unda gaevlo. didi cxvrisa da bevri saqonlis

patronisTvis Zalian mniSvnelovani iyo TrialeTsa

da javaxeTSi arsebuli sazafxulo saZovrebi. qar-

Tlelebsac samxreT saqarTveloSi mihyavdaT cxvari sabalaxod,

TavianT saZovrebs ki zamTrisTvis inaxavdnen.

davaleba

5. daadgine, rukis

daxmarebiT (gv. 27),

ra marSrutis gavla

uwevdaT warsulSi

mecxvareebs mcxeTidan

javaxeTamde?

6. warmoidgine, rogori

SeiZleba iyos

mecxvaris erTi

Cveulebrivi dRe

da Se ecade daxato:

risi gakeTe-

Teba uwevs mas yoveldRiurad,

vin

aris misi damxmare?

7. ratom iyo saWiro

zafxulobiT cxvris

arekva mTis saZovrebze?

xorci

tyavi

rZe

matyli

wyaro 3. cxvris faris gadarekva

saqarTveloSi cxvris mTis saZovrebze gadarekva Zalian

Zveli tradiciaa da dRemde grZeldeba. amas adasturebs

saqarTveloSi qristianobis gamavrceleblis

wminda ninos istoria. IV saukunis dasawyisSi saqarTvelos

sazRvrebSi _ javaxeTSi Semosul ninos mcxeTidan

mosuli mwyemsebi Sexvdnen.

wyaro 4. ra sargebloba

moaqvs cxvars

davaleba

8. daitane drois xazze wminda ninos mcxeTel mwyemsebTan

Sexvedris saukune.

9. rogor fiqrob, risTvis iyeneben cxvris matyls,

tyavs, rZesa da xorcs. daxaze rveulSi cxrili da

Seavse.

qarTli

33

1.4

qarTlis cixesimagreebi

rogor icavda qarTli Tavs mtris Semosevisgan?

wyaro 1. Zveli qarTveli

meomris aRWurviloba

uZvelesi droidan saxelmwifoebi erTmaneTs ebrZodnen

da TavianT teritorias afarToebdnen. qarTvelebs,

umetesad, Tavis dacva uwevdaT. qarTlelebi iseve,

rogorc yvela qarTveli, Zlieri mebrZolebi iyvnen.

meomrebs mtris mier moqneuli xmlisgan jaWvis perangi

icavda. xmals da fars Tavad akeTebdnen. Tumca maTi Tavdacvis

ZiriTadi saSualeba cixesimagreebi da saTval-

Tvalo koSkebi iyo. isini ise iyo aSenebuli, rom erTmaneTs

uyurebda. saTvalTvalo koSkSi yovelTvis viRac

morigeobda. mtris gamoCenis SemTxvevaSi masze cecxls

anTebdnen da ramdenime wuTSi Semosevis Sesaxeb mTelma

qveyanam icoda. saTvalTvalo koSkebidan miRebuli

cnobidan maleve qarTlelebi TavianTi ojaxis wevrebs

maxlobel tyian xeobebSi malavdnen, TviTon cixesimagreSi

gamagrdebodnen da mters iqidan ebrZodnen.

mSvidobianobis damyarebis Semdeg mTiani da tyiani xeobebidan

ojaxis wevrebi gamohyavdaT da cxov rebas Cveulebriv

agrZelebdnen.

Semosuli mteri, soflebTan erTad, eklesia-monastrebs

da taZrebsac anadgurebda. mosaxleoba dangreul

qristianul salocavebs erToblivad male

aRadgenda, xolo gadamalul siwmideebs _ xatebs,

jvrebs abrunebda.

dRemde qarTlis teritoriaze asobiT cixisa da koSkis

nangrevia darCenili. maTi nawili aRdgenilia. axla

isini mxolod turistebis sanaxaobas warmoadgens.

amJamad qarTlsac da mTel saqarTvelosac qarTuli

jari icavs.

wyaro 2. Widaoba

Widaoba qarTlSi

qarTlis TiTqmis yvela sofelSi sadResaswaulo

dReebSi wreSi dayril naxerxze fexSiSvelebi, saWidao

CoxiT, welgamarTulebi Widaoben. waqceul an

daCoqil metoqeze misvla da zurgidan Seteva dauSvebelia.

Widaobis am raindulma wesma Cvenamde pirvandeli

saxiT moaRwia. xSirad, mterTan pirispir

Setakebisas, meomrebi qarTuli Widaobis ileTebs

iyenebdnen. bevri qarTveli olimpiuri, msoflio da

evropis Cempioni qarTuli Widaobidan modis. maT

Soris aris SoTa CoCiSvili, romelmac qarTuli

Widaobis ileTebiT bevri brZola moigo.


Sindisis gmirebi

2008 wlis agvistoSi ruseT-saqarTvelos

e.w. xuTdRiani omi moxda. ruseTis

jarma qarTlis teritoriis nawili daikava.

11 agvistos rus jariskacebs sofel Sindis-

Tan qarTvelebma didi winaaR mdegoba gauwies,

magram uTanasworo brZolaSi daiRupnen. adgilze

misuli rusebi gaocdnen. maT ver daijeres,

rom ruseTis jaris aseuls mxolod

ramdenime qarTveli ebrZoda.

Sindisis brZolas 17 qarTveli meomari

Seewira. es gmirebia: mixeil dvaliSvili,

malxaz abaSiZe, amiran SainiZe, aleqsandre

oniani, ruslan wulaZe, zviad kacaZe, ilia

gabunia, roman zoiZe, kaxa koSaZe, emzar

wilosani, feliqs kakauriZe, vefxia jiSkariani,

marlen baramia, ilia SeylaSvili,

irakli janeliZe, Smagi kupataZe, nikoloz

forCxiZe.

davaleba

1. dRes saqarTveloSi jariskacoba

iseTive profesiad Camoyalibda,

rogorc maswavlebloba an Jurnalistoba.

warsulSi ki qveyanas

mteri rom Semoeseoda, mamakacebi

TavianT saqmes Tavs anebebdnen da

ojaxebsa da samSoblos icavdnen.

rogor fiq rob, romeli jobs da

ratom?

2. moiZie informacia cnobil qar-

Tvel moWidaveebze.

3. Seni azriT, ratom ewoda birTvisis

cixis erT-erT koSks Seupovari?

4. moiZie, damxmare resursebis meSveobiT,

legenda birTvisis cixeze

da dawere mokle Canaxati masze.

5. moiZie internetSi informacia Sindisis

gmirebze. naxeT maTze filmi

da ganixileT klasSi.

birTvisis cixe

qarTlSi erT-erT

yvelaze Znelad dasapyrob

cixed yovelTvis

birTvisis cixe iTv leboda.

igi kldo van wvetian mTeb-

Sia. Cvenma winaprebma yvela

Sesas vleli da saeWvo

adgi li ise gaamagres, rom

TiTqmis SeuZ lebeli iyo

cixis aReba. birTvisis cixis

siamayea yvelaze maRal

borcvze aSenebuli koSki

„Seupovari“.

koSki `Seupovari~ cixis wyalsacavi cixis erT-erTi

wyaro 3. birTvisis cixe

Sesasvleli

qarTli

35

1.5

mravalerovani qarTli

ra metyvelebs qarTlis mosaxleobis tolerantobaze?

leqsikoni

tolerantoba _ Semwynarebloba,

sxvisi

qcevisa da Sexedulebebis

Sewynareba

da pativiscema.

qarTli geografiulad ara mxolod saqarTvelos,

aramed kavkasiis centraluri nawilia. saqarTvelos

garSemo mcxovrebi xalxebi yovelTvis cdilobdnen Tavi

moeyaraT qarTlSi, sadac jer mcxeTa iyo saqarTvelos

dedaqalaqi, mogvianebiT ki _ Tbilisi. saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi

qarTlSi cxov robda da dRemde cxovrobs

sxvadasxva warmoSobis mosaxleoba: somxebi, azerbaijanelebi,

ebraelebi, osebi, asirielebi, qurTebi, iezidebi,

berZnebi, germanelebi, boSebi, rusebi da sxvebi.

wminda sidonias

ambavi

ebraelma eliozma

mcxeTaSi qristes

kvarTi Caitana. misma

dam sidoniam is gulSi

Caikra da adgilzeve

gardaicvala. eliozma

mas kvarTi verafriT

gamoacala, amitom

kvarTTan erTad dakrZala.

mcxeTaSi, im

adgilze dRes sveticxovlis

taZaria

agebuli. wminda

sido nias xsenebis

dRe mcxeTobis anu

sveticxovlobis

saeklesio dResaswauls

emTxveva.

ebraelebi qarTlSi

qarTlSi araqarTuli mosaxleobidan yvelaze adre

ebraelebi dasaxldnen. 26 saukunis win maT samSoblos

Tavs daesxa mteri. mtrisgan Tavis daxsnis Semdeg ebraelebis

erTi jgufi qarTlSi movida. mcxeTis mmar-

Tvelma maT darCenis neba misca da iqve axlos daasaxla.

ebraelebs qarTvelebisgan gansxvavebuli religia da

tradiciebi hqondaT, magram amis gamo isini saqarTveloSi

arasdros iCagrebodnen da sakuTar religiasa da

tradiciebs inarCunebdnen. mogvianebiT ebraelebi mTel

saqarTveloSi damkvidrdnen. qarTlSi isini, ZiriTadad,

mcxeTasa da cxinvalSi cxovrobdnen. ase gaxda ebraelebisTvis

saqarTvelo meore samSoblo. xSirad maT „qar-

Tveli ebraelebis“ saxeliTac moixsenieben.

wyaro 1. Tbilisis sinagoga


davaleba

1. daitane drois xazze

ebraelebis qarTlSi

dasaxlebis saukune.

2. rogor fiqrob,

raze metyvelebs is,

rom saqar TveloSi

mcxovreb ebraelebs

„qarTvel ebraelebs“

uwodeben?

3. aRwere wyaro 2-ze,

ra saqmiT arian dakavebuli

ebraelebi

qarTul sofelSi.

wyaro 2. ebraeli vaWrebi qarTlis sofelSi

asirielebi qarTlSi

ebraelebis Semdeg qarTlSi sacxovreblad asirielebi

Cavidnen. isini, qarTvelebis msgavsad, marTlmadidebeli

qristianebi iyvnen. Tavdapirvelad, V-VI saukuneebSi,

saqarTveloSi asureli berebi Cadiodnen da

qristianobas avrcelebdnen. maT Soris iyvnen iseTi

cnobili moRvaweebi, rogorebic cameti asureli mamaa.

mogvianebiT ki, rodesac sakuTar samSobloSi asirielebis

devna daiwyo, maTi erTi nawili berebs saqarTveloSi

wamohyva da qarTlSi dasaxlda. sofel qandaSi

dRemde cxov roben maTi STamomavlebi. qandelma asirielebma

kargad ician qarTuli ena da tradiciebi, Tumca

SenarCunebuli aqvT sakuTari metyveleba da kulturac.

camet asurel mamas ioane zedazneli xelmZRvanelobda.

mcxeTasTan axlos, zedaznis mTaze, man monasteri

daaarsa da mTeli cxovreba iq gaatara. danarCeni berebi

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeSi wavidnen

da qristianuli moRvaweoba daiwyes.

wyaro 3. ioane zedaznelis

saflavi zedaznis

monasterSi

davaleba

4. daitane drois xazze asurelebis qarTlSi Camosvlis

dro.

5. cameti asureli mamidan rva _ ioane zedazneli, anton

martyofeli, Sio mRvimeli, ise wilkneli, miqael

ulumboeli, Tadeoz stefanwmindeli, piros

breTeli da isidore samTavneli _ qarTlis teritoriaze

moRvaweobda. gamoTvale, asureli mamebis

saxelidan gamomdinare, is adgilebi, sadac isini

moRvaweobdnen.

6. Seadgine rveulSi orsvetiani cxrili: `romel adgilebSi

moRvaweobdnen asureli mamebi?~.

7. moiZie internetSi informacia sofel qandaSi dRes

mcxovreb asurelebze.

qarTli

37

leqsikoni

dinastiuri qorwineba

_ qorwineba

sxvadasxva qveynis

mmarTveli samefo

gvaris (dinastiis)

wevrebs Soris.

osebi qarTlSi

qarTlSi bevri osi cxovrobs. mTaSi miwis simciris

gamo maTi gadmosaxleba CrdiloeT kavkasiidan

XVII saukunis Suaxanebidan daiwyo. Sida qarTlis mTianeT-

Si osTa dasaxlebas ki xeli Seuwyo iq bevri nasoflaris

arsebobam, rac mtris xSiri Semosevebis Sedegi iyo.

istoriulad, qarTvelebsa da osebs Soris keTili

urTierToba arsebobda. CrdiloeT kavkasiaSi mcxovrebi

osebi xSirad monawileobdnen saqarTveloSi SemoWrili

mtris winaaRmdeg brZolaSi. saqarTvelosa da oseTis

samefo ojaxebs Soris dinastiuri qorwinebebi xdeboda.

magaliTad, Tamar mefis deda osi iyo. qarTveli mefeebi

da Tavadebi osebis saqarTveloSi Casaxlebas xels

uwyobdnen da maT sami wlis ganmavlobaSi xorbliT amaragebdnen.

2008 wlis ruseT-saqarTvelos omis Sedegad, Sida

qarTlis mosaxleobis didi nawili sakuTar samSobloSi

devnilad iqca.

davaleba

8. moiZie informacia

qarTlSi werovanSi

arsebul devnilTa

dasaxlebaze da imsjele

im mizezebze,

romlis gamoc es

dasaxleba arsebobs.

9. dawere werili os

TanatolTan istoriuli

megobrobaze

da moifiqre, rogor

SeiZleba Zveli ur-

TierTobis aRdgena.

wyaro 4. devnilTa dasaxleba werovanSi

somxebi da azerbaijanelebi qarTlSi

qarTlSi iseve, rogorc danarCen saqarTveloSi, qar-

Tvelebis Semdeg yvelaze didi raodenobiT cxovroben

somxebi da azerbaijanelebi. somxebi, ZiriTadad, TbilisSi

da qvemo qarTlis teritoriaze arian dasaxlebuli.

maTi umTavresi saqmianobaa vaWroba da xelosnoba.

azerbaijanelebi qvemo qarTlis nayofier soflebSi

cxovroben da soflis meurneobas misdeven. saqarTvelos

bostneuliT, umetesad, bolnisSi da marneulis

raionSi mcxovrebi azerbaijanelebi amarageben.


wyaro 5. bostneulis nargavebi marneulSi

somexi da azerbaijaneli axalgazrdebi qarTul enas

swavloben da qarTvel TanatolebTan erTad saqarTvelos

umaRles saswavleblebSi sxvadasxva profesias

euflebian.

wyaro 6. XVII saukunis sasuliero pirisa da poetis

ioseb saakaZis cnoba somexi mRvdlis gmirobis Sesaxeb

1609 wels mteri mtkvris marjvena napirze modioda,

rodesac maT win gore li somexi sasu liero piri

(`tertera~) SeeCexa. is maSinve ukan gaiqca, gorTan

mtkvarze gadebuli xidis ficrebi ayara da Tavisi qalaqi

darbevas gadaarCina. goreli terteras moxerxebuloba

rom ara, mteri qalaqs advilad daeuf leboda, radgan

misi cixe im dros isev dangreuli iyo da moqalaqeebs

Tavdacva gauZneldebodaT.

xudia borCaloeli

xudia borCaloeli saqarTvelos erT-erTi

gamorCeuli gmiria. igi azerbaijaneli iyo

da sicocxlis bolomde erTgulad emsaxureboda

qarTl- kaxeTis mefes, erekle meores. igi yovel-

Tvis mefe erekles uaxloes garemocvaSi ibrZoda.

mefem sworad Seafasa xudias erTguleba da mas sakuTari

sicoc xlis dacva ando. xudia borCaloeli

yvelaze mZime brZolebis drosac mefes martos

ar tovebda.

davaleba

10. rogor fiqrob,

ra tom moiqca ase

goreli somexi?

Seni azriT, ram

ubiZga mas aseTi

saqcielisken.

11. rogor fiqrob,

raze metyvelebs

erekle mefis ase-

Ti upirobo ndoba

xudia borCaloelis

mimarT?

davaleba

12. Seni azriT, ra mniSvneloba aqvs saxelmwifo enis _

qarTulis codnas saqarTvelos moqalaqeebisTvis?

13. rogor gesmis sityva tolerantoba?

14. ratom SeiZleba CaTvalo, rom qarTli tolerantuli

iyo gansxvavebuli erovnebisa da religiis

warmomadgenlebis mimarT?

qarTli

39

1.6

qarTlSi dasaxleba Sejgufuli iyo, rac imas niSnavs,

rom saxlebi erTmaneTTan axlos idga da ezokarmidamoc

Zalian patara hqonda. didi sofeli sxvadasxva

ubnisgan Sedgeboda. ubnebs Soris viwro gzebi

gadioda, rasac orRobes uwodebdnen. Robeebi orgvari

hqondaT _ qviT naSeni da „cocxali Robe“. Zalian xSirad

glexebs TavianTi nakveTis sazRvarze mcenareebi

hqondaT darguli. erT sigrZeze Camwkrivebul mcenareebs

„cocxal Robes“ uwodebdnen.

dRes qalaqsa Tu sofelSi, ZiriTadad, bevri ke-

Tilmowyobili saxlia. Zvelad qarTlelebi banian da

darbazuli tipis saxlebSi cxovrobdnen. banian saxls,

Cveulebriv, zemodan saxuravad miwa hqonda dayrili,

romlis datkepna Zalian Sromatevadi saqme iyo. darbadasaxlebis

tipebi qarTlSi

rogori dasaxlebebi iyo warsulSi qarTlSi da rogoria dRes?

qarTlSi dRes axali soflebis umetesoba Zveli

soflebis adgilzea gaSenebuli, Tumca axal adgilas,

vrcel vakeebzec gvxvdeba. warsulSi dablobSi soflebs

ar aSenebdnen, vinaidan mtris Semosevis safrTxe

arsebobda. qarTlelebi ufro mTebis, qedebis, gorebis

ZirSi saxldebodnen. aseT adgilebSi sasmeli da sarwyavi

wyali meti iyo, Tanac, mtris Semosvlis SemTxveva-

Si mTisZira xeobebidan tyisTvis Tavis Sefareba ufro

advilad SeiZleboda.

wyaro 1. sofeli winwyaro

davaleba

1. aRwere wyaro 1. rogor fiqrob, ramdenad mosaxerxebeli

da usafrTxo iyo aseT sofelSi cxovreba

warsulSi da rogoria dRes. pasuxi daasabuTe.

wyaro 2. soflis orRobe


zuli sacxovreblebis gadaxurva gansxvavebulia. saxuravi

didi morebiT iyo aSenebuli, zeviT viwrovdeboda,

saidanac sinaTle Sedioda da keridan boli gadioda.

maSindel saxlebs fanjrebi ar hqonda da sinaTle mxolod

zemodan Cadioda. Zvelad saxlis SuagulSi cecxli

enTo da am cecxlis Tavze Camokidebul qvabSi saWmels

amzadebdnen. keraze cecxli mudmivad enTo. misi Caqroba

ar SeiZleboda. maSindeli adamianis rwmeniT, keris

Caqroba cudis momaswavebeli iyo.

wyaro 3. darbazuli

tipis saxli qarTlSi

wyaro 4. baniani saxli

wyaro 5. Tanamedrove saxli

davaleba

2. Seni azriT, ratom iyo qarTlSi Sejgufuli dasax leba?

3. ratom aris dRes dasaxleba gaSlili (wyaro 1)?

4. aRwere darbazis tipis saxli (wyaro 3). riT SegiZlia imis axsna, rom mas fanjrebi

ar hqonda?

5. ra gansxvavebas xedav, wyaroebis 3-5 mixedviT, Zvel da axal sacxovrebel saxlebs

Soris?

6. Seavse rveulSi cxrili: `Zveli da axali sacxovrebeli saxlebi qarTlSi~.

qarTli

41

1.7

meurneobis dargebi qarTlSi

ra sameurneo saqmianobas misdeven qarTlSi?

qarTlis kerZebi

qarTlis samzareulo

ganTqmulia

wvnianebiT. maT

miekuTvneba Sindis,

dosa da Rolos SeWamandebi,

puris xarCo.

qarTli ganTqmulia

agreTve mwnileulobiT,

magaliTad, jonjolis

mwniliT.

memindvreoba

qarTlelTa ZiriTadi saqmianoba memindvreoba iyo.

mindvrebSi maT marcvleuli, ZiriTadad, xorbali mohyavdaT.

Zvel qarTlelebs xorbleulis sxvadasxva jiSi

hqondaT gamoyvanili (dika, dolis puri, TavTuxi). maT

Soris erTi ZiriTadi gansxvavebaa: arsebobs iseTi jiSebi,

romlebic SemodgomiT iTeseba, Tesli mTeli zamTari

miwaSi rCeba da gazafxulze amodis. aseve, arsebobs

iseTi jiSi, romelic pirdapir gazafxulze iTeseba da

maleve aRmocendeba. saqarTvelo xorblis erT-erT

uZveles mwarmoebel qveynad aris aRiarebuli.

mosavali rom moeyvanaT, miwis moxvna iyo saWiro,

Semdeg daTesva, dafarcxva, Semosuli TavTavis momka,

galewva, dafqva, bolos gamocxoba. qarTlelTa mTavari

sakvebi puri da sxva mcenareuli kerZebi iyo. purs TorneSi

acxobdnen.

wyaro 1. Sindis SeWamandi

miwis moxvna

puris sacxobi

qarxana

daTesva-dafarcxva

wisqvilkombinati

davaleba

1. daasaxele, wyaro

1-is mixedviT, ra

gza unda gaiaros

xorbalma, rom

bolos puri,

funTuSa an sxva

namcxvari miirTva.

kalo, sadac Sreba

da niavdeba xorbali

wyaro 2. xorblidan puramde

specialuri manqaniT _ kombainiT

erTdroulad xdeba mosavlis

aReba (mka) da lewva

aRmoceneba da

momwifeba


mesaqonleoba

qarTlSi mesaqonleobac iyo ganviTarebuli. meurneobis

es dargi miwaTmoqmedebas did samsaxurs uwevda.

xarebis daxmarebiT xnavdnen. amave dros, mesaqonleobis

produqtebiT ikvebebodnen. cxvari ki, damatebiT,

matyls iZleoda. amis gamo Cveni winaprebi mecxvareobasac

misdevdnen. matylisgan Zafs arTavdnen da Zafisgan

tansacmels qsovdnen. mamakacebi cxvars rom gaparsavdnen,

Semdeg danarCen saqmes ukve qalebi asruleb dnen.

maTi movaleoba qsova da kervac iyo. winaT fexsacmelsac

Zroxisa da kameCis tyavisgan Tavad imzadebdnen.

dRes fabrikebSi mzaddeba qsovilic, tansacmelic da

fexsac melic.

wyaro 3. xeliT qsova

wyaro 4. dResaswauli qvaTaxevSi

davaleba

2. aRwere wyaro 4.

a) rogor acviaT qarTlel qalebsa da kacebs?

b) sufris rogor tradicias xedav da riT gansxvavdeba

igi dRevandelobisagan?

g) transportis romel saSualebebs xedav? riT gansxvavdeba

Tanamedrove transportisagan?

qarTli

43

wyaro 5. Ciri

mexileoba

mTel saqarTveloSi soflis meurneobis erT-erTi

mniSvnelovani dargi mexileoba iyo. am mxriv dRes gansakuTrebiT

cnobilia qarTli. xili vitaminebiT mdidaria,

Tumca ufro met vitamins Seicavs Ciri, romelsac

TiTqmis yvelanairi xilisgan amzadeben. Tu gazafxulze

Ciri Zalian gaxmeba, mas xarSaven da ise miirTmeven. tyemlisa

da qliavisgan tylapi mzaddeba, romelic aseve yelis

tkivilis wamalia. dRes xils specialur macivreb-

Si inaxaven, amitom zamTramde Zlebs. warsulSic xilis

zam TrisTvis cocxlad Senaxvis sxvadasxva gza icodnen.

magaliTad, vaSlsa da msxals miwasa da qvabebSi inaxavdnen.

Zvelad qarTlSi iseve, rogorc yvelgan saqarTveloSi,

xorceul sakvebs iSviaTad etanebodnen. dRemde

moRweulia sxvadasxva ucxoeli mogzauris werilobiTi

wyaroebi, sadac isini saqarTvelos mosaxleobas, maT

aRnagobasa da kvebis racions aRweren. ucxoeli mogzaurebi

yovelTvis aRniSnavdnen, rom qarTvelebi gamxdarni,

welwvrilni da koxtebi iyvnen. amas ki, sakvebTan er-

Tad, yoveldRiuri Sromac ganapirobebda. Zvel dros

qarTlSi zarmaci kacis naxva iSviaToba iyo.

davaleba

3. ra saSualebebiT inaxaven dRes xils didi xnis ganmavlobaSi?

4. Seni dakvirvebiT, ratom gaCnda qarTvelebSi da,

zogadad, adamianebSi zedmeti wonis problema? Sen

rogor zrunav imaze, rom zedmeti wonis problemam

ar Segawuxos?

5. ratom aris mniSvnelovani janmrTelobis SenarCunebisTvis

jansaRi kveba? ra rols asrulebs Sens

racionSi xili?

yurZnis Senaxvis xerxebi

yurZnis Senaxvas warsulSi saritualo daniSnulebac

hqonda. venaxSi, yvelaze msxmoiare vazis

ZirSi, miwas gaTxridnen, Sig Caafendnen Tivas da

Caawvendnen vazs, ormoSi Cawvenil msxmoiare vazs zemodan

msxvil joxebs an ficrebs gadaafarebdnen da

zemodan miwas daayridnen. axali wlis wina dRes miwa-

Si damarxul erT-erT vazs amoiRebdnen, vazs Rvinos

dausxamdnen, axal wels miulocavdnen da etyodnen: wyaro 6. yurZnis akido

ài, Seni mocemuli Rvino, Senve mogviloce da Senve

mogveci mravali Rvinoo“. danarCen damarxul vazs, rodesac undodaT, maSin amoi-

Rebdnen. ase, gvian gazafxulamde, SeeZloT yurZnis Wama. yurZnis Senaxvis kidev

erTi saSualeba iyo akidos gakeTeba. aseT dros vazs mtevnebianad moaWridnen

tots da zamTrisTvis inaxavdnen.


1.8

urTierTdaxmarebis tradicia

urTierTdaxmarebis ra tradicia arsebobda qarTlSi

da rogor vlindeba is dRes?

stiqiuri movlenebi da maTgan Tavdacva

adamiani bunebidan Zalian bevr saarsebo saSualebas, sakveb

produqts, samSeneblo masalas iRebs. miwis damuSaveba da mecxoveleobac

bunebasTan urTierTobas gulisxmobs. magram bevri sikeTis

garda, bunebas adamianisTvis zianis motanac SeuZlia. xSirad amaSi

damnaSave Tavad adamiania.

TbilisSi, veres xeobaSi, gmirTa moednisa da zooparkis teritoriaze,

sul raRac 50 wlis ganmavlobaSi, orjer moxda stiqiuri

movlena _ adidebulma verem adamianebi da cxovelebi imsxverpla

da qalaqs didi ziani miayena.

wyaro 1. Tbilisis zooparkis mimdebare teritoria 2015 wlis

13 ivniss momxdari wyalmovardnis Semdeg

wyaro 2. igive teritoria 2017 wels

qarTli

45

wyaro 3. „Zala erTobaSia“ _ Tbiliselebi stiqiis Sedegebs ebrZvian

davaleba

1. imsjeleT, ra

mniSvneloba aqvs

erTob livad

problemis gadaWras

(wya roebi 1-3).

2. gaixsene, ra

SemTxvevaSi

daexmare megobars,

xanSiSesuls an

gaWirvebuls.

mouyevi es istoria

Tanaklaselebs.

3. Camowere mizezebi,

romelmac mewyeri

gamoiwvia da mdinare

veres xeobaSi tragedia

daatrialda.

4. rogor SeebrZolnen

Tbiliselebi stiqiis

Sedegebs

(wyaro 3)?

5. rogor unda moiqcnen

adamianebi

mdinare veres msgavsi

tragediis Tavidan

asacileblad?

ubedurebis Tavidan asacileblad misi gamomwvevi

mizezebis dadgena aris saWiro. veres xeobaSi mosaxleoba

xelaxla XIX saukuneSi dasaxlda. Tbiliselebis

raodenobac swrafad izrdeboda. im dros energiis mTavari

wyaro naxSiri iyo. adgilobrivi mosaxleoba saxnav-saTesad

miwis nakveTebs tyis gaCexviT moipovebda,

Tan menaxSireobasac misdevda. naxSirze did moTxovnilebas

ki ufro meti xis moWra mohyva.

tye gaiCexa iq, sadac Zvelad xes aravin Wrida _ daferdebul

adgilebSi. didma wvimebma ki mewyeri gamoiwvia

zogierT im adgilas, sadac adre tyeebi iyo. Sedegad,

araerTi didi tragedia datrialda.

wyaro 4. mewyeri


davaleba

6. moiZie informacia, ratom gaCnda gamoTqma, `goreliviT

ra Sua gzaze dadixar!~

7. dagegmeT klasSi SabaToba. amisTvis winaswar moemzadeT:

a) gaecaniT xis dargvis wesebs.

b) moimarageT xis nergebi da niCbebi.

g) SearCieT adgili, sadac nergebs dargavT.

urTierTdaxmreba Zvelad

mxarSi amodgoma saqarTvelos yvela kuTxeSi Cveulebrivi

movlena iyo. qarTlSi adamianebi erTmaneTs

exmarebodnen xvna-Tesvis, mkis dros. sxvanairad warmoudgenelic

iyo, radgan did qarTul guTanSi daaxloebiT

16-18 xar-kameCs abamdnen. amdeni xar-kameCi ki

erT ojaxs iSviaTad hyavda. amitom aucilebeli iyo

Seamxanageba, urTi erTdaxmareba. aseT SromiT gaerTianebas

modgams uwodebdnen.

wyaro 5. modgami

qarTlSi erTmaneTs meurneobis sxva sferoSic exmarebodnen.

aq mewveli saqoneli cota hyavdaT, ris gamoc

SromiT gaerTianebas mimarTavdnen. amas xanulobas

uwodebdnen. xuTi an meti, an naklebi mezobeli erTiandeboda

da erTi kviris ganmavlobaSi Zroxis nawveli

erT mezobelTan iyrida Tavs, meore kviras _ meoresTan

da a. S. xanulobiT mcirericxovani pirutyvis patroni

zamTrisTvis yvelisa da erbos marags agrovebda.

qarTlSive mezoblebi da naTesavebi erTmaneTs mxar-

Si edgnen saxlis mSeneblobis drosac. usasyidlod exmarebodnen

qvrivebsa da oblebs. ase rom, mxarSi amodgoma

uZvelesi qarTuli tradiciaa. saqarTveloSi erTi

aseTi andazac arsebobs: „marto kaci WamaSic codoao“.

davaleba

8. rogor gesmis andaza

„marto kaci

WamaSic codoao“.

9. gamokiTxe megobrebi,

vinmes xom

ar sWirdeba Seni

daxmareba da Tu

SesaZlebloba gaqvs

daexmare.

10. SesTavaze, TanaklaselebTan

erTad,

skolis direqcias

daxmareba ezos

gamwvanebasa an sxva

raime RonisZiebaSi.

qarTli

47

ra vici da ra SemiZlia

1. gaixsene, romeli stiqiuri movlenebia yvelaze metad

damaxasiaTebeli qarTlisTvis.

2. moamzadeT jgufurad proeqti: `ra zomebia misaRebi

Cvens mxareSi stiqiuri ubedurebis Tavidan asacileblad~?

dagegmeT proeqtis ganxorcielebisaTvis aucilebeli

nabijebi:

a) aiReT interviu ufrosebisgan, romeli stiqiuri movlena

xdeba Tqvens mxareSi yvelaze xSirad, ra iwvevs

mas da ra Sedegebi mosdevs.

interviusTvis sagangebod moemzadeT:

• SeTanxmdiT, vis gamokiTxavT

• winaswar moifiqreT kiTxvebi da gainawileT isini

• CaiwereT pasuxebi diqtofonze an rveulSi

• SeajereT erTmaneTs miRebuli pasuxebi da gamoitaneT

daskvnebi: ra stiqiuri movlena xdeba yvelaze

xSirad Tqvens mxareSi, ra iwvevs mas, ufrosebis

azriT.

wyaro 1. mewyeri, misi mizezi da Sedegebi

wyaro 2. setyva


b) moiZieT internetSi damatebiTi informacia am stiqiur

movlenaze da mis mizezebze. amisTvis moZebneT, informatikis

maswavlebelTan erTad, Sesabamisi vebgverdebi.

g) SeajameT interviusa da internetis (anu eleqtronuli)

masalebi da moamzadeT prezentacia PPT-Si, sadac Tezisebis

saxiT CamoayalibebT kvlevis Sedegebs da warudgenT

klaselebs.

d) moamzadeT plakati. masze, Sesabamisi naxatis garda, iqneba

mowodeba, romelic gaaxsenebs sazogadoebas, ra

gziT SeiZleba misgan Tavdacva.

e) moawyeT plakatebis gamofena.

intervius forma

respodentis saxeli .........................

1. aris Tu ara aRniSnuli problema mniSvnelovani

da ratom?

2. rogoria saxelmwifos roli am problemebis mogvarebaSi?

3. ra damokidebuleba aqvT moqalaqeebs am problemis

mimarT?

4. sad SegviZlia movipovoT informacia am problemaze?

wyaro 3. plakatze

muSaoba

forma, interviuSi monawile

jgufis gegmis Sesadgenad

respodenti ................................

TariRi .........................................

adgili ..........................................

jgufis wevrebi: .........................

ZiriTadi kiTxva

kiTxvis

avtori

Canawerze

pasuxismgebeli

damatebiTi informaciis mopovebis sainformacio saSualebebi:

biblioTeka

beWduri media

maswavleblebi

eleqtronuli sainformacio saSualebebi.

qarTli

49

kari 2.

imereTi

am karSi gaicnob dasavleT saqar-

Tvelos erT-erT istoriul-eTnografiul

mxares _ imereTs. gecodineba,

sad mdebareobs, rogori buneba aqvs

da ra gavlena aqvs amas dasaxlebis

tipze, Senobebsa da meurneobis dargebze;

rogor axerxebdnen saxlebis

erTi adgilidan meoreze gadatanas;

ratom dadioda imereTis mosaxleoba

garesamuSaoebze; rogor Seicvala

droTa ganmavlobaSi es mxare; kulturis

romeli Zeglebi mdebareobs imereTSi

da ratom unda gavufrTxildeT

maT.

g r

m e

s a

g

l

e

xoni wyaltubo

!. !.

saTaflias

nakrZali

samtredia

!.

geguTi

d a b l o b i

!

sajavaxo

u

cxeniswyali

m

o - z e

rioni

r

a

o s v

!.

vani

okaces CanCq.

promeTe

kolxeTis

i

n

e T

a

i

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mxaris centri

municipalitetis centri

sxva dasaxlebuli punqti

kurorti

gzebi

avtomagistrali

gzatkecili

rkinigza

sazRvrebi

saxelmwifos

istoriul-geografiuli

provinciis

daculi teritoriis

hidrografia sxva aRniSvnebi

simaRliTi

mdinare

niSnuli

tba,

uReltexili

wyalsacavi

CanCqeri

karstuli mRvime

aeropotri

51

2.1

imereTis mdebareoba da buneba

sad mdebareobs imereTi da bunebis romeli

RirsSesaniSnaobebia iq?

imereTi saqarTvelos erT-erTi yvelaze didi istoriul-eTnografiuli

mxarea. geografiulad mas saqarTvelos

centraluri adgili ukavia. saxelwodeba

„imereTi“ warmoiSva sityvidan „imieri“ anu lixis qedis

iqiTa, imieri mxare. lixis qedi saqarTvelos aRmosa v-

leT da dasavleT nawilebad yofs. eTnografiuli da

geografiuli TvalsazrisiT, imereTi or nawilad iyofa

_ zemo imereTad da qvemo imereTad. mravali saukunis

win imereTs argveTsac uwodebdnen. imereTis centria

qalaqi quTaisi.

wyaro 1. quTaisis xedi

davaleba

1. CamoTvale, rukis (gv. 50-51) daxmarebiT, saqarTvelos romeli kuTxeebi esazRvreba

imereTs.

2. gaarkvie, rukis (gv. 6-7) daxmarebiT, romeli uReltexili unda gaiaro, Tu

imereTidan samanqano gziT raWaSi waxval.

3. gaarkvie, saqarTvelos istoriul-eTnografiuli mxareebis rukis daxmarebiT (gv.

8-9), romeli mxareebi unda gadavkveToT quTaisidan Sav zRvamde misasvlelad.

4. CamoTvlilTagan, romeli dasaxlebuli punqtebi ar mdebareobs imereTis

teritoriaze _ quTaisi, zestafoni, samtredia, saCxere, WiaTura, vani, baTumi,

gori, Terjola, baRdaTi, Telavi, SroSa, mestia.

5. moZebne rukaze (gv. 50-51), romeli daculi teritoriebi mdebareobs imereTSi.


zemo imereTi da qvemo imereTi erTmaneTisgan bunebrivi

pirobebiT gansxvavdeba. zemo imereTi mTagoriani

mxarea, sadac bevri gorak-borcvi da xeobaa. misi hava

ufro mSralia, vidre qvemo imereTSi, romelic kolxe-

Tis dablobzea gaSlili. aq, ZiriTadad, vake adgilebia.

imereTi mdidaria mRvimeebiT. yvelas bunebis Zeglis

statusi aqvs miniWebuli da maTze saxelmwifo gansakuTrebulad

zrunavs. mravalricxovani mRvimeebidan

aRsaniSnavia promeTes, saTaflias, wyaltubos (TeTras),

navenaxevis mRvimeebi. miwisqveS arsebuli darbazebi

mdidaria stalaqtitebiT, stalagmitebiT, gaqvavebuli

CanCqerebiT da Camokidebuli qvis fardebiT. saTaflia

erTaderTi adgilia msoflioSi, sadac dinozavrebis

200-mde nakvalevia aRmoCenili.

stalaqtiti

stalagmiti

wyaro 2. promeTes mRvime

wyaro 3. dinozavris nakvalevi. wyaltubo-

Si aRmoCenili dinozavris nakvalevi daaxloebiT

50-60 milioni wlis winandelia.

mecnierebi amtkiceben, rom im periodSi

saqar Tvelos teritoriaze aTobiT sxvadasxva

saxeobis dinozavri cxovrobda.

maTi umetesoba balaxismWameli iyo, Tumca

mtacebeli dinozavrebic iyvnen.

wyaro 4. dinozavris aRdgenili ConCxi

davaleba

6. moamzade prezentacia Temaze „dinozavrebi

saqarTveloSi“. gamoikvlie

maTi gadaSenebis mizezi.

dava lebis momzadebisas gamoiyene

dam x mare masalebi vebgverdidan:

http://tskaltubo-crt.ge/portfolio/sataplia/

7. warmoadgine prezentacia imereTis

Semajamebel gakveTilze.

imereTi

53

saqarTveloSi erT-erTi yvelaze Rrma kanioni _

okace da maRali CanCqeri _ kinCxa imereTSi mdebareobs.

es mxare aseve cnobilia bunebis erT-erTi saocrebiT _

kacxis svetiT, romelic zemo imereTis sofel kacxSia.

es aris bunebrivi kldovani qvis masa, romelsac svetis

forma aqvs. misi simaRle 40 metria. maRali svetis Tavze

Cvenma winaprebma eklesia aaSenes.

bunebis saocrebebis garda, imereTi ganTqmulia

samkurnalo wylebiT da wiaRiseuliT. aq aris cnobili

kurortebi wyaltubo da sairme. qvanaxSiriT mdidaria

tyibuli, xolo manganumiT _ WiaTura.

wyaro 5. CanCqeri kinCxa

wyaro 6. kacxis sveti

wyaro 7. kurorti sairme

sairme

xalxSi gavrcelebuli Tqmulebis

Tanaxmad, sair mis wyaroebi daWrili

irmis kvals adevnebulma monadireebma

aRmoaCines. im adgilze, sadac

irmis jogebi xSirad iyridnen Tavs,

JangiT gawiTlebul qveb ze wyaro miedineboda.

wyarodan cota moSorebiT

mwyemsebma kidev erTi ucnauri adgili

SeamCnies, sadac balaxi mudam

mwvane iyo, Tovli swrafad dneboda,

xolo wvimis Semdeg miwa ramdenime

wuTSi Sreboda. rogorc gairkva, am

saocrebis mizezi Termuli mineraluri

wyali iyo.

samkurnalo wylis garda, sairmeSi

wiwvovani da foTlovani tyeebi da

sufTa haeria. amitom iq janmrTelobis

gasaumjobeseblad

yvela piroba aris Seqmnili.


wyaro 8. mdinare wyalwiTela

legenda wyalwiTelaze

imereTSi miedineba mowiTalo feris mdinare,

romelsac wyalwiTela hqvia. misi mowiTalo

feris gamo xalxma legenda Seqmna, romlis

mixedviT, mdinaris wyali erT-erTi brZolis

Semdeg wiTlad SeiReba. gadmocemiT, am brZolaSi

qarTvelebma mteri sastikad daamarcxes da mdinarec

amis Semdeg gawiTlda. magram es mxolod legendaa.

simarTle ki is aris, rom wyals wiTeli

feri wiTeli miwis gamo aqvs.

davaleba

8. rogor fiqrob, ra aris saWiro, rom davicvaT

cxov rebis jansaRi wesi. aseTi cxovrebis wesisTvis

sairmeSi ra pirobebi arsebobs?

9. moiZie informacia, kidev romeli samkurnalo kurortebi

mdebareobs imereTSi. ra daavadebebs kurnaven

iq?

10. ratom ewoda mdinares wyalwiTela?

11. bunebis romeli saocrebebia Sens mxareSi? moiZie

maTze informacia.

12. romeli wiaRiseulia Sens mxareSi? risTvis iyeneben

mas?

leqsikoni

kanioni _ mdinaris

Rrma xeoba.

stalaqtiti _ gamoqva -

bulis TaRidan konu

sisebur svetad

CamogrZelebuli

Sve rili, romelic

ga Ce nilia CamoJonili

ki riani wylis

wveTebisgan.

stalagmiti _ gamoqvabulis

Ziridan konusisebur

svetad

aRmarTuli Sverili,

romelic gaCeni lia

TaRidan Camonadeni

kiriani wylis

wveTebisagan.

imereTi

55

2.2

dasaxlebis tipebi imereTSi

ra gavlena aqvs garemos imereTis dasaxlebis tipebze?

leqsikoni

konsuli _ Tanamdebobis

piri, romelic

Tavisi saxelmwifos

da misi moqalaqeebis

interesebs warmoadgens

da icavs ucxo

saxelmwifos romelime

teritoriaze.

mosaxleoba zemo imereTSi, umetesad, xeobebSia dasaxlebuli.

maTi soflebi did teritoriazea gaSlili

da sxvadasxva ubnisgan Sedgeba.

qvemo imereTSi dasaxleba ufro gaSlilia da

ezo-karmidamoebic didia. mTagorakiani da tyiani reliefis

gamo, imereTSi mteri iSviaTad aRwevda. amitom

ar iyo aucilebeli mosaxleobis erTad, Sejgufulad,

cxovreba.

wyaro 1. sofeli zemo imereTSi

davaleba

1. aRwere, wyaro

2-is mixedviT, XVII

saukunis Suaxa ne bSi

imereTis dasaxlebis

tipebi.

wyaro 2. me-17 saukunis Suaxanebis ruseTis elCi

imereTSi dasaxlebis tipebze

`soflebi da dabebi, agreTve TviT soflebsa

da dabebSi saxlebi, erTmaneTisagan dacilebulia,

gafantulia borcvebze, dablobebze, mTebs Soris

da mTebzedac. maTi dasaxleba da saxnav-saTesic iq

aris, sadac wyaroebia. mxolod mijriT, erTad ki

ar arian dasaxlebulebi, aramed ori, sami, aTi da

oc-oci komli da esenic erTmaneTisgan erTi isris

tyorcnis manZiliT arian daSorebulebi. yovel ezos

garSemortymuli aqvs yvelanairi xileuli da vazi. ise

gegoneba, tyeSi cxovroben, arc ki moCans“.


wyaro 3. sofeli qvemo imereTSi

wyaro 4. safrangeTis konsuli me-19 saukunis 20-ian

wlebSi imerelTa dasaxlebebze

„imerlebi sameurneod dablobs iyeneben, magram saxlkarad

maRlob platoebs, wyaroebTan axlos. ciebisagan

Tavis dasacavad, am windaxedulobis garda... sax lebSi

cecxli mudmivad, dRedaRam, unTiaT. es haeris gawmendis

yvelaze saukeTeso saSualebaa da, amasTanave, miwis

sinestesac STanTqavs...“

davaleba

2. daaxasiaTe,

wyaroebis 1-4, aseve,

gakveTilis 2.1

teqstis daxmarebiT

imereTis buneba.

3. rogor fiqrob,

wyaro 4-Si frangi

konsulis sityvebi

qvemo imerlebs

exeba Tu zemo

imerlebs? pasuxi

daasabuTe.

4. Seadare erTmaneTs

wyaroebi 2 da 4: ra

daemTxva da riT

gansxvavdeba am ori

avtoris aRwera?

imeruli sacxovrebeli saxlebi

ori saukunis win imereTSi garda erTsarTuliani

saxlebisa, orsarTulian saxlebsac aSenebdnen. orsarTuliani

odasaxlis pirvel sarTuls qviTkiriT an,

nawilobriv, xiT aSenebdnen. meore sarTuli mTlianad

ficrisagan iyo Sekruli. xis saxlebi, ZiriTadad, qvis

svetebze iyo dayrdnobili, ris wyalobiTac, saxli

wyaro 5. imeruli erTsarTuliani odasaxli.

galak tion da tician tabiZeebis saxl-muzeumi

sof. WyviSSi

wyaro 6. Tanamedrove saxli imereTSi

imereTi

57

leqsikoni

sabZeli _ bzisa da

saqonlis sxva sakvebis

Sesanaxi nageboba.

yavari _ Senoba-nagebobis

gadasaxurad

gamoyenebuli Txeli

ficari.

owinari _ simZimeTa

asawevi teqnikuri

xelsawyo.

davaleba

5. rogor fiqrob, ratom

agebdnen imereTSi,

ZiriTadad,

xis saxlebs?

6. daakvirdi wyaroebs

6 da 7. romel ganaxlebul

detalebs

xedav? axseni Seni

mosazreba.

7. raze metyvelebs

imereli glexis

kar-midamoSi sxvadasxva

daniSnulebis

sameurneo nagebobebis

arseboba?

8. Seni azriT, ratom

dgamdnen saxlebs

qvis svetebze.

9. imsjele, ra mizezebiT

SeiZleba aixsnas

saxlebis erTi

adgilidan meoreze

gadatanis survili

an saWiroeba.

sinestisgan iyo daculi. odas wina mxridan (zogjer

gverdebidanac) lamazi aivani miuyveboda. aivnis moajiri

moCuqurTmebuli iyo. imereli glexis kar-midamo

sxvadasxva daniSnulebis sameurneo nagebobebs moicavda:

nalia, sabZeli, saqaTme, marani, boseli, saRore...

saxlebis gadaadgilebis imeruli tradicia

imereTSi saxlebTan dakavSirebiT erTi tradicia

hqondaT. vinaidan imeruli saxlebi xisgan (ficrisgan)

iyo Sekruli da qvis svetebze idga, SesaZlebeli

iyo saxlis erTi adgilidan meoreze gadatana. dRes

msgavsi ram aravis ukvirs da msoflios sxvadasxva

kuTxeSi xSirad gadaaqvT saxlebi, Tumca warsul-

Si mZime teqnikisa da satvirTo manqanebis gareSe

es gacilebiT rTuli iyo. saxlis gadatanis dros

mezoblebi erTmaneTs exmarebodnen. tyeSi Wridnen

msxvil xeebs da maT ise asufTavebdnen, rom sagoravad

gamom dgariyo. sagoravebis raode noba saxlis

zomaze iyo damokidebuli. saxls kramits an yavars

moxsnidnen, owinarebiT awevdnen da sagoravebze dadebdnen.

sagoravebiT, ra manZilzedac undodaT, gadaitandnen

da axal adgilas kvlav svetebze dgamdnen.

imereli glexis TqmiT, „qe wivwivebda saxli,

mara ar irRveoda“. imereTis msgavsad, saxlebi

samegreloSic gadahqondaT.

wyaro 7. imerlebi. XIX saukunis meore naxevari

davaleba

10. aRwere wyaro 7. rogoria imerelebis samosi. ra

msgavsebas an gansxvavebas xedav sxva mxareebis, magaliTad,

qarTlis samosisgan (gv. 43, wyaro 4).


2.3

imerelTa sameurneo saqmianoba

ra gavlena aqvs garemos imereTis mosaxleobis sameurneo

saqmianobaze?

qvemoimerelTa da zemoimerelTa sameurneo saqmianoba

gansxvavebuli iyo. qvemo imereTSi baRebSi aqvT

dafna, leRvi, xurma, mandarini, Cai. zemo imereTSi ki,

iSviaTi gamonaklisis garda, es xili gavrcelebuli ar

aris. qvemo imereTSi, ZiriTadad, marcvleuli kulturebi

mohyavdaT, magram aq vazi naklebad iyo gavrcelebuli.

samagierod maRlob adgilebSi anu zemo imereTSi,

umTavresad, mevenaxeobasa da mesaqonleobas misdevdnen.

imereTis platoze, ZiriTadad, marcvleuli kulturebis

moyvaniT iyvnen dakavebuli. aq marcvleulis yvela

jiSi arsebobda, magram upiratesobas mainc fetvsa da

Roms aniWebdnen. simindis kulturis Semosvlis Semdeg

ki is wamyvani kultura gaxda.

leqsikoni

plato _ zRvis donidan

maRla mdebare

vake.

fuCeCi _ simindis taros

garSemo Semoxveuli

foToli.

simindi saqarTveloSi

simindis samSobloa centraluri

da samxreT amerika.

saqarTveloSi is XVII saukune-

Si gavrcelda da mas Semdeg

didi mowonebiT sargeblobs.

misi movla da gadamuSaveba,

RomTan da sxva mcenareul

kulturebTan SedarebiT, wyaro 1. simindi

bevrad advilia. is mosavliania.

dReisaTvis xorblis Semdeg simindi yvelaze

gavrcelebuli mcenareuli kulturaa. man dasavleT

saqarTveloSi bevri adgilobrivi kultura, maT Soris,

Romi da fetvi Caanacvla. droTa ganmavlobaSi,

saqarTveloSi simindis axali jiSi gamoiyvanes, romelic

adgilobriv klimatur pirobebs kargad

Seegua da uxvmosavlianobiT gamoirCeva.

saqarTveloSi simindi yovelmxriv gamosayenebeli

mcenarea. mosaxleoba mis marcvals sakvebad iyenebs;

ReroTi da marcvlebmoclili taroTi zamTarSi Sinaur

cxovelebs kvebavs; simindis wverisagan samkurnalo

nayens xarSavs, xolo fuCeCiT gazafxulze vazis

ylortebs abams, rom sigrZeSi sasurveli mimarTulebiT

gaizardos.

imereTi

59

nugbari

kosmetika

wamali

davaleba

1. rogor fiqrob,

ratom Caanacvla

simindis kulturam

Romis kultura saqarTveloSi?

2. CamoTvale, risTvis

iyeneben dRes siminds?

3. Seqmeni Seni samzareulos

wesebi. daasaxele

(Seni azriT)

romeli imeruli

kerZebi mouxdeba

simindisgan momzadebul

produqts.

frinvelis

sakvebi

nayini

zeTi

Cifsebi,

funTuSa

gamagrilebeli

sasmeli

sawvavi

wyaro 2. simindis gamoiyeneba sxvadasxva daniSnulebiT

wyaro 3. imeruli xaWapuri

imeruli samzareulo

imeruli samzareulos mSvenebaa xaWapuri. aq, rogorc

wesi, kecze acxoben. ikvebebian mxaleuliTa da

frinvelis xorciT. mxaleuls imereTSi nigvziTa da

ZmriT, sunelebiT kazmaven, Semwvar xorceuls ki niorwyalSi

an sawebelSi awyoben. aqaurebis siamayea

cxovelebis Signeulobisagan damzadebuli kerZi _

kuWmaWi. imereTSi tradiciulad amzadeben sokos

kerZebs, romelTaganac gamoirCeva qamasokos, niyvisa

da manWkvalasagan damzadebuli kerZebi. aqaurebis

ZiriTadi saWmelia amolesili lobio, romelsac

xSirad nigvziT an daduRebuli tyemlis

wveniT, kvawaraxiT amzadeben.

leqsikoni

imereTSi vazi da xexili ZiriTadad ezoSi hqondaT

darguli ise, rom Soridan tyes hgavda da saxlebi TiTqmis

ar Canda. jer kidev Sua saukeneebSi TiToeuli

ojaxi gadasaxadis saxiT 13-dan 25 kokamde Rvinos ixdida.

imerel mevenaxeebs saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi vazis

75-ze meti jiSi hqondaT gamoyvanili. mevenaxeobis forkoka

_ siTxis Casasxmeli

WurWeli, romel-

Sic 16-dan 24 litramde

siTxe eteva.


mebi bevrnairi iyo _ hqondaT rogorc bunebriv, aseve

xelovnur sayrdenze gamarTuli venaxi. aq erTmaneTs

enacvleboda maRlari da dablari venaxi. marTalia,

maRlari vazi rTuli mosavlelia da mosavalic cota

aqvs, magram maRla gaSvebuli vazi xalisobs, radgan mas

niavi uvlis da obi ar ekideba.

leqsikoni

maRlari vazi _ xeze

aSvebuli vazi.

wyaro 5. frangi mogzauri baroni de bai

imereTSi vazis Sesaxeb:

„vazi am qveyanaSi yvela mcenaris dedo falia,

xolo Rvino adamianisTvis nam dvil kults

warmoadgens“.

wyaro 4. venaxi zemo imereTSi

davaleba

4. ratom jobs gril da nestian adgil ze

maRlari venaxi dablars?

5. gadmoeci Seni sityvebiT frangi mog -

zauris sityvebi (wyaro 5).

imereTi saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi dasavleT saqar-

TveloSi sameTuneo warmoebis centri iyo. dRes ki Tixis

warmoeba ramdenime sofelSia SemorCenili. ukve

aRaravin iyenebs Tixis WurWels ojaxebSi da igi mxolod

suvenirad iqca. sofeli SroSa, rikoTis uReltexilze,

saavtomobilo gzis piras mdebareobs. iq dRemde

awarmoeben Tixis nakeTobebs da adgilze yidian.

davaleba

6. rogor fiqrob, ram

Seuwyo xeli sofel

SroSaSi meTuneobis

ganviTarebas?

7. ras amzadeben imerlebi

Tixisgan

(wyaro 6)?

wyaro 6. Tixis nakeTobebiT vaWroba gzis

piras sofel SroSaSi

imereTi

61

2.4

kulturis Zeglebi imereTSi

kulturis romeli Zeglebi mdebareobs imereTSi da ratom unda

gavufrTxildeT maT?

imereTSi qarTuli kulturis araerTi mniSvnelovani

Zeglia. aq mdebareobs: gelaTis samonastro kompleqsi,

bagratis taZari, ubisa da mowameTa. gelaTi daviT

aRmaSeneblis aSenebulia. iq aris rogorc misi, aseve Tamarisa

da sxva mefeTa freskebi.

wyaro 1. gaerTianebuli saqarTvelos pirveli

mefis bagrat mesamis agebuli bagratis ta-

Zari (rekonstruqciamde), romelic quTaisSi

mTavar goraze dgas da romelic quTaisis

sxvadasxva ubnidan kargad Cans. taZari XVII

saukunis bolos imereTSi SeWrilma osmalebma

daangries.

wyaro 2. bagratis taZari rekonstruqciis

Semdeg, romelic 2009 wels

daiwyo. rekonstruqciis Sedegad

Zeglma axali detalebi SeiZina.

wyaro 3. mowameTas samonastro kompleqsi


mowameTas samonastro kompleqsi wyalwiTelas xeobaSia.

es saxeli mas didi xnis win ewoda. VIII saukune-

Si saqarTveloSi SeWril mters argveTis mTavrebma _

daviTma da konstantinem didi winaaRmdegoba gauwies.

bolos mainc damarcxdnen da tyved Cavardnen, maTi vaJkacobiT

moxiblul mters Zmebis upirobod daxocva ar

surda, amitom maT qristianuli sarwmunoebis Secvla

mosTxova, uaris miRebis Semdeg ki sikvdiliT dasaja.

mosax leobam gmiri mTavrebi maTsave aSenebul monasterSi

daasvena da am adgils mowameTa uwoda.

wyaro 4. gelaTis samonastro kompleqsi

gelaTi saukuneebis manZilze imereTisa da sruliad

saqarTvelos kulturuli centri iyo. aq mdebareobda

akademia, sadac saswavleblad mTeli saqarTvelodan da

sazRvargareTidanac ki Camodiodnen.

davaleba

1. moiZie, ra sagnebs aswavlidnen gelaTis akademiaSi.

dRes maTgan romels aswavlian da romels ara? axseni,

ratom.

2. moiZie, ras niSnavs argveTi.

3. ra wesebs icav kulturuli memkvidreobis Zeglebsa

da muzeumebSi eqskursiis dros.

4. moiZie informacia vebgverdidan bagratis taZris

rekonstruqciaze. ratom amoiRo bagratis taZari

iuneskom msoflio memkvidreobis ZeglTa siidan.

5. imsjeleT, ra mniSvneloba aqvs Zeglis pirvandeli

iersaxis SeanrCunebas.

leqsikoni

muzeumi _ Seswavlis,

ganaTlebis mizniT

an vizualuri siamovnebisTvis

iZens,

inaxavs, ikvlevs da

gamohfens adamian-

Ta Semoqmedebisa da

maTi garemos aRmwer

faqtebze arsebul

mniSvnelovan masalas.

imereTi

63

2.5

yoveldRiuri cxovreba imereTSi

rogori iyo da ramdenad Seicvala saojaxo yofa imereTSi?

davaleba

1. Seni azriT, warsul-

Si bavSvebi rogor

iRebdnen ganaTlebas,

Tu mTeli dRe

saqonlis mwyemsva

uwevdaT?

2. axseni, ratom xnaven

miwas xarebiT zemo

imereTSi (wyaro 1).

3. ratom midiodnen

imereTidan garesamuSaoze?

4. rogor fiqrob,

dRes ra mizeziT

dadian imereTis

soflebidan garesamuSaoze?

5. imsjeleT klasSi,

ra SeiZleba gakeTdes

imisTvis, rom

Semcirdes imereTidan

garesamuSaoze

wasvlis msurvelTa

raodenoba. amisTvis

gaixseneT meurneobis

tradiciuli

dargebi imereTSi,

bunebrivi simdidreebi,

istoriuli

Zeglebi da sxv. informacia

imereTis

Sesaxeb.

saojaxo yofa adamianis yoveldRiuri saqmianobaa.

warsulSi teqnologiebi ar iyo ganviTarebuli da adamianebi,

dRevandelTan SedarebiT, ufro bevrs Sromobdnen.

maTi ZiriTadi saojaxo saqmianoba soflis

meurneoba iyo.

dRes ojaxebis umravlesobaSi Cveulebrivi dRe

dilis 9 saaTze samsaxurSi wasvliT iwyeba. warsulSi

yvela sakuTar ojaxSi iyo dasaqmebuli. mamakacebi saojaxo

saqmeebis Sesasruleblad gamTeniisas dgebodnen.

imereTSi mesaqonleobasac misdevdnen da miwaTmoqmedebasac,

amitom jer Sinaur saqonels gaistumrebdnen

saZovarze da mogvianebiT miwaze samuSaod midiodnen.

qalebi ZiriTadad saxlSi iyvnen da saojaxo saqmeebs

asrulebdnen. bavSvebs ki xSirad pirutyvis mwyemsoba

evalebodaT. dRes qalebic da kacebic sxvadasxva samsaxurSi

erTnairad muSaoben, bavSvebi ki skolaSi dadian.

imerlebi garesamuSaoebze

zemo imereTis mosaxleoba dasamuSavebeli miwis

naklebobis gamo garesamuSaoze ZiriTadad qarTlSi dadioda.

iq erT ojaxs saSualod erTnaxevari-ori dRis

saxnavi miwa hqonda im dros, rodesac qarTlSi erTi

komli saSualod oci dRis saxnavs flobda. imereTSi

terminic ki arsebobda _ „naqarTli“, romelic iseT

kacs ewodeboda, romelic qarTlSi samuSaod dadioda.

xSirad Sida qarTlSi imerel momRerlebs qorwilSic

iwvevdnen.

garesamuSaoebze siarulis tradicia zemo imereTSi

dRemde SemorCa. TbilisSi samSeneblo-saremonto

samuSaoebs, ZiriTadad, saCxeridan da WiaTuris

soflebidan Casuli mosaxleoba awarmoebs.

wyaro 1. miwis damuSaveba xarebiT


rogor amzadebdnen imereTSi savarcxels

saqarTvelos mosaxleoba savarcxels, Cveulebriv, maRaziaSi yidu lobs, Tumca

Zvelad maRaziebi ar iyo. maSin Cveni winaprebi savarcxels Tavad amzadebdnen.

misi damzadeba yvelam ar icoda. imereTSi da, aseve, raWaSi amis mcodneni bevrni

iyvnen.

saukuneebis win imereTSi savarcxeli cxovelis moxarSuli rqisgan mzaddeboda.

jer kidev 150 wlis win imerel ostatebs savar cxeli

didi raodenobiT qarTlSi gasayidad an gasacvlelad

gahqondaT.

qarTlSi erTi xalxuri leqsi iyo gavrcelebuli:

„getyoba imereli xar,

zurgze gkidia gideli,

Sig savarcxlebi giwyvia,

qalaqSi gasayideli“.

davaleba

6. Seni azriT, dRes ra masalisgan

da rogor amzadeben savarcxels?

yabaxi _ sportuli TamaSi

yabaxi Zveli qarTuli cxenosnuri

TamaSia, romelic imereTSi

popularuli iyo. TamaSis dros

mSvildosani mxedrebi sastarto

xazTan mwkrivdebodnen. niSanze

erT-erTi mxedari WenebiT uaxlovdeboda

daaxloebiT eqvsmetrian

anZas, romelzec Semodebuli iyo

Tasi. anZasTan sasurvel manZilze

miaxloebisas mxedari miznis mimarTulebiT

isars isroda. gamarjveba

mas rCeboda, vinc yvelaze

mokle droSi samiznes metjer

gadmoagdebda.

davaleba

7. CamoTvale, romel sportul

TamaSobebs icnob. ra rols asrulebs

sporti cxovrebis jansaRi

wesis dacvaSi? Sen romeli

maTganiT xar dakavebuli?

wyaro 2. yabaxi quTaisSi. kastelis naxati

imereTi

65

2.6

imereTis qalaqebi

rogor da ratom icvleboda imereTis regioni?

warsulSi imereTis mosaxleoba, ZiriTadad, soflebSi

cxovrobda da soflis meurneobas misdevda. XX saukunis

meore naxevridan bevri adamiani qalaqebSi gadasaxlda da

sxvadasxva qarxanaSi dasaqmda. winaT imereTSi, quTaisis

garda, arc erTi qalaqi ar iyo. XX saukuneSi ramdenime

axali qalaqi gaCnda. qalaqis warmoqmna bunebrivad xdeba,

rodesac raime adgili did mniSvnelobas iZens da iq bevri

xalxi iyris Tavs. imereTSi ase warmoiSva qalaqi WiaTura.

WiaTura mdinare yvirilas viwro da daklaknil xeoba-

Si mdebareobs. legendis mixedviT, mas saxeli bunebrivad

Seerqva. dRevandeli WiaTuris adgilas patara sofeli

iyo da masze mgzavrma ikiTxa, „Wiaa Tu raa?“ ase Seerqva

WiaTuras saxeli.

wyaro 1. WiaTura 100 wlis win

wyaro 2. WiaTuraSi sabagiro gzebi

gadaad gilebis erT-erTi ZiriTadi

saSualebaa

WiaTuris qalaqad gadaqcevis istoria da akaki wereTeli

XIX saukunis bolos WiaTuraSi mniSvnelovani madani _ manganumi aRmoCnda. bunebis

es simdidre xeluxlebeli iyo, vidre akaki wereTlis uSualo iniciativiTa

da xelmZRvanelobiT ar daiwyo sabados geologiuri gamokvleva da Semdeg misi

damuSaveba. ucxoelebis dainteresebis mizniT akaki wereTelma WiaTuris sabados

Sesaxeb broSura Seadgina da peterburgSi inglisur, frangul, germanul da rusul

enebze gamosca. madnis mopovebis dawyebam ganapiroba WiaTuris qalaqad gadaqceva.

madnis mopovebis istoria TviT qalaqis istoriac aris. ìq sadac dRes arc gzaa da

arc kvali, rkinigza mova, es udabno, WiaTura, gaSendeba~, _ werda akaki.

WiaTuraSi manganumis msoflio maragis TiTqmis naxevaria. amitom misi aRmo-

Cenidan ramdenime weliwadSi iq marTlac gaiyvanes rkinigza, aages sabagiro

gzebi. amas ramdenime aTasi adamianiT mosaxleobis zrda mohyva.


quTaisis daarsebas didi xnis istoria aqvs. jer kidev

asi aTasi wlis win am teritoriaze adamianebi saxlobdnen

da mas Semdeg es kvali ar Sew yvetila. rogorc

qalaqi, igi savaraudod, 3 500 wlis win daarsda. quTaisi

evropis erT-erTi uZvelesi qalaqia. igi pirvelad moxseniebulia

Zvel berZnul miTSi argonavtebis Sesaxeb,

sadac mas kvitaias (aia) uwodeben. quTaisi dasav leT saqarTvelos

kulturuli da politikuri centria. dRes

iq saqarTvelos parlamenti mdebareobs, rac mis politikur

mniSvnelobas zrdis da xels uwyobs qalaqis ganviTarebas.

marTlmadidebeli qarTvelebis garda, quTaisi mniS v-

nelovani qalaqi iyo qarTveli ebraelebisa da kaTolike

qarTvelebisTvis. aq ebraelebis didi jgufi cxovrobda.

XIX saukunis dasawyisSi isini qalaqis mosaxleobis

25 procents Seadgendnen. maT sakuTari salocavi saxlis

aSenebisa da locvis ufleba hqondaT. bolo aTwleulebis

ganmavlobaSi ebraelebis didi nawili israelSi

gadasaxlda.

quTaisSi moRvawe kaTolike qarTvelebidan aRsaniSnavia

kompozitori zaqaria faliaSvili, romlis saxelsac

Tbilisis operisa da baletis Teatri atarebs.

quTaislebis

roli Tbilisis

saxelmwifo universitetis

daarsebaSi

pirveli qarTuli

universitetis Tormeti

damaarseblidan

Svidi quTaiseli iyo.

magaliTad, filosofosi

Salva nucubiZe,

fsiqologi dimitri

uznaZe, maTematikosi

andria razmaZe, filologebi

_ ioseb

yifSiZe, korneli

kekeliZe

da sxv.

wyaro 3. saqarTvelos parlamentis Senoba quTaisSi

davaleba

1. daakavSire akaki wereTlis sityvebi WiaTuraze wyaro 1-s. rogor fiqrob, wyaro

1-ze gamosaxuli WiaTuris foto madnis mopovebis dawyebamdea gadaRebuli Tu

mis Semdeg.

2. Seni azriT, rogor axasiaTebs akaki wereTels misi wvlili WiaTuris qalaqad gadaqcevaSi.

3. moiZie informacia imereTis samrewvelo qalaqebze. imsjeleT am qalaqebSi arsebuli

problemebisa da maTi gadaWris gzebze.

4. axseni, ratom gaizarda WiaTuris mosaxleoba da ra Sedegi mohyva amas.

5. rogor fiqrob, dRes romelime soflis qalaqad gadaqceva SesaZlebelia Tu ara?

pasuxi daasabuTe.

6. moniSne drois xazze, rodis daarsda quTaisi.

7. moiZie, romeli operebi dawera zaqaria faliaSvilma?

8. dagegmeT zaqaria faliaSvilis operaze „abesalom da eTeri“ daswreba.

imereTi

67

ra vici da ra SemiZlia

1. moawyeT eqskursia mxareTmcodneobis muzeumSi (an Tbilisis muzeumSi Ria

cis qveS). eqskursiisTvis sagangebod moemzadeT:

• gadaimeoreT ganvlili masalidan Tqv en Tvis saintere so sakiTxebi.

• moiZieT maTze damatebiTi informacia.

2. ganixileT eqskursiis Sedegebi:

• ra iyo axali, rac muzeumSi naxe?

• CainiSne rveulSi muzeumSi miRebuli damatebiTi infor macia.

• gaakeTe im nivTis Canaxati, romelic mogewoneba.

• daicavi muzeumSi qcevis wesebi.

3. megobrebTan erTad, klasSi moawyeT eTnografiuli nivTebis kuTxe.

• saxlSi moZebneT Zveli nivTebi da erTad mouyareT Tavi.

• moiZieT TiToeuli nivTis istoria da moirgeT eqskursiamZRolis

roli.

4. moawyeT Zveli saTamaSoebis kuTxe. saxlSi moZebneT mSoblebis naxmari

saTamaSoebi da erTad mouyareT Tavi. aseve SeagroveT xelnakeTi saTamaSoebi

(winaT xom yvela saTamaSos xeliT akeTebdnen!). aswavleT erTmaneTs,

risi gakeTebac SegiZliaT, magaliTad, qaRaldis navebis, sxvadasxva

masalisgan Tojinebis da a.S.

5. warmoadgineT PPT-Si jgufuri (3-4 moswavle) prezentacia Temaze _ „dinozavrebi

saqarTveloSi“, romlis momzadeba imereTis karis meore gakve-

Tilis Semdeg daiwye.

momzadebis safexurebi:

a) SeadgineT prezentaciis gegma.

b) gainawileT jgufSi davalebebi gegmis Tanaxmad.

g) SeagroveT masala internetis daxmarebiT.

d) aseve moiZieT wignebi dinozavrebze biblioTekebSi.

e) sTxoveT informatikis pedagogs PPT-Si muSaobis swavleba. manamde,

dawereT teqsti da SeagroveT ilustraciebi.

v) gadaitaneT Segrovebuli masala slaidebze da warmoadgineT klasSi

PPT-Si prezentaciis saxiT.

6. me kidev vfiqrob...

wyaro 1. eTno grafiuli muzeumi

wyaro 2. saTamaSoebi

ჩვენი საქართველო, მე-5 კლასი, მოსწავლის წიგნი, 1-ლი ნაწილი

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