Thinking-Like-a-Phage-The-Genius-of-the-Viruses-That-Infect-Bacteria-and-Archaea

Thinking Like a Phage: The Genius of the Viruses That Infect
Bacteria and Archaea
Description :
It isn't easy to be a phage. First, what is a phage? A phage is a virus
that infects microbial cells, specifically bacterial or archaeal cells. To

succeed, a phage must encounter, recognize, and then deliver its
chromosome into a particular type of cell. This presumptive invasion
is met by the cell's state-of-the-art defenses. Unless it dodges or
neutralizes every one, the phage chromosome will be chopped into a
nutritious snack for the cell. If the phage survives, it then quickly
takes over the cell's metabolic machinery and diverts it to
production of more phages, rather than more cells. This requires
intimate knowledge of the regulatory systems that this host uses to
coordinate its activities. The phage skillfully manipulates these
activities to provide a steady supply of the energy and materials
needed to support phage replication. Under phage supervision,
production of phage components proceeds at top speed, with all
parts produced when needed and in the quantities required. As the
pieces come off the assembly line, they assemble themselves into
sophisticated transport packages, each carrying a phage
chromosome and capable of delivering it into a new host cell. When
a new crop of progeny is ready&#8201#8211&#8201pehaps 25,
100, or more of them&#8201#8211&#8201th phage ruptures the
cell to free them all and send them out into the world in quest of
hosts of their own. These events comprise what is known as
standard lytic replication. However, many phages have the option to
follow a different script. When they arrive in a host, they can opt to
delay immediate hostile takeover and to instead form a coalition
with the host. In this case, the phage inserts its chromosome into
that of the host. Now, as the host grows and divides, the combined
chromosome is replicated and inherited by both daughter cells. This
can continue for many generations, with the phage paying rent in
the form of some useful services. However, the phage considers that
it has signed only a moment-to-moment lease. If the cell encounters
life-threatening difficulties, the phage switches to rapid replication.
Cell rupture and release of the new phages follows quickly. Each
step of the way presents challenges that test the ingenuity of the
phages. In this engaging book, Merry Youle relates some of the
tactics used by 21 pheatured phages to outwit their host and
successfully maintain their own lineage generation after generation.
The text is accompanied by pertinent electron micrographs,
tomographic reconstructions, and other structural diagrams every
chapter is enlivened by informative illustrations created by San
Diego fine artist Leah Pant&#233a The writing focuses on the
strategies and underlying principles, with a minimum of jargon.
Since some knowledge of molecular biology is required to appreciate
the phage wizardry, a primer of the needed basics is provided for

those unfamiliar with that subject. Thus, the book is accessible to a
wide audience.Despite being the most abundant life form, the
phages&#8201#8211&#8201beng much smaller than even the
microbes they infect&#8201#8211&#8201elde our everyday
perception. Thinking Like a Phage offers a tour of this unseen
dimension of life on Earth. Whether you are an expert or new to the
phage world, these vignettes drawn from phage life will intrigue you.
Awareness of this vast, creative, yet invisible realm can enrich your
appreciation for the living world of which we, as Homo sapiens, are a
small part.