WNIP Jan Feb 19.1 Digital low res

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6 Shielded SACC connectors with fast connection technology 19.1 The shielded M12 connectors with IDC fast connection technology enable rapid assembly with easy preparation of the conductors and easy-tohandle connectors. The connectors consist of just two components. In the case of shielded conductors, only the outer sheath and the braid is removed; the litz wires remain intact. The connector offers a wide connection range from 0.14 mm² to 0.75 mm². In addition, the maximum conductor external diameter has been extended to 9.7 mm. This means that almost all available signal and data lines can be assembled in the field. The individual wire colors are standardized according to the cable type and must be assigned in the connection area. These colors are reflected in the connection area with color coding and numerical coding. All common codings such as A, B, D, and X are available for signal and data transmission up to 10 Gbps. seanh@phoenixcontact.co.za Lowering dew point to protect expensive automation equipment Failure to remove water vapour from factory air can quickly become a costly maintenance headache. Water vapour and the resulting water condensate are the foremost causes of costly downtime and increased maintenance. The blame is often laid on the more visible culprit - oil or contaminants, both of which are easily removed with proper filtration. Moisture in facility airlines can cause corrosion and rust which can break loose to the air passageways causing blockages in narrow restrictions and filter elements. This can lead to increased pressure drops and loss in machine performance, not to mention energy loss and costs of the compressed air. Aftercoolers, drip legs and water separators are used to remove water condensate from factory compressed air. However, this air is still at 100% relative humidity and is still at risk of condensing into water should the surrounding temperatures drop to its dew point. In order to increase protection of expensive automation equipment, factory compressed air must remove as much water vapour as possible to avoid any condensation further downstream. This is done by lowering its dew point. How is dew point lowered in factory compressed air? Drying compressed air at the highest pressure consistent with the facility’s demands will result in the most economical dryer operation. For most industrial applications, the rule is to first set the pressure dew point to meet general requirements, then adjust it between -6°C to -10°C lower than the facility’s lowest ambient temperature. Hence, factory air dryness or dew point is relative to the application’s specific requirements. Refrigerated dryers are the most common measure to lower dew point. A refrigerated dryer will further cool the compressed air by removing heat at its inlet side and lowering its temperature dew point down to 3 °C, then expelling the condensate through an automatic condensate drain. The dryer will then reheat the dried compressed air back to ambient temperature by recycling the previously removed heat using a heat exchange process. This reheating of the compressed air to ambient temperature will eliminate “sweating” cold pipes when working in humid factory conditions. It is recommended that a coalescing filter be installed upstream from the refrigerated dryer to remove any compressor oil and other contaminants that may still be trapped in the compressed air to ensure the dryer’s proper functioning. Oil coating the cooling surfaces decreases efficiency while coalescing filters saturated with liquid water will aid its drying capacity. In circumstances where factory piping is exposed to ambient temperatures lower than the dew point achievable by refrigerated drying, alternate methods of drying must be considered. Best Practices Membrane dryers use hollow fibers composed of a macro molecular membrane through which water vapour passes easily, but is difficult for air (oxygen and nitrogen) to pass through. When humid, compressed air is supplied to the inside of the hollow fibers, only the water vapour permeates the membrane and is drawn to the outside due to the pressure differential between the moisture inside and outside the hollow fibers. The compressed air becomes dry and continues to flow unimpeded out of the membrane dryer. A portion of the dry air from the outlet side is passed through a very small opening to reduce the pressure and purge the outside of the hollow fibers. The moisture that permeated to the outside of the hollow fibers is discharged to atmosphere by the purge air which in turn creates a low partial pressure allowing the dehumidification process to continuously perform. By altering the air flow rate and membrane configurations, pressure dew points from 15
7 19.1 °C to -60°C can be achieved. Membrane air dryers are a cost effective solution for point-of-use applications in pharmaceutical manufacturing, packaging, laboratory environments and other applications. Desiccant dryers, on the other hand, pass air through beds of desiccant, an absorbent material such as silica gel or activated alumina, which adsorb water vapour to its surface to effectively lower dew points to temperatures well below that which a refrigerated dryer can achieve. Heatless regenerative models use a pair of desiccant beds which alternate in service while the one bed is operational, the off-line bed is regenerated via a pressure swing adsorption process.Pressure dew points from a standard -30 °C to an optional -50 °C and beyond can be achieved with a desiccant dryer. Both membrane and desiccant dryers are adversely affected by the presence of oils or liquid water and must be protected with a quality coalescing filter. What is the appropriate dew point? Over specifying an application’s or a facility’s dew point can be very costly due to exorbitant energy bills just as the maintenance costs for water vapour damage to product lines can be for an under specified dew point. Drying the entire factory’s compressed air supply to -30 °C dew point is unnecessary and extremely wasteful. It is sensible practice to dry the compressed air to a dew point which is -10°C lower than the factory’s lowest ambient temperature then subdivide each compressed air supply by application using zone or point-of-use membrane or desiccant dryers to provide the appropriate level of dryness. The costs of energy, downtime, replacing production components, end product defects or even loss of brand value are just a few factors to consider when determining an appropriate dew point. 20 years with NACE as standard construction of ball valves Close communication with clients regarding their requirements allows JC to improve the quality of their products and services. One example of this is that, to facilitate the inventory management by their distributors and avoid errors in the supply of ex-stock valves, JC has been manufacturing all ASME/API ball valves in accordance with NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 as a standard feature for more than 20 years now. This is an added value they offer to all their customers without any extra cost. sales@valve.co.za sales@smcpneumatics.co.za
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