Frontier-P Technical Brochure - Serve-Ag

Forging a New Direction
in Weed Management
For the control of certain broadleaf and grass weeds in
green beans, navy beans, sweet corn, corn, poppies,
green peas, pumpkins and kabocha.

CheMiCal Class:
Frontier ® -P is a chloroacetamide herbicide and classified
as a group K. It is unique in that its chemical structure uses a
sulphur-based ring structure (Thiophene ring molecule) as distinct
from the older Benzene ring products giving it some improved
characteristics.
saFety:
resiDues
saFety aND Behaviour
iN the eNviroNMeNt
Acute oral LD50 (rat) approx. 1,581mg/kg
Acute dermal LD50 (rat) >4000 mg/kg
Primary skin irritation (rabbit) non-irritant
Sensitisation
Frontier ® -P is non-persistent in plants, and studies to date have
shown very low or non detectable residues in harvested crops.
soil
The vertical mobility of Frontier ® -P in soil is very limited; the
product does not migrate into deeper soil layers. Consequently,
Frontier ® -P will not leach into groundwater when applied at
recommended rates with good application practices.
volatility
Because Frontier ® -P exhibits a low vapour pressure (2.5±0.4 x
10-3 Pa at 25° C), it will not evaporate from soils under normal
weather conditions.
halF-liFe
May cause senitisation by
skin contact (guinea pig)
The half-life of Frontier ® -P is two to five weeks under aerobic
soil conditions and up to 8 weeks under anaerobic soil conditions.
This length of residual activity provides sufficient time for crops to
form a full canopy over row middles. Frontier ® -P can not be
considered persistent or bioaccumulative.
CheMistry For the NeW MilleNNiuM
aND BeyoND
The effectiveness of Frontier ® -P stems from a new sulphur-based
structure called a thiophene ring. It’s this unique thiophene ring
that separates Frontier ® -P from the older acetanilide herbicides,
which contain a benzene ring.
The active ingredient in Frontier ® -P, dimethenamid-P, is more
active and remains more available for uptake by germinating
weed seedlings than older acetanilide herbicides. This higher
availability and activity of Frontier ® -P leads to quicker activation
and consistent weed control at lower use rates.
loW use rates
Users will appreciate the convenience of the low use rates of
Frontier ® -P when compared to the older pre-emergence
herbicides currently available.
Frontier ® -P vs.
olDer CheMistries
DiMetheNaMiD-P - CheMistry For the NeW MilleNNiuM aND BeyoND
‘60s
Propachlor -
‘70s
acetochlor alachlor -
‘80s
Metalochlor -
‘90s
Dimethenamid -
NeW MilleNNiuM
aND BeyoND...
Dimethenamid-P -

Frontier ® -P - susCePtiBle WeeDs
Grass WeeDs
Crowsfoot Grass
(Eleusine indica)
Summer Grass
(Digitaria ciliaris)
Barnyard Grass
(Echinochloa crus-galli)
BroaDleaF WeeDs
Pinkweed / Fumitory
(Fumaria spp)
Toad Rush
(Juncus bufonius)
Wild Hops / Apple of Peru
(Nicandra physaloides)
Amaranthus spp.
Fat Hen
(Chenopodium album)
Blackberry Nightshade
(Solanum nigrum)
Giant or Black Pigweed
(Trianthema portulacastrum)
Sow or Milk Thistle
(Sonchus oleraceous)
Brazilian White-eye
(Richardia brasiliensis)
Shepherd’s Purse
(Capsella bursa-pastoris)
WeeDs CoNtrolleD
By Frontier ® -P
Frontier ® -P - suPPressioN WeeDs
BroaDleaF WeeDs
Subterranean Clover
(Trifolium subterraneum)
White Clover
(Trifolium repens)
Pigweed
(Portulaca oleracea)
Stonecrop
(Crassula sieberiana)
Scrambling Speedwell
(Veronica persica.)
Pennyroyal
(Mentha pulegium)
Bittercress
(Coronopus didymus)
Grass WeeDs
Ryegrass
(Lolium spp.)
Pale Pigeon Grass
(Setaria glauca)
Apple of Peru (Nicandra physaloides) Brazilian White-eye (Richardia brasiliensis) Barnyard Grass (Echinochloa crus-galli)
Crowsfoot Grass (Eleusine indica) Giant or Black Pigweed (Trianthema portulacastrum) Amaranthus spp.
exCelleNt soil DisPersioN
After rapidly penetrating the soil surface, Frontier ® -P quickly
enters into soil moisture and air spaces within the soil profile,
where it is readily available for uptake by germinating weeds.
Key points to note regarding application:
1. If there has been rain, particularly heavy rain, where there
may still be runoff, it would be wise to delay the application
of Frontier ® -P
2. Similarly, if heavy rains are predicted, application should be
delayed.
3. Generally, rainfall of 6-13mm is required for activation.
Coarse textured soil will require less moisture for activation.
4. Incorporation with irrigation where required, should not
exceed 25-50mm
5. Uneven or cloddy soil surfaces may result in herbicide
performance problems.
6. Compacted soil hinders herbicide effectiveness.
7. For best results in most cases, application must be made before
weed emergence on to fine, moist soil - free of trash and clods.
loW Moisture PerForMaNCe
Frontier ® -P requires less rainfall for activation than other preemergent
herbicides, enabling it to perform more consistently in
drier soils. Yet, when used as recommended, there is no serious
threat of runoff or leaching.
Once Frontier ® -P is applied to the soil surface, it remains stable
and does not require incorporation to protect it from breakdown
by intense sunlight or evaporation from the soil surface.
hiGh Moisture PerForMaNCe
Compared to some herbicides, Frontier ® -P remains in the upper
soil profile where weeds germinate. However, under very high
rainfall conditions performance may be affected.
CoMPatiBility
Frontier ® -P is compatible with Command ®1 , Atrazine,
Gesaprim and Stomp ® . Do not mix Frontier ® -P with Brodal 1 .
QuiCk
aCtivatioN

soil texture/CatioN
exChaNGe CaPaCity
Soil particles are classified as sand, silt, or clay. The relative amounts of sand, silt and clay determine the soil texture. Sand particles
are the largest and clay the smallest. The greater the total surface area, the more surface a herbicide can adhere to. And the more
it binds to the soil, the less it can be taken up by the weed seedlings.
a GooD GeNeral rule oF thuMB:
The higher the proportion of clay or organic matter in the soil, the more herbicide it will hold on to, releasing less to the weed seedlings.
Lighter soils, those with higher percentages of sand and with little clay or organic matter content, are not as likely to tie up
great amounts of herbicide. Generally, the higher the organic matter and clay content, the higher the rate of herbicide required, as
stated on label
Soil’s ability to adsorb a herbicide is related to the “Cation Exchange Capacity” (CEC) of the soil. A CEC rating can be found on
most standard soil tests.
Detailed guidelines have been developed to ensure
the correct rates are used on different soil types to
maximize weed control and ensure high crop safety of
Frontier ® -P. Rates are based on either CEC or
a combination of soil texture and organic carbon
content, both of which reflect the availability of
Frontier ® -P herbicide in any given soil. Frontier ® -P
is not recommended for use on very light textured soils
with a CEC of less than 5 meq/100 g due to the risk
of crop injury.
Frontier ® -P is not recommended for use on high organic
matter or peat soils.
soil texture
Clay
Content
Cation exchange Capacity
(meq/100 g or cmol/kg)
Frontier ® -P use rate
14 1.0 L/ha
organic Carbon Content
2%
Sand, Loamy Sand, Silt 15% 1 L/ha 1 L/ha
Due to soil persistence there are certain restrictions on the interval for replanting sensitive crops after the application of Frontier ® -P
as per table below. Advice on replant intervals for crops not appearing on the table can be sought from the distributor.
Minimum re-cropping interval (months after initial application)
0 6 12
Navy Beans
Green Beans
Processing Peas
Kabocha
Pumpkins
Sweet Corn
Poppies
Transplanted Capsicums
Onions
Cotton
Potatoes
Transplanted Brassicas
Peanuts
Carrots
Pyrethrum
reCoMMeNDatioNs:
CroP
Sweet corn & Corn
rate Per ha
500ml to 1.0 litre
CoMMeNts:
sWeetCorN &
CorN (Maize)
Apply at or immediately after sowing and before crops and weeds
emerge. Apply to moist soil. Rain or irrigation following application is
desirable. Use rates toward the higher end of the range where longer
residual control is required.
Frontier ® -P is mainly absorbed by the emerging shoot (coleoptile).
Frontier ® -P must be present in the top soil layer as the weeds
germinate and the coleoptiles pass through the treated soil layer.
Apply at or immediately after sowing and preferably before crops
and weeds germinate. Emerged, or soon to emerge, weeds
present at the time of application are unlikely to be controlled.
Delays in applying Frontier ® -P after sowing, particularly if
irrigation or rain moistens soil and initiates germination before
the application of Frontier ® -P, will lead to reduced control.
Apply to moist soil if possible. If applied to dry soil,
irrigation or rain must follow soon after application for best
results. Irrigation or rain is required within 7 days after
application.
Frontier ® -P is best applied to freshly prepared soil with
fine tilth and as soon as possible after sowing. Use the
lower rate on light textured, low organic matter, low CEC
soils and the higher rate on heavier textured soils as per the
tables. Refer to CROP SAFETY section on the label.
Frontier ® -P can be used on trickle irrigated fields if rain
or overhead irrigation follows application or the trickle
irrigation sufficiently moistens the soil surface.
Untreated soil thrown onto treated areas will reduce weed
control. Do not disturb the Frontier ® -P treated soil layer as
this may lead to weed emergence.
Application to crop trash covering the soil surface may lead to
reduced control.
Do not use on soil in which crops will be transplanted nor over
already transplanted crops.
Photos courtesy of Pioneer Hi-Bred Australia

eCoMMeNDatioNs
CroP
Pumpkins & Kabocha
rate Per ha
500mls to 1.0 litre
CoMMeNts
PuMPkiNs &
kaBoCha
Apply at or immediately after sowing and before crops and weeds
emerge. Apply to moist soil. Rain or irrigation following application is
desirable. Use rates toward the higher end of the range where longer
residual control is required.
Frontier ® -P is mainly absorbed by the emerging shoot (coleoptile).
Frontier ® -P must be present in the top soil layer as the weeds
germinate and the coleoptiles pass through the treated soil layer.
Apply at or immediately after sowing and preferably before crops
and weeds germinate. Emerged, or soon to emerge, weeds
present at the time of application are unlikely to be controlled.
Delays in applying Frontier ® -P after sowing, particularly if
irrigation or rain moistens soil and initiates germination before
the application of Frontier ® -P, will lead to reduced control.
Apply to moist soil if possible. If applied to dry soil,
irrigation or rain must follow soon after application for best
results. Irrigation or rain is required within 7 days after
application.
Frontier ® -P is best applied to freshly prepared soil with
fine tilth and as soon as possible after sowing. Use the
lower rate on light textured, low organic matter, low CEC
soils and the higher rate on heavier textured soils as per the
tables. Refer to CROP SAFETY section on the label.
Frontier ® -P can be used on trickle irrigated fields if rain
or overhead irrigation follows application or the trickle
irrigation sufficiently moistens the soil surface.
Untreated soil thrown onto treated areas will reduce weed
control. Do not disturb the Frontier ® -P treated soil layer as
this may lead to weed emergence.
Application to crop trash covering the soil surface may lead to
reduced control.
Do not use on soil in which crops will be transplanted nor over
already transplanted crops.
Photos courtesy of Forth Farm Produce
GreeN Peas, GreeN BeaNs
& Navy BeaNs
reCoMMeNDatioNs
CroP
Green Peas, Green Beans & Navy Beans
rate Per ha.
500mls to 1.0 litre
CoMMeNts
Apply at or immediately after sowing and before crops and
weeds emerge. Apply to moist soil. Rain or irrigation following
application is desirable. Use rates toward the higher end of the
range where longer residual control is required.
Frontier ® -P is mainly absorbed by the emerging shoot
(coleoptile). Frontier ® -P must be present in the top soil layer
as the weeds germinate and the coleoptiles pass through
the treated soil layer. Apply at or immediately after sowing
and preferably before crops and weeds germinate.
Emerged, or soon to emerge, weeds present at the time
of application are unlikely to be controlled. Delays in
applying Frontier ® -P after sowing, particularly if
irrigation or rain moistens soil and initiates germination
before the application of Frontier ® -P, will lead to
reduced control.
Apply to moist soil if possible. If applied to dry soil,
irrigation or rain must follow soon after application
for best results. Irrigation or rain is required within 7
days after application.
Frontier ® -P is best applied to freshly prepared soil
with fine tilth and as soon as possible after sowing.
Use the lower rate on light textured, low organic
matter, low CEC soils and the higher rate on heavier
textured soils as per the tables. Refer to CROP SAFETY
section on the label.
Frontier ® -P can be used on trickle irrigated fields if
rain or overhead irrigation follows application or the
trickle irrigation sufficiently moistens the soil surface.
Untreated soil thrown onto treated areas will reduce
weed control. Do not disturb the Frontier ® -P treated soil
layer as this may lead to weed emergence.
Application to crop trash covering the soil surface may lead
to reduced control.
Do not use on soil in which crops will be transplanted nor over
already transplanted crops.

eCoMMeNDatioNs
CroP
Poppies
rate Per ha.
1.4 litres
CoMMeNts
Apply Frontier ® -P when the pinkweed is at the cotyledon to 2 leaf stages
and the crop is at the early 2 leaf to 6 leaf stages. A follow-up spray
of Starane TM2 must be applied within 15 days for complete control of
pinkweed. For improved post-emergent control of other weeds, such
as hogweed (Polygonum aviculare), fat hen (Chenopodium album)
and blackberry nightshade (Solanum nigrum), Command Herbicide
should be tank mixed with Frontier ® -P.
Do NOT tank mix Frontier ® -P with Brodal TM1 .
PoPPies
DireCtioNs For use:
restraiNts:
DO NOT apply to green beans, navy beans, green peas, pumpkins, kabocha, corn or sweet corn crops sown in soils with a cation exchange capacity (CEC)
of less than 5 meq / 100 g (or cmol / kg) OR soils with a clay content of less than 10% AND organic carbon content of less than 2%. DO NOT apply through
aircraft or irrigation equipment.
CROP & STAGE WEEDS CONTROLLED RATE PER HA CRITICAL COMMENTS
POST-EMERGENCE
Poppies Pinkweed / Fumitory 1.4 L Apply Frontier ® -P when the pinkweed is at the cotyledon to 2 leaf stages
(2 - 6 leaf stage) (Fumaria spp) and the crop is at the early 2 leaf to 6 leaf stages. A follow-up spray of
Cotyledon to 2 leaf stage Starane TM2 must be applied within 15 days for complete control of pinkweed.
For improved post-emergent control of other weeds, such as hogweed
(Polygonum aviculare), fat hen (Chenopodium album) and blackberry
nightshade (Solanum nigrum), Command ®1 Herbicide should be tank mixed
with Frontier ® -P. Do NOT tank mix Frontier ® -P with Brodal TM1 .
PRE-EMERGENCE
Sweet Corn, Corn Toad Rush 150 to 200 mL Apply at or immediately after sowing and before crops and weeds emerge.
(Maize), Green (Juncus bufonius) Apply to moist soil. Rain or irrigation following application is desirable. Use
Beans, Navy rates toward the higher end of the range where longer residual control is
Beans, Green required.
Peas, Pumpkins, Crowsfoot Grass 500 mL to 1.0 L Frontier ® -P is mainly absorbed by the emerging shoot (coleoptile).
Kabocha (Eleusine indica) Frontier ® -P must be present in the top soil layer as the weeds germinate
Wild Hops / Apple of Peru 700 mL to 1.0 L and the coleoptiles pass through the treated soil layer. Apply at or immediately
(Nicandra physaloides) after sowing and preferably before crops and weeds germinate. Emerged,
Summer Grass or soon to emerge, weeds present at the time of application are unlikely to
(Digitaria ciliaris) be controlled. Delays in applying Frontier ® -P after sowing, particularly if
Barnyard Grass irrigation or rain moistens soil and initiates germination before the application
(Echinochloa crus-galli) of Frontier ® -P, will lead to reduced control.
Amaranthus spp.) 1.0 L
Fat Hen Apply to moist soil if possible. If applied to dry soil, irrigation or rain must follow
(Chenopodium album) soon after application for best results. Irrigation or rain is required within 7
Blackberry Nightshade days after application.
(Solanum nigrum)
Giant or Black Pigweed Frontier ® -P is best applied to freshly prepared soil with fine tilth and as soon
(Trianthema portulacastrum) as possible after sowing.
Sow or Milk Thistle
(Sonchus oleraceous) Use the lower rate on light textured, low organic matter, low CEC soils and
Brazilian White-eye the higher rate on heavier textured soils as per the tables below. Refer to
(Richardia brasillensis) CROP SAFETY section.
Shepherd’s Purse
(Capsella bursa-pastoris) Frontier ® -P can be used on trickle irrigated fields if rain or overhead irrigation
sufficiently moistens the soil surface.
Suppression of;
Ryegrass Untreated soil thrown onto treated areas will reduce weed control. Do not
(Lolium spp.) disturb the Frontier ® -P treated soil layer as this may lead to weed emergence.
Subterranean Clover
(Trifolium subterraneum) Application to crop trash covering the soil surface may lead to reduced control.
White Clover
(Trifolium repens) Do not use on soil in which crops will be transplanted nor over already
Pigweed transplanted crops.
(Portulaca oleracea)
Pale Pigeon Grass
(Setaria glauca)
Stonecrop
(Crassula sieberiana)
Scrambling Speedwell
(Veronica persica.)
Pennyroyal
(Mentha puleguim)
Bittercress
(Coronopus didymus)
Not to be used for any purpose, or in any manner, contrary to
this label unless authorised under appropriate legislation.
WithholDiNG PerioDs:
GraziNG:
Green beans, navy beans, green peas, corn, sweet corn, pumpkins,
kabocha: DO NOT graze or cut for stockfeed for 4 weeks after application.
harvest:
Green beans, navy beans, green peas, corn, sweet corn, pumpkins,
kabocha: Not required when used as directed.
Poppies: DO NOT harvest for 100 days after application.
GeNeral iNstruCtioNs:
Frontier ® -P is a selective pre-emergent herbicide for control of weeds in
sweet corn, corn (maize), green beans, navy beans, green peas, pumpkins
and kabocha,. Frontier ® -P controls susceptible germinating seedlings
before or soon after they emerge from the soil. Frontier ® -P will not control
emerged weeds except cotyledon to two leaf pinkweed (fumitory) in 2 to 6
leaf poppy crops. Frontier ® -P will be most effective when incorporated by
rainfall or overhead irrigation prior to weed germination. Reduced weed
control may occur when trickle irrigation is used and there is insufficient soil
surface moisture.
aPPliCatioN:
Apply Frontier ® -P with a calibrated boom spray equipped with flat fan nozzles
in a spray volume of 200 to 300 L/ha.
DO NOT apply by aircraft.
For medium quality spray (BCPC/ASAE);
DO NOT apply if waterbodies, watercourses or wetlands are within 20
metres downwind of the application area.
DO NOT apply if non-target vegetation is within 15 metres downwind of the
application area.
For fine quality spray (BCPC/ASAE) or an undefined spray quality;
DO NOT apply if waterbodies, watercourses or wetlands are within 50
metres downwind of the application area.
DO NOT apply if non-target vegetation is within 40 metres downwind of the
application area.
CroP saFety:
Injury to green beans, kabocha, green peas, pumpkins, corn and sweet corn
may occur at label rates on soils with very low cation exchange capacity
(CEC). Soils containing low levels of clay and organic matter normally
have a low CEC. Do NOT apply to green beans, kabocha, green peas,
pumpkins, corn or sweet corn crops grown on soils with a cation exchange
capacity (CEC) of less than 5 meq / 100g (or cmol / kg) OR soils with a
clay content of less than 10 % AND organic carbon content of less than 2%.

® Registered trademark of BASF
Brodal TM1 is a registered trademark of Bayer Crop Science
Starane TM2 is a registered trademark of Dow AgroSciences
Command ®1 is a registered trademark of FMC Corporation, U.S.A
Company:
BASF Australia Limited (ABN 62 008 437 867)
500 Princes Highway Noble Park
Victoria 3174, AUSTRALIA
emergency information:
1800 033 111 (24h) [within Australia]
serve-aG Pty ltD
PO Box 690, Devonport TAS 7310
Ph: (03) 6498 6800 Fax: (03) 6427 0801
http://www.serve-ag.com.au
© copyright 2007
This publication is a guide only and no substitute for professional or expert advice. The product label should be consulted before use of any of the products referred to in this publication. BASF
Australia shall not be liable for any results, loss, or damage whatsoever, whether consequential or otherwise through the use or application of products and or materials referred to herein.
The information submitted in this publication is based on current BASF knowledge and experience. In view of the many factors that may affect its application, this data does not relieve the user
from carrying out their own tests. The data does not imply assurance of certain properties or of suitability for a specific purpose. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure that any proprietary
rights and existing laws and legislation are observed. The product(s) must be applied as instructed.