Studies on Metallocene Polyolefin and Polyvinyl Chloride for Blood ...

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Chapter Index 11.6 Earlier attempts to reduce the DEHP leaching 11.7 Recent Reports ofGovernments and OtherOrganisations 11.8 Phase Out of PVC 11.9 Availability of Alternative Materials 1.10 Recent developments in polyolefins and their suitability for replacing 1PVC 11.11 Modification ofMetallocene Polyolefin 11.12 Scope and Objectives of the Present Study 11.13 References 2 12 14 15 17 18 21 25 26 27
INTRODUCTION IIntroduction Polymers are the most important and largest family of materials used in medical techno logy ( 1-5). With the advent of plastics in the field of medical technology, the use of traditional materials such as glass and metals has been reduced considerably. The utilization of plastics in the medical disposable device sector minimized or avoided the risk ( I f cross-contamination and infection and the need for restenfiza tion (1.6). Various polymers like Polyt vinyl chloride) (PVC), Polyethylene. Polypropylene. Polystyrene. Polycarbonate. Acetal copolymers. Poly(butylene terephthalate). Poly(ethylene tcrephthal atel and some specialised polymers synthesised through biotechnology route are used for din e-rent medical applications. Of these. poly(vinyl chloride) is the most w ide ly and extensively used plastic for disposable medical products (1,7,8). lts use has grown considerably over the past 60 years. to the point where PVC represents more than 27°'ll of all plastics used for the man ufacture of medical device-, (q. IO). The breakdown of various plastics used for d ifferent applications in medical sector is shown ill Figure 1. 1.
Page 1 and 2: Studies on Metallo
Page 3 and 4: DECLARATION I here by declare that
Page 5: Acknowledgements I gratefully ackno
Page 9: Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 11.1 Role of
Page 13 and 14: 5 PVC is a relatively rigid and bri
Page 15 and 16: 7 Introduction The following sectio
Page 17 and 18: 9 11.3 Limitations of Flexible PVC
Page 20 and 21: Chapter 1 12 leaching of DEHP into
Page 22: Chapter 1 14 blood transfusions, ha
Page 25 and 26: 17 Introduction Health Canada An ex
Page 27 and 28: 19 Polyethylene Introduction Polyet
Page 30: Chapter 1 22 found to increase sign
Page 33: 25 Introduction With all these attr
Page 36 and 37: Chapter 1 28 12. Hong, K. Z., Medic
Page 38 and 39: Chapter 1 30 61. Thornton, J., McCa
Page 41 and 42: 33 Introduction 134.Part R, Koh Y J
Page 43 and 44: 35 Introduction 175. Koide Y., Bott
Page 46 and 47: Chapter Index 2.3.6 Melt Flow lndcx
Page 49 and 50: 41 The physical properties ofDEHP a
Page 51 and 52: 43 Table 2.4. Properties ofethylene
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Chapter 2 54 4. ASTM D2240-98. Stan
Page 64:
Chapter Index I 3.4 Conclusions I 3
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63 Use ofPolymeric Plasticizers un
Page 83 and 84:
75 Use ofPolymeric Plasticizers un
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79 Use afPolymeric Plasticizers un
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Chapter4 METALLOCENE POLYOLEFIN: A
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METALLOCENE POLYOLEFIN: A POTENTIAL
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88 Evaluation ofMetallocene Polyole
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1 0 0 4.3.9 In Vitro Haemolysis Tes
Page 111 and 112:
Chapter 4 103 ]3. Lipsitt B. 'Medic
Page 113:
Chapter Index 5.3.7.3 Effect of Vin
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Chapter 5 0.2 o -0.2 ii ·0.4 t- u
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Chapter 5 125 5.3.7.3 Effect of Vin
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Chapter 5 131 Table 5.6 Carbon diox
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Chapter 5 5. 3.14 Effect of Sterili
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Chapter 5 145 13. Kontopoulou, M. L
Page 155 and 156:
BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF MODIFIED M
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149 Biological Evaluation ofModifie
Page 160:
Chapter 6 6.3.2 Clotting Time The i
Page 166 and 167:
Chapter 6 158 virgin mPO and the bl
Page 168 and 169:
Chapter 7 Summary and Conclusions I
Page 170:
Chapter 7 162 ,water and gas perrne
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