3 Lotfdf k|fs[lts ;|f] - ForestAction Nepal

xfd|f] jg ;Dkbf, jif{ &, cª\s !, @)^^÷km/]i6PS;g g]kfn
;+ljwfg / ;+3Lotfdf k|fs[lts ;|f]tM :jfoQtf, ;dtfd"ns
kx'Fr
/ hjfkmb]lxtf
19
�ljdnf /fO{ kf}8\ofn
!= kl/ro
g]kfnn] uPsf] ;f9] tLg jif{df !) jif] { ;z:q åGåsf] cGTo ug{ zflGt k|lqmofsf] yfngL dfq}
u/]g, @$) jif{b]lv h/f uf8]/ a;]sf] ;fdGtjfbL /fh:f+:yfsf] cGTo u/]/ /fHo k'g;{ +/rgf tyf
;fdflhs ¿kfGt/0fsf] dfu{lrq ;d]t sf]¥of] . /fHo k'g;{ +/rgf / cfly{s–;fdflhs
¿kfGt/0fsf] ¿k/]vfsf nflu 5nkmndf cfPsf tyf k|:tfj ul/PsfdWo] ;a}eGbf a9L rrf{df
/x]sf] ljifo xf]— lg/+s'z /fhtGqfTds b]znfO{ ;+3Lo u0ftGq;Dd k'¥ofpg] sf]if]9'Ëf ag]sf]
;+3Lotf .
;+3Lotfsf] ax;df clxn] b'O{ ljifoj:t' k|d'v 5g\— klxnf], b]zsf] ;+3Lo ;+/rgf s:tf] x'G5
eGg], h;df s]sf cfwf/df ;+3x¿ lgdf{0f ug] { / ;+3Lo ;+/rgfdf s]Gb|, ;+3 / :yfgLo PsfOdf
;|f]tsf] afF8kmfF8 tyf zlQm ;Gt'ng s;/L ug] { eGg] s'/fx¿ kb{5g\ . / bf];|f], ca aGg]
;+ljwfgn] k|fs[lts ;|f]t;fwgdf b]z / hgtfsf] ;Dk|e'tf s;/L hf]ufO/fVg ;S5 eGg] .
/fHo k'g;+ {/rgf / cfly{s–;fdflhs ¿kfGt/0fsf] vfFrf] dx;'; ul/g'sf ;fy} o;sf nflu
ePsf] hg;+3if{sf] d'Vo sf/0f g} pTkfbgd"ns ;|f]t;fwg / /fHo ;+/rgfdf ljleGg If]q, ju{
tyf hflt, efiff, lnË, pd]/ ;d"xsf hgtfsf] ;dfg kx'Fr
gx'g', s]Gb|Ls[t /fHo k|0ffnL
hgtfk|lt hjfkmb]xL gx'g' / o;sf sf/0fn] ljsf;sf pknlAwx¿sf] ;dfg ljt/0f gx'g' x'Gf\ .
t/ lj8Dagfsf] s'/fÙ /fHosf] ;dfj]zL ;+/rgf / ;xeflutfsf] ;jfndf h] h:tf ax; /
pknlAw ePsf 5g\, To;sf] t'ngfdf ;+3Lo ;+/rgfdf pTkfbgd"ns ;|f]t;fwgsf] ;dtfd"ns
afF8kmfF8 ;'lglZrt ug] { / :yfgLo ;d'bfo / hgtf, ljz]iftM ul/a / hftLo tyf n}lËs
cfwf/df k5fl8 kfl/Psf hgtfsf] pTkfbgd"ns ;|f]tdflysf] clwsf/ ;'lglZrt ug] { dxTjk"0f{
;Gbe{ Tolt w}/} rf;f] / ax;sf] ljifo aGg ;s]sf] 5}g . cem b]zsf] k|fs[lts ;|f]tdf b]z /
hgtf, ljz]if u/L ul/a / k5fl8 kfl/Psf hgtf, sf] ;Dk|e'tfsf af/]df t ax; ;'? ePs}
5}g .
k|:t't n]vdf xfn ax;df cfPsf ;+3Lo ;+/rgfsf cfwf/x¿nfO{ k|fs[lts ;|f]tdWo] klg
;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ jgsf] ljt/0fsf] b[li6n] ljZn]if0f u/L ;+3Lo ;+/rgfdf s;/L jg;|f]tdfly
:yfgLo hgtfsf] kx'Fr
/ clwsf/ ;'lglZrt ug{ ;lsG5 tyf gofF ;+ljwfgn] s;/L k|fs[lts
;|f]tdfly b]z / hgtfsf] ;Dk|e'tf :yflkt ug{ ;S5 eGg]af/] rrf{ ul/Psf] 5 .
@= s] xf] k|fs[lts ;|f]t <
s'g} ef}uf]lns If]qdf k|fs[lts ¿kdf cjl:yt hLjg lgjf{xsf nflu k|of]u x'g] ;a} k|sf/sf
;Dkbfx¿ k|fs[lts ;|f]t x'g\ . o; cy{df k|fs[lts ;|f]tleq dfgj hfltn] l;w} pkof]u ug] { jf
ljleGg tj/n] pkof]udf Nofpg] ;a} k|sf/sf ;Dkbf kb{5g\ . h:t}M hldg, kfgL, h+un,
h8La'6L, vlgh, 9'+uf,
afn'jf cflb .
pkof]u;Fu ;DalGwt ePsf]n] k|fs[lts ;|f]tdf d"No / dxTj ufFl;Psf] x'G5 . of] dxTj cfly{s,
;fdflhs, /fhg}lts / ;fF:s[lts ¿kdf ljleGg JolQm / ;d"xcg';f/ km/s x'G5 . To;}u/L Ps

xfd|f] jg ;Dkbf, jif{ &, cª\s !, @)^^÷km/]i6PS;g g]kfn
ef}uf]lns If]qdf cjl:yt k|fs[lts ;|f]tn] csf] { If]qdf ePsf afl;GbfnfO{ ;d]t k|ToIf–ck|ToIf
k|efj kfl//x]sf] x'G5 . h:t}M r'/]df jg ljgfz x'Fbf
t/fO{df af9L cfpF5 / e"Ifo x'G5Ù lxdfndf
w]/} lxpF klUnP kxf8 / t/fO{sf vf]nfgfnf el/G5g\Ù s'g} vf]nfsf] Ps 5]paf6 hyfefjL afn'jf
lgsflnP csf] { 5]psf afl;Gbfsf] hLjg hf]lvddf kg{;S5 .
o:tf w]/} pbfx/0f 5g\, h;n] Pp6f ef}uf]lns If]qdf x'g] k|fs[lts ;|f]tdflysf lqmofsnfkn]
csf] { ef}uf]lns If]qdf k|efj kfb{5 . To;} }n] jgsf] dxTj, o;df hf]l8Psf cfsf+Iff / o;af6
k|fKt x'g] kmfObf ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfsf nflu ;dfg x'Fb}gg\
. o;sf/0fn] klg ;+3Lotf / ;+ljwfg
lgdf{0f k|lqmofdf k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] afF8kmfF8sf] ;jfnnfO{ k|fljlws ;jfnsf] ¿kdf gx]/L Ps
/fhg}lts ;jfnsf] ¿kdf ax;df NofOg'k5{ .
#= ;+3Lo ;+/rgfsf cfwf/df jg;|f]t
;dtfd"ns kxF'r
ls ;DkGGftfsf] w| 'aLs/0f < /fhg}lts / ;fdflhs j[Qdf xfn rln/x]sf]
;+3Lo ;+/rgfsf] ax;df ljz]iftM ef}uf]lns, hftLo / eflifs cfwf/x¿n] k|d'v :yfg kfPsf
5g\ . h'g;'s} cfwf/af6 ;+3 ljefhg ePklg ;f] If]q÷/fHosf] cfly{s ;d[l4 / To;sf]
;dtfd"ns ljt/0fsf] ;Defjgf ToxfFsf] pTkfbgd"ns ;|f]t;fwg / To;sf] kl/rfngdf lge{/
ub{5 . k|fs[lts ;|f]ts} lx;fan] s'g} /fHo wlg / s'g} ul/a eP klg ltgLx¿aLr ;|f]t
k'glg{df{0fsf] cEof; /fd|f] ePg eg] To:fsf] c;/ tTsfnLg dfq x}g, b'/ufdL x'G5 . ;|f]t
;DkGg /fHo sfnfGt/df ;DkGgtflt/ a9\b} hfG5 eg] ;|f]tdf ljkGg /fHon] ToxL ultdf
cfly{s–;fdflhs ;d[l4 xfl;n ug{ ;Sb}g .
k|fs[lts ;|f]tdf klg hldg, ljz]iftM v]tLof]Uo e"ld, JolQmut ;DklQsf] ¿kdf w]/} k|of]u x'g]
x'Fbf
o;sf] ;'wf/ / k'glj{t/0fn] ;+3x¿aLrsf] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs x}l;otdf Tolt c;/
kfb} {g . csf] { dxTjk"0f{ k|fs[lts ;|f]t hn;|f]t xf], h;sf] pTkfbgd"ns k|of]un] s'Gf}klg 7fpFsf]
cfly{s ;d[l4 / hLljsf]kfh{gsf] nflu dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg k'¥ofpFb5 . t/ h'g;'s} cfwf/df ;+3
ljefhg ePklg hn;|f]t k|fs[lts ¿kn] g} Ps ;+3 jf k|fGtdf dfq g/xL au]/ hfg] x'gfn]
o;sf] /fd|f]–g/fd|f] k|efj hxfF–hxfF Tof] kfgL k'U5, tL ;a} ;+3÷k|b]z / ;d'bfodf kb{5 .
k|fs[lts ;|f]tx¿dWo] cfly{s pkfh{g, jftfj/0fLo ;Gt'ng / hLljsf]kfh{gsf lx;fan] clt g}
dxTjk"0f{ / k|r'/ k'g?Tkfbg Ifdtf ;d]t ePsf] ;|f]t jg;|f]t xf] . o;sf] ljt/0fn] s'g}klg
;+3÷k|b]z jf :yfgLo ;d'bfosf] cfly{s ;DkGGftf, jftfj/0fLo l:ylTf, ;fdflhs ljsf; /
hLjgofkgsf] u'0f:t/df lgs} 7"nf] k|efj kfb{5 . To;}n] k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] afF8kmfF8sf] s'/f ubf{
jg;|f]tsf] ljt/0fsf] ;jfn w]/} lx;fan] dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 .
#=! jg;|f]tdf :jfldTj / kx'Fr
b]zsf] sl/a @( k|ltzt e"efu cf]u6\g] jg;|f]t /fi6«sf] 9's'6Lsf] ;|f]t dfq x}g, :yfgLo
hgtfsf] hLjgofkgsf] dxTjk"0f{ cfwf/ klg xf] . yfxf ePs} / cg'ej u/]s} ljifo xf], g]kfnsf]
u|fdL0f ;d'bfosf nflu 3fF;, bfp/f, kTs/, sf7, sGbd"n, h8La'6L h:tf hLljsf]kfh{gsf nflu
geO{ gx'g] ;fwgsf] ;|f]t g} jg xf] . b]zsf] cfly{s–;fdflhs ¿kfGt/0fsf] s'/f ubf{
jg;Dkbfdf :yfgLo Pj+ u|fdL0f ;d'bfosf] lge{/tfnfO{ juL{o, hftLo / n}lËs kIfaf6 ;d]t
ljZn]if0f ug'{
tyf lge{/tfsf] cfwf/df pgLx¿sf] kx'Fr
;'lglZrt ug'{
h?/L x'G5 . o; lx;fan]
ul/a, cflbjf;L, k5fl8 kfl/Psf hghflt / dlxnfx¿ g} jg;Dkbfsf k|d'v pkof]ustf{ x'g\ /
pgLx¿sf] hLljsf]kfh{gsf] u'0f:t/ jg;|f]tdflysf] kx'Frd}
lge{/ ub{5 -/fO{ kf}8]n, @))*_ .
20

xfd|f] jg ;Dkbf, jif{ &, cª\s !, @)^^÷km/]i6PS;g g]kfn
juL{o b[li6n] :jefj}n] e"ldklt / demf}nf ls;fgsf] t'ngfdf e"ldxLg / ;fgf ls;fgx¿ cfˆgf]
hLljsf]kfh{g tyf cfly{s ;|f]tsf] nflu jgdf a9L cfl>t x'G5g\ . cflbjf;L hghflt /
e"ldxLgx¿sf nflu t jg;Dkbf jf;:yfg / hLljsf]kfh{gsf] Psdfq ;|f]t xf] . o;df kx'Fr
:yflkt ug{ / o;nfO{ k|of]u ug{ gkfP pgLx¿sf] hLjgofkg / ;fdflhs klxrfgd} k|ZglrGx
nfU5 . n}lËs b[li6n] t 3fF;bfp/f, kTs/, sGbd"n, ;fgf sf7, h8La'6L cflbsf] ;+sng /
k|of]u u/]/ kl/jf/df cfˆgf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug'{kg{
] dlxnfsf] kx'Fr
k'?ifsf] eGbf a9L
hLljsf]kfh{g / ;fdflhs k|lti7f;Fu ufFl;Psf] x'G5 . jg;|f]tsf] lg/Gt/ / lglj{£g kx'Fr
eP
dfq dlxnfx¿n] kl/jf/df cfˆgf] e"ldsf k|efjsf/L tj/n] lgjf{x ug{ ;S5g\ . To;}n]
;+3Lotfsf] ;+/rgf / ljleGg zlQm ;DaGw tyf ;|f]tsf] afF8kmfF8sf] s'/f ubf{ jg;|f]tdflysf]
lge{/tfsf] k|j[lQ gx]/L :jfoQtf / kx'Frsf]
clwsf/sf ;DaGwdf ul/g] lg0f{o nf]stflGqs /
;dfj]zL d"NodfGotfs} ljkl/t x'g hfG5 .
#=@ hftLo ;+3 / jgsf] ljefhg
g]kfnsf] jg;Dkbf ljZjd} cg's/0fLo 5 . b]zsf] s'n e"efusf] sl/a @( k|ltzt cf]u6]sf] jg
t/fO{, dw]z, kxf8, lxdfn ;a} lhNnfdf 5l/Psf] 5 . kxf8L If]qsf jgdf lbuf] hLljsf]kfh{gsf
nflu dxTjk"0f{ jg;|f]t / ;Dkbfx¿ pknAw x'G5g\ eg] lxdfnL lhNnfsf jg ax'd"No h8La'6L
/ sf7sf] nflu dxTjk"0f{ 5g\ . To:t} t/fO{ / leqL dw]zsf jg cfly{s dxTjsf sf7,
jGohGt'sf ;fy} hLljsf]kfh{gsf nflu cfjZos k|foM ;a} k|sf/sf] jg;Dkbfn] el/k"0f{ 5g\ .
cfly{s, ;fdflhs / jftfj/0fLo b[li6n] olt dxTjk"0f{ jg;Dkbf ;a} If]q, lhNnf / u|fdL0f
;d'bfodf ;dfg ¿kdf eg] pknAw 5}g . s'g} If]q / ;d'bfosf] &% k|ltzt eGbf a9L efu
jgn] 9fs]sf] 5 eg] s'g}sf] @% k|ltzt eGbf klg sd 5 . :jefj}n] h'g If]q, lhNnf÷k|b]z jf
;d'bfodf pTkfbgd"ns Joj:yfkg / k|of]usf] ;Defjgf ePsf] jg;Dkbf k|r'/ 5, Tof] If]qsf]
cfly{s ;DkGgtf, hLljsf]kfh{g / cGo ;fd'bflos ljsf; sfo{df jg;|f]tsf] pkof]u ug{ ;lsg]
;Defjgf klg Tolt g} alnof] x'G5 .
;+3Lotfsf] ;+/rgfdf k|:tfj ul/PdWo] ;a}eGbf a9L hftLo cfwf/ rrf{df cfPsf] 5 . PsLs[t
g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ n] hgo'4sf] ;dob]lv g} d"ntM hftLotfdf cfwfl/t /x]/ ljefhg u/]sf] !%
j6fdWo] s'g ;+3Lo /fHodf slt jgIf]q kb{5 eg]/ ljZn]if0f ubf{ ljleGg ;+3x¿aLr
jg;Dkbfsf] ljt/0fdf 7"nf] leGgtf kfOPsf] 5 .
dfcf]jfbLn] k|:tfj u/]sf] !% ;+3Lo /fHodWo] cf};t jgsf] If]q x]bf{ hDdf b'O{ j6f /fHo -
ls/fFt / du/ft_ sf] efudf &% k|ltzt eGbf a9L jgIf]q kg] { x'gfn] oL b'O{ /fHo jg;|f]tsf]
lx;fan] ;DkGg b]lvG5g\ . o;ljk/Lt t/fO{ / sf7df8f} + pkTosfdf ;d]t\ sf]lrnf, ldlynf,
ef]hk"/f, cjw, yf?jfg / sf7df8f} +;Fu @% k|ltzt eGbf sd jg If]q /xG5 . o;n] ubf{
jg;|f]tsf] cfjZostf k"lt{ ug{ logLx¿ cGo /fHok|lt lge{/ x'g' kb{5 .
of] ljZn]if0fn] k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] cjl:yltnfO{ Wofgdf g/fvL k|:tfj ul/g] ;+3Lo ;+/rgfn] ;a}
If]q, ju{ / txsf hgtfdf pTkfbgd"ns ;|f]t;fwgsf] kx'Fr
;'lglZrt ug] { p2]Zo k'/f ug{ ufx|f]
x'g] s'/f k|i6 kf/]sf] 5 -kf]v/]n, @))*_ . of] l:ylt cfpg glbg ;+3Lo ;+/rgfsf] ax;df
jg;|f]tsf] afF8kmfF8nfO{ klg Ps dxTjk"0f{ cfwf/sf] ¿kdf lnOg' kb{5 .
21

xfd|f] jg ;Dkbf, jif{ &, cª\s !, @)^^÷km/]i6PS;g g]kfn
#=# jg Joj:yfkg / pkof]udf :jfoQtf, ;dtfd"ns kx'Fr
/ hjfkmb]lxtf
;+3Lo ;+/rgfsf] ax;df s]Gb|, :yfgLo ;/sf/ / hgtfaLrsf] zlQm ;Gt'ng / jg;|f]tsf]
afF8kmfF8 csf] { dxTjk"0f{ ljifo xf] . :yfgLo k|fs[lts ;Dkbfsf] Joj:yfkg / pkof]usf] clwsf/
:yfgLo hgtfd} lglxt eP dfq} k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] ;+/If0f, pTkfbgd"ns Joj:yfkg, cfly{s
pkfh{g / To;sf] k|of]un] ;fd'bflos ljsf; x'g;S5 eGg] s'/f ;fd'bflos jg nufot
;d'bfodf cfwfl/t cGo ;|f]t Joj:yfkg sfo{qmdn] k|dfl0ft u/]sf 5g\ -sg]n, @))$_ .
;fd'bflos jgsf] ;kmntf / o:t} cGo :yfgLo pkef]Qmfsf] cu'jfO / :jfldTjdf sfof{Gjog
ul/Psf] ;|f]t Joj:yfkg k|0ffnLx¿sf] l;sfOsf cfwf/df klg :yfgLo jg:fDkbfdflysf]
clwsf/ :yfgLo hgtfd} lglxt x'g'k5{ eGg] s'/fsf] ljsNk b]lvFb}g . t/ :jfoQtfsf] s'/f
gLtLlgod / sfg"gdf n]v]/ dfq k'Ub}g .
:yfgLo hgtf clwsf/ ;DkGg x'gsf] nflu pgLx¿n] 5fg]/ k7fPsf k|ltlglwx¿ Kf"0f{¿kn]
clwsf/ ;DkGg x'g'k5{ . o:tf] clwsf/n] ;DkGg :yfgLo lgsfo / ;+3n] dfq k|efjsf/L ¿kdf
jg Joj:yfkg ug{ ;Sb5g\ . t/ :jfoQtfdf hjfkmb]lxtfljgfsf] clwsf/ vt/fk"0f{ x'G5
-l/jf]6, @))@_ . ul/a / k5fl8 kfl/Psf ju{ / ;d"xk|ltsf] hjfkmb]lxtf tyf plrt
;+oGqljgfsf] :jfoQtfn] juL{o, hftLo / n}lËs lje]baf6 pTkGg c;dfg ;+/rgf ePsf]
g]kfnL ;dfhdf jg;Dkbfsf] pkof]uaf6 x'g] kmfObfdf ;a} ju{, tx / ;d"xsf hgtfsf] ;dfg
;xeflutf tyf ;dtfd"ns kx'Fr
;'lglZrt ug{ ;lsFb}g . o; cy{df ;dfj]zL ;+/rgf /
k|ltlglwTj ePsf] /fhg}lts PsfOsf] hgtfk|ltsf] hjfkmb]lxtfljgfsf] :jfoQtfn] klg
pTkfbgd"ns ;|f]tdf ;dfg kx'Fr
;'lglZrt ug] { ;+3Lotfsf] p2]Zo k"/f ug{ ;Sb}g .
;+3Lotfsf] ;Gbe{df ;du| k|fs[lts ;|f]tnfO{ ljZn]if0f ubf{ lgDg s'/fx¿df Jofks ax; u/]/
dfq lg0f{o ul/g' k5{ .
22

6]an !M ;+k|e'tf / clwsf/sf] afF8kmfF8
5nkmndf cfpg' kg] {
k|Zg
s_ s'g ;|f]tsf] ;+k|e'tf
sf];Fu /xg] <
v_ k|fs[lts ;|f]t s;n]
k|of]u ug] { <
u_ s'g k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf]
k|of]u s;/L ug] { / o;af/]
lg0f{o s;n] ug] { <
3_ k|fs[lts ;|f]taf6
cfpg] nfesf] afF8kmfF8
s;/L ug] { <
ª_ lg0f{o ug] { ;+/rgf
s:tf] x'g] / lg0f{o s;n]
ug] { <
{
r_ ;|f]tsf] ;+/If0f,
;Daw{g
ug] <
s;n] s;/L
xfd|f] jg ;Dkbf, jif{ &, cª\s !, @)^^÷km/]i6PS;g g]kfn
;dfwfgsf] ;Defljt 9fFrf
/fHo jf ;fd'bflos, s'g txsf] /fHodf eGg] lglZrt ug] { .
hgtfn] :jR5 / lgle{s ¿kdf k|of]u ug{ kfpg], :yfgLo ;d'bfoleq}
klg ul/a, cflbjf;L hghflt / cGo k5fl8 kfl/Psf ju{ Pj+ ;d"xsf]
clwsf/ klxn] g} ;'lglZrt u/]/ tyf :yfgLo /fHon] To;nfO{
;'lglZrt / cg'udg ug] { ;+/rgf agfP/ .
;femf ;DklQ, Goflos / lbuf] k|of]uh:tf ;a}sf] k|fyldstfnfO{
ljZn]if0f u/]/ k|fyldstf ;'xfpFbf] agfpg] .
/fHosf] Ps tx jf y'k| } txdf ;|f]tsf] kx'Fraf6
6f9f /x]sf] ;d'bfo /
hgtfdf kmfObfsf] k'glj{t/0fsf] k|lqmof tyf o;df ;d'bfo / ljleGg
txsf /fHosf] e"ldsf lglZrt ug] { .
k|hftflGqs k¢lt / clwsf/sf] k|of]uaf6 lg0f{o ul/g] k|fs[lts
;|f]t;Fu ;DalGwt 7"nf cfof]hgf, ;lGw;Demf}tfaf/] lg0f{o ubf{ jf
jftfj/0f;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o C0f jf ;xof]u lnFbf Jofks ¿kdf
5nkmn u/]/ hglgjf{lrt ;+;bsf] b'O{ltxfO{ dtn] dfq} lg0f{o ug] { .
;+/If0fdf ;|f]tsf] glhs / 6f9f a;]sf ;d'bfon] s;/L k|ToIf–ck|ToIf
of]ubfg tyf ;xof]u ug{ ;S5g\ eGg]af/] :yfgLo /fHosf] /f]xj/df
;a} txsf ;d'bfo / hgtfsf] ;xeflutf Pj+ 5nkmnaf6 6'+uf]
nufpg] .
;d'bfo, :yfgLo, ;+3Lo / s]Gb|Lo h'g;'s} txdf klg ;|f]tk|ltsf] :jfoQtf clwsf/ ;DkGg
:jfoQtf x'g' kb{5 eg] clwsf/ ;DkGg PsfO -tx_ sf] ;dfj]zL k|ltlglwTj tyf hgtfk|ltsf]
hjfkmb]lxtf csf] { ce}m dxTjk"0f{ kIf xf] eGg] b]lvG5 . ;+3Lotfdf clwsf/ / hjfkmb]lxtfsf]
ax; / ;+oGqdf of] b'j} kIfsf] tfnd]n x'g' cToGt} h?/L 5 . of] tfnd]nsf] z'?jft lgDg s]xL
sfo{af6 ug{ ;lsG5 .
-s_ :yfgLo txsf] PsfOnfO{ klxnf] k|fyldstfsf] ¿kdf ;dfj]zL, k|ltlglwd"ns / :yfgLo
hgtf, ljz]iftM ul/a, cflbjf;L / k5fl8 k/]sf hghflt / dlxnfx¿, k|lt hjfkmb]xL
agfpg] /fhg}lts ;+/rgf / ;+oGqsf] ljsf; ug] { .
-v_ s]Gb|Lo txdf /fhg}lts, ;fdflhs / k|fljlws ;a} kIf ;dfj]z ePsf] km/flsnf] ;+oGqn]
jgIf]qsf] jftfj/0fLo / ;fdflhs dfkb08 agfP/ :yfgLo txsf] PsfOnfO{ ;f]
dfkb08;lxt jg Joj:yfkg, pkof]u / k'glj{t/0f;DaGwL clwsf/ x:tfGt/0f ug] { .
-u_ :yfgLo hgtfnfO{ cfˆgf] clwsf/ / hgk|ltlglwsf] hjfkmb]lxtfaf/] ;';"lrt ug{ tyf
k|efjsf/L ¿kdf cfjfh p7fpg ;Ifd agfpg gful/s lzIff / ;zQmLs/0f sfo{qmdsf]
Joj:yf ug] { . :yfgLo hgtf, ljz]iftM ul/a / k5fl8 kfl/Psf ;d"x, sf] ;a}eGbf glhssf]
kx'Fr
ePsf] /fHo;+oGq eg]sf] :yfgLo PsfO g} xf], hxfF pgLx¿n] cfˆgf k|fyldstf,
;d:of / dfunfO{ t'ngfTds ¿kn] ;lhnf];Fu /fVg ;S5g\ . t/ cfˆgf clwsf/ / cfk"mn]
5fg]/ k7fPsf k|ltlglwx¿sf] hjfkmb]lxtfsf af/]df ;';"lrt gx'~h]n :yfgLo hgtf,
23

xfd|f] jg ;Dkbf, jif{ &, cª\s !, @)^^÷km/]i6PS;g g]kfn
ljz]iftM k5fl8 k/]sf If]q, ju{ / ;d"x, n] cfˆgf] cfjfh k|efjsf/L ¿kdf :yfgLo PsfOd}
klg k'¥ofpg ;Sb}gg\ . ha;Dd ul/a / k5fl8 kfl/Psf ;d"xsf] cfjfh / ;Ë7g
k|efjsf/L x'Fb}g,
ta;Dd s]Gb|, k|b]z, :yfgLo s'g} klg txdf hjfkmb]lxtf k|efjsf/L aGb}g
-cf]Ú g]On, km/]6L / x8;g, @))&_ .
-3_ s]Gb|, k|b]z, :yfgLo PsfO / ;d'bfo ;a} txdf hgtfk|lt, ljz]iftM ul/a / k5fl8
kfl/Psf ju{k|lt, ;Dj]bgzLn, ;dfj]zL k|ltlglwTj ePsf] hjfkmb]xL ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ug] {,
h;n] s]Gb|Lo txdf agfPsf jftfj/0fLo / ;dflhs dfkb08 ;'lglZrt ug'{sf
;fy} ;a}
txdf Goflos lgsfosf] sfd u5{ .
ª_ k|fs[lts ;|f]t;Fu ;DalGwt 7"nf cfof]hgf, ;lGw;Demf}tfaf/] lg0f{o ubf{ jf
jftfj/0f;DaGwL /fli6«o, cGt/f{li6«o C0f jf ;xof]u lnFbf Jofks ¿kdf 5nkmn u/]/
hglgjf{lrt ;+;bsf] b'O{ltxfO{ dtn] dfq} lg0f{o ug] { / ;f]sf] sfo{Gjogsf] ;+/rgf
;'lglZrt ug] { .
$= lgZsif{
g]kfn s]Gb|Ls[t /fHo k|0ffnLaf6 ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqdf cfpg'k5{ egL hgbjfj /
/fhg}lts k|lta4tf x'g' / o;sf] sfof{Gjogdf ;a} txsf hgtfsf] of]ubfg /xg'sf] k|d'v
p2]Zo ljleGg If]q, ju{, hfthflt, lnË / efiffefifLsf hgtfaLr ljBdfg pTkfbgd"ns ;|f]tsf]
c;dfg ljt/0f, kx'Fr
/ To;af6 l;lh{t c;dfg zlQm ;DaGwnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ ' xf] . xfn
5nkmndf cfPsf ;+3Lo ;+/rgfsf cfwf/n] of] p2]Zo k"/f u5{g\ ls ub} {gg\ eGg] ljZn]if0f x'g'
h?/L 5 . dfly pNn]lvt ljZn]if0fn] b'O{ j6f dxTjk"0f{ ;jfn / kl/l:yltsf] lrq0f ub{5 .
Ps, xfn ;a}eGbf a9L ax;df cfO/x]cg'¿k k|fb]lzs jf hftLo cfwf/df g]kfnsf] ;+3Lo
:j¿k lgwf{/0f ul/of] / k|fs[lts ;|f]t;Dkbfsf] ljt/0fdf Wofg lbOPg eg] jg;|f]t h:tf]
cfly{s ;d[l¢, jftfj/0fLo ;Gt'ng, ;fdflhs ljsf; / u|fdL0f hgtfsf] hLljsf]kfh{gsf]
;|f]tsf] /fHosf ljleGg If]q, ;+3 jf PsfOdf ;dtfd"ns ljt/0f x'Fb}g
. o;n] ubf{ juL{o,
If]qLo, hftLo ;d"xx¿aLr pTkfbgd"ns ;|f]t;fwgsf] ;dtfd"ns ljt/0f ug] {, ljsf;
k|lqmofdf ;a}nfO{ ;dfj]z ug] { / pknlAwx¿df ;a}sf] ;dfg kx'Fr
agfpg] p2]Zo k'/f x'g
;Sb}g . ;+3–;+3 jf k|b]z–k|b]zaLrsf] ;|f]tdflysf] kx'Fr
/ ;|f]tsf] kl/rfngaf6 k|fKt
pknlAwdf nfef+z a9fpg tyf ljBdfg c;dfgtf sd ug{ jg;Dkbf h:tf] k|fs[lts ;|f]t Ps
dxTjk"0f{ cfwf/ aGg ;S5 / aGg' klg kb{5 . ;+3Lo :j¿ksf] ax;;Fu} ;+3 / k|b]zx¿aLr
ljleGg txdf ;|f]t / nfef+z k'glj{t/0fsf] kl/kf6L tyf To;sf nflu ;dfj]zL / hjfkmb]xL
;+oGqsf] ljifodf klg ax; x'g' h?/L 5 .
bf];|f], xfd|f] ;fdflhs ;+/rgf / pTkfbgd"ns ;|f]tx¿dflysf] c;dfg kx'Frsf
sf/0f
hLljsf]kfh{gsf nflu :yfgLo ;d'bfoaLrd} klg cGo ju{ / ;d"xsf] t'ngfdf ul/a, cflbjf;L
hghflt / dlxnfx¿sf] jgdflysf] lge{/tf a9L x'G5 . oL ju{ / txsf hgtfsf] ;a}eGbf
glhssf] kx'Fr
/ ;DaGw ePsf] PsfO hgk|ltlglwx¿ ;lDdlnt :yfgLo PsfO g} xf] . To;}n]
:yfgLo jg;|f]tsf] Joj:yfkg / k|of]u;DaGwL :jfoQ clwsf/ oxL ;a}eGbf tNnf] PsfOdf
lglxt x'g'k5{ . clg dfq jgdf cfl>t hgtfsf] cfjfh ;/sf/L / /fhg}lts ;+/rgf tyf ;]jf
k|bfosx¿;Dd k'Ub5 / ;|f]tdfly pgLx¿sf] ] kx'Fr
;'lglZrt x'g ;Sb5 .
24

xfd|f] jg ;Dkbf, jif{ &, cª\s !, @)^^÷km/]i6PS;g g]kfn
:jfoQ clwsf/ :yfgLo PsfOdf x:tfGt/0f u/]/ dfq} hgtfk|lt pgLx¿sf] hjfkmb]lxtf /
pQ/bfloTj ;'lglZrt x'Fb}g
. To;}n] clwsf/ k|Tofof]hgsf ;fy;fy} /fHon] Psftk{m :yfgLo
PsfO / ;]jf k|bfosx¿df ;dfj]zL k|ltlglwTj tyf hgtfk|lt hjfkmb]lxtf ;'lglZrt ug{ ' kb{5
eg] csf] {tk{m :yfgLo hgtf, ljz]iftM ul/a / k5fl8 kfl/Psf ju{x¿df gful/s lzIff /
kl/rfngsf] dfWodaf6 cfˆgf k|fyldstfx¿ k|i6;Fu /fv]/ cfjZos ;]jf, ;'ljwf / ;|f]tdf
kx'Fr
lng ;Sg] Ifdtfsf] clej[l4 ug{ 'kb{5 .
k|fs[lts ;Dkbfn] el/k"0f{ xfd|f] b]zdf /fhg}lts cb"/blz{tf jf /fHo ;~rfng ul//x]sf
kIfx¿sf cfˆg} lglxt :jfy{n] ubf{ ljutdf b]zn] cfˆgf] cd"No ;Dkbf u'dfPsf] jf c;dfg
;lGw;Demf}tf / jftfj/0f ;'wf/sf gfddf cfpg] C0f / ;xof]un] b]z / hgtfnfO{ eGbf
bftfnfO{ a9L kmfObf k'¥ofPsf] tYo xfd|f];fd' n's]sf] 5}g . To;}n] o:tf] ;DefjgfnfO{ h/}b]lv
lgd" {n ug{ ca aGg] hgd'vL ;+ljwfgn] ;xeflutfd"ns /fhgLlts ;+oGq / ljlwsf] k|fjwfg
/fVg}k5{ . hglgjf{lrt ;/sf/sf ljleGg txdf lg0f{osf] clwsf/ afF8kmfF8 u/]/ / ;|f]tn] k|ToIf
c;/ kfg] { ljleGg ju{ / txsf hgtfsf] ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt u/]/ ;a} tx -s]Gb|, /fHo jf
k|fGt, :yfgLo_ sf ;+;bsf] slDtdf b'O{ltxfO{ dtn] dfq} o:tf] lg0f{o ug{ kfpg' kb{5 . olt eP
dfq g]kfnsf] k|fs[lts ;|f]tdf g]kfn / g]kfnLsf] ;Dk|e'tf sfod /fVg ;lsG5 .
oL ;a} kIfdf k|efjsf/L ;+oGq aGg ;do nfU5, t/ b'O{ jif{leq b]zsf] cfly{s, /fhg}lts /
;fdflhs ¿kfGt/0fsf] nflu olt 7"nf] ¿k/]vf sf]/]/ alnof] cfwf/ agfO;lsPsf] kl/k| ]Iodf
/fhg}lts k|lta4tf eP oL sfo{;"rL Tolt c;Dej rflxF 5}gg\ .
;Gbe{ ;fdu|L
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Development Goals in Proceedings of the Fourth National Workshop on Community
Forestry. 4-6 August, Kathmandu, Nepal.
O' Neil Tamme, Marta Foresti & Alan Hudson (2007). Evaluation of Citizen's Voice and
Accountability Review of the Literature and Donor's Approaches. London: DFID.
Rai Paudyal, B. (2005). Agrarian Structures and Distributive Outcomes. A study of
Community Forestry in Nepal, Ph.D Thesis, Institute of Social Studies, Hague, The
Netherlands.
Ribot J.C. (2002). Democratic Decentralization of Natural Resources, Institutionalizing
Popular Participation, World Resources Institute.
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Presented in an Interaction of People's Parliament on NRM, August 2008, Kathmandu.
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