Scup, Stenotomus chrysops, Life History and Habitat Characteristics

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Page 8 increase in scup abundance. The Middle Atlantic Bight stock is currently considered overfished because the stock is near record low abundance levels and catches exceed Fmax (Gabriel 1998; National Marine Fisheries Service 1997; Northeast Fisheries Science Center 1997). RESEARCH NEEDS • The taxonomic status of scup and “southern porgy” should be resolved. • The degree of mixing between populations in the Middle Atlantic and South Atlantic Bights across Cape Hatteras should be determined. • Better characterization of spawning sites and egg and larval habitats is needed. • Offshore winter habitats in the Middle Atlantic Bight need to be identified and described. • The relative importance of larger estuaries (e.g., Chesapeake, Delaware, and Raritan Bays, Long Island Sound) compared to smaller estuaries and inshore areas (e.g., Barnegat Bay, seaside bays from Maryland to Virginia) as primary nurseries should be examined. • Determine whether the patchy, inconsistent occurrence of juveniles results from inadequate monitoring or highly variable recruitment. • The habitat factors that result in the patchy distributions of juvenile and adult scup in space and time need to be identified. • The role of natural and artificial structured habitats in the life history, productivity, and fishery management of scup should be determined. • Research should be conducted on the trophic relationships of scup, including the factors that control the production and distribution of their prey (Kline 1997). • The effects of altering the population age structure on habitat requirements should be examined. • The effects of the winter trawl fishery in the southern Middle Atlantic Bight on spawning stock, juvenile survival, and habitat should be determined. • Information is needed on the direct and indirect effects of degraded environments on feeding, growth, fecundity, survival, and distribution of scup; indirect effects should include food web alterations. • The long-term, synergistic effects of combinations of environmental variables (e.g., pH and toxins) on survival, reproduction, and genetic changes should be investigated (Kline 1997). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS C. Steimle, J. Berrien, and R. Ramsey-Cross provided publications, literature searches, and interlibrary loans of material. Assistance was also provided by EFH team members (S. Griesbach, D. Packer, D. Sheehan, W. Morse, D. McMillan, R. Pikanowski, and J. Vitaliano) and others who supplied data for map development and text. W. Gabriel and F. Almeida led us to unpublished information and commented on earlier drafts of this document. REFERENCES CITED Abbe, G.R. 1967. An evaluation of the distribution of fish populations of the Delaware River estuary. M.S. thesis, Univ. of Delaware, Lewes, DE. 64 p. Able, K.W. and M.P. Fahay. 1998. The first year in the life of estuarine fishes in the Middle Atlantic Bight. Rutgers Univ. Press, New Brunswick, NJ. 342 p. Allen, D.M., J.P. Clymer, III, and S.S. Herman. 1978. Fishes of Hereford Inlet estuary, southern New Jersey. Lehigh Univ. Dep. Biol. & Cent. Mar. Environ. Stud. and the Wetlands Institute. 138 p. Arve, J. 1960. Preliminary report on attracting fish by oyster-shell plantings in Chincoteague Bay, Maryland. Chesapeake Sci. 1: 58-65. Austen, D.J., P.B. Bayley, and B.W. Menzel. 1994. Importance of the guild concept to fisheries research and management. Fisheries (Bethesda) 19(6): 12-20. Auster, P.J., R.J. Malatesta, and S.C. LaRosa. 1995. Patterns of microhabitat utilization by mobile megafauna on the southern New England (USA) continental shelf and slope. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 127: 77-85. Auster, P.J., R.J. Malatesta, S.C. LaRosa, R.A. Cooper, and L.L. Stewart. 1991. Microhabitat utilization by the megafaunal assemblage at a low relief outer continental shelf site - Middle Atlantic Bight, USA. J. Northwest Atl. Fish. Sci. 11: 59-69. Baird, S.F. 1873. Natural history of some of the more important food-fishes of the south shore of New England. In Report on the condition of the sea fisheries of the south coast of New England in 1871 and 1872. p. 228-235. Rep. Commissioner U.S. Comm. Fish. Fisheries. Pt. I. Beebe, W. and J. Tee-Van. 1933. Field book of the shore fishes of Bermuda. G.P. Putnam’s Sons, NY. 337 p. Berg, D.L. and J.S. Levinton. 1985. The biology of the Hudson-Raritan estuary, with emphasis on fishes. NOAA Tech. Mem. NOS OMA 16. 170 p. Berrien, P. and J. Sibunka. 1999. Distribution patterns of fish eggs in the United States northeast continental shelf ecosystem, 1977-1987. NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS 145. 310 p. Bigelow, H.B. and W.C. Schroeder. 1953. Fishes of the Gulf of Maine. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Fish. Bull. 53. 577 p. Bowman, R.E., T.R. Azarovitz, E.S. Howard, and B.P. Hayden. 1987. Food and distribution of juveniles of
seventeen northwest Atlantic fish species, 1973-1976. NOAA Tech. Mem. NMFS-F/NEC-45. 57 p. Bowman, R.E., R.O. Maurer, Jr., and J.A. Murphy. 1976. Stomach contents of twenty-nine species from five regions in the northwest Atlantic -- data report. U.S. Natl. Mar. Fish. Serv., Northeast Fish. Cent. Lab. Ref. No. 76-10. 37 p. Breder, C.M., Jr. 1922. The fishes of Sandy Hook Bay. Zoologica (NY). 2(15): 330-351. Briggs, P.T. 1975a. An evaluation of artificial reefs in New York’s marine waters. N.Y. Fish Game J. 22: 51-56. Briggs, P.T. 1975b. Shore-zone fishes of the vicinity of Fire Island Inlet, Great South Bay, New York. N.Y. Fish Game J. 22: 1-12. Briggs, P.T. and J.S. O’Connor. 1971. Comparison of shore-zone fishes over naturally vegetated and sandfilled bottoms in Great South Bay. N.Y. Fish Game J. 18: 15-41. Brown, S.K., R. Mahon, K.C.T. Zwanenburg, K.R. Buja, L.W. Claflin, R.N. O’Boyle, B. Atkinson, M. Sinclair, G. Howell, and M.E. Monaco. 1996. East coast of North America groundfish: Initial explorations of biogeography and species assemblages. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, MD and Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia. 111 p. Chang, S. 1990. Seasonal distribution patterns of commercial landings of 45 species off the northeastern United States during 1977-88. NOAA Tech. Mem. NMFS-F/NEC-78. 130 p. Clayton, G., C. Cole, S. Murawski, and J. Parrish. 1978. Common marine fishes of coastal Massachusetts. Contrib. 54, Mass. Coop. Fish. Res. Prog. Univ. Mass., Amherst. 231 p. Colvocoresses, J.A. and J.A. Musick. 1984. Species associations and community composition of Middle Atlantic Bight continental shelf demersal fishes. Fish. Bull. (U.S.) 82: 295-313. Cowen, R.K., J.A. Hare, and M.P. Fahay. 1993. Beyond hydrography: Can physical processes explain larval fish assemblages within the Middle Atlantic Bight? Bull. Mar. Sci. 53: 567-587. Croker, R.A. 1965. Planktonic fish eggs and larvae of Sandy Hook estuary. Chesapeake Sci. 6: 92-95. Derickson, W.K. and K.S. Price, Jr. 1973. The fishes of the shore zone of Rehoboth and Indian River bays, Delaware. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 102: 552-562. de Sylva, D.P., F.A. Kalber, and C.N. Schuster, Jr. 1962. Fishes and ecological conditions in the shore zone of the Delaware River estuary, with notes on other species collected in deeper waters. Univ. Delaware Mar. Lab. Inform. Ser. Publ. 5. 164 p. Dovel, W. 1967. Fish eggs and larvae of the Magothy River, Maryland. Chesapeake Sci. 8(2): 125-129. Dovel, W.L. 1981. Ichthyoplankton of the lower Hudson estuary, New York. N.Y. Fish Game J. 28: 21-39. Page 9 Edwards, R.L., R. Livingstone, Jr., and P.E. Hamer. 1962. Winter water temperatures and an annotated list of fishes-Nantucket Shoals to Cape Hatteras, Albatross III Cruise No. 126. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Spec. Sci., Rep. Fish. 397. 31 p. Eklund, A.-M. 1988. Fishes inhabiting hard bottom reef areas in the Middle Atlantic Bight: seasonality of species composition, catch rates, and reproduction. M.S. thesis, Univ. of Delaware, Newark, DE. 98 p. Eklund, A.-M. and T.E. Targett. 1990. Reproductive seasonality of fishes inhabiting hard bottom areas in the Middle Atlantic Bight. Copeia 1990(4): 1180- 1184. Esser, S.C. 1982. Long-term changes in some finfishes of the Hudson-Raritan Estuary. In G.F. Mayer ed. Ecological stress and the New York Bight: science and management. p. 299-314. Estuarine Research Federation, Columbia, SC. Everich, D. and J.G. Gonz
Page 1 and 2: NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-NE-1
Page 3 and 4: NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-NE-1
Page 5 and 6: One of the greatest long-term threa
Page 7 and 8: INTRODUCTION Scup (Stenotomus chrys
Page 9 and 10: fish eggs and larvae (Bowman et al.
Page 11 and 12: in intertidal and subtidal habitats
Page 13: Long Island from July through Octob
Page 17 and 18: Collect. 13(3). Michelman, M.S. 198
Page 19 and 20: Geol. Nat. Hist. Surv. Conn. Bull.
Page 21 and 22: Table 1. cont’d. Life Stage Salin
Page 23 and 24: a) 1973-1980 Arthropoda 54.9% b) 19
Page 25 and 26: Percent 100 90 20 10 0 100 90 30 20
Page 27 and 28: Figure 5. cont’d. PERCENT PERCENT
Page 29 and 30: 50 40 30 20 10 0 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15
Page 31 and 32: 20 16 12 8 4 0 -1 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 1
Page 33 and 34: 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 Scup
Page 35 and 36: 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 Scup
Page 37 and 38: Figure 12. cont’d. Page 31
Page 39 and 40: 0.0 0.0 0.0 537.2 18.8 9.8 0.0 0.0
Page 41 and 42: 2 1 0 800 600 400 200 0 5000 4000 3
Page 43 and 44: Scup Hudson-Raritan Estuary Fall 19
Page 45: Landings (mt x 1000) 10 8 6 4 2 Sou
Page 48: Research Communications Unit Northe

Scup, Stenotomus chrysops, Life History and Habitat Characteristics

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