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5. Smith, The Walk to Paradise Garden, 1946, www.magnumphotos.com/Archive/C.aspx?VP3=ViewBox_VPage&VBID=2K1HZSFVYZAH&IT=Z oomImage01_VForm&IID=2S5RYDRPQWX&ALID=2K7O3R13EV6E&PN=48&CT=Search. 6. Weston, Edward, Pepper, 1930, www.edward-weston.com/edward_weston_natural_1.htm. 7. Weston, Nude, 1936, edward-weston.com/edward_weston_nudes_4.htm. 8. This is a debate that continues in filmmaking. Some argue that film is beholden too much to social expectations by relying on theatrical conventional to establish its narrative, and as such, forfeits its inherent, individual qualities of being first and foremost, a visual medium. 9. Parrish, Fred S., Photojournalism, Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 2002, 140. 9. http://www.camerairaq.com/2004/05/caskets_photogr.html 11. Lange, Dorothea, The Migratory Cotton Picker, 1940, http://www.masters-of photography.com/L/lange/lange_cotton_picker_full.html. 10. Howe, 10. 13. Howe, Peter, Shooting Under Fire: The World of the War Photographer, New York, NY: Artisan, 2002, 13. 14. Berger, John. 15. Smith, Eugene W, “A Letter to Erine Pyle,” 1944. 16. There is no evidence to suggest that Smith constructed Soldier in Saipan Holds Baby. 46
CRANES IN THE DEMILITARIZED ZONE Maura C. Flannery St. John’s University, New York Armed conflicts bring a great deal of suffering and destruction not only to human populations but to other species as well. The defoliants used during the Vietnam War irrevocably changed many landscapes in Southeast Asia. Landmines all over the world kill unsuspecting animals along with people. However, on rare occasions conflict can provide a refuge. That is the case with an area created during a war that never did end. Technically, the Korean War was never officially a war, but an “armed conflict” because war was never declared by the United States. And no treaty was signed at its conclusion; there has never been an official conclusion. Instead, there was an armistice with several provisions, including the creation of a Demilitarized Zone or DMZ between North and South Korea. Because human activity is kept to a minimum in the area, it has become a de facto wildlife refuge. This has been particularly beneficial for two endangered crane species which have flourished in the DMZ since the 1950s. Coincidentally, the crane became a symbol of peace after the end of World War II. In this paper, I will discuss this bird as an example of the relationship between war and conservation, as well as how it can be used in teaching about the link between environmental and political issues. In addition, I will touch on the issue of warfare metaphors used in science. THE KOREAN DEMILITARIZED ZONE The DMZ is a stretch of land 148 miles long and 2.5 miles wide. It runs roughly east-west along the 38th parallel. Toward the east, the land is mountainous, and in the west, there are river deltas and grasslands. Under the terms of the agreement that created this buffer zone between North and South Korea, there is fence along the DMZ’s center, marking the Military Demarcation Line. All heavy weapons and large troop placements are banned from the area, though more recently, some roads and railroad lines through the DMZ have been allowed to be reconnected. The only people usually in this area are soldiers and observers. On the southern side, there is small town whose citizens are allowed to enter the DMZ to harvest crops. The creation of this barrier has had two major effects on the area. First, populations on either side of the DMZ have grown tremendously, and the areas have become much more urbanized and cultivated. This development contrasts sharply with what has happened within the narrow DMZ. As satellite images indicate, particularly at its western end, the DMZ appears as a green swath with gray areas, representing developed land, on both sides. If we can see this from the air, so can birds, which have literally flocked to the DMZ. There are also wild angora goats, Amur leopards, and bears. While the Siberian tiger is thought to be extinct in South Korea, there are indications that there may be some roaming the DMZ. These signs include paw marks in the snow and trees scratched in a way that is characteristic of these tigers. Local farmers have also reported animals killed by what is apparently a large predator. This evidence has led conservationists to lobby for the removal of the fence across the Military Demarcation Line so the tigers can move more freely and be able to breed over a larger range, thus insuring genetic diversity. CRANES AND THE DMZ 47
Page 1 and 2: Humanities and Sciences Department
Page 3 and 4: THE AESTHETIC EQUIVALENT OF WAR Geo
Page 5 and 6: We live but once and briefly and to
Page 7 and 8: not bothering to hold out the Gorgo
Page 9 and 10: Thomas Hart Benton. The Sowers. 194
Page 11 and 12: pliant politician, McKinley, was sw
Page 13 and 14: kinds of objects—ornaments, medal
Page 15 and 16: 4. Michael Walzer, Just and Unjust
Page 17 and 18: AN ARTISTS’ RIGHTS COURSE FOR YOU
Page 19 and 20: This means that even though the art
Page 21 and 22: ORSON WELLES’ WAR OF THE WORLDS:
Page 23 and 24: Over the next several days, newspap
Page 25 and 26: Kirby reminds us, “on the other h
Page 27 and 28: 43. Michael Kirby, “On Political
Page 29 and 30: War and destruction carry with them
Page 31 and 32: Bigelow proposes “Courage is not
Page 33 and 34: Whenever possible, action shots sho
Page 35 and 36: Roosevelt’s Secretary of the Inte
Page 37 and 38: juxtaposition, our images by and la
Page 39 and 40: this end, as a representational art
Page 41 and 42: photography in general. Consider th
Page 43 and 44: human behavior and prevent distorti
Page 45: the photograph: war versus peace, k
Page 49 and 50: TEACHING I teach nonscience majors
Page 51 and 52: BIBLIOGRAPHY Chiron, F., Shirley, S
Page 53 and 54: student, looking for a personal pla
Page 55 and 56: history as meaning. Particulars bec
Page 57 and 58: What seems more interesting, and sa
Page 59 and 60: THE RISE OF THE CELLULOID SOLDIER:
Page 61 and 62: provocative fashion. The needy cust
Page 63 and 64: homosexuality?” The Medical Socie
Page 65 and 66: AFGHANISTAN GOES TO THE MOVIES Iren
Page 67 and 68: you would think either no one lived
Page 69 and 70: So where does this leave us with Af
Page 71 and 72: The music of Sergei Prokofiev is no
Page 73 and 74: genuinely believed in the ideals em
Page 75 and 76: 7. Victory (Lenin—speeches & arti
Page 77 and 78: the ruler were nonetheless subject
Page 79 and 80: masterpiece, the piece was approved
Page 81 and 82: with the poetry of peaceful labour.
Page 83 and 84: task with professional efficiency a
Page 85 and 86: outskirts of Paris where immigrant
Page 87 and 88: Arts Décoratifs. 19 De Gaulle was
Page 89 and 90: While the posters were to function
Page 91 and 92: THE ARTIST AS WITNESS AND WARRIOR P
Page 93 and 94: ut this is just what the Nazis said
Page 95 and 96: The question is—how much pain is
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eat, defecate and lay their eggs on
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As the agriculture industry regards
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The Belknap Press—Harvard UP, 198
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diagram the Joint Forces Chain of C
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(Gardening the Robber Hole) (2007).
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6. Szymborska, Wislawa, Reality Dem
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Collins. Questions About Angels fro
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shows that the greater discrepancy
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also reveal a humorist whose comedy
Page 115 and 116:
Kaufman has long deserved serious s
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The group of poems I will call “W
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more than literature does. Rather,
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vaporization—“cremations”—a
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Despite the potential for jazz to b
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Bob Kaufman, “War Memoir,” in S
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then a groan, as his lips pushed ou
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fear, and the overpowering and ling
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Before Graybeard could finish his p
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And how could any story be told abo
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examine incomprehensible injuries t
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Paradoxically, too, what these witn
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future than the past” (Ito), 5 Ok
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