Acupuncture - Scott & White Health Plan

Page 1 of 22 

Acupuncture 

MEDICAL COVERAGE POLICY 

SERVICE: Acupuncture 

Policy Number: 001 

Effective Date: 08-01-2010 

Last Review: 05-03-2012 

Next Review Date: 05-03-2013 

Important note 

Even though this policy may indicate that a particular service or supply may be considered covered, this conclusion is 

not based upon the terms of your particular benefit plan. Each benefit plan contains its own specific provisions for 

coverage and exclusions. Not all benefits that are determined to be medically necessary will be covered benefits 

under the terms of your benefit plan. You need to consult the Evidence of Coverage to determine if there are any 

exclusions or other benefit limitations applicable to this service or supply. If there is a discrepancy between this policy 

and your plan of benefits, the provisions of your benefits plan will govern. However, applicable state mandates will 

take precedence with respect to fully insured plans and self-funded non-ERISA (e.g., government, school boards, 

church) plans. Unless otherwise specifically excluded, Federal mandates will apply to all plans. With respect to Senior 

Care members, this policy will apply unless Medicare policies extend coverage beyond this Medical Policy & Criteria 

Statement. Senior Care policies will only apply to benefits paid for under Medicare rules, and not to any other health 

benefit plan benefits. CMS's Coverage Issues Manual can be found on the CMS website. 


OVERVIEW: Acupuncture is a complementary or alternative medicine technique or approach 

to patient care that involves the insertion of fine, hair-thin metallic (filiform) needles through the 

skin at specific points on the body, with or without the application of electrical current 

(Percutaneous Electrical Neuromuscular Stimulation - PENS) in an attempt to relieve pain, 

tension or improve bodily function. Acupuncture is reported based on the 15-minute increments 

of personal (face-to-face) contact with the patient, not the duration of acupuncture needle(s) 

placement. 

POLICY: Acupuncture is not a covered benefit for the majority of plans. For the few plans 

where it is explicitly articulated as a covered benefit, Prior Authorization is required to determine 

medical necessity. The determination of medical necessity for the use of acupuncture (with or 

without the application of electrical stimulation) is always made on a case-by-case basis. 

The use of acupuncture (with or without the application of electrical stimulation) may be 

considered medically necessary for the following conditions: 

• Treatment of medication-induced nausea, post-operative nausea or nausea associated 

with pregnancy. 

• Treatment of chronic low back pain after failing not less than 12 months of conservative 

treatment. 

• As an adjunct to standard conservative therapy, treatment of tension and migraine 

headache. 

• As an adjunct to standard conservative therapy, acute postoperative pain. 

• Treatment to reduce pain and improvement disability due to knee osteoarthritis 

Any treatment plan involving the use of acupuncture should ultimately result in a clinically 

meaningful reduction in the patient’s pain level, an improvement in the targeted symptom/sign, 

the reduction in the use of medication or medical services, and/or an improved ability to carry 

out their usual activities of daily living. The use of acupuncture beyond two to three (2-3) weeks 

without elimination or a significant clinically meaningful reduction in the patient symptom or pain 

levels, an improvement in the targeted symptom/sign, the reduction in use of medication or 

medical services and/or clinical signs of functional improvement may be considered not 

medically necessary.

Page 2 of 22 








SWHP does NOT cover acupuncture for any other indication, because it is considered 

experimental, investigational or unproven. 

MANDATES: N/A 

CODES: 

CPT Codes: 97810, 97811, 97813, 97814 

HCPCS Codes: N/A 

307.81, 338.0, 338.2-338.4, 346.00-346.93 

ICD9 codes: 

643.00-643.93, 715.00-715.98, 724.2, 787.00-787.04 

Hayes Ratings: 

B - Post operative nausea and vomiting in women 

C - Nausea and vomiting in men, children, pregnant women, and cancer patients 

C - Postoperative pain 

C - Acute and chronic pain 

C - Tension and migraine headache 

C - Knee osteoarthritis 

D - Osteoarthritis of other Joints 

D - Rheumatoid Arthritis 

D - Fibromyalgia 

D - Alcohol, drug, and tobacco dependence 

D - Weight loss 

CMS: 

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services: Section 30-3 of the National Coverage 

Determinations (NCDs) excludes all forms of acupuncture from CMS reimbursement (CMS, 

2009). 

REFERENCES: The following scientific references were utilized in the formulation of this medical 

policy. SWHP will continue to review clinical evidence related to this policy and may modify it at a later 

date based upon the evolution of the published clinical evidence. Should additional scientific studies 

become available and they are not included in the list, please forward the reference(s) to SWHP so the 

information can be reviewed by the Medical Coverage Policy Committee (MCPC) and the Quality 

Improvement Committee (QIC) to determine if a modification of the policy is in order. 

1. Acupuncture: NIH Consensus Statement; 1997;15:1–34. 

2. Agarwal A, Dhiraaj S, Tandon M, et al. Evaluation of capsaicin ointment at the Korean 

hand acupressure point K-D2 for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting. 

Anaesthesia. 2005;60:1185-1188. 

3. Agarwal A, Pathak A, Gaur A. Acupressure wristbands do not prevent postoperative 

nausea and vomiting after urological endoscopic surgery. Can J Anaesth. 2000;47:319- 

324.

Page 3 of 22 








4. Ahonen E, Hakumaki M, Mahlamaki S, et al. Effectiveness of acupuncture and 

physiotherapy on myogenic headache: a comparative study. Acupunct Electrother Res. 

1984;9:141-150. 

5. Aigner N, Fialka C, Radda C, et al. Adjuvant laser acupuncture in the treatment of 

whiplash injuries: a prospective, randomized placebo-controlled trial. Wien Klin 

Wochenschr. 2006;118:95-99. 

6. Alecrim-Andrade J, Maciel-Junior J, Cladellas X, et al. Acupuncture in migraine 

prophylaxis: a randomized sham-controlled trial. Cephalalgia. 2006;26:520-529. 

7. Alimi D, Rubino C, Pichard-Leandri E, Fermand-Brule S, Dubreuil-Lemaire ML, Hill C. 

Analgesic effect of auricular acupuncture for cancer pain: a randomized, blinded, 

controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 21(22):4120-6, 2003 Nov 15. 

8. Allais G, De Lorenzo C, Quirico PE, et al. Acupuncture in the prophylactic treatment of 

migraine without aura: a comparison with flunarizine. Headache. 2002;42:855-861. 

9. Allen JJ, Schnyer RN, Chambers AS, et al. Acupuncture for depression: a randomized 

controlled trial. J Clin Psychiatry. 2006;67:1665-1673. 

10. Allen DL, Kitching AJ, Nagle C. P6 acupressure and nausea and vomiting after 

gynaecological surgery. Anaesth Intensive Care. 1994;22:691-693. 

11. Alkaissi A, Evertsson K, Johnsson VA, et al. P6 acupressure may relieve nausea and 

vomiting after gynecological surgery: an effectiveness study in 410 women. Can J 

Anaesth. 2002;49:1034-1039. 

12. Alkaissi A, Stalnert M, Kalman S. Effect and placebo effect of acupressure (P6) on nausea 

and vomiting after outpatient gynaecological surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 

1999;43:270-274. 

13. Altman R, Brandt K, Hochberg M, et al. Design and conduct of clinical trials in patients with 

osteoarthritis: recommendations from a task force of the Osteoarthritis Research Society. 

Results from a workshop. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. 1996;4(4):217–243. 

14. Andersson G, Lyttkens L. Acupuncture for tinnitus: time to stop? Scand Audiol. 

1996;25:273-275. 

15. Andersson E, Persson AL, Carlsson CP. Are auricular maps reliable for chronic 

musculoskeletal pain disorders? A double-blind evaluation. Acupunct Med. 2007;25:72-79. 

16. Arendt-Nielsen L, Svensson P. Referred muscle pain: basic and clinical findings. Clin J 

Pain 2001;17(1):11-19. 

17. Assefi NP, Sherman KJ, Jacobsen C, et al. A randomized clinical trial of acupuncture 

compared with sham acupuncture in fibromyalgia. Ann Intern Med. 2005;143:10-19. 

18. Aune A, Alraek T, LiHua H, et al. Acupuncture in the prophylaxis of recurrent lower urinary 

tract infection in adult women. Scand J Prim Health Care. 1998;16:37-39. 

19. Avants SK, Margolin A, Holford TR, et al. A randomized controlled trial of auricular 

acupuncture for cocaine dependence. Arch Intern Med. 2000;160:2305-2312. 

20. Baldry PE. Acupuncture, Trigger Points and Musculoskeletal Pain. 2nd ed Edinburgh: 

Churchill Livingstone; 1993. 

21. Barlas P, Robinson J, Allen J, et al. Lack of effect of acupuncture upon signs 

andsymptoms of delayed onset muscle soreness. Clin Physiol. 2000;20:449-456. 

22. Barsoum G, Perry EP, Fraser IA. Postoperative nausea is relieved by acupressure. J R 

Soc Med. 1990;83:86-89. 

23. Basbaum AI, Fields HL. Endogenous pain control systems: brainstem spinal pathways and 

endorphin circuitry. Annu Rev Neurosci 1984;7:309-38.

Page 4 of 22 








24. Bausell RB, Lao L, Bergman S, et al. Is acupuncture analgesia an expectancy effect? 

Preliminary evidence based on participants' perceived assignments in two placebocontrolled 

trials. Eval Health Prof. 2005;28:9-26. 

25. Baxter GD, Kerr DP, Walsh DM. Acupuncture in the management of chronic low back 

pain: a blinded randomised controlled trial [abstract]. FACT. 2001;6:70-71. 

26. Bellamy N, Kirwan J, Boers M, et al. Recommendations for a core set of outcome 

measures for future phase III clinical trials in knee, hip, and hand osteoarthritis. 

Consensus development at OMERACT III. Journal of Rheumatology. 1997;24(4):799–802. 

27. Belluomini J, Litt RC, Lee KA, et al. Acupressure for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: a 

randomised, blinded study. Obstet Gynecol. 1994;84:245-248. 

28. Berger D, Nolte D. Acupuncture-has it a demonstrable bronchospasmolytic effect in 

bronchial asthma? [in German]. Med Klin. 1975;70:1827-1830. 

29. Berman BM, Lao L, Langenberg P, et al. Effectiveness of acupuncture as adjunctive 

therapy in osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 

2004;141:901-910. 

30. Berman BM, Ezzo J, Hadhazy V, et al. Is acupuncture effective in the treatment of 

fibromyalgia? J Fam Pract. 1999;48:213-218. 

31. Berman BM, Singh BB, Lao L, et al. A randomized trial of acupuncture as an adjunctive 

therapy in osteoarthritis of the knee. Rheumatology (Oxford). 1999;38(4):346–354. 

32. Bier ID, Wilson J, Studt P, et al. Auricular acupuncture, education, and smoking cessation: 

a randomized, sham-controlled trial. Am J Public Health. 2002;92:1642-1647. 

33. Bing Z, Villanueva L, Le Bars D. Acupuncture and diffuse noxious inhibitory controls-naloxone-reversible 

depression of activities of trigeminal convergent neurons. 

Neuroscience 1990;37(3):809-18. 

34. Birch S, Jamison RN. Controlled trial of Japanese acupuncture for chronic myofascial neck 

pain: assessment of specific and nonspecific effects of treatment. Clin J Pain. 

1998;14:248-255. 

35. Blossfeldt P. Acupuncture for chronic neck pain - a cohort study in an NHS pain clinic. 

Acupunct Med. 2004 Sep;22(3):146-51. 

36. Boehler M, Mitterschiffthaler G, Schlager A. Korean hand acupressure reduces 

postoperative nausea and vomiting after gynecological laparoscopic surgery. Anesth 

Analg. 2002;94:872-875. 

37. Bossy J. Morphological data concerning the acupuncture points and channel network. 

Acupunct Electrother Res 1984;9(2):79-106. 

38. Brinkhaus B, Witt CM, Jena S, Linde K, Streng A, Wagenpfeil S, Irnich D, Walther HU, 

Melchart D, Willich SN. Acupuncture in patients with chronic low back pain: a randomized 

controlled trial. Arch Intern Med. 2006 Feb 27;166(4):450-7. 

39. Brinkhaus B, Hummelsberger J, Kohnen R, et al. Acupuncture and Chinese herbal 

medicine in the treatment of patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis: a randomizedcontrolled 

clinical trial. Allergy. 2004;59:953-960. 

40. Brinkhaus B, Witt CM, Jena S, et al. Acupuncture in patients with chronic low back pain: a 

randomized controlled trial. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166:450-457. 

41. Bullock ML, Kiresuk TJ, Pheley AM, et al. Auricular acupuncture in the treatment of 

cocaine abuse. A study of efficacy and dosing. J Subst Abuse Treat. 1999;16:31-38. 

42. Bullock ML, Kiresuk TJ, Sherman RE, et al. A large, randomized, placebo-controlled study 

of auricular acupuncture for alcohol dependence. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2002;22:71-77.

Page 5 of 22 








43. Bullock ML, Umen AJ, Culliton PD, et al. Acupuncture treatment of alcoholic recidivism: a 

pilot study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1987;11:292-295. 

44. Capodice JL, Jin Z, Bemis DL, et al. A pilot study on acupuncture for lower urinary tract 

symptoms related to chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain. Chin Med. 2007 Feb 6. [Epub 

ahead of print]. 

45. Carlsson J, Augustinsson LE, Blomstrand C, et al. Health status in patients with tension 

headache treated with acupuncture or physiotherapy. Headache. 1990;30:593-599. 

46. Ceecherelli F, Bordin M, Gagliardi G, et al. Comparison between superficial and deep 

acupuncture in the treatment of the shoulder's myofascial pain: a randomized and 

controlled study. Acupunct Electrother Res. 2001;26:229-238. 

47. Chan J, Briscomb D, Waterhouse E, Cannaby AM. An uncontrolled pilot study of HT7 for 

'stress'. Acupunct Med. 2002 Aug;20(2-3):74-7. 

48. Chen ML, Lin LC, Wu SC, et al. The effectiveness of acupressure in improving the quality 

of sleep of institutionalized residents. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 1999;54:M389-M394. 

49. Cherkin DC, Eisenberg D, Sherman KJ, et al. Randomized trial comparing traditional 

Chinese medical acupuncture, therapeutic massage, and self-care education for chronic 

low back pain. Arch Intern Med. 2001;161:1081-1088. 

50. Christensen BV, Iuhl IU, Vilbek H, Bulow HH, Dreijer NC, Rasmussen HF. Acupuncture 

treatment of severe knee osteoarthrosis. A long-term study. Acta Anaesthesiologica 

Scandinavica. 1992;36(6):519–525. 

51. Coan RM, Wong G, Coan PL. The acupuncture treatment of neck pain: a randomized 

controlled study. Am J Chin Med 1982;9:326–32. 

52. Colombo B, Annovazzi PO, Comi G. Medications for neuropathic pain: current trends. 

Neurol Sci 2006;27 Suppl 2:S183-9. 

53. Choo DCA, Yue G. Acute intracranial hemorrhage in the brain caused by acupuncture. 

Headache. 2000;40:397-398. 

54. Chow OK, So SY, Lam WK, et al. Effect of acupuncture on exercise-induced asthma. 

Lung. 1983;161:321-326 

55. Christensen PA, Rotne M, Vedelsdal R, et al. Electroacupuncture in anaesthesia for 

hysterectomy. Br J Anaesth. 1993;71:835-838. 

56. Chu YC, Lin SM, Hsieh YC, et al. Effect of BL-10 (tianzhu), BL-11 (dazhu) and GB-34 

(yanglinquan) acuplaster for prevention of vomiting after strabismus surgery in children. 

Acta Anaesthesiol Sin. 1998;36:11-16. 

57. Clement-Jones V, McLoughlin L, Tomlin S, et al. Increased beta-endorphin but not metenkephalin 

levels in human cerebrospinal fluid after acupuncture for recurrent pain. 

Lancet. 1980;2:946-949. 

58. Cohen SM, Rousseau ME, Carey BL. Can acupuncture ease the symptoms of 

menopause? Holist Nurs Pract. 2003;17:295-299. 

59. Cristian A, Katz M, Cutrone E, et al. Evaluation of acupuncture in the treatment of 

Parkinson's disease: A double-blind pilot study. Mov Disord. 2005 May 9. 

60. Cummings TM. White AR. Needling therapies in the management of myofascial trigger 

point pain: a systematic review. Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. 82(7):986- 

92, 2001 Jul. 

61. David J, Modi S, Aluko AA, et al. Chronic neck pain: a comparison of acupuncture 

treatment and physiotherapy. Br J Rheumatol 1998;37:1118–22.

Page 6 of 22 








62. David J, Townsend S, Sathanathan R, et al. The effect of acupuncture on patients with 

rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized, placebo-controlled cross-over study. Rheumatology 

(Oxford). 1999;38:864-869. 

63. Davis PA, Chang C, Hackman RM, et al. Acupuncture in the treatment of asthma: a critical 

review. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 1998;26:263-271. 

64. Deluze C, Bosia L, Zirbs A, et al. Electroacupuncture in fibromyalgia: results of a 

controlled trial. BMJ. 1992;305:1249-1252. 

65. Derry CJ, Derry S, McQuay HJ, et al. Systematic review of systematic reviews of 

acupuncture published 1996-2005. Clin Med. 2006;6:381-386. 

66. Dibble SL, Luce J, Cooper BA, et al. Acupressure for chemotherapy-induced nausea and 

vomiting: a randomized clinical trial. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2007;34:813-820. 

67. Diener HC, Kronfeld K, Boewing G, et al. Efficacy of acupuncture for the prophylaxis of 

migraine: a multicentre randomised controlled clinical trial. Lancet Neurol. 2006;5:310-316. 

68. Dobie RA. A review of randomized clinical trials in tinnitus. Laryngoscope. 1999;109:1202- 

1211. 

69. Dowson DI, Lewith GT, Machin D. The effects of acupuncture versus placebo in the 

treatment of headache. Pain. 1985;21:35-42. 

70. Duggal KN, Douglas MJ, Peteru EA, et al. Acupressure for intrathecal narcotic-induced 

nausea and vomiting after caesarean section. Int J Obstet Anesth. 2004;7:231-236. 

71. Dundee JW, Chestnutt WN, Ghaly RG, et al. Traditional Chinese acupuncture: a 

potentially useful antiemetic? Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1986;293:583-584. 

72. Dundee JW, Ghaly RG, Fitzpatrick KTJ, et al. Acupuncture prophylaxis of cancer 

chemotherapy-induced sickness. J R Soc Med. 1988;82:268-271. 

73. Ernst E. Acupuncture—a critical analysis. J Intern Med. 2006;259:125-37. 

74. Ebneshahidi NS, Heshmatipour M, Moghaddami A, et al. The effects of laser acupuncture 

on chronic tension headache--a randomised controlled trial. Acupunct Med. 2005;23:13- 

18. 

75. Edelist G, Gross AE, Langer F. Treatment of low back pain with acupuncture. Can 

Anaesth Soc J. 1976;23:303-306. 

76. Edward J, Knowles N. Superficial dry needling and active stretching in the treatment of 

myofascial pain-a randomised controlled trial. Acupunct Med 2003;21(3):80-6. 

77. Ehrlich D, Haber P. Influence of acupuncture on physical performance capacity and 

haemodynamic parameters. Int J Sport Med. 1992;13:486-491. 

78. Eich H, Agelink MW, Lehmann E, et al. Acupuncture in patients with minor depressive 

episodes and generalized anxiety. Results of an experimental study [in German; English 

abstract]. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr. 2000;68:137-144. 

79. Ekblom A, Hansson P, Thomsson M, et al. Increased postoperative pain and consumption 

of analgesics following acupuncture. Pain. 1991;44:241-247. 

80. Emmons SL, Otto L. Acupuncture for overactive bladder: a randomized controlled trial. 

Obstet Gynecol. 2005;106:138-143. 

81. Endres HG, Diener HC, Molsberger A. Role of acupuncture in the treatment of migraine. 

Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics. 7(9):1121-34, 2007 Sep. 

82. Engelhardt PF, Daha LK, Zils T, et al. Acupuncture in the treatment of psychogenic 

erectile dysfunction: first results of a prospective randomized placebo-controlled study. Int 

J Impot Res. 2003;15:343-346.

Page 7 of 22 








83. Ernst E, White AR. Acupuncture for back pain: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled 

trials. Arch Intern Med. 1998;158:2235-2241. 

84. Ernst E, White AR. Prospective studies of the safety of acupuncture: a systematic review. 

Am J Med. 2001;110:481-485. 

85. Ezzo J, Hadhazy V, Birch S, Lao L, Kaplan G, Hochberg M, et al. Acupuncture for 

osteoarthritis of the knee: a systematic review. Arthritis Rheum 2001;44(4):819-25. 

86. Ezzo J, Berman B, Hadhazy VA, Jadad AR, Lao L, Singh BB Is acupuncture effective for 

the treatment of chronic pain? A systematic review. Pain. 2000 Jun;86(3):217-25. 

87. Ezzo JM, Richardson MA, Vickers A, Allen C, Dibble SL, Issell BF, Lao L, Pearl M, 

Ramirez G, Roscoe JA, Shen J, Shivnan JC, Streitberger K, Treish I, Zhang G. 

Acupuncture-point stimulation for chemotherapy-induced nausea or vomiting. Cochrane 

Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 2. 

88. Facco E, Liguori A, Petti F, et al. Traditional acupuncture in migraine: a controlled, 

randomized study. Headache. 2007 Sep 14. 

89. Fan CF, Tanhui E, Joshi S, et al. Acupressure treatment for prevention of postoperative 

nausea and vomiting. Anesth Analg. 1997;84:821-825. 

90. Fanti L, Gemma M, Passaretti S, et al. Electroacupuncture analgesia for colonoscopy. A 

prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2003;98:312-316. 

91. Feldman D, da Costa Sao Paulo ED. Treatment of fibromyalgia with acupuncture: a 

randomized, placebo controlled trial of 16 weeks duration. Arthritis Rheum. 2001;44(suppl 

9):P119. 

92. Felhendler D, Lisander B. Pressure on acupoints decreases postoperative pain. Clin J 

Pain. 1996;12:326-329. 

93. Felson DT, Lawrence RC, Hochberg MC, et al. Osteoarthritis: new insights. Part 2: 

treatment approaches. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2000;133(9): 726–737. 

94. Fink M, Wolkenstein E, Karst M, et al. Acupuncture in chronic epicondylitis: a randomized 

controlled trial. Rheumatology. 2002;41:205-209. 

95. Fink MG, Kunsebeck HW, Wippermann B. Effect of needle acupuncture on pain 

perception and functional impairment of patients with coxarthrosis [in German; English 

abstract]. Z Rheumatol. 2000;59:191-199. 

96. Fink M, Karst M, Wippermann B, et al. Non-specific effects of traditional Chinese 

acupuncture in osteoarthritis of the hip: a randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther 

Med. 2001;9:82-88. 

97. Fink M, Rollnik JD, Bijak M, et al. Needle acupuncture in chronic poststroke leg spasticity. 

Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2004;85:667-672. 

98. Fireman Z, Segal A, Kopelman Y, et al. Acupuncture treatment for irritable bowel 

syndrome. A double-blind controlled study. Digestion. 2001;64:100-103. 

99. Flachskampf FA, Gallasch J, Gefeller O, et al. Randomized trial of acupuncture to lower 

blood pressure. Circulation. 2007 Jun 4. 

100. Forbes A, Jackson S, Walter C, et al. Acupuncture for irritable bowel syndrome: a blinded 

placebo-controlled trial. Gut. 2002;50:A83. 

101. Foster NE, Thomas E, Barlas P, et al. Acupuncture as an adjunct to exercise based 

physiotherapy for osteoarthritis of the knee: randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2007 Aug 

15.

Page 8 of 22 








102. Franca DL, Senna-Fernandez V, Cortez Cm, Jackson MN, Bernardo-Filho M, Buimaraes 

MA. Tension neck syndrome treated by acupuncture combined with physiotherapy: A 

comparative clinical (pilot study). Complement Ther Med. 2008 Oct;16(5):268-277. 

103. Franke A, Gebauer S, Franke K, et al. Acupuncture massage vs Swedish massage and 

individual exercise vs group exercise in low back pain sufferers—a randomized controlled 

clinical trial in a 2 x 2 factorial design. Forschende Komplementarmedizin und Klassische 

Naturheilkunde. 7(6):286-93, 2000 Dec. 

104. Freire AO, Sugai GC, Chrispin FS, et al. Treatment of moderate obstructive sleep apnea 

syndrome with acupuncture: A randomised, placebo-controlled pilot trial. Sleep Med. 2006 

Oct 3. 

105. Furlan AD, van Tulder MW, Cherkin DC, et al. Acupuncture and dry needling for low back 

pain: an updated systematic review within the framework of the Cochrane Collaboration. 

Spine 2005;30:944–63. 

106. Giles LGF, Muller R. Chronic spinal pain syndromes: a clinical pilot trial comparing 

acupuncture, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, and spinal manipulation. J 

Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1999;22:376-381. 

107. Grant DJ, Bishop-Miller J, Winchester DM, et al. A randomized comparative trial of 

acupuncture versus transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for chronic back pain in 

the elderly. Pain. 1999;82:9-13. 

108. Guccione AA, Felson DT, Anderson JJ, et al. The effects of specific medical conditions on 

the functional limitations of elders in the Framingham Study. American Journal of Public 

Health. 1994;84(3):351–358 

109. Guerra de Hoyos JA, Martin Mdel C, Leon EB, et al. Randomised trial of long term effect 

of acupuncture for shoulder pain. Pain. 2004;112:289-98. 

110. Gupta S, Francis JD, Tillu AB, et al. The effect of pre-emptive acupuncture treatment on 

analgesic requirements after day-case knee arthroscopy. Anaesthesia. 1999;54:1204- 

1207. 

111. Gosman-Hedstrom G, Claesson L, Klingenstierna U, et al. Effects of acupuncture 

treatment on daily life activities and quality of life: a controlled, prospective, and 

randomized study of acute stroke patients. Stroke. 1998;29:2100-2108. 

112. Gan TJ. Jiao KR. Zenn M. Georgiade G. A randomized controlled comparison of electroacupoint 

stimulation or ondansetron versus placebo for the prevention of postoperative 

nausea and vomiting. Anesthesia & Analgesia. 99(4):1070-5, table of contents, 2004 Oct. 

113. Gaw AC, Chang LW, Shaw L-C. Efficacy of acupuncture on osteoarthritic pain. N Engl J 

Med 1975;293:375–8. 

114. Giles LG, Muller R. Chronic spinal pain: a randomized clinical trial comparing medication, 

acupuncture, and spinal manipulation. Spine. 2003;28:1490-1502. 

115. Gottschling S, Meyer S, Gribova I, et al. Laser acupuncture in children with headache: A 

double-blind, randomized, bicenter, placebo-controlled trial. Pain. 2007 ov 15. 

116. Green S, Buchbinder R, Barnsley L, Hall S, White M, Smidt N, Assendelft W Acupuncture 

for lateral elbow pain (Cochrane Review). Cochrane Database Syst Rev 

2002;(1):CD003527. 

117. Haake M, Müller HH, Schade-Brittinger C, Basler HD, Schäfer H, Maier C, Endres HG, 

Trampisch HJ, Molsberger A. German Acupuncture Trials (GERAC) for chronic low back 

pain: randomized, multicenter, blinded, parallel-group trial with 3 groups. Arch Intern Med. 

2007 Sep 24;167(17):1892-8.

Page 9 of 22 








118. Habek D, Cerkez Habek J, Jagust M. Acupuncture conversion of fetal breech 

presentation. Fetal Diagn Ther. 2003;18:418-21.3 

119. Habib AS, Itchon-Ramos N, Phillips-Bute BG, et al. Transcutaneous acupoint electrical 

stimulation with the ReliefBand® for the prevention of nausea and vomiting during and 

after cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia. Anesth Analg. 2006;102:581-584. 

120. Han JS, Terenius L. Neurochemical basis of acupuncture analgesia. Annu Rev Pharmacol 

Toxicol. 1982;22:193-220. 

121. Hansen PE, Hansen JH. Acupuncture treatment of chronic tension headache—a 

controlled cross-over trial. Cephalalgia. 1985;5:137-142. 

122. Harmon D, Gardiner J, Harrison R, et al. Acupressure and the prevention of nausea and 

vomiting after laparoscopy. Br J Anaesth. 1999;82:387-390. 

123. Harmon D, Ryan M, Kelly A, et al. Acupressure and prevention of nausea and vomiting 

during and after spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section. Br J Anaesth. 2000;84:463-467. 

124. Hahn M, Steins A, Mohrle M, et al. Is there a vasospasmolytic effect of acupuncture in 

patients with secondary Raynaud phenomenon? J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2005;2:758-762. 

125. Han JS. Acupuncture: neuropeptide release produced by electrical stimulation of different 

frequencies. Trends Neurosci 2003;26(1):17-22. 

126. Han JS, Terenius L. Neurochemical basis of acupuncture analgesia. Ann Rev Pharmacol 

Toxicol 1982;22:193-220. 

127. Han JS, Ding XZ, Fan SG. Cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8): antagonism to 

electroacupuncture analgesia and a possible role in electroacupuncture tolerance. Pain 

1986; 27(1):101-15. 

128. Haker E, Lundeberg T. Laser treatment applied to acupuncture points in lateral humeral 

epicondylalgia. A double-blind study. Pain. 1990;43:243. 

129. Haker E, Lundeberg T. Acupuncture treatment in epicondylalgia: a comparative study of 

two acupuncture techniques. Clin J Pain. 1990;6:221-226. 

130. Hansen PE, Hansen JH. Acupuncture treatment of chronic tension headache — a 

controlled cross-over trial. Cephalalgia 1985 5(3):137–142. 

131. Hantoushzadeh S, Alhusseini N, Lebaschi AH. The effects of acupuncture during labour 

on nulliparous women: A randomised controlled trial. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 

2007;47:26-30. 

132. Harper TC, Coeytaux RR, Chen W, et al. A randomized controlled trial of acupuncture for 

initiation of labor in nulliparous women. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2006;19:465-470. 

133. Harris RE, Tian X, Williams DA, et al. Treatment of fibromyalgia with formula acupuncture: 

investigation of needle placement, needle stimulation, and treatment frequency. J Altern 

Complement Med. 2005;11:663-667. 

134. Haslam R. A comparison of acupuncture with advice and exercises on the symptomatic 

treatment of osteoarthritis of the hip—a randomised controlled trial. Acupunct Med. 

2001;19:19-26. 

135. Heazell A, Thorneycroft J, Walton V, et al. Acupressure for the in-patient treatment of 

nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy: a randomized control trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 

2006;194:815-20. 

136. He D, Veiersted KB, Hostmark AT, Medbo JI. Effect of acupuncture treatment on chronic 

neck and shoulder pain in sedentary female workers: a 6-month and 3-year follow-up 

study. Pain. 2004 Jun;109(3):299-307.

Page 10 of 22 








137. Helmreich RJ, Shiao SY, Dune LS. Meta-analysis of acustimulation effects on nausea and 

vomiting in pregnant women. Explore (NY). 2006;2:412-421. 

138. Helms JM. Acupuncture for the management of primary dysmenorrhea. Obstet Gynecol. 

1987;69:51-56. 

139. Ho CM, Hseu SS, Tsai SK, et al. Effect of P-6 acupressure on prevention of nausea and 

vomiting after epidural morphine for post-cesarean section pain relief. Acta Anaesthesiol 

Scand. 1996;40:372-375. 

140. Hoheisel U, Sander B, Mense S. Myositis-induced functional reorganization of the rat 

dorsal horn: effects of spinal superfusion with antagonists to neurokinin and glutamate 

receptors. Pain 1997;69(3):219-30. 

141. Hollifield M, Sinclair-Lian N, Warner TD, et al. Acupuncture for post-traumatic stress 

disorder: a randomized controlled pilot trial. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2007;195:504-513. 

142. Holzer P. Local effector functions of capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerve endings: 

involvement of tachykinins, calcitonin gene-related peptide and other neuropeptides. 

Neuroscience 1988;24(3):739-68. 

143. Ho CM, Tsai HJ, Chan KH, et al. P6 acupressure does not prevent emesis during spinal 

anesthesia for cesarean delivery. Anesth Analg. 2006;102:900-903. 

144. Hsieh LL, Kuo CH, Yen MF, et al. A randomized controlled clinical trial for low back pain 

treated by acupressure and physical therapy. Prev Med. 2004;39:168-176. 

145. Hsieh LL, Kuo CH, Lee LH, et al. Treatment of low back pain by acupressure and physical 

therapy: randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2006 Feb 17. 

146. Hsu CH, Hwang KC, Chao CL, et al. Electroacupuncture in obese women: a randomized, 

controlled pilot study. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2005;14:434-440. 

147. Hsu E, Pei V, Shofer FS, et al. A prospective randomized controlled trial of acupressure 

vs. sham for pregnancy-related nausea and vomiting in the emergency department. Acad 

Emerg Med. 2003;10:437. 

148. Huang MI, Nir Y, Chen B, et al. A randomized controlled pilot study of acupuncture for 

postmenopausal hot flashes: effect on nocturnal hot flashes and sleep quality. Fertil Steril. 

2006;86:700-710. 

149. Hubbard DR, Berkoff GM. Myofascial trigger points show spontaneous needle EMG 

activity. Spine 1993;18(13):1803-7. 

150. Hu S, Stritzel R, Chandler A, et al. P6 acupressure reduces symptoms of vection-induced 

motion sickness. Aviat Space Environ Med. 1995;66:631-634. 

151. Hu HH, Chung C, Liu TJ, et al. A randomized controlled trial on the treatment for acute 

partial ischemic stroke with acupuncture. Neuroepidemiology. 1993;12:106-113. 

152. Hyde E. Acupressure therapy for morning sickness. A controlled clinical trial. J Nurse 

Midwifery. 1989;34:171-178. 

153. Itoh K, Okada K, Kawakita K. A proposed experimental model of myofascial trigger points 

in human muscle after slow eccentric exercise. Acupunct Med 2004;22(1):2-12. 

154. Itoh K, Kawakita K. Effect of indomethacin on the development of eccentric exerciseinduced 

localized sensitive region in the fascia of the rabbit. Jpn J Physiol 2002;52(2):173- 

80. 

155. Irnich D, Behrens N, Molzen H, et al. Randomised trial of acupuncture compared with 

conventional massage and “sham” laser acupuncture for treatment of chronic neck pain. 

BMJ. 2001;322:1-6. P 35

Page 11 of 22 








156. Inoue M, Kitakoji H, Ishizaki N, et al. Relief of low back pain immediately after 

acupuncture treatment - a randomised, placebo controlled trial. Acupunct Med. 

2006;24:103-108. 

157. Irnich D, Behrens N, Molzen H, Konig A, Gleditsch J, Krauss M, Natalis M, Senn E, Beyer 

A, Schops P. Randomised trial of acupuncture compared with conventional massage and 

“sham” laser acupuncture for treatment of chronic neck pain. BMJ. 2001 Jun 

30;322(7302):1574-8. 

158. rnich D, Behrens N, Gleditsch JM, Stor W, Schreiber MA, Schops P, Vickers AJ, Beyer A. 

Immediate effects of dry needling and acupuncture at distant points in chronic neck pain: 

results of a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled crossover trial. Pain. 2002 

Sep;99(1-2):83-9. 

159. Itoh K. Hirota S. Katsumi Y. Ochi H. Kitakoji H. Trigger point acupuncture for treatment of 

knee osteoarthritis--a preliminary RCT for a pragmatic trial. Acupuncture in Medicine. 

26(1):17-26, 2008 Mar. 

160. Jena S, Witt C, Brinkhaus B, Wegscheider K, Willich S. Acupuncture in patients with 

headache. Cephalalgia. 2008 Jul 2. 

161. Jerner B, Skogh M, Vahlquist A. A controlled trial of acupuncture in psoriasis: no 

convincing effect. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh). 1997;77:154-156. 

162. Jensen LB, Melsen B, Jensen SB. Effect of acupuncture on headache measured by 

reduction in number of attacks and use of drugs. Scand J Dent Res. 1979;87:373-380. 

163. Johansson BB, Haker E, von Arbin M, et al. Acupuncture and transcutaneous nerve 

stimulation in stroke rehabilitation: a randomized, controlled trial. Stroke. 2001;32:707-713. 

164. Joos S, Wildau N, Kohnen R, et al. Acupuncture and moxibustion in the treatment of 

ulcerative colitis: a randomized controlled study. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2006;41:1056- 

1063. 

165. Joos S, Brinkhaus B, Maluche C, et al. Acupuncture and moxibustion in the treatment of 

active Crohn's disease: a randomized controlled study. Digestion. 2004 Apr 26 [Epub 

ahead of print] 

166. Kagitani F, Uchida S, Hotta H, Aikawa Y. Manual acupuncture needle stimulation of the rat 

hindlimb activates groups I, II, III and IV single afferent nerve fibres in the dorsal spinal 

roots. Jpn J Physiol 2005;55(3):149-55. Kao MJ. Hsieh YL. Kuo FJ. Hong CZ. 

Electrophysiological assessment of acupuncture points. American Journal of Physical 

Medicine & Rehabilitation. 85(5):443-8, 2006 May. 

167. Kaptchuk TJ. Acupuncture: theory, efficacy, and practice. Annals of Internal Medicine. 

2002;136(5): 374–383. 

168. Karst M, Rollnik JD, Fink M, et al. Pressure pain threshold and needle acupuncture in 

chronic tension-type headache—a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Pain. 

2000;88:199-203. 

169. Karst M, Winterhalter M, Munte S, et al. Auricular acupuncture for dental anxiety: a 

randomized controlled trial. Anesth Analg. 2007;104:295-300. 

170. Kawakita K, Gotoh K. Role of polymodal receptors in the acupuncture-mediated 

endogenous pain inhibitory systems. In: Kumazawa T, Kruger L, Mizumura K, editors. The 

Polymodal Receptor: A Gateway to Pathological Pain. 1st ed Amsterdam: Elsevier; 1996. 

p. 507-23. 

171. Kawakita K, Funakoshi M. Suppression of the jaw-opening reflex by conditioning A??fibre 

stimulation and electroacupuncture in the rat. Exp Neurol 1982;78(2):461-5.

Page 12 of 22 








172. Kawakita K, Okada K, Kawamura H. Analysis of a questionnaire on the characteristics of 

palpable hardenings: a survey of experienced Japanese acupuncturists. JAM (Online 

Journal of JSAM) 2005;1:1-8. 

173. awakita K, Okada K. Mechanisms of action of acupuncture for chronic pain relief-polymodal 

receptors are the key candidates. (Mechanisms) Acupuncture in Medicine: 

10/1/2006. 

174. Kellgren JH. Observations on referred pain arising from muscle. Clin Sci 1938;3:175-90. 

175. Kenins P. Idetification of the unmyelinated sensory nerves which evoke plasma 

extravasation in response to antidromic stimulation. Neurosci Lett 1981;25(2):137-41. 

176. Kerr DP, Walsh DM, Baxter D. Acupuncture in the management of chronic low back pain: 

a blinded randomized controlled trial. Clin J Pain. 2003;19:364-370. 

177. Kerr DP, Walsh DM, Baxter D. Acupuncture in the management of chronic low back pain: 

a blinded randomized controlled trial. Clin J Pain. 2003;19:364-370. 

178. Kim KS, Koo MS, Jeon JW, et al. Capsicum plaster at the Korean hand acupuncture point 

reduces postoperative nausea and vomiting after abdominal hysterectomy. Anesth Analg. 

2002;95:1103-1107. 

179. Kjendahl A, Sallstrom S, Osten PE, et al. A one year follow-up study on the effects of 

acupuncture in the treatment of stroke patients in the subacute stage: a randomized, 

controlled study. Clin Rehabil. 1997;11:192-200. 

180. Kleijnen J, ter Riet G, Knipschild P. Acupuncture and asthma: a review of controlled trials. 

Thorax. 1991;46:799-802. 

181. Kleinhenz J, Streitberger K, Windeler J, et al. Randomized clinical trial comparing the 

effects of acupuncture and a newly designed placebo needle in rotator cuff tendonitis. 

Pain. 1999;83:235-241. 

182. Konig A, Radke S, Molzen H, Haase M, Muller C, Drexler D, Natalis M, Krauss M, Behrens 

N, Irnich D. Randomised trial of acupuncture compared with conventional massage and 

“sham” laser acupuncture for treatment of chronic neck pain - range of motion analysis. Z 

Orthop Ihre Grenzgeb. 2003 Jul-Aug;141(4):395-400 

183. Kotani N, Hashimoto H, Sato Y, et al. Preoperative intradermal acupuncture reduces 

postoperative pain, nausea and vomiting, analgesic requirement, and sympathoadrenal 

responses. Anesthesiology. 2001;95:349-356. 

184. Kraft K, Coulon S. Effect of a standardized acupuncture treatment on complaints, blood 

pressure and serum lipids of hypertensive, postmenopausal women: A randomized, 

controlled clinical study. Forsch Komplementarmed. 1999;6:74-79. 

185. Kukuk P, Lungenhausen M, Molsberger A, Endres HG. Long-term improvement in pain 

coping for cLBP and gonarthrosis patients following body needle acupuncture: a 

prospective cohort study. Eur J Med Res. 2005 Jun 22;10(6):263-72. 

186. Kumazawa T, Mizumura K. Thin-fibre receptors responding to mechanical, chemical, and 

thermal stimulation in the skeletal muscle of the dog. J Physiol 1977;273(1): 179-94. 

187. Kunz S, Schulz M, Lewitzky M, et al. Ear acupuncture for alcohol withdrawal in 

comparison with aromatherapy: a randomized-controlled trial. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 

2007;31:436-442. 

188. Kwon YD, Pittler MH, Ernst E. Acupuncture for peripheral joint osteoarthritis: A systematic 

review and meta-analysis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2006 Aug 27. 

189. Laitinen J. Acupuncture and transcutaneous electric stimulation in the treatment of chronic 

sacrolumbalgia and ischialgia. Am J Chin Med. 1976;4:169-175.

Page 13 of 22 








190. Lao L, Bergman S, Hamilton GR, et al. Evaluation of acupuncture for pain control after oral 

surgery. A placebo-controlled trial. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1999;125:567-572. 

191. Le Bars D, Dickenson AH, Besson JM. Diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC).I. Effects 

on dorsal horn convergent neurones in the rat. Pain 1979;6(3):283-304. 

192. Lee A, Done ML. Stimulation of the wrist acupuncture point P6 for preventing 

postoperative nausea and vomiting. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004;CD003281. 

193. Lee H, Ernst E. Acupuncture analgesia during surgery: a systematic review. Pain. 

2005;114:511-517. 

194. Lee MS, Shin BC, Ernst E. Acupuncture for rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review. 

Rheumatology (Oxford). 2008 Aug 18. 

195. Lee, TL. Acupuncture and chronic pain management. Annals of the Academy of Medicine, 

Singapore. 29(1):17-21, 2000 Jan. 

196. Leibing E, Leonhardt U, Koster G, et al. Acupuncture treatment of chronic low-back pain— 

a randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled trial with 9-month follow-up. Pain. 2002;96:189- 

196. 

197. Lenhard L, Waite PME. Acupuncture in the prophylactic treatment of migraine headaches: 

pilot study. NZ Med J. 1983;96:663-666. 

198. Levine JD, Gordon NC, Fields HL. Mechanism of placebo analgesia. Lancet. 1978;2:654- 

657. 

199. Lewith GT, Field J, Machin D. Acupuncture compared with placebo in post-herpetic pain. 

Pain. 1983;17:361-368. 

200. Lewis IH, Pryn SJ, Reynolds PI, et al. Effect of P6 acupressure on postoperative vomiting 

in children undergoing outpatient strabismus correction. Br J Anaesth. 1991;67:73-78. 

201. Liao, SJ. Acupuncture treatment for psoriasis: a retrospective case report. Acupunct 

Electrother Res. 1992;17:195-208. 

202. Li Y, Liang FR, Yu SG, et al. Efficacy of acupuncture and moxibustion in treating Bell's 

palsy: a multicenter randomized controlled trial in China. Chin Med J (Engl). 

2004;117:1502-1506. 

203. Linde K, Streng A, Jurgens S, Hoppe A, Brinkhaus B, Witt C, Wagenpfeil S, Pfaffenrath V, 

Hammes MG, Weidenhammer W, Willich SN, Melchart D. Acupuncture for patients with 

migraine: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2005 May 4;293(17):2118-25. 

204. List T, Helkimo M, Andersson S, et al. Acupuncture and occlusal splint therapy in the 

treatment of craniomandibular disorders. Part 1. A comparative study. Swed Dent J. 

1992;16:125-141. 

205. Loh L, Nathan PW, Schott GD, Zilkha KJ. Acupuncture versus medical treatment for 

migraine and muscle tension headaches. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1984;47:333- 

337. 

206. Loy T. Treatment of cervical spondylosis: electroacupuncture versus physiotherapy. Med J 

Aust 1983;2:32–4. 

207. Macklin EA, Wayne PM, Kalish LA, et al. Stop Hypertension With the Acupuncture 

Research Program (SHARP). Results of a randomized, controlled clinical trial. 

Hypertension. 2006 Oct 2. 35 

208. MacPherson H, Thomas K, Walters S, et al. The York acupuncture safety study: 

prospective survey of 34 000 treatments by traditional acupuncturists. BMJ. 2001;323:486- 

487.

Page 14 of 22 








209. Magnusson AL, Svensson RE, Leirvik C, et al. The effect of acupuncture on allergic 

rhinitis: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Am J Chin Med. 2004;32:105-115. 

210. Malmstrom M, Ahlner J, Carlsson C, et al. No effect of Chinese acupuncture on isocapnic 

hyperventilation with cold air in asthmatics, measured with impulse oscillometry. Acupunct 

Med. 2002;20:66-73. 

211. Manheimer E, Linde K, Lao L, et al. Meta-analysis: acupuncture for osteoarthritis of the 

knee. Ann Intern Med. 2007;146:868-877. 

212. Manheimer E, Lim B, Lao L, et al. Acupuncture for knee osteoarthritis: a randomised trial 

using a novel sham. Acupunct Med. 2006;24 Suppl:S7-14. 

213. Margolin A, Kleber HD, Avants SK, et al. Acupuncture for the treatment of cocaine 

addiction: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2002;287:55-57. 

214. Martin DP, Sletten CD, Williams BA, Berger IH. Improvement in fibromyalgia symptoms 

with acupuncture: results of a randomized controlled trial. Mayo Clin Proc 2006;81(6):749- 

57. 

215. Mayhew E, Ernst E. Acupuncture for fibromyalgia--a systematic review of randomized 

clinical trials. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2006 Dec 19. 

216. Mazzoni R, Mannucci E, Rizzello SM, et al. Failure of acupuncture in the treatment of 

obesity: a pilot study. Eating Weight Disord. 1999;4:198-202. 

217. McIndoe AK, Young K, Bone ME. A comparison of acupuncture with intra-articular steroid 

injection as analgesia for osteoarthritis of the hip. Acupunct Med. 1995;13:67-70. 

218. Melchart D. Streng A. Hoppe A. Brinkhaus B. Witt C. Wagenpfeil S. Pfaffenrath V. 

Hammes M. Hummelsberger J. Irnich D. Weidenhammer W. Willich SN. Linde K. 

Acupuncture in patients with tension-type headache: randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 

331(7513):376-82, 2005 Aug 13. 

219. Melchart D, Thormaehlen J, Hager S, et al. Acupuncture versus placebo versus 

sumatriptan for early treatment of migraine attacks: a randomized controlled trial. J Intern 

Med. 2003;253:181-188. 

220. elchart D, Streng A, Hoppe A, et al. Acupuncture in patients with tension-type headache: 

randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2005 Aug 13;331(7513):376-82. 

221. elchart D. Weidenhammer W. Streng A. Hoppe A. Pfaffenrath V. Linde K. Acupuncture for 

chronic headaches--an epidemiological study. Headache. 46(4):632-41, 2006 Apr. 

222. elchart D, Linde K, Berman B, White A, Vickers A, Allais G, Brinkhaus B. Acupuncture for 

idiopathic headache. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2001, Issue 1. 

223. Melzack R, Stillwell DM, Fox EJ. Trigger points and acupuncture points for pain: 

correlations and implications. Pain 1977;3(1):3-23. 

224. Mendelson G, Selwood TS, Kranz H, et al. Acupuncture treatment of chronic back pain. A 

double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Med. 1983;74:49-55. 

225. Meng CF, Wang D, Ngeow J, et al. Acupuncture for chronic low back pain in older 

patients: a randomized, controlled trial. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2003 July 30. 

226. Michalek-Sauberer A, Heinzl H, Sator-Katzenschlager SM, et al. Perioperative auricular 

electroacupuncture has no effect on pain and analgesic consumption after third molar 

tooth extraction. Anesth Analg. 2007;104:542-547. 

227. Miller KE, Muth ER. Efficacy of acupressure and acustimulation bands for the prevention 

of motion sickness. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2004;75:227-234. 

228. Mok MS, Parker LN, Voina S, et al. Treatment of obesity by acupuncture. Am J Clin Nutr. 

1976;29:832-835.

Page 15 of 22 








229. Molassiotis A, Helin AM, Dabbour R, et al. The effects of P6 acupressure in the 

prophylaxis of chemotherapy-related nausea and vomiting in breast cancer patients. 

Complement Ther Med. 2007;15:3-12. 

230. Molsberger A, Hille E. The analgesic effect of acupuncture in chronic tennis elbow pain. Br 

J Rheumatol. 1994;33:1162-1165. 

231. Montakab H. Acupuncture and insomnia [in German]. Forsch Komplementarmed. 

1999;6(suppl 1):29-31. 

232. Morioka N, Akca O, Doufas AG, et al. Electro-acupuncture at the Zusanli, Yanglingquan, 

and Kunlun points does not reduce anesthetic requirement. Anesth Analg. 2002;95:98- 

102. 

233. Naeser MA, Alexander MP, Stiassny-Eder D, et al. Real versus sham acupuncture in the 

treatment of paralysis in acute stroke patients: a CT scan lesion site study. J Neuro 

Rehab. 1992;6:163-173. 

234. Namaka M, Gramlich CR, Ruhlen D, Melanson M, Sutton I, Major J. Atreatment algorithm 

for neuropathic pain. Clin Ther 2004;26(7):951-79. 

235. Neri I, Airola G, Contu G, et al. Acupuncture plus moxibustion to resolve breech 

presentation: a randomized controlled study. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2004;15:247- 

252. 

236. Nesheim BI, Kinge R, Berg B, et al. Acupuncture during labor can reduce the use of 

meperidine: a controlled clinical study. Clin J Pain. 2003;19:187-91. 

237. Ng MM, Leung MC, Poon DM. The effects of electro-acupuncture and transcutaneous 

electrical nerve stimulation on patients with painful osteoarthritic knees: a randomized 

controlled trial with follow-up evaluation. Journal of the Alternative and Complementary 

Medicine. 2003;9(5):641–649. 

238. Nir Y, Huang MI, Schnyer R, et al. Acupuncture for postmenopausal hot flashes. Maturitas. 

2006 Dec 18. 

239. Norheim AJ, Pedersen EJ, Fonnebo V, et al. Acupressure treatment of morning sickness 

in pregnancy. A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Scand J Prim Health 

Care. 2001;19:43-47. 

240. Ng LKY, Douthitt TC, Thoa NB, et al. Modification of morphine-withdrawal syndrome in 

rats following transauricular electrostimulation: an experimental paradigm for auricular 

electroacupuncture. Biol Psychiatry. 1975;10:575-580. 

241. Park J, White AR, James MA, et al. Acupuncture for subacute stroke rehabilitation: a 

sham-controlled, subject- and assessor-blind, randomized trial. Arch Intern Med. 

2005;165:2026-2031. 

242. Passie T, Friedrich S. Acupuncture in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal symptoms: a 

randomized, placebo-controlled inpatient study. Addict Biol. 2002;7:415-419. 

243. Petrie JP, Hazleman BL. A controlled study of acupuncture in neck pain. Br J Rheumatol 

1986;25:271–5. 

244. Petrie JP, Langley GB. Acupuncture in the treatment of chronic cervical pain: a pilot study. 

Clin Exp Rheumatol 1983;1:333–5. 

245. Pomeranz B, Berman B. Scientific basis of acupuncture. In: Stux G, Berman B, Pomeranz 

B, eds. Basics of Acupuncture. 5th ed. Berlin, Germany: Springer; 2003:7–86. 

246. Pomeranz B, Chiu D. Naloxone blockade of acupuncture analgesia: endorphin implicated. 

Life Sci 1976;19 (11):1757-62.

Page 16 of 22 








247. Pomeranz B. Scientific research into acupuncture for the relief of pain. Journal of 

Alternative & Complementary Medicine. 2(1):53-60; discussion 73-5, 1996. 

248. Rabl M, Ahner R, Bitschnau M, et al. Acupuncture for cervical ripening and induction of 

labor at term—a randomized controlled trial. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2001;113:942-946. 

249. Ramnero A, Hanson U, Kihlgren M, et al. Acupuncture treatment during labour—a 

randomised controlled trial. BJOG. 2002;109:637-644. 

250. Rapson LM, Wells N, Pepper J, Majid N, Boon H. Acupuncture as a promising treatment 

for below-level central neuropathic pain: a retrospective study. Journal of Spinal Cord 

Medicine. 26(1):21-6, 2003. 

251. Razavi M, Jansen GB. Effects of acupuncture and placebo TENS in addition to exercise in 

treatment of rotator cuff tendinitis. Clin Rehabil. 2004;18:872-878. 

252. Roscoe JA, Matteson SE, Morrow GR, et al. Acustimulation wrist bands are not effective 

for the control of chemotherapy-induced nausea in women with breast cancer. J Pain 

Symptom Manage. 2005;29:376-84. 

253. Roscoe JA, Morrow GR, Hickok JT, et al. The efficacy of acupressure and acustimulation 

wrist bands for the relief of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. A University of 

Rochester Cancer Center Community Clinical Oncology Program multicenter study. J Pain 

Symptom Manage. 2003;26:731-742. 

254. Rosen T, de Veciana M, Miller HS, et al. A randomized controlled trial of nerve stimulation 

for relief of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2003;102:129-135. 

255. Rosted P. The use of acupuncture in dentistry: a review of the scientific validity of 

published papers. Oral Dis. 1998;4:100-104. 

256. Rosted P. The use of acupuncture in dentistry: a review of the scientific validity of 

published papers. Oral Dis. 1998;4:100-104. 

257. Rygh LJ, Svendsen F, Fiska A, Haugan F, Hole K, Tjolsen A. Long-term potentiation in 

spinal nociceptive systems-how acute pain may become chronic. 

Psychoneuroendocrinology 2005;30(10): 959-64. 

258. Sakurai M, Suleman MI, Morioka N, et al. Minute sphere acupressure does not reduce 

postoperative pain or morphine consumption. Anesth Analg. 2003;96:493-497. 

259. Sallstrom S, Kjendahl A, Osten PE, et al. Acupuncture in the treatment of stroke patients 

in the subacute stage: a randomized, controlled study. Complement Ther Med. 

1996;4:193-197. 

260. Sandberg M, Wijma K, Wyon Y, et al. Effects of electro-acupuncture on psychological 

distress in postmenopausal women. Complement Ther Med. 2002;10:161-169. 

261. Sangdee C, Teekachunhatean S, Sananpanich K, et al. Electroacupuncture versus 

diclofenac in symptomatic treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized controlled 

trial. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2002;2:3. 

262. Sapir-Weise R, Berglund M, Frank A, et al. Acupuncture in alcoholism treatment: a 

randomized out-patient study. Alcohol Alcohol. 1999;34:629-635. 

263. Scharf HP, Mansmann U, Streitberger K, et al. Acupuncture and knee osteoarthritis: a 

three-armed randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2006;145:12-20. 

264. Schlager A, Boehler M, Puhringer F. Korean hand acupressure reduces postoperative 

vomiting in children after strabismus surgery. Br J Anaesth. 2000;85:267-270. 

265. Schlager A, Offer T, Baldissera I. Laser stimulation of acupuncture point P6 reduces 

postoperative vomiting in children undergoing strabismus surgery. Br J Anaesth. 

1998;81:529-532.

Page 17 of 22 








266. Schneider A, Enck P, Streitberger K, et al. Acupuncture treatment in irritable bowel 

syndrome. Gut. 2005 Sep 8. 

267. Schwager KL, Baines DB, Meyer RJ. Acupuncture and postoperative vomiting in day-stay 

paediatric patients. Anaesth Intensive Care. 1996;24:674-677. 

268. Sekido R, Ishimaru K, Sakita M. Differences of electroacupuncture-induced analgesic 

effect in normal and inflammatory conditions in rats. Am J Chin Med 2003;31(6):955-65. 

269. Selfe TK. Taylor AG. Acupuncture and osteoarthritis of the knee: a review of randomized, 

controlled trials. Family & Community Health. 31(3):247-54, 2008 Jul-Sep. 

270. Selmer-Olsen T, Lydersen S, Morkved S. Does acupuncture used in nulliparous women 

reduce time from prelabour rupture of membranes at term to active phase of labour? A 

randomised controlled trial. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2007 Oct 25. [Epub ahead of 

print] 

271. Seppo Y, Junnila T. Acupuncture superior to Piroxicam in the treatment of osteoarthrosis. 

Am J Acupunct. 1982;10. 

272. Shah JP, Phillips TM, Danoff JV, Gerber LH. An in vivo microanalytical technique for 

measuring the local biochemical milieu of human skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol 

2005;99(5):1977-84. 

273. Shafshak TS. Electroacupuncture and exercise in body weight reduction and their 

application in rehabilitating patients with knee osteoarthritis. Am J Chin Med. 1995;23:15- 

25. 

274. Shah N, Hing C, Tucker K, et al. Infected compartment syndrome after acupuncture. 

Acupunct Med. 2002;20:105-106. 

275. Shang YJ, Ma CC, Cai YY, Wang DS, Kong LL. Clinical study on acupuncture combined 

with rehabilitation therapy for treatment of poststroke shoulder-hand syndrome. Zhongguo 

Zhen Jiu. 2008 May;28(5)331-333. 

276. Shen J, Wenger N, Glaspy J, et al. Electroacupuncture for control of myeloablative 

chemotherapy-induced emesis: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2000;284:2755-2761. 

277. Shlay JC, Chaloner K, Max MB, et al. Acupuncture and amitriptyline for pain due to HIVrelated 

peripheral neuropathy: a randomized controlled trial. Terry Beirn Community 

Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS. JAMA. 1998;280:1590-1595. 

278. Shin HS, Song YA. The effect of p6 acupressure for symptom control in pregnant women 

having hyperemesis gravidarum. Taehan Kanho Hakhoe Chi. 2005;35:593-601. 

279. Shulman LM, Wen X, Weiner WJ, et al. Acupuncture therapy for the symptoms of 

Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord. 2002;17:799-802. 

280. Sierpina VS, Frenkel MA. Acupuncture: a clinical review. Southern Medical Journal. 

2005;98(3):330–337. 

281. Sim CK, Xu PC, Pua HL, et al. Effects of electroacupuncture on intraoperative and 

postoperative analgesic requirement. Acupunct Med. 2002;20:56-65. 

282. Simons DG, Travell JG. Myofascial trigger points, a possible explanation. Pain 

1981;10(1):106-9. 

283. Simons DG, Travell JG. Myofascial Pain and Dysfunction The Trigger Point Manual. 2nd 

ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins; 1999. p. 11-93. 

284. Singh BB, Wu WS, Hwang SH, Khorsan R, Der-Martirosian C, Vinjamury SP et al. 

Effectiveness of acupuncture in the treatment of fibromyalgia. Altern Ther Health Med 

2006; 12(2):34-41.

Page 18 of 22 








285. Sjolund B, Terenius L, Eriksson M. Increased cerebrospinal fluid levels of endorphins after 

electro-acupuncture. Acta Physiol Scand. 1977;100:382-384. 

286. Skilnand E, Fossen D, Heiberg E. et al. Acupuncture in the management of pain in labor. 

Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2002;81:943-948. 

287. Smith C, Coyle M, Norman RJ. Influence of acupuncture stimulation on pregnancy rates 

for women undergoing embryo transfer. Fertil Steril. 2006 Apr 4. 

288. Smith C, Crowther C, Beilby J. Acupuncture to treat nausea and vomiting in early 

pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. Birth. 2002;29:1-9. 

289. Smith P, Mosscrop D, Davies S, et al. The efficacy of acupuncture in the treatment of 

temporomandibular joint myofascial pain: A randomised controlled trial. J Dent. 2006 Nov 

7. 

290. Stavem K, Kloster R, Rossberg E, et al. Acupuncture in intractable epilepsy: lack of effect 

on health-related quality of life. Seizure. 2000;9:422-426. 

291. Soeken KL. Selected CAM therapies for arthritis-related pain: the evidence from 

systematic reviews. Clinical Journal of Pain. 20(1):13-8, 2004 Jan-Feb. 

292. Stein DJ, Birnbach DJ, Danzer BI, et al. Acupressure versus intravenous metoclopramide 

to prevent nausea and vomiting during spinal anesthesia for cesarean section. Anesth 

Analg. 1997;84:342-345. 

293. Streitberger K, Friedrich-Rust M, Bardenheuer H, et al. Effect of acupuncture compared 

with placebo-acupuncture at P6 as additional antiemetic prophylaxis in high-dose 

chemotherapy and autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation: a randomized 

controlled single-blind trial. Clin Cancer Res. 2003;9:2538-2544. 

294. Stux G, Pomeranz B. Basics of Acupuncture. 2nd ed. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag; 

1991:4-45. 

295. Suen LK, Wong TK, Leung AW, et al. The long-term effects of auricular therapy using 

magnetic pearls on elderly with insomnia. Complement Ther Med. 2003;11:85-92. 

296. Sze FK, Wong E, Yi X, et al. Does acupuncture have additional value to standard 

poststroke motor rehabilitation? Stroke. 2002;33:186-194. 

297. Takeda W, Wessel J. Acupuncture for the treatment of pain of osteoarthritic knees. 

Arthritis and Care Research. 1994;7(3):118–122. 

298. Taguchi A, Sharma N, Ali SZ, et al. The effect of auricular acupuncture on anaesthesia 

with desflurane. Anaesthesia. 2002;57:1159-1163. 

299. Targino RA, Imamura M, Kaziyama HH, Souxa LP, Hsing WT, Furlan AD, Imamura ST, 

Azevedo Net RS. A randomized controlled trial of acupuncture added to ususal treatment 

for fibromyalgia. J Rehabil Med. 2008 Jul;40(7):582-588. 

300. Tavola T, Gala C, Conte G, et al. Traditional Chinese acupuncture in tension-type 

headache: a controlled study. Pain. 1992;48:325-329. 

301. Taylor D, Miaskowski C, Kohn J. A randomized clinical trial of the effectiveness of an 

acupressure relief brief for managing symptoms of dysmenorrhea. J Alt Compl Med. 

2002;8: 357-370. 

302. Thomas M, Eriksson SV, Lundeberg T. A comparative study of diazepam and acupuncture 

in patients with osteoarthritis pain: a placebo-controlled study. Am J Chin Med. 

1991;19:95. 

303. Toda K. Peripheral nerve stimulation for producing the suppressive effect on the tooth 

pulp-evoked jaw opening reflex in rat: relation between stimulus intensity and degree of 

suppression. Exp Neurol 1982;76(2):309-17.

Page 19 of 22 








304. Treish I, Shord S, Valgus J, et al. Randomized double-blind study of the Relief band as an 

adjunct to standard antiemetics in patients receiving moderately-high to highly emetogenic 

chemotherapy. Support Care Cancer. 2003 June 27. 

305. Trinh K, Graham N, Gross A, Goldsmith C, Wang E, Cameron I, Kay T. Acupuncture for 

neck disorders. Spine. 32(2):236-43, 2007 Jan 15. 

306. Trinh KV, Phillips S, Ho E, et al. Acupuncture in alleviation of lateral epicondyle pain. 

Rheumatology 2004;43:1085–90. 

307. Trudel D, Duley J, Zastrow I, Kerr EW, Davidson R, MacDermid JC. Rehabilitation for 

patients with lateral epicondylitis: a systematic review. J Hand Ther. 2004 Apr- 

Jun;17(2):243-66. 

308. Trumpler F, Oez S, Stahli P, et al. Acupuncture for alcohol withdrawal: a randomized 

controlled trial. Alcohol. 2003;38:369-375. 

309. Tsay SL, Chen ML. Acupressure and quality of sleep in patients with end-stage renal 

disease—a randomized controlled trial. Int J Nurs Stud. 2003;40:1-7. 

310. Tsui P, Leung MC. Comparison of the effectiveness between manual acupuncture and 

electro-acupuncture on patients with tennis elbow. Acupunct Electrother Res. 

2002;27:107-117. 

311. Tukmachi E, Jubb R, Dempsey E, Jones P. The effect of acupuncture on the symptoms of 

knee osteoarthritis—an open randomised controlled study. Acupuncture in Medicine. 

2004;22(1):14–22. 

312. Tsay SL. Acupressure and fatigue in patients with end-stage renal disease—a randomized 

controlled trial. Int J Nurs Stud. 2004;41:99-106. 

313. Ulett, G A. Han, S. Han, J S. Electroacupuncture: mechanisms and clinical application. 

Biological Psychiatry. 44(2):129-38, 1998 Jul 15. 

314. Usichenko TI, Dinse M, Hermsen M, et al. Auricular acupuncture for pain relief after total 

hip arthroplasty - a randomized controlled study. Pain. 2005;114:320-327. 

315. Usichenko TI, Dinse M, Lysenyuk VP, et al. Auricular acupuncture reduces intraoperative 

fentanyl requirement during hip arthroplasty—a randomized double-blinded study. 

Acupunct Electrother Res. 2006;31:213-221. 

316. Usichenko TI, Kuchling S, Witstruck T, et al. Auricular acupuncture for pain relief after 

ambulatory knee surgery: a randomized trial. CMAJ. 2007;176:179-183. 

317. Vas J, Mendez C, Perea-Milla E, et al. Acupuncture as a complementary therapy to the 

pharmacological treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee: randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 

2004 Oct 19. 

318. Vas J, Perea-Milla E, Mendez C, et al. Efficacy and safety of acupuncture for chronic 

uncomplicated neck pain: a randomised controlled study. Pain. 2006 Aug 22. 

319. Vas J, Mendez C, Perea-Milla E. Acupuncture vs Streitberger needle in knee 

osteoarthritis: an RCT. Acupunct Med. 2006;24(suppl):S15-S24. 

320. Vas J, Mendez C, Perea-Milla E, et al. Acupuncture as a complementary therapy to the 

pharmacological treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee: randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 

2004;329(7476):1216. 

321. Vickers AJ, Feinstein MB, Deng GE, et al. Acupuncture for dyspnea in advanced cancer: a 

randomized, placebo-controlled pilot trial. BMC Palliat Care. 2005 Aug 18. 

322. Vickers AJ. Statistical re-analysis of four recent randomized trials of acupuncture for pain 

using analysis of covariance. Clin J Pain 2004;20:319–23.

Page 20 of 22 








323. Vincent CA. A controlled trial of the treatment of migraine by acupuncture. Clin J Pain. 

1989;5:305-312. 

324. Wall PD, Sweet WH. Temporary abolition of pain in man. Science 1967;155(758):108-9. 

325. Walling A. Therapeutic modulation of the psychoneuroimmune system by medical 

acupuncture creates enhanced feelings of well-being. J Am Acad Nurse Pract. 2006 

Apr;18(4):135-43. 

326. Wang SM, Kain ZN. Auricular acupuncture: a potential treatment for anxiety. Anesth 

Analg. 2001;92:548-553. 

327. Wang G, Mao B, Xiong ZY, et al. The quality of reporting of randomized controlled trials of 

traditional Chinese medicine: a survey of 13 randomly selected journals from mainland 

China. Clin Ther. 2007;29:1456-1467. 

328. Washburn AM, Fullilove RE, Fullilove MT, et al. Acupuncture heroin detoxification: a 

single-blind clinical trial. J Subst Abuse Treat. 1993;10:345-351. 

329. Watkins LR; Mayer DJ. Organization of endogenous opiate and nonopiate pain control 

systems. Science 1982; 216(4551):1185-92. Travell JG, Simons DG. Myofascial Pain and 

Dysfunction The Trigger Point Manual.1st ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins; 1983. p. 5- 

44. 

330. Wayne PM, Krebs DE, Macklin EA, et al. Acupuncture for upper-extremity rehabilitation in 

chronic stroke: a randomized sham-controlled study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 

2005;86:2248-2255. 

331. Wedenberg K, Moen B, Norling A. A prospective randomized study comparing 

acupuncture with physiotherapy for low-back and pelvic pain in pregnancy. Acta Obstet 

Gynecol Scand. 2000;79:331-335. 35 

332. Weidenhammer W, Linde K, Streng A, Hoppe A, Melchart D. Acupuncture for chronic low 

back pain in routine care: a multicenter observational study. Clinical Journal of Pain. 

23(2):128-35, 2007 Feb. 

333. Weightman WM. Traditional Chinsese acupuncture as an antiemetic. Br Med J. 

1987;295:1379-1380. 

334. Weiner, Debra K. Rudy, Thomas E. Morone, Natalia. Glick, Ronald. Kwoh, C Kent. 

Efficacy of periosteal stimulation therapy for the treatment of osteoarthritis-associated 

chronic knee pain: an initial controlled clinical trial. Journal of the American Geriatrics 

Society. 55(10):1541-7, 2007 Oct. 

335. Weiner DK, Rudy TE, Glick RM, et al. Efficacy of percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation 

for the treatment of chronic low back pain in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2003;51:599- 

608. 

336. Westergaard LG, Mao Q, Krogslund M, et al. Positive effects of acupuncture in ART are 

not mediated by changes in ovarian and endometrial production of estradiol, progesterone, 

and placental protein 14. Fertil Steril. 2006 Apr 4. 

337. Werntoft E, Dykes AK. Effect of acupressure on nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. A 

randomized, placebo-controlled, pilot study. J Reprod Med. 2001;46:835-839. 

338. Westergaard LG, Mao Q, Krogslund M, et al. Acupuncture on the day of embryo transfer 

significantly improves the reproductive outcome in infertile women: a prospective, 

randomized trial. Fertil Steril. 2006 Apr 4. 

339. White PF, Craig WF, Vakharia AS, et al. Percutaneous neuromodulation therapy: does the 

location of electrical stimulation effect the acute analgesic response? Anesth Analg 

2000;91:949–54.

Page 21 of 22 








340. White AR, Ernst E. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials of acupuncture for 

neck pain. Rheumatology (Oxford). 1999;38:143-147. 

341. White A, Foster N, Cummings M, et al. The effectiveness of acupuncture for osteoarthritis 

of the knee: a systematic review. Acupunct Med. 2006;24(suppl):S40-S48. 

342. White P, Lewith G, Prescott P, Conway J. Acupuncture versus placebo for the treatment of 

chronic mechanical neck pain: a randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 2004 Dec 

21;141(12):911-9. 

343. White AR, Resch KL, Chan JC, et al. Acupuncture for episodic tension-type headache: a 

multicentre randomized controlled trial. Cephalalgia. 2000;20:632-637. 

344. White A, Resch KL, Ernst E. A meta-analysis of acupuncture techniques for smoking 

cessation. Tob Control. 1999;8:393-397. 

345. White A, Hayhoe S, Hart A, et al. Adverse events following acupuncture: prospective 

survey of 32,000 consultations with doctors and physiotherapists. BMJ. 2001;323:485-486. 

346. Witt C, Brinkhaus B, Jena S, Linde K, Streng A, Wagenpfeil S, et al. Acupuncture in 

patients with osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomised trial. Lancet 2005;366(9480):136-43. 

347. Witt CM, Jena S, Brinkhaus B, et al. Acupuncture for patients with chronic neck pain. Pain. 

2006 Jun 13. 

348. Wong AM, Leong CP, Su TY, et al. Clinical trial of acupuncture for patients with spinal 

cord injuries. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2003;82:21-27. 

349. Xue, CC, Dong L, Polus B, English RA, Zheng Z, Da Costa C, Li CG, Story DF. 

Electroacupuncture for tension-type headache on distal acupoints only: a randomized, 

controlled, crossover trial. Headache. 44(4):333-41, 2004 Apr. 

350. Yamashita H, Masuyama S, Otsuki K, et al. Safety of acupuncture for osteoarthritis of the 

knee: a review of randomised controlled trials, focusing on specific reactions to 

acupuncture. Acupunct Med. 2006;24(suppl):S49-S52. 

351. Yeung CK, Leung MC, Chow DH. The use of electro-acupuncture in conjunction with 

exercise for the treatment of chronic low-back pain. J Altern Complement Med. 

2003;9:479-490. 

352. Yiu YM, Ng SM, Tsui YL, et al. A clinical trial of acupuncture for treating chronic fatigue 

syndrome in Hong Kong.] Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Xue Bao. 2007;5:630-633. 

353. Yiming C, Changxin Z, Ung WS, et al. Laser acupuncture for adolescent smokers—a 

randomized double-blind controlled trial. Am J Chin Med. 2000;28:443-449. 

354. Yin C, Seo B, Park HJ, et al. Acupuncture, a promising adjunctive therapy for essential 

hypertension: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. Neurol Res. 2007;29(suppl):98- 

103. 

355. Yiu E, Xu J, Murry T, et al. A randomized treatment-placebo study of the effectiveness of 

acupuncture for benign vocal pathologies. J Voice. 2005 May 27. 

356. Yurtkuran M, Alp A, Konur S, et al. Laser acupuncture in knee osteoarthritis: a doubleblind, 

randomized controlled study. Photomed Laser Surg. 2007;25:14-20. 

357. Yurtkuran M, Kocagil T. TENS, electroacupuncture and ice massage: comparison of 

treatment for osteoarthritis of the knee. American Journal of Acupuncture. 

1999;27(3/4):133–140. 

358. Xue CC, Dong L, Polus B, et al. Electroacupuncture for tension-type headache on distal 

acupoints only: a randomized, controlled, crossover trial. Headache. 2004;44:333-341. 

359. Xue CC, Dong L, Polus B, et al. Electroacupuncture for tension-type headache on distal 

acupoints only: a randomized, controlled, crossover trial. Headache. 2004;44:333-341.

Page 22 of 22 








360. Zaborowska E, Brynhildsen J, Damberg S, et al. Effects of acupuncture, applied 

relaxation, estrogens, and placebo on hot flushes in postmenopausal women: an analysis 

of two prospective, parallel, randomized studies. Climacteric. 2007;10:38-45. 

361. Zhang S, Zhang JS, Yung KKL, Zhang HQ. Non-opioid-dependent anti-inflammatory 

effects of low frequency electroacupuncture. Brain Research Bulletin. 62(4):327-34, 2004 

Jan 15. 

362. Zhang W, Luo F, Qi Y, Wang Y, Chang J, Woodward D, Chen A, Han J. Modulation of 

pain signal processing by electric acupoint stimulation: an electroencephalogram study. 

Beijing da Xue Xue Bao. Yi Xue Ban/Journal of Peking University. Health Sciences. 

35(3):236-40, 2003 Jun 18.

Acupuncture - Scott & White Health Plan

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?