Eating Disorders and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: An ...

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partially mediate the relationship between body checking cognitions and body checking behaviours. The authors noted that these findings need to be replicated among a clinical sample if the nature of body checking cognitions is to be adequately addressed in clinical settings (Hasse et al., 2007). It would also be valuable to examine the relationships between body checking cognitions and clinical disorders where checking behaviours and behavioural rituals are evident, both of which are present in OCD. 14
Chapter 3 Eating Disorders and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) In recent decades, symptoms of AN, BN, and EDNOS have been associated with OCD (Godart et al., 2006b; Rubenstein, Altemus, Pigott, Hess, & Murphy, 1995; Swinburne & Touyz, 2007; Thiel et al., 1995; Wonderlich et al., 2006). OCD is an anxiety disorder that is characterised by recurrent and persistent fears that result in marked distress and anxiety (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Termed obsessions, these fears are experienced by the individual as intrusive and are ego- dystonic, that is, they are not consistent with the individual’s belief system and are not thoughts the individual would like to endure (DeVeaugh-Geiss, 1993). Common obsessions include aggressive thoughts, thoughts containing sexual content, fears of contamination, pathological or repeated doubts, somatic obsessions, and a desire for symmetry (American Psychiatric Association, 2000; DeVeaugh-Geiss, 1993). Individuals with these beliefs have a desire to suppress intrusive thoughts in order to neutralise the associated distress (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). As such, they frequently develop compulsions, which are processes of neutralisation that involve replacing the intrusive thought with an alternate thought, or engaging in a specific behaviour or action to prevent the feared consequence of the thought (Foa, Kozak, Salkovskis, Coles, & Amir, 1998). Compulsions are performed repeatedly in a ritualistic way, are not associated with pleasure, and reduce distress and anxiety associated with obsessive thoughts (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). To illustrate this concept, an individual who maintains an obsessive fear of contamination may wash their hands multiple times each day for extended periods of time. Other common compulsions include checking, counting, praying, ordering of objects, and other forms of washing and cleaning (Foa et al., 2002). In some cases, these behaviours are not directly related to the circumstances that they are designed to prevent (DeVeaugh-Geiss, 15
Page 1 and 2: Eating Disorders and Obsessive-Comp
Page 3 and 4: Acknowledgments I would like to sin
Page 5 and 6: Table of Contents Declaration of Au
Page 7 and 8: Media releases…………………
Page 9 and 10: Results………………………
Page 11 and 12: Appendix D DSM-IV-TR Diagnostic Cri
Page 13 and 14: Table 12 Mean and Standard Deviatio
Page 15 and 16: Figure 12 Effect size for the Mann-
Page 17 and 18: LEDBs: Lifetime Eating Disorder Beh
Page 19 and 20: psychopathology. Each participant c
Page 21 and 22: Chapter 1 Introduction and Aims of
Page 23 and 24: ehaviours and whether these beliefs
Page 25 and 26: Jones, Fox , Babigan, & Hutton, 198
Page 27 and 28: The course of EDNOS varies greatly
Page 29 and 30: disorder behaviours (LEDBs) among a
Page 31 and 32: Further support for these findings
Page 33: disorder patients and community con
Page 37 and 38: not related to food, body shape, or
Page 39 and 40: compared with the 2% to 3% reported
Page 41 and 42: (Channon & DeSilva, 1985). These fi
Page 43 and 44: Empirical evidence for this content
Page 45 and 46: checking may be related to neutrali
Page 47 and 48: Perfectionism/Intolerance of Uncert
Page 49 and 50: with OCD or another anxiety disorde
Page 51 and 52: Perfectionism and Inflated Responsi
Page 53 and 54: perfectionism in women was related
Page 55 and 56: elationship emerged when the patien
Page 57 and 58: chance, inconclusive). Results indi
Page 59 and 60: Shafran (2002) reports on an experi
Page 61 and 62: disorders (Meyer et al., 2000). Tho
Page 63 and 64: overestimation of threat differs bo
Page 65 and 66: suicide attempts. As such, further
Page 67 and 68: and BN will report obsessive-compul
Page 69 and 70: 3. After controlling for general sy
Page 71 and 72: Participants Chapter 5 Method Overv
Page 73 and 74: adolescence and early adulthood (Am
Page 75 and 76: detailed description of the psychop
Page 77 and 78: Demographics questionnaire. A brief
Page 79 and 80: anging from .81 to .94 for the four
Page 81 and 82: acceptable intercorrelations among
Page 83 and 84: Responsibility/Overestimation of Th
Page 85 and 86:
checking, validity data is still ac
Page 87 and 88:
depression, anxiety, and less accep
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University. Provided permission was
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publications (e.g., Medical Search
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information provided would remain p
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Chapter 6 Data Preparation, Screeni
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the violation. If a marked violatio
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These guidelines have been incorpor
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history of this disorder. By compar
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Regarding the length of treatment,
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espect to extreme dietary restraint
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Criteria used to categorise the Obs
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It should be noted that a proportio
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Table 3 Demographic Characteristics
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the time of the study. When compare
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Results Eating Disorder Symptom Com
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Women with an eating disorder repor
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Eating Disorder Behaviours Across C
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As shown, women with an eating diso
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Approximately 80% of participants i
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All correlations were found to be s
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Women with OCD had significantly hi
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Small Medium Large Based on the fin
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violation in the homogeneity of var
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As shown, participation in one, two
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Small Medium Large Small to medium
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Participants in the community contr
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eating disorder engaged in substant
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disorder, those with OCD have more
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dietary restraint when compared wit
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study, investigation of the relatio
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Results Correlations Between Eating
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Correlations between the EDE-Q and
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As shown in Table 10, all univariat
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which indicates an exceptionally hi
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Accounting for the effects of obses
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Responsibility/Threat Estimation, t
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disorder and depression groups on R
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studies have compared community con
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that across eating disorder categor
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eating, shape, and weight domain. R
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would be similarly related on the b
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Of the 31 items, nine loaded on Fac
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thus obtaining a measure of interna
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Table 15 Item Analysis for the Four
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A strong association was found betw
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Table 17 Correlation Matrix for the
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Running head: EATING DISORDERS AND
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
F subscales. OBQ-EDV Perfectionism
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etween Perfectionism and Intoleranc
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loading on individual factors and a
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BCQ subscales in the realms of .50
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associated with weight gain, a need
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no diagnostic history also being co
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As shown, group differences emerged
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Comparison of Eating Disorder Diagn
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Independent Variable Mediator Depen
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Beta weights and corresponding p-va
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the community control group across
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Comparison of Eating Disorder Diagn
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eliefs presents an ominous picture
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eliefs in eating disorders lies in
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eliefs have several overlapping fea
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obsessions and preoccupations stem
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score higher on the OBQ-EDV total s
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scores of equal severity on the OBQ
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Theoretical Implications The curren
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Despite this, findings of the curre
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or the sense of inflated responsibi
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any qualitative assessments with pa
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Recommendations for Future Research
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necessary to provide a more concret
Page 233 and 234:
References Abramowitz, J. S., & Dea
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Binford, R. B., & le Grange, D. (20
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Collings, S., & King, M. (1994). Te
Page 239 and 240:
Fairburn, C. G., & Beglin, S. J. (1
Page 241 and 242:
Garner, D. M., Olmstead, M., & Poli
Page 243 and 244:
Halmi, K. A., Eckert, E., Marchi, P
Page 245 and 246:
Hudson, J. I., Pope Jr., H. G., Yur
Page 247 and 248:
Lucas, A. R., Beard, C. M., O’Fal
Page 249 and 250:
compulsive symptoms. Journal of Anx
Page 251 and 252:
Paxton, S. J., Shelton, B., & McLea
Page 253 and 254:
Rothenberg, A. (1986). Eating disor
Page 255 and 256:
Simonds, L. M., Thorpe, S. J., & El
Page 257 and 258:
Tolin, D. F., Worhunsky, P., & Malt
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Williamson, D. A., Gleaves, D. H.,
Page 261 and 262:
A. Appendix A DSM-IV-TR Diagnostic
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Appendix C DSM-IV-TR Diagnostic Cri
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C. D. 245 The obsessions or compuls
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18. Even if gaining weight is very
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1 st February 2008 Adrian Schembri
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Appendix G Plain Language Statement
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and weight will be investigated as
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October 10, 2008 Appendix H Letter
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Appendix I Sources of Recruitment E
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259
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261
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Eating disorder study examines wome
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Appendix M Copy of the May, 2009 Me
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• About one-third regularly used
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INVITATION TO PARTICIPATE IN A RESE
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271 welcome to contact Dr David Smi
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