Linguistics 107 Assignment 7 Yupik A. Consider ... - UCSB Linguistics

Linguistics 107 Assignment 7
Yupik
A. Consider the underlying and surface forms below and answer the questions that follow.
Note in particular that underlying forms are provided for you. Also, for your
convenience, recall the following:
[x] is a voiceless velar fricative.
[ʁ] is a voiced uvular fricative.
[χ] is a voiceless uvular frivative.
[ʧ] is a single consonant, the voiceless post-alveolar affricate.
Underlying Surface Gloss
a. /qajaŋuq/ [qajaːŋoq] ‘he acquires a kayak’
b. /atata/ [ataːta] ‘later’
c. /aŋalkuq/ [aŋal̥koq] ‘shaman’
d. /juʁaŋuq/ [joʁaːŋoq] ‘he is starting to dance’
e. /tumtaŋqəʁtuq/ [tum̥ taŋ̥qәχtoq] ‘there are footprints’
f. /qajaɣtaŋqəʁtuq/ [qajaxtaŋ̥qәχtoq] ‘there are kayaks’
g. /qajapiɣkani/ [qajaːpixkaːni] ‘his own future authentic kayak’
h. /qajaʁpaŋjuɣtuq/ [qajaχpaŋjuxtoq] ‘he wants to get a big kayak’
i. /iŋʁiq/ [iŋʁeq] ‘mountain’
1. Show the probable syllabification (using either periods or trees) of all nine surface forms.
Hint: In thinking about the syllabification of […VCCV…], you may assume that Yupik
does not have word-initial consonant clusters.
2. Is it possible to predict when a vowel will be long in Yupik? If so, when are vowels
long? You do not need to provide a rule for this, but you should provide a general
statement in descriptive terms.
3. a. Write a rule accounting for the alternations in voicing of certain consonants.
b. Write a rule accounting for the alternations in vowel quality in the above data.

Linguistics 107 Assignment 7
B. Now consider the following data, with attention to the occurrence of schwa, i.e. [ə]:
Underlying Surface Gloss
a. /qajaɣtaŋqәʁtuq/ [qajaxtaŋ̥qәχtoq] ‘there are kayaks’
b. /navәɣtuq/ [navәxtoq] ‘it breaks’
c. /aŋutәt/ [aŋuːtәt] ‘men’
d. /aŋәluni/ [aŋluːni] ‘it being big’
e. /atәpik/ [atpik] ‘real name’
f. /qajaŋәʧiquq/ [qajaŋ̥ʧeqoq] ‘he will get a kayak’
4. Schwa is deleted in some forms. Write a rule that accounts for the deletion of schwa in
the above data. It may be useful to think about syllable structure.
5. Assume your generalization from Question 2 may be restated as a formal rule predicting
vowel length. Is the ordering of the vowel-length rule crucial with respect to your schwadeletion
rule from Question 4? If so, in what order must they apply?
Bonus1: Illustrate your answer to Question 5, using both possible orderings of the vowellength
rule and the schwa-deletion rule, with derivations for [aŋluːni].
Bonus2: Must the rule of schwa-deletion be ordered with respect to your devoicing rule
from Question 3? If so, in what order must they apply? Illustrate your answer,
using both possible orderings of these rules, with derivations for [qaˈjaŋ̥ʧeqoq].