to download Part 2 of the - Jetwing ECO Holidays
to download Part 2 of the - Jetwing ECO Holidays
to download Part 2 of the - Jetwing ECO Holidays
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
12/10/2007<br />
References- 1. Lilia Bernede Msc. in Primate Conservation 2002-2003 Oxford Brookes<br />
University, UK.<br />
2. Robert Davis. An Independent study for a Bsc. Degree 2005. Oxford<br />
Brookes University UK. 3. Saman Gamage Bsc. M.Phil in bio-diversity,<br />
Ruhuna University.<br />
4. Wasantha Liyanage Bsc. M.phil in bio-diversity, Ruhuna University.<br />
ASP Bulletin - June 2004<br />
Compiled and presented by - Sunil Wimalasuriya, owner 'BKE'- above data from a book<br />
<strong>to</strong> be published titled 'Resurrecting Razed Rainforests'.<br />
‘The Ga<strong>the</strong>ring’ <strong>of</strong> Elephants<br />
By Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne (Published in newspapers in July 2005)<br />
Over <strong>the</strong> next few days in Sri Lanka, one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> most awesome wildlife spectacles in <strong>the</strong><br />
world, will continue <strong>to</strong> ga<strong>the</strong>r pace. Over three hundred wild Asian Elephants converge<br />
for 'The Ga<strong>the</strong>ring".<br />
“Sri Lankan wildlife defies conventional wisdom”. Small islands are not supposed <strong>to</strong><br />
have large animals. Someone forgot <strong>to</strong> tell this <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> elephants, <strong>the</strong> largest terrestrial<br />
mammal. Not only is it found in Sri Lanka, <strong>the</strong> largest concentration <strong>of</strong> Asian Elephants,<br />
a seasonal ga<strong>the</strong>ring, takes place on this island.<br />
Every year, 'The Ga<strong>the</strong>ring' takes place on <strong>the</strong> receding shores <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Minneriya Lake, in<br />
<strong>the</strong> north central province <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka. As <strong>the</strong> dry season fastens its grip on <strong>the</strong> dry<br />
lowlands, leaves wi<strong>the</strong>r and fall in <strong>the</strong> dry deciduous forests, waterholes evaporate in<strong>to</strong><br />
cakes <strong>of</strong> cracked and parched mud. The elephants must move on in search <strong>of</strong> food and<br />
water.<br />
The elephants, sometimes numbering over an awe inspiring three hundred, converge on<strong>to</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> receding shores <strong>of</strong> Minneriya Tank. Nowhere else in <strong>the</strong> world will one find such a<br />
high concentration <strong>of</strong> wild Asian Elephants concentrated in<strong>to</strong> a few square kilometers. A<br />
fact confirmed by Jayantha Jayawardana author <strong>of</strong> The Elephant in Sri Lanka and a<br />
member <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> IUCN/Asian Elephant Specialist Group.<br />
‘The Ga<strong>the</strong>ring’ at Minneriya is a wonderful opportunity for wildlife enthusiasts and<br />
casual travellers <strong>to</strong> observe <strong>the</strong> social dynamics <strong>of</strong> elephants. Matriarchs lead <strong>the</strong>ir clans<br />
<strong>to</strong> water, <strong>the</strong> whole group taking care <strong>to</strong> safeguard <strong>the</strong> baby elephants that are always<br />
flanked by adults. The basic unit <strong>of</strong> family society is a mo<strong>the</strong>r and calf. Clans <strong>of</strong> related<br />
elephants will coalesce in<strong>to</strong> herds when <strong>the</strong>y converge on<strong>to</strong> Minneriya in search <strong>of</strong> a<br />
common quest for food, water, cover and mates. The smaller herds group in<strong>to</strong> even larger<br />
herds, sometimes numbering over a hundred elephants. Adult bulls mix freely, using <strong>the</strong>ir<br />
trunks <strong>to</strong> test <strong>the</strong> air for adult females who are receptive. When a bull elephant attains<br />
maturity, he is expelled from <strong>the</strong> herd and wanders as a bachelor. At <strong>the</strong> ga<strong>the</strong>ring<br />
171
12/10/2007<br />
elephants that have not seen each o<strong>the</strong>r for a year, renew acquaintances. Bulls tussle for<br />
dominance and calves play with each o<strong>the</strong>r.<br />
The Minneriya Tank or reservoir is an ancient man made lake constructed by King<br />
Mahasen in <strong>the</strong> 3rd century AD. Many centuries ago, <strong>the</strong>se lowlands were farmed for<br />
agriculture by an ancient civilization whose mastery <strong>of</strong> hydraulics was remarkably<br />
sophisticated. Today, <strong>the</strong> ancient reservoir fills during <strong>the</strong> Nor<strong>the</strong>ast monsoon and<br />
gradually shrinks as <strong>the</strong> dry season fasten <strong>the</strong> lowlands in a <strong>to</strong>rpid grip. As <strong>the</strong> waters<br />
recede, lush grassland sprouts attracting elephants in search <strong>of</strong> food from far away as <strong>the</strong><br />
jungles <strong>of</strong> Wasgomuwa and Trincomalee. The lake always retains some water and is<br />
surrounded by scrub jungle, which provides shade during <strong>the</strong> heat <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> day. The Asian<br />
Elephant is a shade-loving animal. It is not endowed with as good an air conditioning<br />
system as its African cousin who has large ears. As evening falls, <strong>the</strong> elephants emerge<br />
from <strong>the</strong> scrub, in small herds <strong>of</strong> tens, coalescing in<strong>to</strong> larger herds, sometimes numbering<br />
over a hundred.<br />
The 'Ga<strong>the</strong>ring' is one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> most unforgettable and fantastic events in <strong>the</strong> international<br />
wildlife calendar”.<br />
Key Facts<br />
When should I visit?<br />
The Ga<strong>the</strong>ring peaks during <strong>the</strong> months <strong>of</strong> August and September. The locals will know<br />
whe<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong> herds are ga<strong>the</strong>red at Minneriya National Park or whe<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong> nearby<br />
Kaudulla National Park <strong>of</strong>fers better viewing at a particular time. Be guided by local<br />
advice and be flexible as <strong>to</strong> which <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> parks you visit.<br />
Why is it called ‘The Ga<strong>the</strong>ring’?<br />
Because that is what it is. It is a seasonal movement <strong>of</strong> elephants and not quite a<br />
migration in <strong>the</strong> sense <strong>of</strong> what biologists mean by a migration.<br />
How should I visit?<br />
Choose a reputable <strong>to</strong>ur opera<strong>to</strong>r who can make your arrangements for accommodation,<br />
park entry fees, safari jeep hire, etc. Hotels in <strong>the</strong> neighbourhood can also make<br />
arrangements for jeep safaris.<br />
What else can I do?<br />
Minneriya, which is <strong>the</strong> focus <strong>of</strong> ‘The Ga<strong>the</strong>ring’, is at <strong>the</strong> center <strong>of</strong> one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> richest<br />
areas for culture and archaeology. The magnificent ancient cities <strong>of</strong> Anuradhapura and<br />
Polonnaruwa, <strong>the</strong> rock fortress palace <strong>of</strong> Kasyappa at Sigiriya, <strong>the</strong> Golden Rock Temple<br />
<strong>of</strong> Dambulla, are all within a half day's excursion. Wildlife enthusiasts may like <strong>to</strong> go<br />
fur<strong>the</strong>r <strong>to</strong> Wilpattu National Park or go primate watching or birdwatching in <strong>the</strong> many<br />
forests patches in <strong>the</strong> area. Many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> country's finest hotels are also in <strong>the</strong> area.<br />
Need for an Ecological Index<br />
172
12/10/2007<br />
By Rohan H. Wickramasinghe, Institute for Tropical Environmental Studies<br />
There is much discussion in recent years (and, in particular, in environmental and<br />
scientific circles) <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ‘biodiversity’ in named regions or localities. For instance, Sri<br />
Lanka has been termed one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ‘biodiversity hotspots’ <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> world. This means that<br />
she has a large variety <strong>of</strong> indigenous plant and animal species, e.g. orchids, birds and<br />
frogs, within her shores and terri<strong>to</strong>rial waters. Many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se are ‘endemic’ or found only<br />
in this country. (n.b. islands frequently have a relatively high proportion <strong>of</strong> endemic<br />
species but that is ano<strong>the</strong>r s<strong>to</strong>ry which we will not discuss now).<br />
One question raised in <strong>the</strong> course <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> deliberations at <strong>the</strong> recent World Environmental<br />
Education Congress (WEEC) held in Turin (see THE ISLAND <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> 7 th November<br />
2005) related <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> term ‘biodiversity’. I noted that I felt that, while this concept <strong>of</strong><br />
making a tally <strong>of</strong> indigenous species <strong>of</strong> plants and animals in a given region or locality is<br />
very valuable for some purposes, <strong>the</strong> term is a little <strong>to</strong>o technical and perhaps<br />
unsatisfying for educating <strong>the</strong> general public, including decision makers, on <strong>the</strong><br />
importance and urgency <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> need for biological conservation. I felt that a sterile<br />
discussion on ‘biodiversity’ would not provide any compelling argument for members <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> general public <strong>to</strong> support or get involved in biological conservation.<br />
I would like <strong>to</strong> propose that a sense <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> importance and urgency <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> need for<br />
biological conservation could be better conveyed by <strong>the</strong> development <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> concept <strong>of</strong> an<br />
‘Ecological Index’ or ‘EcoIndex’ for each country or region (as necessary). This would in<br />
some ways be similar <strong>to</strong> a ‘cost-<strong>of</strong>-living index’ and would be revised annually in order<br />
<strong>to</strong> provide information and quantify <strong>the</strong> state <strong>of</strong> health <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ecology and environment <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> locality under consideration.<br />
Fundamentally, <strong>the</strong> ‘EcoIndex’ <strong>of</strong> a given locality would compare <strong>the</strong> numbers <strong>of</strong> species<br />
<strong>of</strong> living organisms in <strong>the</strong> year in question <strong>to</strong> those known <strong>to</strong> have existed in a base or<br />
reference year (say <strong>the</strong> year 1950, for argument’s sake). Usually, more species <strong>of</strong><br />
indigenous plants and animals would have been identified by <strong>the</strong> year 2005 than were<br />
known in 1950. However, many would have been lost in <strong>the</strong> locality in question by 2005<br />
or passed in<strong>to</strong> extinction (some types <strong>of</strong> living organisms, e.g. bacteria, would be<br />
excluded in calculating an EcoIndex due <strong>to</strong> practical reasons).<br />
The calculation <strong>of</strong> an EcoIndex would need <strong>to</strong> be made according <strong>to</strong> a prescribed<br />
formula, which, ideally, would be standard for all localities <strong>to</strong> permit comparisons and<br />
detection <strong>of</strong> trends (however, different formulae may prove <strong>to</strong> be necessary for, for<br />
example, terrestrial and aquatic environments <strong>to</strong> avoid <strong>the</strong> calculation becoming<br />
unwieldy). The elaboration or construction <strong>of</strong> a formula is not a task which can be<br />
accomplished overnight and will need multidisciplinary inputs.<br />
It is envisaged that <strong>the</strong> use and annual review <strong>of</strong> a given locality’s EcoIndex would be<br />
possible without requiring specialist expertise, once <strong>the</strong> formula is refined and established<br />
(after testing). However, drawing up <strong>the</strong> formula would need careful thought. For<br />
instance, does one merely add up <strong>the</strong> numbers <strong>of</strong> all species <strong>of</strong> plants and animals in a<br />
173
12/10/2007<br />
locality or does one fac<strong>to</strong>r in increases or decreases in <strong>the</strong> population <strong>of</strong> each species (or<br />
marker species)? If <strong>the</strong> first option is selected, <strong>the</strong> dwindling <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> population <strong>of</strong><br />
elephants in Sri Lanka from 3000 <strong>to</strong> one would not be reflected in her EcoIndex! On <strong>the</strong><br />
o<strong>the</strong>r hand, however, determining <strong>the</strong> population numbers <strong>of</strong> each species <strong>of</strong> plant and<br />
animal every year could be deemed impracticable. Marker species may need <strong>to</strong> be<br />
decided upon.<br />
The construction <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> formula for an EcoIndex could also incorporate various o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
considerations. For instance, industrial pollution in a given locality could be fac<strong>to</strong>red in.<br />
WEEC used carbon dioxide emissions as a marker <strong>to</strong> quantify pollution and this could be<br />
a useful example <strong>to</strong> follow in view <strong>of</strong> its relevance <strong>to</strong> Global Warming. In view <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
disparities between various countries and localities in terms <strong>of</strong> land area and population<br />
numbers, agreement will need <strong>to</strong> be arrived at as <strong>to</strong> whe<strong>the</strong>r emissions are <strong>to</strong> be fac<strong>to</strong>red<br />
in per square kilometre <strong>of</strong> terri<strong>to</strong>ry or per unit <strong>of</strong> human population.<br />
O<strong>the</strong>r fac<strong>to</strong>rs, which may be considered in calculating an Eco Index, include human<br />
activities (e.g. land clearing, deforestation), desertification, salinization <strong>of</strong> soil, frequency<br />
<strong>of</strong> natural disasters attributed <strong>to</strong> human activities (e.g. some landslides) and incidence <strong>of</strong><br />
certain health problems, which are related <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> state <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> environment (e.g. certain<br />
cancers, dengue, certain birth defects). Which fac<strong>to</strong>rs can and should be incorporated in<strong>to</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> proposed formula will have <strong>to</strong> be decided after a careful study <strong>of</strong> all relevant<br />
considerations.<br />
As noted above, <strong>the</strong> construction <strong>of</strong> an Eco Index is not a task which can be<br />
accomplished overnight and its operation will also require considerable inputs. However,<br />
once in place, it should prove a valuable educational and administrative <strong>to</strong>ol <strong>to</strong>wards<br />
ecological protection. Even <strong>the</strong> process <strong>of</strong> calculating it each year could help <strong>to</strong> bring <strong>to</strong><br />
light developing problems and trends, which may o<strong>the</strong>rwise lie hidden until <strong>the</strong>y are far<br />
advanced.<br />
Any comments on this concept by both specialists and <strong>the</strong> general public are most<br />
welcome.<br />
The article is reproduced with permission given <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> author and SLWN from The Island<br />
ISLAND newspaper (www.island.lk). It was published on Wednesday <strong>the</strong> 30 th November<br />
2005 in <strong>the</strong> ‘Midweek Review’.<br />
NEW PUBLICATIONS<br />
With <strong>the</strong> Dawn by Nihal Fernando & Herbert Keuneman. Published by Studio Times<br />
Ltd.<br />
Based on <strong>the</strong> Exhibition Wild Life '73, an epic poem in words and pho<strong>to</strong>graphs which<br />
unfolds <strong>the</strong> s<strong>to</strong>ry <strong>of</strong> life in <strong>the</strong> jungle. 230 pgs, 200 black & white pho<strong>to</strong>graphs, 18cm x<br />
19cm (portrait), duo<strong>to</strong>ne printing in Korea. Two editions - Standard & Deluxe. Can be<br />
purchased now at prepublication discount. Closing Date for Prepublication Offer: 16th<br />
Dec. 2005.<br />
174
12/10/2007<br />
Contact: Studio Times Ltd., 16/1 Skel<strong>to</strong>n Road, Colombo 5, + 94 11 2589062, + 94 11<br />
595569. studiot@sltnet.lk. www.studiotimes.net<br />
Birds Sounds <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka, Habitat Edition 2005 By Deepal Warakagoda<br />
'This audiotape <strong>the</strong> Habitat Edition <strong>of</strong> The Birds Sounds <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka was created for<br />
listeners <strong>to</strong> experience <strong>the</strong> sounds <strong>of</strong> birds in 8 major habitat types <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka. For <strong>the</strong><br />
first time in <strong>the</strong> series soundscapes featuring birds as well as o<strong>the</strong>r sounds <strong>of</strong> nature are<br />
presented, and one is provided for each <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> 8 habitats.<br />
All sounds in this compilation were recorded in <strong>the</strong> wild and in <strong>the</strong> relevant habitat types<br />
by Deepal Warakagoda from 1999-2004.<br />
It consists <strong>of</strong> 105 species <strong>of</strong> birds with 19 endemics. It is hoped that <strong>the</strong> work will assist<br />
listeners <strong>to</strong> identify and appreciate many distinctive bird sounds heard throughout Sri<br />
Lanka and that it will inspire <strong>the</strong>m <strong>to</strong> respect and conserve <strong>the</strong> Sri Lanka’s biodiversity.<br />
Side A consists <strong>of</strong> Birds <strong>of</strong> Rainforest, Marshes, lagoons & Town gardens. Side B <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
cassette consists <strong>of</strong> bird sound <strong>of</strong> Hills, Dry forest, Grassland & Scrubland & Night birds<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> dry zone'.<br />
Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne comments on, <strong>the</strong> quality <strong>of</strong> recording as excellent and most<br />
useful for birdwatchers <strong>to</strong> learn <strong>the</strong> calls <strong>of</strong> different bird in <strong>the</strong>ir habitats.<br />
Field Guide <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Birds <strong>of</strong> Sou<strong>the</strong>rn India<br />
by Richard Grimmett, Tim Inskipp<br />
RRP £24.99 , ISBN 0713651644 , Format Paperback 240 pages. 216x135 mm.<br />
'This guide is a successor <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> much acclaimed Birds <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Indian Subcontinent by <strong>the</strong><br />
same authors. Covering sou<strong>the</strong>rn India, <strong>the</strong> superb plates re accompanied by a succinct<br />
text highlighting identification, voice, habitat, altitudinal range, distribution and status.<br />
The text is on facing pages <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> plates, for easy reference.<br />
Like previous guides covering Bhutan, Nor<strong>the</strong>rn India and Nepal, this guide is a perfect<br />
size for use in <strong>the</strong> field and will be an essential companion when visiting this region'.<br />
Birds <strong>of</strong> South Asia. The Ripley Guide<br />
Vols. 1 and 2<br />
By Pamela C. Rasmussen and John C. Ander<strong>to</strong>n<br />
Illustrated by John Ander<strong>to</strong>n, Ian Lewing<strong>to</strong>n, Hilary Burn, Tom Schultz, N. John Schmitt,<br />
Larry B. McQueen, Hans Peeters, Jonathan Alderfer, Albert E. Gilbert, Bill Zetterstrom,<br />
Kristin Williams, Cynthia House<br />
175
12/10/2007<br />
Smithsonian Institution and Lynx Edicions, 2005<br />
'Birds <strong>of</strong> South Asia. The Ripley Guide is a comprehensive, two-volume, up-<strong>to</strong>-date<br />
work covering <strong>the</strong> over 2500 known and likely taxa <strong>of</strong> birds <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> spectacularly diverse<br />
Indian subcontinent including, for <strong>the</strong> first time, Afghanistan and <strong>the</strong> Chagos<br />
Archipelago. Volume 1 is a Field Guide, bound separately for portability, while Volume<br />
2 (Attributes and Status) contains much more detailed information.<br />
Volume 1 (Field Guide):<br />
- Over 3400 illustrations appear in 180 plates painted especially for this book by expert<br />
artists. These depict virtually all species and most distinctive subspecies and plumages,<br />
some <strong>of</strong> which appear in no o<strong>the</strong>r guide.<br />
- Over 1450 colour maps, based primarily on verified records, represent <strong>the</strong> ranges <strong>of</strong><br />
each regularly occurring species and many distinctive races, and distinguish migra<strong>to</strong>ry<br />
routes from winter ranges.<br />
- Maps are annotated as <strong>to</strong> geographic variation, status, and habitat.<br />
- Concise texts give <strong>the</strong> information necessary <strong>to</strong> identify each species .<br />
- To assist in locating groups within <strong>the</strong> text, illustrated plate keys are provided in <strong>the</strong><br />
endpapers.<br />
Vol. 2 (Attributes and Status):<br />
- Contains much new information and many taxonomic treatments.<br />
- Alternative names are listed and taxonomic issues are summarized.<br />
- Specimen measurements specially taken for this book are presented for each species.<br />
- Complete data about identification, status and distribution, and habits are provided for<br />
each species.<br />
- Problematic records are mentioned.<br />
- Vocalizations are described from recordings, and <strong>the</strong>re are over 1000 sonagrams.<br />
- Appendices include <strong>the</strong> region s first hypo<strong>the</strong>tical species list, a gazetteer, brief<br />
ornithological his<strong>to</strong>ries, and lists <strong>of</strong> taxonomic changes, regional specimen holdings, and<br />
threatened species.<br />
- A comprehensive index allows users <strong>to</strong> find whatever names are most familiar <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>m.<br />
- Maps indicate geopolitical names, <strong>to</strong>pography, habitats, and bird species diversity and<br />
endemism'.<br />
Handbook <strong>to</strong> Indian Wetland Birds and <strong>the</strong>ir Conservation<br />
Kumar, A., Sati, JP, Tak, PC & Alfred, JRB (2005) Handbook on Indian Wetland<br />
Birds and <strong>the</strong>ir Conservation: xxvi+468 (Published by Direc<strong>to</strong>r, Zool. Surv. India)<br />
'The Handbook provides extensive information on 310 wetland bird species from India. It<br />
is divided in seven chapters, with eight appendices and Index for scientific and English<br />
names <strong>of</strong> Indian wetland birds.<br />
176
12/10/2007<br />
The first chapter <strong>of</strong> Introduction covers information on Biogeography <strong>of</strong> India, Wetland<br />
Birds and <strong>the</strong>ir Values, Habitats, Heronries, Migration, Major Waterbird Flyways,<br />
Watching Wetland Birds and bird pho<strong>to</strong>graphy.<br />
The second chapter provides a complete Checklist <strong>of</strong> 310 species <strong>of</strong> Wetland Birds in a<br />
tabular form with <strong>the</strong>ir residential, abundance, conservation and threatened status,<br />
population trend, threshold number, etc. Detail information on diagnostic field characters,<br />
habits, habitats, voice, status and distribution in India, south Asia, as well as in <strong>the</strong>ir<br />
biogeographical range has been provided in this chapter. Each species text is furnished<br />
with pho<strong>to</strong>graph (s) and a drawing, highlighting <strong>the</strong> diagnostics in <strong>the</strong> plate, and a colour<br />
distribution map.<br />
In <strong>the</strong> third chapter, <strong>the</strong>ir residential, abundance and conservation status has been<br />
discussed. For all <strong>the</strong> Globally Threatened, Near Threatened and Data Deficient species<br />
separate pho<strong>to</strong>graphic plate are given.<br />
Chapter 4 covers <strong>the</strong> socio economic values (direct and indirect use values), threats and<br />
<strong>the</strong> conservation measures in relation <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> wetlands and <strong>the</strong> wetland birds.<br />
Chapter 5 covers <strong>the</strong> protected area network with information about 19 Ramsar,<br />
Montreux, and World Heritage sites, Important Bird areas (IBAs) and Sacred wetlands in<br />
India. It tabulates state wise information on 99 Waterbird Sanctuaries, National Parks,<br />
and Ramsar Sites with <strong>the</strong>ir year <strong>of</strong> establishment, X & Y co-ordinates, Bio-geographic<br />
unit, and area in km2.<br />
The chapter six <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Handbook deals with <strong>the</strong> Framework for Conservation covering<br />
various aspects such as, National policies, laws and legislation, International conventions/<br />
Agreements like Ramsar Convention, Convention on Migra<strong>to</strong>ry Species (CMS),<br />
Convention on Biodiversity (CBD), CITES, and bilateral Agreements on protection <strong>of</strong><br />
migra<strong>to</strong>ry birds between India and former USSR and Russia. Co-ordination <strong>of</strong> Action in<br />
Asia Region under Asia-Pacific Conservation Initiative and <strong>the</strong> strategy for conservation<br />
<strong>of</strong> migra<strong>to</strong>ry species have been discussed in details. Five major Key habitats for<br />
threatened wetland birds and <strong>the</strong> species <strong>the</strong>y are supporting have been discussed.<br />
Fur<strong>the</strong>r, this chapter also briefly <strong>to</strong>uches on,<br />
Mandate <strong>of</strong> various Government and Non- Governmental Organisations working with <strong>the</strong><br />
wetlands and wetland birds at national and International level.<br />
Accession <strong>to</strong> international conventions and various initiatives under Convention on<br />
Wetlands, and role <strong>of</strong> Remote Sensing in assessment <strong>of</strong> waterfowl habitat have been<br />
appended <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Handbook.<br />
As India supports such a large number <strong>of</strong> migra<strong>to</strong>ry species, birds that fly between<br />
countries on an annual basis from <strong>the</strong> Russian arctic <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Maldives across nor<strong>the</strong>rn,<br />
Central, South and West Asia, this publication is <strong>of</strong> great relevance <strong>to</strong> people throughout<br />
<strong>the</strong> region.<br />
177
12/10/2007<br />
We strongly believe that this publication will be a valuable reference <strong>to</strong> anyone interested<br />
in wetland birds and conservation, including bird watchers, schools, research institutions,<br />
foresters, government agencies and o<strong>the</strong>rs, many <strong>of</strong> whom <strong>of</strong>ten have limited means <strong>to</strong><br />
access many reference and field books. This will be <strong>the</strong> first step <strong>to</strong>wards being able <strong>to</strong><br />
provide <strong>the</strong>m <strong>the</strong> means and training <strong>to</strong> identify and conserve waterbirds.<br />
As it not only includes <strong>the</strong> plates, maps and text <strong>to</strong> identify and enjoy Wetland birds, but<br />
also provides a wealth <strong>of</strong> information relevant <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir Conservation, many hundred <strong>of</strong><br />
bird watchers who participate in Asian Waterfowl census will find <strong>the</strong> handbook <strong>of</strong> great<br />
benefit <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir efforts.<br />
The handbook is a true example <strong>of</strong> cooperation by birders internationally and <strong>the</strong> authors<br />
have also aptly demonstrated <strong>the</strong> need <strong>to</strong> co-operate and share our knowledge by<br />
producing a book with contributions from people around <strong>the</strong> Globe'.<br />
Visit <strong>the</strong> website below for details about <strong>the</strong> handbook.<br />
http://www.weblineinfos<strong>of</strong>t.com/zsi/hbiwb.pdf or contact Arun Kumar, "Nishtha", 14/3<br />
Balbir Road, Dehra Dun 248 001, India. Tel: 91-135-267 1826. Email<br />
drarunk@sancharnet.in<br />
RSPB Children's Guide <strong>to</strong> Birdwatching by David Chandler, Mike Unwin<br />
ISBN 0713671572 Format, Paperback 128 pages. 207x140 mm. RRP £9.99<br />
'This new RSPB-endorsed book is a practical, exciting and comprehensive introduction <strong>to</strong><br />
watching birds, for children aged 8-12 years. Lavishly illustrated throughout with fullcolour<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphs and paintings, it begins by discussing general birding - where <strong>to</strong> go<br />
and when, what equipment <strong>to</strong> take with you, tips on attracting birds <strong>to</strong> your garden, how<br />
<strong>to</strong> take field notes etc. The second half <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> book comprises a field guide <strong>to</strong> more than a<br />
hundred and thirty <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> commonest species <strong>of</strong> Britain and Ireland, using clear<br />
illustrations backed up by concise, straightforward text describing key identification<br />
points, such as behaviour, voice and habitat.<br />
This informative and lively book will greatly enhance children's enjoyment <strong>of</strong><br />
birdwatching, and will help <strong>to</strong> engender a lifetime <strong>of</strong> enthusiasm for birds and birding'.<br />
PRESS RELEASES<br />
Hakgala Strict Natural Reserve: A Statement from Environmental<br />
Foundation Ltd (EFL)<br />
Is forest loss drying up our water?<br />
The Environmental Foundation Limited warns <strong>the</strong> general public <strong>of</strong> an impending water<br />
crisis, as <strong>the</strong>re seems <strong>to</strong> be no visible action taken <strong>to</strong> halt illegal encroachment and<br />
degradation <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka’s rapidly decreasing forest cover. Now down <strong>to</strong> only 20% <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
<strong>to</strong>tal land area, it is within <strong>the</strong>se areas, water; <strong>the</strong> most vital fac<strong>to</strong>r for human wellbeing,<br />
is secured and maintained. In view <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> inevitable crisis in s<strong>to</strong>re for Sri Lanka in <strong>the</strong><br />
178
12/10/2007<br />
near future, <strong>the</strong> preservation <strong>of</strong> our forests, especially <strong>the</strong> Protected Areas, needs <strong>to</strong> be<br />
done immediately and encroachers removed.<br />
EFL’s Policy Paper, Hakgala Strict Natural Reserve: is forest loss drying up our water?<br />
issued <strong>to</strong>day, is a follow up <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> joint Open Forum on <strong>the</strong> preservation and protection <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> Hakgala Strict Natural Reserve (HSNR) held on July 27, <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r with <strong>the</strong><br />
Department <strong>of</strong> Wildlife Conservation (DWLC), where stakeholders, including<br />
conservationists, o<strong>the</strong>r environmental NGOs, key governmental organisations and<br />
institutions, wildlife enthusiasts as well as members <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> press met <strong>to</strong> discuss a way <strong>to</strong><br />
end <strong>the</strong> destruction <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> HSNR. The Open Forum paved way for <strong>the</strong> establishment <strong>of</strong><br />
closer ties with media organisations, through which a large audience could be reached in<br />
<strong>the</strong> protection and conservation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> natural environment.<br />
Why preserve our forests?<br />
Although <strong>the</strong> HSNR cover less than 0.02% <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka’s <strong>to</strong>tal land area and 0.12% <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> Protected Areas estate, its importance in terms <strong>of</strong> ecological, hydrological and<br />
economic value, far exceeds its proportions. A well conserved forest, acts as a cover for<br />
collecting rainfall, while minimising <strong>the</strong> loss <strong>of</strong> water. It also acts as a barrier that helps<br />
s<strong>to</strong>p soil erosion and sedimentation <strong>of</strong> waterways. Water, as a resource, is vital and<br />
precious as it is finite in supply, with demand for its use growing rapidly. This situation<br />
will not change but <strong>the</strong> quality and quantity <strong>of</strong> ground water will continue <strong>to</strong> decline. In<br />
this light, preservation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> HSNR, an important watershed area that also helps <strong>to</strong><br />
safeguard several o<strong>the</strong>r goods and services that are indispensable for sustaining human<br />
livelihoods and economic security, must be <strong>to</strong>p priority.<br />
Blatant disregard <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Rule <strong>of</strong> Law<br />
Disregard for <strong>the</strong> law <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> land continues while our natural resources are used, abused<br />
with little or no regard for its preservation for <strong>the</strong> future. These Protected Areas were<br />
declared such, as <strong>the</strong>ir importance as ecologically sensitive areas were recognised by<br />
policy makers many years ago. However <strong>to</strong>day, <strong>the</strong> illegal encroachment and rapid<br />
deforestation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> same, will spell eventual developmental and economic doom for <strong>the</strong><br />
country.<br />
A Call for Action<br />
EFL calls on <strong>the</strong> government and people <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka <strong>to</strong> band <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r <strong>to</strong> preserve this<br />
miniscule 0.02% <strong>of</strong> <strong>to</strong>tal land area so that <strong>the</strong> SNRs <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> country along with o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
Protected Areas will not be cleared and responsible authorities under whose purview,<br />
protection <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m fall, succumb <strong>to</strong> cheap political pressure aimed only at gaining<br />
political mileage.<br />
EFL <strong>the</strong>refore calls for:<br />
· The urgent eviction <strong>of</strong> all occupants <strong>of</strong> SNRs and o<strong>the</strong>r Protected Areas, irrespective <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong>ir period <strong>of</strong> occupation or extent <strong>of</strong> holding.<br />
· An immediate halt <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> encroachment <strong>of</strong> ecologically sensitive sites.<br />
· A clear demarcation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> physical boundaries <strong>of</strong> SNRs, and enforcement <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se.<br />
179
12/10/2007<br />
·Stated commitment from all political parties <strong>to</strong> uphold <strong>the</strong> laws regarding nature<br />
protection and <strong>to</strong> disallow squatting in SNRs.<br />
· A concrete pledge by <strong>the</strong> government and its donors <strong>to</strong> undertake concrete measures <strong>to</strong><br />
streng<strong>the</strong>n <strong>the</strong> agencies that are charged with maintaining <strong>the</strong> country’s precious<br />
biodiversity, especially <strong>the</strong> Wildlife Department and Forest Department.<br />
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
SRI LANKA WILDLIFE NEWS is an ad-hoc e-mail <strong>of</strong> birding and wildlife events,<br />
sightings and short notes <strong>of</strong> interest <strong>to</strong> birders, pho<strong>to</strong>graphers, conservationists etc. To<br />
receive a copy, please e-mail gehan.slwn@jetwing.lk with "Subscribe Wildlife News" in<br />
<strong>the</strong> subject header. SLWN values your privacy, <strong>to</strong> be removed, e-mail with “Unsubscribe<br />
Wildlife News” in <strong>the</strong> header. Please e-mail your sightings, events etc <strong>to</strong><br />
gehan.slwn@jetwing.lk. The media are welcome <strong>to</strong> extract details, but please attribute <strong>the</strong><br />
source and author(s). Past issues are on www.jetwingeco.com<br />
JULY - OCTOBER 2005<br />
SRI LANKA WILDLIFE NEWS (July - Oc<strong>to</strong>ber 2005)<br />
- A compilation by Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne & Ayanthi Samarajewa<br />
HIGHLIGHTS<br />
[*] Streak-throated Woodpecker in Ohiya, Glossy Ibis on <strong>the</strong> outskirts <strong>of</strong> Colombo,<br />
Large Oakleaf in Ratmalana & 3rd record <strong>of</strong> Red Turtle Dove. See BIRDING &<br />
WILDLIFE NEWS.<br />
[*] ‘The Ga<strong>the</strong>ring’ <strong>of</strong> Elephants & Folklore <strong>of</strong> Yala See ARTICLES.<br />
[*] Birds Sounds <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka, Habitat Edition 2005. New books out include Birds <strong>of</strong><br />
South Asia The Ripley Guide, Handbook <strong>to</strong> Indian Wetland Birds and <strong>the</strong>ir Conservation<br />
and <strong>the</strong> RSPB Children's Guide <strong>to</strong> Birdwatching. See PUBLICATIONS.<br />
EVENTS SUMMARY<br />
- Saturday 26 November, Lecture series on birds for beginners. 9.30am - 12.00. NBLT,<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Colombo, Colombo 3. Field Ornithology Group <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka (FOGSL)<br />
Lecture Series. Topic and speaker <strong>to</strong> be finalised.<br />
BIRDING & WILDLIFE NEWS<br />
Ceylon Bird Club Birding News on 27 Oc<strong>to</strong>ber carried <strong>the</strong> following reports.<br />
26 th Oc<strong>to</strong>ber 2005<br />
180
12/10/2007<br />
- Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne reports near Talangama Tank seven Glossy Ibis, also 10+<br />
Common Greenshanks, 100+ Marsh Sandpipers and c. 50 Asiatic Golden Plover, in <strong>the</strong><br />
paddy fields by <strong>the</strong> causeway on 23 Oc<strong>to</strong>ber.<br />
- Deepal Warakagoda reports two Glossy Ibis in <strong>the</strong> Pillewa marsh on <strong>the</strong> temple side <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> main road on 24 Oc<strong>to</strong>ber.<br />
Ceylon Bird Club Birding News on 18 Oc<strong>to</strong>ber carried <strong>the</strong> following reports.<br />
19 th Oc<strong>to</strong>ber 2005<br />
- Uditha Hettige and Chinthaka de Silva report one or probably two Red Turtle Doves at<br />
Shastrawela south <strong>of</strong> Arugam Bay on 16 Oc<strong>to</strong>ber. A male was observed just by <strong>the</strong> main<br />
road c. ½ km each side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> STF camp signboard at c. 4.55 and 5.05 p.m. The two<br />
previous records <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> species in Sri Lanka are by Layard c. 1860 and Phillips in 1951.<br />
- Bandara, Naturalist <strong>of</strong> Tropical Villa’s Hotel, Beruwala reports from Sinharaja<br />
Forest (Kudawa entrance) on 15 th August 2005.<br />
Around 9.00am I was walking along <strong>the</strong> main road in <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> forest with two English bird<br />
watchers and a tracker. About 400m from <strong>the</strong> entrance in a distant dead tree <strong>the</strong>re were<br />
19 White-faced Starlings perched and were moving around.<br />
At about 11:10hrs when we were walking back from <strong>the</strong> giant Nawada tree (Shorea<br />
stripularis) just after a little rain; I heard <strong>the</strong> call <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka Blue Magpie and it seemed<br />
like <strong>the</strong>re were more than one, so we hurried on and were able <strong>to</strong> spot <strong>the</strong> flock. In <strong>the</strong><br />
flock we observed six individuals who were in <strong>the</strong> shrubs and just above <strong>the</strong> shrub layer.<br />
Thereafter we <strong>to</strong>ok a break at <strong>the</strong> research center nearby. Here we heard several different<br />
calls <strong>of</strong> birds, I <strong>the</strong>n realised that it was a feeding bird flock. The direction <strong>the</strong>y were<br />
moving seemed <strong>to</strong> be <strong>to</strong>wards <strong>the</strong> trail <strong>to</strong> “Sinhagala” and “Gallenyaya”. So we quickly<br />
went <strong>to</strong>wards <strong>the</strong> trail and stayed just 50m from <strong>the</strong> research center. As we waited <strong>the</strong><br />
birds slowly came out and moved <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r side it was an amazing flock, very rich in<br />
species diversity. There were 12 individuals <strong>of</strong> Red-faced Malkoha, 6 Sri Lanka Myna, 4<br />
Malabar Trogon, more than 15 Orange-billed Babblers, around 10 Ashy-headed<br />
Laughing Thrush, one Grey Hornbill, around 3 Crested Drongo, White-faced Starling,<br />
Yellow-fronted Barbet, Dark-fronted Babbler, Yellow-browed Bulbul, Indian Scimitar<br />
Babbler, Greater Flameback, Black-naped Monarch, Velvet-fronted Nuthach and we<br />
heard <strong>the</strong> call <strong>of</strong> Dusky-striped Jungle Squirrel in <strong>the</strong> flock.<br />
- Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne and Dilshani Samaraweera from Lanka Business Online<br />
(LBO) visited <strong>the</strong> Minneriya National Park on Tuesday 8 August. 'The Ga<strong>the</strong>ring'<br />
was well in progress. From one location on <strong>the</strong> banks <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lake, <strong>the</strong>y were able <strong>to</strong> count<br />
more than a hundred elephants. Two adult bull elephants tussled briefly. Two juveniles<br />
were also seen engaged in testing <strong>the</strong>ir strength. One group <strong>of</strong> about six elephants had a<br />
young baby, perhaps only a few weeks old amongst <strong>the</strong>m.<br />
- Rohan Cooray, former Naturalists <strong>of</strong> Tropical Villas, Beruwala on <strong>to</strong>ur with Mr & Mrs<br />
Phillips reports <strong>the</strong> following from Kosgoda beach.<br />
181
12/10/2007<br />
"On Sunday 17 July 2005, we visited <strong>the</strong> Kosgoda beach in search <strong>of</strong> Marine turtles. We<br />
had an early dinner and left <strong>the</strong> Tropical Villas around 20:45 hours. Kosgoda beach is<br />
about 10 minutes drive from <strong>the</strong> Tropical Villas Hotel. Mr. David Phillips brought his<br />
digital cannon 400mm and 80mm lenses.<br />
We arrived at <strong>the</strong> beach around 21:00 hours. I had already informed <strong>the</strong> local research<br />
project <strong>of</strong>ficer about our visit <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir Marine turtle research site. We all walked <strong>to</strong>wards<br />
<strong>the</strong> research hut, which is situated, on <strong>the</strong> beach. One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> research <strong>of</strong>ficers <strong>to</strong>ld us that<br />
one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> turtle nest is expected <strong>to</strong> hatch and we might see <strong>the</strong> hatchlings crawling <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
sea <strong>to</strong>night. We were all thrilled about this unexpected news and hurried with him <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
site. Then he carefully examined <strong>the</strong> nest and made a small hole, within seconds this hole<br />
was filled with small turtles. As this nest was located on a higher location on <strong>the</strong> beach<br />
and hatchlings could easily back track with all <strong>the</strong> lights glittering in <strong>the</strong> background, one<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> researcher's helped <strong>the</strong> hatchlings <strong>to</strong> find <strong>the</strong> sea. More than 100 Green Turtle<br />
hatchlings were released <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> sea under <strong>the</strong> watchful eyes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> project <strong>of</strong>ficers.<br />
Once all <strong>the</strong> hatchlings had gone <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> sea, we walked back <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> research hut. Then one<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> beach patrolman pointed at an object on <strong>the</strong> beach and said' a turtle", but we<br />
suddenly realise it's a wooden log washed by <strong>the</strong> sea. We all laughed and knew he was<br />
joking. Once again we were <strong>to</strong>ld <strong>the</strong>re was a turtle' and this time all <strong>of</strong> us laughed at him,<br />
but I was bit curious and said <strong>to</strong> one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> research <strong>of</strong>ficers we should look at it. I was<br />
sure that was a turtle crawling <strong>to</strong>wards <strong>the</strong> hut, because <strong>the</strong> object reflected <strong>the</strong> moonlight<br />
by it's smooth surface. They quickly realised that it was a turtle crawling <strong>to</strong>wards <strong>the</strong>ir<br />
watch hut. The research <strong>of</strong>ficer who asked us <strong>to</strong> stay back until <strong>the</strong> Turtle start <strong>to</strong> dig its<br />
nest s<strong>to</strong>pped us. The time was around 9.30pm. According <strong>to</strong> a research <strong>of</strong>ficer during<br />
<strong>the</strong>se months only one or two turtles come <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> beach. However, during <strong>the</strong> peak<br />
nesting season number <strong>of</strong> turtles coming <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> beach goes up <strong>to</strong> 20 in one night.<br />
The research <strong>of</strong>ficers invited us <strong>to</strong> sit in <strong>the</strong>ir hut until it started laying eggs. We were <strong>to</strong>ld<br />
if <strong>the</strong> turtle is disturbed while its making its nest it possibly will crawl back <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> sea and<br />
lay eggs in <strong>the</strong> sea (which won't survive). Finally we were able <strong>to</strong> go closer <strong>to</strong> look at <strong>the</strong><br />
turtle. It was a Green Turtle (Chelonia mydas), which was about 4 feet long. We observed<br />
how it was laying eggs. Once <strong>the</strong> turtle s<strong>to</strong>p laying eggs <strong>the</strong> researchers <strong>to</strong>ok various<br />
measurements. Then <strong>the</strong> researchers <strong>to</strong>ld us that <strong>the</strong>re were more than 150 eggs laid, and<br />
it was a new turtle that visited <strong>the</strong> research site. They put a tag on its front left flipper for<br />
future identification. Finally after three hours <strong>the</strong> Green Turtle crawled back <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> sea.<br />
- Wicky Wickramasekara (Eco <strong>Holidays</strong>) on <strong>to</strong>ur with Scott Lyall reports a mating pair<br />
<strong>of</strong> Streak-throated Woodpecker at 11.00am on <strong>the</strong> Boralanda Road, Ohiya.<br />
- Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne with Lester Perera (Eco <strong>Holidays</strong>) visited Bodhingala<br />
on Friday 08 July 2005. They report as follows. "An overcast day with intermittent light<br />
showers. Despite <strong>the</strong> gloomy conditions, bird life was active. We arrived around 6.30 am.<br />
A pair <strong>of</strong> Green-billed Coucals called <strong>to</strong> each o<strong>the</strong>r for over an hour as <strong>the</strong>y foraged.<br />
Endemics seen or heard included Legge's Flowerpecker (singing a lot), Ceylon Hanging<br />
182
12/10/2007<br />
Parrot, Yellow-fronted Barbet, Spot-winged Thrush (h), Ceylon Spurfowl (h), Chestnutbacked<br />
Owlet (h), Ceylon Crested Drongo, Brown-capped Babbler (singing and calling).<br />
A male Trogon was foraging with two females. A Black-backed Dwarf Kingfisher was<br />
perched on <strong>the</strong> electricity wires. Honey Buzzard was heard. Sri Lanka Grey Hornbill was<br />
not seen or heard".<br />
- Chinthaka de Silva (Eco <strong>Holidays</strong>) reports a Great Frigatebird near <strong>the</strong> Mount Lavinia<br />
railway station at around 7.30am on 6 th July 2005. It was about 50 meters above him and<br />
he had identified it as a juvenile. He also reports a Large Oakleaf Butterfly on 7 th July at<br />
around 9.00am at <strong>the</strong> Rathmalana Rubber Research institute premises.<br />
- Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne reports on Friday 24 June 2005 from 155 Model Farm<br />
Road. "Around 4.10 pm, I observed a mixed species feeding flock in my garden<br />
comprising <strong>of</strong> Yellow-billed Babblers, a pair <strong>of</strong> White-bellied Drongo, Red-vented<br />
Bulbuls, a pair <strong>of</strong> Magpie Robins, Loten's Sunbirds, Purple-rumped Sunbirds and a<br />
Tailorbird and a Palm Squirrel. A <strong>to</strong>tal <strong>of</strong> seven species <strong>of</strong> bird and one mammal.<br />
Butterflies observed around 4.00 pm included Common Mormon (one was preyed by a<br />
Drongo), Common Mime, Common Palmflies (a pair in a terri<strong>to</strong>rial dispute), Psyche,<br />
Lime Butterfly, etc. A Common Mormon female <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> form aris<strong>to</strong>lochoides mimicking<br />
<strong>the</strong> Crimson Rose was observed. A Common Palmfly mimic <strong>of</strong> a Plain Tiger was also<br />
observed".<br />
- Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne, Wicky Wickremesekera, Ajanthan Shanthiratnam,<br />
Chandrika Maelge (Eco <strong>Holidays</strong>) and Zainab Ibrahim visited Sinharaja (on Sunday<br />
20 June 2005) where <strong>the</strong>y were joined by Deepal Warakagoda (Eco <strong>Holidays</strong>) with his<br />
client Chris<strong>to</strong>pher Scott and Uditha Hettige and Chinthaka de Silva (Eco <strong>Holidays</strong>). They<br />
observed a mixed species feeding flock <strong>of</strong> very good numbers and species in<br />
composition. Three Red-faced Malkohas were in flock with White-faced Starlings and<br />
Ashy-headed Laughingthrushes, which also had several Crested Drongos. O<strong>the</strong>r flock<br />
species present were Velvet-fronted Nuthatch, Yellow-naped Woodpecker, Black-naped<br />
Monarch, and Malabar Trogon.<br />
The Red-faced Malkohas were not disturbed by <strong>the</strong> presence <strong>of</strong> several observers and<br />
were preening <strong>the</strong>mselves in full view, albeit at a distance in <strong>the</strong> canopy. They have<br />
become very much easier <strong>to</strong> pho<strong>to</strong>graph in <strong>the</strong> last few years.<br />
Uditha and Chinthaka had also observed an interaction between what <strong>the</strong>y suspect <strong>to</strong> be<br />
rival pairs <strong>of</strong> Green-billed Coucals.<br />
O<strong>the</strong>r endemics seen or heard included Black-headed Bulbul, Layard's Parakeet (h),<br />
Scaly Thrush (h), Ceylon Spurfowl, (h), Blue Magpie (h), Grey Hornbill (h), Legge's<br />
Flowerpecker (h).<br />
183
12/10/2007<br />
Rajiv Welikala writes "I managed <strong>to</strong> arrange a trip <strong>to</strong> Yala during <strong>the</strong> Poson weekend<br />
(18-21 June). Little did I know that it would be <strong>the</strong> most rewarding safari ever. Although<br />
I have been going <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> jungles from a very young age I was never able <strong>to</strong> get a<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graph <strong>of</strong> a leopard. I only saw fleeting glimpses <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m crossing <strong>the</strong> road and on<br />
<strong>to</strong>p <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Patanangala rock, which was <strong>to</strong>o far for a clear shot. I was determined <strong>to</strong> get a<br />
pho<strong>to</strong> no matter what.<br />
On our first round itself we encountered two leopards, one a cub at Sudhuwelimulla<br />
which bolted at <strong>the</strong> first sight <strong>of</strong> us and also an adult female at Moda wala <strong>of</strong> whom I<br />
couldn’t take a picture because <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> "traffic jam". I was utterly frustrated. But <strong>to</strong> my<br />
luck <strong>the</strong> next day we managed <strong>to</strong> spot one at Koma Wewa but even at this occasion it was<br />
on <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tank and way <strong>to</strong>o far for a very good picture. But on my last trip<br />
<strong>to</strong> my luck we came across a beautiful leopard on <strong>the</strong> main road. It was in <strong>the</strong> middle <strong>of</strong><br />
relieving itself on <strong>the</strong> main road itself. And after which it slowly proceeded <strong>to</strong>wards<br />
Rakina wala.<br />
When we reached <strong>the</strong> waterhole <strong>the</strong>re was already a legion <strong>of</strong> jeeps looking at ano<strong>the</strong>r<br />
leopard walking across <strong>the</strong> bund. We on <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r hand conveniently parked ourselves at<br />
<strong>the</strong> best spot where we predicted <strong>the</strong> leopard will appear from, and <strong>to</strong> our luck our<br />
guesses were right. It walked up slowly sat down for a while and <strong>the</strong>m proceeded <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
water had had a drink for without exaggeration for about half an hour. I was speechless<br />
and it was barely ten meters from our jeep. I ended up taking at least 50 shots <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
beautiful creature. After it had drunk its fill it slowly walked back in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> bushes. And <strong>to</strong><br />
our amazing luck just outside <strong>the</strong> gate was an enormous tusker. I couldn’t believe our<br />
luck, five leopards in three park trips!!!!!!<br />
ARTICLES/TRIP REPORTS<br />
‘The Ga<strong>the</strong>ring’ <strong>of</strong> Elephants<br />
By Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne (Published in newspapers in July 2005)<br />
Over <strong>the</strong> next few days in Sri Lanka, one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> most awesome wildlife spectacles in <strong>the</strong><br />
world, will continue <strong>to</strong> ga<strong>the</strong>r pace. Over three hundred wild Asian Elephants converge<br />
for 'The Ga<strong>the</strong>ring".<br />
“Sri Lankan wildlife defies conventional wisdom”. Small islands are not supposed <strong>to</strong><br />
have large animals. Someone forgot <strong>to</strong> tell this <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> elephants, <strong>the</strong> largest terrestrial<br />
mammal. Not only is it found in Sri Lanka, <strong>the</strong> largest concentration <strong>of</strong> Asian Elephants,<br />
a seasonal ga<strong>the</strong>ring, takes place on this island.<br />
Every year, 'The Ga<strong>the</strong>ring' takes place on <strong>the</strong> receding shores <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Minneriya Lake, in<br />
<strong>the</strong> north central province <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka. As <strong>the</strong> dry season fastens its grip on <strong>the</strong> dry<br />
lowlands, leaves wi<strong>the</strong>r and fall in <strong>the</strong> dry deciduous forests, waterholes evaporate in<strong>to</strong><br />
cakes <strong>of</strong> cracked and parched mud. The elephants must move on in search <strong>of</strong> food and<br />
water.<br />
184
12/10/2007<br />
The elephants, sometimes numbering over an awe inspiring three hundred, converge on<strong>to</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> receding shores <strong>of</strong> Minneriya Tank. Nowhere else in <strong>the</strong> world will one find such a<br />
high concentration <strong>of</strong> wild Asian Elephants concentrated in<strong>to</strong> a few square kilometers. A<br />
fact confirmed by Jayantha Jayawardana author <strong>of</strong> The Elephant in Sri Lanka and a<br />
member <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> IUCN/Asian Elephant Specialist Group.<br />
‘The Ga<strong>the</strong>ring’ at Minneriya is a wonderful opportunity for wildlife enthusiasts and<br />
casual travellers <strong>to</strong> observe <strong>the</strong> social dynamics <strong>of</strong> elephants. Matriarchs lead <strong>the</strong>ir clans<br />
<strong>to</strong> water, <strong>the</strong> whole group taking care <strong>to</strong> safeguard <strong>the</strong> baby elephants that are always<br />
flanked by adults. The basic unit <strong>of</strong> family society is a mo<strong>the</strong>r and calf. Clans <strong>of</strong> related<br />
elephants will coalesce in<strong>to</strong> herds when <strong>the</strong>y converge on<strong>to</strong> Minneriya in search <strong>of</strong> a<br />
common quest for food, water, cover and mates. The smaller herds group in<strong>to</strong> even larger<br />
herds, sometimes numbering over a hundred elephants. Adult bulls mix freely, using <strong>the</strong>ir<br />
trunks <strong>to</strong> test <strong>the</strong> air for adult females who are receptive. When a bull elephant attains<br />
maturity, he is expelled from <strong>the</strong> herd and wanders as a bachelor. At <strong>the</strong> ga<strong>the</strong>ring<br />
elephants that have not seen each o<strong>the</strong>r for a year, renew acquaintances. Bulls tussle for<br />
dominance and calves play with each o<strong>the</strong>r.<br />
The Minneriya Tank or reservoir is an ancient man made lake constructed by King<br />
Mahasen in <strong>the</strong> 3rd century AD. Many centuries ago, <strong>the</strong>se lowlands were farmed for<br />
agriculture by an ancient civilization whose mastery <strong>of</strong> hydraulics was remarkably<br />
sophisticated. Today, <strong>the</strong> ancient reservoir fills during <strong>the</strong> Nor<strong>the</strong>ast monsoon and<br />
gradually shrinks as <strong>the</strong> dry season fasten <strong>the</strong> lowlands in a <strong>to</strong>rpid grip. As <strong>the</strong> waters<br />
recede, lush grassland sprouts attracting elephants in search <strong>of</strong> food from far away as <strong>the</strong><br />
jungles <strong>of</strong> Wasgomuwa and Trincomalee. The lake always retains some water and is<br />
surrounded by scrub jungle, which provides shade during <strong>the</strong> heat <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> day. The Asian<br />
Elephant is a shade-loving animal. It is not endowed with as good an air conditioning<br />
system as its African cousin who has large ears. As evening falls, <strong>the</strong> elephants emerge<br />
from <strong>the</strong> scrub, in small herds <strong>of</strong> tens, coalescing in<strong>to</strong> larger herds, sometimes numbering<br />
over a hundred.<br />
The 'Ga<strong>the</strong>ring' is one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> most unforgettable and fantastic events in <strong>the</strong> international<br />
wildlife calendar”.<br />
Key Facts<br />
When should I visit?<br />
The Ga<strong>the</strong>ring peaks during <strong>the</strong> months <strong>of</strong> August and September. The locals will know<br />
whe<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong> herds are ga<strong>the</strong>red at Minneriya National Park or whe<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong> nearby<br />
Kaudulla National Park <strong>of</strong>fers better viewing at a particular time. Be guided by local<br />
advice and be flexible as <strong>to</strong> which <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> parks you visit.<br />
Why is it called ‘The Ga<strong>the</strong>ring’?<br />
Because that is what it is. It is a seasonal movement <strong>of</strong> elephants and not quite a<br />
migration in <strong>the</strong> sense <strong>of</strong> what biologists mean by a migration.<br />
185
12/10/2007<br />
How should I visit?<br />
Choose a reputable <strong>to</strong>ur opera<strong>to</strong>r who can make your arrangements for accommodation,<br />
park entry fees, safari jeep hire, etc. Hotels in <strong>the</strong> neighbourhood can also make<br />
arrangements for jeep safaris.<br />
What else can I do?<br />
Minneriya, which is <strong>the</strong> focus <strong>of</strong> ‘The Ga<strong>the</strong>ring’, is at <strong>the</strong> center <strong>of</strong> one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> richest<br />
areas for culture and archaeology. The magnificent ancient cities <strong>of</strong> Anuradhapura and<br />
Polonnaruwa, <strong>the</strong> rock fortress palace <strong>of</strong> Kasyappa at Sigiriya, <strong>the</strong> Golden Rock Temple<br />
<strong>of</strong> Dambulla, are all within a half day's excursion. Wildlife enthusiasts may like <strong>to</strong> go<br />
fur<strong>the</strong>r <strong>to</strong> Wilpattu National Park or go primate watching or birdwatching in <strong>the</strong> many<br />
forests patches in <strong>the</strong> area. Many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> country's finest hotels are also in <strong>the</strong> area.<br />
Folklore and Wild Life <strong>of</strong> Yala National Park Sri Lanka<br />
By Suriya Kumara Jayalath<br />
Research Student (MA) – University <strong>of</strong> Kelaniya<br />
Folk Lore and Wild Life Researcher – Sri Lanka<br />
An introduction in brief <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> his<strong>to</strong>ry <strong>of</strong> Ruhuna certainly is pivotal prior <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
projection <strong>of</strong> your mind <strong>to</strong>wards <strong>the</strong> education <strong>of</strong> Yala Folklore and its Wild Life. Our<br />
Country was constituted <strong>of</strong> three ruling states namely, Ruhuna, Maya, and Pihiti in <strong>the</strong><br />
past. These three states were also known as <strong>the</strong> “Three Sinhalaya” it was so found for <strong>the</strong><br />
first time in <strong>the</strong> rock inscriptions originated by Queen Leelawathie. The present his<strong>to</strong>ry <strong>of</strong><br />
Ruhuna has its nucleus emerging from Dambadiva [India].<br />
There were several Ambassadors who were in <strong>the</strong> retinue <strong>of</strong> Vijaya, soon after <strong>the</strong> arrival<br />
did start building settlements in <strong>the</strong> Country. King Amithodana who happened <strong>to</strong> be one<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m had a son by <strong>the</strong> name <strong>of</strong> Pandushakkya, King Amithodana was a bro<strong>the</strong>r <strong>of</strong><br />
King Suddhodana <strong>the</strong> fa<strong>the</strong>r <strong>of</strong> Prince Siddhartha. Pandushakkya became a fa<strong>the</strong>r <strong>of</strong><br />
seven sons and one daughter whose name was Bhaddakachchayana. Her mo<strong>the</strong>r was<br />
Susima Devi.<br />
Bahaddhakachchayana was sent on board <strong>of</strong> a ship and floated in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> sea proclaiming<br />
that a suitable one would marry her. Eventually Princess Bhaddhakachchayana had been<br />
brought ashore and she disembarked at Gokanna in Lakdiva. Having come <strong>to</strong> know <strong>the</strong><br />
incident, Prince Tissa immediately proceeded <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> place and <strong>to</strong>ok her in marriage. Out<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r seven sons, six excluding Gamini, on information came <strong>to</strong> Lakdiva and<br />
constituted <strong>the</strong>ir own Capitals in different places in Lakdiva according <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir choices.<br />
The names <strong>of</strong> those capitals were Rama, Guruwela, Anuradha, Vijitha, Deegayu and<br />
Rohana.<br />
The ruling state which was constituted by <strong>the</strong> Prince Rohana was later expanded up <strong>to</strong><br />
Yala National Park. King Pandukabhaya <strong>the</strong> son <strong>of</strong> Ummada Chitra and Deega Gamini<br />
ruled Lakdiva for 37 years; King Mutaseeva for 60 years. After his death King<br />
Devanampiyatissa was crowned. Mahawamsa says that <strong>the</strong> second bro<strong>the</strong>r <strong>of</strong><br />
186
12/10/2007<br />
Devanampiyatissa built a tank near Walaskema. His Queen gave birth <strong>to</strong> a son in <strong>the</strong><br />
close proximity <strong>to</strong> Yatala Temple, and named <strong>the</strong> newly born child as Yatalatissa. After<br />
<strong>the</strong> death <strong>of</strong> King Yatalatissa his son Gotabhaya became <strong>the</strong> King. Consequently his son<br />
Kawantissa was crowned. During Kawantissa’s reign <strong>the</strong> great Magulmahaviharaya and<br />
Sithulpawwa cum Chittalapabbatha Temple were built in <strong>the</strong> outset <strong>of</strong> Yala which is in<br />
Block I <strong>of</strong> Yala. After his passing away, King Dutugemunu brought <strong>the</strong> country under<br />
one flag. A book that contains <strong>the</strong> plans and boundaries <strong>of</strong> Ruhuna, is said <strong>to</strong> have been<br />
compiled during <strong>the</strong> Gampola period. It indicates <strong>the</strong> boundaries f as <strong>of</strong> Ruhuna as from<br />
<strong>the</strong> River Kaluganga from Kalutara and River Mahaveli and University <strong>of</strong> Peradeniya<br />
from Kandy, were <strong>the</strong> boundaries within which <strong>the</strong> great extent <strong>of</strong> land <strong>of</strong> Ruhuna was.<br />
As per <strong>the</strong> rock inscriptions <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> “Galge” [Rock House] at Boatta which is situated in<br />
between <strong>the</strong> Kumana National Park and Block II <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Yala National Park, one Prince<br />
that goes on by <strong>the</strong> name Uthi has been identified as one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ten bro<strong>the</strong>r Kings by Dr.<br />
Paranavithana <strong>the</strong> archeologist.<br />
Mahanagahula was <strong>the</strong> second capital <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> old Ruhuna. It was divided in<strong>to</strong> two<br />
“Pattus”. The Nagam Pattu was subdivided in<strong>to</strong> “Dolos Rata” and “Atadahas Rata”<br />
which means land <strong>of</strong> 12,000 and 8,000. Sithulpawwa <strong>the</strong> forest temple comes under <strong>the</strong><br />
“Atadahas Rata” and Tissamaharamaya, <strong>the</strong> village temple in “Dolosdahas Rata” where<br />
many his<strong>to</strong>rical places like Yodha Wewa, Yodha Kandiya, Degundara Wewa, Digan<br />
Wala, Kota Bendi Wewa, Athuru Mithuru Wewa, Buthuwa Wewa, Dharshana Wewa,<br />
Bandu Wewa, Rakina Wala, Wilapala Wewa, Indigolla Wewa, Nimalawa, Gigumdara<br />
Kanda, Kirindi Viharaya and in <strong>the</strong> place where <strong>the</strong> most olden art <strong>of</strong> swan line pattern is<br />
drawn.<br />
Also <strong>the</strong> Akasa Chaithya, Gonagalla Chaithya, Padikkema, Modaragala, Katagamuwa,<br />
Nandimittra Chaithya, Kanabisaw Galge, Goyamkola Maya Gala, Mandagala, <strong>the</strong> holy<br />
place which is said <strong>to</strong> have been <strong>the</strong> Temple <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> great God Kataragama alias <strong>the</strong><br />
residence <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> God <strong>of</strong> Siyambalewa. The above shown places would reveal <strong>the</strong><br />
his<strong>to</strong>rical background. The life sustenance plant, which comes in <strong>the</strong> traditional medical<br />
prescriptions, is a herbal plant that even a patient in his last breath can be cured. This<br />
plant is found in Block I <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> great Yala forest.<br />
There are is folklore <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> effect that <strong>the</strong> origin <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> name Patangala was that it was<br />
<strong>the</strong> place where cargo was loaded in<strong>to</strong> ships.<br />
Yala was proclaimed a forest reserve on 23 rd March, 1900. A Boer prisoner <strong>of</strong> war by <strong>the</strong><br />
name <strong>of</strong> Engelbrecht was brought <strong>to</strong> Ceylon in 1907. Subsequently he was appointed as<br />
<strong>the</strong> first warden <strong>of</strong> Yala.<br />
Kudumbigala Sanctuary hails in serenity and <strong>the</strong> fragrance <strong>of</strong> “Seela” spread over<br />
Kumana with <strong>the</strong> blessing <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Kudumbigala Temple along with <strong>the</strong> Skanda Devalaya.<br />
The Chief Incumbent <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Kudumbigala Temple says, that <strong>the</strong>re had been some<br />
Kutumbi families in <strong>the</strong> Kudumbigala area in <strong>the</strong> past. Also <strong>the</strong> place where <strong>the</strong> Okanda<br />
Devale alias Murugan Devale is treated as <strong>the</strong> original Holy Land <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> deity<br />
Kataragama<br />
187
12/10/2007<br />
The Folk Life <strong>of</strong> Yala is filled with a lot <strong>of</strong> tales, and much literature can be seen both in<br />
past and present. The Kings and <strong>the</strong> Tenfold skilled Giants had built various religious<br />
centres in <strong>the</strong> Holy Land. Sithulpawwa, where 12,000 Arahants lived was one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m.<br />
The fisheries wadies at Patanangala and <strong>the</strong> hunters from Nimalawa Banduwewa, who<br />
are residing in close by Chenas are really a menace <strong>to</strong> this Holy Land.<br />
Regarding Folklore, Folk Life and Wild Life <strong>the</strong> dissertations [Project Report] written by<br />
me for my Masters Degree and an Exhibition <strong>of</strong> pho<strong>to</strong>graphs <strong>of</strong> folklore and wild life was<br />
presented at an exhibition which was held in <strong>the</strong> Harold Peiris Art Gallery <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Lionel<br />
Wendt Theatre on 2 nd , 3 rd , and 4 th September, 2005.<br />
Chance and <strong>to</strong>lerance are two important things that a Pho<strong>to</strong>grapher should possess while<br />
in <strong>the</strong> jungle. I realized it myself when I was engaged in taking <strong>the</strong> pho<strong>to</strong>graphs <strong>of</strong> wild<br />
animals. There are some folk s<strong>to</strong>ries in relation <strong>to</strong> names given <strong>to</strong> various wild animals<br />
“Dum Bonna” [Indian Roller] which is given <strong>to</strong> those who came <strong>to</strong> peck insects that are<br />
attracted <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> rising smoke during <strong>the</strong> burning <strong>of</strong> Chenas. “Sivuru Hora”, “Diviya”,<br />
“Ulama” <strong>to</strong>o are subjects for such folk s<strong>to</strong>ries. Especially <strong>the</strong> “White Elephant” which I<br />
came across in <strong>the</strong> Yala jungle, has become a popular subject among <strong>the</strong> folk s<strong>to</strong>ries.<br />
King Wessantara had given in alms a white elephant, Queen Mahamaya Devi <strong>to</strong>o<br />
dreamed <strong>of</strong> a white elephant, God Saman riding on a white elephant, are some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m<br />
The white elephant that was caught in my pho<strong>to</strong>graphs was a unique situation,<br />
notwithstanding <strong>the</strong> fact that <strong>the</strong> pr<strong>of</strong>ile seen by anyone from <strong>the</strong> sea when looking at <strong>the</strong><br />
Minihagalkanda <strong>the</strong> view resembles a man and it has a long his<strong>to</strong>ry coming down from<br />
Ravana’s period. Those days <strong>the</strong> area had been thickly populated<br />
I take this opportunity <strong>to</strong> extend my sincere thanks <strong>to</strong> those who assisted me<br />
during <strong>the</strong> research work namely <strong>the</strong> members <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Department <strong>of</strong> Wildlife<br />
Conservation and Forest Conservation, Messrs. Fuji Films (Private) Limited, <strong>Jetwing</strong><br />
Hotels and <strong>Jetwing</strong> Eco <strong>Holidays</strong>, Toyota Lanka (Private) Limited and <strong>to</strong> Mr. Ranjith De<br />
Silva <strong>of</strong> Olga Studio who joined with me in taking pho<strong>to</strong>graphs, all Incumbents <strong>of</strong><br />
Nimalawa and Situlpawwa Viharas, Mr. Gamini Dela Bandara, <strong>the</strong> head <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
department <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sinhala Faculty, Kelaniya University, Dr. Chandrasiri Palliyaguru my<br />
Teacher and Supervisor <strong>of</strong> my research work, Mr. Leonard Mayadunna, Mr. Kumara<br />
Banda and Mr. Ajantha <strong>the</strong> Forest Warden and all o<strong>the</strong>rs who helped me in various ways.<br />
NEW PUBLICATIONS<br />
Birds Sounds <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka, Habitat Edition 2005 By Deepal Warakagoda<br />
'This audiotape <strong>the</strong> Habitat Edition <strong>of</strong> The Birds Sounds <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka was created for<br />
listeners <strong>to</strong> experience <strong>the</strong> sounds <strong>of</strong> birds in 8 major habitat types <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka. For <strong>the</strong><br />
first time in <strong>the</strong> series soundscapes featuring birds as well as o<strong>the</strong>r sounds <strong>of</strong> nature are<br />
presented, and one is provided for each <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> 8 habitats.<br />
188
12/10/2007<br />
All sounds in this compilation were recorded in <strong>the</strong> wild and in <strong>the</strong> relevant habitat types<br />
by Deepal Warakagoda from 1999-2004.<br />
It consists <strong>of</strong> 105 species <strong>of</strong> birds with 19 endemics. It is hoped that <strong>the</strong> work will assist<br />
listeners <strong>to</strong> identify and appreciate many distinctive bird sounds heard throughout Sri<br />
Lanka and that it will inspire <strong>the</strong>m <strong>to</strong> respect and conserve <strong>the</strong> Sri Lanka’s biodiversity.<br />
Side A consists <strong>of</strong> Birds <strong>of</strong> Rainforest, Marshes, lagoons & Town gardens. Side B <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
cassette consists <strong>of</strong> bird sound <strong>of</strong> Hills, Dry forest, Grassland & Scrubland & Night birds<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> dry zone'.<br />
Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne comments on, <strong>the</strong> quality <strong>of</strong> recording as excellent and most<br />
useful for birdwatchers <strong>to</strong> learn <strong>the</strong> calls <strong>of</strong> different bird in <strong>the</strong>ir habitats.<br />
Field Guide <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Birds <strong>of</strong> Sou<strong>the</strong>rn India<br />
by Richard Grimmett, Tim Inskipp<br />
RRP £24.99 , ISBN 0713651644 , Format Paperback 240 pages. 216x135 mm.<br />
'This guide is a successor <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> much acclaimed Birds <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Indian Subcontinent by <strong>the</strong><br />
same authors. Covering sou<strong>the</strong>rn India, <strong>the</strong> superb plates re accompanied by a succinct<br />
text highlighting identification, voice, habitat, altitudinal range, distribution and status.<br />
The text is on facing pages <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> plates, for easy reference.<br />
Like previous guides covering Bhutan, Nor<strong>the</strong>rn India and Nepal, this guide is a perfect<br />
size for use in <strong>the</strong> field and will be an essential companion when visiting this region'.<br />
Birds <strong>of</strong> South Asia. The Ripley Guide<br />
Vols. 1 and 2<br />
By Pamela C. Rasmussen and John C. Ander<strong>to</strong>n<br />
Illustrated by John Ander<strong>to</strong>n, Ian Lewing<strong>to</strong>n, Hilary Burn, Tom Schultz, N. John Schmitt,<br />
Larry B. McQueen, Hans Peeters, Jonathan Alderfer, Albert E. Gilbert, Bill Zetterstrom,<br />
Kristin Williams, Cynthia House<br />
Smithsonian Institution and Lynx Edicions, 2005<br />
'Birds <strong>of</strong> South Asia. The Ripley Guide is a comprehensive, two-volume, up-<strong>to</strong>-date<br />
work covering <strong>the</strong> over 2500 known and likely taxa <strong>of</strong> birds <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> spectacularly diverse<br />
Indian subcontinent including, for <strong>the</strong> first time, Afghanistan and <strong>the</strong> Chagos<br />
Archipelago. Volume 1 is a Field Guide, bound separately for portability, while Volume<br />
2 (Attributes and Status) contains much more detailed information.<br />
Volume 1 (Field Guide):<br />
189
12/10/2007<br />
- Over 3400 illustrations appear in 180 plates painted especially for this book by expert<br />
artists. These depict virtually all species and most distinctive subspecies and plumages,<br />
some <strong>of</strong> which appear in no o<strong>the</strong>r guide.<br />
- Over 1450 colour maps, based primarily on verified records, represent <strong>the</strong> ranges <strong>of</strong><br />
each regularly occurring species and many distinctive races, and distinguish migra<strong>to</strong>ry<br />
routes from winter ranges.<br />
- Maps are annotated as <strong>to</strong> geographic variation, status, and habitat.<br />
- Concise texts give <strong>the</strong> information necessary <strong>to</strong> identify each species .<br />
- To assist in locating groups within <strong>the</strong> text, illustrated plate keys are provided in <strong>the</strong><br />
endpapers.<br />
Vol. 2 (Attributes and Status):<br />
- Contains much new information and many taxonomic treatments.<br />
- Alternative names are listed and taxonomic issues are summarized.<br />
- Specimen measurements specially taken for this book are presented for each species.<br />
- Complete data about identification, status and distribution, and habits are provided for<br />
each species.<br />
- Problematic records are mentioned.<br />
- Vocalizations are described from recordings, and <strong>the</strong>re are over 1000 sonagrams.<br />
- Appendices include <strong>the</strong> region s first hypo<strong>the</strong>tical species list, a gazetteer, brief<br />
ornithological his<strong>to</strong>ries, and lists <strong>of</strong> taxonomic changes, regional specimen holdings, and<br />
threatened species.<br />
- A comprehensive index allows users <strong>to</strong> find whatever names are most familiar <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>m.<br />
- Maps indicate geopolitical names, <strong>to</strong>pography, habitats, and bird species diversity and<br />
endemism'.<br />
Handbook <strong>to</strong> Indian Wetland Birds and <strong>the</strong>ir Conservation<br />
Kumar, A., Sati, JP, Tak, PC & Alfred, JRB (2005) Handbook on Indian Wetland<br />
Birds and <strong>the</strong>ir Conservation: xxvi+468 (Published by Direc<strong>to</strong>r, Zool. Surv. India)<br />
'The Handbook provides extensive information on 310 wetland bird species from India. It<br />
is divided in seven chapters, with eight appendices and Index for scientific and English<br />
names <strong>of</strong> Indian wetland birds.<br />
The first chapter <strong>of</strong> Introduction covers information on Biogeography <strong>of</strong> India, Wetland<br />
Birds and <strong>the</strong>ir Values, Habitats, Heronries, Migration, Major Waterbird Flyways,<br />
Watching Wetland Birds and bird pho<strong>to</strong>graphy.<br />
The second chapter provides a complete Checklist <strong>of</strong> 310 species <strong>of</strong> Wetland Birds in a<br />
tabular form with <strong>the</strong>ir residential, abundance, conservation and threatened status,<br />
population trend, threshold number, etc. Detail information on diagnostic field characters,<br />
habits, habitats, voice, status and distribution in India, south Asia, as well as in <strong>the</strong>ir<br />
190
12/10/2007<br />
biogeographical range has been provided in this chapter. Each species text is furnished<br />
with pho<strong>to</strong>graph (s) and a drawing, highlighting <strong>the</strong> diagnostics in <strong>the</strong> plate, and a colour<br />
distribution map.<br />
In <strong>the</strong> third chapter, <strong>the</strong>ir residential, abundance and conservation status has been<br />
discussed. For all <strong>the</strong> Globally Threatened, Near Threatened and Data Deficient species<br />
separate pho<strong>to</strong>graphic plate are given.<br />
Chapter 4 covers <strong>the</strong> socio economic values (direct and indirect use values), threats and<br />
<strong>the</strong> conservation measures in relation <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> wetlands and <strong>the</strong> wetland birds.<br />
Chapter 5 covers <strong>the</strong> protected area network with information about 19 Ramsar,<br />
Montreux, and World Heritage sites, Important Bird areas (IBAs) and Sacred wetlands in<br />
India. It tabulates state wise information on 99 Waterbird Sanctuaries, National Parks,<br />
and Ramsar Sites with <strong>the</strong>ir year <strong>of</strong> establishment, X & Y co-ordinates, Bio-geographic<br />
unit, and area in km2.<br />
The chapter six <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Handbook deals with <strong>the</strong> Framework for Conservation covering<br />
various aspects such as, National policies, laws and legislation, International conventions/<br />
Agreements like Ramsar Convention, Convention on Migra<strong>to</strong>ry Species (CMS),<br />
Convention on Biodiversity (CBD), CITES, and bilateral Agreements on protection <strong>of</strong><br />
migra<strong>to</strong>ry birds between India and former USSR and Russia. Co-ordination <strong>of</strong> Action in<br />
Asia Region under Asia-Pacific Conservation Initiative and <strong>the</strong> strategy for conservation<br />
<strong>of</strong> migra<strong>to</strong>ry species have been discussed in details. Five major Key habitats for<br />
threatened wetland birds and <strong>the</strong> species <strong>the</strong>y are supporting have been discussed.<br />
Fur<strong>the</strong>r, this chapter also briefly <strong>to</strong>uches on,<br />
Mandate <strong>of</strong> various Government and Non- Governmental Organisations working with <strong>the</strong><br />
wetlands and wetland birds at national and International level.<br />
Accession <strong>to</strong> international conventions and various initiatives under Convention on<br />
Wetlands, and role <strong>of</strong> Remote Sensing in assessment <strong>of</strong> waterfowl habitat have been<br />
appended <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Handbook.<br />
As India supports such a large number <strong>of</strong> migra<strong>to</strong>ry species, birds that fly between<br />
countries on an annual basis from <strong>the</strong> Russian arctic <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Maldives across nor<strong>the</strong>rn,<br />
Central, South and West Asia, this publication is <strong>of</strong> great relevance <strong>to</strong> people throughout<br />
<strong>the</strong> region.<br />
We strongly believe that this publication will be a valuable reference <strong>to</strong> anyone interested<br />
in wetland birds and conservation, including bird watchers, schools, research institutions,<br />
foresters, government agencies and o<strong>the</strong>rs, many <strong>of</strong> whom <strong>of</strong>ten have limited means <strong>to</strong><br />
access many reference and field books. This will be <strong>the</strong> first step <strong>to</strong>wards being able <strong>to</strong><br />
provide <strong>the</strong>m <strong>the</strong> means and training <strong>to</strong> identify and conserve waterbirds.<br />
As it not only includes <strong>the</strong> plates, maps and text <strong>to</strong> identify and enjoy Wetland birds, but<br />
also provides a wealth <strong>of</strong> information relevant <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir Conservation, many hundred <strong>of</strong><br />
191
12/10/2007<br />
bird watchers who participate in Asian Waterfowl census will find <strong>the</strong> handbook <strong>of</strong> great<br />
benefit <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir efforts.<br />
The handbook is a true example <strong>of</strong> cooperation by birders internationally and <strong>the</strong> authors<br />
have also aptly demonstrated <strong>the</strong> need <strong>to</strong> co-operate and share our knowledge by<br />
producing a book with contributions from people around <strong>the</strong> Globe'.<br />
Visit <strong>the</strong> website below for details about <strong>the</strong> handbook.<br />
http://www.weblineinfos<strong>of</strong>t.com/zsi/hbiwb.pdf or contact Arun Kumar, "Nishtha", 14/3<br />
Balbir Road, Dehra Dun 248 001, India. Tel: 91-135-267 1826. Email<br />
drarunk@sancharnet.in<br />
RSPB Children's Guide <strong>to</strong> Birdwatching by David Chandler, Mike Unwin<br />
ISBN 0713671572 Format, Paperback 128 pages. 207x140 mm. RRP £9.99<br />
'This new RSPB-endorsed book is a practical, exciting and comprehensive introduction <strong>to</strong><br />
watching birds, for children aged 8-12 years. Lavishly illustrated throughout with fullcolour<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphs and paintings, it begins by discussing general birding - where <strong>to</strong> go<br />
and when, what equipment <strong>to</strong> take with you, tips on attracting birds <strong>to</strong> your garden, how<br />
<strong>to</strong> take field notes etc. The second half <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> book comprises a field guide <strong>to</strong> more than a<br />
hundred and thirty <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> commonest species <strong>of</strong> Britain and Ireland, using clear<br />
illustrations backed up by concise, straightforward text describing key identification<br />
points, such as behaviour, voice and habitat.<br />
This informative and lively book will greatly enhance children's enjoyment <strong>of</strong><br />
birdwatching, and will help <strong>to</strong> engender a lifetime <strong>of</strong> enthusiasm for birds and birding'.<br />
Out soon<br />
With <strong>the</strong> Dawn by Nihal Fernando & Herbert Keuneman. Published by Studio Times<br />
Ltd.<br />
Based on <strong>the</strong> Exhibition Wild Life '73, an epic poem in words and pho<strong>to</strong>graphs which<br />
unfolds <strong>the</strong> s<strong>to</strong>ry <strong>of</strong> life in <strong>the</strong> jungle. 230 pgs, 200 black & white pho<strong>to</strong>graphs, 18cm x<br />
19cm (portrait), duo<strong>to</strong>ne printing in Korea. Two editions - Standard & Deluxe. Can be<br />
purchased now at prepublication discount. Closing Date for Prepublication Offer: 16th<br />
Dec. 2005.<br />
Contact: Studio Times Ltd., 16/1 Skel<strong>to</strong>n Road, Colombo 5, + 94 11 2589062, + 94 11<br />
595569. studiot@sltnet.lk. www.studiotimes.net<br />
PRESS RELEASES<br />
Hakgala Strict Natural Reserve: A Statement from Environmental Foundation Ltd<br />
(EFL)<br />
Is forest loss drying up our water?<br />
192
12/10/2007<br />
The Environmental Foundation Limited warns <strong>the</strong> general public <strong>of</strong> an impending water<br />
crisis, as <strong>the</strong>re seems <strong>to</strong> be no visible action taken <strong>to</strong> halt illegal encroachment and<br />
degradation <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka’s rapidly decreasing forest cover. Now down <strong>to</strong> only 20% <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
<strong>to</strong>tal land area, it is within <strong>the</strong>se areas, water; <strong>the</strong> most vital fac<strong>to</strong>r for human wellbeing,<br />
is secured and maintained. In view <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> inevitable crisis in s<strong>to</strong>re for Sri Lanka in <strong>the</strong><br />
near future, <strong>the</strong> preservation <strong>of</strong> our forests, especially <strong>the</strong> Protected Areas, needs <strong>to</strong> be<br />
done immediately and encroachers removed.<br />
EFL’s Policy Paper, Hakgala Strict Natural Reserve: is forest loss drying up our water?<br />
issued <strong>to</strong>day, is a follow up <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> joint Open Forum on <strong>the</strong> preservation and protection <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> Hakgala Strict Natural Reserve (HSNR) held on July 27, <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r with <strong>the</strong><br />
Department <strong>of</strong> Wildlife Conservation (DWLC), where stakeholders, including<br />
conservationists, o<strong>the</strong>r environmental NGOs, key governmental organisations and<br />
institutions, wildlife enthusiasts as well as members <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> press met <strong>to</strong> discuss a way <strong>to</strong><br />
end <strong>the</strong> destruction <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> HSNR. The Open Forum paved way for <strong>the</strong> establishment <strong>of</strong><br />
closer ties with media organisations, through which a large audience could be reached in<br />
<strong>the</strong> protection and conservation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> natural environment.<br />
Why preserve our forests?<br />
Although <strong>the</strong> HSNR cover less than 0.02% <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka’s <strong>to</strong>tal land area and 0.12% <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> Protected Areas estate, its importance in terms <strong>of</strong> ecological, hydrological and<br />
economic value, far exceeds its proportions. A well conserved forest, acts as a cover for<br />
collecting rainfall, while minimising <strong>the</strong> loss <strong>of</strong> water. It also acts as a barrier that helps<br />
s<strong>to</strong>p soil erosion and sedimentation <strong>of</strong> waterways. Water, as a resource, is vital and<br />
precious as it is finite in supply, with demand for its use growing rapidly. This situation<br />
will not change but <strong>the</strong> quality and quantity <strong>of</strong> ground water will continue <strong>to</strong> decline. In<br />
this light, preservation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> HSNR, an important watershed area that also helps <strong>to</strong><br />
safeguard several o<strong>the</strong>r goods and services that are indispensable for sustaining human<br />
livelihoods and economic security, must be <strong>to</strong>p priority.<br />
Blatant disregard <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Rule <strong>of</strong> Law<br />
Disregard for <strong>the</strong> law <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> land continues while our natural resources are used, abused<br />
with little or no regard for its preservation for <strong>the</strong> future. These Protected Areas were<br />
declared such, as <strong>the</strong>ir importance as ecologically sensitive areas were recognised by<br />
policy makers many years ago. However <strong>to</strong>day, <strong>the</strong> illegal encroachment and rapid<br />
deforestation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> same, will spell eventual developmental and economic doom for <strong>the</strong><br />
country.<br />
A Call for Action<br />
EFL calls on <strong>the</strong> government and people <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka <strong>to</strong> band <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r <strong>to</strong> preserve this<br />
miniscule 0.02% <strong>of</strong> <strong>to</strong>tal land area so that <strong>the</strong> SNRs <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> country along with o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
Protected Areas will not be cleared and responsible authorities under whose purview,<br />
protection <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m fall, succumb <strong>to</strong> cheap political pressure aimed only at gaining<br />
political mileage.<br />
EFL <strong>the</strong>refore calls for:<br />
193
12/10/2007<br />
· The urgent eviction <strong>of</strong> all occupants <strong>of</strong> SNRs and o<strong>the</strong>r Protected Areas, irrespective <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong>ir period <strong>of</strong> occupation or extent <strong>of</strong> holding.<br />
· An immediate halt <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> encroachment <strong>of</strong> ecologically sensitive sites.<br />
· A clear demarcation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> physical boundaries <strong>of</strong> SNRs, and enforcement <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se.<br />
·Stated commitment from all political parties <strong>to</strong> uphold <strong>the</strong> laws regarding nature<br />
protection and <strong>to</strong> disallow squatting in SNRs.<br />
· A concrete pledge by <strong>the</strong> government and its donors <strong>to</strong> undertake concrete measures <strong>to</strong><br />
streng<strong>the</strong>n <strong>the</strong> agencies that are charged with maintaining <strong>the</strong> country’s precious<br />
biodiversity, especially <strong>the</strong> Wildlife Department and Forest Department.<br />
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
SRI LANKA WILDLIFE NEWS is an ad-hoc e-mail <strong>of</strong> birding and wildlife events,<br />
sightings and short notes <strong>of</strong> interest <strong>to</strong> birders, pho<strong>to</strong>graphers, conservationists etc. To<br />
receive a copy, please e-mail gehan.slwn@jetwing.lk with "Subscribe Wildlife News" in<br />
<strong>the</strong> subject header. SLWN values your privacy, <strong>to</strong> be removed, e-mail with “Unsubscribe<br />
Wildlife News” in <strong>the</strong> header. Please e-mail your sightings, events etc <strong>to</strong><br />
gehan.slwn@jetwing.lk. The media are welcome <strong>to</strong> extract details, but please attribute <strong>the</strong><br />
source and author(s). Past issues are on www.jetwingeco.com<br />
APRIL - JUNE 2005<br />
SRI LANKA WILDLIFE NEWS (April-June 2005)<br />
- A compilation by Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne & Ayanthi Samarajewa (June 2005)<br />
HIGHLIGHTS<br />
[*] Flamingos in Bundala, Amphibians and reptiles at Kithulgala. See BIRDING &<br />
WILDLIFE NEWS.<br />
[*] Flowering Trees <strong>of</strong> Colombo (Sriyanie Miththapala), Sri Lanka Travel Reports by<br />
Lewis Borg Cardona and Mike Hillman See ARTICLES.<br />
[*] New books include Birds <strong>of</strong> South Asia. The Ripley Guide By Pamela C. Rasmussen<br />
and John C. Ander<strong>to</strong>n, Handbook <strong>to</strong> Indian Wetland Birds and <strong>the</strong>ir Conservation and<br />
RSPB Children's Guide <strong>to</strong> Birdwatching. See NEW BOOKS.<br />
EVENTS SUMMARY<br />
- Thursday 07 July, WNPS Lecture by Srilal Miththapala. 6.00 pm at <strong>the</strong> SLAAS<br />
Audi<strong>to</strong>rium (Sri Lanka Association for <strong>the</strong> Advancement <strong>of</strong> Science). Vidya Mawatha.<br />
Colombo 07. Topic: ‘Elephants <strong>of</strong> Udawalawe’<br />
- Saturday 25 June, Lecture series on birds for beginners. 9.30am - 12.00. NBLT,<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Colombo, Colombo 3. Field Ornithology Group <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka (FOGSL)<br />
Lecture Series. Topic and speaker <strong>to</strong> be finalised.<br />
194
12/10/2007<br />
BIRDING & WILDLIFE NEWS<br />
On 1 st June 2005 Wicky Wickremesekera (Eco <strong>Holidays</strong>) was pleasantly surprised <strong>to</strong><br />
hear <strong>the</strong> call <strong>of</strong> a White-naped Woodpecker (Black-backed Golden Woodpecker) at<br />
Mathammana Village, in between Minuwangoda and Udu Gamplola in <strong>the</strong> Western<br />
Province (Gampaha District). He investigated and had a clear look at a pair <strong>of</strong> Whitenaped<br />
Woodpeckers.<br />
There had been some o<strong>the</strong>r records <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> White-naped Woodpecker as well. On 12 April,<br />
Wicky also observed a pair <strong>of</strong> White-naped Woodpeckers at Maha Wewa, on <strong>the</strong> Chilaw<br />
Road, approximately 65 km from Colombo. On ano<strong>the</strong>r occasion on 19 March 2005 Eco<br />
<strong>Holidays</strong> Chauffeur Guide Hetti also observed a White-naped Woodpecker at Doona<br />
Gaha near Negombo.<br />
Sarinda Unamboowe reports 320+ Greater Flamingos from Bundala on 1 st June 2005.<br />
On Saturday 14 May 2005 Gehan and Nirma de Silva Wijeyeratne with Jayaindra &<br />
Tivanshi Fernando visited Kankanemulla Forest near Yakwila, about an hour's drive<br />
from Negombo. The forest has excellent stands <strong>of</strong> forest with a numerous lianas.<br />
Endemic bird species <strong>the</strong>y heard or saw included Layard's Parakeets and Grey Hornbill.<br />
In <strong>the</strong> forest <strong>the</strong>y also heard White-rumped Shama and Black-naped Monarch. In <strong>the</strong><br />
adjoining coconut estate <strong>the</strong>y had Ceylon Woodshrike and Ceylon Swallow.<br />
Hiran & Dharshini Cooray with Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne visited Sandaraja Wana<br />
Arana on Tuesday 10th May 2005. They send in <strong>the</strong> following report.<br />
"Sanda Raja Wana Arana is an area <strong>of</strong> 120 acres <strong>of</strong> land, on a hill crest, with secondary<br />
forest owned by Susith Karunaratna. As <strong>the</strong> crow flies, it is approximately 15 - 20 km<br />
south <strong>of</strong> Kithulgala. We reached it via Aranayaka as <strong>the</strong> road from Bulathkohupitiya is in<br />
bad shape.<br />
A feeding flock encountered around 10.45 had a pair <strong>of</strong> White-faced Starlings. No o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
birds restricted <strong>to</strong> good quality or large forest reserves were noted. As Starlings are<br />
powerful fliers dispersing rapidly, <strong>the</strong>y may have come from <strong>the</strong> Kithulgala Forest<br />
Reserve.<br />
With <strong>the</strong> flock were Yellow-browed Bulbuls, Scimitar Babblers and a pair <strong>of</strong> Layard's<br />
Squirrels. The Yellow-browed Bulbuls had 2 or 3 birds calling from different locations<br />
and being very vocal.<br />
Both <strong>the</strong> Sri Lankan Myna and <strong>the</strong> Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Hill Myna were observed <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r with<br />
Black Bulbuls, Tickell's Blue Flycatcher, etc.<br />
195
12/10/2007<br />
Nadeera Weerasinghe (Naturalists) on 11 May 2005, reports a Marsh Crocodile at Vil<br />
Uyana. Vila Uyana is an artificial wetland being constructed near Sigiriya. An increasing<br />
number <strong>of</strong> species are being recorded in what was previously abandoned land, now being<br />
converted <strong>to</strong> a wetland with <strong>the</strong> construction <strong>of</strong> two lakes.<br />
Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne, Chandrika Maelge, Aruni Hewage & Sunela<br />
Jayawardene, on Saturday 7 May 2005 at Dunvila Cottage, near Wasgamuwa National<br />
Park, observed a newly fledged Pied Cuckoo mimicking a Yellow-billed Babbler's call.<br />
Ceylon Bird Club Birding News (6 May 2005) carried <strong>the</strong> following report.<br />
Lester Perera reports from Mannar, "By <strong>the</strong> Causeway, a light-grey morph Little Egret,<br />
with two Indian Reef Heron and several Little Egret nearby for comparison, and c.500<br />
Greater Flamingo, among many migrant shorebirds, on 30 April and at Adam's Bridge, at<br />
least two Saunders's Tern nesting, looking clearly different from Little Tern, being in BP,<br />
and c.65 Bridled Tern showing possible signs <strong>of</strong> commencing <strong>to</strong> nest, on 1 May".<br />
Ceylon Bird Club Birding News (24 Apr 2005) carried <strong>the</strong> following report. "Amila<br />
Salgado reports at <strong>the</strong> Mannar Causeway, on 20-21 April, c.65 Broad-billed Sandpipers,<br />
some in BP, 10 Terek Sandpipers, c.20 Curlew Sandpipers in BP, an Indian Reef Heron<br />
and c.700 Greater Flamingo".<br />
Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne With Asantha Sirimane and Ayanthi Samarajewa send in<br />
<strong>the</strong> following report.<br />
"On Friday 22 April 2005, we arrived around 11.00 am in Gilimale. We continued later<br />
(circa 15.30 <strong>to</strong> Palabaddala (Siripa Gama)) where sub-montane forest begins. But (prior<br />
<strong>to</strong> rain), most <strong>of</strong> our time was spent walking on <strong>the</strong> jeep track leading downhill after <strong>the</strong><br />
concrete bridge on <strong>the</strong> B265.<br />
To reach Gilimale, we <strong>to</strong>ok <strong>the</strong> road leading <strong>to</strong> Siripa Gama (B 391). After a few<br />
kilometers <strong>the</strong>re was a Y fork and we <strong>to</strong>ok <strong>the</strong> left fork, <strong>the</strong> B265 leading <strong>to</strong> Siripagama<br />
and Palabaddala.<br />
Butterflies seen included Commander, Blue Mormon (several), Chestnut-streaked Sailor.<br />
Birds seen or heard included Crested Drongo (h), Sri Lanka Myna, Yellow-fronted<br />
Barbet, Sri Lanka Junglefowl, Black-naped Monarch, Black-capped Bulbul, Black Eagel<br />
etc. Dragonflies included Long-winged Skimmer (Lathrecista asiatica asiatica) and a<br />
pair <strong>of</strong> mating Cratilla lineata calverti.<br />
Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne reports <strong>the</strong> following from Talangama. "On Sunday 17<br />
April 2005, I observed a Little Green Heron (Striated Heron) for <strong>the</strong> first time in<br />
Talangama in <strong>the</strong> mangrove thicket in <strong>the</strong> water between Villa Talangama and Amanda<br />
196
12/10/2007<br />
Abeyweera's house. I observed it from around 8.00 <strong>to</strong> 8.30. Its mode <strong>of</strong> fishing was <strong>to</strong><br />
perch on a branch over <strong>the</strong> edge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> water, in a fashion similar <strong>to</strong> that employed by<br />
Yellow Bitters. On one occasion it picked something that swam by. On two occasions it<br />
actually plunged in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> water. A Little Cormorant, which was swimming by, lunged out<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> water <strong>to</strong>wards <strong>the</strong> heron. I was surprised at this inter-specific aggression.<br />
Dragonflies observed included Asian Pintail, Spine-legged Reedling, Asian Pintail,<br />
Yellow Damselfly, Variable Glider, etc".<br />
On Sunday 17 April 2005 Gehan de Wijeyeratne, Ayanthi Samarajewa and Pradeesh<br />
Wanniarachchi <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Eco <strong>Holidays</strong> team visited Bodhinagala. They send <strong>the</strong> following<br />
report;<br />
"We arrived around 12.00 and left around 17.00. It began <strong>to</strong> rain around 16.15. The<br />
highlight was Three-<strong>to</strong>ed Kingfisher (Oriental Dwarf Kingfisher) near <strong>the</strong> hermitage. Is<br />
seems habituated <strong>to</strong> people and stayed on a perch, between 10 <strong>to</strong> fifteen feet away from<br />
us.<br />
A troop <strong>of</strong> Purple-faced Leaf Monkeys numbering around 8 came up and devoured Jack<br />
fruit from a very tall tree. They stayed in <strong>the</strong> canopy, well over fifty feet from <strong>the</strong> ground.<br />
The juveniles had a contrasting pale rump area. In <strong>the</strong> adults, <strong>the</strong> dorsal surface showed<br />
no pronounced contrast. Tail graded in<strong>to</strong> white, but no pronounced tuft at <strong>the</strong> end.<br />
Endemics heard included Chestnut-backed Owlet, Spot-winged Thrush, Green-billed<br />
Coucal, Yellow-fronted Barbet, Ceylon Crested Drongo, etc. Of a pair <strong>of</strong> Grey Hornbills,<br />
one caught a large caterpillar in <strong>the</strong> canopy. No reptiles were seen. Butterflies included<br />
several Blue Mormons on <strong>the</strong> wing and a Commander. The forest floor was fairly dry,<br />
despite what, must be regular evening showers. Several trees seem <strong>to</strong> be in fruit or flower<br />
including Kekiriwara (Schumachereia castaneifolia).<br />
Rex I. De Silva communicates that <strong>the</strong> following information was given <strong>to</strong> him by Pr<strong>of</strong>.<br />
S.W. Kotagama and Chinthaka Kalu<strong>to</strong>ta <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Field Ornithology Group <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka<br />
(FOGSL).<br />
"On 1st April Mrs. Maria Grazia Bellio a former resident <strong>of</strong> Australia reported 2 mature<br />
and 2 juvenile Australian Stilts at Bundala Kalapuwa in <strong>the</strong> area near <strong>the</strong> "Moya". She<br />
showed <strong>the</strong> birds <strong>to</strong> Pr<strong>of</strong>essor Kotagama, five Field Ornithology Group <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka<br />
(FOGSL) members and 16 staff members <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Dept. <strong>of</strong> Wildlife Conservation,<br />
including <strong>the</strong> Park Warden and Assistant Warden who subsequently saw 6 more adults.<br />
She is very familiar with <strong>the</strong> species from her experience in Australia and states that her<br />
identification is "positive". The birds were seen in <strong>the</strong> same area until 4th April.<br />
A biographical note on Mrs. Bellieo: Graduate in Biol. Science from University <strong>of</strong><br />
Trieste (Italy), Graduate Cert. in Ornithology from Charles Sturt University (Australia)<br />
and "A" class ringer's licence. She has over 17 years ringing experience".<br />
197
12/10/2007<br />
Tharindra de Silva sends in <strong>the</strong> following report. "I'm an amateur birder who joined <strong>the</strong><br />
FOGSL a few weeks ago and joined <strong>the</strong>m on a bird ringing programme held at Buttala<br />
during May 2005. This workshop included a day <strong>of</strong> bird netting and ringing which was an<br />
amazing experience. On a field <strong>to</strong>ur <strong>to</strong> Maligawila (23rd May), which was a part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
workshop, I spotted <strong>the</strong> Three-<strong>to</strong>ed Kingfisher for <strong>the</strong> very first time. The tiny little bird<br />
with its brilliant colours is a treat <strong>to</strong> a birder. Maligawila forest cover surrounding <strong>the</strong><br />
famous Buddha Statue is a fabulous location <strong>to</strong> spot birds like <strong>the</strong> Tickell's Blue<br />
Flycatcher, White-rumped Shama and <strong>the</strong> Jungle Owlet, which are found in numbers".<br />
Ruchira Somaweera sends in <strong>the</strong> following report on Amphibians and Reptiles <strong>of</strong><br />
Kelani Valley Forest Reserve (Kithulgala).<br />
"I was in a herping excursion with some members <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Zoologists’ Association <strong>of</strong><br />
University <strong>of</strong> Peradeniya at Maakandawa section <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Kelani Valley Reserve at<br />
Kithulgala on <strong>the</strong> 11th & 12th <strong>of</strong> May 2005 and had a very successful time recording as<br />
many as 19 species <strong>of</strong> amphibians and 21 species <strong>of</strong> reptiles just in a one-night stay. Thus<br />
our <strong>to</strong>tal herp sightings at Kithulgala rose <strong>to</strong> 38 species <strong>of</strong> amphibians and 41 species <strong>of</strong><br />
reptiles despite <strong>the</strong> small size <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> reserve, which is just 195.0 ha.<br />
The highlight <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> amphibians includes <strong>the</strong> recording <strong>of</strong> all stages <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> relict Sri<br />
Lanka Rock Frog (Nannophrys ceylonensis ) which were found in <strong>the</strong> moist rock surfaces<br />
adjoining <strong>the</strong> streams. O<strong>the</strong>r common stream dwellers included <strong>the</strong> Common Wood-frog<br />
(Rana temporalis), Corrugated Water Frog (Limnonectes corrugatus), Skipper Frog<br />
(Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis) and <strong>the</strong> Common Paddyfield Frog (Fejervarya limnocharis).<br />
As usual, juveniles <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> endemic Kelaart’s Smooth-finger Toad (Adenomus kelaartii)<br />
was found near water but not in water. A night survey for amphibians exposed 11 species<br />
<strong>of</strong> Rhacophorids out <strong>of</strong> which only <strong>the</strong> Common Hourglass Tree-frog (Polypedates<br />
cruciger), Striped Pygmy Tree-frog (Philautus leucorhinus) and <strong>the</strong> Tubercle Oriental<br />
Shrub-frog (Kirtixalus carvirostris) could be identified using <strong>the</strong> available keys. The only<br />
Microhylid <strong>to</strong> be recorded was <strong>the</strong> Grey-brown Pug-snout Frog (Ramanella obscura) and<br />
it was <strong>the</strong>ir breeding season where most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tree holes and stagnant pools were present<br />
with eggs.<br />
As for <strong>the</strong> lizards it was <strong>the</strong> ideal time and our records included three Calotes species<br />
including <strong>the</strong> Whistling Lizard (Calotes liolepis), <strong>the</strong> Sri Lanka Kangaroo Lizard<br />
(O<strong>to</strong>cryptis wiegmanni) and <strong>the</strong> relict Hump-nosed Lizard (Lyriocephalus scutatus).<br />
Although one previous study recorded <strong>the</strong> Rough-horn Lizard (Cera<strong>to</strong>phora aspera) from<br />
<strong>the</strong> reserve, this time we were out <strong>of</strong> luck. Six species <strong>of</strong> geckos including <strong>the</strong> Great<br />
Forest Gecko (Cyr<strong>to</strong>dactylus fraenatus) and Spotted Bowfinger Gecko (Geckoella<br />
triedra) and five species <strong>of</strong> skinks showed up, including is a male Catenated Litter Skink<br />
(Sphenomorphus dorsicatenatus) in breeding colours were among some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
tetrapod reptiles recorded. As for <strong>the</strong> snakes we could only come across with four species<br />
this time, but <strong>the</strong> strange thing was that <strong>the</strong> four represented <strong>the</strong> four venom categories<br />
i.e. The Sri Lankan Krait (Bungarus ceylonicus) a highly venomous species; Merrem's<br />
Hump-nosed Viper (Hypnale hypnale) a moderately venomous species; Green vine snake<br />
(Ahaetulla nasutus) a mildly venomous species and Trevelyan's Earth Snake (Rhinophis<br />
trevelyanus) a non-venomous species.<br />
198
12/10/2007<br />
Snorkelling in <strong>the</strong> main river and <strong>the</strong> tributaries revealed a <strong>to</strong>tal <strong>of</strong> 12 freshwater fishes<br />
including <strong>the</strong> point endemic Asoka Barb (Puntius asoka) and seven o<strong>the</strong>r endemics.<br />
Highlights <strong>of</strong> 38 species <strong>of</strong> birds observed include Crested Drongo, Malabar Trogon and<br />
Green-billed Coucal and several o<strong>the</strong>r endemics. The only mammal <strong>of</strong> interest was a<br />
Giant Squirrel (Ratufa macroura). We also had <strong>the</strong> chance <strong>of</strong> observing <strong>the</strong> strange<br />
Jumping Spider (Myrmarachine plalaleoides) which mimics <strong>the</strong> Weaver Ant (Oecophylla<br />
samaragdina) for its own protection.<br />
On Tuesday 10th May 2005, Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne, Hiran & Dharshini Cooray<br />
also visited Bible Rock. Gehan reports <strong>the</strong> following.<br />
A Shahin Falcon hurtled past as I was nearing <strong>the</strong> summit. The best route from Colombo<br />
would be <strong>to</strong> Mawanella, <strong>the</strong>n south a few kilometers in<strong>to</strong> Gevilipitiya. From <strong>the</strong>re head<br />
east <strong>to</strong>wards Mora<strong>the</strong>nna on <strong>the</strong> B 136 which starts at Gevilipitiya. A turn <strong>of</strong>f <strong>to</strong> Bible<br />
Road is <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> right (northwards) between <strong>the</strong> 2 and 3 km posts. From <strong>the</strong> turn <strong>of</strong>f, it is<br />
2.5 km <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> rock, on a cart track. The last 20 minutes is a steep ascent.<br />
Nalin, Sharmini, Sharuka, Avishka Wikramanayake, Chris, Enoka, Shenuka and<br />
Shalini Corea went <strong>to</strong> Ekgal Aru in Gal Oya over <strong>the</strong> New Year holidays. They say "The<br />
bungalow garden was alive with birdlife including frequent visits by Green Imperial<br />
Pigeons and Pompadour Green Pigeons. The best sighting was a Jungle Owlet. Alert <strong>to</strong><br />
an unfamiliar call and alarm calls <strong>of</strong> squirrels Nalin stalked and sighted a Jungle Owlet<br />
calling at about 9.00 a.m. However, <strong>the</strong> call was not exactly <strong>the</strong> one described by Henry<br />
(quoting Legge) and closer <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> one described by Salim Ali. Ano<strong>the</strong>r exciting first for<br />
us was a Grey Hornbill nest sealed up by droppings with a small slit through which <strong>the</strong><br />
male regularly fed <strong>the</strong> female red berries, coughing <strong>the</strong>m up one at a time and delicately<br />
bringing it <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> tip <strong>of</strong> his beak before feeding her. O<strong>the</strong>r good sightings were a pair <strong>of</strong><br />
Racket-tailed Drongos, silhouetted at dusk soaring out <strong>of</strong> a tall tree in a feeding frenzy<br />
being copied by an unidentified Kingfisher, Thick-billed Flowerpecker and nest <strong>of</strong><br />
Ceylon White-eye with eggs".<br />
ARTICLES/TRIP REPORTS<br />
Sri Lanka Trip Report (April 2005)<br />
By Lewis Borg Cardona<br />
My fourth visit <strong>to</strong> Sri Lanka, expressly <strong>to</strong> update Serendipity, <strong>the</strong> audio programme I’ve<br />
produced since 2001. Broadcast aboard all Sri Lankan airlines flights <strong>to</strong> and from <strong>the</strong><br />
country, <strong>the</strong> travelogue aims <strong>to</strong> give passengers a two-hour audio <strong>to</strong>ur <strong>of</strong> this fascinating<br />
“land like no o<strong>the</strong>r”.<br />
Having met and interviewed Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne two years previously at <strong>the</strong><br />
Talangama Wetland on <strong>the</strong> outskirts <strong>of</strong> Colombo, I was well aware <strong>of</strong> his expertise and<br />
enthusiasm, so had no hesitation in placing my ten-day itinerary (30th March <strong>to</strong> 8th<br />
April) in <strong>the</strong> hands <strong>of</strong> <strong>Jetwing</strong> Eco <strong>Holidays</strong>.<br />
199
12/10/2007<br />
This time <strong>the</strong> programme focus was on a family holiday and with wife Vivian and eight<br />
year old daughter Mei enjoying <strong>the</strong>ir first visit, we were accompanied throughout <strong>the</strong> trip<br />
by <strong>Jetwing</strong> Master Naturalist and noted wildlife artist Lester Perera.<br />
As well as visits <strong>to</strong> Sigiriya, Dambulla, Kandy, Nuwara Eliya and Hor<strong>to</strong>n Plains with<br />
Lester, Gehan joined us for two days at Bundala and Yala West National Parks.<br />
After a first day <strong>of</strong> interviews in Colombo – while <strong>the</strong> girls enjoyed a pachyderm fest at<br />
<strong>the</strong> Pinnewala elephant orphanage. Day two saw us drive <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> wonderful Lighthouse<br />
Hotel and Spa near Galle, via Ben<strong>to</strong>ta and <strong>the</strong> exotic Brief Gardens, creation <strong>of</strong> Bevis<br />
Bawa, elder bro<strong>the</strong>r <strong>of</strong> celebrated architect Ge<strong>of</strong>frey Bawa. Driving away from Brief we<br />
had our first encounter with Sri Lankan wildlife, as a large land moni<strong>to</strong>r hogged <strong>the</strong> road<br />
and refused <strong>to</strong> be hurried out <strong>of</strong> its stride by our vehicle. For Mei her first ‘dinosaur’ was<br />
quite an eye opener.<br />
Day three and a drive <strong>to</strong> Yala for lunch, <strong>the</strong>n late afternoon spent at Bundala, with Gehan<br />
in attendance for a masterclass in Sri Lankan birding. But not just birds, because first we<br />
were treated <strong>to</strong> large trooes <strong>of</strong> Langurs and Toque Macaques, both groups disturbing<br />
numerous Spot-billed Pelicans from <strong>the</strong>ir perches. Seems <strong>the</strong> monkeys aren’t aware <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> pelicans’ endangered status. Then, as we moved <strong>of</strong>f <strong>to</strong> a waterhole teeming with birds<br />
such as Red-Wattled Lapwings, Indian Cormorants and Black-headed Ibis, a group <strong>of</strong><br />
elegant Painted S<strong>to</strong>rks looking uncannily like members <strong>of</strong> an exclusive gentleman’s club<br />
suddenly <strong>to</strong>ok fright; a clue that <strong>the</strong> log floating nearby was actually a marsh crocodile.<br />
Once again Mei experienced an exciting real life alternative <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> televised exploits <strong>of</strong><br />
Steve ‘cocodile hunter’ Irwin! As dusk fell both Lester and Gehan were surprised - a rare<br />
event in itself - by a small group <strong>of</strong> Flamingos; <strong>the</strong> first spotted for some time, and <strong>the</strong><br />
welcome return <strong>of</strong> a once common sight <strong>to</strong> Bundala.<br />
The next day dawned early for all concerned, with a 5.45am start for a game drive in<br />
Yala West. Bumping in<strong>to</strong> Yorkshireman and dedicated birder Alf King before <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>f I<br />
realised how he would have benefited from <strong>the</strong> accumulated expertise we had riding in<br />
our jeep and how wasted it was on three novices whose twitching prowess extended <strong>to</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Collins Complete Guide <strong>to</strong> British Wildlife <strong>to</strong> spot a Jay in our London<br />
garden! Not that we were complaining, especially as <strong>the</strong> morning flashed by in a plethora<br />
<strong>of</strong> spots; Wild Boar, Marsh Crocodile, Spotted Deer, Elephants, Wild Buffaloes,<br />
Peacocks, Jungle Fowl, Mongoose, Terrapin, Civet cats, a Jackal and a wonderful Fishing<br />
Eagle, perched obligingly on a tree in <strong>the</strong> centre <strong>of</strong> a water hole as we enjoyed our packed<br />
lunches parked nearby.<br />
Watching Gehan at work as he pho<strong>to</strong>graphed a pair <strong>of</strong> little green bee-eaters was an<br />
education in itself, but as <strong>the</strong> morning wore on even he was nodding drowsily in <strong>the</strong> back<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> jeep as <strong>the</strong> early start caught up with us all. Not so <strong>the</strong> ever observant Lester.<br />
[The full text <strong>of</strong> this article, is available on http://www.jetwingeco.com/ ]<br />
200
12/10/2007<br />
Flowering Trees <strong>of</strong> Colombo<br />
By Dr Sriyanie Miththapala<br />
Amidst <strong>the</strong> traffic, <strong>the</strong> garbage and <strong>the</strong> chaos, Colombo's trees make it special among<br />
Asian cities<br />
When I think <strong>of</strong> a garden city, I picture a carefully planned, manicured city with designed<br />
borders <strong>of</strong> well-matched flowers. I think <strong>of</strong> pristine avenues lined with carefully trimmed<br />
trees and parks.<br />
I don't picture chaotic traffic, buses belching carbon monoxide, cars blaring horns and<br />
trishaws weaving perilously through long queues <strong>of</strong> crawling cars. I don't picture<br />
pedestrians scuttling across roads despite 'don't walk signs', nor vehicles navigating a<br />
maze <strong>of</strong> streets stubbornly referred <strong>to</strong> by <strong>the</strong>ir old names and following overhead street<br />
signs that are so badly designed that you would end up in a canal if you followed <strong>the</strong>m.<br />
Yet in this hub <strong>of</strong> noise and dust and crowds and chaos that is Colombo, <strong>the</strong>re are trees:<br />
verdant, majestic giants with branches spreading untidily across roads, trees that stay<br />
intractably green even during <strong>the</strong> driest months <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> year.<br />
The trees <strong>of</strong> Colombo make it special among <strong>the</strong> cities <strong>of</strong> Asia, more special than neatly<br />
planned and flower-edged roads. Each time I return from overseas when I drive back<br />
from <strong>the</strong> airport, <strong>the</strong> first impression that assaults my eyes just as <strong>the</strong> noise assails my<br />
ears, is <strong>the</strong> quantity <strong>of</strong> green that I see. Everywhere I look <strong>the</strong>re are trees.<br />
Most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> common trees <strong>of</strong> Colombo are imports from across <strong>the</strong> seas, some from <strong>the</strong><br />
Americas, o<strong>the</strong>rs from Africa, o<strong>the</strong>rs from neighbouring India. When roads were built<br />
during <strong>the</strong> British colonial era, many ornamental species were introduced and planted for<br />
shade along roadsides. While some are used for timber and o<strong>the</strong>rs for medicinal purposes,<br />
many flower spectacularly and serve <strong>to</strong> beautify <strong>the</strong> roadsides.<br />
Most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m flower from February <strong>to</strong> May each year, leaving roadsides carpeted with<br />
scarlet, pink, purple and yellow flowers.<br />
These flowering trees are extremely important in urban settings for <strong>the</strong>y not only provide<br />
desperately needed shade, but also serve <strong>to</strong> function as sponges <strong>to</strong> soak up carbon dioxide<br />
from <strong>the</strong> air and s<strong>to</strong>p water run <strong>of</strong>f from <strong>the</strong> rain. There is evidence that <strong>the</strong>ir leaves also<br />
adsorb dust. In addition, <strong>the</strong>y provide shelter and food for urban wildlife, and beauty for<br />
our eyes <strong>to</strong> feast upon as we travel round <strong>the</strong> city.<br />
Take a moment <strong>to</strong> look around you and value <strong>the</strong> flowering trees <strong>of</strong> Colombo.<br />
Colour <strong>of</strong> Flowers Trees<br />
Yellow Yellow Flame, Ehela, Wal Ehela, Temple Tree,<br />
Asoka, Ranawara, Yellow Silk Cot<strong>to</strong>n<br />
201
12/10/2007<br />
Orange Asoka<br />
Red/ Scarlet Flamboyant, Erabadu, Temple Tree<br />
Pink Tabebuia, Temple Flower, Rain Tree, Pink Cassia,<br />
Sal<br />
Mauve/purple Queen's Flower, Jacaranda, Nika<br />
White Temple Tree, Na,<br />
1. Flamboyant (Delonix regia) (Sinhala Mai mara, Tamil Mayaram)<br />
Unmistakable because <strong>of</strong> its spectacular scarlet flowers, which seem <strong>to</strong> swamp <strong>the</strong> also<br />
easily recognisable flat canopy <strong>of</strong> this tree. This was introduced in <strong>the</strong> 1800s from<br />
Madagascar. The bark and branches <strong>of</strong> this tree are light grey, smooth and<br />
characteristically sinewy, while <strong>the</strong> foliage is fea<strong>the</strong>ry.<br />
2. Tabebuia (Tabebuia rosea)<br />
This species, which was introduced from Mexico, is easily recognised by its pale pinkmauve<br />
flowers that densely pack <strong>the</strong> branches and carpet <strong>the</strong> roads for a brief period.<br />
These trees are found lining Sir Ernest de Silva Mawatha, formerly called Flower Road<br />
because <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> many trees <strong>of</strong> this species that used <strong>to</strong> line this road. This is a tall tree<br />
whose branches characteristically extend vertically upwards.<br />
[The full text <strong>of</strong> this article, which has been published in <strong>the</strong> local newspapers, is<br />
available on http://www.jetwingeco.com/ ]<br />
The Eyrie<br />
By Elmo Alles<br />
Kadugannawa, <strong>the</strong> last bastion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Kandyan Kingdom, includes <strong>the</strong> Balana Pass and<br />
Bible Rock. It is reported that <strong>the</strong> defenders <strong>of</strong> Kandy poured boiling oil on <strong>the</strong> invading<br />
British forces, and rolled down rocks <strong>to</strong> block <strong>the</strong> Kadugannawa Pass.<br />
The defenders announced <strong>the</strong>ir successful blockade with one big "Hoo"!<br />
In December 2003, when visiting <strong>the</strong> construction site <strong>of</strong> a cottage on <strong>the</strong> Balana slopes,<br />
a Crested Hawk Eagle was seen flying frequently <strong>to</strong> a tree and roosting.<br />
Fur<strong>the</strong>r examination <strong>of</strong> this tree revealed that <strong>the</strong>re was an eyrie - eagle's nest - well<br />
concealed on <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>p <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> branches. Regular observation <strong>of</strong> this nest was undertaken by<br />
<strong>the</strong> writer <strong>of</strong> this account.<br />
202
12/10/2007<br />
On <strong>the</strong> 5th February 2004 an eaglet was sighted in <strong>the</strong> eyrie. The female eagle proved <strong>to</strong><br />
be an excellent mo<strong>the</strong>r, regularly feeding <strong>the</strong> baby with bits <strong>of</strong> meat and providing shelter<br />
from <strong>the</strong> sun and rain with her wings.<br />
The fa<strong>the</strong>r eagle showed up occasionally <strong>to</strong> protect <strong>the</strong> baby during <strong>the</strong> mo<strong>the</strong>r's absence.<br />
But this interest was mainly <strong>to</strong> check -up whe<strong>the</strong>r his mate was ready <strong>to</strong> make love. The<br />
couple were observed copulating in mid-air, a raucous affair with fea<strong>the</strong>rs flying. This<br />
species <strong>of</strong> eagle breeds once a year and raises only one youngster.<br />
The eaglet was covered with white down, always chirping for more food and growing<br />
fast. After ten days it was hopping around inside <strong>the</strong> nest and defecating outside <strong>the</strong> rim<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> nest-eagle sanitation.<br />
After <strong>the</strong> second week <strong>the</strong> eaglet started sprouting dark fea<strong>the</strong>rs. By <strong>the</strong> 1st May he had<br />
grown dark wing fea<strong>the</strong>rs - a brown head crest tips and <strong>the</strong> s<strong>of</strong>t yellow down fea<strong>the</strong>rs <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> throat had dropped.<br />
On <strong>the</strong> 2nd <strong>of</strong> May, he hopped on <strong>the</strong> rim <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> nest. After <strong>the</strong> 7th May, <strong>the</strong> eaglet,<br />
feeding on <strong>the</strong> rim <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> nest, assisted by <strong>the</strong> mo<strong>the</strong>r. June saw <strong>the</strong> maiden flight <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
eaglet, coaxed and supervised by <strong>the</strong> mo<strong>the</strong>r.<br />
During July <strong>the</strong> eaglet starts <strong>to</strong> hunt by itself in <strong>the</strong> vicinity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> eyrie but occasionally<br />
alights on <strong>the</strong> nest and calls for his mo<strong>the</strong>r.<br />
The parent birds have not been sighted but it is presumed that <strong>the</strong>y are awaiting <strong>the</strong><br />
departure <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> youngster, <strong>to</strong> refurbish <strong>the</strong> nest for <strong>the</strong> next breeding cycle.<br />
There are four contenders for <strong>the</strong> title <strong>of</strong> "Ullema" or <strong>the</strong> fearsome devil bird <strong>of</strong> Sri<br />
Lanka, two <strong>of</strong> which are <strong>the</strong> Mountain Hawk Eagle and <strong>the</strong> Crested Hawk eagle. The<br />
"Ullema" had regularly screamed at night from <strong>the</strong> vicinity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> eyrie. The night before<br />
<strong>the</strong> death <strong>of</strong> a village elder it is reported <strong>to</strong> have screamed "Magay Putho", for <strong>the</strong> last<br />
time.<br />
The next time it screamed was after <strong>the</strong> eaglet left <strong>the</strong> nest. The writer was privileged <strong>to</strong><br />
hear it.<br />
Using <strong>the</strong> power <strong>of</strong> Foreign Television Crews <strong>to</strong> promote post Tsunami Sri Lanka<br />
- Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne<br />
Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne proposes a few simple changes for a more enlightened media<br />
policy <strong>to</strong> harness <strong>the</strong> power <strong>of</strong> foreign television crews <strong>to</strong> promote Sri Lanka<br />
During <strong>the</strong> Tsunami over a hundred television crews were in Sri Lanka. They created an<br />
image <strong>of</strong> a country devastated by <strong>the</strong> Tsunami, an island where <strong>the</strong> sea had swept in from<br />
<strong>the</strong> East coast and flowed over <strong>the</strong> West. Sri Lanka failed <strong>to</strong> use <strong>the</strong> world's biggest<br />
203
12/10/2007<br />
media event <strong>to</strong> show a positive aspect <strong>of</strong> herself. We did not harness <strong>the</strong> foreign media<br />
show our magnificent cultural sites and our parks and reserves teeming with wildlife and<br />
<strong>to</strong> demonstrate that <strong>the</strong>y were all intact. Ideally, <strong>the</strong> hotels, where many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se crews<br />
were staying should have organised or suggested a filming visit, <strong>to</strong> important cultural<br />
sites such as Anuradhapura, Polonnaruwa or Kandy. But spontaneous filming visits are<br />
not possible as permits have <strong>to</strong> be arranged in advance from <strong>the</strong> Central Cultural Fund<br />
(CCF). Likewise, spontaneous foreign film crew visits <strong>to</strong> a rainforest like Sinharaja or a<br />
national park like Uda Walawe or Yala, was not possible. They require permits in<br />
advance from <strong>the</strong> Forest Department (FD) or <strong>the</strong> Department <strong>of</strong> Wildlife Conservation<br />
(DWLC). Unfortunately, <strong>the</strong>se permits can take anything from a few days <strong>to</strong> a few weeks<br />
<strong>to</strong> organise.<br />
Our failure continues with us by not being able, even several months later, <strong>to</strong> effectively<br />
communicate <strong>the</strong> message that much <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> island is un-<strong>to</strong>uched and ready for <strong>to</strong>urism. In<br />
<strong>the</strong> last week <strong>of</strong> April 2005, I had a conversation with Nicola Denbigh, a Senior Product<br />
Manager <strong>of</strong> Manos, one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> larger <strong>to</strong>ur opera<strong>to</strong>rs in <strong>the</strong> UK. She <strong>to</strong>ld me that one<br />
reason why Sri Lankan <strong>to</strong>urism failed <strong>to</strong> recover as rapidly as <strong>the</strong> Maldives was because<br />
<strong>the</strong>y only see negative footage <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka. I suspect this is because we unwittingly<br />
place more obstructions for filming positive footage.<br />
[The full text <strong>of</strong> this article, which has been published in <strong>the</strong> local newspapers, is<br />
available on http://www.jetwingeco.com/ ]<br />
A Wildlife and Birding Tour in Sri Lanka after <strong>the</strong> Tsunami, 5th- 26th February<br />
2005 By Mike Hillman<br />
With Eco <strong>Holidays</strong> (<strong>Jetwing</strong>) we had been planning our trip <strong>to</strong> Sri Lanka since early last<br />
year and it all came <strong>to</strong> fruition when we <strong>to</strong>uched down at Colombo Airport on 5 th<br />
February. We were greeted by our Naturalist Guide, Uditha Hettige, and our driver,<br />
Kallan, both <strong>of</strong> whom would be with us throughout our three week stay.<br />
Chandrika Maelge, <strong>of</strong> <strong>Jetwing</strong> Eco <strong>Holidays</strong> (www.jetwingeco.com) had produced a<br />
detailed itinerary for us, which included several <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> National Parks, all <strong>the</strong> major<br />
habitat zones and important cultural sites.<br />
Our first s<strong>to</strong>pover was at <strong>the</strong> Villa Talangama situated on <strong>the</strong> banks <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Talangama<br />
Tank. On our exit from <strong>the</strong> bus we were greeted by <strong>the</strong> heady sights and smells <strong>of</strong> lush<br />
vegetation on <strong>the</strong> lake and <strong>the</strong> 30 degree heat. Here we had our first sightings <strong>of</strong> various<br />
species <strong>of</strong> water birds including, amongst o<strong>the</strong>rs, Black & Yellow Bitterns, Open-billed<br />
S<strong>to</strong>rks, various Egrets and <strong>the</strong> Purple Heron<br />
Sinharaja Rain Forest and Martins Simple Lodge was our next destination for two nights.<br />
En-route we s<strong>to</strong>pped at <strong>the</strong> Bodhinagala Forest Reserve where Uditha tried for <strong>the</strong><br />
Endemic Chestnut-backed Owlet, this bird proved <strong>to</strong> be one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> only two endemics<br />
that we did not see, despite many tries at various o<strong>the</strong>r locations. We did however see <strong>the</strong><br />
Brown Hawk Owl and <strong>the</strong> endemic Brown-capped Babbler. There is a Buddhist<br />
204
12/10/2007<br />
monastery within <strong>the</strong> reserve and here we saw <strong>the</strong> Oriental Dwarf Kingfisher and also<br />
visited a small cave inhabited by Horseshoe Bats.<br />
Upon arrival at Sinharaja we were transported by jeep <strong>to</strong> Martins Lodge which is situated<br />
just outside <strong>the</strong> boundary <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> controlled area <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Reserve. The setting is idyllic with<br />
<strong>the</strong> dining area overlooking <strong>the</strong> forest.<br />
We <strong>to</strong>ok several walks in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Reserve during our two days and saw many birds,<br />
including <strong>the</strong> endemics; Red-faced Malkoha, Sri Lanka Jungle Fowl, SL Spurfowl,<br />
Layards Parakeet, SL Hanging Parrot, Spot-winged Thrush, Ashy Headed Laughing<br />
Thrush, Legge’s Flowerpecker, Yellow Fronted Barbet, White Faced Starling, SL Blue<br />
Magpie, SL Grey Hornbill, Black Capped Bulbul, and <strong>the</strong> Orange Billed Babbler. There<br />
were o<strong>the</strong>rs but <strong>to</strong>o many <strong>to</strong> detail. During <strong>the</strong> daytime walks we also saw <strong>the</strong> Purple<br />
Faced Leaf Monkey and several Green Lizards.<br />
Our night walks, in absolute darkness, were enhanced by <strong>the</strong> dancing Fire Flies and a<br />
magnificent night sky. The surround sounds <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Frogs and Cicadas were deafening, but<br />
<strong>the</strong> highlight, besides a Barking Deer, was <strong>the</strong> endemic Sri Lanka Frogmouth which<br />
Uditha managed <strong>to</strong> call <strong>to</strong> a tree just above our heads.<br />
En-route <strong>to</strong> our next destination, Embilipitiya, we s<strong>to</strong>pped near Suriyakanda <strong>to</strong> observe<br />
and pho<strong>to</strong>graph a Fruit Bat roost (Common Flying Fox), <strong>the</strong>re were hundreds <strong>of</strong> bats<br />
hanging from branches, flying around <strong>the</strong> tree <strong>to</strong>ps, and calling loudly; a very impressive<br />
sight. Our objectives whilst staying in Embilipitiya for <strong>the</strong> next two nights were <strong>to</strong> visit<br />
<strong>the</strong> Uda Walawe National Park and <strong>the</strong> bat caves at Wawulpane.<br />
The bat caves were spectacular, <strong>the</strong> main cave, with <strong>the</strong> river flowing in<strong>to</strong> it, is at <strong>the</strong><br />
bot<strong>to</strong>m <strong>of</strong> a steep sided rock-faced gorge. We watched in wonder as literally millions <strong>of</strong><br />
bats emerged and flew past us. The spectacle started at 6.30pm and was still in full flow<br />
when we reluctantly had <strong>to</strong> leave at 8.30pm. Two species were identified as Horseshoe<br />
and Fruit Bats but <strong>the</strong>re were o<strong>the</strong>rs. John suspects he has recorded <strong>the</strong> sounds <strong>of</strong> six<br />
species on his bat detection equipment and hopes <strong>to</strong> be able <strong>to</strong> identify more.<br />
We did morning and afternoon jeep safari’s in Uda Walawe and again saw many birds,<br />
including <strong>the</strong> Blue Faced Malkoha. However, from Uditha’s perspective <strong>the</strong> undoubted<br />
highlight for him was <strong>the</strong> first time sighting for him <strong>of</strong> a Black Headed Bunting posing on<br />
<strong>the</strong> track alongside a Red Headed Bunting. This speciality was quickly relayed by phone<br />
<strong>to</strong> Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne who arrived shortly afterwards <strong>to</strong> pho<strong>to</strong>graph <strong>the</strong> bird.<br />
[The full text <strong>of</strong> this article, which has been published in <strong>the</strong> local newspapers, click<br />
http://www.jetwingeco.com/web_pages/30-jan/articles/O<strong>the</strong>r_Articles/O<strong>the</strong>r%20Articles_mike.htm]<br />
PRESS RELEASES<br />
HSBC: LEADING THE WAY TOWARDS THE PRESERVATION OF OUR<br />
CULTURAL HERITAGE<br />
205
12/10/2007<br />
The launch <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> revamped Polonnaruwa gallery at <strong>the</strong> Colombo National Museum on<br />
26 April 2005, marks yet ano<strong>the</strong>r significant miles<strong>to</strong>ne in <strong>the</strong> enrichment <strong>of</strong> this his<strong>to</strong>rical<br />
period, as well as <strong>the</strong> completion <strong>of</strong> a collaborative journey undertaken by <strong>the</strong> Colombo<br />
National Museum and HSBC.<br />
In August 2004 <strong>the</strong> bank under<strong>to</strong>ok an ambitious new two-phased project for Rs6 million,<br />
in collaboration with <strong>the</strong> Colombo National Museum, <strong>to</strong> completely revamp <strong>the</strong><br />
Anuradhapura and Polonnaruwa galleries. The first phase <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> project was completed<br />
with <strong>the</strong> opening <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Anuradhapura gallery in January 2005. The launch <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
Polonnaruwa gallery marks <strong>the</strong> completion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> second and final phase <strong>of</strong> this particular<br />
project.<br />
The Polonnaruwa kingdom is a chapter in <strong>the</strong> his<strong>to</strong>ry <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka particularly<br />
remembered for <strong>the</strong> exceptionally well-engineered irrigation systems <strong>of</strong> king<br />
Parakramabahu <strong>the</strong> great. Polonnaruwa is also famed for <strong>the</strong> beauty <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Gal Vihara and<br />
<strong>the</strong> Kiri Vehera among <strong>the</strong> many o<strong>the</strong>r beautiful temples and buildings located in <strong>the</strong><br />
ancient city.<br />
The revamped Polonnaruwa Gallery contains trilingual information panels, neatly<br />
arranged artefacts, new displays and a state-<strong>of</strong>-<strong>the</strong>-art lighting system <strong>to</strong> ensure visi<strong>to</strong>rs <strong>to</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> museum are able <strong>to</strong> better understand <strong>the</strong> glory <strong>of</strong> this era. The gallery also contains a<br />
working model <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Bisokotuwa that is sure <strong>to</strong> delight all visi<strong>to</strong>rs <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Museum.<br />
more<br />
Speaking at <strong>the</strong> opening ceremony, Mr Sarath Piyaratna, Deputy Chief Executive Officer,<br />
HSBC Sri Lanka said, “When HSBC decided <strong>to</strong> sponsor <strong>the</strong> refurbishment <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
Anuradhapura and Polonnaruwa galleries, we hoped that in doing so, we would<br />
contribute <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> appreciation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> beauty and complexity <strong>of</strong> our his<strong>to</strong>ry by all visi<strong>to</strong>rs<br />
<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> museum. These changes were also designed <strong>to</strong> make a difference <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> way we<br />
market Sri Lanka and its glorious past <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> rest <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> world. We simply wanted <strong>to</strong> make<br />
a difference and based on <strong>the</strong> enthusiastic response we have received we realise that we<br />
have surpassed our goal.”<br />
Dr Nanda Wickremasinghe, Direc<strong>to</strong>r National Museums said, “I congratulate HSBC for<br />
<strong>the</strong> unparalleled efforts in recreating <strong>the</strong> glorious his<strong>to</strong>ry <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> golden eras <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
Anuradhapura and Polonnaruwa kingdoms, without allowing it <strong>to</strong> fade in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> mist <strong>of</strong><br />
legend.”<br />
HSBC has made this initial contribution <strong>to</strong> preserve Sri Lanka’s his<strong>to</strong>ry in <strong>the</strong> hope that<br />
this move will encourage o<strong>the</strong>r members <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> corporate community <strong>to</strong> do likewise. As<br />
such <strong>the</strong> Colombo National Museum and HSBC invite everyone <strong>to</strong> visit <strong>the</strong> refurbished<br />
galleries <strong>to</strong> view <strong>the</strong> splendid past <strong>of</strong> this beautiful country.<br />
NEW BOOKS<br />
206
12/10/2007<br />
Birds <strong>of</strong> South Asia. The Ripley Guide<br />
Vols. 1 and 2<br />
By Pamela C. Rasmussen and John C. Ander<strong>to</strong>n<br />
Illustrated by John Ander<strong>to</strong>n, Ian Lewing<strong>to</strong>n, Hilary Burn, Tom Schultz, N. John Schmitt,<br />
Larry B. McQueen, Hans Peeters, Jonathan Alderfer, Albert E. Gilbert, Bill Zetterstrom,<br />
Kristin Williams, Cynthia House<br />
Smithsonian Institution and Lynx Edicions, 2005<br />
Birds <strong>of</strong> South Asia. The Ripley Guide is a comprehensive, two-volume, up-<strong>to</strong>-date<br />
work covering <strong>the</strong> over 2500 known and likely taxa <strong>of</strong> birds <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> spectacularly diverse<br />
Indian subcontinent including, for <strong>the</strong> first time, Afghanistan and <strong>the</strong> Chagos<br />
Archipelago. Volume 1 is a Field Guide, bound separately for portability, while Volume<br />
2 (Attributes and Status) contains much more detailed information.<br />
Volume 1 (Field Guide):<br />
- Over 3400 illustrations appear in 180 plates painted especially for this book by<br />
expert artists. These depict virtually all species and most distinctive subspecies and<br />
plumages, some <strong>of</strong> which appear in no o<strong>the</strong>r guide.<br />
- Over 1450 colour maps, based primarily on verified records, represent <strong>the</strong> ranges <strong>of</strong><br />
each regularly occurring species and many distinctive races, and distinguish migra<strong>to</strong>ry<br />
routes from winter ranges.<br />
- Maps are annotated as <strong>to</strong> geographic variation, status, and habitat.<br />
- Concise texts give <strong>the</strong> information necessary <strong>to</strong> identify each species .<br />
- To assist in locating groups within <strong>the</strong> text, illustrated plate keys are provided in <strong>the</strong><br />
endpapers.<br />
Vol. 2 (Attributes and Status):<br />
- Contains much new information and many taxonomic treatments.<br />
- Alternative names are listed and taxonomic issues are summarized.<br />
- Specimen measurements specially taken for this book are presented for each<br />
species.<br />
- Complete data about identification, status and distribution, and habits are provided<br />
for each species.<br />
- Problematic records are mentioned.<br />
- Vocalizations are described from recordings, and <strong>the</strong>re are over 1000 sonagrams.<br />
- Appendices include <strong>the</strong> region s first hypo<strong>the</strong>tical species list, a gazetteer, brief<br />
ornithological his<strong>to</strong>ries, and lists <strong>of</strong> taxonomic changes, regional specimen holdings, and<br />
threatened species.<br />
207
12/10/2007<br />
- A comprehensive index allows users <strong>to</strong> find whatever names are most familiar <strong>to</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong>m.<br />
- Maps indicate geopolitical names, <strong>to</strong>pography, habitats, and bird species diversity<br />
and endemism.<br />
Handbook <strong>to</strong> Indian Wetland Birds and <strong>the</strong>ir Conservation<br />
Kumar, A., Sati, JP, Tak, PC & Alfred, JRB (2005) Handbook on Indian Wetland<br />
Birds and <strong>the</strong>ir Conservation: xxvi+468 (Published by Direc<strong>to</strong>r, Zool. Surv. India)<br />
The Handbook provides extensive information on 310 wetland bird species from India. It<br />
is divided in seven chapters, with eight appendices and Index for scientific and English<br />
names <strong>of</strong> Indian wetland birds.<br />
The first chapter <strong>of</strong> Introduction covers information on Biogeography <strong>of</strong> India, Wetland<br />
Birds and <strong>the</strong>ir Values, Habitats, Heronries, Migration, Major Waterbird Flyways,<br />
Watching Wetland Birds and bird pho<strong>to</strong>graphy.<br />
The second chapter provides a complete Checklist <strong>of</strong> 310 species <strong>of</strong> Wetland Birds in a<br />
tabular form with <strong>the</strong>ir residential, abundance, conservation and threatened status,<br />
population trend, threshold number, etc. Detail information on diagnostic field characters,<br />
habits, habitats, voice, status and distribution in India, south Asia, as well as in <strong>the</strong>ir<br />
biogeographical range has been provided in this chapter. Each species text is furnished<br />
with pho<strong>to</strong>graph (s) and a drawing, highlighting <strong>the</strong> diagnostics in <strong>the</strong> plate, and a colour<br />
distribution map.<br />
In <strong>the</strong> third chapter, <strong>the</strong>ir residential, abundance and conservation status has been<br />
discussed. For all <strong>the</strong> Globally Threatened, Near Threatened and Data Deficient species<br />
separate pho<strong>to</strong>graphic plate are given.<br />
Chapter 4 covers <strong>the</strong> socio economic values (direct and indirect use values), threats and<br />
<strong>the</strong> conservation measures in relation <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> wetlands and <strong>the</strong> wetland birds.<br />
Chapter 5 covers <strong>the</strong> protected area network with information about 19 Ramsar,<br />
Montreux, and World Heritage sites, Important Bird areas (IBAs) and Sacred wetlands in<br />
India. It tabulates state wise information on 99 Waterbird Sanctuaries, National Parks,<br />
and Ramsar Sites with <strong>the</strong>ir year <strong>of</strong> establishment, X & Y co-ordinates, Bio-geographic<br />
unit, and area in km2.<br />
The chapter six <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Handbook deals with <strong>the</strong> Framework for Conservation covering<br />
various aspects such as, National policies, laws and legislation, International conventions/<br />
Agreements like Ramsar Convention, Convention on Migra<strong>to</strong>ry Species (CMS),<br />
Convention on Biodiversity (CBD), CITES, and bilateral Agreements on protection <strong>of</strong><br />
migra<strong>to</strong>ry birds between India and former USSR and Russia. Co-ordination <strong>of</strong> Action in<br />
208
12/10/2007<br />
Asia Region under Asia-Pacific Conservation Initiative and <strong>the</strong> strategy for conservation<br />
<strong>of</strong> migra<strong>to</strong>ry species have been discussed in details. Five major Key habitats for<br />
threatened wetland birds and <strong>the</strong> species <strong>the</strong>y are supporting have been discussed.<br />
Fur<strong>the</strong>r, this chapter also briefly <strong>to</strong>uches on,<br />
Mandate <strong>of</strong> various Government and Non- Governmental Organisations working with <strong>the</strong><br />
wetlands and wetland birds at national and International level.<br />
Accession <strong>to</strong> international conventions and various initiatives under Convention on<br />
Wetlands, and role <strong>of</strong> Remote Sensing in assessment <strong>of</strong> waterfowl habitat have been<br />
appended <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Handbook.<br />
As India supports such a large number <strong>of</strong> migra<strong>to</strong>ry species, birds that fly between<br />
countries on an annual basis from <strong>the</strong> Russian arctic <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Maldives across nor<strong>the</strong>rn,<br />
Central, South and West Asia, this publication is <strong>of</strong> great relevance <strong>to</strong> people throughout<br />
<strong>the</strong> region.<br />
We strongly believe that this publication will be a valuable reference <strong>to</strong> anyone interested<br />
in wetland birds and conservation, including bird watchers, schools, research institutions,<br />
foresters, government agencies and o<strong>the</strong>rs, many <strong>of</strong> whom <strong>of</strong>ten have limited means <strong>to</strong><br />
access many reference and field books. This will be <strong>the</strong> first step <strong>to</strong>wards being able <strong>to</strong><br />
provide <strong>the</strong>m <strong>the</strong> means and training <strong>to</strong> identify and conserve waterbirds.<br />
As it not only includes <strong>the</strong> plates, maps and text <strong>to</strong> identify and enjoy Wetland birds, but<br />
also provides a wealth <strong>of</strong> information relevant <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir Conservation, many hundred <strong>of</strong><br />
bird watchers who participate in Asian Waterfowl census will find <strong>the</strong> handbook <strong>of</strong> great<br />
benefit <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir efforts.<br />
The handbook is a true example <strong>of</strong> cooperation by birders internationally and <strong>the</strong> authors<br />
have also aptly demonstrated <strong>the</strong> need <strong>to</strong> co-operate and share our knowledge by<br />
producing a book with contributions from people around <strong>the</strong> Globe.<br />
Visit <strong>the</strong> website below for details about <strong>the</strong> handbook.<br />
http://www.weblineinfos<strong>of</strong>t.com/zsi/hbiwb.pdf or contact Arun Kumar, "Nishtha", 14/3<br />
Balbir Road, Dehra Dun 248 001, India. Tel: 91-135-267 1826. Email<br />
drarunk@sancharnet.in<br />
RSPB Children's Guide <strong>to</strong> Birdwatching by David Chandler,Mike Unwin ISBN<br />
0713671572 Format, Paperback 128 pages. 207x140 mm. RRP £9.99<br />
This new RSPB-endorsed book is a practical, exciting and comprehensive introduction <strong>to</strong><br />
watching birds, for children aged 8-12 years. Lavishly illustrated throughout with fullcolour<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphs and paintings, it begins by discussing general birding - where <strong>to</strong> go<br />
and when, what equipment <strong>to</strong> take with you, tips on attracting birds <strong>to</strong> your garden, how<br />
<strong>to</strong> take field notes etc. The second half <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> book comprises a field guide <strong>to</strong> more than a<br />
hundred and thirty <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> commonest species <strong>of</strong> Britain and Ireland, using clear<br />
illustrations backed up by concise, straightforward text describing key identification<br />
points, such as behaviour, voice and habitat.<br />
209
12/10/2007<br />
This informative and lively book will greatly enhance children's enjoyment <strong>of</strong><br />
birdwatching, and will help <strong>to</strong> engender a lifetime <strong>of</strong> enthusiasm for birds and birding.<br />
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
SRI LANKA WILDLIFE NEWS is a monthly e-mail <strong>of</strong> birding and wildlife events,<br />
sightings and short notes <strong>of</strong> interest <strong>to</strong> birders, pho<strong>to</strong>graphers, conservationists etc. To<br />
receive a copy, please e-mail gehan.slwn@jetwing.lk with "Subscribe Wildlife News" in<br />
<strong>the</strong> subject header. SLWN values your privacy, <strong>to</strong> be removed, e-mail with “Unsubscribe<br />
Wildlife News” in <strong>the</strong> header. Please e-mail your sightings, events etc <strong>to</strong><br />
gehan.slwn@jetwing.lk. The media are welcome <strong>to</strong> extract details, but please attribute <strong>the</strong><br />
source. Past issues are on www.jetwingeco.com<br />
NOV, DEC 2004, JAN, FEB, MARCH<br />
2005<br />
SRI LANKA WILDLIFE NEWS (December 2004/March 2005)<br />
- A compilation by Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne & Ayanthi Samarajewa (March 2005)<br />
HIGHLIGHTS<br />
[*] Elephants and wildlife escape tsunami. See ARTICLES.<br />
[*] Sooty Tern at Adams Bridge, Mannar. See BIRDING & WILDLIFE NEWS.<br />
[*]Behavior <strong>of</strong> Funambulus Palm Squirrels in India and Sri Lanka by Rajith Dissanayake.<br />
See ARTICLES.<br />
[*] Re-building Sri Lanka - <strong>to</strong>urists are coming back. See ARTICLES.<br />
EVENTS SUMMARY<br />
- Thursday 28 April, IUCN, WNPS and SLNHS Lecture by Michael van der Poorten.<br />
6.00 pm SLAAS Audi<strong>to</strong>rium (Sri Lanka Association for <strong>the</strong> Advancement <strong>of</strong> Science).<br />
Vidya Mawatha. Colombo 07. ‘Butterflies <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka’<br />
- Saturday 30 April, Lecture series on birds for beginners. 9.30am - 12.00. NBLT,<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Colombo, Colombo 3. Field Ornithology Group <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka (FOGSL)<br />
Lecture Series. Topic and speaker <strong>to</strong> be finalised.<br />
BIRDING & WILDLIFE NEWS<br />
Ceylon Bird Club Birding News (31 March 2005)<br />
210
12/10/2007<br />
- Chandima Kahandawala reports from Mannar, on 25-26 March, 170-175 Avocets (<strong>the</strong><br />
most recorded in Sri Lanka) in Periya Kalapuwa near Talladi, c.800 Greater Flamingo in<br />
<strong>the</strong> sea by <strong>the</strong> causeway, and several thousands <strong>of</strong> terns and gulls at Adam's Bridge.<br />
- Pathmanath Samaraweera reports in <strong>the</strong> grassland by <strong>the</strong> soccer complex at<br />
Kotte, on 27 March, several birds in BP among: c.100 Lesser Sand Plover,<br />
c.60 Asiatic Golden Plover, four Little Ringed Plover, five Wood Sandpipers<br />
and eight Pintail Snipe.<br />
Namal Kamalgoda reports on 20 th March 2004 from Wilpattu National Park There have<br />
been evening showers for a few days. All <strong>the</strong> willus are full and some roads are under<br />
water. Park is looking brilliant. Looks’ very promising once <strong>the</strong> park dries out a bit. Some<br />
migrants are still present.<br />
On a tip <strong>of</strong>f from Deepal Warakagoda (Eco <strong>Holidays</strong>) on <strong>to</strong>ur with Brian Sykes from<br />
Oriental Bird Club, <strong>the</strong> <strong>Jetwing</strong> Eco <strong>Holidays</strong> team visit <strong>the</strong> Palatupana Salterns on 19 th<br />
March 2005 and were able <strong>to</strong> observe at close proximity a Broad-billed Sandpiper.<br />
Subsequently on <strong>the</strong> same day, Uditha Hettige (Eco <strong>Holidays</strong>) on <strong>to</strong>ur with KIWI<br />
Wildlife observed 3 Broad-billed Sandpipers in Palatupana.<br />
Wicky Wickramasekara (Eco <strong>Holidays</strong>) on <strong>to</strong>ur with Mark & Marina Latham reports 5<br />
Glossy Ibis in Bundala National Park on 27 th Feb 2005. They also report Slatty-legged<br />
Crake at Vic<strong>to</strong>ria Park, Nuwara Eliya on 1 st March 2005.<br />
Ceylon Bird Club Birding News (22 February 2005)<br />
- Chinthaka de Silva reports a Black-capped Kingfisher at Parana Totupola, Yala, on 18<br />
February.<br />
- Sarath Seneviratne and o<strong>the</strong>rs report c. 15,000 Garganey and 5,000 Pintail at Embilikala<br />
Kalpuwa, Bundala, and 25,000 Pintail and 20,000 unidentified ducks at Karagan Lewaya,<br />
Hamban<strong>to</strong>ta, on 20-21 February.<br />
Ceylon Bird Club Birding News (13 February 2005)<br />
- Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne and o<strong>the</strong>rs report a Citrine Wagtail at Uda<br />
Walawe by and north <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> causeway between <strong>the</strong> dam and <strong>the</strong> WNPS<br />
bungalow on 9 and 10 February.<br />
Uditha Hettige (Eco <strong>Holidays</strong>) on <strong>to</strong>ur with Mike Hillman & party reports <strong>the</strong> following;<br />
“At around 12.30 pm on 10 th Feb 2005 I saw a gull flying over The Oasis hotel –<br />
Hambanthota. At first I thought it was a Great-crested Tern because it had a tern like<br />
head shape. But it did not have any black on <strong>the</strong> head. Later I observed it with my<br />
binoculars and with <strong>the</strong> telescope. I realized that it was not a Great-crested Tern and it is<br />
211
12/10/2007<br />
a Gull. After some careful observations and after referred <strong>the</strong> guidebooks and I confirm<br />
and identified it as Slender-billed Gull. According <strong>to</strong> my knowledge this is <strong>the</strong> second<br />
record for <strong>the</strong> country.”<br />
Ceylon Bird Club Birding News (7 February 2005)<br />
- Deepal Warakagoda reports from Uda Walawe NP two new species for Sri Lanka, Redheaded<br />
Bunting and Black-headed Bunting, two males feeding <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r on grass seeds on<br />
<strong>the</strong> ground around <strong>the</strong> Hulankapolla junction, on 7 February, at 7 - 8 a.m, which he<br />
suggests as a good time for seeing <strong>the</strong>m. He also reports an Osprey near Gonaviddagala,<br />
and Indian Red-rumped Swallows <strong>the</strong>re and near <strong>the</strong> Park entrance.<br />
Ceylon Bird Club Birding News (28 January 2005)<br />
- Namal Kamalgoda and o<strong>the</strong>rs report that at Mannar on 22 January <strong>the</strong>re were c. 1,500<br />
Greater Flamingo in <strong>the</strong> sea by <strong>the</strong> causeway and on 23 January c. 100,000 Pintail by <strong>the</strong><br />
Talladi - Vankalai road.<br />
Ceylon Bird Club Birding News (15 January 2005)<br />
- Palitha An<strong>to</strong>ny reports a Black-capped Kingfisher seen from <strong>the</strong> Talpitiya canal bridge<br />
on Galle Road just south <strong>of</strong> Panadura near km post 31.<br />
-Lester Perera reports two White Wagtails at Uda Walawe in <strong>the</strong> marsh alongside and<br />
north <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> causeway between <strong>the</strong> security post and <strong>the</strong> WNPS bungalow.<br />
Wicky Wickramsekara (Eco <strong>Holidays</strong>) on <strong>to</strong>ur with Mr & Mrs Nigel Scott saw <strong>the</strong><br />
White Wagtail in Udawalawa on 12 th January 2005 (first reported by Lester Perera). This<br />
was seen near <strong>the</strong> main Udawalawe-Thanamanwila road on <strong>the</strong> causeway after <strong>the</strong> dam.<br />
It was diagnosed as <strong>the</strong> Sou<strong>the</strong>rn race. Also, near <strong>the</strong> Weheramankada beat <strong>of</strong>fice in <strong>the</strong><br />
Udawalawe National Park <strong>the</strong>y spotted an Orange headed ground Thrush and a Jungle<br />
Owlet.<br />
Lester Perera (Eco <strong>Holidays</strong>) on <strong>to</strong>ur with birding group Alula from Finland, reports<br />
what may be <strong>the</strong> first ever sighting <strong>of</strong> Asian House Martin (Delichon dasypus) in Sri<br />
Lanka at Hunas Falls Hotel, Elkaduwa on 5 th January 2005. A detailed record <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
sighting will be submitted <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Ceylon Bird Club rarities committee for approval. For<br />
those interested in <strong>the</strong> diagnosis, given below are details from A Pocket Guide <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
Birds <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Indian Subcontinent by Grimmett R., Carol Inskipp, and Tim Inskipp (1998).<br />
“Asian House Martin Delichon dasypus 12 cm<br />
Resident. Himalayas. Adult <strong>to</strong>ld from nor<strong>the</strong>rn by dusky underparts, shallower fork <strong>to</strong><br />
shorter tail, darker underwing, and (not always) dusky centers <strong>to</strong> under-tail-coverts; rump<br />
patch <strong>of</strong>ten looks smaller and dirty white. Juvenile has browner upperparts and stronger<br />
dusky wash <strong>to</strong> underparts. Grassy slopes with cliffs, and forest around mountain<br />
212
12/10/2007<br />
villages.”<br />
Dr Athula Dissanayake reports a past sighting <strong>of</strong> Sooty Tern at <strong>the</strong> Adams Bridge,<br />
Mannar in June <strong>of</strong> last year. Several birds were seen at very close range, at <strong>the</strong> 3rd sand<br />
bank <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> chain, as <strong>the</strong>y circled low over us for over 15 minutes. The only similar<br />
species in <strong>the</strong> Sri Lanka list being <strong>the</strong> Bridled tern I <strong>to</strong>ok care <strong>to</strong> identify it as <strong>the</strong> former<br />
and not <strong>the</strong> later. Being an uncommon bird I think this will be a useful sighting.<br />
Elaborating on how <strong>to</strong> separating <strong>the</strong> two Terns; The Bridled and Sooty Terns can at once<br />
be distinguished by <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r terns by <strong>the</strong>ir contrasting dark upper parts and whitish under<br />
parts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> plumage, <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r with <strong>the</strong> deeply forked tails. The sooty is larger and has<br />
very dark- sooty brown or almost black upper parts as against <strong>the</strong> dark brown <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
bridled. The under wing and <strong>the</strong> body is whiter in <strong>the</strong> sooty than <strong>the</strong> greyish <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
bridled. The whitish wing lining contrasts markedly with <strong>the</strong> black flight fea<strong>the</strong>rs <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
sooty tern. The white eye-brow s<strong>to</strong>ps at <strong>the</strong> eye in <strong>the</strong> sooty and continues behind <strong>the</strong> eye<br />
in <strong>the</strong> bridled. Provided one sees <strong>the</strong>m in good light and at fairly close range <strong>the</strong>se<br />
features can be readily made out in <strong>the</strong> field.<br />
Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne, Pradeesh Wanniarachchi and Hasitha Kumaradasa<br />
with Martin Petrich (German Travel Guide writer) visited Kithulgala in December<br />
2004 and give <strong>the</strong> following report.<br />
"A flock <strong>of</strong> Orange-billed Babblers near <strong>the</strong> village <strong>of</strong>fered good opportunities for<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphy. In <strong>the</strong> forest around 3.30 pm, a pair <strong>of</strong> Malabar Trogon drew attention with<br />
<strong>the</strong>ir vocalizations. A series <strong>of</strong> churring calls very different <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> whistled song. A<br />
Crested Drongo caught a big caterpillar and <strong>to</strong>ok several minutes before it swallowed it.<br />
A Layard's Flycatcher was singing, very s<strong>of</strong>tly as usual. It lends <strong>the</strong> impression <strong>of</strong> being<br />
far away when it is only a few feet away. Dragonflies included Black-tipped Demoiselle,<br />
besides a forest trail, away from water. In <strong>the</strong> paddy fields, Potamarcha congener was<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphed. Black Velvet-wing, Asian Pintail and o<strong>the</strong>r common species were<br />
present".<br />
Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne with Kosala Sandaruwan visited Yala from Saturday 11 -<br />
Sunday 12 December 2004. They report "We had 6 or 7 sightings <strong>of</strong> Green Sandpipers in<br />
ephemeral freshwater pools created by <strong>the</strong> rains. Some birds were faithful over <strong>the</strong> two<br />
days <strong>to</strong> specific puddles on <strong>the</strong> middle <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> road. Snipe were also seen besides <strong>the</strong> jeep<br />
tracks. Many wader species were in <strong>the</strong> park including Greenshank, Redshank, Common<br />
Sandpiper, etc. Blue-tailed Bee-eaters were occupying favourite perches during <strong>the</strong> two<br />
days. One Sirkeer Malkoha. At Rukvila, 30 plus Malabar Pied Hornbills were seen.<br />
Possibly <strong>the</strong> largest congregation we have seen. Brown Shrikes and Indian Pitta are all<br />
over <strong>the</strong> park. Due <strong>to</strong> heavy rains, <strong>the</strong> park was flooded. The road from Kirinda <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
park <strong>of</strong>fice was flooded in one section with <strong>the</strong> result that cars had <strong>to</strong> be <strong>to</strong>wed across.<br />
We arrived on Saturday around 1.00 am and had 4 sightings <strong>of</strong> Civet Cat and one Toddy<br />
Cat. We also saw what may have been a Jungle Cat. On Saturday morning on<br />
Handunoruwa Meda Para we had a brief but good sighting <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Handunoruwa Cubs/<br />
The female is very shy and slinked across <strong>the</strong> road. The male crossed over confidently".<br />
213
12/10/2007<br />
Ceylon Bird Club Birding News (2 December 2004)<br />
- Namal Kamalgoda and o<strong>the</strong>rs report 20 - 30 Glossy Ibis at <strong>the</strong> Pillewa fields (a few 100<br />
metres from Boralesgamuwa <strong>to</strong>wards Colombo on <strong>the</strong> main road) usually in <strong>the</strong> Paddy<br />
fields across <strong>the</strong> main road from <strong>the</strong> Pillewa temple in <strong>the</strong> mornings until about 10 a.m.<br />
- Palitha An<strong>to</strong>ny reports six Red-necked Phalarope at <strong>the</strong> Bundala saltpans.<br />
- Upali Ekanayake reports a Highland Nightjar at <strong>the</strong> Peradeniya Gardens.<br />
Chanaka Ellawala was in Yala during <strong>the</strong> last week <strong>of</strong> November. He reports "Had a<br />
couple <strong>of</strong> nice sightings. Leopard cub on a Palu tree on Thalgasmankada Road near<br />
Handunoruwa, must be one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Handunoruwa Cubs. Also a couple <strong>of</strong> bears (sub-adults<br />
perhaps) near Rukwila. Fortunately, <strong>the</strong> wea<strong>the</strong>r was in our favour despite some<br />
intermittent rain".<br />
Lester Perera (Eco <strong>Holidays</strong>) travelling with Tim and Kim McCr<strong>of</strong>t observed an Ashy<br />
Drongo at Siymbalagaswala, Yala on 25th November. During 3 days in Yala <strong>the</strong>y had 3<br />
Bear sighting <strong>of</strong> four Bears and a sighting <strong>of</strong> two Leopard cubs.<br />
Wicky Wickremesekara (Eco <strong>Holidays</strong>) with David and Diane Wright observed a Spotbellied<br />
Eagle Owl near Akasa Chaitya in Yala on 23 November 2004. They also received<br />
a tip <strong>of</strong>f <strong>of</strong> a Long-legged Buzzard from Rukshan Jayawardene and saw <strong>the</strong> bird on 24 th<br />
November on <strong>the</strong> Handunoruwa- Koma Wewa stretch.<br />
Deepal Warakagoda (Eco <strong>Holidays</strong>) travelling with Martin Rowden recorded a Rufousnecked<br />
Stint at <strong>the</strong> Bundala Salterns on 17 November 2004. It has been recorded so far<br />
only on a few occasions. They also had an Orange-headed Thrush and a Small Cuckoo in<br />
Bundala.<br />
Wicky Wickremesekera (Eco <strong>Holidays</strong>) with Mr and Mrs Tragett recorded a pair <strong>of</strong><br />
Painted-lipped Lizard (Calotes ceylonensis) at Akasa Chaitya (Ruhuna National Park) on<br />
8th November, around 9.00 am. It has also been recorded on <strong>the</strong> nature walk around <strong>the</strong><br />
Goda Kalapuwa.<br />
Wicky Wickremesekera (Eco <strong>Holidays</strong>) visited Kithulgala on 3 November with Simon<br />
Rey from Norway. They observed a flock <strong>of</strong> Ceylon Crested Drongo and Scimitar<br />
Babblers. There were around 8-10 Crested Drongos, an unusually high number.<br />
Udaya and Neminda Karunaratne spent 3 days camping at <strong>the</strong> Pilimaddara camp-site<br />
at Udawalawe National Park from <strong>the</strong> 27th <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> 29th Oc<strong>to</strong>ber. They say "We sighted a<br />
number <strong>of</strong> Blue-faced Malkohas but also were unable <strong>to</strong> get any images. On <strong>the</strong> early<br />
morning <strong>of</strong> 29th we spotted a magnificent Brown Wood Owl high up on a tree a distance<br />
214
12/10/2007<br />
away from a culvert and pho<strong>to</strong>graphed it even though <strong>the</strong> available light was very poor.<br />
Much later in <strong>the</strong> afternoon we passed <strong>the</strong> same way and found <strong>the</strong> Owl in <strong>the</strong> exact same<br />
position. Truly a beautiful sight. Magnificent specimen.<br />
The park was stunningly green due <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> rains and I have high praise for <strong>the</strong> park<br />
<strong>of</strong>ficials who have begun <strong>the</strong> painstaking task <strong>of</strong> removing <strong>the</strong> shrub Lantana (Lantana<br />
camara). Sizeable areas have been cleaned <strong>of</strong> this menace and <strong>the</strong> indigenous foliage has<br />
slowly made a comeback. In addition, fauna can be more easily spotted as <strong>the</strong>y graze or<br />
o<strong>the</strong>rwise move about in <strong>the</strong> undergrowth and it was a treat <strong>to</strong> watch herds <strong>of</strong> Spotted<br />
Deer moving about <strong>the</strong> undergrowth with <strong>the</strong> odd flash <strong>of</strong> antlers. 4 individual Whitenecked<br />
S<strong>to</strong>rk were seen <strong>to</strong>o as well 3 Lesser Adjutants plus <strong>the</strong> usual Painted S<strong>to</strong>rk and<br />
o<strong>the</strong>r water birds. We saw plenty <strong>of</strong> Elephant and a lone Bull in musth gave us some<br />
superb pho<strong>to</strong> opportunities. Since we were in <strong>the</strong> park during weekdays we encountered<br />
less than 10 vehicles in all <strong>the</strong> 3 days! We literally had <strong>the</strong> park <strong>to</strong> ourselves.<br />
The park roads were literally crawling with Land Moni<strong>to</strong>rs (Varanus bengalensis<br />
bengalensis) that were feasting on <strong>the</strong> swarming termites all day and more than one<br />
occasion we had <strong>to</strong> alight from <strong>the</strong> vehicle and gently persuade <strong>the</strong> bloated lizards <strong>to</strong><br />
move out <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> way! One ano<strong>the</strong>r occasion when I was driving inside <strong>the</strong> park I had <strong>to</strong><br />
step on <strong>the</strong> brakes <strong>to</strong> avoid running over a tiny Star Tor<strong>to</strong>ise (Geochelone elegans) no<br />
larger than 5 cm in carapace diameter! After taking many pho<strong>to</strong>graphs we sent it on it’s<br />
way wishing it well. It was with dismay that we saw close <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> camp site two piles <strong>of</strong><br />
sand and metal which we were <strong>to</strong>ld by our guide was for <strong>the</strong> construction <strong>of</strong> <strong>to</strong>ilets at <strong>the</strong><br />
camp-site. While <strong>the</strong> construction <strong>of</strong> <strong>to</strong>ilets may be seen as a good thing by some, I<br />
personally feel that a camp site should remain just that; a camping site with all that goes<br />
with it. An ungainly building will only be an eye-sore in what is an o<strong>the</strong>rwise perfect<br />
campsite. Pity…"<br />
ARTICLES/TRIP REPORTS<br />
Funambulus Palm Squirrels in India and Sri Lanka<br />
By Rajith Dissanayake<br />
I am a student studying Funambulus Palm Squirrels in India and Sri Lanka. These<br />
wonderful squirrels <strong>of</strong> which <strong>the</strong>re are five recognised species, have based on my<br />
research, been revised morphologically <strong>to</strong> at least 6 new species with 7 a possibility<br />
(unpublished). You cannot miss <strong>the</strong>se stripy squirrels in Sri Lanka but <strong>the</strong> rare ones -<br />
layardi and sublineatus are not readily seen. Funambulus layardi has recently been<br />
declared endemic <strong>to</strong> Sri Lanka, something I long suspected. It should be treated with <strong>the</strong><br />
same reverence as any endemic bird. I suspect that <strong>the</strong>re is an extra unnamed<br />
Funambulus species in Sri Lanka though it's relationships <strong>to</strong> any <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>rs is unclear.<br />
It is likely <strong>to</strong> be allied <strong>to</strong> F. tristriatus in India though resembles palmarum. If <strong>the</strong>re are<br />
any in Sri Lanka who have made observations <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se squirrels, especially <strong>the</strong> rarer ones<br />
please contact me. Collaboration is welcome. rajith@clara.co.uk. Rajith Dissanayake,<br />
23 Ranmoor Gardens, Harrow HA1 1UQ, UK.<br />
215
12/10/2007<br />
NEW BOOKS<br />
Some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> following details are from <strong>the</strong> publisher's press releases.<br />
‘Encounters: A journey Through The Wild” is <strong>the</strong> work <strong>of</strong> four friends, united in <strong>the</strong>ir<br />
love for <strong>the</strong> wild places <strong>of</strong> Sri-Lanka. This book contains a selection <strong>of</strong> over 170<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphs that inspired <strong>the</strong> authors for reason <strong>of</strong> color, composition, rarity <strong>of</strong> species,<br />
moods and action. The diversity <strong>of</strong> Sri-Lanka’s wildlife, both in subject and location, is<br />
amply demonstrated in this book. The book has also published for <strong>the</strong> first time<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphs from Mannar and Wilpattu after <strong>the</strong> cease-fire. None <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> images in this<br />
book have been digitally or o<strong>the</strong>rwise, altered or modified. The book is <strong>the</strong> work <strong>of</strong><br />
Gehan Rajapakse, Namal Kamalgoda, Palitha An<strong>to</strong>ny and Sarinda Unamboowe<br />
This book created his<strong>to</strong>ry by pre-selling <strong>the</strong> first 1000 copies, makingit one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> most<br />
sought after wildlife books printed in recent times. The book is now available at all<br />
leading bookshops and on <strong>the</strong> web at www.nhbs.com<br />
The authors have set aside 25% <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> proceeds from this book for conservation work.<br />
For more information visit <strong>the</strong>ir website www.zero3images.com or email <strong>the</strong>m on<br />
zero3images@yahoo.com<br />
ELEPHANTS AND WILDLIFE ESCAPE TSUNAMI<br />
By Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne<br />
The scale <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> human tragedy is so vast, <strong>the</strong> impact on <strong>the</strong> wildlife, almost does not<br />
warrant concern. Certainly it seems <strong>of</strong> almost little consequence in a tragedy which saw<br />
so many lives lost. A little comfort in <strong>the</strong> tragedy is that <strong>the</strong> Yala National Park and its<br />
animals have survived <strong>the</strong> Tsunami almost unsca<strong>the</strong>d. There was some confusion in <strong>the</strong><br />
minds <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> public that <strong>the</strong>re was heavy damage <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> park because <strong>the</strong>re was a terrible<br />
death <strong>to</strong>ll <strong>of</strong> humans. However, during <strong>the</strong> four days (26 - 29 December) I spent looking<br />
for survivors and <strong>the</strong> dead, I did not see any dead animals, except for a dead fish. The<br />
park <strong>of</strong>ficials I spoke <strong>to</strong> also confirmed <strong>the</strong> absence <strong>of</strong> dead animals. Why this maybe so,<br />
I will answer later.<br />
Within <strong>the</strong> park, tragedy struck at Patanangala, a bowl shaped depression where <strong>the</strong><br />
Patanangala ridge, slopes down in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> sea. This is a popular picnic site where people<br />
come <strong>to</strong> stretch <strong>the</strong>ir legs after a morning game drive. From around 8.30 am, people who<br />
have finished <strong>the</strong>ir morning game drive start <strong>to</strong> arrive at Patanangala, <strong>to</strong> enjoy <strong>the</strong> beach.<br />
Patanangala and ano<strong>the</strong>r site besides <strong>the</strong> Menik River are two designated places where<br />
people are allowed <strong>to</strong> alight from vehicles in Block 1 <strong>of</strong> Yala National Park.<br />
[The full text <strong>of</strong> this article, which has been published in <strong>the</strong> local newspapers, is<br />
available on http://www.jetwingeco.com/ ]<br />
TSUNAMI REQUEST<br />
216
12/10/2007<br />
Request by Lalith Seneviratne, on behalf <strong>of</strong> M.R. Mohamed, Warden, Yala East<br />
A group <strong>of</strong> well-wishers have decided <strong>to</strong> focus on rehabilitating (physically) <strong>the</strong> Malay<br />
community <strong>of</strong> between 200 - 250 families in <strong>the</strong> Hamban<strong>to</strong>ta / Kirinde area. Information<br />
on 200 families have so far been collected and it is believed that <strong>the</strong>re are about 30 - 50<br />
more who have been directly affected by <strong>the</strong> Tsunami.<br />
The 200 families listed so far have had 1028 people <strong>of</strong> which 798 are ei<strong>the</strong>r dead or<br />
missing. Every family has - at <strong>the</strong> very least - lost <strong>the</strong>ir house and possessions. Many<br />
have lost <strong>the</strong>ir livelihoods as well (shops, fishing boats, nets etc.) The kids have lost <strong>the</strong>ir<br />
schools. Some need counselling. What we are hoping <strong>to</strong> do is <strong>to</strong> help <strong>the</strong>m turn this<br />
tragedy in<strong>to</strong> a strength, by giving <strong>the</strong>m a common focus on which <strong>to</strong> rebuild <strong>the</strong>ir lives<br />
and spirit - <strong>the</strong> will <strong>to</strong> better <strong>the</strong>mselves and a vehicle with which <strong>to</strong> do it.<br />
This particular community is descended from a regiment <strong>of</strong> malay troops which was<br />
stationed in Hamban<strong>to</strong>ta during <strong>the</strong> first world war, who remained in <strong>the</strong> area after <strong>the</strong><br />
war and married in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> local community. They have traditionally been trackers,<br />
govt.servants (lower levels), teachers, small scale traders and fishermen. Our contact <strong>to</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> community has been through M.R. Mohamed - Warden, Yala East N.P. one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
most dedicated and enthusiastic wildlife <strong>of</strong>ficers. He has a wife, Rizviya, and three<br />
children - Rahuman (Boy 10), Raheema (girl 7) and Ahmed (boy 4). Miraculously, <strong>the</strong><br />
five <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m survived intact - one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> very few (perhaps only?) nuclear family intact in<br />
that community. However <strong>the</strong>ir house and everything in it was flattened. The only item<br />
<strong>the</strong>y recovered was little Raheema's scooter. O<strong>the</strong>r than that, <strong>the</strong>y were left with <strong>the</strong><br />
clo<strong>the</strong>s <strong>the</strong>y were wearing. The o<strong>the</strong>r members <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir family were not so lucky. Six<br />
people in <strong>the</strong>ir immediate extended family (i.e. bro<strong>the</strong>rs, sisters, uncles aunts) are missing<br />
with only 2 bodies recovered. His uncle's entire family is gone except for a fourteen year<br />
old boy who is now an orphan.<br />
Being a government servant <strong>of</strong> some experience Mohamed has taken <strong>the</strong> coordina<strong>to</strong>r role<br />
for <strong>the</strong>ir community. They will form a rehabilitation society within <strong>the</strong>ir community<br />
which will function as <strong>the</strong> clearing house and coordina<strong>to</strong>r <strong>of</strong> all rehabilitation work and<br />
assistance for <strong>the</strong> community. Mohamed's Uncle who is a respected senior member <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
community will probably be <strong>the</strong> president, with Mohamed being <strong>the</strong> secretary.<br />
Meanwhile some members <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> community who jointly own slightly over 18 acres <strong>of</strong><br />
scrub land in <strong>the</strong> area have <strong>of</strong>fered <strong>to</strong> gift it as a site for a new <strong>to</strong>wnship for <strong>the</strong><br />
community.<br />
Anyone willing <strong>to</strong> help Mohamed personally or <strong>the</strong> community as a whole can do so by<br />
contacting him at 077 691 4334 or 011 286 2464. Thank you.<br />
Sri Lanka Wildlife Conservation Society has a web site, which has information on post<br />
tsunami developments. It has details on a tsunami damage mapping project done on <strong>the</strong><br />
behest <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> DWLC. For more information visit www.SLWCS.org. You can also listen<br />
<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> 2 radio programs about this on www.npr.com<br />
217
12/10/2007<br />
PRESS RELEASES<br />
RE-BUILDING SRI LANKA - TOURISTS ARE COMING BACK by Gehan de<br />
Silva Wijeyeratne<br />
On <strong>the</strong> 26th <strong>of</strong> December, I travelled with senior colleagues <strong>to</strong> join rescue teams who<br />
were searching for survivors and <strong>the</strong> dead. By <strong>the</strong> fourth day (30th December), many <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> dead had been buried and <strong>the</strong> thoughts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> local communities turned <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir future.<br />
They don't want <strong>to</strong> live <strong>of</strong>f relief aid. Many people from park staff <strong>to</strong> jeep drivers <strong>to</strong><br />
wayside kiosk owners asked me <strong>to</strong> re-start business as soon as possible. They repeatedly<br />
said that <strong>the</strong> best way we can help is <strong>to</strong> bring <strong>to</strong>urists back and re-start <strong>the</strong> local economy.<br />
Many <strong>to</strong>ur opera<strong>to</strong>r and embassies did ask <strong>to</strong>urists in <strong>the</strong> affected coastal areas <strong>to</strong><br />
evacuate <strong>the</strong> island. However some <strong>to</strong>urists did stay on as <strong>the</strong>y were not hindering relief<br />
efforts and knew that by staying on, <strong>the</strong>y were bringing in much needed money <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
economy. The media, especially television coverage may lend <strong>the</strong> impression that <strong>the</strong><br />
entire island is devastated or at least that all <strong>of</strong> coastal <strong>to</strong>urism is destroyed. This is<br />
clearly not so. Certainly some hotels on <strong>the</strong> coast have been badly damaged or destroyed.<br />
But many are fully operational.<br />
[The full text <strong>of</strong> this article, which has been published in <strong>the</strong> local newspapers, is<br />
available on http://www.jetwingeco.com/]<br />
Post tsunami Eco<strong>to</strong>urist see New Birds in Sri Lanka (Uda Walawe)<br />
- Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne<br />
Eco-<strong>to</strong>urists and birdwatchers who have heeded calls <strong>to</strong> travel <strong>to</strong> Tsunami struck Sri<br />
Lanka, <strong>to</strong> resurrect <strong>to</strong>urism, are being rewarded with sightings <strong>of</strong> rare migrants. Redheaded<br />
Bunting, Black-headed Bunting two migrant species <strong>of</strong> birds, not recorded before<br />
in Sri Lanka have been observed at Uda Walawe National Park. Uda Walawe better<br />
known for elephants, has suddenly become a birding hot spot for rare migrants. Adding <strong>to</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> list <strong>of</strong> rarities are Citrine Wagtail and White Wagtail recorded at <strong>the</strong> Uda Walawe<br />
Causeway, a few meters from <strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> embankment en route <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> park <strong>of</strong>fice.<br />
Inside <strong>the</strong> national park, <strong>the</strong> scarce but regular migrants Blyth's Pipit and Indian Redrumped<br />
Swallows have also been observed.<br />
The s<strong>to</strong>ry <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Buntings began with Deepal Warakagoda (Eco <strong>Holidays</strong> Master<br />
Naturalist) who was on <strong>to</strong>ur with clients from KingBird Tours. The discoverer <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
Serendib Scops Owl, had been having a successful <strong>to</strong>ur with sightings <strong>of</strong> both <strong>the</strong><br />
Serendib Scops Owl and <strong>the</strong> Ceylon Bay Owl. The latter had been observed less than<br />
handful <strong>of</strong> times in <strong>the</strong> wild. This was <strong>the</strong> first time that it has been seen on a birding<br />
<strong>to</strong>ur. At Wirawila, Deepal met Susantha Weerappulige, a tracker from Uda Walawe<br />
National Park. Susantha drew Deepal's attention <strong>to</strong> an unidentified sparrow like bird he<br />
had seen. Deepal made note <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> presence <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> bird's location at <strong>the</strong> Hulankapolla<br />
Junction. When he arrived at Uda Walawe National Park, for a morning game drive with<br />
218
12/10/2007<br />
his clients, he searched <strong>the</strong> area around Hulankapolla Junction. To his delight, he found a<br />
Red-headed Bunting, a species not recorded from Sri Lanka before. The Red-headed<br />
Bunting flew away and joined ano<strong>the</strong>r bird. To his as<strong>to</strong>nishment, Deepal found that <strong>the</strong><br />
o<strong>the</strong>r bird was a Black-headed Bunting, yet ano<strong>the</strong>r species which had no been recorded<br />
from Sri Lanka.<br />
[The full text <strong>of</strong> this article, which has been published in <strong>the</strong> local newspapers, is<br />
available on http://www.jetwingeco.com/]<br />
Nature Pho<strong>to</strong>grapher Competition not <strong>to</strong> be held in 2005<br />
The Nature Pho<strong>to</strong>grapher Competition sponsored by FujiFilm, <strong>Jetwing</strong> and HSBC will<br />
not be held this year.<br />
During its four years, <strong>the</strong> Nature Pho<strong>to</strong>grapher Competition has been very successful in<br />
raising <strong>the</strong> standards <strong>of</strong> pho<strong>to</strong>graphy and giving <strong>the</strong> media access <strong>to</strong> high quality<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphic images <strong>to</strong> showcase <strong>the</strong> country's bio-diversity.<br />
The organizers wish <strong>to</strong> thank all <strong>the</strong> participants and <strong>the</strong> media who helped <strong>to</strong> make this<br />
event a success in <strong>the</strong> last four years.<br />
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
SRI LANKA WILDLIFE NEWS is a monthly e-mail <strong>of</strong> birding and wildlife events,<br />
sightings and short notes <strong>of</strong> interest <strong>to</strong> birders, pho<strong>to</strong>graphers, conservationists etc. To<br />
receive a copy, please e-mail gehan@jetwing.lk with "Subscribe Wildlife News" in <strong>the</strong><br />
subject header. SLWN values your privacy, <strong>to</strong> be removed, e-mail with “Unsubscribe<br />
Wildlife News” in <strong>the</strong> header. Please e-mail your sightings, events etc <strong>to</strong><br />
gehan@jetwing.lk. The media are welcome <strong>to</strong> extract details, but please attribute <strong>the</strong><br />
source. Past issues are on www.jetwingeco.com<br />
SEPTEMBER & OCTOBER 2004<br />
Dear all feel free <strong>to</strong> circulate. To contribute or <strong>to</strong> un-subscribe, please see below.<br />
Regards Gehan<br />
SRI LANKA WILDLIFE NEWS (September & Oc<strong>to</strong>ber 2004)<br />
- A compilation by Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne (1 November 2004)<br />
(assisted by Ayanthi Samarajewa)<br />
HIGHLIGHTS<br />
219
12/10/2007<br />
[*] New publications include Yala, Leopards & O<strong>the</strong>r Wildlife, Shorebirds an artist<br />
in <strong>the</strong> field, Mammals in Sri Lanka, Wilds <strong>of</strong> Lanka, Jungle Journeys in Sri Lanka<br />
and Ecology <strong>of</strong> Sinharaja Rain Forest and <strong>the</strong> Forest Dynamics Plot (See NEW<br />
BOOKS).<br />
[*] Reasons against possible translocation <strong>of</strong> leopards by Andrew Kittle and Anjali<br />
Watson and Natural His<strong>to</strong>ry Report from Yala (See REPORTS/ARTICLES)<br />
[*] Siraj Kottegoda writes on a journey in Sri Lanka encountering rainforests and<br />
leopards<br />
EVENTS SUMMARY<br />
Thursday 4 November at 6 p.m., The Wildlife and Nature Protection Society <strong>of</strong> Sri<br />
Lanka (WNPS) will host a talk by Dr Rohan Pethiyagoda on "Hanuman's Bridge and<br />
Sri Lanka's Endemic Species" - an illustrated talk about our endemic species, how <strong>the</strong>y<br />
evolved and how many we have left. This will be held at <strong>the</strong> Sri Lanka Association for<br />
<strong>the</strong> Advancement <strong>of</strong> Science (SLAAS), Vidya Mawatha, Colombo 7.<br />
Wednesday 17 November at 6.30 pm. How sightings turn in<strong>to</strong> Pho<strong>to</strong>graphs -<br />
Immortalising memorable moments in <strong>the</strong> wild by Rukshan Jayewardena. SLNHS-<br />
<strong>Jetwing</strong> - Barefoot Lecture Series, Barefoot Gallery, 704, Galle Road, Colombo 3.<br />
.<br />
BIRDING & WILDLIFE NEWS<br />
Most migrant birds have arrived by now in Oc<strong>to</strong>ber. Blue-tailed Bee-eaters, Brown<br />
Shrikes, Indian Pittas and Brown Flycatchers have now established <strong>the</strong>mselves in suitable<br />
areas even in busy cities such as Colombo.<br />
Heavy rains were experienced in mid September in areas around Sinharaja. The roads<br />
near Badureliya was flooded and access <strong>to</strong> Sinharaja from <strong>the</strong> Matugama side was not<br />
possible on a few days as a result.<br />
Dr Chong-Yee Khoo reports from Huns Falls "My wife and I stayed at Hunas Falls<br />
Hotel during <strong>the</strong> last week <strong>of</strong> September and thoroughly enjoyed ourselves <strong>the</strong>re. We had<br />
a walk on Simpson's trail with Prasantha, and although I'm not a bird watcher (my<br />
interest is in orchids), had lots <strong>of</strong> fun with <strong>the</strong> spotting scope. We even saw <strong>the</strong> Sri Lanka<br />
Frogmouth and <strong>to</strong>ok some pictures!<br />
I think it's a great idea <strong>to</strong> have a resident naturalist, and it was particularly nice <strong>to</strong> share in<br />
<strong>the</strong> enthusiasm <strong>of</strong> Prasantha. His keen eye and fount <strong>of</strong> knowledge meant that we saw<br />
much more than we would have o<strong>the</strong>rwise".<br />
Chanaka Ellawala, Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne and <strong>the</strong>ir families visited <strong>the</strong> Kala<br />
Wewa from <strong>the</strong> Kaladiya Bungalow on 24 September. They observed two tuskers<br />
amongst a herd <strong>of</strong> ten elephants.<br />
Jungle Owlets and Scops Owls at Arugambay - Vernon Tissera<br />
220
12/10/2007<br />
Toge<strong>the</strong>r with with Sunela Jayawardene, Karu and her two daughters, we had <strong>the</strong> fortune<br />
<strong>of</strong> seeing a family <strong>of</strong> Jungle Owlets and Little Scops Owl at “Hideaway” in Arugam Bay<br />
in <strong>the</strong> last week <strong>of</strong> September. The young Jungle Owlet did not have <strong>the</strong> lateral markings<br />
on its body as did its parents, which helped us <strong>to</strong> identify it as a young. It was a bit<br />
smaller than <strong>the</strong> parents. All three was very wary <strong>of</strong> us and kept flying on <strong>to</strong> ano<strong>the</strong>r tree<br />
if we got <strong>to</strong>o close.<br />
Common Indian Palm Civet eating a Forsten's Cat Snake<br />
Nadeera Weerasinghe, Naturalist <strong>of</strong> Yala Safari Game Lodge reports that, “on 11 th<br />
September 2004 around 8.30 pm, in <strong>the</strong> vicinity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> restaurant he had seen a part <strong>of</strong> a<br />
snake under a Palu tree. This part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> body about 6 inches in length had <strong>the</strong> head intact,<br />
but was badly beaten and <strong>the</strong>re were signs <strong>of</strong> canine punctures on <strong>the</strong> head. However,<br />
Nadeera had been able <strong>to</strong> identify <strong>the</strong> snake as a Forsten's Cat Snake (Bioga forsteni).<br />
His attention had been drawn <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> upper branches <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tree and had seen a fullygrown<br />
Common Indian Palm Civet (Pardoxurus hermaphroditus hermaphorditus)<br />
munching <strong>the</strong> rest <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Cat Snake's body. He and <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>rs who had ga<strong>the</strong>red had<br />
witnessed this incident, for nearly 40 minutes and had managed <strong>to</strong> take pho<strong>to</strong>graphs<br />
without disturbing <strong>the</strong> Indian Palm Civet feasting on <strong>the</strong> dead body. Nadeera has<br />
estimated, <strong>the</strong> length <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Cat Snake, <strong>to</strong> be around 4 feet.<br />
REPORTS/ARTICLES<br />
Reasons against possible translocation <strong>of</strong> leopards (Pan<strong>the</strong>ra pardus<br />
kotiya)<br />
- Andrew Kittle and Anjali Watson<br />
The Leopard Project, The Wilderness & Wildlife Conservation Trust<br />
This article is concerned with leopard (Pan<strong>the</strong>ra pardus kotiya) populations adjacent <strong>to</strong> or<br />
in <strong>the</strong> vicinity <strong>of</strong> Municipal areas and <strong>to</strong>wns. During our ongoing leopard survey within<br />
<strong>the</strong> island we have been moni<strong>to</strong>ring populations <strong>of</strong> leopard that coexist in areas close <strong>to</strong><br />
human populated zones. The Dunumadalawa forest reserve (Wakara watte) located<br />
within <strong>the</strong> Municipal limits <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>wn <strong>of</strong> Kandy, Central Province, Sri Lanka is one<br />
such area. We conducted leopard research within this reserve from Oc<strong>to</strong>ber 2003 until<br />
May 2004. There are many o<strong>the</strong>r areas in varying habitat zones that fall under similar<br />
categorizations as Dunumadalawa and encounter <strong>the</strong> same issues addressed in this article.<br />
We are aware <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> low-level human-leopard conflict that is occurring on <strong>the</strong> periphery<br />
<strong>of</strong> many reserve lands. This conflict is essentially in <strong>the</strong> form <strong>of</strong> some border-area<br />
residents complaining that <strong>the</strong> leopards within <strong>the</strong> reserve are periodically killing both<br />
lives<strong>to</strong>ck and pet dogs. Over <strong>the</strong> course <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> eight months that we conducted our study<br />
in <strong>the</strong> Dunumadalawa area we have seen evidence <strong>of</strong> this conflict and had conversations<br />
with many area residents regarding this problem. It has been brought <strong>to</strong> our attention that<br />
some residents have called on <strong>the</strong> DWLC <strong>to</strong> do something about this perceived conflict<br />
221
12/10/2007<br />
and that <strong>the</strong> possibility <strong>of</strong> translocating one or more leopards from this reserve has been<br />
discussed.<br />
We believe that <strong>the</strong> translocation <strong>of</strong> a leopard or leopards from this watershed reserve or<br />
any o<strong>the</strong>r area is not a worthwhile option. The reasons for our objections <strong>to</strong> this have<br />
largely come about as a result <strong>of</strong> our field research in <strong>the</strong> reserve, as well as our four<br />
years <strong>of</strong> ongoing leopard research in <strong>the</strong> country and many years <strong>of</strong> prior work in <strong>the</strong><br />
field <strong>of</strong> rehabilitation and reintroduction <strong>of</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r species. In addition <strong>to</strong> this a literature<br />
review and communications with o<strong>the</strong>r international scientists regarding translocations<br />
has also turned up a strong case against translocation. A study concentrating on<br />
moni<strong>to</strong>ring man-leopard conflict and follow up <strong>of</strong> tranlsocated leopards, just released by<br />
one <strong>of</strong> our colleagues in India (Athreya et al. 2004<br />
http://www.ncra.tifr.res.in/~rathreya/JunnarLeopards/) is also strongly recommending<br />
against this option. Ano<strong>the</strong>r excellent reference regarding this issue comes from P.H.<br />
Hamil<strong>to</strong>n’s 1981 report entitled “The leopard (Pan<strong>the</strong>ra pardus) and cheetah (Acinonyx<br />
jubatus) in Kenya: Ecology, Status, Conservation, Management”.<br />
The reason we bring this <strong>to</strong>pic in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> public forum at all is <strong>to</strong> make it known that<br />
translocations as a possible solution should it be considered in any case is not a viable<br />
option, especially in a country where fortunately such conflict is low. We also set out<br />
recommendations that must be seriously considered in this time <strong>of</strong> ‘development’ in Sri<br />
Lanka if conflict is <strong>to</strong> be kept at a low and any escalation prevented.<br />
Reasons against translocations:<br />
1. Translocating wildlife, especially <strong>to</strong>p preda<strong>to</strong>rs such as <strong>the</strong> leopard, should only<br />
be used as a last resort.<br />
a. Wild animals gain a great deal <strong>of</strong> knowledge about all aspects <strong>of</strong> survival from<br />
<strong>the</strong>ir nurturing in <strong>the</strong> wild. This is particularly true <strong>of</strong> higher order mammals such as <strong>the</strong><br />
leopard. Transferring an animal from one habitat type in<strong>to</strong> a different, alien habitat<br />
usually results in <strong>the</strong> inability <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> animal <strong>to</strong> adapt <strong>to</strong> its new surroundings. A new prey<br />
base, new competi<strong>to</strong>rs and <strong>the</strong> potential <strong>of</strong> a new climate can have tremendously adverse<br />
effects on <strong>the</strong> survival potential <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> animal in question. Moving a leopard from <strong>the</strong><br />
hills <strong>to</strong> Yala, Knuckles or even <strong>to</strong> Hor<strong>to</strong>n Plains for instance would be essentially<br />
equivalent <strong>to</strong> shooting <strong>the</strong> leopard in <strong>the</strong> first place.<br />
b. Drugs required <strong>to</strong> affect a translocation in <strong>the</strong> wild are no<strong>to</strong>riously difficult <strong>to</strong><br />
administer in appropriate doses. This situation is escalated when no prior moni<strong>to</strong>ring <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> animal is conducted as is <strong>the</strong> case in most translocations.<br />
2. Sri Lanka does not appear <strong>to</strong> have open areas in which <strong>to</strong> introduce new animals.<br />
Moving a leopard from one are (e.g. Dunumadalawa) in<strong>to</strong> ano<strong>the</strong>r area is a disturbance <strong>to</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> new area. Even if <strong>the</strong> problems with habitat adjustment described above are ignored,<br />
<strong>the</strong> translocated leopard would be unlikely <strong>to</strong> survive because he/she would be placed<br />
in<strong>to</strong> an environment already inhabited by an existing leopard population. Leopards are<br />
222
12/10/2007<br />
terri<strong>to</strong>rial and unlike some o<strong>the</strong>r species, do not simply move over <strong>to</strong> accommodate new<br />
arrivals; instead it is likely that <strong>the</strong> new arrival would be constantly harried by <strong>the</strong><br />
existing population. In all likelihood it would be killed or constantly moved from one<br />
location <strong>to</strong> ano<strong>the</strong>r with no ability <strong>to</strong> establish itself in <strong>the</strong> new environment. If a<br />
translocated animal did manage <strong>to</strong> establish itself in <strong>the</strong> new environment it would be at<br />
<strong>the</strong> expense <strong>of</strong> an already existing member <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> population. In ei<strong>the</strong>r event <strong>the</strong> net<br />
effect on <strong>the</strong> Sri Lankan population would be <strong>to</strong> lose one leopard. While in extreme<br />
cases <strong>the</strong> zoo might appear <strong>to</strong> be an option, <strong>the</strong> Colombo Zoo is already badly<br />
overburdened with captive leopards.<br />
3. There is more than one leopard living in <strong>the</strong>se forest areas/reserves. We have<br />
detected a minimum <strong>of</strong> three leopards (2 adult) that live (resident) within <strong>the</strong><br />
Dunumadalawa reserve and it is very possible that at least one more utilizes <strong>the</strong> reserve<br />
as part <strong>of</strong> its home-range. There is one female and her presently one <strong>to</strong> one and a half<br />
year old cub who are resident in <strong>the</strong> reserve and one adult male whose home range<br />
includes <strong>the</strong> reserve. Fur<strong>the</strong>rmore it is likely that ano<strong>the</strong>r female utilizes certain segments<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> reserve as well as <strong>the</strong> occasional inhabitation by young animals, possibly prior<br />
litters <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> females. Therefore it would take a considerable effort <strong>to</strong> remove all <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
leopards from <strong>the</strong> reserve. It is a distinct possibility that <strong>the</strong> reason for <strong>the</strong> increase in <strong>the</strong><br />
perceived conflict over <strong>the</strong> course <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> last few months (end 2003-begining 2004) is<br />
because <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> existence <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> mo<strong>the</strong>r and cub. Female leopards need <strong>to</strong> kill more<br />
frequently when <strong>the</strong>y have young and <strong>of</strong>ten <strong>the</strong>y rely on easier prey <strong>to</strong> minimize energy<br />
expenditure. This appears <strong>to</strong> be consistent with <strong>the</strong> oscillating trend <strong>of</strong> dog deaths which<br />
seems <strong>to</strong> peak periodically and <strong>the</strong>n decline again approximately every two years (time<br />
span between cubs). This scenario that is occurring at Dunumadalawa is reflective <strong>of</strong><br />
o<strong>the</strong>r populations living adjacent <strong>to</strong> and in reserves and forested areas close <strong>to</strong> human<br />
habitation. Our surveys show similar trends in village areas in Bogawantalawa,<br />
Agarapatana, Wilgamuwa, Galgadawela, Kaikawala, Meemure and areas around<br />
Haycock mountain (S. personal communication).<br />
4. These leopard populations do not exist in isolation. They are dynamic<br />
populations that are connected <strong>to</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r forest reserves via tea, rubber estates and pine<br />
plantations. For example patchy connected areas appear <strong>to</strong> extend from Dunumadalawa<br />
at <strong>the</strong> nor<strong>the</strong>rn terminus, south through Heeressagala, Hantane, Galaha and beyond <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
Pidruatalagala protected area and on <strong>to</strong> Hor<strong>to</strong>n Plains and Peak Wilderness. Therefore<br />
<strong>the</strong> removal <strong>of</strong> one leopard would simply be counteracted by <strong>the</strong> arrival <strong>of</strong> a new leopard.<br />
Already <strong>the</strong> survival rate <strong>of</strong> cubs <strong>to</strong> adulthood in most leopard populations is less than<br />
50%. This is because leopards are terri<strong>to</strong>rial and <strong>the</strong>ir structure makes it difficult for new<br />
recruits <strong>to</strong> establish <strong>the</strong>mselves. Taking one leopard from a population would have<br />
almost no effect if that population is connected in such a way as <strong>to</strong> allow <strong>the</strong> influx <strong>of</strong><br />
new animals. Therefore <strong>the</strong> best that can be hoped for by removing one leopard is a<br />
temporary respite from any human-leopard conflict until a new animal moves in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
vacated area. In fact a form <strong>of</strong> translocation has already been affected in many areas with<br />
<strong>the</strong> poaching <strong>of</strong> leopards. Dunumadalawa forest reserve has had two male leopards and<br />
one o<strong>the</strong>r (probably a female) removed by poachers over <strong>the</strong> course <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> past 2 years.<br />
This appears <strong>to</strong> have had no effect on <strong>the</strong> low-level preying on domestic animals.<br />
223
12/10/2007<br />
5. The leopard is not <strong>the</strong> only preda<strong>to</strong>r that is interacting with lives<strong>to</strong>ck and pets. A<br />
number <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> reports that we have investigated <strong>of</strong> dogs being taken by leopards have<br />
turned out not <strong>to</strong> be leopards at all, but fishing cats (Felis viverrinus). Therefore <strong>the</strong> lowlevel<br />
conflict would not be solved even were all <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> leopards in and around <strong>the</strong><br />
reserves/areas translocated. While we do not know <strong>the</strong> exact number <strong>of</strong> fishing cats<br />
within <strong>the</strong>se areas <strong>the</strong>y are not uncommon.<br />
6. Most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> dogs and lives<strong>to</strong>ck killed by leopards are killed inside <strong>the</strong> reserves.<br />
Many dogs that live on <strong>the</strong> periphery actively enter <strong>the</strong> forested areas for a variety <strong>of</strong><br />
reasons including chasing deer. In this way it is not entirely unnatural for a leopard <strong>to</strong><br />
prey upon a dog within <strong>the</strong> forest. There are some incidents where a leopard has entered<br />
a compound <strong>to</strong> take a dog but this is very much <strong>the</strong> exception <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> rule- with <strong>the</strong> said<br />
compound being on <strong>the</strong> very edge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> forest.<br />
7. The degree <strong>of</strong> human-leopard conflict is at a low level and has been so for many<br />
years. Many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> old, long-established residents <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> areas bordering <strong>the</strong> forest<br />
reserves are well aware <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> complications inherent with living on <strong>the</strong> border <strong>of</strong> a<br />
healthy forest and, while upsetting, do not begrudge <strong>the</strong> leopards <strong>the</strong>ir occasional<br />
interactions with pets. Some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> forests have matured over <strong>the</strong> last few decades and as<br />
such are now permanent homes <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> wildlife. It is mostly <strong>the</strong> newer residents, most <strong>of</strong><br />
whom are unaware <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> existence or extent <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> forest adjacent <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>m, that are<br />
particularly upset by <strong>the</strong> incidents <strong>of</strong> conflict.<br />
We believe that <strong>the</strong> above-stated reasons are sufficient <strong>to</strong> explain why <strong>the</strong> option <strong>of</strong><br />
translocation <strong>of</strong> leopards is a poor one. However we also recognize that <strong>the</strong>re is a<br />
problem perceived in some areas with regards <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> conflict between <strong>the</strong> leopards <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
forest reserve and <strong>the</strong> pets/lives<strong>to</strong>ck belonging <strong>to</strong> people on <strong>the</strong> peripheries <strong>of</strong> that<br />
reserve.<br />
We suggest a number <strong>of</strong> steps be taken far in advance <strong>of</strong> any consideration <strong>of</strong><br />
translocation <strong>of</strong> individuals. We have through our project already initiated such<br />
procedures.<br />
1. An awareness campaign. It is imperative that people living in <strong>the</strong> immediate<br />
vicinity <strong>of</strong> forest areas are aware that <strong>the</strong> forest is a large and healthy one that connects <strong>to</strong><br />
o<strong>the</strong>r forest habitats and that it contains in most instances wild boar, barking/axis deer,<br />
pythons, cobras, fishing cats and leopards. Only people that are willing <strong>to</strong> live in <strong>the</strong><br />
vicinity <strong>of</strong> such a forest would <strong>the</strong>n become new residents.<br />
2. An education campaign. People need <strong>to</strong> know how <strong>to</strong> live in <strong>the</strong> proximity <strong>of</strong><br />
such forests. It is important that <strong>the</strong>y understand what <strong>the</strong>y can do <strong>to</strong> minimize <strong>the</strong><br />
likelihood <strong>of</strong> conflict with wildlife. Already we have encouraged home-owners on <strong>the</strong><br />
periphery <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se forests <strong>to</strong> fence in <strong>the</strong>ir gardens. This not only discourages leopards<br />
but also <strong>the</strong> wild boar that continually enter <strong>the</strong> properties <strong>to</strong> root in <strong>the</strong> gardens. In<br />
addition it is important that people take precautionary steps <strong>to</strong> ensure <strong>the</strong> safety <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir<br />
224
12/10/2007<br />
dogs. This can be by putting up a dog-house or keeping <strong>the</strong> dog inside at night or simply<br />
not letting <strong>the</strong> dog enter <strong>the</strong> forest especially at dawn, dusk and at night.<br />
3. Increased protection within <strong>the</strong> reserve and in adjacent areas. One possible reason<br />
for any potential increase in <strong>the</strong> human-leopard conflict is <strong>the</strong> reduction in <strong>the</strong> leopard’s<br />
natural prey base. While relevant departmental staff, based at <strong>the</strong> forest reserves, does<br />
<strong>the</strong>ir best <strong>to</strong> protect <strong>the</strong> immediate forest area and poaching does not seem <strong>to</strong> be a major<br />
issue in some areas, it is necessary that this level <strong>of</strong> protection be extended <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
connecting zones as well. When numbers <strong>of</strong> natural prey are reduced <strong>the</strong> leopard will<br />
immediately begin <strong>to</strong> incorporate “o<strong>the</strong>r” prey sources in<strong>to</strong> its diet (i.e. domestic).<br />
4. Vigilance. With <strong>the</strong> increase in awareness regarding <strong>the</strong> existence <strong>of</strong> leopards in<br />
<strong>the</strong>se areas, it is possible that <strong>the</strong>re will be a corresponding increase in <strong>the</strong> threats <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
leopard. Therefore a moni<strong>to</strong>ring system would be very useful <strong>to</strong> keep up <strong>to</strong> date on <strong>the</strong><br />
leopards within <strong>the</strong>se reserves (We have trained relevant staff in certain areas and will be<br />
continuing such moni<strong>to</strong>ring under our Leopard Project).<br />
5. The leopard is a CITES Appendix I endangered species across its Asian range.<br />
This means that <strong>the</strong>re is a ban on all trade in leopard parts or products. Fur<strong>the</strong>rmore <strong>the</strong><br />
Sri Lankan sub-specie (P.p.kotiya) is unique thus heightening its endangered status.<br />
We are very thankful for <strong>the</strong> continued support <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Department <strong>of</strong> Wildlife<br />
Conservation and <strong>the</strong> Ministry <strong>of</strong> Environment and Natural Resources (Biodiversity<br />
Unit). Our goals, like those <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> DWLC & MENR, and we hope <strong>the</strong> general public<br />
include <strong>the</strong> conservation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sri Lankan leopard in all areas as well as <strong>the</strong><br />
minimization <strong>of</strong> conflict between <strong>the</strong> human population and this islands only large cat<br />
and <strong>to</strong>p carnivore.<br />
Natural His<strong>to</strong>ry Report from Yala Safari Game Lodge for <strong>the</strong> month <strong>of</strong><br />
August 2004<br />
Large mammals<br />
Leopards<br />
27 encounters involving 31 leopards in 14 days have been recorded. Most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sightings<br />
were recorded in <strong>the</strong> central area <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Park.<br />
Bears<br />
18 encounters involving 19 bears in 12 days have been recorded.<br />
Tuskers<br />
10 encounters involving 10 tuskers in 09 days have been recorded.<br />
Birds<br />
23 migra<strong>to</strong>ry wader species were observed in in <strong>the</strong> area in few numbers. In <strong>the</strong> last week<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> month we have observed <strong>the</strong>se migra<strong>to</strong>ry bird species and numbers are increasing.<br />
During this month on several occasions we were able <strong>to</strong> observe two Black-capped<br />
225
12/10/2007<br />
Bulbuls (Pycnonotus melanicterus) around <strong>the</strong> Game Lodge premises.<br />
Snakes<br />
During this period 02 Python sightings have been recorded whilst on game drives.<br />
Trip <strong>to</strong> Sri Lanka (July & August 2004)<br />
- Siraj Kottegoda<br />
We were in Sri Lanka in July and August. On our first trip out <strong>of</strong> Colombo we went<br />
south, hugging <strong>the</strong> coast <strong>the</strong> whole way. This <strong>to</strong>ok us <strong>to</strong> Galle for Breakfast (at <strong>the</strong><br />
Lighthouse – very nice and friendly staff, especially <strong>the</strong> management) and on past<br />
Tangalle <strong>to</strong> Darwins. On <strong>the</strong> way we passed <strong>the</strong> islet <strong>of</strong> Taprobane at Weligama (very<br />
tranquil, but as <strong>the</strong> tide was in could not wade across), <strong>the</strong> lighthouse at Dondra Head -<br />
<strong>the</strong> most sou<strong>the</strong>rly point in SL (numerous chatty smiling school children visiting it) and<br />
<strong>the</strong> coastal village <strong>of</strong> Kottegoda which was a bit <strong>of</strong> a non event (no name boards <strong>to</strong> take a<br />
picture <strong>of</strong> and somewhat non-descript).<br />
We arrived in <strong>the</strong> late afternoon at Darwins, located near Rekawa which was pleasing (if<br />
a little in need <strong>of</strong> a makeover) and run by a single German lady, Ursula, We stayed two<br />
nights. In <strong>the</strong> early evening I went for a canoe ride on <strong>the</strong> Rekawa lagoon behind <strong>the</strong><br />
hotel which was extremely tranquil with not a soul around. But as <strong>the</strong> canoe had a small<br />
leak we could not venture very far. Afterwards, we went for a sea bath which is not for<br />
<strong>the</strong> faint <strong>of</strong> heart. It’s <strong>of</strong>f season on <strong>the</strong> west and south coast but as long as you kept <strong>to</strong><br />
where <strong>the</strong> waves were breaking <strong>the</strong>se would counter <strong>the</strong> strong current and bring you<br />
back <strong>to</strong> shore. The only problem was <strong>the</strong> waves were <strong>of</strong>ten above one’s head, hence <strong>the</strong><br />
need for brevity (or was it madness!). But <strong>the</strong> children thoroughly enjoyed it, my seven<br />
year old, Kiara, probably like most seven year olds being fearless.<br />
After dinner we went <strong>to</strong> watch <strong>the</strong> event that this area is most famous for, Green Turtles<br />
coming ashore <strong>to</strong> lay <strong>the</strong>ir eggs. This takes a certain amount <strong>of</strong> determination. After a<br />
drive <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> drop <strong>of</strong>f point and hatcheries it involved about a mile and half walk and <strong>the</strong>n<br />
sitting around for a couple <strong>of</strong> hours and by <strong>the</strong> time we got home it was after 1.00 am.<br />
The first <strong>of</strong> our sighting was a little <strong>to</strong>o brief and incomplete. After hauling herself up <strong>the</strong><br />
beach <strong>the</strong> turtle was ei<strong>the</strong>r <strong>to</strong>o stressed or could not find <strong>the</strong> right spot and went back in<br />
<strong>the</strong> sea. Those <strong>of</strong> us who were by now wavering in our enthusiasm (tired, loosing<br />
patience and cold) were reminded <strong>to</strong> think about <strong>the</strong> plight <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> turtle who, exhausted,<br />
after having travelled hundreds if not thousands <strong>of</strong> miles had <strong>to</strong> haul <strong>the</strong>mselves uphill on<br />
<strong>the</strong> beach and <strong>the</strong>n push out <strong>the</strong>ir eggs. However, we were rewarded for our patience as<br />
<strong>the</strong> second turtle came ashore a few hundred yards away and did <strong>the</strong> job. The trackers<br />
(former poachers turned a new leaf, I understand) were very informative, patient and<br />
protective <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> turtles. We saw <strong>the</strong> eggs coming out one by one and <strong>the</strong>re must have<br />
been 50 or 60<br />
226
12/10/2007<br />
The next day we went <strong>to</strong> Uda Walawe. The Footprint Guide <strong>to</strong> SL (<strong>the</strong> most informative<br />
and well written that I have come across) recommended a guide, Sanath Hewage, who we<br />
managed <strong>to</strong> engage. He was very friendly, knowledgeable and low key. He <strong>to</strong>ok delight<br />
in seeing his name in <strong>the</strong> book. Although it being early afternoon we saw several<br />
families <strong>of</strong> elephant; a few we could drive right up <strong>to</strong> - one resting under a Ceylon Oak<br />
and ano<strong>the</strong>r group with four calves each less than four months old. This was seen at<br />
fairly close proximity. We also saw a White-bellied Sea Eagle that initially made a brief<br />
appearance at Hullang Kapolla but later returned for a final swansong providing us with a<br />
long and graceful serenade. We also saw a Brown Fish Owl in <strong>the</strong> forest. At one look out<br />
point (at Gonaviddagala) we saw two herds <strong>of</strong> elephant, a herd <strong>of</strong> wild buffalo and a herd<br />
<strong>of</strong> deer.<br />
This was followed by a refreshing (and by now requisite) early evening sea bath back at<br />
<strong>the</strong> hotel. After dinner we witnessed one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> turtle hatchlings (<strong>the</strong>re is a small<br />
hatchery just outside <strong>the</strong> hotel grounds) freed and make its way <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> ocean. This tiny<br />
defenceless baby taking on <strong>the</strong> deep blue sea without any hesitation or a glance back was<br />
a memorable and rewarding sight.<br />
The next morning I went for a long walk along <strong>the</strong> beach and did not come across a soul<br />
(no <strong>to</strong>urists) until I came upon some fishermen who were dragging <strong>the</strong>ir boat up <strong>the</strong><br />
beach, but had caught no fish and did not seem perturbed at this. After breakfast we went<br />
<strong>to</strong> Mulgirigala, <strong>the</strong> rock temple situated on four levels and somewhat reminiscent <strong>of</strong><br />
Dambulla, but with its climb, also Sigiriya. We got <strong>the</strong>re fairly early and had <strong>the</strong> place <strong>to</strong><br />
ourselves. The place was quiet and secluded but somewhat rundown and neglected. The<br />
quality <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> wall paintings and <strong>the</strong> figurines did not match those in Dambulla but<br />
never<strong>the</strong>less were fascinating and <strong>of</strong> enormous interest even <strong>to</strong> our youngest.<br />
We immediately left for Yala wolfing down a picnic lunch along <strong>the</strong> way. We arrived in<br />
<strong>the</strong> late afternoon at <strong>the</strong> Yala Safari Game Lodge and was met by Viraj <strong>the</strong> front <strong>of</strong>fice<br />
manager. We went on a late afternoon safari. I had never seen Yala so busy with so<br />
many jeeps and <strong>to</strong>urists. There were not enough guides <strong>to</strong> go around and we shared ours<br />
(in our jeep) with ano<strong>the</strong>r party. On <strong>the</strong> whole, <strong>the</strong> safari was somewhat disappointing.<br />
However, we did see a leopard in <strong>the</strong> thick bush but <strong>the</strong> best vantage point <strong>of</strong> about <strong>the</strong><br />
length <strong>of</strong> half a jeep was over-run with over a half a dozen jeeps. With all this traffic <strong>the</strong><br />
place was extremely dusty.<br />
The following morning I went on <strong>the</strong> 6.00 am safari, alone. This was a <strong>to</strong>tally different<br />
experience. There was hardly any traffic and much more animals. A bull elephant<br />
walked right <strong>to</strong>wards <strong>the</strong> jeep and (thank god!) right past it as if we didn’t exist. I made it<br />
clear <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> driver and tracker that <strong>the</strong> prize was a leopard. We drove around for about<br />
two and half hours seeing a bear, elephant, numerous groups <strong>of</strong> spotted deer, some<br />
beautifully located on <strong>the</strong> sides <strong>of</strong> lakes (with delightful reflections in <strong>the</strong> early morning<br />
light), sambar, wild fowl, pelicans, several jackals and a number <strong>of</strong> crocodile (one well<br />
within eating distance <strong>of</strong> a carefree (maybe careless) hare!, but no leopard. I was about <strong>to</strong><br />
ask <strong>to</strong> turn back when on <strong>to</strong>p <strong>of</strong> a rock on <strong>the</strong> Gonagala-Heen Wewa road (with just one<br />
o<strong>the</strong>r jeep <strong>of</strong> locals in <strong>the</strong> vicinity) was <strong>the</strong> elusive leopard who was giving itself a bath.<br />
227
12/10/2007<br />
This truly is a magnificent animal and its most beautiful part is its tail. It kept watching<br />
us and I wasn’t sure who was more interested in whom. It obviously was enjoying being<br />
<strong>the</strong> centre <strong>of</strong> attraction. After about 15 minutes it got up and jumped with one effortless<br />
skip from one rock <strong>to</strong> ano<strong>the</strong>r climbed down and disappeared in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> jungle. For <strong>the</strong> rest<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> morning I could not s<strong>to</strong>p smiling from ear <strong>to</strong> ear thinking back <strong>to</strong> this breathtaking<br />
site.<br />
Upon returning <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> hotel I saw <strong>the</strong> resident wild boar returning with its entire family <strong>of</strong><br />
around 10 little ones. After breakfast we left for Bogawantalawa via Wellawaya. This<br />
was a drive from hell and <strong>to</strong>ok about 7 hours <strong>the</strong> majority traversing tea estates and hair<br />
pin bends. We did pass a beautiful waterfall at Diyaluma and catching <strong>the</strong> late afternoon<br />
light, some beautiful emerald coloured paddy fields.<br />
Bogawantalawa was tranquil, with amiable people, cool air, clear light, deep valleys,<br />
gushing rivers and distant views <strong>of</strong> Adams Peak. We stayed two days and returned <strong>to</strong><br />
Colombo much rested. A couple <strong>of</strong> days later (happy <strong>to</strong> leave <strong>the</strong> bustle and pollution <strong>of</strong><br />
Colombo) we left for <strong>the</strong> short journey <strong>to</strong> Wadduwa and <strong>the</strong> Blue Water Hotel for one<br />
night proceeding (alone again) on<strong>to</strong> Sinharaja forest for one night.<br />
After dropping my bags <strong>of</strong>f at <strong>the</strong> Boulder Garden Hotel (my abode for <strong>the</strong> night) I<br />
proceeded <strong>to</strong> Sinharaja forest. This was as vast, dense and magnificent as I imagined.<br />
Despite wearing leech socks which made a significant difference I had many encounters<br />
with <strong>the</strong> ubiqui<strong>to</strong>us leeches. This was my first visit <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> forest and I decided <strong>to</strong> spend<br />
<strong>the</strong> time mostly exploring. I chose <strong>the</strong> Moulawella trail and walked <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>p <strong>of</strong><br />
Moulawella Peak which frankly, for me at least, required some resilience. It was all up<br />
hill for about 6 or 7 kilometres and is not for everyone. Having said that we were<br />
rewarded at <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>p with magnificent views <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> surrounding forest canopy and hills<br />
covered in mist, including views <strong>of</strong> Adams Peak and although cold because <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> strong<br />
winds and distant rain was such a welcoming change compared <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> humid forest that I<br />
would have happily spent hours <strong>the</strong>re. Along <strong>the</strong> way, <strong>the</strong> downpours although relatively<br />
brief were intense and an umbrella was a must. At times I had upwards <strong>of</strong> 10 leeches<br />
crawling up my socks. I saw an insect eating plant, giant trees with unusual fortified<br />
angular bases <strong>to</strong> make <strong>the</strong>mselves sturdy, numerous frogs and giant spiders, tropical fish<br />
and several groups <strong>of</strong> purple faced leaf monkeys and a wild fowl.<br />
I made it a point <strong>to</strong> visit Martins. When we got <strong>the</strong>re it was in <strong>the</strong> middle <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
afternoon and Martin was sitting at a communal table writing, and barely looked up upon<br />
our entering. I requested two cups <strong>of</strong> tea for my guide and this was met with a s<strong>of</strong>t grunt.<br />
However, upon bringing <strong>the</strong> tea he asked my name and upon giving it, he asked if I was<br />
related <strong>to</strong> Dr. S.R. Kottegoda. My answer <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> affirmative completely changed his<br />
mood and he broke out in<strong>to</strong> a broad smile. We chatted away and he <strong>to</strong>ld us about his bird<br />
mad guests, relating a s<strong>to</strong>ry <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> current guest as a typical example. He had arrived late<br />
<strong>the</strong> day before straight from <strong>the</strong> airport, awoke at <strong>the</strong> crack <strong>of</strong> dawn refused any<br />
breakfast, making instead a bee line <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> lookout at <strong>the</strong> edge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> dining area. But in<br />
<strong>the</strong> next six or seven hours he had spotted more varieties <strong>of</strong> birds than in a week <strong>of</strong> being<br />
in <strong>the</strong> area with some rare sightings. I inquired <strong>of</strong> all <strong>the</strong> nationalities visiting, who<br />
228
12/10/2007<br />
seemed <strong>the</strong> most obsessed (I mean avid birders!) and without hesitation he said <strong>the</strong><br />
English followed by <strong>the</strong> Americans. I being a national <strong>of</strong> both found this amusing and<br />
readily convincing. He refused any payment (for <strong>the</strong> tea) saying we were friends which<br />
was <strong>to</strong>uching.<br />
My driver had gone back <strong>to</strong> Colombo so I hitched a ride from <strong>the</strong> local bus <strong>to</strong> Kalawana<br />
back <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> hotel about 10 kilometres away. The experience - <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ride in a bus with its<br />
over <strong>the</strong> hill gearbox, groaning engine, and heart s<strong>to</strong>pping driving and being in <strong>the</strong><br />
company <strong>of</strong> locals who entirely oblivious <strong>of</strong> me and obviously knowing each o<strong>the</strong>r well<br />
in this small community, chattered away as if sitting in <strong>the</strong>ir living room - was enjoyable<br />
and au<strong>the</strong>ntic. Then I had a kilometre walk <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> hotel through paddy fields.<br />
Despite my aching bones and muscles I felt compelled <strong>to</strong> go on <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>ur <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
surrounding rocks and caves which was truly beguiling. There are several dark caves<br />
formed by giant boulders laying on <strong>to</strong>p <strong>of</strong> and along side each o<strong>the</strong>r. To give one<br />
example, <strong>the</strong> ro<strong>of</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> hotel restaurant was one giant horizontal and flattish rock<br />
exposed on three sides. So when <strong>the</strong>re were down pours (which were fairly frequent) <strong>the</strong><br />
feeling <strong>of</strong> tranquillity and being at one with nature (and contemporaneously indulging in<br />
some nice red wine) was amazing.<br />
REQUEST FOR INFORMATION<br />
Elephants<br />
Jayantha Jayewardene, Managing Trustee <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Biodiversity & Elephant Conservation<br />
Trust, is interested in receiving and disseminating news and articles pertaining <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
Asian Elephant. Please contact him on his e-mail romalijj@eureka.lk<br />
The Natural Guide <strong>to</strong> Sri Lanka<br />
The Natural Guide Foundation (www.naturalguide,org) is a non-pr<strong>of</strong>it group established<br />
in 2002 that promotes <strong>to</strong>urism initiatives based on appreciation and respect <strong>of</strong> local<br />
people, culture and environment. Its first publication, The Natural Guide <strong>to</strong> Bali, is in<br />
press and will be on sale in December 2004.<br />
The Natural Guide <strong>to</strong> Sri Lanka project is being launched. It will be edited from Sri<br />
Lanka by Dr. Jim Jarvie (jkjarvie@aol.com). Over <strong>the</strong> next months <strong>the</strong> project intends <strong>to</strong><br />
review ethical <strong>to</strong>urism opera<strong>to</strong>rs, defined as traveller-friendly, environmentally and<br />
socially responsible. As wide a range <strong>of</strong> operations as possible will be looked at including<br />
hotels and home-stays; eco-and cultural <strong>to</strong>ur opera<strong>to</strong>rs; culturally related courses like<br />
dance, yoga and cooking. The book audience will be independent-minded, national and<br />
international, travellers wanting <strong>to</strong> maximise experiences and time by using good service<br />
providers that contribute <strong>to</strong> nature and culture.<br />
A central <strong>the</strong>me <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> book will be highlighting community-based initiatives maintaining<br />
and enhancing environmental and social values. Projects or groups that help <strong>the</strong><br />
environment in ways including protecting reefs, rehabilitating forest, streng<strong>the</strong>ning smallscale<br />
ventures that use environmental resources sustainably, will be included.<br />
229
12/10/2007<br />
The Natural Guide seeks as much input as possible from local writers and pho<strong>to</strong>graphers.<br />
If anyone has a passion for cycling, kayaking, birding or anything ‘natural†that<br />
<strong>the</strong>y would like <strong>to</strong> write about, send a submission!<br />
Just as important, if <strong>the</strong>re is a home-stay, guide, activity, project or place <strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong> beaten<br />
track that has been overlooked once <strong>to</strong>o <strong>of</strong>ten that should be talked about, send a message<br />
<strong>to</strong> Jim at jkjarvie@aol.com.<br />
NEW BOOKS<br />
Yala, Leopards & O<strong>the</strong>r Wildlife. 2004. Compiled & Edited by Gehan de Silva<br />
Wijeyeratne. Pho<strong>to</strong>graphy by Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne. Design by Chandrika Maelge<br />
232 pages. ISBN 955 - 1079 - 00 - 0. Rs 3,500<br />
This book combines <strong>the</strong> design element and strong visual focus <strong>of</strong> a c<strong>of</strong>fee table book<br />
with authoritative text from some <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka's leading wildlife writers. The thirteen<br />
contribu<strong>to</strong>rs cover a variety <strong>of</strong> <strong>to</strong>pics from Leopards, Elephants, smaller mammals, birds,<br />
butterflies and dragonflies <strong>to</strong> plant life and conservation. The book will be a useful<br />
introduction not only <strong>to</strong> Yala but also <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> wildlife <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r parks and reserves in Sri<br />
Lanka's dry lowlands.<br />
Available from <strong>Jetwing</strong> Eco <strong>Holidays</strong>, <strong>Jetwing</strong> House, 46/26 Navam Mawatha, Colombo<br />
2 and bookshops including Barefoot, Lake House Bookshop Hyde Park Corner, Marks<br />
(Kandy) and ODEL.<br />
Shorebirds, an artist in <strong>the</strong> field. 2004. Text by Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne. Art by<br />
Lester Perera. Design by Chandrika Maelge and layout by Copyline. 48 pages. ISBN<br />
955 - 1079 - 03 - 5 Rs 1,500.<br />
The book, is probably <strong>the</strong> first in <strong>the</strong> "Wildlife Art Book" genre, by a Sri Lankan<br />
publisher. The book showcases <strong>the</strong> work <strong>of</strong> Lester Perera, arguably <strong>the</strong> best known<br />
resident Sri Lankan wildlife artist. The art, reflects Lester's style <strong>of</strong> underpinning his<br />
paintings on field sketches and rarely relying on pho<strong>to</strong>graphs or museum specimens. His<br />
art also captures <strong>the</strong> spirit <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> place, whilst preserving an au<strong>the</strong>nticity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> identity <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> birds. Over <strong>the</strong> years, Lester has developed a more relaxed style <strong>to</strong>wards <strong>the</strong><br />
backgrounds <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> subjects and has developed a more painterly attitude, freeing himself<br />
from <strong>the</strong> pre-occupation <strong>to</strong> detail which marked his early years. The book is<br />
complemented with a series <strong>of</strong> articles by wildlife populariser Gehan de Silva<br />
Wijeyeratne.<br />
Available from <strong>Jetwing</strong> Eco <strong>Holidays</strong>, <strong>Jetwing</strong> House, 46/26 Navam Mawatha, Colombo<br />
2 and bookshops including Barefoot, Lake House Bookshop Hyde Park Corner, Marks<br />
(Kandy) and ODEL.<br />
Pic<strong>to</strong>rial Pocket Guide 3 - Mammals in Sri Lanka by Sarath Kotagama. 2004.<br />
Published by <strong>the</strong> Field Ornithology Group <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka (FOGSL). 80 pages. ISBN 955 -<br />
8576-14-X<br />
230
12/10/2007<br />
Extracts from a review by Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne in Serendipity<br />
"As is typical <strong>of</strong> much <strong>of</strong> his work through FOGSL, it comes at an affordable price. At Rs<br />
250, it is affordable <strong>to</strong> a significant proportion <strong>of</strong> Sri Lankans.<br />
The book is literally pocket sized measuring 16 cm tall and 8 cm wide. It has an attractive<br />
colour cover showing a tusked elephant pho<strong>to</strong>graphed by Rahula Perera. The book is 80<br />
pages long with <strong>the</strong> first 20 taken by introduc<strong>to</strong>ry sections including a very useful<br />
overview <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> mammalian fauna <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka and <strong>the</strong>ir distribution in <strong>the</strong> various<br />
climatic zones.<br />
A very useful feature <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> book is <strong>the</strong> coining <strong>of</strong> a binomial nomenclature in Sinhala.<br />
This is essential if <strong>the</strong> study <strong>of</strong> mammals is <strong>to</strong> be popularized amongst <strong>the</strong> majority. The<br />
meat <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> book is 23 colour plates <strong>of</strong> hand drawn illustrations with brief commentaries<br />
on <strong>the</strong> opposite pages. To achieve its objective <strong>of</strong> being an affordable pocket guide, <strong>the</strong><br />
text has been kept necessarily brief and include <strong>the</strong> English, Latin and Sinhala names, key<br />
measurements and a brief description <strong>of</strong> key identifying features. The Sinhala name is in<br />
<strong>the</strong> local alphabet and <strong>the</strong>refore <strong>the</strong> book will be somewhat useful even <strong>to</strong> an audience<br />
which only reads Sinhala".<br />
Copies are available from <strong>the</strong> FOGSL Office, c/o Pr<strong>of</strong>essor Sarath Kotagama, Zoology<br />
Department, University <strong>of</strong> Colombo.<br />
Ecology <strong>of</strong> Sinharaja Rain Forest and <strong>the</strong> Forest Dynamics Plot by C.V.S.<br />
Gunatilake, I.A.U.N Gunatilake, A.U.K. Ethulgala and S. Esufali. (2004). WHT<br />
Publications (Pvt) Ltd. Colombo. 222 pages. ISBN 955-9114-431-6<br />
This book is <strong>the</strong> result <strong>of</strong> a decade-long study <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> vegetation structure and composition<br />
<strong>of</strong> a 25 ha plot <strong>of</strong> undisturbed lowland rain forest in Sinharaja. Initiated in 1993 as part <strong>of</strong><br />
a pan-tropical research network launched by <strong>the</strong> Center for Tropical Forest Science <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, it is <strong>the</strong> first study in Sri Lanka <strong>to</strong> describe <strong>the</strong><br />
distribution <strong>of</strong> tree species at both <strong>the</strong> micro (5×5 m) and macro (500×500 m) levels. All<br />
<strong>the</strong> tree species in <strong>the</strong> plot are identified, inven<strong>to</strong>ried and mapped. A <strong>to</strong>tal <strong>of</strong> 144 species<br />
are mapped in detail, <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r with data on endemicity, spatial density, altitudinal<br />
distribution, size classes and ecological range within <strong>the</strong> island. A series <strong>of</strong> colour plots<br />
illustrates some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> more interesting spatial distribution patterns, <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r with habitat,<br />
gradient and elevation data.<br />
The book also includes a concise introduction <strong>to</strong> Sinharaja and an overview <strong>of</strong> research<br />
(both published and unpublished) conducted in this unique forest, with comprehensive<br />
and up <strong>to</strong> date references <strong>to</strong> literature.<br />
Ecology <strong>of</strong> Sinharaja…. provides essential information for future work on community<br />
and res<strong>to</strong>ration ecology, plant-animal interactions, genetic diversity and <strong>the</strong> carbon<br />
sequestration potential <strong>of</strong> lowland rain forests. It is an indispensable sourcebook for<br />
future research on Sinharaja- <strong>the</strong> jewel in <strong>the</strong> crown <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka’s biodiversity.<br />
231
12/10/2007<br />
ENCOUNTERS; a journey through <strong>the</strong> wild<br />
Four pho<strong>to</strong>graphers with vastly different experiences drawn <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r by one passion- <strong>the</strong><br />
wild places <strong>of</strong> Sri-Lanka, have combined <strong>the</strong>ir efforts <strong>to</strong> bring you one book,<br />
ENCOUNTERS; a journey through <strong>the</strong> wild. This book is a collection <strong>of</strong> over 170<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphic encounters covering <strong>the</strong> our country's rich wilderness. The book spans <strong>the</strong><br />
entire country from Mannar <strong>to</strong> Kumana, Hor<strong>to</strong>n Plains <strong>to</strong> Sinharaja, from Wilpattu <strong>to</strong><br />
Colombo. As diverse as <strong>the</strong> locations, so are <strong>the</strong> subjects from Elephants <strong>to</strong> damselflies,<br />
leopards <strong>to</strong> lizards, monkeys <strong>to</strong> frogs. You will also encounters unique moments with <strong>the</strong><br />
leopards <strong>of</strong> Wilpattu, after its re-opening. This hard cover book with dust jacket is<br />
available at a pre publication price <strong>of</strong> Rs. 2300. This <strong>of</strong>fer is valid until 21st <strong>of</strong><br />
November. For information Contact Namal on 07222 80270 or zero3images@yahoo.com<br />
Wilds <strong>of</strong> Lanka - A Visual Treat Of Yala National Park by Ravi Samarasinha, and<br />
Chitral Jayatilake. 140 Pages, 110 pictures, 11 x 9 inches, Hard cover<br />
To be published December 2004<br />
Jungle Journeys in Sri Lanka, Experiences and Encounters<br />
Edited by C.G. Uragoda. 300 pages, hard cover.<br />
A review by Lankika de Livera.<br />
The book includes 15 contributions from C.G. Uragoda, Walter R. Gooneratne, Nimal<br />
Jayawardena, Rex I. De Silva, Anslem de Silva, Somasiri Devendra, Fredrick Medis,<br />
Ravi Samarasinha, Lyn de Alwis, H.I.E. Katugaha, Dianthi S.U. Wijeratne, Lal Anthonis,<br />
Athula Dissanayake, Jayantha Jayawardene and Dishana Uragoda.<br />
This is Jungle lore narrated through lucid easy-<strong>to</strong>-read language. Fascinating real-lfe<br />
experiences <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> jungles <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka over fifty years ago and now. What it was and<br />
what it is. Some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> writers narrate <strong>the</strong>ir real-life dramas in a by-gone era which keeps<br />
present-day adventurers spell-bound. But also a little remorseful that all those landscapes<br />
have so dramatically changed over <strong>the</strong> years.<br />
The writers talk <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> hospitality and <strong>the</strong> eager-<strong>to</strong>-please nature <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> natives in <strong>the</strong><br />
village areas which made it easy for <strong>to</strong>wn-dwellers <strong>to</strong> venture in<strong>to</strong> unknown jungles. Dr.<br />
Uragoda becomes very nostalgic about <strong>the</strong> easier, more laid back life fifty years ago.<br />
When <strong>the</strong> jungles were more dense and <strong>the</strong> venturing more <strong>of</strong> a challenge. Coupled with<br />
<strong>the</strong> fact that <strong>the</strong>re were less “gadgets” than now <strong>to</strong> overcome obstacles in <strong>the</strong> wild that<br />
challenge humans.<br />
The book is light reading and has pleasure coupled with tense adventure, fun and laughter<br />
all woven <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r in it. It is educative and informative and will be good reading for all.<br />
Allthough Wild Life and Nature Lovers will favour it and savour it much more than<br />
o<strong>the</strong>rs. S<strong>to</strong>ries are based in Yala Strict Natural Reserve, Kumana, Laggala, Knuckles<br />
Range, Lahugala, Wilpattu and <strong>the</strong> Pearl Banks <strong>of</strong> Mullikulam. There are Bird Watching,<br />
Trekking, Camping and Safari experiences and even Deep Sea Diving experiences. A<br />
232
12/10/2007<br />
smattering <strong>of</strong> hunting <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> by-gone-era and <strong>of</strong> fishing also revs up <strong>the</strong> momentum in <strong>the</strong><br />
book and gives <strong>the</strong> present-day young readers an idea <strong>of</strong> what it was <strong>the</strong>n.<br />
The dust flap <strong>of</strong> this hard cover book depicts a pho<strong>to</strong>graph <strong>of</strong> a four-wheel-drive double<br />
cab negotiating <strong>the</strong> Waters <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Kumbukkan Oya <strong>to</strong> reach Kumana from Yala. The<br />
book contains 20 colour pho<strong>to</strong>graphs and eight black and white pho<strong>to</strong>graphs.<br />
It is priced Rupees 1600/= and available at “Eco Rhythm”, No. 5A Perahera Mawatha,<br />
Colombo 2. Tel. 2439883.<br />
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
SRI LANKA WILDLIFE NEWS is a monthly e-mail <strong>of</strong> birding and wildlife events,<br />
sightings and short notes <strong>of</strong> interest <strong>to</strong> birders, pho<strong>to</strong>graphers, conservationists etc. To<br />
receive a copy, please e-mail gehan@jetwing.lk with "Subscribe Wildlife News" in <strong>the</strong><br />
subject header. SLWN values your privacy, <strong>to</strong> be removed, e-mail with “Unsubscribe<br />
Wildlife News” in <strong>the</strong> header. Please e-mail your sightings, events etc <strong>to</strong><br />
gehan@jetwing.lk. The media are welcome <strong>to</strong> extract details, but please attribute <strong>the</strong><br />
source. Past issues are on www.jetwingeco.com<br />
AUGUST 2004<br />
Dear all feel free <strong>to</strong> circulate. To contribute or <strong>to</strong> un-subscribe, please see below.<br />
Regards Gehan<br />
SRI LANKA WILDLIFE NEWS (August 2004)<br />
- A compilation by Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne<br />
(Assisted by Ayanthi Samarajewa, 09 September 2004)<br />
HIGHLIGHTS<br />
[*] New publications include Shorebirds, an artist in <strong>the</strong> field and Leopards and o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
Wildlife <strong>of</strong> Yala (See NEW BOOKS).<br />
[*] Talk on Serendib Scops Owl on 9th September<br />
[*] Andrew Kittle & Anjali Watson on Leopard poaching in Sri Lanka and Karen<br />
Coniff on Dragonflies at Talangama Tank (See ARTICLES)<br />
[*] Reports from Yala and Kumana (See REPORTS)<br />
EVENTS SUMMARY<br />
- Thursday 9 September, "The Serendib Scops Owl - The Whole S<strong>to</strong>ry" by Deepal<br />
Warakagoda. 6.00 pm SLAAS Audi<strong>to</strong>rium (Sri Lanka Association for <strong>the</strong> Advancement<br />
<strong>of</strong> Science) . Vidya Mawatha. WNPS Lecture Series.<br />
- Saturday 25 September, Lecture series on birds for beginners. 9.30 am - 12.00.<br />
NBLT, University <strong>of</strong> Colombo, Colombo 3. Field Ornithology Group <strong>of</strong> Sri<br />
Lanka (FOGSL) Lecture Series. Topic and speaker <strong>to</strong> be finalised.<br />
233
12/10/2007<br />
BIRDING & WILDLIFE NEWS<br />
TOP STORY <strong>Jetwing</strong> has taken <strong>the</strong> publishing world by s<strong>to</strong>rm with <strong>the</strong> publication <strong>of</strong><br />
Yala, Leopards and o<strong>the</strong>r Wildlife <strong>of</strong> Yala. The book combines strong imagery and design<br />
with authoritative but readable text aimed at a lay audience. The 242 page, vertical format<br />
book, square in shape, is printed on matt art paper with a hard cover and dust jacket. It is<br />
arguably one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> best designed and presented c<strong>of</strong>fee table books on Sri Lankan<br />
wildlife whilst at <strong>the</strong> same time containing one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> best selections <strong>of</strong> articles on <strong>the</strong><br />
wildlife <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> dry lowlands <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka. See NEW BOOKS below.<br />
Chithral Jayathilaka reports from Yala National Park. "Three days spent at<br />
Thalgasmankada from <strong>the</strong> 19th - <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> 21st <strong>of</strong> July was hard work with <strong>the</strong> park<br />
completely dry with <strong>the</strong> mid year drought taking full effect by this time <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> year. The<br />
stay at Thalgasmankada is never <strong>the</strong> same with <strong>the</strong> Menik Ganga gone <strong>to</strong>tally dry and <strong>the</strong><br />
heat zooming up <strong>to</strong> 40 degrees by noon. The elephants were congregated <strong>to</strong>wards <strong>the</strong><br />
Thalgas end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> park <strong>of</strong>ten coming <strong>to</strong> water twice a day at "Kotabendi wewa" and<br />
"Koma Wewa", Handunoruwa was also quite busy with many elephants during mid day.<br />
One Bear was seen around Wilapalawewa and one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Thalgasmankada Cubs was seen<br />
stalking a rabbit late Tuesday evening. A second Leopard cub was on a Kohomba tree on<br />
<strong>the</strong> Meda para on Wednesday morning for a brief period. Two Tuskers were observed<br />
namely "Thilak" at "Kotabendiwewa" and "Kublai Khan" at "Koma wewa". Many pug<br />
marks were observed each morning <strong>to</strong>wards <strong>the</strong> "Dharshana wewa" area with not much<br />
luck <strong>of</strong> a decent sighting or a pho<strong>to</strong>graphic opportunity".<br />
Chandra Jayawardene, Naturalist, Seashells Hotel reports, "whilst on a boat safari<br />
accompanying a group <strong>of</strong> Kuoni guests, along <strong>the</strong> Dutch canal connecting <strong>the</strong><br />
Mahaganga, on 06.09.2004, between 9.00am and 9.30am, observed three Oriental Scops<br />
Owls resting on <strong>the</strong> same branch and a Brown Hawk Owl in <strong>the</strong> same area, in a thick<br />
vegetation <strong>of</strong> mangroves bordering <strong>the</strong> banks <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Dutch canal. The Oriental Scops Owl<br />
was readily identified by it's smaller size, prominent ear tufts and <strong>the</strong> yellow iridise. It<br />
appeared <strong>to</strong> be <strong>the</strong> greyish-brown form. The Brown Hawk Owl again by it's smaller size,<br />
large round eyes with yellow iridise (eye rings) and <strong>the</strong> dark markings on a white breast.<br />
Among <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r birds seen in <strong>the</strong> area were <strong>the</strong> Pied, Common, White- throated and <strong>the</strong><br />
S<strong>to</strong>rk-billed Kingfishers".<br />
Fr. Vimal Tirimanna reports from a visit <strong>to</strong> Wasgomuwa National Park between 19th<br />
and 21st July. "We put ourselves up at Wavulabe bungalow. Besides <strong>the</strong> usual sightings,<br />
we missed by minutes (at least two or three times) seeing bears. However, we were lucky<br />
<strong>to</strong> see elephants on both 19th and 20th. But on 20th, we were surrounded by nearly 100+<br />
elephants (many females with young); a no<strong>to</strong>rious young bull was very aggressive. We<br />
were <strong>to</strong>ld by our guide, one Ranasinghe, that this bull was <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>f-spring <strong>of</strong> "nondiathinni"<br />
(a lame female elephant). We enjoyed <strong>the</strong>ir presence until a female became quite<br />
aggressive; <strong>the</strong>n, we decided <strong>to</strong> reverse and take ano<strong>the</strong>r route. This is <strong>the</strong> first time that I<br />
have seen so many elephants at Wasgomuwa.<br />
234
12/10/2007<br />
During our stay, I was lucky <strong>to</strong> see some 50+ species <strong>of</strong> birds. Besides <strong>the</strong> usual common<br />
ones in a dry zone national park, <strong>the</strong>re was one strange sighting, <strong>the</strong> sighting <strong>of</strong> a Malay<br />
Bittern (juvenile). This single bird was seen in <strong>the</strong> mornings on both 20th and 21st at <strong>the</strong><br />
Marsh (now dried up) in front <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Wavulabbey bungalow. It was seen between 6.30<br />
and 8.30 am on both days. Between 6.30 and 7.15 am it would be slowly but very warily<br />
strutting about always close <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> clump <strong>of</strong> reeds. Thereafter, it would enter <strong>the</strong> reeds<br />
and remain <strong>the</strong>re motionless, while we could see it with <strong>the</strong> help <strong>of</strong> our binoculars, all <strong>the</strong><br />
time! The slightest noise or movement would make it disappear in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> clump <strong>of</strong> reeds.<br />
Overall, it was speckled with white spots on a greyish-brown background; a few crest<br />
fea<strong>the</strong>rs seen ruffled, somewhat erect. Yellow irides with black eyes. Bill long and<br />
pointed; it was overall blackish with a sort <strong>of</strong> a yellow middle-line running along till <strong>the</strong><br />
tip. Breast buff-creamy, with a pinkish tinge. It resembled very much <strong>the</strong> immature bird<br />
in T.S.U. de Zylva's pho<strong>to</strong>graph in <strong>the</strong> Pho<strong>to</strong>graphic Guide <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Birds <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka<br />
published by New Holland. I just do not understand how a Malay Bittern can be found in<br />
this non-winter season, and that <strong>to</strong>o, an immature one! But, I am certain that I did identify<br />
it positively".<br />
ARTICLES<br />
Leopard Poaching in Sri Lanka<br />
By Andrew Kittle* & Anjali Watson*<br />
* The Leopard Project, Wilderness & Wildlife Conservation Trust. Sri Lanka.<br />
Recent genetic studies show that <strong>the</strong> Sri Lankan leopard is distinct sub-specie <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
mainland leopard. Being <strong>the</strong> sole large carnivore in Sri Lanka, significantly increases its<br />
role as a keys<strong>to</strong>ne species, helping <strong>to</strong> determine <strong>the</strong> population density and health <strong>of</strong> prey<br />
species such as Spotted Deer (Axis axis), Sambar (Cervus unicolor) and Wild Pig (Sus<br />
scr<strong>of</strong>a). Ano<strong>the</strong>r important role <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> leopard is as an environmental bell wea<strong>the</strong>rindica<strong>to</strong>r-species.<br />
The status <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> leopard gives a good indication <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> status <strong>of</strong> prey<br />
and habitat conditions. Even though <strong>the</strong> leopard in Sri Lanka occupies <strong>the</strong> role <strong>of</strong> an apex<br />
preda<strong>to</strong>r, its population number, home range, behavior and conservation status is not very<br />
well known. The Leopard Project is addressing <strong>the</strong>se issues and our ongoing research in<br />
selected habitats <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> country is filling <strong>the</strong> gap in <strong>the</strong> dearth <strong>of</strong> information.<br />
In Sri Lanka, <strong>the</strong> current population <strong>of</strong> leopards in <strong>the</strong> island is unknown. What is known,<br />
however is <strong>the</strong> numbers <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se elusive animals have decreased substantially over <strong>the</strong><br />
last century. This was originally due <strong>to</strong> game hunting during colonial times and later<br />
because <strong>of</strong> poaching for its skin and meat. Although <strong>the</strong> Fauna & Flora Ordinance <strong>of</strong><br />
1938 gave <strong>the</strong> leopard legal protection, <strong>the</strong> poaching <strong>of</strong> leopards outside and inside<br />
protected areas has continued unabated. Poaching is still one <strong>of</strong> biggest threats <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
leopard. From January 2001 <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> present <strong>the</strong>re have been at least 35 leopards killed by<br />
poachers. Fourteen (14) leopards were killed in <strong>the</strong> Wasgomuwa area in <strong>the</strong> Central<br />
Province. Five (5) leopards were killed in and around <strong>the</strong> Yala National Park and ano<strong>the</strong>r<br />
five (5) were killed at Uda Walawe with at least two leopards killed in <strong>the</strong> Nuwara Eliya<br />
region. Four (4) skins were confiscated in <strong>the</strong> Chilaw area, presumably poached from <strong>the</strong><br />
vicinity <strong>of</strong> Wilpattu National Park.<br />
235
12/10/2007<br />
The plight <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> leopard is fur<strong>the</strong>r exacerbated by <strong>the</strong> burgeoning human population and<br />
<strong>the</strong>ir need for land. Habitat loss and fragmentation has contributed <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> marginalization<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> leopard bringing it in<strong>to</strong> conflict with humans as evident from our ongoing study at<br />
<strong>the</strong> Dunumadallawa forest reserve on <strong>the</strong> outskirts <strong>of</strong> Kandy in <strong>the</strong> Hantana region.<br />
These leopards will prey on domestic dogs and <strong>the</strong>se incidents are likely <strong>to</strong> increase. The<br />
encroachment by housing estates has reduced <strong>the</strong>ir habitat and may have depleted <strong>the</strong>ir<br />
natural prey base. Increased trapping for o<strong>the</strong>r animals has also increased <strong>the</strong> incidence<br />
<strong>of</strong> leopards being caught and killed in poachers traps in this area with ano<strong>the</strong>r four (4)<br />
poached leopards being detected since 2002.<br />
The Leopard Project, through our human-leopard conflict and awareness programme (via<br />
a soon <strong>to</strong> be released anti poaching poster campaign) and in collaboration with <strong>the</strong><br />
Department <strong>of</strong> Wildlife Conservation (DWLC) and <strong>the</strong> Biodiversity Unit <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Ministry<br />
<strong>of</strong> Environment and Natural Resources is trying <strong>to</strong> keep an accurate record <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>tal<br />
number <strong>of</strong> leopards poached/trapped within <strong>the</strong> island and <strong>the</strong> reasons for <strong>the</strong>ir loss.<br />
Although <strong>the</strong> problem <strong>of</strong> poaching in Sri Lanka is not as serious as <strong>the</strong> situation in some<br />
African countries we feel it is on <strong>the</strong> rise and as such must be addressed before <strong>the</strong><br />
situation escalates.<br />
The Sri Lankan Leopard population due <strong>to</strong> its isolation from <strong>the</strong> mainland cannot have<br />
new immigrants flowing in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> population; <strong>the</strong> only migration that can occur is between<br />
<strong>the</strong> small populations dispersed through <strong>the</strong> varied habitats on <strong>the</strong> island. Therefore, any<br />
leopard killed at population level could be a vital loss <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> meta population gene pool<br />
and <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> species as a whole.<br />
Dragonflies at Talangama Tank<br />
- Karen Coniff<br />
Talangama tank is a wonderful bird and dragonfly watching area just outside Colombo in<br />
<strong>the</strong> Battaramulla area. Over <strong>the</strong> past 8 years, I have regularly visited <strong>the</strong> tank watching as<br />
it rapidly developed from a rural farm community <strong>to</strong> upscale modern homes and<br />
presently even a large apartment block is scheduled for construction. The growing<br />
population pressures on this small sanctuary may affect <strong>the</strong> unique bird and dragonfly<br />
habitats. Still <strong>the</strong>re are many birds, dragonflies, damselflies and interesting behaviours<br />
that can be observed despite <strong>the</strong> surging population in <strong>the</strong> area.<br />
Most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> dragonflies and damselflies are found around <strong>the</strong> weedy edges <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tank,<br />
canals, and <strong>the</strong> surrounding paddy fields. On my weekly visits, I try <strong>to</strong> note <strong>the</strong> numbers<br />
and types <strong>of</strong> dragonflies that I spot as I walk <strong>the</strong> area around <strong>the</strong> lake. The best time <strong>to</strong><br />
visit <strong>the</strong> tank is on weekdays or very early on weekend mornings. Talangama tank is a<br />
very busy place on <strong>the</strong> weekends, especially in <strong>the</strong> afternoon.<br />
The most interesting and rarest dragonfly I found <strong>the</strong>re was in my home when I lived<br />
close <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> tank. Occasionally, in Oc<strong>to</strong>ber and November, I would find night-flying<br />
Gynacantha subinterrupta in my home attracted <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> lights. This large sized species is<br />
236
12/10/2007<br />
about 7 cm long from <strong>the</strong> eyes <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> tip <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> abdomen. It does not have a common<br />
name in Sri Lanka except for Big Eye. More common species such as Orange Winged<br />
Groundling (Brachy<strong>the</strong>mis contaminata), Black Velvet Wing (Neuro<strong>the</strong>mis tulia),<br />
Variable Glider (Rhyo<strong>the</strong>mis variegata) and Sombre Skimmer (Or<strong>the</strong>trum sabina) are<br />
found along <strong>the</strong> edges <strong>the</strong> tank itself almost all year. You can use your binoculars <strong>to</strong> try<br />
and observe <strong>the</strong> larger species Asian Tiger (Ictinogomphus rapax); it is difficult focus on<br />
because it zooms around and rarely lands but if you find its perch you might get in <strong>the</strong><br />
binoculars. When it is very hot and humid it is best sit quietly beside <strong>the</strong> edge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
water on <strong>the</strong> small canals <strong>to</strong> watch <strong>the</strong> more delicate damselflies, Bi-coloured damselfly<br />
(Ceriagrion cerinorubellum), Yellow Damselfly (Ceriagrion coromandelianum), and <strong>the</strong><br />
Malay Blue Damselfly (Cercion malayanum).<br />
There is a lot <strong>of</strong> behavioural activity among such a large numbers <strong>of</strong> dragonflies; catching<br />
and eating prey, mating and laying eggs are easy <strong>to</strong> observe. I have seen <strong>the</strong> larger<br />
Sombre Skimmer(Or<strong>the</strong>trum sabina) catch and eat <strong>the</strong> smaller Little Blue Darter<br />
(Diplacodes trivialis). Several species <strong>of</strong> damselflies perform exciting mating battles <strong>to</strong><br />
defend <strong>the</strong>ir terri<strong>to</strong>ry while snatching females from <strong>the</strong> grass lined edges <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> canals and<br />
carefully tend <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> female while she deposits eggs in s<strong>of</strong>t water plants growing in <strong>the</strong><br />
canal. There are many o<strong>the</strong>r aspects <strong>of</strong> dragonflies that can be studied beside <strong>the</strong> obvious<br />
adults. I have sieved for larvae in <strong>the</strong> mud and found delicate excuviae hanging on <strong>the</strong><br />
grasses lining <strong>the</strong> tank. For anyone in <strong>the</strong> Colombo area with a great interest in<br />
dragonflies and damselflies Talangama is <strong>the</strong> best place <strong>to</strong> spend <strong>the</strong> day.<br />
Note: Talangama tank is located at <strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong> Lake Road approached from ei<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>p<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Independent Television Network road or <strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong> D.P. Wijeysinghe road in<br />
Pelawatte.<br />
The list given below comes from a 3-year period <strong>of</strong> collecting and releasing species I<br />
found around <strong>the</strong> tank.<br />
Scientific Name Common Name<br />
ZYGOPTERA (Damselflies)<br />
Libellago greeni Green’s Asian Jewel<br />
Agricoencmis pygmaea pygmaea Pigmy midget<br />
Cercion malayanum Malay Blue<br />
Ischnura aurora aurora Dawn bluetail<br />
Ceriagrion cerinorubellum Bi-coloured Damselfly<br />
Ceriagrion coromandelianum Yellow Damselfly<br />
Pseudagrion microcephalum Small headed sprite<br />
Pseduagrion rubiceps ceylonicum Orange headed sprite<br />
Prodasineura sita Stripe headed pinfly<br />
ANISOPTERA (Dragonflies)<br />
Family: Gomphidae<br />
Ictinogomphus rapax Asian tiger<br />
Family: Aeshnidae<br />
237
12/10/2007<br />
Gynacantha subinterrupta ?? Big eye<br />
Family: Libellulidae<br />
Lathrecista asiatica asiatica Long-winged skimmer<br />
Or<strong>the</strong>trum luzonicum Luzon Skimmer<br />
Or<strong>the</strong>trum pruinosum neglectum Purple Skimmer<br />
Or<strong>the</strong>trum sabina sabina Somber Skimmer<br />
Acisoma panorpoides Asian pintail<br />
Brachy<strong>the</strong>mis contaminata Orange winged groundling<br />
Croco<strong>the</strong>mis servilia Eastern scarlet darter<br />
Diplacodes trivialis Little blue darter<br />
Diplacodes nebulosa Little cloudy darter<br />
Neuro<strong>the</strong>mis tullia tullia Black velvet wing<br />
Rhodo<strong>the</strong>mis rufa Spine legged reedling<br />
Rhyo<strong>the</strong>mis variegata Variable glider<br />
Pantala flavescens Globe skimmer<br />
Tri<strong>the</strong>mis pallidinervis Dancing Dropwing<br />
Uro<strong>the</strong>mis signata signata Variable Basker<br />
Tholymis tillarga The Twister<br />
Zyxomma petiolatum Drab nightflyer<br />
REPORTS<br />
Field Visit <strong>to</strong> Kumana, Arugambay and Lahugala Via Block 2 <strong>of</strong> Yala National<br />
Park from 31st August <strong>to</strong> 2nd September 2004<br />
by Upali Weerasinge, Manger Yala Safari Game Lodge.<br />
Yala National Park is closed from 1st September <strong>to</strong> 1st Oc<strong>to</strong>ber 2004. With <strong>the</strong> approval<br />
<strong>of</strong> local and regional Wildlife authorities <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> area, I under<strong>to</strong>ok <strong>the</strong> above visit with<br />
staff <strong>of</strong> Yala Safari Game Lodge. With me were Viraj Karunaratne, Chaminda<br />
Suraweera, Wasantha Kumara, Charles Fernando, Manjula Dissanayake, Chandra<br />
Jayawardene, Nadeera Weerasinghe, Nayanapriya Wijebandara.Among <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>rs, were<br />
Mr. Kumudu Amarasinghe, a teacher from Kandy, on our invitation, for he being a field<br />
botanist, 04 drivers and 01 Wildlife personnel as <strong>the</strong> tracker.<br />
On 31st morning we left <strong>the</strong> Hotel in three Mitsubishi 4WD Jeeps, <strong>of</strong> which one jeep had<br />
<strong>to</strong> be used <strong>to</strong> transport equipment, baggage and water. Our safari through Block 1 was<br />
uneventful o<strong>the</strong>r than viewing <strong>the</strong> general wildlife. But once we crossed <strong>the</strong> Menikganga<br />
in<strong>to</strong> Block 11 was a memorable journey up <strong>to</strong> Kubukkan oya, a distance <strong>of</strong> 22 miles.<br />
Instead <strong>of</strong> fording <strong>the</strong> Katupila ara, which is famous for man eating crocodiles (Marsh),<br />
we went upstream and crossed it at a suitable place <strong>to</strong> Pilinnawa area, where <strong>the</strong><br />
Menikganga reaches <strong>the</strong> sea. The estuary supports a lush vegetation <strong>of</strong> mangroves and<br />
roosting birds. The Block 11 is intermittently spaced with open areas, dominated by one<br />
species <strong>of</strong> tree, Maliththan and a series <strong>of</strong> lagoons. The Pottana camping site was an<br />
interesting site for camping, by <strong>the</strong> side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lagoon. One has <strong>to</strong> carry drinking water.<br />
The Palle Pottana, is located about 4 km east, has 3 wells, although <strong>the</strong> water was<br />
238
12/10/2007<br />
brackish, it is useful during <strong>the</strong> season, for <strong>the</strong> pilgrims There was a carcass <strong>of</strong> a land<br />
moni<strong>to</strong>r floating in one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> well. We removed it. There were deer seen in this area and<br />
<strong>the</strong>y appeared <strong>to</strong> be excited emitting alarm calls, probably due <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> presence <strong>of</strong> a<br />
leopard.<br />
From <strong>the</strong>re we visited <strong>the</strong> Walaskema, an area regularly frequented by bears, because <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> rock pools, that provides <strong>the</strong>m with water during <strong>the</strong> dry season. There are 3 such<br />
rock pools on a single rock. A wild buffalo had fallen in <strong>to</strong> one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> rock pools. It was<br />
in a very weak condition. Our efforts <strong>to</strong> pull <strong>the</strong> hapless animal out, using ropes was not<br />
successful and we had <strong>to</strong> leave it <strong>to</strong> it’s own fate. However, <strong>the</strong> information was passed<br />
on <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> wildlife personnel at Okanda (Yala East Park HQ). From <strong>the</strong>re <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Kubukkan<br />
oya was a distance <strong>of</strong> about ano<strong>the</strong>r 7 miles via Gajabawa and Moirawa lagoons.<br />
Due <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> recent Kataragama festival, a large number <strong>of</strong> pilgrims had passed through <strong>the</strong><br />
area. As a result <strong>of</strong> it <strong>the</strong>re were signs <strong>of</strong> numerous campfires and <strong>the</strong> area was full <strong>of</strong><br />
poly<strong>the</strong>ne. At <strong>the</strong> Madame thota, we crossed <strong>the</strong> Kubukkan oya <strong>to</strong> Kumana. Once an<br />
interesting campsite on <strong>the</strong> banks <strong>of</strong> Kubukkan oya, now has been converted <strong>to</strong> a devale.<br />
We had a bath here, although <strong>the</strong> flow <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> river was low and after having lunch, we left<br />
for <strong>the</strong> Kumana Villuwa. An unique area supporting a large number <strong>of</strong> resident water<br />
birds roosting and nesting on <strong>the</strong> mangrove vegetation. The Kumana village had been<br />
abandoned a while back due <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> unrest in <strong>the</strong> area.<br />
The his<strong>to</strong>ry behind Kumana is, that during <strong>the</strong> 1818 riots in Uva, a chieftain and his<br />
servants had come down <strong>the</strong> Kubukkan oya and established <strong>the</strong> Kumana settlement. From<br />
Kumana via several lagoons (Ayakala, Ittikala and Andarakala), Bagura an open plain<br />
once a popular camping site, Yodalipa (giants s<strong>to</strong>ve) 3 boulders located resembling a<br />
“lipa” and via Kuluwana we reached <strong>the</strong> Park Head Quarters at Okanda. The roads are<br />
well maintained and <strong>the</strong> animals seem <strong>to</strong> be returning <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> area. The park head quarters<br />
had been established in a new building with a small but attractive museum. At Okanda<br />
we were accorded a warm welcome by <strong>the</strong> Park Officials, where we spent <strong>the</strong> night.<br />
1st <strong>of</strong> September, dawned with a trek <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> near by Okanda devale for a wash ,bath<br />
(from an andiya well) and breakfast from a boutique in <strong>the</strong> vicinity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> devale. This is<br />
where <strong>the</strong> actual pilgrimage <strong>to</strong> Kataragama commences. From <strong>the</strong>re via Kiripokuna we<br />
visited <strong>the</strong> Bambaragastalawa , where a recumbent Buddha statue is found in a drip<br />
ledged cave. It was heart breaking <strong>to</strong> see <strong>the</strong> statue had been destroyed by treasure<br />
hunters. There is a series <strong>of</strong> Brahmin inscriptions and a plaster on <strong>the</strong> ro<strong>of</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cave<br />
made out <strong>of</strong> a mixture <strong>of</strong> paddy husk, bees honey and lime (sea shells). It is believed <strong>the</strong><br />
area dates back <strong>to</strong> 1st century BC and had been donated by a commander <strong>of</strong> King<br />
Dutugemunu (Sumana) <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> clergy.From <strong>the</strong>re we trekked back <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Kubukkan oya ,<br />
where in <strong>the</strong> ancient times <strong>the</strong> river was forded <strong>to</strong> obtain water <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> area . This place is<br />
known as “Gal Amuna”. But <strong>the</strong>re was hardly any flow <strong>of</strong> water for bathing.<br />
On <strong>the</strong> 2nd September at about 8.30 am, we left Okanda and came <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Kutimbigala<br />
Aranya, located with in <strong>the</strong> precincts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Kutimbigala sanctuary. This area is also<br />
dotted with drip ledged caves and Brahmin inscriptions, said <strong>to</strong> be from <strong>the</strong> 1st century<br />
239
12/10/2007<br />
BC. A panoramic view <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Helawa lagoon and its environs could be seen from this<br />
monastery. Passing Kunukala and Panakala lagoons we came <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Panama Tank. There<br />
was a large collection <strong>of</strong> a variety <strong>of</strong> water birds in <strong>the</strong> tank. In <strong>the</strong> entire lagoon areas<br />
<strong>the</strong>re were hardly any migrants yet <strong>to</strong> be seen, since <strong>the</strong>y have gone <strong>to</strong>tally dry. With <strong>the</strong><br />
on set <strong>of</strong> rains <strong>the</strong>se lagoons could be paradises for a birder <strong>to</strong> see <strong>the</strong> waders.<br />
Passing <strong>the</strong> Panama, <strong>the</strong> last village in <strong>the</strong> Eastern Province we came <strong>to</strong> Arugambay.<br />
There were large crowds enjoying a sea bath. After an enjoyable sea bath and lunch, we<br />
arrived at <strong>the</strong> Lahugala Magul maha viharaya via Pottuvil. It appears that an important<br />
ceremony (Royal marriage ?) had taken place here. The ruins suggests <strong>to</strong> this effect.<br />
However according <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Dept. <strong>of</strong> Archeology <strong>the</strong> area dates back <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> 5th century AD.<br />
The sandakada pahanas (moon s<strong>to</strong>nes) in <strong>the</strong> area, differs from <strong>the</strong> ones that are in<br />
Anuradhapura and Polonnaruwa areas. They lack <strong>the</strong> bull carvings and <strong>the</strong>re are riders on<br />
elephant backs.<br />
From <strong>the</strong> ruins we went passing <strong>the</strong> Lahugala-Kitulana tanks <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Lahugala National<br />
Park. At <strong>the</strong> Kitulana tank <strong>the</strong>re were 7 elephants feeding on <strong>the</strong> special type <strong>of</strong> grass,<br />
The “Beru” found only in Lahugala. We reached <strong>the</strong> hotel via Siyambalanduwa,<br />
Monaragala, Buttala and Kataragama covering all <strong>the</strong> important places <strong>of</strong> interest.<br />
Since this was a great opportunity for us <strong>to</strong> get a first hand knowledge on <strong>the</strong> area for our<br />
future programs and obtaining pho<strong>to</strong>graphs for <strong>the</strong> same reason. I wish <strong>to</strong> thank specially<br />
<strong>the</strong> wildlife personnel at Okanda for <strong>the</strong>ir support and Chandra for sharing his vast<br />
knowledge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> areas and places we visited.<br />
240<br />
Natural His<strong>to</strong>ry Report from Yala Safari Game Lodge (June 2004)<br />
- Chandra Jayawardene & Nadeera Weerasinghe<br />
Large mammals<br />
Leopards<br />
17 encounters involving 18 leopards in 11 days have been recorded. Most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
sightings were recorded in <strong>the</strong> central area <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Park. On 14 th June, Nadeera has<br />
observed a fierce fight between two male leopards in <strong>the</strong> Andunoruwa area. Separate<br />
report on this issue has been submitted.<br />
Bears<br />
16 encounters involving 22 bears in 12 days have been recorded including a fight<br />
between a male and a female bear in Karaugaswala area<br />
Birds<br />
14 migra<strong>to</strong>ry wader species were seen in <strong>the</strong> area in small numbers. In <strong>the</strong> Paltupana<br />
saltern area a Kentish Plover with two chicks have been observed.<br />
Nadeera Weerasinghe, Naturalist <strong>of</strong> Yala Safari Game Lodge reports, "on 14 th June 2004<br />
accompanied a Kuoni Travel Collection group in <strong>the</strong> company <strong>of</strong> trainee Naturalist<br />
Bandara and <strong>the</strong> jeep driver Ranga on a game drive <strong>to</strong> Yala National Park, at about 9.00<br />
AM when watching a large male elephant in “musth” in <strong>the</strong> Andunoruwa area, our
12/10/2007<br />
attention was drawn <strong>to</strong>wards a feared growl in close proximity <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> jeep, about 20<br />
meters away in <strong>the</strong> bush. At once we saw 02 large leopards suspected <strong>to</strong> be males<br />
appeared on <strong>the</strong> main road fighting fiercely. To get a better view <strong>the</strong> driver reversed <strong>the</strong><br />
vehicle only <strong>to</strong> make <strong>the</strong> fighting leopards <strong>to</strong> disappear once again in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> surrounding<br />
bush. In <strong>the</strong> meantime two jackals appeared <strong>to</strong> see <strong>the</strong> big commotion and once <strong>the</strong>y<br />
realized it was a fight between two leopards <strong>the</strong>y <strong>to</strong>o disappeared. Then <strong>the</strong> deer in <strong>the</strong><br />
area started giving alarm calls. As this was an interesting episode we decided <strong>to</strong> get back<br />
<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Diganwala, thinking <strong>the</strong> two leopards that disappeared on <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> left side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
road may appear in <strong>the</strong> vicinity <strong>of</strong> Diganwala. As soon as we reached <strong>the</strong> Diganwala we<br />
saw one leopard crossing <strong>the</strong> road from <strong>the</strong> rear side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> road closer <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
Talgasmankada-Andunoruwa junction. Thereafter when we reached <strong>the</strong> place <strong>of</strong> incident<br />
in <strong>the</strong> vicinity <strong>of</strong> Andunoruwa we came across some bloodstains and signs <strong>of</strong> a fierce<br />
fight".<br />
On 16 th June, when on a birding <strong>to</strong>ur <strong>to</strong> Palatupana salterns we came across two Kentish<br />
Plover chicks, accompanied by <strong>the</strong>ir mo<strong>the</strong>r. There were hardly any migrants <strong>to</strong> be seen<br />
in <strong>the</strong> area.<br />
On 27 th June, at 1630 hrs, we sighted a mating pair <strong>of</strong> sloth bear at Karawgaswala meda<br />
para near <strong>the</strong> water hole. The pair got excited upon our arrival and vanished in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
thicket, after <strong>of</strong>fering <strong>the</strong> group a good view.<br />
Again on <strong>the</strong> next day (28 th June) morning while we were on <strong>the</strong> game drive, while<br />
approaching <strong>the</strong> Walmalkema rock pools at about 0645 hrs we came across <strong>the</strong> same<br />
bears that we saw <strong>the</strong> previous day in <strong>the</strong> vicinity <strong>of</strong> Karaugasawla meda para. There<br />
were signs <strong>to</strong> indicate that <strong>the</strong> female was in oestrous. The male was following her all <strong>the</strong><br />
way and guarding her in <strong>the</strong> meantime, preventing <strong>the</strong> female leaving <strong>the</strong> male. They<br />
seemed <strong>to</strong> be restless moving all <strong>the</strong> time. After a few minutes suddenly <strong>the</strong> male started<br />
attacking <strong>the</strong> female who was rolling on <strong>the</strong> ground and screaming. This fight went on for<br />
a few minutes and both bears s<strong>to</strong>pped fighting and stretched on <strong>the</strong> road for few minutes<br />
and <strong>the</strong>n moved on <strong>the</strong> edge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> jungle and remained lying. As our intention was <strong>to</strong> see<br />
more game we left <strong>the</strong> area without disturbing <strong>the</strong> bears. As we proceeded we saw<br />
ano<strong>the</strong>r male bear going in <strong>the</strong> same direction <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> two bears, but we are unable <strong>to</strong> say<br />
what transpired next.<br />
NEW BOOKS<br />
Some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> following details are from <strong>the</strong> publisher's press releases.<br />
<strong>Jetwing</strong> Eco Holiday’s publish wildlife art book, Shorebirds, an artist in <strong>the</strong> field<br />
Shorebirds, an Artist in <strong>the</strong> Field marks a new step in publishing in Sri Lanka. It is<br />
probably <strong>the</strong> first in <strong>the</strong> "Wildlife Art Book" genre, by a Sri Lankan publisher. This type<br />
<strong>of</strong> 'c<strong>of</strong>fee table' publication is popular amongst European and North American publishers,<br />
but has been largely absent from local publishing. One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> reasons has been <strong>the</strong> high<br />
cost <strong>of</strong> producing high quality publications at an affordable price for small print runs.<br />
However with improvements in technology and falling prices, <strong>Jetwing</strong> Eco <strong>Holidays</strong> have<br />
been able <strong>to</strong> work with Copyline <strong>to</strong> produce this wildlife art book at a reasonable price <strong>of</strong><br />
241
12/10/2007<br />
Rs 1,500. The 48 page book printed on matt art paper is in landscape format with a dust<br />
jacket and hard cover.<br />
The core <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> book is <strong>the</strong> work <strong>of</strong> wildlife artist Lester Perera. Lester Perera, arguably<br />
<strong>the</strong> best-known resident Sri Lankan wildlife artist. His most recent exhibition was held at<br />
<strong>the</strong> Harold Peiris Gallery which coincided with <strong>the</strong> publication <strong>of</strong> a book, "Shorebirds, an<br />
artist in <strong>the</strong> field". The art, reflects Lester's style <strong>of</strong> basing his paintings on field sketches<br />
and rarely relying on pho<strong>to</strong>graphs or museum specimens. His art also captures <strong>the</strong> spirit<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> place, whilst preserving an au<strong>the</strong>nticity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> identity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> birds. Over <strong>the</strong> years,<br />
Lester has developed a more relaxed style <strong>to</strong>wards <strong>the</strong> backgrounds <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> subjects and<br />
has developed a more painterly attitude, freeing himself from <strong>the</strong> pre-occupation <strong>to</strong> detail<br />
which marked his early years.<br />
The artwork is underpinned by a series <strong>of</strong> articles by wildlife and <strong>to</strong>urism celebrity Gehan<br />
de Silva Wijeyeratne. The articles range from wader watching in <strong>the</strong> south <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
wetlands <strong>of</strong> Jaffna. The articles have been previously published in LMD and Serendipity,<br />
two <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> leading publications in business and <strong>to</strong>urism, respectively.<br />
The book was designed by Chandrika Maelge <strong>the</strong> Team Leader <strong>of</strong> <strong>Jetwing</strong> Eco <strong>Holidays</strong><br />
with <strong>the</strong> production team <strong>of</strong> Copyline. According <strong>to</strong> Hiran Cooray MD <strong>of</strong> <strong>Jetwing</strong> Hotels,<br />
publications <strong>of</strong> such high quality underline <strong>the</strong> determination <strong>of</strong> <strong>Jetwing</strong> <strong>to</strong> be world class<br />
in every aspect <strong>of</strong> its operations. Lalin de Mel, Direc<strong>to</strong>r Marketing, <strong>Jetwing</strong> Hotels, sees<br />
this as a good example <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> corporate sec<strong>to</strong>r publicizing Sri Lanka's biodiversity whilst<br />
keeping corporate expenditure integrated within business goals. Shorebirds is <strong>the</strong> first<br />
book <strong>to</strong> be funded wholly by <strong>Jetwing</strong> Eco <strong>Holidays</strong>, one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> most innovative and<br />
highly regarded wildlife travel companies internationally. The company has diversified<br />
its operations from wildlife and birding <strong>to</strong> luxury travel, <strong>the</strong> marketing <strong>of</strong> luxury and<br />
rustic properties and publishing. According <strong>to</strong> Chandrika Maelge, <strong>Jetwing</strong> Eco <strong>Holidays</strong><br />
wants <strong>to</strong> set high standards in whatever it does.<br />
The book are on sale at leading bookshops including Barefoot, ODEL and Lake House<br />
Bookshop Hyde Park Corner. The book and o<strong>the</strong>r <strong>Jetwing</strong> Publications can also be<br />
bought from <strong>the</strong> reservations team, 2nd Floor, <strong>Jetwing</strong> House, 46/26 Navam Mawatha,<br />
Colombo 2.<br />
Shorebirds, an artist in <strong>the</strong> field. 2004. Text by Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne. Art Lester<br />
Perera. Design Chandrika Maelge, Production & Layout Copyline. Published by <strong>Jetwing</strong><br />
Eco <strong>Holidays</strong>, Colombo. 48 pages. ISBN 955 - 1079 - 03 - 5<br />
<strong>Jetwing</strong> publish, Leopards and o<strong>the</strong>r Wildlife <strong>of</strong> Yala<br />
<strong>Jetwing</strong> has taken <strong>the</strong> publishing world by s<strong>to</strong>rm with <strong>the</strong> publication <strong>of</strong> Yala, Leopards<br />
and o<strong>the</strong>r Wildlife <strong>of</strong> Yala. The book combines strong imagery and design with<br />
authoritative but readable text aimed at a lay audience. The 242 page, vertical format<br />
book, square in shape, is printed on matt art paper with a hard cover and dust jacket. It is<br />
arguably one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> best designed and presented c<strong>of</strong>fee table books on Sri Lankan<br />
wildlife whilst at <strong>the</strong> same time containing one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> best selections <strong>of</strong> articles on <strong>the</strong><br />
wildlife <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> dry lowlands <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka.<br />
242
12/10/2007<br />
Yala National Park is one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> finest in Asia for viewing wildlife. In this book several<br />
Sri Lankan naturalists have joined hands with writer and pho<strong>to</strong>grapher Gehan de Silva<br />
Wijeyeratne <strong>to</strong> do justice <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> park. The book is broad in content. The <strong>to</strong>pics, all written<br />
in a style suitable <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> lay person, range from conservation and scientific field work <strong>to</strong><br />
light magazine style articles. The subject matter covering mammals, birds, butterflies,<br />
dragonflies, plants etc covers a broad spectrum <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fauna and flora <strong>of</strong> Yala. The text is<br />
complemented by a visually stunning array <strong>of</strong> images from one <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka's most<br />
prolific pho<strong>to</strong>graphers. The contents <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> book will also serve as a basis <strong>of</strong> information<br />
for many <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka's o<strong>the</strong>r national parks in <strong>the</strong> dry lowlands. No enthusiast <strong>of</strong> Sri<br />
Lankan wildlife will want <strong>to</strong> be without a copy <strong>of</strong> this book. Amazingly, <strong>the</strong> collaborative<br />
effort from <strong>the</strong> inception <strong>of</strong> an idea <strong>to</strong> print materialized in six months with <strong>the</strong> design<br />
consultancy <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> book handled by Chandrika Maelge, Team Leader <strong>of</strong> <strong>Jetwing</strong> Eco<br />
<strong>Holidays</strong> and Copyline handling <strong>the</strong> layout and production.<br />
The fifteen people who have written articles for <strong>the</strong> book include some respected names<br />
in wildlife as well as newcomers <strong>to</strong> wildlife writing in Sri Lanka. The contribu<strong>to</strong>rs are Lal<br />
Anthonis, Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne, Karen Conniff, Chandra Jayawardana, Andrew<br />
Kittle & Anjali Watson, Namal Kamalgoda, Chandrika Maelge, Sriyanie Miththapala,<br />
Adrian Neville, Shyamala Ratnayeke, Ravi Samarasinha, Charles Santiapillai, Rajnish<br />
Vandercone & S. Wijeyamohan and Nadeera Weerasinghe.<br />
The publishing <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> book was handled by <strong>Jetwing</strong> Eco <strong>Holidays</strong> and is jointly funded<br />
by <strong>Jetwing</strong> Eco <strong>Holidays</strong> and <strong>Jetwing</strong> Hotels. <strong>Jetwing</strong> Eco <strong>Holidays</strong> headed by wildlife<br />
and <strong>to</strong>urism celebrity Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne has recently diversified in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
marketing <strong>of</strong> luxury properties as well as in<strong>to</strong> publishing. His strategy <strong>of</strong> recruiting highly<br />
numerate and intellectually versatile staff, what he bills as <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>p one percent <strong>of</strong><br />
intellectual capital, is paying dividends. His team focuses on <strong>the</strong> core business <strong>of</strong><br />
handling wildlife and luxury travel whilst handling a number <strong>of</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r business areas as<br />
well as promoting education, research and conservation.<br />
According <strong>to</strong> Hiran Cooray, MD <strong>of</strong> <strong>Jetwing</strong> Hotels, publications such as this are part <strong>of</strong> a<br />
wider mandate <strong>of</strong> <strong>Jetwing</strong> <strong>to</strong> position Sri Lanka at <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>p end. Lalin de Mel, Direc<strong>to</strong>r<br />
Marketing <strong>of</strong> <strong>Jetwing</strong> Hotels sees <strong>the</strong> book as an important step in positioning Sri Lanka<br />
as an international Big Game Safari destination.<br />
The book priced around Rs 3,500, will be on sale at leading bookshops including<br />
Barefoot, Mark Book Sellers (Kandy), ODEL and Lake House Bookshop Hyde Park<br />
Corner. This book and o<strong>the</strong>r <strong>Jetwing</strong> Publications can also be bought from <strong>the</strong><br />
reservations team, 2nd Floor, <strong>Jetwing</strong> House, 46/26 Navam Mawatha, Colombo 2.<br />
Pho<strong>to</strong>graphic Poster on <strong>the</strong> Butterflies <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka<br />
A beautiful, high quality, large format poster will help <strong>to</strong> create awareness <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
butterflies <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka. Measuring a generous 86 cm x 57 cm, it carries pho<strong>to</strong>graphic<br />
images <strong>of</strong> 57 species <strong>of</strong> butterflies. The images are by wildlife populariser Gehan de<br />
Silva Wijeyeratne and published by <strong>Jetwing</strong> Eco <strong>Holidays</strong>, a specialist in wildlife and<br />
luxury travel. Hiran Cooray, Managing Direc<strong>to</strong>r <strong>of</strong> <strong>Jetwing</strong> Hotels says that <strong>the</strong> poster is<br />
243
12/10/2007<br />
a prime example <strong>of</strong> how <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>urism industry is taking its responsibilities <strong>to</strong>wards <strong>the</strong><br />
environment seriously. Lalin de Mel, Direc<strong>to</strong>r Marketing <strong>of</strong> <strong>Jetwing</strong> Hotels says that <strong>the</strong><br />
educational initiatives undertaken by <strong>the</strong> specialist subsidiary, <strong>Jetwing</strong> Eco <strong>Holidays</strong>,<br />
creates a strong branding, not just for <strong>Jetwing</strong>, but for Sri Lankan <strong>to</strong>urism as a whole as<br />
one which combines commercial interests with a sense <strong>of</strong> environmental responsibility.<br />
The poster is designed <strong>to</strong> fill a gap in <strong>the</strong> natural his<strong>to</strong>ry literature on Sri Lanka. At<br />
present <strong>the</strong>re is no pho<strong>to</strong>graphic guide <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> butterflies <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka showing species<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphed under wild conditions. Chandrika Maelge, Team Leader <strong>of</strong> <strong>Jetwing</strong> Eco<br />
<strong>Holidays</strong>, states that <strong>the</strong> poster is a stepping-s<strong>to</strong>ne. She believes it will at least provide a<br />
means <strong>to</strong> identify some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> commoner butterflies until <strong>the</strong> publication <strong>of</strong> a guide book<br />
which her team is working on, is in print.<br />
The idea for <strong>the</strong> poster came after Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne visited <strong>the</strong> Nature Society<br />
<strong>of</strong> Singapore and received a poster published by <strong>the</strong>m. A keen wildlife pho<strong>to</strong>grapher, he<br />
immediately saw <strong>the</strong> potential for creating awareness <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> diversity <strong>of</strong> butterflies in Sri<br />
Lanka through a similar pho<strong>to</strong>graphic poster. Sri Lanka has 242 species <strong>of</strong> butterflies<br />
including a group <strong>of</strong> insects known as <strong>the</strong> Skippers. A significant number are endemic<br />
although <strong>the</strong> species considered as endemic vary from one author <strong>to</strong> ano<strong>the</strong>r. Posters such<br />
as this will help <strong>to</strong> create awareness <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> island's precious bio-diversity. <strong>Jetwing</strong> Eco<br />
<strong>Holidays</strong> have also used <strong>the</strong> poster as a marketing <strong>to</strong>ol <strong>to</strong> develop butterfly watching<br />
<strong>to</strong>urs <strong>to</strong> Sri Lanka. Gehan who has emerged as a wildlife and <strong>to</strong>urism celebrity in Sri<br />
Lanka is adamant that <strong>the</strong> best means <strong>to</strong> ensure <strong>the</strong> long term success <strong>of</strong> education<br />
initiatives from <strong>the</strong> private sec<strong>to</strong>r is <strong>to</strong> underpin <strong>the</strong>m with a business justification. With<br />
all <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> big names in wildlife guiding in Sri Lanka working for <strong>Jetwing</strong> Eco <strong>Holidays</strong>, it<br />
makes his task easier <strong>to</strong> link educational initiatives with <strong>the</strong> company's mainstream<br />
business.<br />
The posters costs Rs 300 and is available from <strong>the</strong> Cashier, 3rd Floor, <strong>Jetwing</strong> House,<br />
46/26 Navam Mawatha, Colombo 2. It is also available from leading bookshops.<br />
SRI LANKA WILDLIFE NEWS is a monthly e-mail <strong>of</strong> birding and wildlife events,<br />
sightings and short notes <strong>of</strong> interest <strong>to</strong> birders, pho<strong>to</strong>graphers, conservationists etc. To<br />
receive a copy, please e-mail gehan@jetwing.lk with "Subscribe Wildlife News" in <strong>the</strong><br />
subject header. SLWN values your privacy, <strong>to</strong> be removed, e-mail with “Unsubscribe<br />
Wildlife News” in <strong>the</strong> header. Please e-mail your sightings, events etc <strong>to</strong><br />
gehan@jetwing.lk. The media are welcome <strong>to</strong> extract details, but please attribute <strong>the</strong><br />
source. Past issues are on www.jetwingeco.com<br />
JUNE & JULY 2004<br />
Dear All, Feel free <strong>to</strong> circulate. To contribute or <strong>to</strong> un-subscribe, please see below.<br />
Regards Gehan<br />
244<br />
SRI LANKA WILDLIFE NEWS (June & July 2004)
12/10/2007<br />
HIGHLIGHTS<br />
245<br />
- a compilation by Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne (21/July/2004)<br />
[*] Anna Nekaris on a second species <strong>of</strong> Loris, a primate, in Sri Lanka<br />
[*] Wildlife Artist Lester Perera stages ano<strong>the</strong>r Exhibition (See Events)<br />
[*] Killer Whales <strong>to</strong> Corals Can Eco-<strong>to</strong>urism Contribute <strong>to</strong> Conservation (See Events<br />
Diary)<br />
[*] New publications include a Poster on <strong>the</strong> Butterflies <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka and a book on<br />
Birds <strong>of</strong> Western Ghats, Kokan and Malabar (including Birds <strong>of</strong> Goa).<br />
[*] Top birders Deepal Warakagoda, Uditha Hettige, Lester Perera & Chinthaka de<br />
Silva, fly <strong>to</strong> <strong>Jetwing</strong>. See Press Releases.<br />
EVENTS SUMMARY<br />
- Sat 24 & Sun 25 July Shorebirds An exhibition <strong>of</strong> Bird Art by Lester Perera. Harold<br />
Peiris Gallery, Lionel Wendt, Colombo. Over 50 works <strong>of</strong> art will be on display by Sri<br />
Lanka's best known bird artist. See Press Releases below for more information.<br />
- Wednesday 28 th July 2004 Killer Whales <strong>to</strong> Corals: Can Eco-<strong>to</strong>urism Contribute <strong>to</strong><br />
Conservation - by Pr<strong>of</strong>essor Philip Dearden Barefoot Gallery, 704, Galle Road,<br />
Colombo 3. Time 6 p.m. Barefoot- SLNHS-<strong>Jetwing</strong> Lecture Series.<br />
Philip Dearden is Pr<strong>of</strong>essor in Geography at <strong>the</strong> University <strong>of</strong> Vic<strong>to</strong>ria, Canada. He has<br />
worked in protected areas around <strong>the</strong> world but has particular specialisation in Canada<br />
and Sou<strong>the</strong>ast Asia. He has worked in both terrestrial and marine parks, was a founder <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> University <strong>of</strong> Vic<strong>to</strong>ria Whale Research Labora<strong>to</strong>ry and is currently Direc<strong>to</strong>r <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
Marine Protected Areas Research Group. He is particularly interested in <strong>the</strong> interaction <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>to</strong>urism with conservation and has been an active researcher in this area for over 20 years.<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>essor Dearden has authored over 150 scientific articles and 7 books. A member <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
IUCN’s World Commission on Protected Areas, he has acted as Consultant <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> ADB,<br />
World Bank, IUCN, UNESCO, UNDP, CIDA and <strong>the</strong> Royal Thai Govt. among o<strong>the</strong>rs.<br />
He has worked on various projects in Sri Lanka for <strong>the</strong> last 5 years and is currently <strong>the</strong><br />
Eco<strong>to</strong>urism Advisor <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> DWLC in Sri Lanka.<br />
- Saturday 31 July, Lecture series on birds for beginners. 9.30 am - 12.00. NBLT,<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Colombo, Colombo 3. Field Ornithology Group <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka (FOGSL)<br />
Lecture Series. Topic and speaker <strong>to</strong> be finalised.<br />
- August 2004 An Overview <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Plant and Animal Kingdoms<br />
By popular demand, Dr Janaki Galappatti and Dr Sriyanie Miththapala will repeat <strong>the</strong>ir<br />
course ‘An Overview <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Plant and Animal Kingdoms.’ This course is designed for<br />
students who are following Biology as a subject ei<strong>the</strong>r for Local or London A/Ls, or for<br />
SAT II; students who have a keen interest in nature; and especially for students who are<br />
looking for something challenging.
12/10/2007<br />
It will give students a good overview <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> evolution and diversity <strong>of</strong> both plants and<br />
animals and will range from <strong>the</strong> basics <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> five-kingdom classification <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> evolution<br />
<strong>of</strong> humans. It will also include three, half-day/ one-day field trips, hands-on learning and<br />
multimedia presentations and will be conducted in English.<br />
The course will be held initially after school hours on certain days in <strong>the</strong> week <strong>of</strong> Monday<br />
August 9th 2004, with <strong>the</strong> bulk <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sessions starting on Monday August 16th and<br />
ending on Tuesday August 31st from 9 a.m. <strong>to</strong> 2-4 p.m. with breaks on each Thursday<br />
and Sunday. A limited number <strong>of</strong> places are available <strong>to</strong> teachers who could benefit not<br />
only for <strong>the</strong> content but also from observing <strong>the</strong> teaching techniques used. Call Dr<br />
Galappatti at 2698696/ Dr Miththapala at 2853484/ or email<br />
sriyaniemiththapala@yahoo.co.uk with ‘student course details’ in <strong>the</strong> subject header.<br />
BIRDING & WILDLIFE NEWS<br />
Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne send in his observation from Yala between 10 and 12 July.<br />
"The park was very dry and parched. A few minutes <strong>of</strong> rain was experienced on Monday<br />
12 July. Four Lesser Adjutant at Kota Bendi Wewa on 11 and 12 July. The first time I<br />
have seen as many as four <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r. There were no obvious differences in plumage <strong>to</strong><br />
show whe<strong>the</strong>r any <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m were immatures, although I did wonder whe<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong>se were<br />
sub adults with parents.<br />
On 12 July I visited <strong>the</strong> resting point besides <strong>the</strong> Menik Ganga, near <strong>the</strong> Yala Bungalow.<br />
The river was completely dry. Hawking overhead was a single Brown-throated Spinetail<br />
Swift. Elsewhere I also observed <strong>the</strong> commoner House Swift (White-rumped Swift). At<br />
one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> waterholes in Karagaswala Meda Par, a pair <strong>of</strong> sub-adult Sri Lanka<br />
Junglefowls engaged in a fight.<br />
Small Salmon Arab and Orangetip were <strong>the</strong> only butterflies in evidence. A Sloth Bear,<br />
blind in one eye, walked from <strong>the</strong> Welmal Kema road <strong>to</strong> Siyambala Gas Wala. It did not<br />
mind <strong>the</strong> 6-7 jeeps which tailed it. Several leopard pugs and alarm calls <strong>of</strong> prey heard, but<br />
no sightings <strong>of</strong> Leopard. On 10 & 11 evening, a tusker was seen with ano<strong>the</strong>r big<br />
elephant in <strong>the</strong> distance on Buttuwa Plains. It had a full tail and may have been Short<br />
Tusks.<br />
At <strong>the</strong> Menik Ganga a troop <strong>of</strong> Hanuman Langur was present. The Toque Monkeys had<br />
moved away, apparently due <strong>to</strong> a decline in visi<strong>to</strong>rs because <strong>the</strong> river was dry. After<br />
about half an hour, a male in prime mating mood appeared. My close approach was<br />
warned <strong>of</strong>f twice with two long yawns displaying <strong>the</strong> canines".<br />
Lester Perera, Chandrika Maelge and Rasika Amarapathy visited <strong>the</strong> Ambalangoda<br />
Rocks en route <strong>to</strong> Galle on 3 July 2004. The seasonal, tern colony had formed comprising<br />
mainly <strong>of</strong> Large Crested Terns. They estimate between 1,000 - 2,000 birds. As <strong>the</strong>y were<br />
watching, <strong>the</strong> colony was put up by a White-bellied Sea Eagle.<br />
246
12/10/2007<br />
Arjun Perera send in this report. "A few friends and I were in Yala from <strong>the</strong> 2nd <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
4th <strong>of</strong> July, we had a Sloth Bear sighting around 6.30 am and a Leopard sighting around<br />
7.15 - 7.30 am. on <strong>the</strong> 3 <strong>of</strong> July. Given below is a brief description <strong>of</strong> our sighting.<br />
The Bear sighting was brief, at Welmalkema. As we approached <strong>the</strong> bear it was digging<br />
up a small tree, a few moments later ano<strong>the</strong>r vehicle approached us from <strong>the</strong> opposite<br />
directions which disturbed <strong>the</strong> bear and it moved in <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> thicket.<br />
We were proceeding along <strong>the</strong> road and about 500 meters past <strong>the</strong> Patanangala Bungalow<br />
turn <strong>of</strong>f, we heard Spotted Deer alarm on <strong>the</strong> left hand side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> road, a sure sign that<br />
<strong>the</strong> a Leopard was on <strong>the</strong> move. We s<strong>to</strong>pped <strong>the</strong> vehicle and listened for about 10 <strong>to</strong> 15<br />
minutes. The alarm calls seemed <strong>to</strong> ease <strong>of</strong> and <strong>the</strong>n about 50 meters behind <strong>the</strong> vehicle<br />
<strong>the</strong> Leopard emerged out <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> thicket and proceeded <strong>to</strong> walk along <strong>the</strong> road away from<br />
us, s<strong>to</strong>pping briefly <strong>to</strong> look back at us she proceeded for a few more meters <strong>the</strong>n turned<br />
and crossed <strong>the</strong> road and disappeared in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> thicket again.<br />
Peter Evans a pr<strong>of</strong>essional pho<strong>to</strong>grapher from <strong>the</strong> UK was on <strong>to</strong>ur with Wicky<br />
Wickremasekara from <strong>the</strong> 11th <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> 23rd <strong>of</strong> June. They had a <strong>to</strong>tal <strong>of</strong> four Sloth Bear<br />
sightings. Wicky reports that in <strong>the</strong> eight days (which were spent in Yala) 38 jackals and<br />
4 tuskers were spotted!<br />
Uditha Hettige on <strong>to</strong>ur with Australian journalist Veronica Ma<strong>the</strong>son (9-12 June) in<br />
Yala observed two tuskers. They also had a female leopard on Talgasmankada road. They<br />
visited Sinharaja on 12 June and found it very windy. Several trees had fallen down<br />
because <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> strong monsoonal winds. They had two good feeding flocks with Redfaced<br />
Malkoha, Malabar Trogons, White-faced Starlings etc. The flocks were seen during<br />
pauses in <strong>the</strong> rain.<br />
Ekendra Edrisinghe responds <strong>to</strong> an article/query raised by Alan Wood in a previous<br />
issues <strong>of</strong> SLWN, concerning <strong>the</strong> Wasgamuwa Park.<br />
"I know that many people are unaware where <strong>the</strong> Wasgamuwa national park is. If one<br />
was <strong>to</strong> go <strong>to</strong> Wasgamuwa from Colombo via Dambulla-Naula-Elahera-Laggala-<br />
Handungamuwa, or via Kandy-Hasalaka-Wilgamuwa, <strong>the</strong> journey would now take<br />
anything from 5 <strong>to</strong> 7 hours depending on what time one leaves Colombo and how fast<br />
one drives. Many people do not wish <strong>to</strong> undertake such arduous journeys, unless <strong>the</strong>y are<br />
in that vicinity as explained by Alan. The result is that this lovely park is very rarely<br />
visited. As accessibility <strong>to</strong> this park is difficult, during <strong>the</strong> months <strong>of</strong> July - September,<br />
Minneriya and Kaudulla National parks become popular, but over crowded.<br />
About 3 <strong>to</strong> 4 years ago, <strong>the</strong>re was a proposal <strong>to</strong> construct a narrow bridge just opposite<br />
<strong>the</strong> Kirioya Wildlife Beat Office leading <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Wasgamuwa National Park from <strong>the</strong><br />
Western boundary over <strong>the</strong> Kalu Ganga, about 36 km from Naula. This would cut short<br />
<strong>the</strong> journey <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Wasgamuwa park via <strong>the</strong> Handungamuwa route by almost 2 hours.<br />
With Rs. 600 million Japanese aid obtained <strong>to</strong> construct a new road from Dambulla <strong>to</strong><br />
Mahiyanagane, via Kalundewa, Bakamuna <strong>to</strong> Polathuwadiya on <strong>the</strong> Laggala-Pallegama<br />
247
12/10/2007<br />
road, <strong>the</strong> construction <strong>of</strong> this bridge at KiriOya over <strong>the</strong> Kalu Ganga, in effect would<br />
mean that one could easily get <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> park in 3 1/2 <strong>to</strong> 4 hours from Colombo. The distance<br />
<strong>to</strong> KiriOya from Dambulla would be no more than about 35 km.<br />
I saw a recent letter <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> local press by a visi<strong>to</strong>r <strong>to</strong> Wasgamuwa, who had written that he<br />
had seen poachers openly carrying firearms in <strong>the</strong> wildlife park during daytime hours.<br />
This is because <strong>the</strong> park is visited so rarely that poaching, illict logging and gem mining<br />
is a very common occurrence. With more wildlife enthusiasts encouraged <strong>to</strong> visit<br />
Wasgamuwa, all this will diminish and <strong>the</strong> people <strong>of</strong> area <strong>to</strong>o can benefit by selling <strong>the</strong>ir<br />
vegetables and fruits <strong>to</strong> park visi<strong>to</strong>rs. Easy accessibility <strong>to</strong> Wasgamuwa will also result<br />
in less pressure on Yala and Uda-walawe national parks, as well as Minneriya and<br />
Kaudulla parks<br />
Wasgamuwa has a lot <strong>to</strong> <strong>of</strong>fer - birds specially. There is plenty <strong>of</strong> elephant, deer, sambur,<br />
bear and leopard <strong>to</strong>o".<br />
Kike Olsder sends in information for those seeking funding.<br />
"The Ne<strong>the</strong>rlands Committee for IUCN is running a Biodiversity & Tourism program<br />
and has just started with a small fund for micro grants for <strong>to</strong>urism projects that contribute<br />
<strong>to</strong> biodiversity conservation. Local NGOs as well as small local entrepreneurs can apply<br />
for a grant with a maximum <strong>of</strong> 12,500 euros. Sri Lanka is one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> priority countries for<br />
this fund. Information on <strong>the</strong> criteria and <strong>the</strong> procedure can be found on<br />
http://www.nciucn.nl/nederlands/programmas/neth_worldecology/<strong>to</strong>erisme/smallgrants_f<br />
onds.htm .<br />
The first deadline for proposals is July 31st and applicants are requested <strong>to</strong> send a preproposal<br />
before <strong>the</strong>y send a project proposal".<br />
PRESS RELEASES<br />
Lester Perera’s Shorebirds on display at Lionel Wendt<br />
Artist Lester Perera holds his 6 th exhibition <strong>of</strong> Bird Paintings ‘Shorebirds’ from July 24<br />
<strong>to</strong> 25 at <strong>the</strong> Lionel Wendt Gallery. The exhibition, open free <strong>of</strong> charge each day from 9<br />
am <strong>to</strong> 6 pm, is supported by <strong>Jetwing</strong> Eco <strong>Holidays</strong>.<br />
Over 50 works <strong>of</strong> art will be on display- most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m watercolour paintings though some<br />
acrylic studies are included. The paintings <strong>of</strong>fer rare and vital glimpses in <strong>to</strong> Sri Lanka’s<br />
wide and varied bird life. Shorebirds in <strong>the</strong>ir natural ambience <strong>of</strong> sea, sand and sky vie<br />
for attention with some studies <strong>of</strong> his favorite forest birds in <strong>the</strong>ir natural habitat.<br />
Concurrently with <strong>the</strong> exhibition, <strong>the</strong>re will be <strong>the</strong> release <strong>of</strong> ‘Shorebirds an artist in <strong>the</strong><br />
field’ a book on bird watching in Sri Lanka illustrated by Lester Perera with articles by<br />
his friend Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne. This is <strong>the</strong> fanatical bird watching duo’s latest<br />
excursion in<strong>to</strong> print. Copies <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> 64 page book (with hard cover & dust Jacket) will be<br />
on sale at a special price.<br />
248
12/10/2007<br />
Lester’s first exhibition <strong>of</strong> paintings was in Colombo in 1990, received very well by<br />
friends and fans alike. Subsequent exhibitions were held in 1991, 1996, 2001 and 2002,<br />
which also evoked enthusiastic responses. His reper<strong>to</strong>ire has expanded with each<br />
exhibition while his mastery <strong>of</strong> his subject increased.<br />
The current display is stunningly au<strong>the</strong>ntic, <strong>the</strong> brushstrokes; fluid and sweeping,<br />
combined with meticulous attention <strong>to</strong> detail brings both bird and habitat <strong>to</strong> life. A<br />
fantastical bird watcher, Lester Paints directly from field observations, ei<strong>the</strong>r at <strong>the</strong> site<br />
itself or based on field sketches made on site. His commitment is <strong>to</strong> produce au<strong>the</strong>ntic<br />
portraits <strong>of</strong> his favorite avifauna. “For me, this is <strong>the</strong> most thrilling part <strong>of</strong> bird watching”<br />
he says. “Some birds are very rare and <strong>the</strong>refore difficult <strong>to</strong> spot in <strong>the</strong> wild…. The<br />
challenge is <strong>to</strong> commit <strong>to</strong> sketch book or memory enough details so that I can draw an<br />
au<strong>the</strong>ntic painting”.<br />
A self-taught bird watcher and artist, Lester has combined his artistic skill with his<br />
passion for nature and wildlife. He quit his private sec<strong>to</strong>r job two years ago <strong>to</strong> devote<br />
time <strong>to</strong> his twin passions <strong>of</strong> bird watching and bird painting. He now works as a <strong>Jetwing</strong><br />
Eco <strong>Holidays</strong> <strong>to</strong>ur guide, for foreign bird watching group who visit Sri Lanka.<br />
Lester has spent time in Thailand, Singapore and India observing bird life. He has <strong>to</strong>ured<br />
India extensively, accompanying birding groups. Lester remarks ‘ In some ways, this is<br />
<strong>the</strong> most difficult and frustrating form <strong>of</strong> art. Many bird populations are dwindling owing<br />
<strong>to</strong> environmental degradation and habitat destruction. Even at <strong>the</strong> best <strong>of</strong> times observing<br />
some bird species in <strong>the</strong> wild requires a great deal <strong>of</strong> field knowledge, patience and luck.’<br />
‘Giving life <strong>to</strong> any living creature on paper is indeed a challenge. Its both a gift and a<br />
skill that needs <strong>to</strong> be sharpened over years’ says <strong>the</strong> artist whose work has illustrated<br />
specialists and popular books on bird watching as well as magazine covers. Among <strong>the</strong><br />
books that he has illustrated is ‘A Bird watcher’s Guide <strong>to</strong> Sri Lanka’ Published in <strong>the</strong><br />
UK by <strong>the</strong> Oriental Bird Club (OBC). His work has also appeared in journals such as <strong>the</strong><br />
‘OBC Bulletins’ and ‘Loris’ published by <strong>the</strong> Wild Life and Nature Protection Society <strong>of</strong><br />
Sri Lanka.<br />
The exhibited work will be available on sale <strong>of</strong>fering collec<strong>to</strong>rs an opportunity <strong>to</strong> acquire<br />
bird paintings, which are truly evocative <strong>of</strong> both bird and habitat. The book, "Shorebirds<br />
an artist in <strong>the</strong> field" will be 48 pages, with a dust jacket and hard cover. It will be on sale<br />
at leading bookshops from late August at an estimated price <strong>of</strong> Rs 1,500. It will also be<br />
available from <strong>the</strong> Cashier, 3rd Floor, <strong>Jetwing</strong> House, 46/26 Nawam Mawatha, Colombo<br />
2.<br />
Pho<strong>to</strong>graphic Poster on <strong>the</strong> Butterflies <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka<br />
A beautiful, high quality, large format poster will help <strong>to</strong> create awareness <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
butterflies <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka. Measuring a generous 86 cm x 57 cm, it carries pho<strong>to</strong>graphic<br />
images <strong>of</strong> 57 species <strong>of</strong> butterflies. The images are by wildlife populariser Gehan de<br />
Silva Wijeyeratne and published by <strong>Jetwing</strong> Eco <strong>Holidays</strong>, a specialist in wildlife and<br />
luxury travel. Hiran Cooray, Managing Direc<strong>to</strong>r <strong>of</strong> <strong>Jetwing</strong> Hotels says that <strong>the</strong> poster is<br />
249
12/10/2007<br />
a prime example <strong>of</strong> how <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>urism industry is taking its responsibilities <strong>to</strong>wards <strong>the</strong><br />
environment seriously. Lalin de Mel, Direc<strong>to</strong>r Marketing <strong>of</strong> <strong>Jetwing</strong> Hotels says that <strong>the</strong><br />
educational initiatives undertaken by <strong>the</strong> specialist subsidiary, <strong>Jetwing</strong> Eco <strong>Holidays</strong>,<br />
creates a strong branding, not just for <strong>Jetwing</strong>, but for Sri Lankan <strong>to</strong>urism as a whole as<br />
one which combines commercial interests with a sense <strong>of</strong> environmental responsibility.<br />
The poster is designed <strong>to</strong> fill a gap in <strong>the</strong> natural his<strong>to</strong>ry literature on Sri Lanka. At<br />
present <strong>the</strong>re is no pho<strong>to</strong>graphic guide <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> butterflies <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka showing species<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphed under wild conditions. Chandrika Maelge, Team Leader <strong>of</strong> <strong>Jetwing</strong> Eco<br />
<strong>Holidays</strong>, states that <strong>the</strong> poster is a stepping s<strong>to</strong>ne. She believes it will at least provide a<br />
means <strong>to</strong> identify some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> commoner butterflies until <strong>the</strong> publication <strong>of</strong> a guide book<br />
which her team is working on, is in print.<br />
The idea for <strong>the</strong> poster came after Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne visited <strong>the</strong> Nature Society<br />
<strong>of</strong> Singapore and received a poster published by <strong>the</strong>m. A keen wildlife pho<strong>to</strong>grapher, he<br />
immediately saw <strong>the</strong> potential for creating awareness <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> diversity <strong>of</strong> butterflies in Sri<br />
Lanka through a similar pho<strong>to</strong>graphic poster. Sri Lanka has 242 species <strong>of</strong> butterflies<br />
including a group <strong>of</strong> insects known as <strong>the</strong> Skippers. A significant number are endemic<br />
although <strong>the</strong> species considered as endemic vary from one author <strong>to</strong> ano<strong>the</strong>r. Posters such<br />
as this will help <strong>to</strong> create awareness <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> island's precious bio-diversity. <strong>Jetwing</strong> Eco<br />
<strong>Holidays</strong> have also used <strong>the</strong> poster as a marketing <strong>to</strong>ol <strong>to</strong> develop butterfly watching<br />
<strong>to</strong>urs <strong>to</strong> Sri Lanka. Gehan who has emerged as a wildlife and <strong>to</strong>urism celebrity in Sri<br />
Lanka is adamant that <strong>the</strong> best means <strong>to</strong> ensure <strong>the</strong> long term success <strong>of</strong> education<br />
initiatives from <strong>the</strong> private sec<strong>to</strong>r is <strong>to</strong> underpin <strong>the</strong>m with a business justification. With<br />
all <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> big names in wildlife guiding in Sri Lanka working for <strong>Jetwing</strong> Eco <strong>Holidays</strong>, it<br />
makes his task easier <strong>to</strong> link educational initiatives with <strong>the</strong> company's mainstream<br />
business.<br />
The posters costs Rs 300 and is available from <strong>the</strong> Cashier, 3rd Floor, <strong>Jetwing</strong> House,<br />
46/26 Navam Mawatha, Colombo 2. It will also be available from mid August from<br />
leading bookshops.<br />
Top Birders fly <strong>to</strong> <strong>Jetwing</strong> Eco <strong>Holidays</strong><br />
Sri Lanka's leading Natural His<strong>to</strong>ry Tour leaders have decided <strong>to</strong> work on an exclusive<br />
basis with <strong>Jetwing</strong> Eco <strong>Holidays</strong> joining <strong>the</strong> team <strong>of</strong> Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne. They<br />
include Deepal Warakagoda who discovered <strong>the</strong> Serendib Scops Owl, <strong>the</strong> first new<br />
species <strong>of</strong> bird <strong>to</strong> be described from Sri Lanka after a lapse <strong>of</strong> 132 years. All round<br />
naturalists and <strong>to</strong>p birders Uditha Hettige, Lester Perera, and Chinthaka de Silva are<br />
also in <strong>the</strong> team which have joined <strong>Jetwing</strong> Eco <strong>Holidays</strong>. Lester Perera is also one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
country's best known wildlife artists.<br />
Meanwhile, <strong>Jetwing</strong> Hotels have s<strong>to</strong>pped up <strong>the</strong>ir campaign <strong>to</strong> recruit Naturalists for <strong>the</strong>ir<br />
hotels. They now have 12 full time naturalists with a target <strong>of</strong> 15 by <strong>the</strong> year end. The<br />
<strong>Jetwing</strong> family <strong>of</strong> companies now have a depth <strong>of</strong> skills and a number <strong>of</strong> naturalists,<br />
naturalist <strong>to</strong>ur leaders and naturalist chauffeur guides which has no rival in Sri Lanka.<br />
<strong>Jetwing</strong> spend a significant amount <strong>of</strong> time and money promoting research, conservation<br />
250
12/10/2007<br />
and education in Sri Lanka. Its high pr<strong>of</strong>ile matches that <strong>of</strong> some conservation NGOs.<br />
Chandrika Maelge (Team Leader, <strong>Jetwing</strong> Eco <strong>Holidays</strong>) believes that o<strong>the</strong>r <strong>to</strong>ur leaders<br />
who wish <strong>to</strong> make a name in wildlife <strong>to</strong>urism, will also cross over <strong>to</strong> <strong>Jetwing</strong>, within <strong>the</strong><br />
next year.<br />
ARTICLES/TRIP REPORTS<br />
Conserving Sri Lanka’s Slender Loris<br />
Anna Nekaris, M.A., Ph.D.<br />
Asia harbours a unique group <strong>of</strong> tail-less primates, characterised by enormous close-set<br />
eyes, vice-like hands and feet, and a stealthy and graceful climbing locomotion that is <strong>the</strong><br />
envy <strong>of</strong> dancers and martial artists alike. These are <strong>the</strong> lorises, close kin <strong>to</strong> monkeys and<br />
apes, and <strong>the</strong>y are amongst <strong>the</strong> least studied primates in <strong>the</strong> world. Three general<br />
‘morphs’ – pygmy, slow and slender – occur, and diversity within <strong>the</strong>se groups is only<br />
now being uncovered. I began my research on <strong>the</strong>se unique animals in 1993, with a study<br />
in India, and have now pursued <strong>the</strong>se amazing creatures <strong>to</strong> Sri Lanka, beginning in 2001.<br />
This is <strong>the</strong> first systematic study <strong>of</strong> its kind in Sri Lanka since a 10 day study in 1970!<br />
The research has brought with it surprises, as well as cascading effects for both <strong>the</strong><br />
people and <strong>the</strong> animals living side by side with <strong>the</strong> lorises.<br />
One slender loris species with four subspecies was thought <strong>to</strong> be resident in Sri Lanka,<br />
closely allied <strong>to</strong> two additional races in sou<strong>the</strong>rn India. Sri Lanka, however, is an island<br />
rich in biodiversity and complex ecoregions. The southwest in particular, where <strong>the</strong> last<br />
remaining vestiges <strong>of</strong> rainforest remain (amounting <strong>to</strong> less than 3%), species richness is<br />
particularly high, resulting in <strong>the</strong> declaration <strong>of</strong> this part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> island as one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
world’s 11 Hyperhot Hotspots. Recent research, delayed due <strong>to</strong> civil unrest, has revealed<br />
numerous new amphibian species, a new owl, and a new fruit bat. Thus it is not really a<br />
surprise that ano<strong>the</strong>r type <strong>of</strong> slender loris, shy, small and nocturnal, should be creeping<br />
around <strong>the</strong> nocturnal rain forests undetected by science, or at least scientists who could<br />
see how completely different it is!<br />
This new species is called <strong>the</strong> red slender loris (retaining <strong>the</strong> name Loris tardigradus, as<br />
opposed <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> dry zone form, now known as Loris lydekkerianus), and differs from o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
Ceylonese forms in its red coat, and a body size <strong>of</strong> about 120 g, less than half <strong>the</strong> size <strong>of</strong><br />
o<strong>the</strong>r lorises on <strong>the</strong> island, and 1/3 <strong>the</strong> size <strong>of</strong> Indian slender lorises. Perhaps its most<br />
unique feature is its locomotion. Slender lorises have been called sloth-like in <strong>the</strong>ir<br />
movements. This tiny red loris has surprised everyone by its speedy running! It also has<br />
a unique call <strong>to</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r forms, suited <strong>to</strong> life in a dense rainforest.<br />
Paramount in concern, as readers <strong>of</strong> this newsletter will know, is that <strong>the</strong>se rainforests are<br />
disappearing at an alarming rate. An important component <strong>of</strong> our research is <strong>to</strong><br />
characterise <strong>the</strong> forest fragments, most <strong>of</strong> which are exceedingly tiny (generally 500 ha or<br />
less). Even with protection from <strong>the</strong> Forest Department, a burgeoning human population<br />
must use <strong>the</strong> forest for subsistence. Chronic human disturbance <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> forest for<br />
firewood, rice cultivation and timber is creating ‘<strong>to</strong>p down’ effects, and without<br />
251
12/10/2007<br />
sophisticated intervention from forward thinking foresters, <strong>the</strong>se forests will not be able<br />
<strong>to</strong> recover, or will only do so when <strong>the</strong> endemic species <strong>the</strong>y harbour are locally extinct.<br />
Thus, what we consider <strong>to</strong> be one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> critical components <strong>of</strong> our project is<br />
conservation education. The next generation truly holds <strong>the</strong> future <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se forests in<br />
<strong>the</strong>ir hands. But like anything that is before one’s eyes every day, <strong>the</strong>y may not realise<br />
<strong>the</strong> treasure <strong>the</strong>y are charged with. For example, most villagers have never even seen a<br />
loris. Thus, via conservation classes, workshops in <strong>the</strong> forest, educational materials<br />
including posters, stickers and bags, we have been encouraging young people in <strong>the</strong>se<br />
forest fragments <strong>to</strong> engage with <strong>the</strong>ir wild life. In one target village on a private estate<br />
owned by Mr. Sunil Wimalisuriya, <strong>the</strong> students have already formed an ‘eco-club,’ and<br />
after only two months <strong>of</strong> environmental classes, <strong>the</strong>y are enthusiastically moni<strong>to</strong>ring bird,<br />
bat, lizard and fish populations. The loris is a flagship <strong>to</strong> this project, and <strong>the</strong> local land<br />
owners are beginning <strong>to</strong> regenerate <strong>the</strong>ir land under an NGO we (including colleagues<br />
from University <strong>of</strong> Ruhuna) created called L.O.R.I.S. – land owners regenerating<br />
rainforest in Sri Lanka. They hope <strong>the</strong>ir children will want <strong>to</strong> continue this progressive<br />
project. We think <strong>the</strong>re is a strong hope for this, as evidenced by <strong>the</strong> following<br />
statements <strong>of</strong> two thirteen year old children who participated in our work shop:<br />
‘I came <strong>to</strong> know that I am living in a valuable village at <strong>the</strong> bot<strong>to</strong>m <strong>of</strong> Heycock Mountain<br />
and I feel it is greater than a <strong>to</strong>wn.’<br />
‘Education is very important <strong>to</strong> prevent <strong>the</strong> loss <strong>of</strong> biodiversity in rainforests. We, along<br />
with our friends, will help you with <strong>the</strong> conservation efforts you would wish <strong>to</strong> take<br />
place.’<br />
To me, <strong>the</strong> enthusiasm <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se children attests <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> success <strong>of</strong> this project thus far. It is<br />
amazing that <strong>the</strong> study <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tiniest primate in Sri Lanka could perhaps lead <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
protection <strong>of</strong> some <strong>of</strong> its last vestiges <strong>of</strong> tropical rainforest.<br />
I would like <strong>to</strong> acknowledge <strong>the</strong> invaluable contribution <strong>of</strong> Sri Lankan colleagues <strong>to</strong> this<br />
project: Pr<strong>of</strong>. Asoka Gunawardene, Saman Gamage, Jayantha Jayewardene, Wasantha<br />
Liyanage, Dr. Vijitha Perera, and Sunil Wimalisuriya, as well as Oxford Brookes<br />
postgraduate students Lilia Bernede and Pamela Troni.<br />
Dr. K.A.I. Nekaris, Ph.D.,Course Leader in Primate Conservation (M.Sc.) , Senior<br />
Lecturer in Biological Anthropology, Oxford Brookes University, Nocturnal Primate<br />
Research Group, School <strong>of</strong> Social Science and Law, Department <strong>of</strong> Anthropology,<br />
Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom.<br />
NEW BOOKS<br />
Some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> following details are from <strong>the</strong> publisher's press releases.<br />
Birds <strong>of</strong> Western Ghats, Kokan and Malabar (including Birds <strong>of</strong> Goa). A Book by<br />
Ela Foundation. Authors: Satish Pande, Saleel Tambe, Clement Francis M and Niranjan<br />
252
12/10/2007<br />
Sant. Oxford University Press/BNHS ISBN 019 566878 2. An all art paper, hard bound;<br />
378 pages; 580 species; 1700 plus color pho<strong>to</strong>s; conveniently priced at INR 995.<br />
This book is an excellent updated au<strong>the</strong>ntic representation <strong>of</strong> avifauna <strong>of</strong> one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> major<br />
bio-diversity hotspots <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> world, <strong>the</strong> Western Ghats, a region that covers 580 species.<br />
JC Daniel in <strong>the</strong> Foreword says <strong>the</strong> book is “delightfully innovative”. Pr<strong>of</strong>. Madhav<br />
Gadgil comments “Well designed and magnificently illustrated. The excellent cultural<br />
notes are a bonus”.<br />
Book with contributions from more than 150 pho<strong>to</strong>graphers with more than 1700 pictures<br />
including pelagic birds, contributions from stamp collec<strong>to</strong>rs, coin and currency collec<strong>to</strong>rs,<br />
archeologists and four illustra<strong>to</strong>rs has made it a thing <strong>of</strong> beauty!<br />
Hundreds <strong>of</strong> excellent pho<strong>to</strong>s like: Poster like pho<strong>to</strong> <strong>of</strong> paradise flycatcher on <strong>the</strong> nest (p<br />
281); shrike with impaled food (p 236,37); plain prinia in wood spider’s death web (p<br />
263); babbler, crow, sunbird, tailor bird feeding various cuckoos; eagles in flight; pictures<br />
<strong>of</strong> mating <strong>of</strong> flamingos; partridges in a trap; cock fighting; <strong>the</strong> list is long…x-rays<br />
showing bird injuries; nictitating membrane <strong>of</strong> birds, <strong>the</strong> combed filter like mandible <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> flamingo, <strong>the</strong> specialized beak <strong>of</strong> a shikra, colors <strong>of</strong> eggs, types <strong>of</strong> fea<strong>the</strong>rs, etc.<br />
The superb book is conservation oriented and gives details about various birds accepting<br />
human help and nuisance <strong>of</strong> bird traps. Illustrated examples <strong>of</strong> authors’ conservation<br />
efforts at Vengurla Rocks, a remote marine island <strong>to</strong> save <strong>the</strong> Edible-nest Swiftlets,<br />
rescue <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> stranded Grey Herons, saving and fostering <strong>the</strong> Bonelli’s Eagle’s orphaned<br />
chick and o<strong>the</strong>rs such examples make positive reading and should inspire many more bird<br />
lovers <strong>to</strong>wards active conservation.<br />
The habits, habitats, nesting behavior, flight type, food choice and social organization <strong>of</strong><br />
each bird are symbolically represented with <strong>the</strong> aid <strong>of</strong> specially designed colorful icons<br />
on each page. Conservation status as per <strong>the</strong> red data book listing is stated. Recent<br />
scientific, standardized English, Marathi and Sanskrit names <strong>of</strong> birds are indexed.<br />
Ecological notes and interesting cultural notes are given. Wealth <strong>of</strong> relevant information<br />
about birds is drawn from au<strong>the</strong>ntic Sanskrit texts and Sanskrit names for birds are<br />
mentioned with <strong>the</strong>ir meaning. The latter is a unique attempt. e.g. some surgical forceps<br />
designed by <strong>the</strong> ancient Indian surgeon Sushrut were based on his observations <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
beaks <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Ibis and Florican. There are several such interesting references and<br />
anecdotes.<br />
Information and pho<strong>to</strong>graphs <strong>of</strong> related species (also from neighboring Sri Lanka) and<br />
<strong>the</strong>ir look-likes, goes a long way in increasing birders’ identification skills. A lot <strong>of</strong><br />
effort has gone in this unique presentation. At <strong>the</strong> end, <strong>the</strong>re is comprehensive<br />
information on: His<strong>to</strong>ry <strong>of</strong> ornithology in India, ana<strong>to</strong>my and physiology <strong>of</strong> birds, avian<br />
archeology, ethno-ornithological notes, Important Bird Area Program, bird behavior,<br />
avian geography, updated list <strong>of</strong> threatened birds <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> region and vegetation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
Western Ghats, makes <strong>the</strong> book a useful reference.<br />
253
12/10/2007<br />
Orchids <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka A Conservationists Companion. A Simplified Guide <strong>to</strong><br />
Identification. Volume 1. The protected orchids and selected similar species.<br />
Authored by Malik Fernando, Siril Wijesundera and Suranjan Fernando. Published by<br />
IUCN Sri Lanka. 147 pages with colour pho<strong>to</strong>graphs and illustrations and line drawings.<br />
50 Species are illustrated in and described in a field guide format. ISBN 955 - 8177-23-7<br />
This is a wonderful book BUT copies are not presently available for sale as <strong>the</strong> Guide<br />
was published primarily <strong>to</strong> support law enforcement, and <strong>the</strong> copies have thus been<br />
distributed <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> relevant agencies. However those with an interest in <strong>the</strong> conservation or<br />
<strong>the</strong> study <strong>of</strong> orchids may contact IUCN (Charmalie/Dihan on 94 11 + 2682418/2694094)<br />
or refer <strong>to</strong> a copy in <strong>the</strong> IUCN library (opening times: 9 a.m. - 5 p.m. Monday <strong>to</strong> Friday)<br />
at 53 Hor<strong>to</strong>n Place, Colombo 7. Based on <strong>the</strong> degree <strong>of</strong> public interest, <strong>the</strong>re may <strong>the</strong>n be<br />
a case for a reprint.<br />
Field Guide <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Birds <strong>of</strong> Nor<strong>the</strong>rn India by Richard Grimmett, Tim Inskipp ISBN<br />
0713651679. 304 pages. 216x135 mm. Illustrations 120 colour plates..<br />
The successor <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> much acclaimed Birds <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Indian Subcontinent by <strong>the</strong> same<br />
authors. Covering just nor<strong>the</strong>rn India, <strong>the</strong> superb plates are accompanied by a succinct<br />
text highlighting identification, voice, habitat, altitudinal range, distribution and status.<br />
The text is on facing pages <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> plates, for easy reference. As with previous titles<br />
covering Bhutan and Nepal, this guide is a perfect size for use in <strong>the</strong> field and will be an<br />
essential companion when visiting this region.<br />
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
SRI LANKA WILDLIFE NEWS is a monthly e-mail <strong>of</strong> birding and wildlife events,<br />
sightings and short notes <strong>of</strong> interest <strong>to</strong> birders, pho<strong>to</strong>graphers, conservationists etc. To<br />
receive a copy, please e-mail gehan@jetwing.lk with "Subscribe Wildlife News" in <strong>the</strong><br />
subject header. SLWN values your privacy, <strong>to</strong> be removed, e-mail with “Unsubscribe<br />
Wildlife News” in <strong>the</strong> header. Please e-mail your sightings, events etc <strong>to</strong><br />
gehan@jetwing.lk. The media are welcome <strong>to</strong> extract details, but please attribute <strong>the</strong><br />
source. Past issues are on www.jetwingeco.com<br />
254
12/10/2007<br />
APRIL & MAY 2004<br />
Dear All, Feel free <strong>to</strong> circulate. To contribute or <strong>to</strong> un-subscribe, please see below.<br />
Regards Gehan<br />
255<br />
SRI LANKA WILDLIFE NEWS (April & May 2004)<br />
- a compilation by Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne (15/June/2004)<br />
HIGHLIGHTS<br />
[*] TOP STORY Top birders Deepal Warakagoda, Uditha Hettige, Lester Perera &<br />
Chinthaka de Silva, fly <strong>to</strong> <strong>Jetwing</strong>. See Press Releases<br />
[*] Uditha Wijesena proposes <strong>the</strong> Purple-faced Leaf Monkey as <strong>the</strong> national mammal <strong>of</strong><br />
Sri Lanka (see Articles)<br />
[*] Dragonfly Watching in Yala & Tissa with Karen Coniff and Yala Natural His<strong>to</strong>ry<br />
Report (See Articles)<br />
[*] Nature Pho<strong>to</strong>grapher 2004 with first prize <strong>of</strong> Rs 100,000 (approx. USD 1,000)<br />
closes on 15 July. Applications from FujiFilm outlets, HSBC branches and <strong>Jetwing</strong><br />
Hotels. See Press Releases.<br />
[*] Info-Travel Sri Lanka is a new reference guide with eighteen new style road maps.<br />
See Book Review.<br />
EVENTS SUMMARY<br />
Saturday 26 June, Lecture series on birds for beginners. 9.30 am - 12.00. NBLT,<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Colombo, Colombo 3. Field Ornithology Group <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka (FOGSL)<br />
Lecture Series. Topic and speaker <strong>to</strong> be finalised.<br />
25 - 29 June P.B. Karunaratne Memorial Exhibition & Annual Pho<strong>to</strong>graphic<br />
Competition at University <strong>of</strong> Colombo. Applications from <strong>the</strong> FOGSL <strong>of</strong>fice or send a<br />
stamped envelope <strong>to</strong> FOGSL, University <strong>of</strong> Colombo, Colombo 3.<br />
31 July 2004 Closing date <strong>of</strong> Nature Pho<strong>to</strong>grapher 2004 Competition. Overall first prize<br />
Rs 100,000. Application forms from FujiFilm outlets, HSBC branches and <strong>Jetwing</strong><br />
Hotels.<br />
BIRDING & WILDLIFE NEWS<br />
TOP STORY: Sri Lanka's leading Natural His<strong>to</strong>ry Tour leaders have decided <strong>to</strong> work on<br />
an exclusive basis with <strong>Jetwing</strong> Eco <strong>Holidays</strong> joining <strong>the</strong> team <strong>of</strong> Gehan de Silva<br />
Wijeyeratne. They include Deepal Warakagoda who discovered <strong>the</strong> Serendib Scops<br />
Owl, <strong>the</strong> first new species <strong>of</strong> bird <strong>to</strong> be described from Sri Lanka after a lapse <strong>of</strong> 132<br />
years. All round naturalists and <strong>to</strong>p birders Uditha Hettige, Lester Perera, and
12/10/2007<br />
Chinthaka de Silva are also in <strong>the</strong> team which have joined <strong>Jetwing</strong> Eco <strong>Holidays</strong>. See<br />
Press Releases below for more details.<br />
Uditha Hettige on <strong>to</strong>ur with Australian journalist Veronica Ma<strong>the</strong>son (9-12 June) in<br />
Yala observed two tuskers. They also had a female leopard on Talgasmankada road. They<br />
visited Sinharaja on 12 June and found it very windy. Several trees had fallen down<br />
because <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> strong monsoonal winds. They had two good feeding flocks with Redfaced<br />
Malkoha, Malabar Trogons, White-faced Starlings etc. The flocks were seen during<br />
pauses in <strong>the</strong> rain.<br />
Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne reports from a visit <strong>to</strong> Yala 0n 27 - 29 May with Sanath<br />
Weerasuriya (Sunday Times), Uditha Jayasinghe (Daily Mirror), Ifham Nizam<br />
(Island). He reports "We observed 7-8 Brown-throated Spinetails hawking for insects<br />
over Kota Bendi Wewa. Very close views were had <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> birds which were watched for<br />
around fifteen minutes. This species has been reported before from Yala, <strong>to</strong> which it<br />
seems <strong>to</strong> be an occasional visi<strong>to</strong>r from areas in which it is resident. Two sightings <strong>of</strong><br />
Sirkeer Malkoha on <strong>the</strong> main road as well as on Talgasmankada Road. No passerine<br />
migrants were recorded on this visit.<br />
On Sunday 30 May, a dead, male leopard was collected for veterinary examination by<br />
Warden Tissera. It is believed <strong>to</strong> have died in an encounter with ano<strong>the</strong>r Leopard".<br />
On 22 May, Sunela Jayawardene observed a rap<strong>to</strong>r <strong>the</strong> size <strong>of</strong> a Changeable Hawk<br />
Eagle in Buller's Road in Colombo 7. There were near cyclonic winds a few days ago,<br />
which may resulted in this unidentified large rap<strong>to</strong>r being blown in.<br />
Nimal Rambukwelle says "On a visit <strong>to</strong> Wilpattu National Park on <strong>the</strong> 18th <strong>of</strong> May,<br />
during <strong>the</strong> late morning we saw many Jungle Fowl, a pair <strong>of</strong> Jackals, a Barking Deer, a<br />
Mouse Deer, a pair <strong>of</strong> crocodiles close <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Villu's and many Serpent Eagles perched at<br />
eye level. We also we saw a pair <strong>of</strong> Adjutants and Wild Pig at Aram Villu. Although we<br />
did not see any Leopards or Elephants we did see <strong>the</strong>ir track marks and Elephant dung in<br />
<strong>the</strong> open plains.<br />
Lankika de Livera sends <strong>the</strong>se sightings between <strong>the</strong> 10 & 12th April. "Orangebreasted<br />
Green Pigeon (Male and Female), Malabar Pied Hornbills and Grey Hornbills -<br />
while trekking through <strong>the</strong> Giritale jungle and village area. A herd <strong>of</strong> about 90 Elephants<br />
with about 20 babies at <strong>the</strong> Kaudulla National Park near <strong>the</strong> environs <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Kaudulla<br />
tank at dusk. Also Grey-headed Fish Eagles and Crested Serpent Eagles in Polonnaruwa".<br />
Nadeera Jayasinghe was in Kumana Yala East) on 4 May 2004 and reports several<br />
sightings <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Brown Fish Owl. Romesh Meegama who was with <strong>the</strong> group had found<br />
<strong>the</strong> angling prospects good. He had caught 65 baby Paraw at Komari. All this by<br />
standing on <strong>the</strong> beach and casting. They were everywhere, but he had s<strong>to</strong>pped at 65<br />
because <strong>the</strong> nearby villagers were anxious <strong>to</strong> catch <strong>the</strong> fish as well.<br />
256
12/10/2007<br />
Rev. Fr. Vimal Tirimanna on a short visit <strong>to</strong> Kala Oya reports "On a visit <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Kala<br />
Oya Church, Kala Oya during Easter (8-11April 2004), I was able <strong>to</strong> see many<br />
commmonly found dry-zone birds in <strong>the</strong> vicinity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Church. However what fascinated<br />
me <strong>the</strong> most were <strong>the</strong> following two species. Firstly, a female Orange-headed Ground<br />
Thrush. I was taking a walk along <strong>the</strong> Kala-Oya bank, just next <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Church, around 4<br />
pm. Suddenly, I was attracted by <strong>the</strong> alarm call <strong>of</strong> a bird: "Kreeee"; when I turned <strong>to</strong> my<br />
left, I saw on <strong>the</strong> ground a babbler-like bird with an upright stance, staying motionless,<br />
but every now and <strong>the</strong>n, giving out <strong>the</strong> alarm call: "kreeee". It was overall cinnamonbrownish,<br />
with a clear orange head. The wings were olive-brown. A couple <strong>of</strong> minutes<br />
later, it flew over my head <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r side <strong>to</strong> hide inside <strong>the</strong> scrub jungle. I had no<br />
difficulty in identifying it as a female Orange-headed Ground Thrush. Secondly, an<br />
Indian Cuckoo kept moving about in <strong>the</strong> Church vicinity giving out its most melodious<br />
call. On almost all <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> three days, it was seen and heard only in <strong>the</strong> morning.<br />
Alan Wood who travelled in February 2004 sends in <strong>the</strong> following comments on<br />
Wasgamuwa. "One way <strong>to</strong> help Wasgamuwa, Wilpattu and <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r 'hidden treasures' <strong>of</strong><br />
Sri Lanka is <strong>to</strong> encourage visi<strong>to</strong>rs <strong>to</strong> go <strong>the</strong>re. Wasgomuwa naturally combines with a<br />
visit <strong>to</strong> Polonnaruwa as Wilpattu combines with Anuradhapura.<br />
There is a 20% year on year increase in wildlife <strong>to</strong>urism from UK, and Sri Lanka is<br />
becoming one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> main destinations. Yet no UK company <strong>of</strong>fers Wilpattu, let alone<br />
Wasgomuwa. We went <strong>to</strong> Wilpattu with <strong>Jetwing</strong> Eco <strong>Holidays</strong> and found it <strong>to</strong> be a<br />
delightful reserve in <strong>the</strong> early stages <strong>of</strong> res<strong>to</strong>ration after <strong>the</strong> ravages <strong>of</strong> war and poachers<br />
Experienced wildlife travellers prefer <strong>to</strong> explore new and less popular places so <strong>the</strong>y can<br />
get <strong>the</strong> best experience possible. However, <strong>the</strong>se places need <strong>to</strong> be promoted by those<br />
with local knowledge".<br />
PRESS RELEASES<br />
Top Birders fly <strong>to</strong> <strong>Jetwing</strong> Eco <strong>Holidays</strong><br />
Sri Lanka's leading Natural His<strong>to</strong>ry Tour leaders have decided <strong>to</strong> work on an exclusive<br />
basis with <strong>Jetwing</strong> Eco <strong>Holidays</strong> joining <strong>the</strong> team <strong>of</strong> Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne. They<br />
include Deepal Warakagoda who discovered <strong>the</strong> Serendib Scops Owl, <strong>the</strong> first new<br />
species <strong>of</strong> bird <strong>to</strong> be described from Sri Lanka after a lapse <strong>of</strong> 132 years. All round<br />
naturalists and <strong>to</strong>p birders Uditha Hettige, Lester Perera, and Chinthaka de Silva are<br />
also in <strong>the</strong> team which have joined <strong>Jetwing</strong> Eco <strong>Holidays</strong>. Lester Perera is also one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
country's best known wildlife artists.<br />
Meanwhile, <strong>Jetwing</strong> Hotels have s<strong>to</strong>pped up <strong>the</strong>ir campaign <strong>to</strong> recruit Naturalists for <strong>the</strong>ir<br />
hotels. They now have 12 full time naturalists with a target <strong>of</strong> 15 by <strong>the</strong> year end. The<br />
<strong>Jetwing</strong> family <strong>of</strong> companies now have a depth <strong>of</strong> skills and a number <strong>of</strong> naturalists,<br />
naturalist <strong>to</strong>ur leaders and naturalist chauffeur guides which has no rival in Sri Lanka.<br />
<strong>Jetwing</strong> spend a significant amount <strong>of</strong> time and money promoting research, conservation<br />
and education in Sri Lanka. Its high pr<strong>of</strong>ile matches that <strong>of</strong> some conservation NGOs.<br />
Chandrika Maelge (Team Leader, <strong>Jetwing</strong> Eco <strong>Holidays</strong>) believes that o<strong>the</strong>r <strong>to</strong>ur leaders<br />
257
12/10/2007<br />
who wish <strong>to</strong> make a name in wildlife <strong>to</strong>urism, will also cross over <strong>to</strong> <strong>Jetwing</strong>, within <strong>the</strong><br />
next year.<br />
Nature Pho<strong>to</strong>graphers chase Rs 100,000 first prize<br />
Time is running out for pho<strong>to</strong>graphers chasing <strong>the</strong> coveted Nature Pho<strong>to</strong>grapher 2004<br />
award, which carries a first prize <strong>of</strong> Rs 100,000. Entries should be received by 15 July<br />
2004 at Fuji Film Image Service, 501 Union Place, Colombo 10. Entry is by <strong>the</strong><br />
submission <strong>of</strong> prints in each <strong>of</strong> five categories for Mammals, Birds, O<strong>the</strong>r Animals, Plant<br />
Life and Landscapes. The winning entries will be exhibited in December, at a venue in<br />
Colombo.<br />
The panel <strong>of</strong> judges includes Lal Anthonis, Sarath Perera, Rukshan Jayawardene,<br />
Panduka de Silva, Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne, Dominic Sansoni, Cecilia McGuire and<br />
Dr. Sriyanie Miththapala. The breadth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> panel <strong>of</strong> judges, reflect <strong>the</strong> ambitions <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
lead sponsors Fuji Film, HSBC and <strong>Jetwing</strong> <strong>to</strong> develop <strong>the</strong> reputation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> competition<br />
as an art event, albeit in wildlife pho<strong>to</strong>graphy. According <strong>to</strong> Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne,<br />
Chairperson <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> competition, <strong>the</strong> judges will be looking for images with visual impact<br />
or images that tell a s<strong>to</strong>ry.<br />
Media coverage this year has been bolstered by participation from ETV, YATV, Yes FM,<br />
Classic FM Lankadeepa, Serendipity and Explore Sri Lanka.<br />
ARTICLES/TRIP REPORTS<br />
Dragonflies <strong>of</strong> Yala and Tissamaharama<br />
- Karen Conniff<br />
The rain brings out <strong>the</strong> best in Yala. On a recent visit in May, and after a few rain<br />
showers, I discovered that <strong>the</strong> rain kept <strong>the</strong> dust down, leaves were a brighter green and<br />
overnight it seemed that blossoms appeared on <strong>the</strong> branches <strong>of</strong> trees and shrubs. The<br />
fruits that had formed from a previous rain had brought in a multitude <strong>of</strong> birds and<br />
butterflies. Not quite as obvious as <strong>the</strong> numbers <strong>of</strong> birds and butterflies were <strong>the</strong><br />
appearance <strong>of</strong> many dragonflies that moved from one rain recharged pond <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> next.<br />
I was on a <strong>to</strong>ur <strong>of</strong> Yala with Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne and several journalists. We all<br />
hoped <strong>to</strong> see a leopard, but while searching for leopards our binoculars were also turned<br />
<strong>to</strong>ward o<strong>the</strong>r mammals, birds, and crocodiles. I also used mine <strong>to</strong> discover <strong>the</strong> variety <strong>of</strong><br />
dragonflies that were dipping and darting over <strong>the</strong> surface <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ponds in Yala. Branches<br />
and sticks that poke up from <strong>the</strong> surface <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> water are ideal perches for dragonflies.<br />
When we s<strong>to</strong>pped by a pond <strong>to</strong> look at birds or crocodiles I quickly scanned <strong>the</strong> pond for<br />
stumps and broken sticks hoping <strong>to</strong> see dragonflies. The challenge <strong>of</strong> spotting and<br />
identifying dragonflies is as satisfying as adding <strong>to</strong> my list <strong>of</strong> birds.<br />
What types <strong>of</strong> dragonflies can you see at Yala? The dragonfly that was easiest <strong>to</strong> find was<br />
a noticeable yellow and brown one that kept zooming across <strong>the</strong> front window screen <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> vehicle. This was <strong>the</strong> Globe Skimmer (Pantala falavescens). On those sticks in <strong>the</strong><br />
258
12/10/2007<br />
ponds I was able <strong>to</strong> see Orange-winged Groundlings (Brachy<strong>the</strong>mis contaminata); <strong>the</strong>y<br />
were immediately obvious because <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir bright orange wings. A quick list <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
sightings I made include Little Blue Darters (Diplacodes trivialis), Sombre Skimmers<br />
(Or<strong>the</strong>trum sabina), <strong>the</strong> bright red Eastern Scarlet Darters (Croco<strong>the</strong>mis servilia), and<br />
faded blue Brown-banded Skimmers (Or<strong>the</strong>trum glaucum). I saw more but <strong>the</strong>re was not<br />
enough time <strong>to</strong> s<strong>to</strong>p and determine each type.<br />
It was difficult <strong>to</strong> view dragonflies from <strong>the</strong> vehicle. Luckily we s<strong>to</strong>pped briefly for a<br />
quick bite <strong>to</strong> eat in <strong>the</strong> park near a river and a small pond. I <strong>to</strong>ok a stroll along <strong>the</strong> edge <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> pond and found a few <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> smaller more delicate damselflies (Zygopterans), moving<br />
almost imperceptibly amongst <strong>the</strong> grass. Along <strong>the</strong> edge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> pond were Ubiqui<strong>to</strong>us<br />
Bluetails (Ischnura sengalensis) and Orange-headed Sprites (Pseudagrion rubiceps<br />
ceylonicum). On <strong>the</strong> river in partial shade along <strong>the</strong> banks we saw <strong>the</strong> beautiful purplish<br />
pink Dawn Dropwing (Tri<strong>the</strong>mis aurora) and a close relative <strong>the</strong> Indigo Dropwing<br />
(Tri<strong>the</strong>mis festiva). There are more <strong>to</strong> discover but it takes more time than just a quick<br />
s<strong>to</strong>p. Once <strong>the</strong> snack was finished our group was ready <strong>to</strong> continue our drive because<br />
everyone was still hoping <strong>to</strong> spot a leopard.<br />
The guides at Yala Safari Game Lodge were eager <strong>to</strong> learn more about dragonflies so I<br />
was happy <strong>to</strong> go with <strong>the</strong>m on a special dragonfly mission. We were limited for time, so<br />
early one morning we made a quick trip <strong>to</strong> Tissamaharama just outside Yala where <strong>the</strong>re<br />
is a lovely tank called Devera Wewa. Here <strong>the</strong> birds were as fascinating as <strong>the</strong><br />
dragonflies and damselflies. Since we purposely went <strong>to</strong> spot dragonflies we had <strong>to</strong><br />
ignore <strong>the</strong> birds and were able <strong>to</strong> see a dozen species <strong>of</strong> dragonflies and damselflies in<br />
less than an hour. That morning <strong>the</strong> wea<strong>the</strong>r was not ideal for dragonfly watching; cloudy<br />
and with a light drizzle, but still <strong>the</strong>re were many <strong>to</strong> see. The first <strong>to</strong> be spotted were <strong>the</strong><br />
bright yellow slow moving Yellow Damselflies (Ceriagrion coromandelianum) both<br />
males and females were present and many were seen in tandem and copulating. Since <strong>the</strong><br />
females have a slightly different coloration finding <strong>the</strong>m in tandem is <strong>the</strong> best way <strong>to</strong><br />
identify both males and females <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> species. Ubiqui<strong>to</strong>us Bluetails (Ischnura<br />
senegalensis) were present on <strong>the</strong> lotus stems in sticking up in <strong>the</strong> tank.<br />
There were many cut lotus stems on <strong>the</strong> tank; ideal perches and best for spotting<br />
dragonflies. A short distance from <strong>the</strong> edge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tank a Dancing Dropwing (Tri<strong>the</strong>mis<br />
pallidinervis) was perched on a lotus stem beside it on ano<strong>the</strong>r stem was a bright red<br />
Eastern Scarlet Darter (Croco<strong>the</strong>mis servilia); both male and female Eastern Scarlet<br />
Darters were present in large numbers. Ano<strong>the</strong>r numerous species was <strong>the</strong> Asian Pintail<br />
(Acisoma panorpoides) both <strong>the</strong> blue males and yellow females were spotted along <strong>the</strong><br />
edge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tank. As we quickly walked <strong>the</strong> tank edge we saw a Sombre Skimmer<br />
(Or<strong>the</strong>trum sabina), Brown-banded Skimmer (Or<strong>the</strong>trum glaucum), Black Velvet-wings<br />
(Neuro<strong>the</strong>mis tulia) males, a juvenile male and females, Variable Gliders (Rhyo<strong>the</strong>mis<br />
variegata) males and females, Spine-legged Reedling (Rhodo<strong>the</strong>mis rufa), Orangewinged<br />
Groundling (Brachy<strong>the</strong>mis contaminata), and Little Blue Darters (Diplacodes<br />
trivialis) males and females. That is quite a list for just one hour <strong>of</strong> observation and it is<br />
definitely not complete since <strong>the</strong> wea<strong>the</strong>r was overcast <strong>the</strong>re are surely many more that<br />
can be identified on a sunny morning. The advantages <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tank over <strong>the</strong> park are that<br />
259
12/10/2007<br />
we could get close <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> edges <strong>to</strong> spot damselflies, walk at leisure and take time <strong>to</strong><br />
identify both dragonflies and damselflies. I recommend taking a day <strong>of</strong>f from <strong>the</strong> game<br />
drives and visiting Debera Wewa – it is definitely worthwhile and a good way <strong>to</strong> begin <strong>to</strong><br />
learn about dragonflies.<br />
How do you identify all <strong>the</strong>se dragonflies and damselflies? The best is a pic<strong>to</strong>rial guide<br />
called Dragonflies <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka published by <strong>Jetwing</strong>. It is not a complete pic<strong>to</strong>rial guide<br />
<strong>of</strong> all that you might see in Sri Lanka but for places like <strong>the</strong> tank at Tissmaharama and<br />
Yala National Park it is <strong>the</strong> best you can have for a quick reference. It is easy <strong>to</strong> carry and<br />
<strong>the</strong> pho<strong>to</strong>graphs give enough details <strong>to</strong> identify <strong>the</strong> dragonflies and damselflies,<br />
especially if you are careful <strong>to</strong> consider every detail from <strong>the</strong> eyes <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> tip <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
abdomen. There is ano<strong>the</strong>r book, for <strong>the</strong> avid odono<strong>to</strong>logist (dragonfly specialist), The<br />
Dragonflies <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka by Terrence de Fonseka available at many books<strong>to</strong>res. The<br />
pic<strong>to</strong>rial guide is found at <strong>Jetwing</strong> Hotels and in several books<strong>to</strong>res in Colombo. Take <strong>the</strong><br />
time <strong>to</strong> zoom in on dragonflies; and discover a new world.<br />
Visit <strong>to</strong> Sinharaja (17th –18th April)<br />
- Ayanthi Samarajewa.<br />
On <strong>the</strong> 17th <strong>of</strong> April, Rohantha Samarajewa, Madhubashini Jayawardena, Yuraji<br />
Karunarathne and myself visited Sinharaja. We reached Sinharaja at about 11.00am. It<br />
was so nice <strong>to</strong> be here again. The walk up <strong>to</strong> Martin’s is always so nice, one never feels<br />
<strong>the</strong> climb. We saw a Brown Shrike on <strong>the</strong> way up and a group <strong>of</strong> Yellow-browed<br />
Bulbuls. The areas where landslides had occurred, have now been taken over by <strong>the</strong><br />
jungle, and <strong>the</strong>refore it does not look as bad as it did last August when I went <strong>the</strong>re with<br />
FOGSL.<br />
It had been a busy week for <strong>the</strong> forest with many visi<strong>to</strong>rs during <strong>the</strong> Sinhala New Year<br />
period. We had some difficulty in finding accommodation, as Martin’s was full. However<br />
we managed <strong>to</strong> park ourselves in a villager’s house. It was a very bright and sunny day<br />
but we did not see any large flocks. Never<strong>the</strong>less, we had <strong>the</strong> opportunity <strong>of</strong> observing<br />
Orange-billed Babblers, Crested Drongo, Black-capped Bulbuls, Green Imperial Pigeons,<br />
Emerald Dove, Dark-fronted Babblers, Sri Lanka Yellow fronted Barbet, Sri Lanka<br />
Hanging Parrots, Layard’s Parakeets, Sri Lankan Jungle Fowl, Sri Lankan Myna and a<br />
single Sri Lanka Blue Magpie for a long time. The Blue Magpie was very close <strong>to</strong> us and<br />
when we tried <strong>to</strong> leave, it just kept coming closer <strong>to</strong> us. It seemed <strong>to</strong> be looking for food<br />
and was not bo<strong>the</strong>red with our presence.<br />
There was rain throughout <strong>the</strong> first night and till about 10.30am <strong>the</strong> next day. Early<br />
morning we saw a Spot-winged Thrush. When we had almost given up hope <strong>of</strong> seeing a<br />
good flock and were on are way back from <strong>the</strong> research station <strong>to</strong> pack up and head back<br />
home, we came across a large feeding flock. We did not hear <strong>the</strong>m till we came very<br />
close.<br />
260
12/10/2007<br />
It consisted <strong>of</strong> many Orange-billed Babblers, Ashy-headed Laughing Thrush, Crested<br />
Drongo, Scimitar Babbler, White-bellied Drongos, three Red faced Malkohas (one was<br />
seen sunbathing with all its wings and tail spread out on a branch and ano<strong>the</strong>r came and<br />
rested on a creeper very close <strong>to</strong> us giving us a very good view. Even <strong>the</strong> guide got<br />
excited for that one!), Lesser Yellow-napes, Greater Flameback, Velvet-fronted<br />
Nuthatches, Legge’s Flower peckers, Sri Lanka White-eyes and many Paradise<br />
Flycatchers. A rap<strong>to</strong>r was circling above and last but not least, three White-faced<br />
starlings (first time for me) gave us a clear view <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m as <strong>the</strong>y went about feeding.<br />
It was so easy <strong>to</strong> see <strong>the</strong>se birds so well because <strong>the</strong>y were near a place where a landslide<br />
had occurred. These places give a good view as it exposes <strong>the</strong> inside <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> forest. The<br />
flock was going <strong>to</strong> cross <strong>the</strong> road, but for our bad luck, a group <strong>of</strong> people came by talking<br />
very loudly, complaining about <strong>the</strong> leeches. We tried <strong>to</strong> tell <strong>the</strong>m <strong>the</strong>re was a flock <strong>of</strong><br />
birds nearby <strong>the</strong>refore <strong>to</strong> stay quite, but it did not work, and <strong>the</strong> flock went back in <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
forest We were so happy <strong>to</strong> have come across it. We even saw a very beautiful Green Pit<br />
Viper just by <strong>the</strong> side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> road. We also spotted a Brown Shrike. It had a very gray<br />
head and nape, <strong>the</strong>refore I am not sure if it was a Philippine Shrike. Even our guide<br />
Ranjith was not sure.<br />
When coming back <strong>to</strong> Kudawa, we <strong>to</strong>ok <strong>the</strong> long route (<strong>the</strong> one that vehicles take) and<br />
saw a rap<strong>to</strong>r that we could not identify, a nesting pair <strong>of</strong> Black Bulbuls and a few<br />
Pompadour Green Pigeons. Just when we were near <strong>the</strong> bridge in Kudawa near a<br />
mountain on <strong>the</strong> right, we saw two Black Eagles flying above <strong>the</strong> trees. They were<br />
holding on <strong>to</strong> some kind <strong>of</strong> nesting material with <strong>the</strong>ir claws. That was <strong>the</strong> icing on <strong>the</strong><br />
cake as far as our birding trip was concerned.<br />
It was sad <strong>to</strong> see so many people coming <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> forest and not knowing what <strong>to</strong> look for.<br />
They were wondering aimlessly, constantly complaining that <strong>the</strong>re was nothing <strong>to</strong> see<br />
and about <strong>the</strong> leeches. Some even <strong>to</strong>ld us that this is not a good place <strong>to</strong> see birds and<br />
that we should go somewhere else. How unfortunate for <strong>the</strong>m!<br />
Natural His<strong>to</strong>ry Report from Yala Safari Game Lodge for <strong>the</strong> Month <strong>of</strong> April 2004<br />
Naturalists <strong>of</strong> Yala Safari Game Lodge, Chandra Jayawardena and Nadeera Weerasinghe<br />
have made <strong>the</strong> following observations during <strong>the</strong> month <strong>of</strong> April 2004.<br />
Large mammals<br />
Leopards<br />
19 encounters involving 20 leopards, on 13 days. These sightings were confined <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
Sou<strong>the</strong>rn and South-eastern sec<strong>to</strong>rs and along <strong>the</strong> main road <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> park.<br />
Bears<br />
8 encounters involving 11 bears in 6 days. These sightings were mainly distributed in <strong>the</strong><br />
sou<strong>the</strong>rn quarter <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> park.<br />
261
12/10/2007<br />
Tuskers<br />
13 encounters involving 13 tuskers in 11 days. These sightings were evenly distributed<br />
through out <strong>the</strong> park<br />
These sighting numbers, include multiple sightings <strong>of</strong> individual animals, as well.<br />
Birds<br />
The diversity <strong>of</strong> migra<strong>to</strong>ry bird species recorded seemed <strong>to</strong> have decreased <strong>to</strong> 35 species,<br />
when compared with <strong>the</strong> 41 species recorded in March 2004. There was a marked<br />
reduction in numbers than that was observed in March.<br />
Flora<br />
During <strong>the</strong> month <strong>of</strong> April, a <strong>to</strong>tal number <strong>of</strong> 59 plant species that were identified <strong>of</strong><br />
which, 24 species were observed in flowering, 13 species in fruiting and 22 species in<br />
both flowering and fruiting were observed.<br />
Wea<strong>the</strong>r<br />
Generally dry wea<strong>the</strong>r prevailed through out <strong>the</strong> month, but however <strong>the</strong> area<br />
experienced a few scattered showers.<br />
How many Primates are <strong>the</strong>re in Sri Lanka?<br />
- Uditha Wijesena<br />
Field guides written for birds outnumber those written for Mammals. Sri Lanka lacks a<br />
mammalian guide. The last complete work probably is W W A Phillips Manual <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
Mammals <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka in three volumes. But this is not a field guide as such.<br />
Vivek Menon has done a wonderful book A Field Guide <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Indian Mammals. The<br />
book is a bit expensive, but I felt compelled <strong>to</strong> buy it. Having purchased my copy, <strong>the</strong><br />
next task was <strong>to</strong> mark out those that occur in Sri Lanka. This was no easy task without a<br />
biologist's assistance. India has fifteen (15) primates while Sri Lanka has only four (4).<br />
Of this four, only two occur in India. They are <strong>the</strong> Slender Loris (Loris tardigradus) and<br />
<strong>the</strong> Hanuman Langur or Grey Langur (Semnopi<strong>the</strong>cus entellus). The o<strong>the</strong>r two are<br />
endemic <strong>to</strong> Sri Lanka, <strong>the</strong> Toque Monkey (Macaca sinica) <strong>the</strong> Rilawa and <strong>the</strong> Purplefaced<br />
Leaf Monkey (Semnopi<strong>the</strong>cus vetuls) or Elli Wandura.<br />
I'm sure many would not have known that <strong>the</strong> ordinary Rilawa and <strong>the</strong> Elli wandura that<br />
exploits <strong>the</strong> mango and banana trees in <strong>the</strong>ir garden are found only in Sri Lanka. Let us<br />
see if we have done justice <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>m.<br />
The Slender Loris is nocturnal and we know very little about it. The Hanuman Langur is<br />
widely distributed in <strong>the</strong> dry zone and still could be found in fairly plentiful numbers.<br />
They occur in all dry zone districts where many <strong>of</strong> our National parks are located. Its<br />
food consists <strong>of</strong> fruits, flowers, leaves and grain. During <strong>the</strong> dry parched seasons, one<br />
could find <strong>the</strong>m seated among <strong>the</strong> men and women in dried up tank beds eating lotus<br />
262
12/10/2007<br />
seeds while <strong>the</strong> latter digs for lotus roots and legumes. Men seem <strong>to</strong> co-exist with this<br />
species in <strong>the</strong> dry zone unlike its counter part <strong>the</strong> Toque Monkey.<br />
The Torque Monkey endemic <strong>to</strong> Sri Lanka and is widely distributed in <strong>the</strong> whole country<br />
and has a very unique ability <strong>to</strong> adapt <strong>to</strong> changing habitat conditions. Being omnivorous<br />
it is said that <strong>the</strong>y predate even birds. Recently, <strong>the</strong>y have turned out <strong>to</strong> be scavengers in<br />
most temple areas where people have got in <strong>the</strong> habit <strong>of</strong> feeding <strong>the</strong>m. A prolific breeder<br />
<strong>the</strong> numbers have gone <strong>to</strong> in<strong>to</strong>lerable levels and is now considered an agricultural pest,<br />
resulting it being poisoned by <strong>the</strong> dry zone peasant. However even with <strong>the</strong>se grave<br />
conditions <strong>the</strong>ir numbers don t seem <strong>to</strong> ring alarm bells <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> conservationists.<br />
The Purple faced Leaf Monkey endemic <strong>to</strong> Sri Lanka is confined <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> wet zone with its<br />
sub species <strong>the</strong> Bear Monkey in <strong>the</strong> hill country. This is <strong>the</strong> troubled monkey which<br />
happens <strong>to</strong> be competing with man for its habitat. Thirty years ago it was a common<br />
occurrence in <strong>the</strong> sub urban Colombo and in <strong>the</strong> wet zone villages. It was very common<br />
<strong>the</strong>n <strong>to</strong> find <strong>the</strong>m raiding home gardens in <strong>the</strong> fruiting season. Unlike <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r monkey<br />
species in Sri Lanka this species is very selective in it s diet. Thus <strong>the</strong> rapid urbanization<br />
has taken a <strong>to</strong>ll on <strong>the</strong> numbers <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se monkeys. The lower numbers in <strong>the</strong> troops has<br />
even resulted in <strong>the</strong> behaviour <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> dominant male killing <strong>the</strong> young males <strong>to</strong> maintain<br />
harems. It's a pity that we in our social development seem <strong>to</strong> have pushed this species in<br />
<strong>to</strong> extinction. It is now found mainly in <strong>the</strong> remaining rainforests in <strong>the</strong> wet zone. So next<br />
time you visit Sinharaja, if you hear <strong>the</strong> Purple-faced Leaf Monkey, look for it, for it may<br />
be <strong>the</strong> last time you might see it.<br />
That apparently is <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> primates in Sri Lanka. There happens <strong>to</strong> one more. The<br />
Homo sapiens. Primates are adept at building shelters for <strong>the</strong> sole purpose <strong>of</strong> rearing<br />
<strong>the</strong>ir young. Do we build <strong>the</strong>m <strong>to</strong> bringing up <strong>the</strong> young, or as a status symbol? The<br />
result, <strong>the</strong> greatest conservation threat HABITAT LOSS. It is time that those who drive<br />
around in <strong>the</strong>ir limousines with an Elephant saying Extinct is Forever stick <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> back <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong>ir windshield, that <strong>the</strong> Purple faced Leaf Monkey has been pushed <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> brink <strong>of</strong><br />
extinction in <strong>the</strong> name <strong>of</strong> development.<br />
How strange Sri Lanka has a national flower Nil Manel (Nymphaea stellata) a national<br />
tree Na (Messua ferrea) and a national bird <strong>the</strong> Sri Lanka Jungle fowl (Gallus lafayetii).<br />
Why not a national mammal endemic <strong>to</strong> Sri Lanka ? Can I propose <strong>the</strong> Purple faced Leaf<br />
Monkey as <strong>the</strong> national mammal endemic <strong>to</strong> Sri Lanka?<br />
NEW BOOKS<br />
Some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> following details are from <strong>the</strong> publisher's press releases.<br />
Orchids <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka A Conservationists Companion. A Simplified Guide <strong>to</strong><br />
Identification. Volume 1. The protected orchids and selected similar species.<br />
Authored by Malik Fernando, Siril Wijesundera and Suranjan Fernando. Published by<br />
IUCN Sri Lanka. 147 pages with colour pho<strong>to</strong>graphs and illustrations and line drawings.<br />
50 Species are illustrated in and described in a field guide format. ISBN 955 - 8177-23-7<br />
263
12/10/2007<br />
This is a wonderful book BUT copies are not presently available for sale as <strong>the</strong> Guide<br />
was published primarily <strong>to</strong> support law enforcement, and <strong>the</strong> copies have thus been<br />
distributed <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> relevant agencies. However those with an interest in <strong>the</strong> conservation or<br />
<strong>the</strong> study <strong>of</strong> orchids may contact IUCN (Charmalie/Dihan on 94 11 + 2682418/2694094)<br />
or refer <strong>to</strong> a copy in <strong>the</strong> IUCN library (opening times: 9 a.m. - 5 p.m. Monday <strong>to</strong> Friday)<br />
at 53 Hor<strong>to</strong>n Place, Colombo 7. Based on <strong>the</strong> degree <strong>of</strong> public interest, <strong>the</strong>re may <strong>the</strong>n be<br />
a case for a reprint.<br />
Field Guide <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Birds <strong>of</strong> Nor<strong>the</strong>rn India by Richard Grimmett, Tim Inskipp ISBN<br />
0713651679. 304 pages. 216x135 mm. Illustrations 120 colour plates..<br />
The successor <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> much acclaimed Birds <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Indian Subcontinent by <strong>the</strong> same<br />
authors. Covering just nor<strong>the</strong>rn India, <strong>the</strong> superb plates are accompanied by a succinct<br />
text highlighting identification, voice, habitat, altitudinal range, distribution and status.<br />
The text is on facing pages <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> plates, for easy reference. As with previous titles<br />
covering Bhutan and Nepal, this guide is a perfect size for use in <strong>the</strong> field and will be an<br />
essential companion when visiting this region.<br />
<strong>Jetwing</strong> Pho<strong>to</strong>graphic Guides for Dragonflies and Butterflies<br />
These booklets precede work underway on a larger book which will combine birds,<br />
butterflies and dragonflies. The format <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> booklets is <strong>to</strong> depict a selection <strong>of</strong> species<br />
<strong>to</strong> facilitate easy reference and identification in <strong>the</strong> field. The booklet on Dragonflies is<br />
an important publication as it represents <strong>the</strong> first step, <strong>to</strong> produce a guide for field work.<br />
It has 88 images representing 65 species. Dragonflies and Damselflies are not easy <strong>to</strong><br />
identify in <strong>the</strong> field and a fuller book will be published in due course which has<br />
accompanying text. The butterfly booklet has 63 images depicting 62 species. They will<br />
be available at leading bookshops with an expected retail price <strong>of</strong> around Rs 100.<br />
The two booklets are produced by Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne who has drawn on <strong>the</strong><br />
technical expertise <strong>of</strong> Michael and Nancy van der Poorten on <strong>the</strong> butterflies and Matjaz<br />
Bedjanic and Karen Coniff on <strong>the</strong> Dragonflies. The pho<strong>to</strong>graphy has been undertaken<br />
principally by Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne for <strong>the</strong> butterflies and shared with Matjaz<br />
Bedjanic for <strong>the</strong> Dragonflies. Bedjanic is a researcher with <strong>the</strong> Slovenian Institute <strong>of</strong><br />
Conservation and <strong>the</strong> van der Poorten's are resident in Canada.<br />
The Butterfly and <strong>the</strong> Dragonfly booklet were re-printed in February 2004.<br />
BOOK REVIEW<br />
Info-Travel Sri Lanka - compiled and written by Dinesh Kulatunga with special<br />
contributions from SU Lanka Prasada, Asif Hussein and Tyrone Graham. Published by<br />
Neptune Publications, Colombo. 2004. pages 208, plus maps.<br />
Review by D C Ranatunga<br />
264
12/10/2007<br />
Sri Lanka was <strong>the</strong> setting – Mihintale being <strong>the</strong> site – <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> world's first recorded<br />
wildlife and nature preserve, established by King Devanampiyatissa, a convert <strong>to</strong><br />
conservationism preceded only by Noah in <strong>the</strong> annals <strong>of</strong> mankind: deeply influenced as<br />
he was by <strong>the</strong> inspirational message <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Buddha imparted <strong>to</strong> him by Arahat Mahinda.<br />
Fur<strong>the</strong>r evidence <strong>of</strong> this deep-rooted concern for wildlife and <strong>the</strong> commitment <strong>to</strong><br />
conservation is found in an inscription engraved on a s<strong>to</strong>ne slab at Anuradhapura's<br />
majestic millennia-old Ruwanveli dagoba, attributed <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> 12th Century king Kirthi<br />
Nissanka Malla <strong>of</strong> Polonnaruwa, forbidding <strong>the</strong> capture, killing or commercial trafficking<br />
<strong>of</strong> any animals, birds and fish within a radius <strong>of</strong> 7 gau from <strong>the</strong> city. References <strong>to</strong> royal<br />
protection and preservation <strong>of</strong> wildlife are extant throughout <strong>the</strong> Mahavamsa and this<br />
traditional care and concern for creatures <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> wild continues <strong>to</strong> this day.<br />
This is <strong>the</strong> introduc<strong>to</strong>ry paragraph on <strong>the</strong> National Parks in Sri Lanka in <strong>the</strong> newly<br />
published travel guide Info-Travel Sri Lanka – a Neptune Publication compiled and<br />
written by Dinesh Kulatunga, just released. Glancing through <strong>the</strong> 200 odd pages, I found<br />
<strong>the</strong> publication extremely interesting, educating and easy <strong>to</strong> follow.<br />
With travel becoming popular with every passing day - now that we have peace in <strong>the</strong><br />
country, comfortable vehicle options and a better developed network <strong>of</strong> roads - Info-<br />
Travel Sri Lanka becomes a useful guide <strong>to</strong> carry since it provides a wealth <strong>of</strong><br />
information which is <strong>of</strong> immense value <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> traveller. The Publisher's Note mentions<br />
that Info-Travel was intended as a definitive guide, <strong>of</strong>fering valuable and user-friendly<br />
information. It certainly does. The team which travelled <strong>the</strong> length and breadth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
country covering 18,000 km over a period <strong>of</strong> six months ga<strong>the</strong>ring information for <strong>the</strong><br />
book, found that apart from a few stretches along Batticaloa-Arugam Bay, Potuvil-<br />
Monaragala and Anuradhapura-Trincomalee roads, <strong>the</strong> rest <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> network <strong>of</strong> roads <strong>to</strong> be<br />
in "an acceptable condition." This is indeed heartening news since it was not so long ago<br />
that most <strong>of</strong> our roadways were a nightmare for mo<strong>to</strong>rists.<br />
To give you a sample <strong>of</strong> what <strong>the</strong> reader would find in Info-Travel, I get back <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
chapter on National Parks. It lists out 15 parks maintained by <strong>the</strong> Department <strong>of</strong> Wild<br />
Life Conservation in alphabetical order – from Bundala <strong>to</strong> Yala. Having spelt out <strong>the</strong><br />
Park Ethics laid down by <strong>the</strong> Department, a description <strong>of</strong> each park is given with details<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> location, access, climate, cultural heritage and visi<strong>to</strong>r facilities. The information is<br />
thus quite exhaustive. The directions are easy <strong>to</strong> follow. For example – <strong>the</strong> directions <strong>to</strong><br />
reach <strong>the</strong> relatively new Maduru Oya National Park is given thus: The easiest and most<br />
practical route from Colombo (165 miles/265 km) is via Kurunegala, Dambulla,<br />
Habarana, Polonnaruwa and Manampitiya. Main access from <strong>the</strong> north is from<br />
Manampitiya located on <strong>the</strong> Polonnaruwa-Batticaloa highway. The park is designed <strong>to</strong><br />
protect <strong>the</strong> immediate catchments <strong>of</strong> five reservoirs developed under <strong>the</strong> Accelerated<br />
Mahaweli Development Programme. Their conservation is crucial <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> success <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
project. The park area provides refuge for many species <strong>of</strong> wildlife, particularly<br />
elephants. As <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> cultural heritage, ruins at not so well known places like Henanigala,<br />
Kudawila, Gurukumbura, Uluketangoda, Weerapokuna and several o<strong>the</strong>rs include ancient<br />
Buddhist shrines and hermitages.<br />
265
12/10/2007<br />
Eco Tourism is <strong>of</strong> recent origin in Sri Lanka. Info-Travel devotes a few pages <strong>to</strong> discuss<br />
adventure resorts and eco holidays with details <strong>of</strong> organizations involved in such<br />
activities.<br />
When we talk <strong>of</strong> botanical gardens, we naturally remember Peradeniya, Hakgala and<br />
Heneratgoda. Info-Travel take us <strong>to</strong> ano<strong>the</strong>r - Jathika Namal Uyana at Ulpothgama,<br />
Madatugama <strong>of</strong> which many not be aware. Situated 159 km away from Colombo,<br />
archaeological ruins, massive pink quartz deposits and various animal and plant species<br />
are found here. It is described as a unique, extremely rare 238 acre forest planted with<br />
Ironwood trees in <strong>the</strong> 8th century A.D by King Dappula. It is considered <strong>the</strong> only dry<br />
zone forest with wet zone vegetation and <strong>the</strong> oldest man-made forest in Sri Lanka holding<br />
a rich variety <strong>of</strong> animal, bird and plant life; rare species <strong>of</strong> lizards and many kinds <strong>of</strong><br />
medicinal herbs. (More -Page 44)<br />
The section on Destinations give descriptive narratives and details <strong>of</strong> accommodation. In<br />
all details <strong>of</strong> 720 hotels, guest houses and restaurants are listed. These have been<br />
categorized under High range (Rs 4000 & above), Mid range (Rs 1000-3900) and Budget<br />
range (Ra 500-1700). Take your pick! 460 <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se are outside Colombo. The team has<br />
visited each one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m and made sure that <strong>the</strong>y are worthy <strong>of</strong> mention in a travel guide.<br />
Short descriptions <strong>of</strong> what can be seen in each location are included along with pictures<br />
in colour.<br />
Eighteen road maps from A1 <strong>to</strong> A35 give every little bit <strong>of</strong> information that a mo<strong>to</strong>rist<br />
would want <strong>to</strong> know. Each map has a set <strong>of</strong> symbols for easy reference. These refer <strong>to</strong><br />
filling stations, police stations, hotels and resthouses, tyre service & repair joints,<br />
garages, telephone booths, ATM centres, telecommunication points, wine s<strong>to</strong>res,<br />
hospitals, post <strong>of</strong>fices and <strong>of</strong> course, places <strong>to</strong> see. With business traveling increasing,<br />
this information is <strong>of</strong> much benefit <strong>to</strong> those who get about for business. The maps are<br />
designed <strong>to</strong> read from <strong>the</strong> bot<strong>to</strong>m upward in order <strong>to</strong> meet uniformity, <strong>the</strong> publishers say.<br />
Distances are marked in kilometres.<br />
I found <strong>the</strong> page titled 'On your way' quite interesting. It contains guidelines how one can<br />
be 'a pleasant and decent traveller' (Quote - Page 228)<br />
I have only given you a broad outline <strong>of</strong> what appeared in Info-Travel. There is much<br />
more – both routine information that a traveler should know as well as not so common<br />
<strong>to</strong>pics.<br />
Info-Travel has been done well. When <strong>the</strong>y update <strong>the</strong> information, <strong>the</strong>re may be <strong>the</strong> need<br />
<strong>to</strong> fill a few gaps. A little more his<strong>to</strong>rical information about certain places will be useful.<br />
Incidentally, regular updates will be available on <strong>the</strong> website www.infotravelsrilanka.com<br />
And <strong>of</strong> course, <strong>the</strong> publishers should think in terms <strong>of</strong> a Sinhala edition. Don't forget –<br />
<strong>the</strong> Sinhala speaking types form <strong>the</strong> bulk <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> traveling public – families who want <strong>to</strong><br />
see interesting places, parents and grand parents who want <strong>the</strong>ir children <strong>to</strong> appreciate <strong>the</strong><br />
266
12/10/2007<br />
natural beauty and <strong>the</strong> rich heritage we possess. A travel guide book in Sinhala is<br />
something that we lack badly. Now that Neptune Publishers have all <strong>the</strong> necessary data, a<br />
Sinhala version can easily be done. Let's wait for it – sooner than later!<br />
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
SRI LANKA WILDLIFE NEWS is a monthly e-mail <strong>of</strong> birding and wildlife events,<br />
sightings and short notes <strong>of</strong> interest <strong>to</strong> birders, pho<strong>to</strong>graphers, conservationists etc. To<br />
receive a copy, please e-mail gehan@jetwing.lk with "Subscribe Wildlife News" in <strong>the</strong><br />
subject header. SLWN values your privacy, <strong>to</strong> be removed, e-mail with “Unsubscribe<br />
Wildlife News” in <strong>the</strong> header. Please e-mail your sightings, events etc <strong>to</strong><br />
gehan@jetwing.lk. The media are welcome <strong>to</strong> extract details, but please attribute <strong>the</strong><br />
source. Past issues are on www.jetwingeco.com<br />
MARCH 2004<br />
267<br />
SRI LANKA WILDLIFE NEWS (March 2004)<br />
- a monthly compilation by Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne (22/04/2004)<br />
HIGHLIGHTS<br />
[*] TOP STORY Pamela Rasmussen on proposed taxonomic changes which will<br />
recognise ten more endemic species <strong>of</strong> birds, raising <strong>the</strong> Sri Lankan list <strong>to</strong> 33 endemic<br />
birds (See Articles)<br />
[*] Marianne Nightingale writes about her visit <strong>to</strong> Sri Lanka <strong>to</strong> see her adopted baby<br />
elephant (See Articles)<br />
[*] Fourth record <strong>of</strong> nest <strong>of</strong> Ashy-headed Laughing Thrush<br />
[*] Whale sightings <strong>of</strong>f Colombo<br />
[*] Sunela Jayawardene on Wasgomuwa at <strong>the</strong> mercy <strong>of</strong> poachers (See Articles)<br />
[*] Oxford Scientific Films film Elephant Release (see Press Releases)<br />
EVENTS SUMMARY<br />
Friday, 23rd April 7:00 pm Slide show and lecture at <strong>the</strong> Barefoot Gallery given by<br />
Mike Yamashita, "Marco Polo Fever". The slide show will focus on Yamashita's<br />
successful retracing <strong>the</strong> footsteps <strong>of</strong> Marco Polo's epic 24 year expedition across Asia-<br />
(for National Geographic, published in 2001). Barefoot Gallery, 704 Galle Road,<br />
Colombo 6.<br />
Saturday 24 April, Lecture series on birds for beginners. 9.30 am - 12.00. NBLT,<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Colombo, Colombo 3. Field Ornithology Group <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka Lecture<br />
Series. Topic and speaker <strong>to</strong> be finalised.
12/10/2007<br />
BIRDING & WILDLIFE NEWS<br />
Birding in Sri Lanka will become more exciting with proposed changes by Rasmussen<br />
and Ander<strong>to</strong>n (in press) which will see Sri Lanka having a <strong>to</strong>tal <strong>of</strong> 33 species <strong>of</strong><br />
endemic birds. The list could rise higher with more taxonomic work. See Articles below<br />
for an account by Pamela Rasmusse on <strong>the</strong> proposed changes.<br />
Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne visited Kalametiya on 13 April and reports several<br />
sightings <strong>of</strong> Watercock and a single Slaty-breasted Crake. Migrants still present<br />
included a Brown Shrike. Many wader species were still present and included Marsh<br />
Sandpiper, Redshank, Turns<strong>to</strong>ne, Curlew Sandpiper and Little Stint. These waders could<br />
be loiterers. He and various o<strong>the</strong>rs joined a Turtle Watching session<br />
Chitral Jayatilake reports on his observation from Yala between 26 - 29 March 2004.<br />
"The four days spent at Yala was interesting with 3 sightings <strong>of</strong> Leopard, 2 Bears and one<br />
tusker. A courting pair <strong>of</strong> leopards were seen at Wemalkema with a lot <strong>of</strong> activity relating<br />
<strong>to</strong> courtship, but mating was not observed. There was a Bear and cub sighted along <strong>the</strong><br />
main road at very close distance. The bears were obliging <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> pho<strong>to</strong>graphers on board.<br />
The Tusker Nalaka was observed at <strong>the</strong> Kottabendi wewa plains on <strong>the</strong> 27th evening but<br />
<strong>the</strong> light faded early. A pair <strong>of</strong> Tree Swifts were pho<strong>to</strong>graphed also at Welmalkema.<br />
Roshan Goonewardana sends in a report <strong>of</strong> a whale sighting. "The Sport Fishing Club<br />
had its annual Trolling Competition on Sunday <strong>the</strong> 21st March. We left Modera at<br />
around 6.30 am. The fishing was mainly outside <strong>the</strong> Colombo Harbour area. We were<br />
about 7 kilometers in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> sea in front <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Galle Face Green. Suddenly <strong>to</strong> our surprise<br />
we spotted a Whale which came up for air. We continued <strong>to</strong> follow maintaining a<br />
distance <strong>of</strong> about 100 yards. We watched <strong>the</strong> Whale for about 20 -25 minutes and <strong>the</strong>n<br />
<strong>the</strong> whale changed course. It was <strong>the</strong> first experience for <strong>the</strong> four <strong>of</strong> us who were on <strong>the</strong><br />
boat. As I am not an expert on Whales could not identify which species it belonged <strong>to</strong>.<br />
The whale was at least 30- 35 feet long".<br />
Chandrika Maelge and her colleagues visited Yala (20-21 March) <strong>to</strong> join a film crew<br />
from Oxford Scientifc Films. They report "Migra<strong>to</strong>ry passerines such as Brown Shrike<br />
and Brahminy Starling are still present. Almost all <strong>the</strong> common wader species are also<br />
present in <strong>the</strong> park. Many have assumed summer plumage.<br />
A pair <strong>of</strong> courting leopards crossed <strong>the</strong> road about 200 m before Wilpala Wewa. They<br />
were heard growling and snarlling for at least 20 minutes. The next day, a pair <strong>of</strong> Sloth<br />
Bear grubbed around in <strong>the</strong> open for at least ten minutes at Palugaswala No 2. Many<br />
visi<strong>to</strong>rs and <strong>the</strong> film crew had an excellent sighting"<br />
Susan Clark found (11 March 04) a Slaty-legged Crake in <strong>the</strong> Negombo Lagoon<br />
bordering <strong>the</strong> Taj Airport Graden Hotel.<br />
268
12/10/2007<br />
Devaka Perera, Nirusha Ranjitkumar and o<strong>the</strong>rs visited Minneriya National Park on 6<br />
March 2004. The edges <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Minneriya Lake had an enormous concentration <strong>of</strong> Asian<br />
Openbill, loosely estimated between 2,000 - 3,000 in <strong>to</strong>tal.<br />
Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne and Phil Dearden visted <strong>the</strong> Colombo Golf Course around<br />
6.00 pm on 3 March. They walked around <strong>the</strong> back where <strong>the</strong>re are stretches <strong>of</strong> wetland.<br />
The water is very heavily polluted and smells bad. Despite this, <strong>the</strong>y had a clear view <strong>of</strong><br />
a Cinnamon Bittern. The upper surface <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> wings, which are uniformly coloured were<br />
clearly observed. At least 3 Black Bitterns were also observed.<br />
On 1 March Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne was surprised <strong>to</strong> see Rosy Starlings in Vorella,<br />
Colombo. He reports "Around 6.30 pm I pulled up <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> large round about near <strong>the</strong><br />
Kanatta cemetery, where Bauddhaloka Mawatha and Elvitigala Mawatha converge. A<br />
flock <strong>of</strong> 20 - 30 Rosy Starlings circled around, attempting <strong>to</strong> land on <strong>the</strong> trees on <strong>the</strong><br />
round about. I had close, naked eye views and could make out that <strong>the</strong> birds in summer<br />
plumage. They circeld, and <strong>the</strong>n veered away and flew <strong>of</strong>f".<br />
Ashok Jayarathna, Prasanjith Caldera and Eben Goodale have made detailed<br />
observations <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> nesting <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Ashy-headed Laughing Thrush, during December 2003<br />
and January 2004. This may well be only <strong>the</strong> fourth record <strong>of</strong> a nest.<br />
ARTICLES/TRIP REPORTS<br />
Proposed additions <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> endemic birds <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka<br />
Pamela C. Rasmussen, Michigan State University Museum, East Lansing, MI 48824-<br />
1045 USA<br />
While preparing a book on birds <strong>of</strong> South Asia (Rasmussen and Ander<strong>to</strong>n, in press), I<br />
became convinced that numerous species-level changes <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> region's avifauna were<br />
required. Many o<strong>the</strong>r ornithologists and birders had <strong>of</strong> course been aware <strong>of</strong> some <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong>se taxonomic issues for years. However, formal scientific publication <strong>of</strong> changes is an<br />
extremely slow process, and <strong>the</strong>re has been negligible recent work on many species<br />
problems. All things considered, I decided <strong>the</strong>refore that <strong>the</strong> best strategy would be <strong>to</strong><br />
enact well-justified changes in our forthcoming book, accompanied with necessary and<br />
sufficient evidence.<br />
This short note is specifically on <strong>the</strong> revisions which will impact on <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong><br />
endemic bird species found in Sri Lanka.<br />
Wijesinghe (1994) treated <strong>the</strong> Black-capped Bulbul (Pycnonotus melanicterus), Ceylon<br />
Small Barbet (Megalaima rubricapillus) and Ceylon Hill Munia (Lonchura kelaarti) as<br />
Sri Lankan endemics. However Grimett et al (1999) did not accept <strong>the</strong>se as full species<br />
because <strong>the</strong> taxonomic elevations were simply published in a checklist without a rigorous<br />
taxonomic justification. In our book, we recognize <strong>the</strong> first two as full endemic species <strong>to</strong><br />
269
12/10/2007<br />
Sri Lanka, and provide justification for this treatment. Ceylon Hill Munia was not<br />
accorded endemic full species status as <strong>the</strong> material available <strong>to</strong> me, especially <strong>of</strong><br />
vocalizations, was inadequate <strong>to</strong> make a determination at this stage.<br />
The Sri Lankan races <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Common Hawk Cuckoo (Hierococcyx varius ciceliae)<br />
and <strong>the</strong> Indian Blackbird (Turdus simillima kinnisii) may well also warrant<br />
treatment as full species and would <strong>the</strong>refore be island endemics. However, <strong>the</strong>y are<br />
not so treated in Rasmussen and Ander<strong>to</strong>n (in press), pending fur<strong>the</strong>r data and<br />
analyses.<br />
Based on this work, which will be described more fully in <strong>the</strong> forthcoming book, <strong>the</strong><br />
proposed list <strong>of</strong> thirty three Sri Lankan Endemic Birds, is given below. Species which<br />
have not been treated as endemic <strong>to</strong> Sri Lanka in Grimmett et al (1999), are shown in<br />
bold face and prefaced by an asterisk (*).<br />
Ceylon Spurfowl Galloperdix bicalcarata<br />
Ceylon Junglefowl Gallus lafayetii<br />
Ceylon Woodpigeon Columba <strong>to</strong>rring<strong>to</strong>nii<br />
* Pompadour Green Pigeon Treron pompadora<br />
Ceylon Hanging Parrot Loriculus beryllinus<br />
Layard’s Parakeet Psittacula calthropae<br />
Red-faced Malkoha Phaenicophaeus pyrrhocephalus<br />
Green-billed Coucal Centropus chlororhynchos<br />
* Serendib Scops-Owl Otus sp.<br />
Chestnut-backed Owlet Glaucidium castanonotum<br />
Ceylon Grey Hornbill Ocyceros gingalensis<br />
Yellow-fronted Barbet Megalaima flavifrons<br />
* Ceylon Small Barbet Megalaima rubricapillus<br />
* Crimson-backed Flameback Chrysocolaptes stricklandi<br />
* Ceylon Swallow Hirundo hyperythra<br />
* Ceylon Woodshrike Tephrodornis affinis<br />
* Black-capped Bulbul Pycnonotus melanicterus<br />
Yellow-eared Bulbul Pycnonotus penicillatus<br />
Ceylon Whistling-Thrush Myophonus blighi<br />
Spot-winged Ground-Thrush Zoo<strong>the</strong>ra spiloptera<br />
* Ceylon Scaly Thrush Zoo<strong>the</strong>ra imbricata<br />
Sri Lanka Bush-Warbler Elaphrornis palliseri<br />
Dusky-blue Flycatcher Eumyias sordidus<br />
Brown-capped Babbler Pellorneum fuscocapillus<br />
* Ceylon Scimitar-Babbler Poma<strong>to</strong>rhinus [schisticeps] melanurus<br />
Ceylon Rufous Babbler Turdoides rufescens<br />
Ashy-headed Laughingthrush Garrulax cinereifrons<br />
Legge’s Flowerpecker Dicaeum vincens<br />
Ceylon White-eye Zosterops ceylonensis<br />
* Ceylon Crested Drongo Dicrurus lophorinus<br />
Ceylon Blue Magpie Urocissa ornata<br />
270
12/10/2007<br />
White-faced Starling Sturnia alb<strong>of</strong>rontata<br />
Ceylon Hill-Myna Gracula ptilogenys<br />
The ten newly recognised endemics, which will doubtless attract renewed interest, are<br />
listed below for convenience.<br />
Pompadour Green Pigeon Treron pompadora<br />
Serendib Scops-Owl Otus sp.<br />
Ceylon Small Barbet Megalaima rubricapillus<br />
Crimson-backed Flameback Chrysocolaptes stricklandi<br />
Ceylon Swallow Hirundo hyperythra<br />
Ceylon Woodshrike Tephrodornis affinis<br />
Black-capped Bulbul Pycnonotus melanicterus<br />
Ceylon Scaly Thrush Zoo<strong>the</strong>ra imbricata<br />
Ceylon Scimitar-Babbler Poma<strong>to</strong>rhinus [schisticeps] melanurus<br />
Ceylon Crested Drongo Dicrurus lophorinus<br />
References<br />
Grimmett, R., C. Inskipp, and T. Inskipp. 1999. A guide <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> birds <strong>of</strong> India,<br />
Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, and <strong>the</strong> Maldives. Prince<strong>to</strong>n Univ.<br />
Press, Prince<strong>to</strong>n.<br />
Rasmussen, P. C. and J. C. Ander<strong>to</strong>n. In press (expected 2004). Birds <strong>of</strong> South Asia: <strong>the</strong><br />
Ripley guide. 2 vols. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.<br />
Wijesinghe, D.P. (1994) Checklist <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Birds <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka. Ceylon Bird Club Notes<br />
Special Publication Series No. 2, Ceylon Bird Club. Colombo. 49 pp.<br />
Wasgomuwa National Park at <strong>the</strong> mercy <strong>of</strong> poachers<br />
- Sunela Jayawardene<br />
At <strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sinhala New Year weekend, we stirred from our base at Dunvila<br />
Cottage on <strong>the</strong> border <strong>of</strong> Wasgomuva National Park, <strong>to</strong> spend <strong>the</strong> whole day within <strong>the</strong><br />
park. A simple agenda <strong>of</strong> driving <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Mahaveli river, lunch and drive back out <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
park, exposed us <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> sorry state <strong>of</strong> this stunningly beautiful park. As we got <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> river<br />
and parked our vehicles at a designated campsite, we discovered a deep trench. This<br />
turned out <strong>to</strong> be a Pangolin's burrow, excavated by poachers.<br />
The original tunnel had extended a good 6 meters. The poachers seemed <strong>to</strong> have smoked<br />
<strong>the</strong> Pangolin <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong> its tunnel and <strong>the</strong>n spent at least a whole day excavating <strong>the</strong><br />
trench <strong>to</strong> a depth <strong>of</strong> 3-4 foot in search <strong>of</strong> its' final resting place. The sharpened stakes<br />
used <strong>to</strong> dig it out and <strong>the</strong> pitiful drag mark was evidence <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> poachers success. Directly<br />
opposite <strong>the</strong> campsite is a large path down from <strong>the</strong> village across <strong>the</strong> river. This must<br />
surely be an obvious entry point for poachers? In <strong>the</strong> evening around 5pm, about 5km<br />
271
12/10/2007<br />
from <strong>the</strong> Park <strong>of</strong>fice, our route <strong>to</strong>ok us <strong>to</strong> an area where <strong>the</strong> village <strong>of</strong> Wasgomuva<br />
borders <strong>the</strong> park. As we rounded a bend, Andre Tissera in <strong>the</strong> front vehicle, spotted a man<br />
with a gun and ammunition belt standing in <strong>the</strong> grass, 100meters from <strong>the</strong> road. So<br />
confident, he had his back <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> road and was beckoning <strong>to</strong> his companions <strong>to</strong> join him.<br />
When our tracker Wijeratne Banda jumped out and yelled <strong>the</strong> poacher squatted in <strong>the</strong><br />
grass and <strong>the</strong>n <strong>to</strong>ok cover behind a tree. We hung around awhile realizing how utterly<br />
helpless we were - as soon as we left <strong>the</strong> poachers would re-emerge and walk across <strong>the</strong><br />
road <strong>to</strong> shoot <strong>the</strong> buffalo and whatever else that came <strong>the</strong>ir way. Just about a kilometer<br />
from <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>fice we passed a young elephant (6yrs?) standing by <strong>the</strong> road. It seemed odd<br />
that it was alone and barely moving. We soon realized it was badly injured - it struggled<br />
and turned as though <strong>to</strong> expose its' injury <strong>to</strong> us - what appeared <strong>to</strong> be a bullet wound in its<br />
left shoulder. Obviously heavily infected with fluid running down its' chest. Immobile<br />
long enough for <strong>the</strong> herd <strong>to</strong> abandon it and yet no medical treatment. Talking <strong>to</strong> Park<br />
Warden, Lakshman Peiris, he tells us <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> difficulties he faces. The elephant can't be<br />
attended <strong>to</strong> until a vet is sent up from Colombo - <strong>the</strong> local vet having gone abroad. He<br />
and <strong>the</strong> poachers are all aware that he has only 26 men <strong>to</strong> police over 150,000 acres <strong>of</strong><br />
National Park. We tell him <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> poachers hides easily visible as we kayak up <strong>the</strong><br />
waterways adjoining Dunvila Cottage; <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> logging operations inside <strong>the</strong> park that we<br />
hear <strong>to</strong> our cottage. Of trac<strong>to</strong>rs being driven through <strong>the</strong> park at night from Pusselyaya<br />
village border.... Now, a track <strong>to</strong> place an electric fence has been cut within <strong>the</strong> park.<br />
Logic seems <strong>to</strong> have deserted everyone who positioned this fence as, ignoring <strong>the</strong> natural<br />
barrier <strong>of</strong> water (Minipe Channel and <strong>the</strong> lakes linked by it), <strong>the</strong> fence is <strong>to</strong> be placed<br />
deeper in with an idea <strong>of</strong> allowing cultivation up <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> fence! What is most frustrating is<br />
<strong>the</strong> apathy <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficials and <strong>the</strong> policy makers. Wasgomuva National Park, with its<br />
diverse habitats, famous for its Mahaveli elephants but unknown <strong>to</strong> many, containing<br />
large bear and leopard populations in addition <strong>to</strong> superb avifauna. Not half as popular as<br />
Yala or Uda Walawe, but far better positioned with its 3 riverine borders, central ridge <strong>of</strong><br />
hills and it's proximity <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Knuckles wilderness, this park seems <strong>to</strong> be forgotten. Who<br />
does one appeal <strong>to</strong>?<br />
Return <strong>to</strong> Sri Lanka – <strong>the</strong> beautiful island<br />
- Marianne Nightingale<br />
We have just returned from our second trip <strong>to</strong> Sri Lanka as we fell in love with <strong>the</strong> island,<br />
its flora and fauna and <strong>the</strong> smiling people we met throughout our travels.<br />
We now have a special link with <strong>the</strong> island as I have adopted an orphaned baby elephant<br />
at Uda Walawa in <strong>the</strong> Elephant Transit Home. As an artist passionately determined <strong>to</strong><br />
help raise awareness <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> plight <strong>of</strong> some endangered species, finding this tiny orphan,<br />
so pa<strong>the</strong>tically frail and crying for her lost mo<strong>the</strong>r pulled at my heart and I had <strong>to</strong> do all I<br />
could <strong>to</strong> help her.<br />
On my return <strong>to</strong> England last March 2003, I contacted <strong>the</strong> Wildlife Department <strong>of</strong> Sri<br />
Lanka and made arrangements <strong>to</strong> adopt this tiny, sad little elephant. As her sole ‘foster<br />
parent’ I am committed <strong>to</strong> keeping her in elephant formula milk until she is weaned and<br />
272
12/10/2007<br />
ready <strong>to</strong> be returned <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> wild in about 4 years time. I am also allowed <strong>to</strong> name her –<br />
she is called ‘Florence’ (Nightingale) after an illustrious ances<strong>to</strong>r <strong>of</strong> mine!<br />
We visited <strong>the</strong> Elephant Transit Home again in February this year and found my<br />
‘daughter’ in very good health, strong and thriving on <strong>the</strong> milk she is fed every 3 hours.<br />
Dr. Suhadha Jayawardane and his dedicated staff have done a magnificent job not just<br />
with Florence but with all <strong>the</strong> tiny orphans that are brought in <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Home. I was able <strong>to</strong><br />
feed her at various times – gallons per day and she was so desperate <strong>to</strong> get <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> feeding<br />
tube at one feed that she tried <strong>to</strong> climb <strong>the</strong> sturdy wooden barrier <strong>to</strong> get <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> milk – a<br />
true survivor!<br />
We always travel independently, but arranged part <strong>of</strong> our trip through <strong>Jetwing</strong>s Eco<br />
<strong>Holidays</strong>, as we did last year. Through this organisation we again travelled <strong>to</strong> Yala and<br />
stayed in Yala Village and Yala Safari Game Lodge – both <strong>of</strong> which are an absolute<br />
haven after long and dusty safari drives in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Park. We were very fortunate with our<br />
tracker and driver whose sharp eyes spotted many different species <strong>of</strong> wildlife in <strong>the</strong><br />
Park.<br />
The highlights were seeing a superb male leopard, sleek and with fabulous markings, just<br />
strolling across <strong>the</strong> track and <strong>the</strong>n lying a few yards in front <strong>of</strong> our jeep, while he washed<br />
and <strong>the</strong>n sunned himself before loping a few feet <strong>to</strong> lie in <strong>the</strong> cool, damp mud at <strong>the</strong> edge<br />
<strong>of</strong> a pond. His eyes were an almost luminous gold and he was obviously in peak<br />
condition – we watched him for around 30 minutes before he slowly got up and melted<br />
in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> jungle again.<br />
On our way back <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Yala Safari Game Lodge at <strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong> that same day in <strong>the</strong> Park,<br />
ano<strong>the</strong>r leopard, more nervous <strong>of</strong> our presence walked slowly across <strong>the</strong> track in front <strong>of</strong><br />
us, but again just melted in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> undergrowth.<br />
Sloth Bears – two in a tree tearing away at <strong>the</strong> foliage <strong>to</strong> get at <strong>the</strong> berries that were in<br />
season and an absolute plus, a young baby Sloth Bear hidden in <strong>the</strong> undergrowth beneath<br />
<strong>the</strong> trees. Again around 30 minutes being able <strong>to</strong> observe <strong>the</strong>se fascinating, but extremely<br />
dangerous animals in <strong>the</strong>ir natural habitat.<br />
Surprisingly <strong>the</strong>re were a large number <strong>of</strong> crocodiles ei<strong>the</strong>r lying on <strong>the</strong> banks <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
lakes or pools sunning <strong>the</strong>mselves or lurking moodily under <strong>the</strong> water waiting for a<br />
passing snack – only <strong>the</strong> eyes and <strong>to</strong>p <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> snout being visible. Our tracker Sunil had a<br />
very dry sense <strong>of</strong> humour. On seeing one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se primaeval looking creatures<br />
motionless on <strong>the</strong> bank, he turned <strong>to</strong> us and said, absolute deadpan “Madam, is imitation,<br />
is made <strong>of</strong> plastic, is made in Hong Kong!” It wasn’t <strong>of</strong> course!<br />
It is an absolute bird watchers paradise. A good book is A Pho<strong>to</strong>graphic Guide <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
Birds <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka by Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne (<strong>of</strong> <strong>Jetwing</strong>), which will give you all<br />
<strong>the</strong> information you need <strong>to</strong> identify <strong>the</strong> birds you see. We saw particularly <strong>the</strong> Indian<br />
and Ceylon Birds <strong>of</strong> Paradise Flycatchers, Painted S<strong>to</strong>rks, Openbill S<strong>to</strong>rks, gorgeous little<br />
Bee Eaters like tiny flying jewels and it seemed that most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> birds in <strong>the</strong> book. The<br />
273
12/10/2007<br />
most endangered we saw were Black-necked S<strong>to</strong>rks and Blue-faced and Sirkeer<br />
Malkohas but we have counted around 100 species just in Yala National Park alone.<br />
The diverse habitat in Yala makes it a perfect place for all wildlife enthusiasts, elephants,<br />
leopards, sloth bears, deer and many o<strong>the</strong>rs. There are wetlands, rocky outcrops, lagoons,<br />
beaches, forests, dense scrub and light sandy open areas and <strong>the</strong>re are no great distances<br />
<strong>to</strong> cover in Sri Lanka, which is about <strong>the</strong> size <strong>of</strong> Ireland.<br />
We will return again as soon as we are able, but definitely <strong>to</strong> return Florence <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> wild<br />
in three years time. It is indeed an ‘Island like no o<strong>the</strong>r’ and has a special place in our<br />
hearts.<br />
If you would like information on adopting an orphan baby elephant as an individual,<br />
family, friends or corporate please contact The Department <strong>of</strong> Wildlife Conservation <strong>of</strong><br />
Sri Lanka, No. 18 Gregory’s Road, Colombo 07.<br />
PRESS RELEASES<br />
Oxford Scientific Films at Elephant Release in Sri Lanka<br />
A British television crew was in Sri Lanka <strong>to</strong> capture <strong>the</strong> adventure and wildlife <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sri<br />
Lankan jungles. Oxford Scientific Films is one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> most respected and prestigious film<br />
companies in <strong>the</strong> world. According <strong>to</strong> Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne, CEO <strong>of</strong> <strong>Jetwing</strong> Eco<br />
<strong>Holidays</strong>, <strong>the</strong> OSF film will help promote Sri Lanka as a big game safari destination in<br />
Asia. This will add <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> success that <strong>Jetwing</strong> have already achieved by working with<br />
highly respected <strong>to</strong>ur opera<strong>to</strong>rs such as Kuoni and Abercrombie & Kent and <strong>the</strong>ir local<br />
ground agents <strong>to</strong> feature Big Game itineraries such as Leopard Safaris in Sri Lanka.<br />
Oxford Scientific Films (OSF) plans <strong>to</strong> produce a Sri Lankan TV documentary program<br />
for “Animal Angels”, a documentary series in Animal Planet which has over 80 million<br />
viewers (households) world wide. The presenter Lyndal Davies, with fashion model good<br />
looks, is a key personality in <strong>the</strong> production. She <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r with <strong>the</strong> productions crew <strong>of</strong><br />
Mark Strickson (Direc<strong>to</strong>r), Colin Budd (Cameraman) and James Petch (Sound Recordist)<br />
will work mainly in National Parks for nearly four weeks, in order <strong>to</strong> capture <strong>the</strong> footage<br />
for this 50-minute program.<br />
“Animal Angels” is a series <strong>of</strong> wildlife programs that OSF are making for Animal Planet,<br />
<strong>to</strong> be broadcast around <strong>the</strong> world. In each program <strong>the</strong>y will show one ‘Animal Angel’<br />
and show <strong>the</strong> valuable contribution made by that person in helping wildlife in his<br />
respective country. In this particular filming assignment, Dr. Suhada Jayawardena will be<br />
portrayed as <strong>the</strong> "Animal Angel' for his work at <strong>the</strong> Elephant Transit Home, Uda<br />
Walawe.<br />
The experienced film crew, obtained some wonderful footage on March 15 th at Uda<br />
Walawe, during <strong>the</strong> release <strong>of</strong> orphaned elephants from <strong>the</strong> DWLC managed Elephant<br />
Transit Home. They were joined by <strong>Jetwing</strong> Eco <strong>Holidays</strong> staff including Chandrika<br />
Maelge, Devaka Perera and Priyashanie Peiris. <strong>Jetwing</strong> Eco <strong>Holidays</strong> were asked <strong>to</strong><br />
274
12/10/2007<br />
handle <strong>the</strong> ground component <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>ur, because <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir proven expertise in handling<br />
film crews. According <strong>to</strong> film crew specialist, Chandrika Maelge, film crews are a very<br />
unique type <strong>of</strong> client where hands-on expertise is essential for <strong>the</strong> mutual success <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
film crew and <strong>the</strong>ir ground agent. The filming at Uda Walawe which focused on <strong>the</strong><br />
release <strong>of</strong> orphaned elephants in <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> wild, was attended by senior personnel <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
Department <strong>of</strong> Wildlife Conservation (DWLC) including its Direc<strong>to</strong>r General Chandralal<br />
Herath and former DG Dayananda Kariyawasam and various well known wildlife<br />
personalities. Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne and Mr Herath <strong>to</strong>ok <strong>the</strong> opportunity <strong>to</strong> discuss<br />
ways <strong>of</strong> streamlining access for film crews in<strong>to</strong> national parks which will make it easier<br />
<strong>to</strong> promote Sri Lanka and <strong>the</strong> good work being done by <strong>the</strong> DWLC.<br />
The orphaned elephants released included four year old <strong>Jetwing</strong> Maximus, a baby<br />
elephant sponsored by <strong>Jetwing</strong> Hotels for three years as well as a number <strong>of</strong> o<strong>the</strong>rs<br />
sponsored by corporates. A number <strong>of</strong> private sponsors were also present and a band <strong>of</strong><br />
excited school children from sponsor Museaus College. Winning corporate sponsorship<br />
from <strong>the</strong> private sec<strong>to</strong>r by <strong>the</strong> DWLC is a commendable move by a state agency says<br />
Hiran Cooray, Managing Direc<strong>to</strong>r <strong>of</strong> <strong>Jetwing</strong> Hotels who sees <strong>the</strong> private sec<strong>to</strong>r having<br />
an important part <strong>to</strong> play in conservation. Lalin de Mel, Direc<strong>to</strong>r Marketing <strong>of</strong> <strong>Jetwing</strong><br />
Hotels sees more scope for <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>urism industry <strong>to</strong> support state agencies engaged in<br />
wildlife conservation.<br />
The OSF program intends <strong>to</strong> highlight <strong>the</strong> cultural religious importance <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> elephant<br />
and <strong>the</strong> measures that are in place <strong>to</strong> protect <strong>the</strong> animals. The crew, will also be looking<br />
at o<strong>the</strong>r elephant related subject matter in Sri Lanka. Therefore <strong>the</strong> crew will be travelling<br />
<strong>to</strong> Yala, Wasgamuwa, <strong>the</strong> Pinnawala elephant orphanage, Kithulgala and <strong>the</strong> Temple <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> Tooth.<br />
OSF will also make a financial donation <strong>of</strong> USD 10,000 <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Elephant Transit Home.<br />
The monies are <strong>to</strong> be invested amongst o<strong>the</strong>r things on a new trac<strong>to</strong>r for <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
Elephant Transit Home. It is hoped that this donation will encourage o<strong>the</strong>r institutions<br />
and individuals <strong>to</strong> follow suit. According <strong>to</strong> Marc Strickson, OSF fought hard <strong>to</strong> secure a<br />
budget which would not only ensure a good film, but allowed OSF <strong>to</strong> make a donation<br />
which would make a difference.<br />
Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne believes we need <strong>to</strong> streamline access <strong>to</strong> film crews so that<br />
Sri Lanka Inc makes it easier <strong>to</strong> promote itself and <strong>the</strong> conservation work undertaken in<br />
<strong>the</strong> country. Too much red tape denies Sri Lanka good publicity. A few more foreign film<br />
crews could have been invited for <strong>the</strong> elephant release and <strong>to</strong> subsequently film in <strong>the</strong><br />
national parks, if it were not for <strong>the</strong> burden <strong>of</strong> time consuming procedures. Sri Lanka<br />
<strong>to</strong>urism laments <strong>the</strong> lack <strong>of</strong> financial resources for an effective marketing campaign<br />
overseas. But <strong>the</strong>re are so many things we can do he says which will gives Sri Lanka easy<br />
access <strong>to</strong> millions <strong>of</strong> television viewers overseas. But only if we are prepared <strong>to</strong> take a<br />
take a few simple, intelligent steps. One such step he recommends is <strong>to</strong> allow film crews<br />
in<strong>to</strong> national parks and reserves as normal paying visi<strong>to</strong>rs, if <strong>the</strong>y do not need special<br />
facilities. This will allow Sri Lanka <strong>to</strong> take advantage <strong>of</strong> air time overseas which is<br />
presently being lost due <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> onerous procedures for film crews.<br />
275
12/10/2007<br />
The Born Free Foundation have been supporting <strong>the</strong> work <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Elephant Transit Home<br />
and information on <strong>the</strong>m can be looked up on www.bornfree.org.uk. A pho<strong>to</strong><br />
documentary <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> elephant release can be viewed on www.jetwingeco.com.<br />
NEW BOOKS<br />
Some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> following details are from <strong>the</strong> publisher's press releases.<br />
Orchids <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka A Conservationists Companion. A Simplified Guide <strong>to</strong><br />
Identification. Volume 1. The protected orchids and selected similar species.<br />
Authored by Malik Fernando, Siril Wijesundera and Suranjan Fernando. Published by<br />
IUCN Sri Lanka. 147 pages with colour pho<strong>to</strong>graphs and illustrations and line drawings.<br />
50 Species are illustrated in and described in a field guide format. ISBN 955 - 8177-23-7<br />
This is a wonderful book BUT copies are not presently available for sale as <strong>the</strong> Guide<br />
was published primarily <strong>to</strong> support law enforcement, and <strong>the</strong> copies have thus been<br />
distributed <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> relevant agencies. However those with an interest in <strong>the</strong> conservation or<br />
<strong>the</strong> study <strong>of</strong> orchids may contact IUCN (Charmalie/Dihan on 94 11 + 2682418/2694094)<br />
or refer <strong>to</strong> a copy in <strong>the</strong> IUCN library (opening times: 9 a.m. - 5 p.m. Monday <strong>to</strong> Friday)<br />
at 53 Hor<strong>to</strong>n Place, Colombo 7. Based on <strong>the</strong> degree <strong>of</strong> public interest, <strong>the</strong>re may <strong>the</strong>n be<br />
a case for a reprint.<br />
Field Guide <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Birds <strong>of</strong> Nor<strong>the</strong>rn India by Richard Grimmett, Tim Inskipp ISBN<br />
0713651679. 304 pages. 216x135 mm. Illustrations 120 colour plates..<br />
The successor <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> much acclaimed Birds <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Indian Subcontinent by <strong>the</strong> same<br />
authors. Covering just nor<strong>the</strong>rn India, <strong>the</strong> superb plates are accompanied by a succinct<br />
text highlighting identification, voice, habitat, altitudinal range, distribution and status.<br />
The text is on facing pages <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> plates, for easy reference. As with previous titles<br />
covering Bhutan and Nepal, this guide is a perfect size for use in <strong>the</strong> field and will be an<br />
essential companion when visiting this region.<br />
<strong>Jetwing</strong> Pho<strong>to</strong>graphic Guides for Dragonflies and Butterflies<br />
These booklets precede work underway on a larger book which will combine birds,<br />
butterflies and dragonflies. The format <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> booklets is <strong>to</strong> depict a selection <strong>of</strong> species<br />
<strong>to</strong> facilitate easy reference and identification in <strong>the</strong> field. The booklet on Dragonflies is<br />
an important publication as it represents <strong>the</strong> first step, <strong>to</strong> produce a guide for field work.<br />
It has 88 images representing 65 species. Dragonflies and Damselflies are not easy <strong>to</strong><br />
identify in <strong>the</strong> field and a fuller book will be published in due course which has<br />
accompanying text. The butterfly booklet has 63 images depicting 62 species. They will<br />
be available at leading bookshops with an expected retail price <strong>of</strong> around Rs 100.<br />
The two booklets are produced by Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne who has drawn on <strong>the</strong><br />
technical expertise <strong>of</strong> Michael and Nancy van der Poorten on <strong>the</strong> butterflies and Matjaz<br />
Bedjanic and Karen Coniff on <strong>the</strong> Dragonflies. The pho<strong>to</strong>graphy has been undertaken<br />
276
12/10/2007<br />
principally by Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne for <strong>the</strong> butterflies and shared with Matjaz<br />
Bedjanic for <strong>the</strong> Dragonflies. Bedjanic is a researcher with <strong>the</strong> Slovenian Institute <strong>of</strong><br />
Conservation and <strong>the</strong> van der Poorten's are resident in Canada.<br />
The Butterfly and <strong>the</strong> Dragonfly booklet were re-printed in February 2004.<br />
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
SRI LANKA WILDLIFE NEWS is a monthly e-mail <strong>of</strong> birding and wildlife events,<br />
sightings and short notes <strong>of</strong> interest <strong>to</strong> birders, pho<strong>to</strong>graphers, conservationists etc. To<br />
receive a copy, please e-mail gehan@jetwing.lk with "Subscribe Wildlife News" in <strong>the</strong><br />
subject header. SLWN values your privacy, <strong>to</strong> be removed, e-mail with “Unsubscribe<br />
Wildlife News” in <strong>the</strong> header. Please e-mail your sightings, events etc <strong>to</strong><br />
gehan@jetwing.lk. The media are welcome <strong>to</strong> extract details, but please attribute <strong>the</strong><br />
source. Past issues are on www.jetwingeco.com<br />
JANUARY & FEBRUARY 2004<br />
277<br />
SRI LANKA WILDLIFE NEWS (January & February 2004)<br />
- a monthly (usually!) compilation by Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne (24/02/2004)<br />
HIGHLIGHTS<br />
[*] Anoma Wijewardana on a Marine Mammal Safari in Indian Ocean Waters on <strong>the</strong><br />
M.V. Isis with Dr Charles Anderson and several hundred cetaceans (See ARTICLES)<br />
[*] Barn Owl at Galle Face Hotel and Brown Bazas (Deepal Warakagoda) nesting at<br />
Pattipola<br />
[*] Ceylon Bird Club waterfowl census team visit <strong>the</strong> Wetlands <strong>of</strong> Jaffna<br />
[*] Second records <strong>of</strong> Emerald Cuckoo by Upali Ekanayke and Nepali Red-rumped<br />
Swallow by Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne<br />
[*] IUCN publish a guide <strong>to</strong> Sri Lankan Orchids (see NEW BOOKS)<br />
EVENTS SUMMARY<br />
Friday 27 February <strong>to</strong> Tuesday 2 March Voyages An Exhibition <strong>of</strong> Pho<strong>to</strong>graphs by<br />
staff <strong>of</strong> Studio Times. Harold Peris Gallery, Lionel Wndt Art Centre, Colombo. Includes<br />
images by Nihal Fernando, one <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka's most respected pho<strong>to</strong>graphers.
12/10/2007<br />
Saturday 28 February, Lecture series on birds for beginners. 9.30 am - 12.00. NBLT,<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Colombo, Colombo 3. Field Ornithology Group <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka Lecture<br />
Series. In Sinhala, on Birds & People.<br />
Saturday 27 March, Lecture series on birds for beginners. 9.30 am - 12.00. NBLT,<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Colombo, Colombo 3. Field Ornithology Group <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka Lecture<br />
Series. In English, on Spot-billed Pelican by Kanchana Weerakoon <strong>of</strong> Eco Volunteers.<br />
Thursday 15 April 2004 Course on <strong>the</strong> Plant & Animal Kingdoms (11 Days)<br />
Dr. Janaki Galappatti and Dr. Sriyanie Miththapala will conduct an 11-day course titled<br />
‘An overview <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> plant and animal kingdoms’ from Thursday April 15 th 2004 onwards,<br />
from 9 a.m. <strong>to</strong> 4 p.m. This course is targeted at GCE OL and AL students, and specially<br />
at students who have just finished <strong>the</strong>ir GCE Ordinary Level examination, are deeply<br />
interested in biology and are looking for something challenging. Only a limited number<br />
<strong>of</strong> places are available. Call for details on 2698696.<br />
Saturday 24 April, Lecture series on birds for beginners. 9.30 am - 12.00. NBLT,<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Colombo, Colombo 3. Field Ornithology Group <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka Lecture<br />
Series. Topic and speaker <strong>to</strong> be finalised.<br />
BIRDING & WILDLIFE NEWS<br />
Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne with members <strong>of</strong> his team and members <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Scottish<br />
Ornithological Club were pleasantly surprised when a Barn Owl flew on<strong>to</strong> a Coconut<br />
Tree on <strong>the</strong> lawn <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Galle Face Hotel in Colombo. It was around 8.15 pm on 11<br />
February 2004.<br />
Nadana Hewgamage on <strong>to</strong>ur with David Massey (10 Feb 04) observed 3 endemic<br />
Ceylon Hill Munias on <strong>the</strong> Simpson's Trail near Hunas Falls Hotel.<br />
The Ceylon Bird Club Birding News (17 February 2004) carried <strong>the</strong> following reports.<br />
Deepal Warakagoda reports a pair <strong>of</strong> Brown Bazas nesting at Pattipola on 12 Feb, in<br />
<strong>the</strong> Eucalyptus trees behind <strong>the</strong> railway station.<br />
He also reports a nest <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> White-Necked S<strong>to</strong>rk in Ruhuna National Park Block I at<br />
Kota Bendi Wewa, and that <strong>the</strong> nest and nesting can be pho<strong>to</strong>- graphed without difficulty.<br />
Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne reports two Common Snipe at Kotte Marshes on 16 Feb,<br />
<strong>of</strong>f Sri Lanka Nippon Mawatha in <strong>the</strong> pond by <strong>the</strong> large bare area next <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> football<br />
ground.<br />
Members <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Ceylon Bird Club Team who under<strong>to</strong>ok a waterfowl census in Jaffna<br />
have sent in this report. The annual waterbird census in <strong>the</strong> Jaffna wetlands sec<strong>to</strong>r was<br />
carried out from 5 <strong>to</strong> 8 February 2004, for <strong>the</strong> Ceylon Bird Club in association with<br />
Wetlands International, by C B Bavinck, Kithsiri Gunawardena, Kiran Kumaranayagam<br />
and U Sirivardana. Amidst many beautiful landscapes in <strong>the</strong> peninsula, islands and<br />
278
12/10/2007<br />
mainland, a <strong>to</strong>tal <strong>of</strong> about 76,000 birds was counted. At least four rich sites had <strong>to</strong> be left<br />
out: Delft, Punkudutivu and Mandaitivu islands and Chundikulam Sanctuary. 27,000<br />
ducks included 8,000 Wigeon, 3,000 Shoveller and 244 <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> relatively rare Common<br />
Teal. Two flocks <strong>of</strong> small shorebirds, mostly or entirely Little Stint and Curlew<br />
Sandpiper were estimated at 10,000 and 25,000, at Uppu Aru and Vadamaracchi Lagoon,<br />
respectively.<br />
By <strong>the</strong> Punnalai Causeway were 3,240 Black-tailed Godwit. The marsh by Mirusuvil<br />
held 772 Openbill. The lagoon on <strong>the</strong> east <strong>of</strong> Kayts Island and <strong>the</strong> one at Kurukkukadal<br />
on its west each had more than 2,700 Wigeon; <strong>the</strong> figure is more than 1% <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
population <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> species in <strong>the</strong> Central-South Asia flyway, and if this occurs regularly<br />
would qualify each <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se two wetlands for Ramsar Site status. Only eight species <strong>of</strong><br />
gulls and terns were recorded this year, and among <strong>the</strong>se were 570 Great Black-headed<br />
Gull at Kurukkukadal. Five Spot-billed Pelican, whose numbers in Sri Lanka form a key<br />
part <strong>of</strong> its world population, were seen at Uppu Aru. A <strong>to</strong>tal <strong>of</strong> 74 Eurasian Curlew and<br />
25 Whimbrel were counted. 17 Common Coot including seven small young were<br />
observed at Kelankamam Tank near Uduvil.<br />
At Uppulavan Kalappu near Pooneryn was a ga<strong>the</strong>ring <strong>of</strong> 12 Great S<strong>to</strong>ne-Plover. 120<br />
species <strong>of</strong> birds were recorded in <strong>the</strong> sec<strong>to</strong>r. Rarities included two Osprey, a Booted<br />
Eagle, 35 Broad-billed Sandpiper at Elephant Pass, two Terek Sandpiper at near<br />
Punnalai, three Ruff and six Large Sand Plover. Of several 100 Black-winged Stilt seen<br />
two were observed with black hindnecks, <strong>the</strong> nor<strong>the</strong>rnmost records in Sri Lanka <strong>of</strong> such<br />
birds, who are very probably visi<strong>to</strong>rs from India. Two individuals <strong>of</strong> Black Drongo were<br />
observed <strong>to</strong> be larger and glossier than <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>rs and with a sturdier tail, indicating <strong>the</strong><br />
migrant subspecies. O<strong>the</strong>r rap<strong>to</strong>rs included Black Kite, very rare in <strong>the</strong> south but<br />
common here, Brahminy Kite everywhere, White-bellied Sea Eagle, Marsh and<br />
Montagu's Harriers at Avarankal, a few Kestrel and a Booted Eagle. On <strong>the</strong> way up<br />
north, by <strong>the</strong> lonely and lovely Mamaduwa tank NE <strong>of</strong> Vavuniya two Orange-headed<br />
Ground Thrush, a Brown Wood Owl and many vocal Indian Cuckoo were recorded. The<br />
Ceylon Swallow was seen northwards up <strong>to</strong> Mankulam.<br />
John Van de Dorl sends in <strong>the</strong> following notes on possible records <strong>of</strong> rarities. These<br />
reports have <strong>to</strong> be confirmed as tentative until submitted <strong>to</strong> and accepted by <strong>the</strong> Rarities<br />
Committee <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Ceylon Bird Club.<br />
Steppe Buzzard (Buteo buteo vulpinus)<br />
Considered by some <strong>to</strong> be a separate species, and by o<strong>the</strong>rs <strong>the</strong> eastern race <strong>of</strong> Common<br />
Buzzard (Buteo buteo). It winters in sou<strong>the</strong>rn Africa and migrates up through <strong>the</strong> rift<br />
valley and through Eilat in <strong>the</strong> 100,000s. This is where we have seen many thousands.<br />
The rufous form is really only confusable with Long-legged Buzzard but structurally <strong>the</strong>y<br />
are very different, <strong>the</strong> latter being a much longer-winged bird with huge white patches on<br />
<strong>the</strong> bases <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> outer primaries and very large and dark carpel patches. We have<br />
xperience <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se in Eilat, Greece, Morocco and Nepal.<br />
279
12/10/2007<br />
A Steppe Buzzard was seen at Hor<strong>to</strong>n Plains on Jan 30 2004. It was a rufous bird,<br />
(probably an adult) with very small carpel patches, black primary tips and trailing edge.<br />
Pale primaries and secondaries. Chestnut underwing coverts and underbody, pale rufous<br />
tail with insignificant sub-terminal tail bar. Upperparts grey-brown. Excellent views<br />
through high powered telescope for a couple <strong>of</strong> minutes at a reasonably close range. A<br />
very typical Steppe Buzzard.<br />
Seen by our <strong>to</strong>ur group and people with experience <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> species like Ian Hodgson, Brian<br />
Short and myself. It was also seen by Amila Salgado.<br />
Possible White Pelican (Pelecanus onocrotalus)<br />
26th Jan 2004 Weerawila Tank<br />
A Pelican looking <strong>of</strong>f-white with very contrasting black primaries and secondaries flew<br />
past very high with a few s<strong>to</strong>rks. I scoped it for some time also noting a yellow bill. I<br />
called <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r birders present that I thought I had a White Pelican but nobody <strong>to</strong>ok<br />
any notice as <strong>the</strong>y were all busy with all <strong>the</strong> birds present. When eventually <strong>the</strong>y<br />
managed a look it had gone by and was flying away from us and was by now very<br />
distant.<br />
Due <strong>to</strong> its rarity in Sri Lanka I am not claiming it as a definite but should ano<strong>the</strong>r record<br />
occur this winter, <strong>the</strong>n I would say this was a White Pelican. I have seen plenty <strong>of</strong> White<br />
Pelicans before in both Europe and Africa as well as <strong>the</strong> American White. In actual fact I<br />
think I have now completed <strong>the</strong> whole Pelican family, <strong>the</strong> Spot-billed being <strong>the</strong> last".<br />
Lal de Silva sends in this information on <strong>the</strong> fauna and flora around Nuwara Eliya. "In<br />
<strong>the</strong> upper montane cloud forest <strong>the</strong> most dominant native tree species Keena<br />
(Calophyllum walkeri), is changing <strong>the</strong> color <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> leaves much more rapidly than <strong>the</strong><br />
o<strong>the</strong>r tree species. The tree is identified by <strong>the</strong> thick leafy cabbage like crown, very<br />
distinctive and can be observed in dark red, from a distance. This red flush takes place<br />
before <strong>the</strong> commencement <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> flowering season.<br />
At St Andrews Hotel garden Maharath Mal (Rhododendran aberorum) is in bloom and<br />
<strong>the</strong> blooms are <strong>of</strong> dark bright red in colour. This luxuriant native tree species dominating<br />
<strong>the</strong> rolling mountain grasslands at Hor<strong>to</strong>n Plains National park is also blooming and a<br />
very pretty sight <strong>to</strong> observe during this period <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> year.<br />
The newly created wetland reserve at St Andrews Hotel, <strong>the</strong> Wal Dunkola or Wil<br />
Tobacco (Lobelia nicotianifolia) has begun flowering.The flower is two <strong>to</strong> three meters<br />
in height from <strong>the</strong> ground, a dark purple and pinkish mixture colored inflorescence. The<br />
individual flowers are clustered and compacted <strong>to</strong> form a lonf flowering peduncle. The<br />
endemic Sri Lanka White-eye and bees are regulalry observed drinking <strong>the</strong> fine nectar<br />
from this flower.<br />
The population <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Cattle Egrets has increased <strong>to</strong> a greater extent in <strong>the</strong> wetland areas<br />
<strong>of</strong> Lake Gregory. The Little Cormorant flocks are busy nesting among <strong>the</strong> Cypresuss<br />
280
12/10/2007<br />
papirus growing in <strong>the</strong> little islands <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lake and <strong>the</strong> Little Grebe flocks are also busy<br />
collecting water weeds for nesting.<br />
25 Jan 04 -Around 2.45pm, a pair <strong>of</strong> White-bellied Sea Eagle confronting a Brahminy<br />
Kite was observed above Lake Gregory.<br />
02-Feb-04 Walked on St Andrews Nature Trail with Mr. and Mrs. R.C. Rin<strong>to</strong>ul. Around<br />
4.30 p.m. five <strong>to</strong> six Sri Lanka Bush Warblers were feeding on <strong>the</strong> ground in thick<br />
mountain Bamboo (Oclandra bamboosa) patch.<br />
03-Feb-04 At Vic<strong>to</strong>ria park most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> under growth plant species are cleared which is<br />
an obstacle <strong>to</strong> observe most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> rare migrant birds, mostly Indian Blue Robin, Pied<br />
Thrush, Kashmir Flycatcher and Indian Pita, on a small un-cleared habitat at <strong>the</strong> far end<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> park an Indian Pita and a Kashmir Flycatcher were observed.<br />
04-Feb-04 On our way <strong>to</strong> Hor<strong>to</strong>n Plains around 5.15 a.m., about two kilometers ahead <strong>of</strong><br />
Ambewella Lives<strong>to</strong>ck Farm a fully-grown Civet Cat crossed <strong>the</strong> road, glanced at <strong>the</strong><br />
vehicle with his sparkling eyes from <strong>the</strong> grass land and vanished in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> forest.<br />
We reached Arrenga Pool at 6.00 a.m. and spent about half an hour listening <strong>to</strong> Sri Lanka<br />
Whistling Thrush calls. Later our attention was drawn <strong>to</strong>wards calls nearby and a pair <strong>of</strong><br />
this endangered bird species was observed with in two <strong>to</strong> three meters on <strong>the</strong> grass patch<br />
near <strong>the</strong> pool. A pair <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka Woodpigeon was seen feeding on berries <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Kudu<br />
Dawula tree (Neolitsea fuscata)".<br />
Vernon Tissera sends in this report. "I was at Uda Walawa, 1st Feb -4th morning.<br />
Saw a White Wagtail at <strong>the</strong> new tank spill (Gal-Amuna). Also quite a few Yellow<br />
Wagtails".<br />
There were quite a few Elephants in musth. One <strong>to</strong>ppled a van,which had <strong>to</strong> be <strong>to</strong>wed<br />
away while <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r pushed a double cab in<strong>to</strong> a drain resulting in <strong>the</strong> front and rear<br />
wheels <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> right hand side being in <strong>the</strong> air.<br />
Wicky Wickremasinghe (<strong>Jetwing</strong> Eco) on <strong>to</strong>ur with Mr & Mrs Eric Lott and David<br />
Lilley observed a Western Reef Egret and Ruff at Bundala on 29 January 2004. On 2nd<br />
Feb 2004, at St Andrews Hotel in Nuwara Eliya <strong>the</strong>y had an Indian Blue Robin, Kashmir<br />
Flycatcher and a Blyth's Reed Warbelr in <strong>the</strong> gardens <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> hotel.<br />
Charles Santiapillai I had a very fruitful time in <strong>the</strong> north doing a survey <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
Thondamanaru Lagoon in <strong>the</strong> Jaffna peninsula. He writes, " Believe it or not, we came<br />
across crocodiles. They were thought <strong>to</strong> be locally extinct for several decades, but given<br />
<strong>the</strong> 18-years <strong>of</strong> armed conflict and <strong>the</strong> displacement <strong>of</strong> a huge segment <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> population<br />
from <strong>the</strong> peninsula, <strong>the</strong> crocs seem <strong>to</strong> have made a come-back! I have written about this<br />
discovery <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Crocodile Specialist Group and also sent a popular article <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sunday<br />
Times. This shows how surveys are still needed. There are extensive mangroves in <strong>the</strong><br />
281
12/10/2007<br />
penninsula, which are rich in bird life. I plan <strong>to</strong> get back and do a survey <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> birds in<br />
Chundikulam Sanctuary".<br />
The Ceylon Bird Club Birding News carried <strong>the</strong> folowing reports.<br />
"Upali Ekanayake reports<br />
- a Black Drongo at Bundala NP on 10 Jan, near <strong>the</strong> White-bellied Sea<br />
Eagle nest between <strong>the</strong> main road and <strong>the</strong> lagoon.<br />
- a Caspian Plover at Kalametiya Sanctuary on Jan 10, in <strong>the</strong> water body<br />
on <strong>the</strong> same side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> road as <strong>the</strong> DWLC quarters and about ¼ km<br />
beyond it.<br />
- a female Emerald Cuckoo at Sigiriya at 5.30 p.m on 17 Jan, in <strong>the</strong> fig tree<br />
below <strong>the</strong> bund <strong>of</strong> Sigiriya Tank by <strong>the</strong> path <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Inner Moat, <strong>the</strong> second<br />
record <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> species in Sri Lanka, <strong>the</strong> first being in 1776.<br />
- two Grey Drongos at Sigiriya on 18 Jan, in a tall tree in an open area by<br />
Sigiriya Tank on its catchment side.<br />
- a first-winter male Blue Rock Thrush at Sigiriya on 18 Jan, by Cobra Hood<br />
Cave (Nai Pena Guhava).<br />
Namal Kamalgoda reports 4,500-5,000 Wigeon at Mannar on 16 <strong>to</strong> 18 Jan,<br />
in <strong>the</strong> water body between <strong>the</strong> main road and <strong>the</strong> Talladi-Vankalai road.<br />
Permission from <strong>the</strong> Talladi Army camp is needed <strong>to</strong> approach it. If in a<br />
vehicle please keep <strong>to</strong> previous tracks <strong>to</strong> avoid harm <strong>to</strong> birds' nests".<br />
Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne had Leopard sightings on 5 successive game drives in Yala<br />
between 15 - 18 January. Numerous sightings were reported from <strong>the</strong> park during his<br />
visit. The trackers also conveyed reports <strong>of</strong> sightings in <strong>the</strong> previous week <strong>of</strong> four<br />
leopards being seen <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r.<br />
On 18 Jan he found 3-4 Nepali Red-rumped Swallow sub adults, on <strong>the</strong> telephone wires<br />
in <strong>the</strong> Palatupana Salt Pans.This is believed <strong>to</strong> be <strong>the</strong> second confirmed record <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
species occcurence in Sri Lanka. The birds are heavily streaked underneath and pale<br />
below.<br />
On 17 Jan, one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Kota Bendi Wewa cubs was sighted on a Maliththan tree at <strong>the</strong><br />
Talgasmanakda - Gonalabbe Meda Para junction. It slept on <strong>the</strong> tree for two hours and at<br />
one time had an admiring audience <strong>of</strong> 19 vehicles. The visi<strong>to</strong>rs were well behaved and<br />
made no noise <strong>to</strong> disturb <strong>the</strong> sleeping Leopard.<br />
ARTICLES<br />
Marine Mammal Safari in Indian Ocean Waters - 8 nights on <strong>the</strong> M.V.ISIS with Dr<br />
Charles Anderson and several hundred cetaceans<br />
282
12/10/2007<br />
- Anoma Wijewardana<br />
Flying in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Maldives on a full moon night <strong>the</strong> islands lie like dark stains on a silver<br />
silk <strong>of</strong> sea. I am full <strong>of</strong> apprehension and anticipation as I replay in my mind my cruise <strong>of</strong><br />
2001 with Chas and wonder what this repeat trip will hold. The first came about thanks <strong>to</strong><br />
Rohan Pethyagoda, who alerted me <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> fact that I didn’t have <strong>to</strong> go as far as Florida <strong>to</strong><br />
realise a long held dream.<br />
However, it is soothing <strong>to</strong> reflect on <strong>the</strong> many hues <strong>of</strong> indigo, aqua and turquoise <strong>to</strong>nes <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> ocean, hear and smell <strong>the</strong> deep sea, feel <strong>the</strong> salt wind on one's skin and relax in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
rocking <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> gentle swell.<br />
Chas spots a silver streak ahead and we change course <strong>to</strong> pursue it and come upon a<br />
whirling swirling dervish exuberance <strong>of</strong> Spinner Dolphins leaping several feet, twisting<br />
and turning and splashing and as we approach <strong>the</strong>m <strong>the</strong>y join us <strong>to</strong> bowride and thrill. I<br />
think <strong>the</strong>y are my favourite as I love <strong>the</strong>ir high spinning leaps and pale slim bodies with<br />
<strong>the</strong> three part colour pattern. After some considerable time in <strong>the</strong>ir exhilarating company<br />
we reluctantly head for our anchorage and take <strong>the</strong> launch for our evening snorkel on <strong>the</strong><br />
reef, encountering a Porcupine Fish amongst <strong>the</strong> many hued Parrot, Trigger and Fusilier<br />
Fish. The colour combinations are a designer’s delight, ranging as <strong>the</strong>y do from<br />
restrained and subtly elegant <strong>to</strong> neon, bizarre and brilliant. The plank<strong>to</strong>n glow like blue<br />
sapphire drops. We return for yet ano<strong>the</strong>r swim <strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong> back <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Isis, sunset drinks on<br />
<strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>p deck and <strong>the</strong> evening slide lecture on Risso's, Bottlenose (Tursiops spp) and<br />
Spinner Dolphins. Crash out exhausted on <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>p deck after a huge dinner and enjoy <strong>the</strong><br />
Milky Way.<br />
Next morning at 7.30 those <strong>of</strong> us who aren’t jetlagging leap in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> launch and head out<br />
<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> channel and see Spinners even before we get our masks on, and as we plunge in <strong>to</strong><br />
join <strong>the</strong>m we are privileged <strong>to</strong> watch as close as 8 metres away several pods dive and<br />
regroup and enjoy after a night <strong>of</strong> feeding. Watching <strong>the</strong>m blow bubble rings which <strong>the</strong>n<br />
rose up and enveloped us was a quite marvellous start <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> day which went on <strong>to</strong><br />
include still more Spinners bowriding and a Swinhoe's S<strong>to</strong>rm Petrel(Oceanodroma<br />
monorhis), Saunder's Little Tern (Sterna saundersi), and Brown and Lesser Noddies<br />
(Anous s<strong>to</strong>lidus and Anous tenuirostris) which ornithologist Graham Tucker particularly<br />
enjoyed!<br />
Ano<strong>the</strong>r fascinating lecture on Pan Tropical Spotted (Stenella attenuata),Striped, and<br />
Frazier's Dolphins and <strong>the</strong> Yellow Fin Tuna. After dinner we witness a massive haul <strong>of</strong><br />
around 30 Snapper and Grouper <strong>the</strong> crew bring in from <strong>the</strong>ir evening fishing trip. At<br />
breakfast I discover <strong>the</strong> Sri Lankan cook making roti's for <strong>the</strong> crew and beg one and<br />
perhaps a little sambol. It becomes an instant favourite amongst <strong>the</strong> group, all European<br />
but clearly red hot chilli pepper lovers!<br />
We leave Vaavu A<strong>to</strong>ll for a long ride crossing <strong>the</strong> Inter A<strong>to</strong>ll Sea <strong>to</strong> Dhoores A<strong>to</strong>ll<br />
accompanied by pods <strong>of</strong> bowriding Bottlenose Dolphins, dark, robust and chunky, and<br />
yet one leaps 3 metres in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> air right by us. We s<strong>to</strong>p midway <strong>to</strong> swim <strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong> boat in a<br />
283
12/10/2007<br />
1,000 feet (300 metres) <strong>of</strong> deepest azure blue sea with <strong>the</strong> midday rays slanting in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
clear water. Lazily scanning after lunch we see a large group <strong>of</strong> 20-30 Short-finned Pilot<br />
Whales (Globicephala macrorhynchus) and spend over an hour with <strong>the</strong>m. Despite<br />
several calves being with <strong>the</strong>m and <strong>the</strong>y come close enough <strong>to</strong> see <strong>the</strong>ir single blowholes<br />
and <strong>the</strong> sleek charcoal <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir bodies. We are all silenced and awe-struck by <strong>the</strong>ir grace<br />
and majesty, and <strong>the</strong> soothing whoosh <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir blows. I hark back <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> previous trip<br />
where <strong>the</strong>y surrounded <strong>the</strong> boat and were calling and singing like <strong>the</strong> Sirens <strong>of</strong> Greek<br />
mythology, or so it seemed <strong>to</strong> us, and Chas decided that we could slip in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> very calm<br />
silky water with <strong>the</strong>m. A memorable and magical moment. No wonder Mark Carwadine<br />
returns yearly. I wish I could.<br />
Snorkelling, sunset drinks and a lecture on Pilot, Melon Headed, False Killer (Pseudorca<br />
crassidens) and Killer Whales before a curry dinner and an impromptu lecture on stars as<br />
we lie on our backs tracing Orion, Sirius and Mars on <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>p deck replete with good<br />
sightings, food, convivial and very amusing company. Ano<strong>the</strong>r day brings Risso's<br />
Dolphins gentle and unhurried, keeping <strong>the</strong>ir distance with a tiny calf, but one could<br />
clearly pick out <strong>the</strong>ir numerous white scars. Later we encounter around 40 Spinners<br />
cartwheeling flashily after our morning visit <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> fishing island Rimbudhoo. Lecture on<br />
Bryde's, Sperm, Blue and Humpback Whales given with Chas's usual wit and humour<br />
making this subject accessible <strong>to</strong> us laymen and non-scientists.<br />
A few mornings some <strong>of</strong> us manage <strong>to</strong> do Yoga and Tai Chi on <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>p deck before<br />
snorkelling and this morning I see a Dorado Fish. Just as well as this turns out <strong>to</strong> be one<br />
<strong>of</strong> those days we have all experienced in <strong>the</strong> jungle where nature seems devoid <strong>of</strong> any<br />
creature. The wind gusts up and <strong>the</strong> swell and white caps make it difficult <strong>to</strong> spot<br />
anything. No blows, no splashes, no logging. As 12 binoculars scan <strong>the</strong> horizon <strong>the</strong><br />
frustration and disappointment builds up till Rene gently reminds us that this is Nature,<br />
not Entertainment. We retrieve <strong>the</strong> day by enjoying a lovely beach barbecue on <strong>the</strong><br />
uninhabited little island <strong>of</strong> Dhiggaa in Ari A<strong>to</strong>ll, and just appreciating <strong>the</strong> healing<br />
qualities <strong>of</strong> blue and discovering Phosphorescence in <strong>the</strong> sparkling sea. Stars above, stars<br />
below, we are truly blessed. We lie on <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>p deck yet again and are treated <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> most<br />
enthralling lecture on A<strong>to</strong>lls and <strong>the</strong> earth’s movements several million years ago.<br />
To make up for <strong>the</strong> drought, on <strong>the</strong> following day we disturb around 30 False Killer<br />
Whales pack hunting a Sailfish who is clearly injured and I am <strong>to</strong>rn between wanting <strong>to</strong><br />
save <strong>the</strong> fish and witness a kill but he recovers enough <strong>to</strong> drop his ashen sail and show <strong>of</strong>f<br />
his beautiful blue body before diving <strong>to</strong> safety. Its very exciting indeed <strong>to</strong> be able <strong>to</strong><br />
watch for so long, perhaps an hour and a half, a hunt such as this. Some lively Pantropical<br />
Spotted Dolphins displaying <strong>the</strong>ir pale face patch visiting us <strong>to</strong> bowride and play in <strong>the</strong><br />
wake. Later in <strong>the</strong> day while snorkelling we see a Hawksbill Turtle and Napolean<br />
Wrasse, dash back on board <strong>to</strong> change and go onshore <strong>to</strong> Nika Resort for sunset cocktails<br />
and I overindulge with a Golden Volcanoe and a Margharita!<br />
The next morning I discover <strong>the</strong> best antidote for a hangover - Manta Rays! We are<br />
amazed <strong>to</strong> swim as close as 2 metres <strong>to</strong> around 20 <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m. I got so close I thought I<br />
would end up, along with <strong>the</strong> plank<strong>to</strong>n, inside his open jaw and back pedalled furiously<br />
284
12/10/2007<br />
while clicking away. Over 6' across and moving elegantly and stealthily <strong>the</strong>y are utterly<br />
mesmerising, and we leaped in and out <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> launch 5 times in our pursuit <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> thrill <strong>of</strong><br />
being with <strong>the</strong>m. They seemed <strong>to</strong> sanction, even enjoy our company! Later on in <strong>the</strong> day<br />
we have difficulty identifying some Risso's due <strong>to</strong> uncharacteristically boisterous<br />
behaviour and are reminded that its St Valentines day and so why not an orgy <strong>of</strong><br />
Risso's!!!<br />
At teatime we have a surprise - a cake <strong>to</strong> celebrate Joan's birthday and mine which falls<br />
this month, and <strong>the</strong>re is not a little sadness that we must all go our separate ways. A<br />
lecture on Rough Too<strong>the</strong>d Dolphins, Dwarf Sperm Whales and <strong>the</strong> Beaked Whales,<br />
which I remember seeing on <strong>the</strong> previous trip. Chas treats us <strong>to</strong> his pho<strong>to</strong>graphs <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
very rare Longman's Beaked Whale and details <strong>of</strong> his research. Its our last night and we<br />
have a grand dinner <strong>of</strong> curry, baked fish and various deserts and dance with <strong>the</strong> crew on<br />
deck, ending somewhat abruptly with Graham's blood sacrifice drama. Needless <strong>to</strong> say<br />
<strong>the</strong> next mornings snorkelling brought both a White Tipped and a Black Tipped Shark,<br />
quite benign in <strong>the</strong>ir behaviour. I was far more disturbed by <strong>the</strong> huge hideous Moray Eel!<br />
On <strong>the</strong> 2001 trip I had seen 9 different species <strong>of</strong> cetacean and while this time <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>tal<br />
was only 6 I did enjoy 32 sightings, recorded 18 species <strong>of</strong> birds, snorkelled with<br />
Spinners and Manta Ray and witnessed <strong>the</strong> False Killer Whales hunt a Sailfish; and met<br />
some interesting and amusing people.<br />
As we return <strong>to</strong> Male and our last acrobatic Spinners I reflect on how cleansing, soothing<br />
and energising it has been and how seductive <strong>the</strong>se cetaceans are and how subtly we<br />
seem <strong>to</strong> absorb <strong>the</strong>ir sense <strong>of</strong> harmony, <strong>the</strong>ir exuberance, <strong>the</strong>ir sheer unadulterated joy<br />
and serenity. I have <strong>to</strong> admit however, that I am not adjusting well <strong>to</strong> being back on dry<br />
land!<br />
Forest Gardens (Home Gardens)<br />
- Dhammithra Samarasinghe<br />
In Sri Lanka forest gardens have been a dominant form <strong>of</strong> land use for centuries. Agro<br />
forestry systems similar <strong>to</strong> this form are known throughout <strong>the</strong> tropics. Home gardens<br />
make a substantial contribution <strong>to</strong> agricultural production and it is estimated that <strong>the</strong>re are<br />
now a <strong>to</strong>tal <strong>of</strong> around 1.33 million home gardens in Sri Lanka accounting for about<br />
3, 67,800 ha <strong>of</strong> cultivated land. The mix <strong>of</strong> crops varies according <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> climate, with <strong>the</strong><br />
widest range <strong>of</strong> crops found in <strong>the</strong> wet and intermediate zones. Fully developed home<br />
gardens afford excellent conservation possibilities similar <strong>to</strong> those <strong>of</strong> a natural forest and<br />
are considered as important sites for in-situ conservation <strong>of</strong> crop germ plasm.<br />
The structure <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> home garden is multi-s<strong>to</strong>rey. However, <strong>the</strong> appearance varies in<br />
relation <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> practices <strong>of</strong> individual farmer such as weeding, pruning, fencing and<br />
digging etc. Generally, a canopy (20m) with large fruit and timber producing trees, a subcanopy<br />
(10m) with medium sized fruit and spice trees, and a shrub/herb layer (2m) with<br />
285
12/10/2007<br />
plantation crops can be clearly identified, although all <strong>the</strong>se layers may not present in<br />
every home garden.<br />
Forest gardens produce a wide variety <strong>of</strong> agricultural crops, food, fuel wood, timber,<br />
medicinal plants and fruit trees in multi-s<strong>to</strong>rey arrangements. Common fruit trees are<br />
Banana, Avocado, Mangosteen, Rambutan and Durian. Teak and Jak are good timber<br />
trees. The main food trees are Jak, Coconut and Breadfruit. Jak fruit is a basic<br />
carbohydrate component <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> villager’s diet. Some home gardens are larger farming<br />
systems which may also include rice fields, vegetable fields and plantation crops such as<br />
tea and c<strong>of</strong>fee. Spice gardens are a special form <strong>of</strong> home gardens where you find shrubs<br />
and trees <strong>of</strong> varying heights, dominating as a mixed cropping system. This kind is largely<br />
seen in intermediate zone and is mainly composed <strong>of</strong> perennial spices such as Pepper,<br />
Cloves, Cardamom and Nutmeg. Gliricidia is grown as a host plant <strong>to</strong> facilitate <strong>the</strong><br />
growth <strong>of</strong> pepper vines and also as a source <strong>of</strong> soil enrichment. Also villages collect<br />
vegetable crops like Gotukola from <strong>the</strong> ground cover <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> home gardens. Sugar Palm or<br />
Kitthul tree provides honey, Juggery (a crude local sugar) and <strong>to</strong>ddy (an excellent local<br />
brew) made out from <strong>the</strong> sap <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> flower. Households ga<strong>the</strong>r 75 -100 percent <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir<br />
firewood from <strong>the</strong>ir gardens.<br />
Home gardens are important faunal habitats providing animals with feeding and nesting<br />
sites. The high species richness <strong>of</strong> birds and butterflies in home gardens bares direct<br />
testimony <strong>to</strong> this.<br />
Today however, only those categorised as forest gardens or <strong>the</strong> typical home gardens in<br />
<strong>the</strong> districts <strong>of</strong> Kandy, Matale, Kegalle and Kurunegala are worthy <strong>of</strong> being recognised as<br />
such, and even <strong>the</strong>se are now known <strong>to</strong> be dwindling due <strong>to</strong> land fragmentation caused by<br />
<strong>the</strong> rapidly changing socio-economic conditions in <strong>the</strong>se areas.<br />
Sri Lanka’s endemic birds: how many species?<br />
- Ashoka Yapa<br />
I still recall <strong>the</strong> frisson <strong>of</strong> excitement that buzzed through me when, as a boy, I peered at a<br />
disturbance a<strong>to</strong>p a grove <strong>of</strong> tall trees beside Tanamalwila Resthouse. There, I saw a party<br />
<strong>of</strong> Red-faced Malkohas. There was no mistaking <strong>the</strong>m. Plate 14 <strong>of</strong> G.M. Henry’s bible<br />
was writ large in front <strong>of</strong> my eyes! Big, noisy, and ungainly, but beautiful! These were<br />
not <strong>the</strong> first endemics on my list but, surely, <strong>the</strong>se were <strong>the</strong> rarest birds I had ever seen or<br />
ever would see. Yes, <strong>the</strong>y were rare even <strong>the</strong>n, in <strong>the</strong> 1960s.<br />
The number <strong>of</strong> species <strong>of</strong> endemic birds in Sri Lanka has long stirred disagreement.<br />
‘Splitters’ and ‘lumpers’ can go hammer and <strong>to</strong>ngs over <strong>the</strong> subject. Morphological<br />
characters such as colour differences, beak length, fea<strong>the</strong>r dimensions, and vocalizations,<br />
amongst o<strong>the</strong>r things, have been <strong>the</strong> traditional criteria for delineating species<br />
distinctness. Some authorities have stated that <strong>the</strong>re are 23 endemic bird species in <strong>the</strong><br />
island whereas o<strong>the</strong>rs have put <strong>the</strong> number at 26; a definitive answer will be elusive<br />
because <strong>of</strong> advancing science and constant debate.<br />
286
12/10/2007<br />
In any event, we will soon have more endemic species gracing Sri Lanka’s fair land. An<br />
article in <strong>the</strong> latest Bulletin <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Oriental Bird Club (38, Dec. 2003) written by Dr.<br />
Nigel Collar <strong>of</strong> Cambridge University posits that <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> bird species in South<br />
Asia is significantly underestimated. He compared subspecies numbers <strong>of</strong> bird families<br />
that occupy similar ecological niches in <strong>the</strong> Americas and in sou<strong>the</strong>rn Asia and concluded<br />
that <strong>the</strong>re was an 8 % disparity. This is for sure a “flawed, flimsy” methodology, as <strong>the</strong><br />
author himself admits, and certainly unscientific, but <strong>the</strong> point <strong>to</strong> be made is that avian<br />
taxonomy in Asia may have suffered from a particularly conservative approach compared<br />
<strong>to</strong> that in <strong>the</strong> Americas. As Dr. Collar says, “species limits…may have been established<br />
on relatively weak authority”.<br />
An upcoming book, yes ano<strong>the</strong>r (and most welcome!) volume on <strong>the</strong> now-richly<br />
endowed ornithology <strong>of</strong> South Asia, ‘Birds <strong>of</strong> South Asia: The Ripley Guide’ by Pamela<br />
Rasmussen and John Ander<strong>to</strong>n will <strong>of</strong>fer a corrective. The word is that some <strong>of</strong> Sri<br />
Lanka’s subspecies will be elevated <strong>to</strong> full species status. This will be based on rigorous<br />
studies by Dr. Rasmussen <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> behaviour, voice, geographical isolation, morphology,<br />
and genetic analysis, amongst o<strong>the</strong>r criteria, <strong>of</strong> ‘subspecies’ in <strong>the</strong> island. I suspect that<br />
related Indian ‘subspecies’ will also be upgraded <strong>to</strong> species status.<br />
It will be interesting <strong>to</strong> observe <strong>the</strong> results <strong>of</strong> a revision <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka’s avian taxonomy.<br />
There will be conservation consequences for sure because we may have new species, not<br />
merely subspecific forms <strong>of</strong> Indian birds, that occupy small and vulnerable habitats.<br />
Upcountry habitats and <strong>the</strong> southwestern forests are <strong>the</strong> most likely areas <strong>to</strong> contain new<br />
species. Eco<strong>to</strong>urism will also get a boost as naturalists come <strong>to</strong> view <strong>the</strong> ‘new’ species<br />
amongst an enriched avifauna. A friend <strong>of</strong> mine from Hong Kong has already alluded <strong>to</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> prospect. For once, <strong>the</strong> Red-faced Malkohas, those cacophonous comics <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
canopy, may be overshadowed as species-listers from all over <strong>the</strong> globe eagerly search<br />
for our newly minted species!<br />
Natural His<strong>to</strong>ry Report from Yala Safari Game Lodge for <strong>the</strong> Month <strong>of</strong> December<br />
2003.<br />
- Chandra Jayawardena, Nilantha Kodituwakku and Nadeera Weerasinghe<br />
Leopards<br />
35 encounters involving 43 leopards, in 15 days, <strong>the</strong>se sightings were evenly distributed<br />
through out <strong>the</strong> park.<br />
Bears<br />
11 encounters involving 12 bears in 08 days, sightings were evenly distributed through<br />
out <strong>the</strong> park.<br />
Tuskers<br />
10 encounters involving 10 tuskers in 07 days, sightings were evenly distributed through<br />
out <strong>the</strong> park<br />
(The sightings include multiple sightings <strong>of</strong> individual animals).<br />
287
12/10/2007<br />
Birds<br />
The diversity <strong>of</strong> migra<strong>to</strong>ry bird species was high, <strong>to</strong>taling a number <strong>of</strong> species at 52,<br />
when compared with <strong>the</strong> 41 migra<strong>to</strong>ry species recorded in November 2003. Among <strong>the</strong><br />
interesting sightings <strong>the</strong> European Bee-eaters were recorded twice in <strong>the</strong> park and <strong>the</strong><br />
Great Knot and <strong>the</strong> Red-necked Phalarope, single sightings each at <strong>the</strong> Palatupana. A<br />
guest <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> hotel, location unknown, had recorded sighting <strong>of</strong> a Glossy Ibis. Among <strong>the</strong><br />
forest birds <strong>the</strong> Rosy Starlings appeared <strong>to</strong> be in fairly large flocks and <strong>the</strong> Philippine and<br />
Brown Shrikes were sighted in <strong>the</strong> park and in <strong>the</strong> environs frequently. Among <strong>the</strong> local<br />
birds <strong>the</strong> Malarbar-pied Hornbills were seen frequently in flocks <strong>of</strong> 8 <strong>to</strong> 10 birds<br />
Flora<br />
During <strong>the</strong> month <strong>of</strong> December, a <strong>to</strong>tal number <strong>of</strong> 69 plant species that were identified<br />
were observed in flowering and fruiting. Of which 35 plant species were in bloom, when<br />
compared with 44 plant species in November, when compared with 11 plant species in<br />
fruiting in November, in December it was 17 plant species and in both months 17 species<br />
were in flowering and fruiting.<br />
Wea<strong>the</strong>r<br />
The area did not experience <strong>the</strong> expected amount <strong>of</strong> rainfall as in <strong>the</strong> previous year and as<br />
a result <strong>the</strong> lagoon did not accumulate enough water <strong>to</strong> force <strong>the</strong> sand bar open in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
sea<br />
NEW BOOKS<br />
Some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> following details are from <strong>the</strong> publisher's press releases.<br />
Orchids <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka A Conservationists Companion. A Simplified Guide <strong>to</strong><br />
Identification. Volume 1. The protected orchids and selected similar species. Authored by<br />
Malik Fernando, Siril Wijesundera and Suranjan Fernando. Published by IUCN Sri<br />
Lanka. 147 pages with colour pho<strong>to</strong>graphs and illustrations and line drawings. 50 Species<br />
are illustrated in and described in a field guide format. ISBN 955 - 8177-23-7<br />
This is a wonderful book BUT copies are not presently available for sale as <strong>the</strong> Guide<br />
was published primarily <strong>to</strong> support law enforcement, and <strong>the</strong> copies have thus been<br />
distributed <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> relevant agencies. However those with an interest in <strong>the</strong> conservation or<br />
<strong>the</strong> study <strong>of</strong> orchids may contact IUCN (Charmalie/Dihan on 94 11 + 2682418/2694094)<br />
or refer <strong>to</strong> a copy in <strong>the</strong> IUCN library (opening times: 9 a.m. - 5 p.m. Monday <strong>to</strong> Friday)<br />
at 53 Hor<strong>to</strong>n Place, Colombo 7. Based on <strong>the</strong> degree <strong>of</strong> public interest, <strong>the</strong>re may <strong>the</strong>n be<br />
a case for a reprint.<br />
Field Guide <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Birds <strong>of</strong> Nor<strong>the</strong>rn India by Richard Grimmett, Tim Inskipp ISBN<br />
0713651679. 304 pages. 216x135 mm. Illustrations 120 colour plates..<br />
The successor <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> much acclaimed Birds <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Indian Subcontinent by <strong>the</strong> same<br />
authors. Covering just nor<strong>the</strong>rn India, <strong>the</strong> superb plates are accompanied by a succinct<br />
text highlighting identification, voice, habitat, altitudinal range, distribution and status.<br />
288
12/10/2007<br />
The text is on facing pages <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> plates, for easy reference. As with previous titles<br />
covering Bhutan and Nepal, this guide is a perfect size for use in <strong>the</strong> field and will be an<br />
essential companion when visiting this region.<br />
Whose Bird? Men and Women Commemorated in <strong>the</strong> Common Names <strong>of</strong> Birds by<br />
Bo Beolens, Michael Watkins. ISBN 0713666471. Paperback 400 pages. 216x135 mm.<br />
Illustrations b/w pho<strong>to</strong>graphs, line drawings. Foreword by Ben Schott<br />
Was Bonaparte’s Gull named after Napoleon? Was Pallas’ Warbler discovered by <strong>the</strong><br />
same individual who discovered Pallas’s Sandgrouse, and if so did he discover <strong>the</strong> two<br />
birds at <strong>the</strong> same time on <strong>the</strong> same journey? Whose Bird? answers <strong>the</strong>se questions and<br />
many more by presenting a potted biography <strong>of</strong> every individual whose name is<br />
commemorated in a species <strong>of</strong> bird. 2,235 birds and 1,124 individuals are covered. This is<br />
a wonderful and engaging reference, illustrated throughout with portraits <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
individuals concerned.<br />
Birds <strong>of</strong> Belize by H. Lee Jones. Helm Field Guides ISBN 0713667605 Format<br />
Paperback 484 pages. 282 x 152 mm. Illustrations 56 colour plates, 234 maps, 28 B/W<br />
illustrations.<br />
Central America is a wonderful birding area, supporting a rich and diverse avifauna.<br />
Belize is one <strong>of</strong> its more accessible and <strong>to</strong>urist-friendly countries, beginning <strong>to</strong> rival<br />
Costa Rica as <strong>the</strong> most popular Central American birding destination <strong>of</strong> all.<br />
The colour distribution maps indicate <strong>the</strong> range <strong>of</strong> breeding and visiting species. This is<br />
<strong>the</strong> first guide ever published <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> birds <strong>of</strong> Belize, and will be a vital aid <strong>to</strong> all those<br />
birdwatching in this spectacular country.<br />
<strong>Jetwing</strong> Pho<strong>to</strong>graphic Guides for Dragonflies and Butterflies<br />
These booklets precede work underway on a larger book which will combine birds,<br />
butterflies and dragonflies. The format <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> booklets is <strong>to</strong> depict a selection <strong>of</strong> species<br />
<strong>to</strong> facilitate easy reference and identification in <strong>the</strong> field. The booklet on Dragonflies is<br />
an important publication as it represents <strong>the</strong> first step, <strong>to</strong> produce a guide for field work.<br />
It has 88 images representing 65 species. Dragonflies and Damselflies are not easy <strong>to</strong><br />
identify in <strong>the</strong> field and a fuller book will be published in due course which has<br />
accompanying text. The butterfly booklet has 63 images depicting 62 species. They will<br />
be available at leading bookshops with an expected retail price <strong>of</strong> around Rs 100.<br />
The two booklets are produced by Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne who has drawn on <strong>the</strong><br />
technical expertise <strong>of</strong> Michael and Nancy van der Poorten on <strong>the</strong> butterflies and Matjaz<br />
Bedjanic and Karen Coniff on <strong>the</strong> Dragonflies. The pho<strong>to</strong>graphy has been undertaken<br />
principally by Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne for <strong>the</strong> butterflies and shared with Matjaz<br />
Bedjanic for <strong>the</strong> Dragonflies. Bedjanic is a researcher with <strong>the</strong> Slovenian Institute <strong>of</strong><br />
Conservation and <strong>the</strong> van der Poorten's are resident in Canada.<br />
289
12/10/2007<br />
The Butterfly and <strong>the</strong> Dragonfly booklet were re-printed in February 2004.<br />
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
SRI LANKA WILDLIFE NEWS is a monthly e-mail <strong>of</strong> birding and wildlife events,<br />
sightings and short notes <strong>of</strong> interest <strong>to</strong> birders, pho<strong>to</strong>graphers, conservationists etc. To<br />
receive a copy, please e-mail gehan@jetwing.lk with "Subscribe Wildlife News" in <strong>the</strong><br />
subject header. SLWN values your privacy, <strong>to</strong> be removed, e-mail with “Unsubscribe<br />
Wildlife News” in <strong>the</strong> header. Please e-mail your sightings, events etc <strong>to</strong><br />
gehan@jetwing.lk. The media are welcome <strong>to</strong> extract details, but please attribute <strong>the</strong><br />
source. Past issues are on www.jetwingeco.com<br />
DECEMBER 2003<br />
290<br />
SRI LANKA WILDLIFE NEWS (December 2003)<br />
- a monthly compilation by Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne (21/01/2004)<br />
HIGHLIGHTS<br />
[*] Uditha Wijesena visits Meemure in <strong>the</strong> Knuckles Area. See Trip Reports/Articles.<br />
[*] Hasantha Lokugamage on <strong>the</strong> Rainforests <strong>of</strong> Galle<br />
[*] Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne heralds <strong>the</strong> New Year in Yala. See Trip Reports/Articles.<br />
[*] Hotel Tree <strong>of</strong> Life, <strong>the</strong> best chance in Sri Lanka for <strong>the</strong> Grey Flying Squirrell.<br />
[*] Spoonbill wins Rs.100, 000 (Approx USD 1,000) <strong>to</strong>p prize in Nature Pho<strong>to</strong>grapher<br />
2003. See Press Releases.<br />
[*] New books from Helm include a Field Guide <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Birds <strong>of</strong> Nor<strong>the</strong>rn India.<br />
EVENTS SUMMARY<br />
Sunday 25 January, Lecture series on birds for beginners. 9.30 am - 12.00. NBLT,<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Colombo, Colombo 3. Field Ornithology Group <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka Lecture<br />
Series.<br />
20 - 22 February 2004 Nature Camp 2004 at <strong>the</strong> Uda Walawe National Park and <strong>the</strong><br />
International Center for <strong>the</strong> Training <strong>of</strong> Rural Leaders, Embilipitiya. Organised by <strong>the</strong><br />
Institute <strong>of</strong> Sri Lankan Pho<strong>to</strong>graphers (ISLP). Rs 4,000 for non ISLP members (Sri<br />
Lankan rate). Lectures, slide shows and 2 game drives for pho<strong>to</strong>graphy. For bookings and<br />
more details phone <strong>the</strong> ISLP on 011 2580933.<br />
Thursday 15 April 2004 Course on <strong>the</strong> Plant & Animal Kingdoms (11 Days)<br />
Dr. Janaki Galappatti and Dr. Sriyanie Miththapala will conduct an 11-day course titled<br />
‘An overview <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> plant and animal kingdoms’ from Thursday April 15 th 2004 onwards,<br />
from 9 a.m. <strong>to</strong> 4 p.m. This course is targeted at GCE OL and AL students, and specially
12/10/2007<br />
at students who have just finished <strong>the</strong>ir GCE Ordinary Level examination, are deeply<br />
interested in biology and are looking for something challenging.<br />
The course will give students a good overview <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> evolution and diversity <strong>of</strong> both<br />
plants and animals, and will range from <strong>the</strong> basics <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> five-kingdom classification and<br />
<strong>the</strong> primordial soup, <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> evolution <strong>of</strong> humans. It will include three, day field trips,<br />
hands-on learning and multimedia presentations.<br />
Students who plan <strong>to</strong> follow Biology as a subject ei<strong>the</strong>r for Local or London A/Ls or<br />
students who have a keen interest in nature will benefit from this broad-brush overview<br />
<strong>of</strong> plants and animals. The course will be conducted in English<br />
Only a limited number <strong>of</strong> places are available. Call now for details. (2698696)<br />
BIRDING & WILDLIFE NEWS<br />
Namal Kamalgoda send in this report after a visit <strong>to</strong> Mannar (15-17 Jan). "Vankali area<br />
had plenty <strong>of</strong> ducks, consisting mainly <strong>of</strong> Wigeon and Pintail. Some Shovellers and<br />
Common Teal made up <strong>the</strong> numbers. I hope this is not a message <strong>to</strong> all <strong>the</strong> Colombo<br />
hunters <strong>to</strong> pack <strong>the</strong>ir bags and head <strong>to</strong> Mannar. Most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> best viewing is in high<br />
security zones. Three Spot-billed Ducks at Giant Tank, as was Glossy Ibis. Grey<br />
<strong>Part</strong>ridge were evident everywhere. A pair <strong>of</strong> Avocets where also present. Korakulam<br />
tank was being used as a roost by Greater Black Headed Gulls. This tank is also home <strong>to</strong><br />
crocodiles as three individuals where noted sunning <strong>the</strong>mselves. Talimannar beach was<br />
very productive with Heuglins gulls and Caspian Terns, also present were Crab Plover<br />
and Sanderling. An area <strong>of</strong> concern was <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> stray dogs on <strong>the</strong> Vankalai plains.<br />
Apparently <strong>the</strong>y form in<strong>to</strong> packs and hunt donkeys and cattle. Judging by <strong>the</strong> reactions <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> ducks, I believe <strong>the</strong>y predate <strong>the</strong>m <strong>to</strong>o. I fear that <strong>the</strong> dogs maybe taking a high <strong>to</strong>ll<br />
on <strong>the</strong> ground nesting birds. Dr. T.S.U. de Zylva, had 20 years ago observed Indian<br />
Courser breeding on <strong>the</strong> Vankalai plains, sadly <strong>the</strong>y are no ground nesting birds <strong>the</strong>re<br />
except for <strong>the</strong> occasional Red-wattled Lapwing. The Indian Courser has eluded birders in<br />
Sri-Lanka for several years and none have been reported in recent times".<br />
Wicky Wickremesekara (<strong>Jetwing</strong> Eco) on <strong>to</strong>ur with Kay and David White observed<br />
European Bee-eaters at Talgasmankada, Yala on 18 Jan. They also had 3 Leopards<br />
<strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r at Talgasmanakada.<br />
Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne had Leopard sightings on 5 successive game drives in Yala<br />
between 15 - 18 January. Numerous sightings were reported from <strong>the</strong> park during his<br />
visit. The trackers also conveyed reports <strong>of</strong> sightings in <strong>the</strong> previous week <strong>of</strong> four<br />
leopards being seen <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r.<br />
On 18 Jan he found 3-4 Nepali Red-rumped Swallow sub adults, on <strong>the</strong> telephone wires<br />
in <strong>the</strong> Palatupana Salt Pans.<br />
291
12/10/2007<br />
On 17 Jan, one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Kota Bendi Wewa cubs was sighted on a Maliththan tree at <strong>the</strong><br />
Talgasmanakda - Gonalabbe Meda Para junction. It slept on <strong>the</strong> tree for two hours and at<br />
one time had an admiring audience <strong>of</strong> 19 vehicles. The visi<strong>to</strong>rs were well behaved and<br />
made no noise <strong>to</strong> disturb <strong>the</strong> sleeping Leopard.<br />
Indian Pitta, a migrant visi<strong>to</strong>r from nor<strong>the</strong>rn India paid a surprise visit <strong>to</strong><br />
Damparagahawatta, Piliyandala on 11th January. Chandrika Maelge (<strong>Jetwing</strong> Eco<br />
<strong>Holidays</strong>, reports a brief encounter with this brightly coloured bird in her home garden.<br />
Hetti (<strong>Jetwing</strong> Eco) on <strong>to</strong>ur with Elder Treks clients reports (13 Jan 2004) all 4 species <strong>of</strong><br />
parakeets at a roost near Hunas Falls Hotel. He also found a male Blue Rock Thrush in<br />
Sigiriya (9 Jan 2004).<br />
Amila Salgado (<strong>Jetwing</strong> Eco) visiting Bodhinagala on 7 Jan reports excellent views <strong>of</strong><br />
Chestnut-backed Owlet and Green-billed Coucal. On 11 Jan at Talangama Tank he<br />
reports Black and Yellow Bitterns. On 12 at Sinharaja among many things he reports<br />
Red-faced Malkoha, Sri Lanka Blue Magpie, Spot-winged Thrush & Ashy-headed<br />
Laughing Thrush.<br />
Ajantha Palihawadane from Rainforest Rescue International reports Malabar Trogon,<br />
Spot-winged Thrush, Grey Hornbill, male Sri Lankan Frogmouth and Lorikeet from <strong>the</strong><br />
South <strong>of</strong> Sinharaja on <strong>the</strong> 10th <strong>of</strong> December 2003. Ajantha Palihawadana also reports<br />
from Kothmale on <strong>the</strong> 26st <strong>of</strong> December, a colony <strong>of</strong> Java Sparrow (Padda oryzivora).<br />
Johan Tornvall visited Kobonilla, Knuckles on Dec 20-21 and reports "I had several<br />
sightings <strong>of</strong> Black Eagle as well as one Rufous-bellied Eagle and one Booted Eagle.<br />
Plum-headed Parakeet was common here with several small groups flying around. In<br />
early morning and evening, <strong>the</strong> call <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Common Hawk Cuckoo was heard from<br />
several places".<br />
He adds "I spent two mornings at <strong>the</strong> Kalametiya wetland on Dec 28-29. Large numbers<br />
<strong>of</strong> ducks were present, mainly Garganey and Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Pintail among <strong>the</strong>m I also found 4<br />
Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Shoveller. Among <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r waterbirds 5 Yellow Bittern, 2 Black Bittern, 2<br />
Glossy Ibis, 6 Ruff and 1 Caspian Plover. Also flying around were several flocks <strong>of</strong> Rosy<br />
Starlings mixed up with Brahminy Starlings".<br />
Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne visited <strong>the</strong> Hotel Tree <strong>of</strong> Life in Kandy with his family<br />
and <strong>the</strong> families <strong>of</strong> Chanaka & Ranitha Ellawala and Suren & Deepika Kannagara (21-23<br />
December). Thanks <strong>to</strong> a tip <strong>of</strong>f by Doc<strong>to</strong>r Wimal Piyathilake, <strong>the</strong> resident Ayurveda<br />
Physician, <strong>the</strong>y had very good viewing <strong>of</strong> three Ceylon Large Flying Squirrel or Grey<br />
Flying Squirrel. The squirrels are used <strong>to</strong> people and emerge at dusk on<strong>to</strong> Albizia trees<br />
near <strong>the</strong> visiotr center. Gehan believes that <strong>the</strong> Hotel Tree <strong>of</strong> Life is your best chance in<br />
Sri Lanka <strong>to</strong> see <strong>the</strong>se elsuive animals which have not been seen my many wildlife<br />
enthusiasts.<br />
292
12/10/2007<br />
Hasantha Lokugamage (Naturalist, Lighthouse Hotel & Spa) send in a series <strong>of</strong><br />
observations from <strong>the</strong> rainforests around Galle.<br />
"From middle <strong>of</strong> September <strong>to</strong> end <strong>of</strong> November I have observed one orchid<br />
species with pink and white coloured small flowers from rock boulders in<br />
Anagimala Ella Waterfall in Kanneliya. I have identified this orchid as a Dendrobium<br />
penduratum with Ajantha Palihawadanas (Rainforest Rescue International) help. It<br />
is an endemic and rare orchid.<br />
The Flora <strong>of</strong> Ceylon, Vol. II by M.D. Dasanayeke and F.R. Frosberg, has this <strong>to</strong> say on<br />
its distribu<strong>to</strong>n. "It is on branches <strong>of</strong> trees in <strong>the</strong> submontane or mid-country<br />
tropical wet evergreen forests extending on <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> subtropical montane<br />
forests up <strong>to</strong> 1,829m alt. Ambagamuwa, Galboda, Hantane, Ramboda, Nuwara<br />
Eliya, Hakgala, Balangoda, etc".<br />
This may be <strong>the</strong> first record from this area.<br />
On 12th December, I went Kanneliya with Eva Holms (My Travel Sweden) & family.<br />
We started our walk at about 11 am from <strong>the</strong> Kanneliya Information Centre. On <strong>the</strong> road<br />
side from information centre <strong>to</strong> Anagimala Ella, we observed seven gravid females, four<br />
males and sixteen tiny little juveniles <strong>of</strong> Earless Lizard (O<strong>to</strong>cryptis wigmanii). This is<br />
may be <strong>the</strong> breeding season for <strong>the</strong>m. Also we observed <strong>the</strong> harmless Green Whip Snake<br />
(Ahetulla nasutus) from and <strong>the</strong> endemic, rare snake called Malkarawala (Balanophis<br />
ceylonensis) near <strong>the</strong> Anagimala Ella Waterfall.<br />
On 16th December, I bird watched at Hiyare with Dany and Vic<strong>to</strong>ria from <strong>the</strong><br />
UK. At 8.00am we were at near Hiyare reservoir and started our birding with Green<br />
Imperial Pigeons on <strong>the</strong> trees close <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> entrance gate. We had good views <strong>of</strong><br />
Black-capped Bulbul, Hanging Parrot, Brown-headed Barbet, Pale-billed<br />
Flowerpecker and Tickell's Blue Flycatcher. Crimson-fronted Barbet have nests in<br />
one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> trees and we saw <strong>the</strong>m feed <strong>the</strong>ir chicks. After a few minutes, two<br />
Alexandrian Parakeets flew away from <strong>the</strong> forest canopy. We heard Grey Hornbill. O<strong>the</strong>r<br />
birds seen inluded Yellow-fronted Barbet, Scarlet Minivet, Dark-fronted Babbler, Browncapped-Babbler,<br />
Emerald Dove, Red-vented Bulbul, Chestnut-headed Bee-eater, Greater<br />
Flameback, Yellow-browed Bulbul, Jerdon's Leafbird, Brown Shrike etc.<br />
On 17th December, Dany, Vic<strong>to</strong>ria and George went with me <strong>to</strong> Kanneliya with me for<br />
more birding. At about 9.00am we were at close <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Kanneliya entrance gate and we<br />
spotted a Kingfisher on <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>p <strong>of</strong> a Dipterocarpus. But we had a doubt whe<strong>the</strong>r it is<br />
White-throated Kingfisher or not. We used Danny's spotting scope and realised it was a<br />
Black-capped Kingfisher.<br />
The mammals we observed included Purple- faced Leaf Monky, Toque Monkey and<br />
Giant Squirrel.<br />
293
12/10/2007<br />
On 29th December, at about 9.00pm a juvenile Brown Hawk Owl collided in<strong>to</strong> a<br />
window pane at <strong>the</strong> Lighthouse Hotel. Due <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> accident it was concussed. I kept it<br />
covered with a cloth and moved it <strong>to</strong> a dark place. After 15 minutes, it flew away".<br />
Ceylon Bird Club Birding News (30 December 2003) reported "Kithsiri<br />
Gunawardena, Ravi Samarasinha and Palitha An<strong>to</strong>ny report that at<br />
<strong>the</strong> Mannar Causeway on both 26 and 27 Dec, 15 - 25 Crab Plovers including<br />
several young could be observed and pho<strong>to</strong>graphed at very close range from<br />
inside a vehicle between 10 a.m and 2 p.m.<br />
The Ceylon Bird Club Birding News (25 December) carried a report from Namal<br />
Kamalgoda reporting "a Scaly Thrush at Vic<strong>to</strong>ria Park, Nuwara Eliya at about 5.30 p.m<br />
on 11 Dec and a Lesser Kestrel at Hor<strong>to</strong>n Plains on 12 Dec in <strong>the</strong> large open area beyond<br />
<strong>the</strong> Dormi<strong>to</strong>ry when travelling from <strong>the</strong> Pattipola side".<br />
Johan Tornvall reports that on a visit <strong>to</strong> Navadamkulama (6 Dec) he observed just over<br />
200 Common Coot, 30 Garganey and a Yellow Bittern. In Anuradhapura (6 Dec) he<br />
found a Plaintive Cuckoo and a migrant Indian Cuckoo.<br />
Johan visited Mannar on 7 Dec and observed good numbers <strong>of</strong> waterfowl. He observed<br />
3,000 plus Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Pintail, 28 Broad-billed Sandpiper and 5 Temminck's Stints. He<br />
observed 2 Spot-billed Duck just west <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> A14/B420 junction, 50m from <strong>the</strong> road".<br />
REQUEST FOR IMAGES<br />
Dr Arun Kumar from <strong>the</strong> Zoological Survey <strong>of</strong> India send in <strong>the</strong> following request for<br />
images <strong>of</strong> Indian Waterbirds.<br />
I am a senior scientist working with Zoological Survey <strong>of</strong> India, Ministry <strong>of</strong> Environment<br />
& Forests, Govt. <strong>of</strong> India at Dehra Dun, India. I am leading a group <strong>of</strong> scientists <strong>of</strong> ZSI<br />
who are regularly working on Indian Waterbirds since last more than a decade. We have<br />
published a few papers on <strong>the</strong> subject and brought out a Field Guide on “Waterbirds <strong>of</strong><br />
Nor<strong>the</strong>rn India” in 2001, reprinted in 2002 under <strong>the</strong> auspices <strong>of</strong> Zoological Survey <strong>of</strong><br />
India. I hope you have come across this publication. We have described about 208 forms<br />
<strong>of</strong> Water and wetland dependant birds in <strong>the</strong> above handbook, which are illustrated with<br />
color paintings <strong>of</strong> each taxon for facilitating <strong>the</strong>ir identification in field.<br />
Following our recent publication <strong>of</strong> Checklist <strong>of</strong> Indian Waterbirds (comprising 309<br />
species, Bueceros, 2003) we are currently working on a “Handbook on Indian<br />
Waterbirds” (covering sea, estuarine & inland wetlands), where our efforts are <strong>to</strong> provide<br />
diagnostics, paintings and distribution map <strong>of</strong> each species. Our intention is <strong>to</strong> fur<strong>the</strong>r<br />
enhance <strong>the</strong> field value <strong>of</strong> this publication by including as many, as possible, pho<strong>to</strong>graphs<br />
<strong>of</strong> waterbirds from Indian region. As it is not possible for one person <strong>to</strong> put <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong>se<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphs I am requesting you <strong>to</strong> contribute water bird images in <strong>the</strong> handbook.<br />
Already many birders like Gehan Wijayaratne are helping me in this endeavor.<br />
294
12/10/2007<br />
Of course <strong>the</strong>se would be duly acknowledged as your contribution along with <strong>the</strong> address<br />
<strong>of</strong> your individual website.<br />
I must mention here that <strong>the</strong> proposed book would a <strong>of</strong>ficial publication <strong>of</strong> Zoological<br />
Survey <strong>of</strong> India, which would be published and printed by ZSI and would be <strong>of</strong> no<br />
financial pr<strong>of</strong>it <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> authors since <strong>the</strong> book would be sold as an <strong>of</strong>ficial Govt<br />
publication. As a matter <strong>of</strong> fact <strong>to</strong> popularize <strong>the</strong> conservation effort in <strong>the</strong> country, ZSI<br />
would subsidize <strong>the</strong> cost <strong>of</strong> publication and <strong>the</strong> Handbook would be sold at no pr<strong>of</strong>it<br />
basis.<br />
Under <strong>the</strong> circumstances I would be very thankful for your contribution in making our<br />
efforts on waterbird conservation more useful by contributing your pho<strong>to</strong>graphs. If you<br />
were willing <strong>to</strong> contribute your pho<strong>to</strong>graphs than kindly respond following which I would<br />
mail you <strong>the</strong> procedure for sending <strong>the</strong> pho<strong>to</strong>graphs. Pho<strong>to</strong>graphs from <strong>the</strong> websites<br />
cannot be used, as such for printing since <strong>the</strong>y would not give good results due <strong>to</strong> low<br />
resolution. I would request high resolution TIFF. Files. In case you are interested I would<br />
mail you <strong>the</strong> checklist <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Indian Waterbirds, which has been published by me recently<br />
(2003).<br />
List <strong>of</strong> Waterbirds from India whose pho<strong>to</strong>graphs are requested for Handbook on Indian<br />
waterbirds<br />
Divers - Black-throated Diver, Horned Grebe, Barau’s Petrel, Petrels & Shearwaters,<br />
Bulwer’s Petrel, Jouanin’s Petrel, Wedge-tailed Shearwater, * Audubon’s Shearwater, *<br />
Persian Shearwater, S<strong>to</strong>rm-Petrels, Wilson’s S<strong>to</strong>rm-Petrel, White-faced S<strong>to</strong>rm-Petrel, *<br />
Swinhoe’s S<strong>to</strong>rm Petrel, Tropicbirds, Grey-backed Tropicbird, Red-tailed Tropicbird,<br />
Boobies, Masked Booby, Frigatebirds, Great Frigatebird, Christmas Island Frigatebird,<br />
Herons, Egrets & Bitterns - Goliath Heron, White-bellied Heron, Chinese Pond-<br />
Heron, Malayan Night-Heron, Little Bittern, Great Bittern, S<strong>to</strong>rks - Black S<strong>to</strong>rk,<br />
Flamingos - Lesser Flamingo, Swans, Geese & Ducks - Large Whistling-Duck,<br />
White-headed Duck, * Tundra Swan, Bean Goose, Greater White-fronted Goose,<br />
Red-breasted Goose, Common Shelduck, White-winged Duck, Mandarin Duck,<br />
Falcated Duck, Andaman Teal, Baikal Teal, Ferruginous Pochard, Baer’s Pochard,<br />
Greater Scaup, Long-tailed Duck, Common Goldeneye, Smew, Red-breasted<br />
Merganser , Common Merganser, Rails, Crakes, Moorhens & Coots, Andaman Crake,<br />
Red-legged Crake, Slaty-legged Crake, Blue-breasted Rail, Water Rail, Corn Crake,<br />
Brown Crake, Elwes’s Crake, Little Crake, Baillon’s Crake, Spotted Crake,<br />
Finfoots - Masked Finfoot, Plovers, Dotterels & Lapwings - European Golden Plover,<br />
Black-fronted Dotterel, Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Lapwing, White-tailed Lapwing, Sandpipers, Stints,<br />
Snipes, Godwits & Curlews - Solitary Snipe, Wood Snipe, Swinhoe’s Snipe, Great<br />
Snipe, Common Snipe, Jack Snipe, Spotted Redshank, Spotted Greenshank, Longbilled<br />
Dowitcher, Asian Dowitcher, Spoonbill Sandpiper, Dunlin, Buff-breasted<br />
Sandpiper, Ibisbill, Avocets & Stilts - Ibisbill, Pied Avocet, Phalaropes, Red<br />
Phalarope, Crab-Plovers - Crab-Plover, Jagers and Skuas, * Brown Skua, * South<br />
Polar Skua, Pomarine Jaeger, Parasitic Jaeger, Gulls, Terns & Noddies - Sooty Gull,<br />
Mew Gull, * Yellow-legged Gull, Slender-billed Gull, Little Gull, River Tern,<br />
295
12/10/2007<br />
Roseate Tern, Black-naped Tern, Arctic Tern, White-cheeked Tern, Bridled Tern,<br />
Sooty Tern, White-winged Black Tern, Brown Noddy, * Black Noddy, Skimmers -<br />
Indian Skimmer, Wetland Dependent Birds - Hawks, Eagles, Kites & Harriers, Whitebellied<br />
Sea-Eagle, Lesser Grey-headed Fish-Eagle, Greater Grey-headed Fish-Eagle,<br />
Western Marsh-Harrier, Eastern Marsh-Harrier, Greater Spotted Eagle, *Steppe Eagle,<br />
Eastern Imperial Eagle, Osprey, Osprey, Falcons - Peregrine Falcon, <strong>Part</strong>ridges -<br />
Swamp Francolin, Kingfishers - Oriental Dwarf Kingfisher, Brown-winged Kingfisher,<br />
Collared Kingfisher, Bee-eaters, Blue-cheeked Bee-eater, Chestnut-headed Bee-eater,,<br />
Swallows & Martins, *Pale Martin, Plain Martin, Common Swallow, Wire-tailed<br />
Swallow, Streak-throated Swallow, Wagtails & Pipits - White Wagtail, Large Pied<br />
Wagtail, Citrine Wagtail, Yellow Wagtail, Grey Wagtail, Rosy Pipit, *Water Pipit,<br />
*Buff-bellied Pipit, Dippers - White-throated Dipper, Wrens, Winter Wren, Thrushes,<br />
Shortwings, Robins, Forktails, Wheatears, Guldenstadt’s Redstart, White-capped<br />
Redstart, Plumbeous Redstart, Little Forktail, Black-backed Forktail, Slaty-backed<br />
Forktail, Leschenault’s Forktail, Spotted Forktail, White-tailed S<strong>to</strong>nechat, Babblers,<br />
Marsh Babbler, Jerdon’s Babbler, Parrotbills, Black-breasted Parrotbill, Prinias,<br />
Warblers, Long-tailed Prinia, Rufous-rumped Grass-Warbler, Broad-tailed Grass-<br />
Warbler, Whistlers - Mangrove Whistler.<br />
Dr Arun Kumar, Scientist F, Zoological Survey <strong>of</strong> India, 218 Kaulagarh Road,<br />
P.O. IPE, Dehra Dun 248 195, India<br />
Email zsisiwal@sancharnet.in, drarunk@sancharnet.in<br />
ADVERTISEMENTS<br />
JOBS<br />
<strong>Jetwing</strong> Eco <strong>Holidays</strong> are looking for exceptional individuals <strong>to</strong> join <strong>the</strong>ir team.<br />
Individuals must have a high degree <strong>of</strong> numerical competency and be fluent in written<br />
and spoken English. An interest in wildlife is an advantage. Prior experience in <strong>to</strong>urism is<br />
not needed. Bright school leavers are encouraged <strong>to</strong> apply. If you meet <strong>the</strong> grade, please<br />
e-mail your CV <strong>to</strong> eco@jetwing.lk or snail mail <strong>to</strong> Manager, <strong>Jetwing</strong> Eco <strong>Holidays</strong>,<br />
46/26 Navam Mawatha, Colombo 2, Sri Lanka.<br />
REPORTS<br />
Return <strong>to</strong> Meemure<br />
- Uditha Wijesena<br />
Meemure having come in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> limelight in <strong>the</strong> recent past after <strong>the</strong> last parliamentary<br />
elections made me revisit <strong>the</strong> ancient Kandyan village <strong>to</strong> see what progress it made since<br />
my visit 25 years ago.<br />
I first visited Meemure in my university days. It was only ano<strong>the</strong>r remote place that I had<br />
visited. The way <strong>to</strong> Meemure, <strong>the</strong>n as now, has <strong>the</strong> last mo<strong>to</strong>r bus halting place at<br />
296
12/10/2007<br />
Loolwatte. This is followed by a trek <strong>of</strong> around 20 kilometres by foot. Presently though<br />
<strong>the</strong>re is no public transport <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> village itself. But <strong>the</strong>re are two vans that will take<br />
passengers depending on <strong>the</strong> need and <strong>the</strong> road conditions.<br />
The road is being renovated and done up with concrete and o<strong>the</strong>r road construction means<br />
with a new bridge across <strong>the</strong> river. The last 7 kilometres still under construction is<br />
mo<strong>to</strong>rable with difficulty, on <strong>the</strong> way up. The end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> road at <strong>the</strong> village centre at <strong>the</strong><br />
giant ‘Mee’ tree, just <strong>the</strong> same as 25 years ago. As for changes, a new health centre with<br />
solar powered electricity and a village secretariat building has come up. The o<strong>the</strong>r major<br />
change was a massive s<strong>to</strong>ne plaque at <strong>the</strong> base <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> old ‘Mee’ tree. To a his<strong>to</strong>rian it<br />
would mean that his<strong>to</strong>ry has been created in Meemure.<br />
The unforgettable scenic ‘Lakegala’ <strong>the</strong> massive rock outcrop depicting a gigantic<br />
Sivalingam was in <strong>the</strong> back drop <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> village. The numerous bird calls from <strong>the</strong> virgin<br />
forests around ‘Lakegala’ was inviting for bird watching, but horror awaited me.<br />
The footpath <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> forest was <strong>the</strong> same, only it was marked with red painted arrows<br />
making it easy for a stranger <strong>to</strong> find <strong>the</strong> way in <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> forest. The path snaked up <strong>the</strong> hill<br />
passing <strong>the</strong> home garden plots demarcated by loose s<strong>to</strong>ne walls as seen Irish farm plots.<br />
About 3 kilometres in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> forest even <strong>the</strong> trees had <strong>the</strong> red markings. These were<br />
different <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> arrows but <strong>the</strong> letter E. On returning <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> village after bird watching,<br />
inquiries were made <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> markings on <strong>the</strong> trees. They were <strong>the</strong> trees <strong>to</strong> be felled for <strong>the</strong><br />
electricity supply <strong>to</strong> Meemure from distant Pallegama about ten kilometres in Laggala.<br />
Meemure should get its share <strong>of</strong> electricity in this new world. There is no argument about<br />
this. But is it correct <strong>to</strong> fell <strong>the</strong>se majestic giants that have s<strong>to</strong>od <strong>the</strong> test <strong>of</strong> time over 500<br />
years just <strong>to</strong> light up an isolated village land locked in <strong>the</strong> Knuckles range ? Why cannot<br />
<strong>the</strong> authorities think <strong>of</strong> alternate ways <strong>to</strong> electrify Meemure ? There is definitely very<br />
high potential in tapping <strong>the</strong> waterways that flow around Meemure <strong>to</strong> supply electricity<br />
through a mini hydro scheme. There is <strong>the</strong> never ending wind energy <strong>to</strong> be harnessed at<br />
<strong>the</strong> famous Corbets Gap with <strong>of</strong> course a longer feeder line without chopping <strong>the</strong> forest,<br />
if it is <strong>the</strong> resources that are needed for alternate energy. I’m sure if proper interpretation<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> village is done <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> outside world finding funds is not that difficult.<br />
However <strong>the</strong> danger that I see <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Lakegala forest was quite imminent with <strong>the</strong> new<br />
road coming up. Close <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> famous Mee tree at <strong>the</strong> village centre was a giant Mara tree<br />
measuring a girth not less than 30 feet, felled and logged in<strong>to</strong> five sections, awaiting<br />
transport till a permit was obtained. This will not be a problem with <strong>the</strong> new secretariat<br />
being located in <strong>the</strong> village it self?<br />
The Last Day, in Yala<br />
- Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne<br />
Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne ends 2003 and begins 2004 at <strong>the</strong> Yala Safari Game Lodge<br />
297
12/10/2007<br />
(This article was written for Ayubowan, <strong>the</strong> newsletter <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Jetwing</strong> family <strong>of</strong><br />
companies)<br />
It was noon and <strong>the</strong> Goda Kalapuwa shimmered and glinted like a silver mirror under <strong>the</strong><br />
hot noon day sun, which bakes <strong>the</strong> sand dune ridden sou<strong>the</strong>rn coastal strip <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka. It<br />
was 31st December 2003 and less than half a day was left <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> old year. I turned, just<br />
before <strong>the</strong> gates <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Yala National Park, in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> final kilometer leading <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Yala<br />
Safari Game Lodge. On my left was <strong>the</strong> national park and on my right, a plain<br />
interspersed with scrub and salt <strong>to</strong>lerant Maliththan trees. A large bird, flying against <strong>the</strong><br />
glare <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sun caught my eye. I pulled over wondering what bird could present so large<br />
a silhouette. A Black-necked S<strong>to</strong>rk, one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> rarest and largest birds in Sri Lanka, flew<br />
over, purposefully. A few minutes later my wife Nirma pointed out <strong>to</strong> our children, an<br />
elephant, on our left. The year 2003 was going <strong>to</strong> end on a strong note and 2004 was<br />
going <strong>to</strong> get <strong>of</strong>f <strong>to</strong> a good start. Instinct <strong>to</strong>ld me that I was going <strong>to</strong> have ano<strong>the</strong>r good<br />
visit <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Game Lodge. A safe prediction as I have never had a disappointing visit. With<br />
it set with <strong>the</strong> country's premier national park on one side, <strong>the</strong> sea on ano<strong>the</strong>r and <strong>the</strong><br />
Goda Kalapuwa, lagoon on <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r, its location is unmatched. Friendly staff, dining<br />
under <strong>the</strong> stars with backlighting from <strong>the</strong> swimming pool, game drives and nature walks,<br />
visits <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Game Lode were always invigorating.<br />
The naturalists joined us for lunch and I picked <strong>the</strong>ir brains. A Sloth Bear had been<br />
visiting Welmal Kema, a water hole set in granitic gneiss. On our evening game drive we<br />
headed <strong>of</strong>f <strong>to</strong> Welmal Kema with Priyantha, one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> local jeep drivers at <strong>the</strong> wheel and<br />
Lionel an experienced tracker. Lionel examined <strong>the</strong> tracks on <strong>the</strong> sand near Welmal<br />
Kema and announced that a Sloth Bear mo<strong>the</strong>r and cub had crossed <strong>the</strong> road. A few<br />
minutes later he announced that ano<strong>the</strong>r Sloth Bear had passed through recently. We<br />
slowed down and proceeded cautiously. It was going <strong>to</strong> be ano<strong>the</strong>r, 'if only we had come<br />
a few minutes earlier". Wrong, straight out <strong>of</strong> a script, <strong>the</strong> male was on <strong>the</strong> road, but<br />
moved in and vanished in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> scrub. We moved on and waited at <strong>the</strong> water hole. The<br />
Sloth Bear ambled in, in no hurry, drank, and sauntered over <strong>the</strong> rocks and disappeared<br />
from view in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> scrub under a large Palu tree.<br />
Surely it could not get any better? But it did. We came across Leopard pugs on <strong>the</strong> Akasa<br />
Chaitiya Road. The tracks were very fresh, and were superimposed on jeeps tracks made<br />
recently. It was probably a sub adult who had begun an early evening patrol. It had<br />
retreated in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> jungle, perhaps on hearing our approach. We decided <strong>to</strong> run <strong>the</strong> length<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> road again and were interrupted by a family <strong>of</strong> elephants who crossed <strong>the</strong> road.<br />
Elephant families are female dominated. The adult females were jealously guarding two<br />
young, who may have been only a few years old. Two adults s<strong>to</strong>od side by side with a<br />
calf in <strong>the</strong> middle and stared at us defiantly. Sand was kicked and sprayed over <strong>the</strong>ir body<br />
in a show <strong>of</strong> force. Come no closer was <strong>the</strong> message. The two adults rumbled like<br />
thunder. They <strong>the</strong>n clasped <strong>the</strong>ir trunks and in a very unusual display joined <strong>the</strong> tips <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong>ir trunks, as if communicating in hushed whispers. Aloud trumpet from <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r side<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> road explained <strong>the</strong>ir unusual anxiety. More elephants were on <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r side. We<br />
moved away allowing <strong>the</strong> rest <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> family <strong>to</strong> merge <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r without obstruction.<br />
298
12/10/2007<br />
Over dinner, I chatted with guests. The stars shone brightly overhead and a cool breeze<br />
blew. A Wild Pig visted <strong>the</strong> buffet and was chased away. A Toddy Cat, a nocturnal<br />
hunter, slunk through <strong>the</strong> grounds. An Indian Nightjar churred and a Collared Scops Owl<br />
hooted from <strong>the</strong> Bahunia trees. 2003 ended on a wild note. Over <strong>the</strong> next few days, we<br />
had four Leopard sightings, amongst a clutch <strong>of</strong> thrilling wildlife encounters. 2004 will<br />
see me back at <strong>the</strong> Yala Safari Game Lodge, as many times as I can find reasons <strong>to</strong> keep<br />
going back.<br />
NEW BOOKS<br />
The following details are from <strong>the</strong> publisher's press releases.<br />
Field Guide <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Birds <strong>of</strong> Nor<strong>the</strong>rn India by Richard Grimmett, Tim Inskipp ISBN<br />
0713651679. 304 pages. 216x135 mm. Illustrations 120 colour plates..<br />
The successor <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> much acclaimed Birds <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Indian Subcontinent by <strong>the</strong> same<br />
authors. Covering just nor<strong>the</strong>rn India, <strong>the</strong> superb plates are accompanied by a succinct<br />
text highlighting identification, voice, habitat, altitudinal range, distribution and status.<br />
The text is on facing pages <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> plates, for easy reference. As with previous titles<br />
covering Bhutan and Nepal, this guide is a perfect size for use in <strong>the</strong> field and will be an<br />
essential companion when visiting this region.<br />
Whose Bird? Men and Women Commemorated in <strong>the</strong> Common Names <strong>of</strong> Birds by<br />
Bo Beolens, Michael Watkins. ISBN 0713666471. Paperback 400 pages. 216x135 mm.<br />
Illustrations b/w pho<strong>to</strong>graphs, line drawings. Foreword by Ben Schott<br />
Was Bonaparte’s Gull named after Napoleon? Was Pallas’ Warbler discovered by <strong>the</strong><br />
same individual who discovered Pallas’s Sandgrouse, and if so did he discover <strong>the</strong> two<br />
birds at <strong>the</strong> same time on <strong>the</strong> same journey? Whose Bird? answers <strong>the</strong>se questions and<br />
many more by presenting a potted biography <strong>of</strong> every individual whose name is<br />
commemorated in a species <strong>of</strong> bird. 2,235 birds and 1,124 individuals are covered. This is<br />
a wonderful and engaging reference, illustrated throughout with portraits <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
individuals concerned.<br />
PRESS RELEASES<br />
Spoonbill flies away with Rs.100, 000 <strong>to</strong>p prize.<br />
'Poetry in motion’ was <strong>the</strong> reaction <strong>of</strong> one judge. Ano<strong>the</strong>r described it as an image which<br />
does not s<strong>to</strong>p growing on you. Lawrence Worcesier (USA) has taken an image that elicits<br />
an emotional response. It transcends <strong>the</strong> mere recording <strong>of</strong> detail, one function <strong>of</strong><br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphy, <strong>to</strong> ano<strong>the</strong>r domain. It does not matter whe<strong>the</strong>r it is <strong>of</strong> a Spoonbill or <strong>of</strong><br />
which species exactly. The visual subtleties dominate over detail. The image is artistic,<br />
abstract and captivating”. So reads <strong>the</strong> narrative describing <strong>the</strong> overall winning image in<br />
<strong>the</strong> 40 page colour portfolio <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> winning and commended entries, launched at <strong>the</strong><br />
Nature Pho<strong>to</strong>grapher 2003 Prize Giving held at <strong>the</strong> Barefoot Gallery.<br />
299
12/10/2007<br />
The Nature Pho<strong>to</strong>grapher 2003 was open <strong>to</strong> participants worldwide. However, according<br />
<strong>to</strong> Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne, <strong>the</strong> Chairman <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Competition and a Direc<strong>to</strong>r <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>Jetwing</strong>, <strong>the</strong> event is proving especially important <strong>to</strong> pho<strong>to</strong>graphers based in Sri Lanka.<br />
They now have a medium <strong>to</strong> showcase <strong>the</strong>ir talent through <strong>the</strong> exhibition as well as <strong>the</strong><br />
portfolio, which will be on sale in bookshops.<br />
Duncan Murrell (UK) won <strong>the</strong> Mammals section with an almost graphic image <strong>of</strong> a pair<br />
<strong>of</strong> Dolphins. Lawrence Worcesier, who is also this year’s overall winner, won <strong>the</strong> Birds<br />
category with an image <strong>of</strong> a Spoonbill as well as <strong>the</strong> O<strong>the</strong>r Animals category with an<br />
intriguing image <strong>of</strong> a Bee hive at Wat Jet Yot in Chiang Mai, Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Thailand. Dr.<br />
James Callen (USA) claims <strong>the</strong> first prize <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Plant Life category with an image <strong>of</strong> a<br />
Cactus. The Nature Pho<strong>to</strong>grapher 2002 overall winner Aruna Kirtisinghe won first place<br />
in <strong>the</strong> Landscapes category with a captivating image <strong>of</strong> a reflection in a rock pool. Savera<br />
Weerasinghe aged 12 won <strong>the</strong> Young Nature Pho<strong>to</strong>grapher 2003.<br />
The international line up amongst <strong>the</strong> winners demonstrates that <strong>the</strong> event is rapidly<br />
developing in<strong>to</strong> an international art event that will draw attention <strong>to</strong> Sri Lanka.<br />
The Prize Giving was attended by Jude Silva (Manager) <strong>of</strong> Hayleys Pho<strong>to</strong>print agents for<br />
FujiFilm, Sarath Piyaratne (Deputy CEO) HSBC, Shiromal Cooray (MD - <strong>Jetwing</strong><br />
Travels) and Hiran Cooray (<strong>Jetwing</strong> Hotels). The panel <strong>of</strong> judges was drawn from a wide<br />
array <strong>of</strong> disciplines and included pho<strong>to</strong>graphers Lal Anthonis, Gehan de Silva<br />
Wijeyeratne, Rukshan Jayewardene, Laxman Nadarajah, Sarath Perera and Panduka de<br />
Silva, Lilamani Benson from <strong>the</strong> advertising media, field biologist Kelum Manamendra<br />
Arachchi and journalist Cecilia McGuire.<br />
This year's event media campaign was partnered by Daily Mirror, Lankadeepa, Yes FM,<br />
Classic FM, sirasa.com, shakthifm.com, yesfmonline.com, YATV and Explore Sri<br />
Lanka. However, access <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> winning images and <strong>the</strong> s<strong>to</strong>ries associated with <strong>the</strong><br />
competition is available <strong>to</strong> all sections <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> media.<br />
<strong>Jetwing</strong> Pho<strong>to</strong>graphic Guides for Dragonflies and Butterflies<br />
Two pho<strong>to</strong>graphic guide booklets have been published <strong>to</strong> a selection <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> commoner<br />
butterflies and dragonflies <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka. These booklets precede work underway on a<br />
larger book which will combine birds, butterflies and dragonflies. The format <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
booklets is <strong>to</strong> depict a selection <strong>of</strong> species <strong>to</strong> facilitate easy reference and identification in<br />
<strong>the</strong> field. The booklet on Dragonflies is an important publication as it represents <strong>the</strong> first<br />
step, <strong>to</strong> produce a guide for field work. It has 88 images representing 65 species.<br />
Dragonflies and Damselflies are not easy <strong>to</strong> identify in <strong>the</strong> field and a fuller book will be<br />
published in due course which has accompanying text. The butterfly booklet has 63<br />
images depicting 62 species. They will be available at leading bookshops with an<br />
expected retail price <strong>of</strong> around Rs 100.<br />
The two booklets are produced by Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne who has drawn on <strong>the</strong><br />
technical expertise <strong>of</strong> Michael and Nancy van der Poorten on <strong>the</strong> butterflies and Matjaz<br />
Bedjanic and Karen Coniff on <strong>the</strong> Dragonflies. The pho<strong>to</strong>graphy has been undertaken<br />
300
12/10/2007<br />
principally by Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne for <strong>the</strong> butterflies and shared with Matjaz<br />
Bedjanic for <strong>the</strong> Dragonflies. Bedjanic is a researcher with <strong>the</strong> Slovenian Institute <strong>of</strong><br />
Conservation and <strong>the</strong> van der Poorten's are resident in Canada. The booklets demonstrate<br />
how <strong>the</strong> internet has allowed people resident in different countries and continents <strong>to</strong> work<br />
effectively <strong>to</strong>wards a common goal. The structure <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> booklets is simply as a<br />
collection <strong>of</strong> images captioned with <strong>the</strong> English and Latin name. A Sinhala and Tamil<br />
nomenclature does not exist for Butterflies and Dragonflies. Species <strong>of</strong> both groups are<br />
simply referred <strong>to</strong> as a 'Samanalaya' or 'Bath Kura' in Sinhala. The butterfly booklet has<br />
a pronunciation guide <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> English names in Sinhala in <strong>the</strong> accompanying caption. The<br />
pronunciation guide has been excluded for <strong>the</strong> dragonflies because <strong>of</strong> space constraints.<br />
Both booklets will be available in due course on <strong>the</strong> web (www.jetwingeco.com). The<br />
English names for <strong>the</strong> dragonflies had <strong>to</strong> be coined afresh. A key contribu<strong>to</strong>r <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
coining <strong>of</strong> suitable names was Jill Silsby, author <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> "Dragonflies <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> World".<br />
The Butterfly booklet has now been re-printed and a reprint <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Dragonfly booklet is<br />
expected in February 2004.<br />
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
The BIRD SOUNDS <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka<br />
An audio CD featuring 99 species recorded and compiled by Deepal Warakagoda.<br />
Published by Drongo Nature Sounds Library<br />
This is <strong>to</strong> announce <strong>the</strong> first CD <strong>of</strong> bird sounds published in Sri Lanka. 99 species are<br />
featured, <strong>to</strong> fill <strong>the</strong> 99 tracks <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> CD, for 73 minutes. The bird vocalizations selected<br />
for inclusion are distinctive and pleasing ones. The purpose <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> CD is tw<strong>of</strong>old - for use<br />
as an identification guide, or <strong>to</strong> provide a pleasant nature 'soundscape' when played<br />
continuously in <strong>the</strong> background for relaxation or enjoyment, for example, in an <strong>of</strong>fice, at<br />
a ga<strong>the</strong>ring, in a hotel environment, during household work, in a traffic jam, while<br />
driving, or played on <strong>the</strong> computer while working at <strong>the</strong> screen. Bird names are not<br />
announced on <strong>the</strong> soundtrack, as done in <strong>the</strong> previous identification guide series by <strong>the</strong><br />
same recordist.<br />
A leaflet included gives <strong>the</strong> identity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> bird on each track, and a brief introduction <strong>to</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> bird sounds <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka The species are grouped on <strong>the</strong> CD according <strong>to</strong> ten main<br />
habitat types <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka: wet zone, near <strong>to</strong>wns; dry zone forests; hill country gardens;<br />
lakes and marshes; dry zone gardens; wet zone forests; grasslands and scrublands;<br />
lagoons and saltpans; hill country forests; and wet zone, rural gardens.<br />
Copies can be purchased from Eco Rhythm, 5A Perahera Mawatha, Colombo 2. Phone<br />
2439883. Rs 1,200. Also available from <strong>the</strong> Wildlife and Nature Protection Society and<br />
from <strong>the</strong> Wildlife Shop <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Yala Safari Game Lodge.<br />
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
-----------------<br />
301
12/10/2007<br />
SRI LANKA WILDLIFE NEWS is a monthly e-mail <strong>of</strong> birding and wildlife events,<br />
sightings and short notes <strong>of</strong> interest <strong>to</strong> birders, pho<strong>to</strong>graphers, conservationists etc. To<br />
receive a copy, please e-mail gehan@jetwing.lk with "Subscribe Wildlife News" in <strong>the</strong><br />
subject header. SLWN values your privacy, <strong>to</strong> be removed, e-mail with “Unsubscribe<br />
Wildlife News” in <strong>the</strong> header. Please e-mail your sightings, events etc <strong>to</strong><br />
gehan@jetwing.lk. The media are welcome <strong>to</strong> extract details, but please attribute <strong>the</strong><br />
source. Past issues are on www.jetwingeco.com<br />
NOVEMBER 2003<br />
302<br />
SRI LANKA WILDLIFE NEWS (November 2003)<br />
- a monthly compilation by Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne (09/12/2003)<br />
HIGHLIGHTS<br />
[*] Shark Lecture re-cheduled <strong>to</strong> 18 December<br />
[*] Field Visit <strong>to</strong> Knuckles Region<br />
[*] Birding and Butterflies in Nilgala<br />
[*] Natural His<strong>to</strong>ry Reports from Yala and Nuwara Eliya<br />
[*] Kota Bendi Wewa cubs continue <strong>to</strong> entertain visi<strong>to</strong>rs<br />
[*] Spoonbill wins Rs.100, 000 (Approx USD 1,000) <strong>to</strong>p prize in Nature Pho<strong>to</strong>grapher<br />
2003. See Press Releases.<br />
EVENTS SUMMARY<br />
1 Dec 03 <strong>to</strong> 15 January 2004 Nature Pho<strong>to</strong>grapher 2003 Exhibition, The Gallery,<br />
World Trade Center, Colombo. Free Admission.<br />
The winning and commended entries <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> 2003 Competition with outstanding images<br />
from all over <strong>the</strong> world. In 2003, <strong>the</strong> competition attracted winning images from overseas<br />
pr<strong>of</strong>essional wildlife pho<strong>to</strong>graphers, adding <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> breadth and depth <strong>of</strong> competition.<br />
Re-scheduled: Thursday 18 December 6.30 pm. Sharks a much maligned preda<strong>to</strong>r<br />
by Lyn Robinson. Barefoot Gallery, 704 Galle Road, Colombo 6.<br />
Lyn began her research on sharks and <strong>the</strong> shark fishery in Madagascar several years ago,<br />
when she became aware <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> dramatic decline <strong>of</strong> sharks in Malagasy waters. Although<br />
it is normally taboo for a woman <strong>to</strong> be on board a shark fishing vessel, she has been<br />
accepted by <strong>the</strong> local fishers and makes periodic <strong>of</strong>f-shore expeditions with <strong>the</strong>m <strong>to</strong><br />
collect information on species brought in and <strong>to</strong> work with <strong>the</strong>m in developing a more<br />
sustainable fisheries management system. During her stay in Sri Lanka, she has done<br />
preliminary research in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> shark fishery here. Barefoot - SLNHS - <strong>Jetwing</strong> Lecture<br />
Series. [This is a re-scheduling <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lecture from 10 December, <strong>the</strong> second<br />
posponement!].
12/10/2007<br />
Saturday 27 December 2003, Speaker and Topic <strong>to</strong> be confirmed. NBLT, University<br />
<strong>of</strong> Colombo, Colombo 3. Field Ornithology Group <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka 9.30 am. General<br />
Meeting.<br />
Bird Month - December 2003 The Field Ornithology Group <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka (FOGSL) has<br />
started a nationwide program <strong>to</strong> assess and study bird distribution and presence in Sri<br />
Lanka, starting from this December. The people who intend <strong>to</strong> participate have <strong>to</strong> simply<br />
go out bird watching <strong>to</strong> as many places as possible. Make a list <strong>of</strong> species seen and mail it<br />
<strong>to</strong> FOGSL. The location can be any place. The birds should cover from common <strong>to</strong> rare.<br />
All we seek <strong>to</strong> have is a list <strong>of</strong> birds in a given location. Even your residence or home<br />
garden can be considered for this purpose. FOGSL would like <strong>to</strong> involve all <strong>the</strong> bird<br />
lovers who can contribute by simple observations. Fur<strong>the</strong>r details can be obtained from<br />
<strong>the</strong> Bird Month website http://birdmonth.tripod.com. Observers can email <strong>the</strong>ir records <strong>to</strong><br />
fogsl@slt.lk. FOGSL has also launched several programs for Bird Month through its<br />
eGroup. People who wish <strong>to</strong> join this birding information channel can join by sending a<br />
mail <strong>to</strong> fogsl@slt.lk with <strong>the</strong> subject "eGroup Membership"<br />
BIRDING & WILDLIFE NEWS<br />
Amila Salgado, Chandrika Maelge, Priyashani Peiris and Gehan de Silva<br />
Wijeyeratne from <strong>Jetwing</strong> Eco <strong>Holidays</strong> joined Hashim Tyabji and Shirley Perera who<br />
were leading <strong>the</strong> inaugural <strong>to</strong>ur <strong>of</strong> Worldwide Journeys (now Ultimate Travel Company),<br />
<strong>to</strong> Sri Lanka. On 6 December in Vic<strong>to</strong>ria Park <strong>the</strong>y had good sightings <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> key target<br />
species who are migrants from <strong>the</strong> Himalayas. Good views were had <strong>of</strong> Pied Thrush,<br />
Indian Blue Robin and a first year male Kashmir Flycatcher. An Indian Pitta showed<br />
itself well. Dusky Squirrel was also present in <strong>the</strong> park.<br />
On 7 December <strong>the</strong> Eco <strong>Holidays</strong> team visited Arrenga Pool in Hor<strong>to</strong>n Plains National<br />
Park. Indian Blue Robin was heard and a confiding Sri Lanka Bush Warbler approached<br />
within a few feet. A pair <strong>of</strong> Ashy-crowned Sparrow Larks were on <strong>the</strong> road leading up <strong>to</strong><br />
Farr Inn. Both had heavily worn plumage. Last year, a single male Ashy-crowned<br />
Sparrow Lark was seen by more than one observer. It is interesting <strong>to</strong> have such records<br />
from Hor<strong>to</strong>n Plain during <strong>the</strong> migrant season from a bird which is usually confined <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
dry lowlands, especially in <strong>the</strong> coastal areas. These wet zone records leads one <strong>to</strong> wonder<br />
whe<strong>the</strong>r a local seasonal movement is taking place <strong>of</strong> whe<strong>the</strong>r birds from overseas are<br />
supplementing <strong>the</strong> resident populations. Only a wide ranging National Bird Ringing<br />
Project will help answer <strong>the</strong>se questions. At present <strong>the</strong> DWLC- FOGSL <strong>Jetwing</strong><br />
National Bird Ringing Project is on hold awaiting permission from <strong>the</strong> DWLC <strong>to</strong> go<br />
ahead with a wide ranging ringing program, as proposed. A male Kashmir Flycatcher was<br />
also observed in <strong>the</strong> St Andrews Hotel Wetland ( at <strong>the</strong> back <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> hotel). Ano<strong>the</strong>r<br />
highlight was an Indian Red Admiral butterfly. Black-lipped Lizards, a montane endemic,<br />
was also seen on <strong>the</strong> hotel grounds.<br />
Ceylon Bird Club Birding News (2 December 2003) carried reports from Deepal<br />
Warakagoda <strong>of</strong> a Hume's Whitethroat at Uda Walawe NP on 30 Nov, at<br />
Gonaviddagala in <strong>the</strong> scrub by <strong>the</strong> rocky area where visi<strong>to</strong>rs get out <strong>of</strong> vehicles. At<br />
Bundala NP on 1 Dec, seen from <strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> main bund in <strong>the</strong> salterns, a Red Knot<br />
303
12/10/2007<br />
and 10 Broad-billed Sandpipers in <strong>the</strong> lagoon (<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> left); 12 Red-necked Phalaropes<br />
in <strong>the</strong> saltpan <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> right.<br />
Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne, Amila Salgado, Wicky Wickremesekera, Richard Cox,<br />
Daniel and Uditha Jayasinghe (Daily Mirror) visited Nilgala on Saturday 29 and<br />
Sunday 30 November. The Saturday evening was a bit <strong>of</strong> a wash out as it rained quite<br />
heavily. The Sunday was largely dry with a few, light showers. Bird species more typical<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> wet zone which were recorded here included Sri Lanka Hanging Parrot and<br />
Layard's Parakeet. Indian Blue Robin was heard at Nilgala and on <strong>the</strong> Bibile Nilgala<br />
Road in a patch <strong>of</strong> riverine vegetation as well as in front <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Bibimo Guest House in<br />
Bibile. 2 Spotted Deer also visited a patch <strong>of</strong> scrubland in front <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Bibimo Guest<br />
House. O<strong>the</strong>r species recorded at Nilgala included Plum-headed Parakeet, Drongo<br />
Cuckoo, Pygmy Woodpecker, Red-backed Woodpecker (Black-rumped Flameback)<br />
Jungle Bush Quail, Pompadour Green Pigeon, (Indian Swiftlet), Edible-nest Swiftlet,<br />
Ra<strong>the</strong>r unwisely, we sent a message for Iraj <strong>to</strong> bring our Mitsubishi Montero across <strong>the</strong><br />
new concrete bridge, at Nilgala. We had walked under 2 kilometers along <strong>the</strong> road. The<br />
bridge was navigated easily, but <strong>the</strong> Montero got stuck in <strong>the</strong> mud just after <strong>the</strong> bridge.<br />
Butterfly Watching in Nilgala - Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne<br />
The butterfly watching highlight was a patch <strong>of</strong> Lantana surrounded by clumps <strong>of</strong> tall<br />
grass. My attention was drawn initially by a Common Rose which was hovering over it.<br />
Soon a female Common Birdwing came by and rapidly flitted from flower <strong>to</strong> flower<br />
feeding on nectar. A Common Mormon, Glassy Tiger and a Lime Butterfly also paid<br />
brief visits. A Chocolate Soldier was perched on a bush and defended its terri<strong>to</strong>ry from<br />
rivals. Two species <strong>of</strong> blue were settled on <strong>the</strong> grass clump. Grass Yellows were perched<br />
on a rock at <strong>the</strong> foot <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> clump and were briefly joined by a Tawny Coster. A Plum<br />
Judy was chased away by a Bushbrown. A Rustic made a brief visit and seemed <strong>to</strong> take<br />
fright <strong>of</strong> y presence. A Lemon Emigrant visited a nearby bush. Just by being near that<br />
single clump <strong>of</strong> Lantana and grass, I observed fifteen species <strong>of</strong> butterflies.<br />
Ceylon Bird Club Birding News (27 November) carried <strong>the</strong> following account. Namal<br />
Kamalgoda reports a Booted Eagle near Kotte. Off <strong>the</strong> Beddagana <strong>to</strong> Madiwala main<br />
road on <strong>the</strong> left just before Sucharita Mawatha is 'David's Garage'. The bird has been<br />
roosting in and hunting by this wooded property in <strong>the</strong> past several days. More details<br />
may be obtained from Namal at 072 2 280270, or at <strong>the</strong> garage from David, Tilak or<br />
Gurusingha.<br />
Placid Cooray sends in <strong>the</strong> following report from Yala. "Leslie Bandaranayaka, Viran<br />
Perera, Pravin Ramanaden and Kishan Gunawardene with trackers Mudiyanse and<br />
later Ranjit) spent 7 nights (from 23/11 - 29/11) at Yala at <strong>the</strong> Thalgasmankada and<br />
Ondaatje bungalows and had some splendid leopard and o<strong>the</strong>r animal sightings.<br />
23/11- In <strong>the</strong> early afternoon we saw <strong>the</strong> Tusker Gemunu along <strong>the</strong> main road but could<br />
not take any pho<strong>to</strong>graphs as he was generally screened by shrubs and trees. Shortly<br />
304
12/10/2007<br />
afterwards on <strong>the</strong> Thalgasmankada road about 100 yards from <strong>the</strong> Gonalebbe Talgas<br />
junction we came across <strong>the</strong> Kota Bendi Wewa (KBW) cubs lying on <strong>the</strong> road. There<br />
were no o<strong>the</strong>r vehicles around and we were able <strong>to</strong> observe <strong>the</strong>m at close range. At times<br />
one cub would rest its head on <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>rs flank and both would lie still for several<br />
minutes. Most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> time was spent in grooming each o<strong>the</strong>r. Unfortunately after about<br />
half hour <strong>the</strong>re was a heavy downpour and <strong>the</strong> cubs scampered under a nearby bush and<br />
were lost <strong>to</strong> sight.<br />
24/11- Early morning we spotted <strong>the</strong> crossed Tusker Podi Puttuwa in <strong>the</strong> Koma Wewa<br />
area. At about 9 am on hearing deer calls we rushed <strong>to</strong> Kota Bendi Wewa and after a few<br />
minutes <strong>the</strong> KBW female cub (KBFC 1) emerged from <strong>the</strong> jungle at <strong>the</strong> Talgas bungalow<br />
end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Wewa and nonchalantly strolled past us, pursuing birds and butterflies while<br />
walking <strong>to</strong>wards <strong>the</strong> opposite end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Wewa. By this time <strong>the</strong> mo<strong>the</strong>r leopard (TF 1)<br />
had come on<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> road behind us. On spotting her, <strong>the</strong> cub ran <strong>to</strong>wards <strong>the</strong> mo<strong>the</strong>r and<br />
getting on <strong>to</strong>p <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> mo<strong>the</strong>r who had by <strong>the</strong>n rolled on her back, gave what could only be<br />
described as a prolonged affectionate hug. They separated after a minute or so and <strong>the</strong><br />
cub went across <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> grass verge and lay down while <strong>the</strong> mo<strong>the</strong>r lay sprawled on <strong>the</strong><br />
road. We were <strong>the</strong> only vehicle <strong>the</strong>re for over an hour and approached within 10 meters<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> mum, giving numerous marvelous pho<strong>to</strong> opportunities. When more vehicles began<br />
<strong>to</strong> arrive <strong>the</strong> cub retreated in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> jungle and we left at about 11.30am. That afternoon<br />
at about 4pm <strong>the</strong> male KBW (KBMC 1) cub was in <strong>the</strong> same area and we and a couple<br />
more jeeps were entertained <strong>to</strong> a mock deer stalking episode by <strong>the</strong> cub. Ano<strong>the</strong>r notable<br />
sighting that afternoon was a mo<strong>the</strong>r bear with cub on <strong>the</strong> Gonalabbe Middle road.<br />
25/11- 2 notable sightings were three jackals hunting in a pack and <strong>the</strong> same crossed<br />
tusker on <strong>the</strong> Talgas bungalow road. That evening at about 6.30 pm as we were returning<br />
<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> bungalow we spotted a large male accompanied by a female leopard on <strong>the</strong> Koma<br />
Wewa lower road. The female was lost <strong>to</strong> sight immediately but <strong>the</strong> male walked up <strong>to</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> bund road, scent marking on <strong>the</strong> way before disappearing in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> scrub. That night<br />
while at <strong>the</strong> bungalow <strong>the</strong>re were deer calls at about 8.30 pm which we initially ignored<br />
being more preoccupied with our beer. When <strong>the</strong> calls persisted we switched on <strong>the</strong><br />
<strong>to</strong>rches <strong>to</strong> see a leopard lying on <strong>the</strong> ground near <strong>the</strong> pump station. It remained for nearly<br />
10 minutes before strolling down <strong>to</strong>wards <strong>the</strong> river and in <strong>the</strong> general direction <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
Army camp.<br />
26/11- no notable sighting except for a glimpse <strong>of</strong> a bear running across <strong>the</strong> main road<br />
27/11- At about 9.15 am we first spotted <strong>the</strong> male KBW cub on a tree about 10 meters<br />
from <strong>the</strong> Talgas road about 500m from <strong>the</strong> Talgas/Gonalabbe junction. The male called<br />
several times, mewing like a kitten and <strong>the</strong>n we spotted <strong>the</strong> female cub on <strong>the</strong> ground<br />
hidden under a bush about 20 meters away. Receiving no response, <strong>the</strong> male <strong>the</strong>n came<br />
down, greeted <strong>the</strong> female, and both climbed on<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> branches <strong>of</strong> a fallen tree just<br />
opposite our vehicle where <strong>the</strong>y stayed for nearly half hour grooming each o<strong>the</strong>r, licking,<br />
biting <strong>to</strong> remove ticks on <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r, resting with its head on <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r etc. They both <strong>the</strong>n<br />
came down and lay on <strong>the</strong> ground continuing this activity. Again <strong>the</strong>re were no o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
vehicles throughout <strong>the</strong> 1.5 hrs we spent <strong>the</strong>re. That afternoon we spotted a large python<br />
305
12/10/2007<br />
with its coils around a spotted deer on <strong>the</strong> Buttuwa Gonagala road (no pho<strong>to</strong>s possible as<br />
it was under a shrub a fair distance away and with a number <strong>of</strong> intervening bushes). On<br />
<strong>the</strong> main road near Meynert Wewa we came across a bear with cub. As we were returning<br />
<strong>to</strong> Ondaatje on <strong>the</strong> main road, between Vepandeniya rock and <strong>the</strong> Uraniya turn <strong>of</strong>f we<br />
came across a large male leopard on <strong>the</strong> road. It continued walking in front <strong>of</strong> us for a<br />
few hundred meters, at times calling <strong>to</strong> its mate and at times, marking by squirting urine<br />
or scratching <strong>the</strong> ground with its hind legs before walking in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> scrub.<br />
28/11- At about 9.15am we across a number <strong>of</strong> vehicles parked on <strong>the</strong> Gonalebbe Talgas<br />
road <strong>to</strong>wards Kota Bendi Wewa as <strong>the</strong> male KBW cub was on a tree. It came down after<br />
about half hour and strolled several hundred meters along <strong>the</strong> road with nearly 10<br />
vehicles following it, all jockeying for position. Later that day we returned <strong>to</strong> see more<br />
vehicles in <strong>the</strong> same area, still following <strong>the</strong> cub and left . We came across an old bear<br />
on <strong>the</strong> main road just before <strong>the</strong> Gonalabbe middle road junction.<br />
29/11- The most pa<strong>the</strong>tic sighting <strong>of</strong> all - along Talgas road <strong>to</strong>wards Handunoruwa Wewa<br />
we across a dead baby elephant lying by <strong>the</strong> side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> road with its mo<strong>the</strong>r standing by<br />
it. Several times <strong>the</strong> mo<strong>the</strong>r nudged <strong>the</strong> baby ei<strong>the</strong>r with its front foot or <strong>the</strong> trunk <strong>to</strong> get<br />
it <strong>to</strong> rise. On several occasions it made a low but loud rumbling noise as if it was crying.<br />
Ano<strong>the</strong>r elephant from <strong>the</strong> herd joined <strong>the</strong> mo<strong>the</strong>r at times making mock charges at us.<br />
We waited for nearly 45 minutes and after <strong>the</strong> mo<strong>the</strong>r briefly retreated in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> jungle<br />
inched our way past <strong>the</strong> dead animal and parked on <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r side <strong>to</strong> see <strong>the</strong> mo<strong>the</strong>r return<br />
and carry out fur<strong>the</strong>r efforts <strong>to</strong> get <strong>the</strong> baby up. We were informed that <strong>the</strong> baby was<br />
about 6 months old and a postmortem would be carried out <strong>to</strong> verify <strong>the</strong> cause <strong>of</strong> death.<br />
On <strong>the</strong> 29th afternoon and 30th morning it rained heavily and no fur<strong>the</strong>r sightings were<br />
made. Bird sightings included several peacock dances, Malabar Pied Hornbills,<br />
Changeable Hawk Eagles, Brahminy Kites and Grey-headed Fish Eagles. We also<br />
witnessed a duel between two spotted deer stags.<br />
Lyn Hughes (Wanderlust Magazine), Uditha Jayasinghe (Daily Mirror) Amila<br />
Salgado, Hiran Cooray, Rienzie and Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne visited Yala<br />
National Park on Saturday 28 November 2003. On <strong>the</strong> morning and evening game drive<br />
<strong>the</strong>y came across vehicles observing <strong>the</strong> Kota Bendi Wewa cubs. On both occasions <strong>the</strong><br />
male cub showed himself well. They came across a herd <strong>of</strong> three female elephants with<br />
one young. The young elephant was observed ingesting <strong>the</strong> dung <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> adults. Elephants<br />
have gut bacteria which help <strong>the</strong>m <strong>to</strong> break down plant matter in order for <strong>the</strong>m <strong>to</strong> obtain<br />
nutrition. Ingesting dung from adults helps bacterial colonies <strong>to</strong> be established in <strong>the</strong> gut<br />
<strong>of</strong> young elephants.<br />
Dhammithra Samarasinghe (Naturalist Hunas Falls Hotel) reports <strong>the</strong> following.,<br />
0"1st November at 7.30 pm when I was in <strong>the</strong> Lake View restaurant balcony, I heard <strong>the</strong><br />
Brown Fish Owl’s call from <strong>the</strong> nearby forest. I set up <strong>the</strong> Spotting Scope and after a<br />
short while, <strong>the</strong> bird entered <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> lake area came and settled down on <strong>the</strong> boat house<br />
ro<strong>of</strong>. A few seconds later, on <strong>the</strong> opposite side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lake, quite close <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> boat house<br />
ano<strong>the</strong>r Brown Fish Owl appeared and crossed over and landed on <strong>the</strong> boat house ro<strong>of</strong>.<br />
306
12/10/2007<br />
Both <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m were welcomed. They greeted each o<strong>the</strong>r by moving <strong>the</strong>ir heads backward<br />
and forward, very slowly. After a short while <strong>the</strong>y flew in <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> forest. I stayed <strong>the</strong>re<br />
nearly an hour. But <strong>the</strong>y were did not appeared again. I think <strong>the</strong>y were probably a pair.<br />
<strong>the</strong> male and <strong>the</strong> female.<br />
02nd November, I visited Simpson's Forest with Mr. & Mrs. Hol<strong>to</strong>n from <strong>the</strong> U.K. At<br />
9.45 am we were at Simpson Forest waiting <strong>to</strong> see more endemic birds. At about 9.50 am<br />
Yellow- fronted Barbet and Dull-b - Blue Flycatcher were started singing. A few minutes<br />
later two Brown-capped Pygmy Woodpeckers were on a Kenda tree. We had a clear view<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> two birds and observed <strong>the</strong>m for about 4-5 minutes. and <strong>the</strong>n <strong>the</strong>y flew on <strong>to</strong><br />
ano<strong>the</strong>r tree. We recorded Sri Lanka Hanging Parrot, Velvet-fronted Nuthatch, Barwinged<br />
Flycatcher-shrike, Black Bulbul, Indian Scimitar Babbler and Grey- headed<br />
Canary Flycatcher.<br />
08th November, on a nature trek walk <strong>to</strong> Simpson's Forest, a Lesser Naped Woodpecker<br />
(Streak-throated Woodpecker) crossed <strong>the</strong> road and settled on a Sabukku tree. We were<br />
quietly watched <strong>the</strong>m. A van came and disturbed us and <strong>the</strong> bird was moved fur<strong>the</strong>r away<br />
from us. In <strong>the</strong> Simpson's Forest, we heard <strong>the</strong> call <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sri Lanka Wood Pigeon's call<br />
but never sighted. In addition <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>se sightings we saw several migrants, Indian Pitta,<br />
Brown Shrike, Grey Wagtail and Barn Swallow. Several Butterfly species were recorded<br />
including Tree Nymph, Red Helen, Blue Mormon, Common Bluebottle and Tamil<br />
Lacewing.<br />
We were returned around 11.30 am and found a Ruddy Mongoose beside <strong>the</strong> road near<br />
<strong>the</strong> Simpson's Forest and walked along <strong>the</strong> road for few meters, <strong>the</strong>n disappeared from<br />
our sight.<br />
Richard Cox and Wicky Wickremesekera had a sighting <strong>of</strong> over a forty minutes <strong>of</strong> an<br />
Oriental Dwarf Kingfisher at Kithulgala (25 November).<br />
ADVERTISEMENTS<br />
JOBS<br />
<strong>Jetwing</strong> Eco <strong>Holidays</strong> are looking for exceptional individuals <strong>to</strong> join <strong>the</strong>ir team.<br />
Individuals must have a high degree <strong>of</strong> numerical competency and be fluent in written<br />
and spoken English. An interest in wildlife is an advantage. Prior experience in <strong>to</strong>urism is<br />
not needed. Bright school leavers are encouraged <strong>to</strong> apply.<br />
To be eligible <strong>to</strong> apply, you must be able <strong>to</strong> solve <strong>the</strong> following equations.<br />
Question 1<br />
X(squared) +Y(squared) + Z (squared) = 6<br />
X + Y = 3<br />
307
12/10/2007<br />
308<br />
X - Z = 2<br />
If you meet <strong>the</strong> grade, please e-mail your CV <strong>to</strong> eco@jetwing.lk or snail mail <strong>to</strong><br />
Manager, <strong>Jetwing</strong> Eco <strong>Holidays</strong>, 46/26 Navam Mawatha, Colombo 2, Sri Lanka.<br />
REPORTS<br />
Field Visit <strong>to</strong> Knuckles Region on 20th November 2003<br />
- Buddhika Gamagedera<br />
Knuckles was visited by a group <strong>of</strong> field assistants <strong>of</strong> a research on Bees. I also joined<br />
with <strong>the</strong>m. We started at around 7.00am from <strong>the</strong> Peradeniya University heading <strong>to</strong>wards<br />
Matale. By 8.00 am we were <strong>the</strong>re in Matale where we had our breakfast. Then passing<br />
Rat<strong>to</strong>ta, Bambarakiriella and Midland Estate we arrived <strong>to</strong> Rivers<strong>to</strong>n for our first bee<br />
netting. There were some birds flying here and <strong>the</strong>re, Grey-headed Canary Flycatcher,<br />
Orange-breasted Blue Flycatcher, Hill White-eye and Yellow-eared Bulbul were <strong>the</strong><br />
commonest . Also I heard a Scimmiter Babbler’s call. There were no much records <strong>of</strong><br />
birds since <strong>the</strong> day was very cloudy and gloomy. Of <strong>the</strong> flora, Strobilanthus sp., Psycotria<br />
sp., Neolitsia sp., Syzygium sp. were recorded. There are Cardamom cultivations in<br />
Rivers<strong>to</strong>n but <strong>the</strong>y are all abandoned. Our group finished <strong>the</strong> netting <strong>of</strong> that site and<br />
traveled down on <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r slope <strong>of</strong> Rivers<strong>to</strong>n.<br />
Our next site was at Gonamada. We <strong>to</strong>ok some water from <strong>the</strong> Patti-ela – a little stream<br />
near Gonamada and moved on <strong>the</strong> grassland <strong>to</strong> our site. I walked around a little bit.<br />
There were some Binara plants (Exacum macranthum) by <strong>the</strong> road side. The birds<br />
recorded were Serpent Eagle, Black Bulbul, Ceylon Swallow (Red-rumped Swallow) and<br />
Ashy Priniya. After <strong>the</strong> field work we arrived at Teligamuwa Oya for our lunch. We <strong>to</strong>ok<br />
a bath in a natural pool and had lunch. In it resides an endemic fish <strong>to</strong> Knuckles forest<br />
known as Matenstyn’s Barb (Puntius martenstyni). On <strong>the</strong> way back we visited<br />
Mahalakotuwa <strong>to</strong> collect Atamba seeds (Mangifera ceylanica). The Mahalakotuwa,<br />
Mada-ela and Rathkinda is in <strong>the</strong> Intermediate zone, <strong>the</strong> trees commonly found are<br />
Badulla, Bala, Wal kahata, Mora, Welan, Milla, Malaboda and Mee.<br />
Our last netting site was Pitawala Wewa. There were a lot <strong>of</strong> Elephant droppings spread<br />
on <strong>the</strong> tank bed which seemed <strong>to</strong> be quite old. A villager <strong>to</strong>ld me that <strong>the</strong>re was a herd<br />
two months ago. Birds seen here before it began <strong>to</strong> rain include Yellow-billed Babbler,<br />
Purple-rumped Sunbird, Common Iora, Indian Pitta and we also heard <strong>the</strong> call <strong>of</strong> Sri<br />
Lanka Junglefowl. As usual <strong>the</strong>re was a plenty <strong>of</strong> Skipper Frogs in <strong>the</strong> Wewa. We left<br />
around 4.00 o’clock and when we passed <strong>the</strong> Rivers<strong>to</strong>n area it was about 5.10pm. We<br />
had a cup <strong>of</strong> tea at Matale and traveled straight <strong>to</strong> Kandy.<br />
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
Natural His<strong>to</strong>ry Report from Nuwara Eliya for <strong>the</strong> Month <strong>of</strong> September 2003<br />
Lal de Silva, Naturalist (St Andrews Hotel, Nuwara Eliya) sends in <strong>the</strong> following report.
12/10/2007<br />
The arrival <strong>of</strong> migrant birds has begun in <strong>the</strong> central hills. Aassive flock <strong>of</strong> Grey Wagtail,<br />
200 <strong>to</strong> 300 birds were sighted on <strong>the</strong> ro<strong>of</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> public library in Vic<strong>to</strong>ria Park. Ano<strong>the</strong>r<br />
flock <strong>of</strong> 10 <strong>to</strong> 12 Grey Wagtails and around six Common Sandpipers and few individual<br />
Green Sandpipers were feeding on <strong>the</strong> sand beds <strong>of</strong> Nanu Oya stream opposite <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
entrance <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> President’s Residence. The stream flows through <strong>the</strong> Golf links and<br />
Vic<strong>to</strong>ria Park. This water nourishes Lake Gregory.<br />
On <strong>the</strong> St Andrew’s Cloud Forest Trail, Indian Blue Robin calls are heard from <strong>the</strong><br />
undergrowth. Sri Lanka White Eye, Yellow-eared Bulbul, Dull-blue Flycatcher, Greyheaded<br />
Canary Flycatcher and Sri Lanka Bush Warbler were also seen. The Dusky<br />
Squirrels were busy feeding on wild cardamom flowers, and a few meters away Toque<br />
Monkeys were also seen feeding on <strong>the</strong> same flowers. The bellowing alarm calls <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
Bear Monkeys were heard at a far distance on <strong>the</strong> upper canopies <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> mountain range.<br />
Hor<strong>to</strong>n Plains<br />
On <strong>the</strong> way <strong>to</strong> Ohiya Rhodomyrtus <strong>to</strong>men<strong>to</strong>sa (Seetha pera) a shrub, 3 <strong>to</strong> 6 feet in height<br />
were flowering with bright pinkish tender flowers. While walking <strong>to</strong>wards Worlds End, a<br />
large flock <strong>of</strong> Yellow Eared Bulbul, an endemic bird was seen feeding on <strong>the</strong> ripe fruits<br />
<strong>of</strong> Seetha Pera on ei<strong>the</strong>r sides <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> trail.<br />
Some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> rare orchids Eria bicolor, Oberonia thwaitesii, Eria braccata, Bulbophyllum<br />
wighti, and Robiquetia brevifolia were in full bloom. In <strong>the</strong> wet and semi dry<br />
embankments, <strong>the</strong> luminous red colored ground orchid, Satyrium nepalense, was<br />
observed.<br />
In front <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Wild Life Department's entry ticket is a Michelia nilagirica (Wana sapu)<br />
tree. It was in full bloom with pale yellow flowers.<br />
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
Natural His<strong>to</strong>ry Report from Yala for <strong>the</strong> Month <strong>of</strong> September 2003<br />
The Naturalists <strong>of</strong> Yala Safari Game Lodge, Chandra Jayawardena, Nilantha<br />
Kodituwakku and Nadeera Weerasinghe have made <strong>the</strong> following observations during <strong>the</strong><br />
month <strong>of</strong> September 2003.<br />
Large Mammals<br />
Yala National Park was closed for <strong>the</strong> drought from 16th September <strong>to</strong> 15th Oc<strong>to</strong>ber<br />
2003. Hence <strong>the</strong>se observations are only up <strong>to</strong> 15th September 2003.<br />
Leopards - 22 encounters involving 26 leopards, in 12 days<br />
Bears - 10 encounters involving 11 bears in 10 days<br />
Tuskers - 3 encounters involving 03 tuskers in 03 days<br />
These sighting numbers include multiple sightings <strong>of</strong> individual animals as well.<br />
Birds<br />
309
12/10/2007<br />
Although <strong>the</strong> diversity <strong>of</strong> bird species were low, <strong>the</strong>re was a marked increase in bird<br />
numbers indicating <strong>the</strong> migra<strong>to</strong>ry season was on. This was true <strong>of</strong> forest and wader<br />
migrants, as well.<br />
The Guests <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Yala Safari Game Lodge and <strong>the</strong> Naturalists have recorded <strong>the</strong><br />
presence <strong>of</strong> 15 migra<strong>to</strong>ry species in <strong>the</strong> area.<br />
Flora<br />
Through out <strong>the</strong> month, 36 plant species were observed in flowering and fruiting. Of<br />
which 7 species were in bloom, 23 species were in fruiting and ano<strong>the</strong>r 6 species were in<br />
flowering and fruiting.<br />
PRESS RELEASES<br />
Spoonbill flies away with Rs.100, 000 <strong>to</strong>p prize.<br />
'Poetry in motion’ was <strong>the</strong> reaction <strong>of</strong> one judge. Ano<strong>the</strong>r described it as an image which<br />
does not s<strong>to</strong>p growing on you. Lawrence Worcesier (USA) has taken an image that elicits<br />
an emotional response. It transcends <strong>the</strong> mere recording <strong>of</strong> detail, one function <strong>of</strong><br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphy, <strong>to</strong> ano<strong>the</strong>r domain. It does not matter whe<strong>the</strong>r it is <strong>of</strong> a Spoonbill or <strong>of</strong><br />
which species exactly. The visual subtleties dominate over detail. The image is artistic,<br />
abstract and captivating”. So reads <strong>the</strong> narrative describing <strong>the</strong> overall winning image in<br />
<strong>the</strong> 40 page colour portfolio <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> winning and commended entries, launched at <strong>the</strong><br />
Nature Pho<strong>to</strong>grapher 2003 Prize Giving held at <strong>the</strong> Barefoot Gallery.<br />
The Nature Pho<strong>to</strong>grapher 2003 was open <strong>to</strong> participants worldwide. However, according<br />
<strong>to</strong> Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne, <strong>the</strong> Chairman <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Competition and a Direc<strong>to</strong>r <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>Jetwing</strong>, <strong>the</strong> event is proving especially important <strong>to</strong> pho<strong>to</strong>graphers based in Sri Lanka.<br />
They now have a medium <strong>to</strong> showcase <strong>the</strong>ir talent through <strong>the</strong> exhibition as well as <strong>the</strong><br />
portfolio, which will be on sale in bookshops.<br />
Duncan Murrell (UK) won <strong>the</strong> Mammals section with an almost graphic image <strong>of</strong> a pair<br />
<strong>of</strong> Dolphins. Lawrence Worcesier, who is also this year’s overall winner, won <strong>the</strong> Birds<br />
category with an image <strong>of</strong> a Spoonbill as well as <strong>the</strong> O<strong>the</strong>r Animals category with an<br />
intriguing image <strong>of</strong> a Bee hive at Wat Jet Yot in Chiang Mai, Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Thailand. Dr.<br />
James Callen (USA) claims <strong>the</strong> first prize <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Plant Life category with an image <strong>of</strong> a<br />
Cactus. The Nature Pho<strong>to</strong>grapher 2002 overall winner Aruna Kirtisinghe won first place<br />
in <strong>the</strong> Landscapes category with a captivating image <strong>of</strong> a reflection in a rock pool. Savera<br />
Weerasinghe aged 12 won <strong>the</strong> Young Nature Pho<strong>to</strong>grapher 2003.<br />
The international line up amongst <strong>the</strong> winners demonstrates that <strong>the</strong> event is rapidly<br />
developing in<strong>to</strong> an international art event that will draw attention <strong>to</strong> Sri Lanka.<br />
The Prize Giving was attended by Jude Silva (Manager) <strong>of</strong> Hayleys Pho<strong>to</strong>print agents for<br />
FujiFilm, Sarath Piyaratne (Deputy CEO) HSBC, Shiromal Cooray (MD - <strong>Jetwing</strong><br />
Travels) and Hiran Cooray (<strong>Jetwing</strong> Hotels). The panel <strong>of</strong> judges was drawn from a wide<br />
310
12/10/2007<br />
array <strong>of</strong> disciplines and included pho<strong>to</strong>graphers Lal Anthonis, Gehan de Silva<br />
Wijeyeratne, Rukshan Jayewardene, Laxman Nadarajah, Sarath Perera and Panduka de<br />
Silva, Lilamani Benson from <strong>the</strong> advertising media, field biologist Kelum Manamendra<br />
Arachchi and journalist Cecilia McGuire.<br />
This year's event media campaign was partnered by Daily Mirror, Lankadeepa, Yes FM,<br />
Classic FM, sirasa.com, shakthifm.com, yesfmonline.com, YATV and Explore Sri<br />
Lanka. However, access <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> winning images and <strong>the</strong> s<strong>to</strong>ries associated with <strong>the</strong><br />
competition is available <strong>to</strong> all sections <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> media.<br />
<strong>Jetwing</strong> Pho<strong>to</strong>graphic Guides for Dragonflies and Butterflies<br />
Two pho<strong>to</strong>graphic guide booklets have been published <strong>to</strong> a selection <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> commoner<br />
butterflies and dragonflies <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka. These booklets precede work underway on a<br />
larger book which will combine birds, butterflies and dragonflies. The format <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
booklets is <strong>to</strong> depict a selection <strong>of</strong> species <strong>to</strong> facilitate easy reference and identification in<br />
<strong>the</strong> field. The booklet on Dragonflies is an important publication as it represents <strong>the</strong> first<br />
step, <strong>to</strong> produce a guide for field work. It has 88 images representing 65 species.<br />
Dragonflies and Damselflies are not easy <strong>to</strong> identify in <strong>the</strong> field and a fuller book will be<br />
published in due course which has accompanying text. The butterfly booklet has 63<br />
images depicting 62 species. They will be available at leading bookshops with an<br />
expected retail price <strong>of</strong> around Rs 100.<br />
The two booklets are produced by Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne who has drawn on <strong>the</strong><br />
technical expertise <strong>of</strong> Michael and Nancy van der Poorten on <strong>the</strong> butterflies and Matjaz<br />
Bedjanic and Karen Coniff on <strong>the</strong> Dragonflies. The pho<strong>to</strong>graphy has been undertaken<br />
principally by Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne for <strong>the</strong> butterflies and shared with Matjaz<br />
Bedjanic for <strong>the</strong> Dragonflies. Bedjanic is a researcher with <strong>the</strong> Slovenian Institute <strong>of</strong><br />
Conservation and <strong>the</strong> van der Poorten's are resident in Canada. The booklets demonstrate<br />
how <strong>the</strong> internet has allowed people resident in different countries and continents <strong>to</strong> work<br />
effectively <strong>to</strong>wards a common goal. The structure <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> booklets is simply as a<br />
collection <strong>of</strong> images captioned with <strong>the</strong> English and Latin name. A Sinhala and Tamil<br />
nomenclature does not exist for Butterflies and Dragonflies. Species <strong>of</strong> both groups are<br />
simply referred <strong>to</strong> as a 'Samanalaya' or 'Bath Kura' in Sinhala. The butterfly booklet has<br />
a pronunciation guide <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> English names in Sinhala in <strong>the</strong> accompanying caption. The<br />
pronunciation guide has been excluded for <strong>the</strong> dragonflies because <strong>of</strong> space constraints.<br />
Both booklets will be available in due course on <strong>the</strong> web (www.jetwingeco.com). The<br />
English names for <strong>the</strong> dragonflies had <strong>to</strong> be coined afresh. A key contribu<strong>to</strong>r <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
coining <strong>of</strong> suitable names was Jill Silsby, author <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> "Dragonflies <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> World".<br />
Lalin de Mel, Direc<strong>to</strong>r Marketing <strong>of</strong> <strong>Jetwing</strong> Hotels sees <strong>the</strong> support <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Jetwing</strong><br />
Research Initiative for <strong>the</strong> publications as stemming from two facets. "Firstly, <strong>the</strong>re is a<br />
growing recognition that <strong>the</strong> corporate sec<strong>to</strong>r has an important role <strong>to</strong> play in<br />
safeguarding a future for Sri Lanka's bio-diversity". Secondly, de Mel sees it as an<br />
example <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> search for high yield by <strong>the</strong> Sri Lankan Tourism industry who are<br />
developing new and innovative eco-<strong>to</strong>urism products. <strong>Jetwing</strong> have rapidly become<br />
established as <strong>the</strong> country's most high pr<strong>of</strong>ile Nature Tourism provider after it set up<br />
311
12/10/2007<br />
<strong>Jetwing</strong> Eco <strong>Holidays</strong>, a specialist subsidiary. The <strong>of</strong>fice staff include people such as<br />
Amila Salgado and Chandrika Maelge who are also keen naturalists, an essential attribute<br />
for a specialist service provider. The company is headed by Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne<br />
who with almost weekly appearances in <strong>the</strong> print and television media is emerging as a<br />
wildlife <strong>to</strong>urism celebrity.<br />
According <strong>to</strong> Hiran Cooray, MD <strong>of</strong> <strong>Jetwing</strong> Hotels "Successful eco-<strong>to</strong>urism companies<br />
should be pr<strong>of</strong>itable <strong>to</strong> have <strong>the</strong> resources <strong>to</strong> support research and conservation.<br />
Therefore business success is critical if money or enthusiasm is not <strong>to</strong> wane over <strong>the</strong> long<br />
term". The pho<strong>to</strong>graphs in <strong>the</strong> booklets will be serialized in due course in one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
national newspapers as part <strong>of</strong> Gehan's mission <strong>to</strong> impart knowledge <strong>to</strong> school children.<br />
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
The BIRD SOUNDS <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka<br />
An audio CD featuring 99 species recorded and compiled by Deepal Warakagoda.<br />
Published by Drongo Nature Sounds Library<br />
This is <strong>to</strong> announce <strong>the</strong> first CD <strong>of</strong> bird sounds published in Sri Lanka. 99 species are<br />
featured, <strong>to</strong> fill <strong>the</strong> 99 tracks <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> CD, for 73 minutes. The bird vocalizations selected<br />
for inclusion are distinctive and pleasing ones. The purpose <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> CD is tw<strong>of</strong>old - for use<br />
as an identification guide, or <strong>to</strong> provide a pleasant nature 'soundscape' when played<br />
continuously in <strong>the</strong> background for relaxation or enjoyment, for example, in an <strong>of</strong>fice, at<br />
a ga<strong>the</strong>ring, in a hotel environment, during household work, in a traffic jam, while<br />
driving, or played on <strong>the</strong> computer while working at <strong>the</strong> screen. Bird names are not<br />
announced on <strong>the</strong> soundtrack, as done in <strong>the</strong> previous identification guide series by <strong>the</strong><br />
same recordist.<br />
A leaflet included gives <strong>the</strong> identity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> bird on each track, and a brief introduction <strong>to</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> bird sounds <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka The species are grouped on <strong>the</strong> CD according <strong>to</strong> ten main<br />
habitat types <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka: wet zone, near <strong>to</strong>wns; dry zone forests; hill country gardens;<br />
lakes and marshes; dry zone gardens; wet zone forests; grasslands and scrublands;<br />
lagoons and saltpans; hill country forests; and wet zone, rural gardens.<br />
Copies can be purchased from Eco Rhythm, 5A Perahera Mawatha, Colombo 2. Phone<br />
2439883. Rs 1,200. Also available from <strong>the</strong> Wildlife and Nature Protection Society and<br />
from <strong>the</strong> Wildlife Shop <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Yala Safari Game Lodge.<br />
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
-----------------<br />
SRI LANKA WILDLIFE NEWS is a monthly e-mail <strong>of</strong> birding and wildlife events,<br />
sightings and short notes <strong>of</strong> interest <strong>to</strong> birders, pho<strong>to</strong>graphers, conservationists etc. To<br />
receive a copy, please e-mail gehan@jetwing.lk with "Subscribe Wildlife News" in <strong>the</strong><br />
subject header. SLWN values your privacy, <strong>to</strong> be removed, e-mail with “Unsubscribe<br />
Wildlife News” in <strong>the</strong> header. Please e-mail your sightings, events etc <strong>to</strong><br />
312
12/10/2007<br />
gehan@jetwing.lk. The media are welcome <strong>to</strong> extract details, but please attribute <strong>the</strong><br />
source. Past issues are on www.jetwingeco.com<br />
313
12/10/2007<br />
OCTOBER 2003<br />
314<br />
SRI LANKA WILDLIFE NEWS (Oc<strong>to</strong>ber 2003)<br />
- a monthly compilation by Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne (14/11/2003)<br />
HIGHLIGHTS<br />
[*] Giant Ant or Tiger Beetle?<br />
[*] Jobs with <strong>Jetwing</strong> Eco <strong>Holidays</strong>, Nikon 800 mm for sale (See Advertisements)<br />
[*] Birds and Butterflies in Mannar including Amur Falcon and Wildlife <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
Kandyan Hills (See Reports)<br />
[*] Bird Sounds <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka on CD and Booklets on Butterflies & Dragonflies (See<br />
Press Releases)<br />
[*] Jerdon' Nightjar, Malay Bitttern in Colombo<br />
EVENTS SUMMARY<br />
Monday 17 November Nature Pho<strong>to</strong>grapher 2003 Prize Giving (Not Exhibition, see<br />
below for details <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Exhibition). 6.30 <strong>to</strong> 7.30pm. Barefoot Gallery, 704 Galle Road,<br />
Colombo 6. To be invited in future, please e-mail your address details <strong>to</strong> np@jetwing.lk<br />
Saturday 29 November 2003, Speaker and Topic <strong>to</strong> be confirmed. NBLT, University<br />
<strong>of</strong> Colombo, Colombo 3. Field Ornithology Group <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka 9.30 am. General<br />
Meeting.<br />
Monday 1 December 2003 <strong>to</strong> 15 January 2004 Nature Pho<strong>to</strong>grapher 2003<br />
Exhibition, The Gallery, World Trade Center, Colombo 1. No admision fees. 80<br />
outstanding images from around <strong>the</strong> world, <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> winning and commended entries, from<br />
<strong>the</strong> 2,500 plus images, which competed in <strong>the</strong> Nature Pho<strong>to</strong>grapher 2003 competition.<br />
Friday 5 - 8 December, Field Workshop on Waders, Bundala. For members <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
Field Ornithology Group <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka (FOGSL). Approx Rs 1,750. For membership<br />
enquiries and more details Phone 075 342609. E-mail fogsl@slt.lk<br />
Wed 10 December 6.30 pm. Sharks a much maligned preda<strong>to</strong>r by Lyn Robinson.<br />
Barefoot Gallery, 704 Galle Road, Colombo 6.<br />
Lyn began her research on sharks and <strong>the</strong> shark fishery in Madagascar several years ago,<br />
when she became aware <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> dramatic decline <strong>of</strong> sharks in Malagasy waters. Although<br />
it is normally taboo for a woman <strong>to</strong> be on board a shark fishing vessel, she has been<br />
accepted by <strong>the</strong> local fishers and makes periodic <strong>of</strong>f-shore expeditions with <strong>the</strong>m <strong>to</strong><br />
collect information on species brought in and <strong>to</strong> work with <strong>the</strong>m in developing a more<br />
sustainable fisheries management system. During her stay in Sri Lanka, she has done<br />
preliminary research in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> shark fishery here. Barefoot - SLNHS - <strong>Jetwing</strong> Lecture<br />
Series. [This is a re-scheduling <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lecture which was postponed from 5 September]
12/10/2007<br />
Saturday 27 December 2003, Speaker and Topic <strong>to</strong> be confirmed. NBLT, University<br />
<strong>of</strong> Colombo, Colombo 3. Field Ornithology Group <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka 9.30 am. General<br />
Meeting.<br />
BIRDING & WILDLIFE NEWS<br />
Sunela Jaywaradene called Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne on 14 November, <strong>to</strong> show a<br />
resuced bird, which is believed <strong>to</strong> be a Jerdon's Nightjar. It had fled indoors (13<br />
November), in Sea Street, under pursuit from Crows. It poses <strong>the</strong> intriguing question as <strong>to</strong><br />
whe<strong>the</strong>r a migrant population (local or international) supplements <strong>the</strong> population <strong>of</strong><br />
resident Jerdon's Nightjars in <strong>the</strong> sou<strong>the</strong>rn half <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> country. Interestingly, Gehan and<br />
o<strong>the</strong>rs had a number <strong>of</strong> sightings <strong>of</strong> Jerdon's Nightjars, perched on <strong>the</strong> wires on <strong>the</strong> main<br />
road in Mannar Island on 7 & 8 November. They had recorded none during <strong>the</strong>ir visit in<br />
March 2003.<br />
On <strong>the</strong> same morning (14 November) Chandima Kahandawala got word out <strong>of</strong> a<br />
juvenile Malay Bittern which had been rescued by staff <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Commercial Bank, Union<br />
Place Branch. A sound reason <strong>to</strong> visit <strong>to</strong> your local bank.<br />
The Ceylon Bird Club Birding News carried <strong>the</strong> folowing report on 13 November.<br />
Lester Perera reports an Amur Falcon, immature seen near Yala Safari Game Lodge by<br />
Ruhuna NP Block 1 on 8 November. A male Lesser Kestrel was seen over <strong>the</strong> Uda<br />
Walawe Dam on 10 November, <strong>the</strong> second record <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> species in Sri Lanka.<br />
On 9 November Johan Tornvall visited Navadamkulama Tank and observed 50<br />
Common Coot, <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r with common waterbirds such as Purple Coot and Cot<strong>to</strong>n<br />
Pygmy-goose.<br />
Naomi Roberts and Karen Copeland on <strong>to</strong>ur with Rienzi Warnakulasuriya <strong>of</strong> <strong>Jetwing</strong><br />
Eco <strong>Holidays</strong>, reported a leopard sighting (31 Oc<strong>to</strong>ber) involving three Leopards at <strong>the</strong><br />
Dharshana Wewa in Yala National Park.<br />
Chandrika Maelge reports from a visit <strong>to</strong> Yala (31 Oc<strong>to</strong>ber <strong>to</strong> 3 November). "Many<br />
species <strong>of</strong> butterflies were observed, in small numbers. Common Crow was <strong>the</strong> most<br />
abundant, a few hundred were clustered on a patch <strong>of</strong> Ath Hoda at Koma Wewa. O<strong>the</strong>r<br />
species inlcuded Plain Tiger, Common Tiger, Dark Blue Tiger, Chocolate Soldier,<br />
Yellow Orange-tip, White Orange-tip, Common Jezebel, Small Salmon Arab, Common<br />
Gull, Grass Yellows, Common Leopard, Peacock Pansy, Grey Pansy, Danaid Eggfly,<br />
Psyche, Common Mormon, Lime Butterfly, Crimson Rose and a few o<strong>the</strong>r Whites and<br />
Sulphur species. The highlight was an obliging male Dark Wanderer on <strong>the</strong> Gonagala<br />
Road, which posed with its wings spread open. It is worth quoting Bernard D'Abrera who<br />
writes in his Butterflies <strong>of</strong> Ceylon <strong>the</strong> following on <strong>the</strong> Dark Wanderer. "..... I was only<br />
ever <strong>to</strong> have taken one specimen, a [male], and <strong>the</strong> exaltation I felt was not <strong>the</strong> heart<br />
pumping kind, but ra<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong> kind <strong>of</strong> joy one feels when one chances upon an utterly<br />
enchanting melody or delicately embroided broch set with lapis lazuli and Wedgewood<br />
jasperware, and yet those similes are entirely inadequate <strong>to</strong> describe <strong>the</strong> rare beauty <strong>of</strong><br />
this butterfly".<br />
315
12/10/2007<br />
Frank Byrne and Caroline Ashbolt on <strong>to</strong>ur with Wicky Wickramesekara (<strong>Jetwing</strong><br />
Eco <strong>Holidays</strong>) reports 6 Leopard sightings, involving 7 Leopard in 8 game drives. Their<br />
first sighting was at Wepandeniya Rock, where <strong>the</strong>y were lucky <strong>to</strong> see a mating Leopard<br />
pair on 29th Oct at 0720 hrs. Later that evening at 1640 hrs, KBFC 1 (Kottabediwewa<br />
Female Cub) surprised <strong>the</strong>m by coming as close as 2 feet <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir jeep! On 30th Oct at<br />
1020 hrs, <strong>the</strong> mo<strong>the</strong>r <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> famous Kottabendiwewa Cubs, Talgasmankada Female made<br />
a brief appearance on Meda Para. Next day <strong>the</strong> group saw an adult male Leopard at 1650<br />
hrs, near Darshanawewa and later in <strong>the</strong> evening at 1815 hrs, ano<strong>the</strong>r male Leopard was<br />
seen near Rukwila. On <strong>the</strong>ir final day (1 Nov), <strong>the</strong>y were lucky <strong>to</strong> see <strong>the</strong> Chaitiya Male<br />
near Akasa Chaitiya at 1710 hrs.<br />
On 26 Oc<strong>to</strong>ber 2003, Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne received a phone call from Sriyanie<br />
Miththapala <strong>to</strong> say an Orange-headed Thrush was in <strong>the</strong> garden <strong>of</strong> Janakai<br />
Galapaththi, in Barnes Place, Colombo 7. The bird had been observed lying dazed (or<br />
tired), in <strong>the</strong> garden. When Gehan and subsequently Sunela Jayawardene arrived <strong>the</strong><br />
bird was resting within a shrub.<br />
On Saturday 25 Oc<strong>to</strong>ber 2003, Padmasiri rescued an Indian Pitta being attacked by<br />
crows, in <strong>the</strong> car parking area at Navam Mawatha, near <strong>Jetwing</strong> House. The Indian Pitta<br />
was released in<strong>to</strong> some shrubbery near <strong>the</strong> Golf Course.<br />
Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne sends in <strong>the</strong>se notes from three evening visits <strong>to</strong> Hor<strong>to</strong>n<br />
Plains with Lal de Silva (Naturalist, St Andrews Hotel) from 19-21 Oc<strong>to</strong>ber 2003.<br />
"Several Indian Blue Robin terri<strong>to</strong>ries were noted from calling birds. The highlight <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
visit was encountering a mixed flock <strong>of</strong> Babblers about 2 km before World's End. I heard<br />
<strong>the</strong> calls <strong>of</strong> Orange-billed Babblers and waited patiently. I was rewarded with a small<br />
flock <strong>of</strong> around 4-5 Orange-billed Babblers. Also present was a flock <strong>of</strong> Dark-fronted<br />
Babblers and a pair <strong>of</strong> Scimitar Babblers.<br />
Birds heard (h) or seen on 3 successive visits <strong>to</strong> Hor<strong>to</strong>n Plains included <strong>the</strong> following.<br />
Alpine Swift, Edible-nest Swiftlet, Hill Swallow, Barn Swallow, Pied Bush Chat, Zitting<br />
Cisticola, Dark-fronted Babbler, Scimitar Babbler, Orange-billed Babbler, Common<br />
Buzzard, Indian Pipit, Bar-winged Flycatchershrike, Grey-headed Canary Flycatcher, Sri<br />
Lanka White-eye, Pale-billed Flowerpecker, Green Leaf Warbler, Large-billed Leaf<br />
Warbler, Common Tailorbird, Great Tit, Greater Flameback (Crimson-backed<br />
Woodpecker), Yellow-eared Bulbul, Indian Blue Robin (h), Blackbird, Large-billed<br />
Crow, Greater Coucal (h), Grey Wagtail, Sri Lanka Whistling Thrush (h), Brown Wood<br />
Owl (h) and Sri Lanka Junglefowl. The large pond close <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Milk Fac<strong>to</strong>ry in<br />
Ambewela had around ten Little Cormorants.<br />
Butterflies present included a Pea Blue, Ceylon Tiger and <strong>the</strong> Common Bluebottle.<br />
On 16 Oc<strong>to</strong>ber, Hasantha Lokugamage was called by <strong>the</strong> restaurant staff <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
Lighthouse Hotel & Spa <strong>to</strong> examine a bird which had crashed in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> hotel. It turned out<br />
<strong>to</strong> be a Blue-breasted Quail.<br />
316
12/10/2007<br />
Charles Sanitiapillai reports "I was in Kumana on 11 Oc<strong>to</strong>ber where I was a bit lucky <strong>to</strong><br />
see a pair <strong>of</strong> Glossy Ibis at <strong>the</strong> Thunmulla Wewa at 1320 hrs. Later in <strong>the</strong> day, I saw more<br />
than a hundred Painted S<strong>to</strong>rks, including 77 juveniles at <strong>the</strong> Gammana Kotessa".<br />
Glen Ma<strong>the</strong>w visited Yala from 16th <strong>to</strong> 19th Oc<strong>to</strong>ber 2003 and stayed at <strong>the</strong> Varahana.<br />
He says "On <strong>the</strong> way <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> bungalow at Kotabendi Wewa we saw three leopards under a<br />
Malithan tree and <strong>the</strong> fourth on a kill feedind on a buffalo. Wecame back after lunch and<br />
and <strong>the</strong>y were <strong>the</strong>re till late evening.The next morning <strong>the</strong> male and female was on <strong>the</strong><br />
Thalgasmankada road. Fur<strong>the</strong>r down <strong>the</strong> road we saw ano<strong>the</strong>r lepoard close <strong>to</strong> Koma<br />
Wewa.On <strong>the</strong> evening round followed a bear on Suduwellimulla Road for about 30<br />
minutes. We had leopard sightings sightings morning and evening from <strong>the</strong> 16th <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
18th Oct.<br />
Dinarzarde Raheem who examined <strong>the</strong> images <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> "Giant Ant" reported from Yala<br />
Sagari Game Lodge has sent in <strong>the</strong> follwoing comments.<br />
Thanks for <strong>the</strong> images. I am pretty sure it isn't an ant. Looks like a beetle, possibly a tiger<br />
beetle (Cicindellidae). Ants have got a very well defined and narrow 'waist' demarcating<br />
<strong>the</strong> boundary <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> abdomen and thorax. As for <strong>the</strong> ant -beetle <strong>the</strong>re is a lot <strong>of</strong> crosstaxon<br />
mimicry amongst insects, but tiger beetles are not like your bog-standard carabid.<br />
They are fantastic preda<strong>to</strong>ry beetles incredibly quick and very agile. A good place <strong>to</strong><br />
catch <strong>the</strong>m in action in Colombo is <strong>the</strong> Colombo Museum grounds just under <strong>the</strong> large<br />
Banyan tree and near <strong>the</strong> Buddha statue. On bright, sunny days you can see tiger beetles<br />
flitting around on <strong>the</strong> sandy ground near <strong>the</strong> Buddha statue as <strong>the</strong>y forage about for food.<br />
I am pretty sure that you will also be able <strong>to</strong> find a couple <strong>of</strong> species on <strong>the</strong> sandy edges<br />
<strong>of</strong> salterns like Palatupana and <strong>the</strong> chances <strong>of</strong> finding <strong>the</strong>m moving around in <strong>the</strong> Yala<br />
Safari Game Lodge grounds is high.<br />
Vernon Tissera was in Kumana on <strong>the</strong> 18th Oc<strong>to</strong>ber. He notes "At Thung Mulla a<br />
single Glossy Ibis was seen amongst 50-60 Blac-tailed Godwits and Black-winged Stilts.<br />
The Glossy Ibis was spotted by Shirley Perera and conveyed <strong>to</strong> me. I <strong>to</strong>o <strong>the</strong>reafter saw it<br />
myself. There were many Blue-tailed and Chestnut-headed Beeaters, Forest Wagtails,<br />
Racket-tailed Drongos on <strong>the</strong> road <strong>to</strong> Gal Amuna.There are hundreds <strong>of</strong> juvenile Painted<br />
and Openbill S<strong>to</strong>rk around and many Purple Coot. Many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> existing roads that were<br />
overgrown with shrubs have been cleared. Two parties staying at "Hideaway" visiting<br />
<strong>the</strong> park have seen leopard and bear.We were very lucky <strong>to</strong> be with a leopard for over a<br />
hour. In fact it appeared tame as it did not at any stage show fright. At one stage it got up<br />
turned round and sat down again. Long may this last although I can see that sooner or<br />
later it will be <strong>the</strong> Mafia who have taken over both Yala and Uda Walawa spoiling this<br />
park <strong>to</strong>o, for genuine animal watchers. There are plenty <strong>of</strong> Yellow and Cinnamon<br />
Bitterns around but I have not seen <strong>the</strong> Ruddy Crake for some time".<br />
Chitral Jayatilake send in a report from Yala National Park. We spent <strong>the</strong> weekend at<br />
Yala (from <strong>the</strong> 17th <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> 19th Oct ) and <strong>the</strong> park looked pretty green after <strong>the</strong> recent<br />
317
12/10/2007<br />
showers which had fallen more so <strong>to</strong>wards <strong>the</strong> Thalgasmankada end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> park. 4<br />
Leopard sightings were made with one Tusker ("Parakum") observed on <strong>the</strong> Meda Para<br />
but <strong>the</strong> usually shy elephant refused <strong>to</strong> be pho<strong>to</strong>graphed. A couple <strong>of</strong> herds <strong>of</strong> elephant<br />
were observed as <strong>the</strong>y make <strong>the</strong>ir return <strong>to</strong> Block 1 with <strong>the</strong> onset <strong>of</strong> rains this time <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
year.<br />
The Kotabendi Wewa Cubs were seen on 18th Saturday morning walking along <strong>the</strong><br />
Thalgas junction <strong>to</strong>wards Meda Para. The female still looks very playful with little<br />
interest shown by <strong>the</strong> male <strong>to</strong>wards her. These could be early signs <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cubs separating<br />
in <strong>the</strong> next couple <strong>of</strong> months as <strong>the</strong>y are now over 15 months <strong>of</strong> age. The Injured<br />
Leopard with <strong>the</strong> left hind leg out <strong>of</strong> use was seen drinking near <strong>the</strong> Chaitya turn <strong>of</strong>f and<br />
<strong>the</strong> animal looked <strong>to</strong> be in a ra<strong>the</strong>r weak state perhaps under nourished as a result <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
injury. It has survived since May this year and is interesting <strong>to</strong> see how well it will adapt<br />
under trying conditions.<br />
The arrival <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> migrant birds were evident with most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> commoner species seen in<br />
considerable numbers.<br />
ADVERTISEMENTS<br />
JOBS<br />
<strong>Jetwing</strong> Eco <strong>Holidays</strong> are looking for exceptionally individuals <strong>to</strong> join <strong>the</strong>ir team.<br />
Individuals must have a high degree <strong>of</strong> numerical competency and be fluent in written<br />
and spoken English. An interest in wildlife is an advantage. Prior experience in <strong>to</strong>urism is<br />
not needed. Bright school leavers are encouraged <strong>to</strong> apply.<br />
To be eligible <strong>to</strong> apply, you must be able <strong>to</strong> solve <strong>the</strong> following equations.<br />
Question 1<br />
X(squared) +Y(squared) + Z ((squared)) = 6 (1)<br />
X + Y = 3 (2)<br />
X - Z = 2 (3)<br />
Question 2<br />
P(squared) + 7C +6 =0<br />
If you meet <strong>the</strong> grade, please e-mail your CV <strong>to</strong> eco@jetwing.lk or snail mail <strong>to</strong><br />
Manager, <strong>Jetwing</strong> Eco <strong>Holidays</strong>, 46/26 Navam Mawatha, Colombo 2, Sri Lanka.<br />
FOR SALE<br />
A Nikon ED 800mm f 5.6, manual focus lens. Rs 275,000. Please call 0712 743303.<br />
318
12/10/2007<br />
REPORTS<br />
Natural His<strong>to</strong>ry Report from <strong>the</strong> Kandya Hills<br />
Dhammithra Samarasinghe<br />
August 14th<br />
Trekked Mount Shaheen with Mr & Mrs Nilantha Bandara (Environmentalist, Hotel<br />
Sigiriya) and Hasantha Lokugamage (Naturalist, Lighthouse Hotel). On <strong>the</strong> peak, I saw a<br />
herb with white flowers, an endemic herb Knoxia platycarpa, belonging <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> family<br />
RUBIACEAE. It was in <strong>the</strong> undergrowth <strong>of</strong> a Pine plantation.<br />
August 15th<br />
Hasantha Lokugamage and myself went along <strong>the</strong> Simpsons Trek and, we saw three Red<br />
Pierrots (Gossamerwing Butterflies) flying very low and parallel <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> road. We<br />
continued our walk and within a 100m stretch we were able <strong>to</strong> count more than 13<br />
individuals. On opur left was an area covered with rocks. On <strong>the</strong>se rocks we saw<br />
Akkapana plants (Kalanchoe pinnata) and <strong>the</strong> larvae <strong>of</strong> Red Pierrot feed on this plant.<br />
The Red Pierrot population must be very high within this small stretch because <strong>of</strong> this<br />
food plant. O<strong>the</strong>r butterflies observed inlcluded Ceylon Tiger (endemic), Ceylon Tree<br />
Nymph, Common Bluebottle, Common Birdwing and Tamil Lacewing.<br />
August 18th<br />
Explored <strong>the</strong> misty Hunnas Peak, with Hasantha Lokugamage. As we neared <strong>the</strong> peak<br />
(1,514 m msl), we observed a Black Eagle soaring over <strong>the</strong> ridge in Hunnas. Inside <strong>the</strong><br />
forest, <strong>the</strong> temperature was 19.30 o C. A notable feature in <strong>the</strong> forest was <strong>the</strong> Tenent's<br />
Horn-nosed Lizard (Cera<strong>to</strong>phora tennentii) which is endemic and restricted <strong>to</strong> Knuckles<br />
range.<br />
During this visit we were able <strong>to</strong> observe and identify lot <strong>of</strong> wild flowers, most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m<br />
were endemic .The first observation was <strong>the</strong> Binara (Exacum trinervium) with light<br />
purple flowers and it was an endemic herb. We saw two species <strong>of</strong> Osbeckia. One was<br />
Osbeckia octandra which was an endemic. Ano<strong>the</strong>r was Osbeckia rubicunda.<br />
We recorded two Balsam species (Impatiens sp). One was with purple flowers and o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
one with white flowers, which was very common on <strong>the</strong> stream banks. When we were<br />
walking along <strong>the</strong> footpath we saw an endemic Bombu tree (Symplocos bractealis), <strong>the</strong><br />
whole tree was covered with white flowers. On <strong>the</strong> peak <strong>the</strong>re was a small waterfall and<br />
close <strong>to</strong> this we saw a large tree with white flowers. It was Sudu-mihiriya (Gordonia<br />
ceylanica) an endemic tree. The Wel-adanaheeriya (Crotalaria walkeri) also very<br />
common on <strong>the</strong> peak. It is an endemic small shrub.<br />
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
319
12/10/2007<br />
BIRDS AND BUTTERFLIES IN MANNAR<br />
Friday 7 November <strong>to</strong> Sunday 9 November 2003<br />
Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne, Amila Salgado, Wicky Wickremesekera, Sam Caseer<br />
and Nandana Hewagamage.<br />
The following is a brief account <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> birds and butterflies observed on a visit <strong>to</strong> Mannar<br />
by a team from <strong>Jetwing</strong> Eco <strong>Holidays</strong> between 7 <strong>to</strong> 9th November 2003. Some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
sites covered en route are also mentioned.<br />
Friday 7 November 2003<br />
Tabbowa Tank (15 km post, A12)<br />
Tabbowa Tank held good numbers <strong>of</strong> waterbirds including migrants such as Wood,<br />
Marsh, Common and Curlew Sandpiper, Gull-billed Terns, Whiskered Terns etc.<br />
A Plaintive Cuckoo (red phase) was observed beside <strong>the</strong> road before Nochchiyagama.<br />
The exact location was not noted. Around <strong>the</strong> 63 km post <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> A12, we slowed down <strong>to</strong><br />
examine a coconut grove, in search <strong>of</strong> Golden-backed Woodpecker. Much <strong>to</strong> our surprise<br />
we found a pair <strong>of</strong> Crimson-backed Woodpeckers (Greater Flameback). We had always<br />
thought <strong>of</strong> it as a bird <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> wet zone forests with village garden habitats such as this,<br />
occupied by its congener <strong>the</strong> Red-backed Woodpecker (Black-rumped Flameback). At<br />
Rambewa, we were surprised when an Eurasian Otter crossed in <strong>the</strong> middle <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>wn<br />
and disappeared in<strong>to</strong> a grassy thicket beside a school.<br />
On <strong>the</strong> mainland, near Mannar, we paused several times <strong>to</strong> observe Black Drongo, Longtailed<br />
Shrike, Grey <strong>Part</strong>ridge etc. Two Honey Buzzards and two Black-shouldered Kites<br />
and several Serpent Eagles and Brahminy Kites were amongst <strong>the</strong> rap<strong>to</strong>rs observed.<br />
Nearing <strong>the</strong> Mannar Causeway we explored <strong>the</strong> flooded plains <strong>of</strong> Periyar Kalapuwa<br />
around Vankalai. A thousand or more ducks (mainly Garganey and Widgeon) were in<br />
<strong>the</strong> distance. The Thalladi Freshwater Pond had a solitary Spot-billed Duck.<br />
Saturday 8 November 2003 (Morning, Talaimannar)<br />
We visited Talaimannar in <strong>the</strong> morning and went <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> fishing boat quay. We decided<br />
not <strong>to</strong> take a boat <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> 'Sand Banks' or chain <strong>of</strong> islets known as Adam's Bridge. Instead<br />
we focused on birding in <strong>the</strong> area a few hundred meters from where <strong>the</strong> fishing boat were<br />
ber<strong>the</strong>d on <strong>the</strong> beach. We remained here till about 1.00 pm. A large flock <strong>of</strong> Heuglin's<br />
Gulls were perched on <strong>the</strong> beach and numbered around 500. Ano<strong>the</strong>r flock <strong>of</strong> gulls was<br />
perched in <strong>the</strong> distance and probably contained <strong>the</strong> same number. This means <strong>the</strong>re were<br />
an estimated 1,000 Heuglin's Gulls. This was a remarkable increase from our visit on 13 -<br />
16 March 2003, where we estimated 20 - 30 Heuglin's. There were less than 10 Brownheaded<br />
Gulls (compared <strong>to</strong> 200 plus in March 2003). Interestingly, not one single Pallas's<br />
Gull was recorded during our two night visit <strong>to</strong> Mannar. Quite a diversity <strong>of</strong> waders were<br />
recorded in <strong>the</strong> inter-tidal pools on <strong>the</strong> beach front. This included Sanderling (5 plus), a<br />
small flock <strong>of</strong> about a dozen Terek Sandpiper, five Bar-tailed Godwit, Lesser Sand<br />
Plover, Greater Sand Plover, Curlew Sandpiper, Marsh Sandpiper, Greenshank etc. The<br />
320
12/10/2007<br />
Bar-tailed Godwits, a scarce visi<strong>to</strong>r <strong>to</strong> Sri Lanka was a treat as <strong>the</strong> birds progressively<br />
moved closer and closer <strong>to</strong> us. They were in winter plumage and lacked any hint <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
rich <strong>to</strong>nes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> summer plumage. Caspian Terns regularly flews past and a flock <strong>of</strong> 20<br />
plus Common Terns perched on a water surrounded sand islet in <strong>the</strong> inter tidal zone.<br />
Little Terns were also observed but no Lesser or Great Crested Terns were observed.<br />
A Little Egret moved in<strong>to</strong> a pool created on <strong>the</strong> wide beach by <strong>the</strong> incoming tide (around<br />
12 noon) and began <strong>to</strong> fish by chasing after <strong>the</strong> fish that were coming in. It was very<br />
successful and caught about a fish a minute during ten minutes <strong>of</strong> observation.<br />
Saturday 8 November (Evening, Periyar Kalapuwa)<br />
In <strong>the</strong> evening we visited <strong>the</strong> Periyar Kalapuwa on <strong>the</strong> B 420. Around <strong>the</strong> 3 km post we<br />
alighted <strong>to</strong> watch a flock <strong>of</strong> ducks in <strong>the</strong> distance <strong>to</strong>wards <strong>the</strong> west. It contained a few<br />
hundred, possibly a thousand, Widgeon and also Garganey. A handful <strong>of</strong> Shoveller were<br />
also present.<br />
On 3 or 4 occasions we had Harriers flying past. Both Pallid and Montagus Harriers were<br />
observed. The male Montagu's was easy, <strong>the</strong> female Pallid's identification <strong>to</strong>ok some<br />
thought. Whimbrel and Curlew and many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> common wader species were also<br />
present.<br />
"Around 6.30 pm, we were about <strong>to</strong> leave when Sam Caseer drew attention <strong>to</strong> a small<br />
rap<strong>to</strong>r perched on a thorn bush. We believe this maybe a juvenile Amur Falcon. A<br />
detailed note on this is given at <strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong> this report.<br />
On evening night drives, along <strong>the</strong> main road (A14) on Friday and Saturday, we had a<br />
few Jerdon's Nightjars perched on telephone wires. We had not recorded any during our<br />
visit in March 2003.<br />
Sunday 9 November 2003 (Morning, Periyar Kalapuwa)<br />
Two Spot-billed Duck were observed from <strong>the</strong> Mannar Causeway. We visited <strong>the</strong> Periyar<br />
Kalapuwa and spent about an hour making a slow approach on a flock <strong>of</strong> ducks which<br />
included mainly Garganey and Widgeon. We estimated that were in <strong>the</strong> order <strong>of</strong> 2,000<br />
ducks, which Garganey and Widgeon making up approximately half each. There were<br />
also a few Shoveller present. A pack <strong>of</strong> stray dogs kept putting <strong>the</strong> ducks up and <strong>the</strong>y<br />
repeatedly flew around and returned <strong>to</strong> a pool <strong>of</strong> water. Over a period <strong>of</strong> time <strong>the</strong> action<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> dogs was <strong>to</strong> bring <strong>the</strong> birds closer <strong>to</strong> us. There were also a few Shoveller present.<br />
The pho<strong>to</strong>graphs taken <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> flocks in flight are yet <strong>to</strong> be studied for species we have<br />
overlooked.<br />
Towards <strong>the</strong> west, when coming from Thalladi <strong>to</strong> Vankalai, a flock <strong>of</strong> Black-tailed<br />
Godwits was present near <strong>the</strong> 2 km post. An estimated 500 were present and medley <strong>of</strong><br />
calls could be heard. Looking east from <strong>the</strong> B420, <strong>the</strong> plains which were dry in March,<br />
were now a vast mud flat. Most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> common wader species were present. We estimate<br />
that <strong>the</strong>re were over 5,000 waders on <strong>the</strong>se flats. This may well be an underestimate.<br />
321
12/10/2007<br />
Whilst we were observing <strong>the</strong> ducks, a flock <strong>of</strong> over 200 Golden Plover flew overhead.<br />
These may well be migrants who are still arriving. Mannar should be <strong>the</strong> equivalent <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> Scilly Isles as a migration hot spot in Sri Lanka.<br />
The highlight <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> morning visit was a displaying Sand Lizard (Sitana ponticeriana).<br />
It was very active and ran in short spurts, covering a few feet at a time. Its behaviour was<br />
more reminiscent <strong>of</strong> a Skink than an Agamid Lizard. It kept flickering a gular sac in and<br />
out. The gular sac was a vivid blue, almost iridescent in <strong>the</strong> sun.<br />
A good view was obtained <strong>of</strong> a nearly adult female Pallid Harrier whose identity was<br />
confirmed after examining a pho<strong>to</strong>graph.<br />
On our way back, on 9 November, from 6.00 <strong>to</strong> 6.30 pm, we s<strong>to</strong>pped at Tabbowa Wewa.<br />
There was a tight flock <strong>of</strong> 1,000 plus waders. These were mainly Curlew Sandpipers and<br />
Little Stints. Marsh Sandpipers were also present.<br />
SUMMARY NOTES ON THE MAMMALS, BIRDS AND BUTTERFLIES<br />
Mammals<br />
The only mammals observed were a Grey Mongoose, Palm Squirrels and a Black-naped<br />
Hare. On our previous visit we recorded Common Indian Civet.<br />
Butterflies<br />
Mannar and <strong>the</strong> area from Giant's Tank was very good for butterflies. One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
commonest was <strong>the</strong> Small Salmon Arab. O<strong>the</strong>r species recorded included Common Rose,<br />
Crimson Rose, Plain Tiger, Common Tiger, Chocolate Soldier, Common Leopard, Grass<br />
Yellows, Orange Tip, Crimson Tip, Common Gull, various Blues, Common Pierrot etc.<br />
The Joker was recorded at Giant's Tank.<br />
Birds<br />
Birds not seen on <strong>the</strong> previous Mannar visit were Ashy Prinia (Periyar Kalapuwa),<br />
Brahminy Starling, Plaintive Cuckoo, Montagu's Harrier, Pallid Harrier, Jerdon's Nightjar<br />
and Amur Falcon. The <strong>to</strong>tal number <strong>of</strong> species recorded by staff <strong>of</strong> <strong>Jetwing</strong> Eco <strong>Holidays</strong><br />
in <strong>the</strong> area from Giant's Tank <strong>to</strong> Talaimannar in Mannar Island is 127 species.<br />
DISTANCES AND ACCOMMODATION<br />
The previous Mannar Trip Report included information on accommodation and distances.<br />
This information has been repeated below, as it will be useful for those planning a visit.<br />
We have also included details <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Medawachchiya Rest House run by <strong>the</strong> Hotels<br />
Corporation. They served a good rice and curry for lunch.<br />
Key distance markers en route<br />
Nawadamkulama turn <strong>of</strong>f (106 km post, A3)<br />
Tabbowa Wewa (15 km post, A12)<br />
Wilpattu National Park Turn <strong>of</strong>f road B028 (45 km post, A12. 183 km from Colombo)<br />
Nochchiyagama (52 km post, A12)<br />
Palm Garden Village Hotel, near Anuradhapura (69 km post, A12)<br />
322
12/10/2007<br />
Anuradhapura (71 km post, A12. 209 km from Colombo)<br />
Cheddikulam (25 km post, A14)<br />
Mannar Causeway (82 km post, A14)<br />
Pesalai, Mannar Island (100 km post, A14)<br />
Accommodation<br />
We stayed at Manjula Inn, 2nd Cross Street, Mannar. Phone 023 32037. It is run by Sam<br />
and his wife. We occupied two inter connecting rooms, upstairs, with common<br />
bathrooms. Clean and comfortable. Superb home cooked food, in what is essentially<br />
Sam's home. He has ano<strong>the</strong>r couple <strong>of</strong> rooms downstairs. Rs 500 for room only.<br />
Sinnatamby's Restaurant, Thavulpadu Road, Mannar. Phone 023 32748. 1 room with<br />
no attached bathroom for Rs 300 and 2 rooms with attached bathroom for Rs 500. All<br />
rooms have fans. Clean, but not as homely as Manjula Inn. Birders may like <strong>the</strong> location.<br />
Medawachchiya Rest House, Medawachchiya. Phone 025 2245699<br />
4 Twin Beds with attached bathroom. One with a/c. B&B Locals Rs 1,300. A/c room Rs<br />
1,300 for room only. Breakfast Rs 150 per person. Approximately 35 miles <strong>to</strong> Mannar or<br />
about an hour plus 15 minutes drive. Clean, airy and spacious public areas. Rooms were<br />
also <strong>of</strong> a good size and clean.<br />
Notes on <strong>the</strong> identification <strong>of</strong> an Amur Falcon<br />
"Around 6.30 pm, we were about <strong>to</strong> leave when Sam Caseer drew attention <strong>to</strong> a small<br />
rap<strong>to</strong>r perched on a thorn bush. It was about <strong>the</strong> size <strong>of</strong> a Common Myna and was<br />
longitudinally streaked on <strong>the</strong> throat and breast. It had an orange yellow cere and legs. A<br />
yellow eye ring was also visible. The legs had a more pronounced orangish tint. The<br />
upperparts were a slaty grey and <strong>the</strong> upper-tail was not barred. There was a dark mask<br />
across <strong>the</strong> eyes, but <strong>the</strong>re was no moustachial stripe. Subsequent examination <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphs by Namal Kamalgoda drew our attention <strong>to</strong> a hint <strong>of</strong> a moustachial stripe.<br />
The under-tail coverts and thighs did not have any trace <strong>of</strong> orange.<br />
We had with us Collins Bird Guide (Lars Svensson et al, Collins) Birds <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Indian<br />
Subcontinent by Inskipp et al (Helm, A&C Black) and A Field Guide <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Birds <strong>of</strong> Sri<br />
Lanka by John Harrison (OUP). The bird has a light patch on <strong>the</strong> nape. Interestingly, <strong>the</strong><br />
plate in Collins Bird Guide shows <strong>the</strong> juvenile <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Eurasian Hobby (Falco subbuteo)<br />
having a lighter patch on <strong>the</strong> nape. But this is not a diagnostic feature, as far as we can<br />
ascertain. So far, <strong>the</strong> Eurasian Hobby has not ben recorded fro Sri Lanka. The Hobby<br />
recorded from Sri Lanka is <strong>the</strong> Oriental Hobby (Falco severus) and <strong>the</strong> dark hood shown<br />
for <strong>the</strong> juvenile in Inskipp et al, eliminates it.<br />
Both Amur and Eurasian Hobby juveniles are shown having a moustachial stripe, in<br />
Inskipp et al and Svensson et al. The bird we observed lacked this feature, adding <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
uncertainty <strong>of</strong> its identity. It had pale fringes on <strong>the</strong> mantle which showed that it was a<br />
juvenile. As <strong>the</strong> lighting was clear enough <strong>to</strong> show <strong>the</strong> pale fringes, it is likely that any<br />
tail barring would have shown.This bird lacked upper tail barring, a feature <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
juvenile Eurasian Hobby (per <strong>the</strong> plate in Svensson et al) .<br />
323
12/10/2007<br />
The plumage details were not conclusive. The absence <strong>of</strong> a moustachial stripe<br />
contradicted what was expected <strong>of</strong> both Hobby and Amur. On <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r hand, some<br />
plumage features pointed <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> unrecorded Eurasian Hobby and o<strong>the</strong>rs <strong>to</strong> a juvenile<br />
Amur Falcon. In terms <strong>of</strong> behavious, both <strong>the</strong> Amur and <strong>the</strong> Eurasin Hobby are described<br />
as being active in<strong>to</strong> dusk.<br />
Inskipp et al describes Amur as "in all plumages, has red <strong>to</strong> pale orange cere, ere-ring,<br />
legs and feet". The streaked underparts were on a white background and lacked <strong>the</strong><br />
orangish <strong>to</strong>nes <strong>of</strong> an Eurasian Hobby shown in <strong>the</strong> plates in Inskipp et al and Svensson et<br />
al. These details favoured its identity as a juvenile Amur Falcon.<br />
Fur<strong>the</strong>r support <strong>of</strong> its identity as a juvenile Amur came when it sallied out in a slow flight<br />
and partially hovered, for a fraction <strong>of</strong> time. This flight pattern fits <strong>the</strong> Amur. The Hobby<br />
has a swift dashing flight. We subsequently read that <strong>the</strong> Eurasian Hobby may also<br />
occasionally hover (Handbook <strong>of</strong> Bird Identification for Europe and <strong>the</strong> Western<br />
Palearctic by Mark Beaman and Steve Made, Helm, A&C Black).<br />
Based on <strong>the</strong> flight pattern, <strong>the</strong> orangish yellow cere and legs, <strong>the</strong> lack <strong>of</strong> an orangish<br />
<strong>to</strong>ne on <strong>the</strong> underparts, we believe it is likely <strong>to</strong> be a juvenile Amur Falcon.<br />
PRESS RELEASES<br />
<strong>Jetwing</strong> Pho<strong>to</strong>graphic Guides for Dragonflies and Butterflies<br />
Two pho<strong>to</strong>graphic guide booklets have been published <strong>to</strong> a selection <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> commoner<br />
butterflies and dragonflies <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka. These booklets precede work underway on a<br />
larger book which will combine birds, butterflies and dragonflies. The format <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
booklets is <strong>to</strong> depict a selection <strong>of</strong> species <strong>to</strong> facilitate easy reference and identification in<br />
<strong>the</strong> field. The booklet on Dragonflies is an important publication as it represents <strong>the</strong> first<br />
step, <strong>to</strong> produce a guide for field work. It has 88 images representing 65 species.<br />
Dragonflies and Damselflies are not easy <strong>to</strong> identify in <strong>the</strong> field and a fuller book will be<br />
published in due course which has accompanying text. The butterfly booklet has 63<br />
images depicting 62 species. They will be available at leading bookshops with an<br />
expected retail price <strong>of</strong> around Rs 100.<br />
The two booklets are produced by Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne who has drawn on <strong>the</strong><br />
technical expertise <strong>of</strong> Michael and Nancy van der Poorten on <strong>the</strong> butterflies and Matjaz<br />
Bedjanic and Karen Coniff on <strong>the</strong> Dragonflies. The pho<strong>to</strong>graphy has been undertaken<br />
principally by Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne for <strong>the</strong> butterflies and shared with Matjaz<br />
Bedjanic for <strong>the</strong> Dragonflies. Bedjanic is a researcher with <strong>the</strong> Slovenian Institute <strong>of</strong><br />
Conservation and <strong>the</strong> van der Poorten's are resident in Canada. The booklets demonstrate<br />
how <strong>the</strong> internet has allowed people resident in different countries and continents <strong>to</strong> work<br />
effectively <strong>to</strong>wards a common goal. The structure <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> booklets is simply as a<br />
collection <strong>of</strong> images captioned with <strong>the</strong> English and Latin name. A Sinhala and Tamil<br />
nomenclature does not exist for Butterflies and Dragonflies. Species <strong>of</strong> both groups are<br />
simply referred <strong>to</strong> as a 'Samanalaya' or 'Bath Kura' in Sinhala. The butterfly booklet has<br />
324
12/10/2007<br />
a pronunciation guide <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> English names in Sinhala in <strong>the</strong> accompanying caption. The<br />
pronunciation guide has been excluded for <strong>the</strong> dragonflies because <strong>of</strong> space constraints.<br />
Both booklets will be available in due course on <strong>the</strong> web (www.jetwingeco.com). The<br />
English names for <strong>the</strong> dragonflies had <strong>to</strong> be coined afresh. A key contribu<strong>to</strong>r <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
coining <strong>of</strong> suitable names was Jill Silsby, author <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> "Dragonflies <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> World".<br />
Lalin de Mel, Direc<strong>to</strong>r Marketing <strong>of</strong> <strong>Jetwing</strong> Hotels sees <strong>the</strong> support <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Jetwing</strong><br />
Research Initiative for <strong>the</strong> publications as stemming from two facets. "Firstly, <strong>the</strong>re is a<br />
growing recognition that <strong>the</strong> corporate sec<strong>to</strong>r has an important role <strong>to</strong> play in<br />
safeguarding a future for Sri Lanka's bio-diversity". Secondly, de Mel sees it as an<br />
example <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> search for high yield by <strong>the</strong> Sri Lankan Tourism industry who are<br />
developing new and innovative eco-<strong>to</strong>urism products. <strong>Jetwing</strong> have rapidly become<br />
established as <strong>the</strong> country's most high pr<strong>of</strong>ile Nature Tourism provider after it set up<br />
<strong>Jetwing</strong> Eco <strong>Holidays</strong>, a specialist subsidiary. The <strong>of</strong>fice staff include people such as<br />
Amila Salgado and Chandrika Maelge who are also keen naturalists, an essential attribute<br />
for a specialist service provider. The company is headed by Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne<br />
who with almost weekly appearances in <strong>the</strong> print and television media is emerging as a<br />
wildlife <strong>to</strong>urism celebrity.<br />
According <strong>to</strong> Hiran Cooray, MD <strong>of</strong> <strong>Jetwing</strong> Hotels "Successful eco-<strong>to</strong>urism companies<br />
should be pr<strong>of</strong>itable <strong>to</strong> have <strong>the</strong> resources <strong>to</strong> support research and conservation.<br />
Therefore business success is critical if money or enthusiasm is not <strong>to</strong> wane over <strong>the</strong> long<br />
term". The pho<strong>to</strong>graphs in <strong>the</strong> booklets will be serialized in due course in one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
national newspapers as part <strong>of</strong> Gehan's mission <strong>to</strong> impart knowledge <strong>to</strong> school children.<br />
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
The BIRD SOUNDS <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka<br />
An audio CD featuring 99 species recorded and compiled by Deepal Warakagoda.<br />
Published by Drongo Nature Sounds Library<br />
This is <strong>to</strong> announce <strong>the</strong> first CD <strong>of</strong> bird sounds published in Sri Lanka. 99 species are<br />
featured, <strong>to</strong> fill <strong>the</strong> 99 tracks <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> CD, for 73 minutes. The bird vocalizations selected<br />
for inclusion are distinctive and pleasing ones. The purpose <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> CD is tw<strong>of</strong>old - for use<br />
as an identification guide, or <strong>to</strong> provide a pleasant nature 'soundscape' when played<br />
continuously in <strong>the</strong> background for relaxation or enjoyment, for example, in an <strong>of</strong>fice, at<br />
a ga<strong>the</strong>ring, in a hotel environment, during household work, in a traffic jam, while<br />
driving, or played on <strong>the</strong> computer while working at <strong>the</strong> screen. Bird names are not<br />
announced on <strong>the</strong> soundtrack, as done in <strong>the</strong> previous identification guide series by <strong>the</strong><br />
same recordist.<br />
A leaflet included gives <strong>the</strong> identity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> bird on each track, and a brief introduction <strong>to</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> bird sounds <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka The species are grouped on <strong>the</strong> CD according <strong>to</strong> ten main<br />
habitat types <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka: wet zone, near <strong>to</strong>wns; dry zone forests; hill country gardens;<br />
325
12/10/2007<br />
lakes and marshes; dry zone gardens; wet zone forests; grasslands and scrublands;<br />
lagoons and saltpans; hill country forests; and wet zone, rural gardens.<br />
Copies can be purchased from Eco Rhythm, 5A Perahera Mawatha, Colombo 2. Phone<br />
2439883. Rs 1,200. Also available from <strong>the</strong> Wildife and Nature Protection Society and<br />
from <strong>the</strong> Wildlife SHop <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Yala Safari Game Lodge.<br />
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
SRI LANKA WILDLIFE NEWS is a monthly e-mail <strong>of</strong> birding and wildlife events, sightings and<br />
short notes <strong>of</strong> interest <strong>to</strong> birders, pho<strong>to</strong>graphers, conservationists etc. To receive a copy, please<br />
e-mail gehan@jetwing.lk with "Subscribe Wildlife News" in <strong>the</strong> subject header. SLWN values your<br />
privacy, <strong>to</strong> be removed, e-mail with “Unsubscribe Wildlife News” in <strong>the</strong> header. Please e-mail your<br />
sightings, events etc <strong>to</strong> gehan@jetwing.lk. The media are welcome <strong>to</strong> extract details, but please<br />
attribute <strong>the</strong> source. Past issues are on www.jetwingeco.com<br />
SEPTEMBER 2003<br />
326<br />
SRI LANKA WILDLIFE NEWS (September 2003)<br />
- a monthly (compilation by Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne (17/10/2003)<br />
HIGHLIGHTS<br />
[*] Birding in Sinharaja<br />
[*] Natural His<strong>to</strong>ry Report from Yala (See Articles)<br />
[*] A Synopsis <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Pho<strong>to</strong>graphic Lecture on Whales & Dolphins by Duncan Murrel<br />
(See Articles)<br />
[*] Pho<strong>to</strong>graphic Guide booklets <strong>to</strong> butterflies and dragonflies (See Press Releases)<br />
EVENTS SUMMARY<br />
Saturday 25 Oc<strong>to</strong>ber 2003, Speaker and Topic <strong>to</strong> be confirmed. NBLT, University <strong>of</strong><br />
Colombo, Colombo 3. Field Ornithology Group <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka 9.30 am. General Meeting.<br />
BIRDING & WILDLIFE NEWS
12/10/2007<br />
Amila Salgado reports on 29 Sept Brown Hawk Owl roosting in an Iron wood tree at his<br />
home garden in Bomiriya. There were some noisy construction work going on at my<br />
residence following <strong>the</strong> sightings and it was not seen <strong>the</strong>reafter during day time. Also on<br />
16 Oct in Bomiriya. on a rainy day I saw <strong>the</strong> first Brown-breasted Flycatcher for <strong>the</strong><br />
season seen in a low perch.<br />
Johan Tornvall sends in a short note from his last visit (20-21 September) <strong>to</strong> Sinharaja.<br />
"The highlight was a nesting Sri Lanka Frogmouth, 10 m from <strong>the</strong> path, halfway <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
Research Station". He adds "I also had good views <strong>of</strong> 2 Green-billed Coucals close <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
park entrance as well as a quick observation <strong>of</strong> a male and female Sri Lanka Spurfowl.<br />
A mixed feeding flock contained no less <strong>the</strong>n 6 Red-faced Malkohas. A <strong>to</strong>tal <strong>of</strong> 14<br />
Malabar Trogons, <strong>the</strong>y just seemed <strong>to</strong> be everywhere this time. A Spot-winged Thrush<br />
was seen behind <strong>the</strong> Research Station. No winter migrants seemed <strong>to</strong> have arrived yet.<br />
All with <strong>the</strong> good help from Sunil at Sinharaja".<br />
Rienzie Warnakulasooriya (<strong>Jetwing</strong> Eco) reports 5 Leopard sightings at Yala National<br />
Park on 11 September between 5.00 - 6.30 p.m. The sightings sequence was as follows.<br />
1. Gonagala Wewa<br />
2. Between Gonagala Wewa and Buttawa Wewa<br />
3. Buttawa spill road<br />
4. Meynertwewa<br />
5. Diganwala".<br />
[Ed. We can only be envious!]<br />
Chitral Jayatilake, Asoka Jayatilake, Dilrukshan Tillakeratne, Aruna<br />
Keerthisinghe & Chanaka Gunathilake visited Yala National Park from <strong>the</strong> 10th - 14th<br />
September 2003. He reports that <strong>the</strong> "four days spent at Thalgasmankada was very<br />
productive with Leopard sightings just before <strong>the</strong> park closed on <strong>the</strong> 15th.<br />
The Kotabendi Wewa cubs were observed on two days both at Koma Wewa and<br />
at <strong>the</strong> vicinity <strong>of</strong> Kotabendi Wewa. The male was seen drinking late evening at <strong>the</strong> Koma<br />
Wewa and <strong>the</strong> following morning, 12th, <strong>the</strong> cubs were observed <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r. Their<br />
interaction and playing were absolutely fantastic <strong>to</strong> watch. The female was naturally <strong>the</strong><br />
more active and <strong>the</strong> naughty one with <strong>the</strong> male cub joining her in short bursts <strong>of</strong> play.<br />
12th evening - a couple <strong>of</strong> Leopards were observed by <strong>the</strong> 02nd vehicle on <strong>the</strong><br />
"Warahana" road which was thought <strong>to</strong> be a courting pair.<br />
13th evening - <strong>the</strong> famous injured Leopard with a broken left hind leg (which is thought<br />
<strong>to</strong> be GMC 5) was observed drinking at Koma Wewa, when a couple <strong>of</strong> Buffalos<br />
suddenly chased <strong>the</strong> limping leopard away from <strong>the</strong> water.<br />
One Tusker ("Short Tusk") was seen at Palugaswala 2 and <strong>the</strong> Bear<br />
327
12/10/2007<br />
which had been badly injured on <strong>the</strong> face was seen for a couple <strong>of</strong> days at<br />
<strong>the</strong> Suduwelimulla area. The wounds seem <strong>to</strong> have healed well after <strong>the</strong><br />
couple <strong>of</strong> jabs it had received from <strong>the</strong> Wildlife Department's vet".<br />
Ranjith Hulugalle visited Yala in <strong>the</strong> first wek <strong>of</strong> September. He says "I went <strong>to</strong> Tissa<br />
by bus and I hired a jeep and went <strong>to</strong> Yala, and saw a bear close up. I think it is <strong>the</strong> first<br />
time I had seen bear in Yala on <strong>the</strong> numerous trips i have been <strong>the</strong>re. Ano<strong>the</strong>r incredible<br />
sight was <strong>of</strong> two Jungle Fowl fighting. It would have looked super in a video, as <strong>the</strong>y<br />
were close <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> jeep.<br />
One o<strong>the</strong>r memorable sight was <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> local endemic Grey Hornbill and <strong>the</strong> Malabar<br />
Pied Hornbill on <strong>the</strong> same branch looking at each o<strong>the</strong>r. I did not have my telepho<strong>to</strong> with<br />
me so could not capture that well, as I had not thought I would be going <strong>to</strong> Yala when I<br />
ventured on my overnight bus trip!!<br />
Lying in <strong>the</strong> pool at <strong>the</strong> Tissa Resthouse in <strong>the</strong> evening, <strong>the</strong> birds flying in formation <strong>to</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> little island in <strong>the</strong> middle <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tank was also a delight. It was <strong>the</strong> first time i had<br />
been <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> two chaityas in Tissa, as normally one drives by, worth a visit".<br />
Amila Salgado, Chandrika Maelge & Sabrina Mack <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r with Wicky<br />
Wickramaratne <strong>of</strong> <strong>Jetwing</strong> Eco <strong>Holidays</strong> visited Kithulgala (7 September), for a day <strong>of</strong><br />
Birding and Trekking. Sabrina Mack reports “We were almost near our destination in<br />
Kithulgala when I spotted <strong>the</strong> first endemic. A Sri Lanka Grey Hornbill was sitting on a<br />
branch and was looking out for its next catch. Near by a very rare sight, a mixed flock,<br />
which included Yellow and Orange billed Babblers. After reaching Kithulgala, we<br />
went for a walk in <strong>the</strong> nature trail <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Rafter’s Retreat Lodge. Through <strong>the</strong> trees we<br />
spotted an Emerald Dove perched on a branch and nearby, between two trees a large<br />
cobweb was being maintained very well by a Giant Wood Spider. Most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> trees in <strong>the</strong><br />
area had Acavus snails on <strong>the</strong> barks. We <strong>the</strong>n crossed <strong>the</strong> Kelany River in a dug out<br />
canoe and reached <strong>the</strong> Kelani Valley Forest reserve. While crossing <strong>the</strong> river, a large<br />
Black Eagle swooped overhead and on a flat rock in <strong>the</strong> middle <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> river a black<br />
Comorant basks in <strong>the</strong> sun. The walk through <strong>the</strong> forest was quite a fruitful one. In a<br />
large opening in <strong>the</strong> middle <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> forest a Brahminy Kite was gliding around. On a tree<br />
nearby, <strong>the</strong> rustling revealed a Giant Squirrel. Also on <strong>the</strong> Floor <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> forest, Chandrika<br />
sighted a Spot-winged Thrush jumping around looking for its next worm. The highlights<br />
<strong>of</strong> this trip included <strong>the</strong> sighting <strong>of</strong> four Dollarbirds (Broad-billed Rollers) from “one<br />
single” location. This included a sub-adult and a Juvenile Dollarbird on one tree. From an<br />
opening in this Paddyfield we spotted a flock <strong>of</strong> Mynas. To get a clear view, we had <strong>to</strong><br />
use <strong>the</strong> scope, <strong>the</strong>n I spotted a Hill Myna and a Sri Lanka Myna, both <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m on <strong>the</strong><br />
same branch and <strong>the</strong> same tree. We were also very lucky <strong>to</strong> see <strong>the</strong> first migrant for <strong>the</strong><br />
season, <strong>the</strong> Grey Wagtail. On <strong>the</strong> walk back, on two neighboring trees a Sri Lanka<br />
Hanging Parakeet was enjoying <strong>the</strong> tender center <strong>of</strong> an Ariconut, while on <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r tree a<br />
Black-rumped Flameback was clinging on <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> tree bark. We also saw a few Psyches, a<br />
Clipper and a Bluebottle.<br />
Lal Anthonis reports on <strong>the</strong> "The Good, <strong>the</strong> Bad and <strong>the</strong> Ugly".<br />
328
12/10/2007<br />
The Good<br />
14th August - Mr Ratnayake Assistant Manager <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> TREE Centre <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Wildlife Trust<br />
<strong>to</strong>ld me on my visit <strong>to</strong> Randenigala that he had had 2 leopard sightings within <strong>the</strong><br />
Randenigala Sanctuary, within <strong>the</strong> complex (about a mile & a half from <strong>the</strong> Randenigala<br />
spill) between 8.30 and 9 pm.<br />
Bar-tailed Godwit in full summer plumage at Kokkari Villu in Wilpattu on 29 August.<br />
The Bad<br />
Nachchaduwa<br />
4 years ago in August I spent 4 days in <strong>the</strong> Nachchaduwa Irrigation Department circuit<br />
bungalow. Just below <strong>the</strong> spill and along <strong>the</strong> canal I observed 23 different types <strong>of</strong><br />
dragonflies, 4 unusual spiders and 3 rare frogs. The rap<strong>to</strong>rs were all over <strong>the</strong> wewa. Tank<br />
Eagles, White-bellied Sea Eagles, Brahaminy Kites and Harriers just <strong>to</strong> name a few.<br />
Three and a half years ago <strong>the</strong> people started coming. With <strong>the</strong>m came <strong>the</strong> poly<strong>the</strong>ne<br />
bags, <strong>the</strong> cardboard ca<strong>to</strong>ns and <strong>the</strong> bottles among o<strong>the</strong>r garbage.<br />
This year August I was back at Nachchaduwa Bungalow. I saw only one bird <strong>of</strong> prey.<br />
There wasn't a single dragonfly, not one spider, not one frog. They are all gone and only<br />
<strong>the</strong> rocks remain.<br />
The Ugly<br />
Between Puttalam and Nochchiyagama on <strong>the</strong> Anuradhapura road is a beautiful stretch<br />
where <strong>the</strong> road bisects <strong>the</strong> Tabbowa Wewa. Eating houses are coming up on one side <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> road and chairs and tables on <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r side. It won't be long before this place looks<br />
like Galle Face".<br />
Wicky Wickremesekera, Chandima Jayaweera and Hetti reports Grey Wagtail near<br />
<strong>the</strong> Sitha Amman Kovil on 8 September 2003. The Grey Wagtail is usually one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
earliest migrants.<br />
Amodha Kannagara reports "Visited Yala National Park from 25th <strong>to</strong> 31st August. Had<br />
5 leopard sightings. On <strong>the</strong> 25th day we heard deer alarm calls at Koma Wewa. We<br />
waited around 15 mins and <strong>the</strong>n moved <strong>of</strong>f and returned 15 mins later <strong>to</strong> find a lot <strong>of</strong><br />
vehicles on <strong>the</strong> bund and <strong>the</strong> road below. Evidently one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cubs had come <strong>to</strong> drink<br />
water, we managed <strong>to</strong> catch a brief sight <strong>of</strong> it as it headed in<strong>to</strong> a bush. On <strong>the</strong> way back <strong>to</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> Warahana bungalow we came across a large male in <strong>the</strong> middle <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> road at <strong>the</strong><br />
Warahana-Katagamuwa turn <strong>of</strong>f.<br />
The next day we s<strong>to</strong>pped for a very very large Bear, a few meters from <strong>the</strong> Talgas<br />
junction. In <strong>the</strong> evening had a brief glimpse <strong>of</strong> a larg male on <strong>the</strong> Gonalebbe-Talgas<br />
connecting road. There was a buffalo kill just by <strong>the</strong> road where <strong>the</strong> white sand area <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> road starts. The time was 6.30. It seemed shy and moved <strong>of</strong> in <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> jungle. On <strong>the</strong><br />
329
12/10/2007<br />
28th morning we had a brief sighting <strong>of</strong> a female leopard crossing <strong>the</strong> main road next <strong>to</strong><br />
Meynert Wewa. It had obviously drunk water and was on its way. Soon afterwards we<br />
came across a bear and its cub on <strong>the</strong> main road just after <strong>the</strong> Buttuwa Wewa turn <strong>of</strong>f.<br />
At 8am that same morning we had a very good sighting <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> 2 Kotabendi Wewa cubs.<br />
They had drunk water from Koma Wewa and were sighted in <strong>the</strong> shade a few meters<br />
from <strong>the</strong> road. They shifted position and ended up in <strong>the</strong> middle <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> road. During this<br />
time I <strong>to</strong>ok what was arguably <strong>the</strong> best leopard shots I have taken. The female was lying<br />
across <strong>the</strong> road and <strong>the</strong> male approched from behind. He nudged her and she nudged him<br />
back, <strong>the</strong>y licked and a bit <strong>of</strong> play fighting ensued. It all ended in under a minute and <strong>the</strong>y<br />
moved <strong>of</strong> in <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> jungle. I had time <strong>to</strong> go through a roll or Provia on <strong>the</strong>m. Our last<br />
leopard sighting was on <strong>the</strong> 30th going back <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Ondatjie Bungalow. A large male was<br />
drinking at Heen Wewa. Elephants were hard <strong>to</strong> come by. We had good sightings <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> 2<br />
Black-necked S<strong>to</strong>rks.<br />
On 16 th August, Nilantha Kodituwakku accompanied Leila Calanan and Eduardo and<br />
two o<strong>the</strong>rs, on a game drive <strong>to</strong> Yala. He reports "We traveled through <strong>the</strong> Akasachaithiya<br />
Road <strong>to</strong>wards Talgasmankade junction via Gonalabbe Medapara. When approaching <strong>the</strong><br />
junction, our attention was drawn <strong>to</strong>wards a Spotted Deer crashing through <strong>the</strong> bush. No<br />
sooner, a fully-grown leopard appeared through <strong>the</strong> bushes about 40 meters away looking<br />
in <strong>the</strong> direction where <strong>the</strong> deer disappeared. It went down <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> ground for few seconds,<br />
half sat, crouched and started stalking stealthily in <strong>the</strong> direction <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> deer ran, before<br />
disappearing. We watched this incident for about 05 minutes from 5.45 pm.<br />
From <strong>the</strong>re, we proceeded <strong>to</strong> Koma Wewa. The water in <strong>the</strong> tank was fast drying up and<br />
our attention was drawn <strong>to</strong> a medium size crocodile carrying something ” white” in <strong>the</strong><br />
mouth. It turned out <strong>to</strong> be a carcass <strong>of</strong> an egret (probably a little egret) in <strong>the</strong> mouth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
crocodile. It seemed <strong>to</strong> be a fresh carcass. It did not take a few seconds for ano<strong>the</strong>r 4<br />
crocodiles <strong>to</strong> surround <strong>the</strong> crocodile with <strong>the</strong> dead bird. However, <strong>the</strong> crocodile managed<br />
<strong>to</strong> escape, <strong>the</strong> interlopers with its’ “prized” morsel , swimming underwater <strong>to</strong> a safe<br />
distance, before reappearing <strong>to</strong> gulp down <strong>the</strong> bird in <strong>to</strong>tal. This incident <strong>to</strong>ok place at<br />
about 6.00pm.The Koma Wewa accommodates a good number <strong>of</strong> crocodiles.<br />
On our return journey, once again along <strong>the</strong> Gonalabbe Medapara, just before <strong>the</strong> turn<br />
<strong>of</strong>f <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Akasachaithiya Road near a dried up water hole our attention was drawn<br />
<strong>to</strong>wards a huge black patch among <strong>the</strong> bushes, <strong>to</strong> see a huge bear half sitting and finally<br />
resting fully stretched out on <strong>the</strong> ground. The time was about 6.20pm; we could not stay<br />
for a longer time as we had <strong>to</strong> leave <strong>the</strong> park entrance by 7.00pm <strong>the</strong> latest. The bear was<br />
still around when we left.<br />
All in all, it was quite a successful safari with few elephants and o<strong>the</strong>r animals. There<br />
were plenty <strong>of</strong> birds with male Peacocks developing <strong>the</strong>ir tail fea<strong>the</strong>rs, getting ready in<br />
good time for <strong>the</strong> forthcoming breeding season, in November. There were Yellow-<br />
wattled Lapwings, with chicks in <strong>the</strong> area.<br />
NEW BOOKS<br />
The text below is from Press Releases by <strong>the</strong> Publishers.<br />
330
12/10/2007<br />
Gulls <strong>of</strong> Europe, Asia and North America by Klaus Malling Olsen and Hans Larsson.<br />
Illustrated by Hans Larsson. Published August 2003 ISBN 0-7136-4377-3. GBP 45. A&C<br />
Black Publishers Ltd, 37 Soho Square, London W1 D 3QZ, UK. Tel 020 7758 0200. Email<br />
publicity@acblack.com.<br />
A new title in <strong>the</strong> highly acclaimed Helm Identification Guides series, Gulls <strong>of</strong> Europe,<br />
Asia and North America comprehensively covers some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> most familiar seabirds as<br />
well as some little known and globally threatened species <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> gull family. This is <strong>the</strong><br />
first detailed identification guide for <strong>the</strong> challenging species in 16 years and is set <strong>to</strong><br />
become a vital reading for any birdwatcher interested in <strong>the</strong> species. A <strong>to</strong>tal <strong>of</strong> 43 species<br />
are treated in this long awaited guide, which focuses on identification, moult, status and<br />
distribution. The guide combines detailed text with 96 full colour plates covering all<br />
plumages and variations, both in flight and at rest along with 800 previously unpublished<br />
colour pho<strong>to</strong>graphs taken by some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> world's leading bird pho<strong>to</strong>graphs. It also<br />
incorporates colour distribution maps for all species. Gulls <strong>of</strong> Europe, Asia and North<br />
America is <strong>the</strong> comprehensive guide, essential <strong>to</strong> gull watchers <strong>of</strong> any skill.<br />
A Concise His<strong>to</strong>ry <strong>of</strong> Ornithology by Michael Walters. ISBN 1 873403 97 6. GBP 30.<br />
Chris<strong>to</strong>pher Helm, an imprint <strong>of</strong> A&C Black Publishers Ltd, 37 Soho Square, London<br />
W1 D 3QZ, UK. Tel 020 7758 0200. E-mail publicity@acblack.com.<br />
This comprehensive his<strong>to</strong>rical account <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> study <strong>of</strong> birds traces ornithology from <strong>the</strong><br />
earliest written records through <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> twentieth century. The fascinating works and lives<br />
<strong>of</strong> ornithology's pioneering scientists, including such people as Linnaeus, Darwin and<br />
Wallace are considered chronologically, while issues such as evolution, conservation,<br />
taxonomy and genetics raised through <strong>the</strong> pursuit <strong>of</strong> ornithological interests are<br />
discussed. This educational, entertaining and well illustrated read demonstrates how<br />
omithology has become <strong>the</strong> complex scientific discipline it is <strong>to</strong>day and will be <strong>of</strong> great<br />
use <strong>to</strong> birders, and naturalists alike.<br />
"Michael Walters had produced an exhilarating account <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> his<strong>to</strong>ry <strong>of</strong> ornithology. I<br />
found <strong>the</strong> information about <strong>the</strong> personal lives and foibles <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> personae <strong>to</strong> be<br />
fascinating." Jon E. Ahlquist, Ohio University<br />
ARTICLES<br />
Natural His<strong>to</strong>ry Report from Yala<br />
- Chandra Jayawardane, Nilanth aKodituwakku and Nadeera Weerasinghe<br />
The naturalists <strong>of</strong> Yala Safari Game Lodge, Chandra Jayawardane, Nilantha<br />
Kodituwakkuand Nadeera Weerasinghe have made <strong>the</strong> following observations during <strong>the</strong><br />
month <strong>of</strong> July 2002.<br />
Large Mammals<br />
Leopards - 33 encounters involving 37 leopards<br />
331
12/10/2007<br />
Bears - 18 encounters involving 29 bears<br />
Tuskers - 5 encounters involving 5 tuskers<br />
These sighting numbers include multiple sightings <strong>of</strong> individual animals.<br />
Birds<br />
During <strong>the</strong> month <strong>of</strong> July 2003, <strong>the</strong> Naturalists and <strong>the</strong> Guests <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Game Lodge have<br />
recorded 15 migra<strong>to</strong>ry bird species. During July, <strong>the</strong> Guests have recorded having seen 2<br />
Greater Sand plovers and a Peregrine. On 10 th July, a <strong>to</strong>tal count <strong>of</strong> 100+ Gull-billed<br />
Terns in <strong>the</strong> Goda Kalapuwa and Large Crested Terns about 34+ and 90 + were observed<br />
on 1 st July and 15 th July respectively at <strong>the</strong> Palatupana Salt Pans<br />
The records kept at <strong>the</strong> Game Lodge by <strong>the</strong> Naturalists have show <strong>the</strong> recording <strong>of</strong><br />
migrant species as follows. These relate <strong>to</strong> birds which are believed <strong>to</strong> be 'loiterers'.<br />
April, 36 species<br />
May 26 species<br />
June 24 species<br />
July 15 species<br />
Flora<br />
During July, a <strong>to</strong>tal number <strong>of</strong> 55 plant species were observed in flowering and fruiting.<br />
Of which 17 species were in bloom, 20 plants in fruiting and 17 species flowering and<br />
fruiting.<br />
O<strong>the</strong>r animals<br />
During this period from 15 th <strong>to</strong> 28 th, 8 python sightings have also been recorded whilst on<br />
game drives.<br />
A giant black ant about 2.5 cm long was observed preying upon very small black ants<br />
03 rd <strong>of</strong> July in <strong>the</strong> lobby area <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Game Lodge. Once again on 30 th <strong>of</strong> July, Gehan de<br />
Silva Wijeyeratne <strong>to</strong>o saw <strong>the</strong> 3 <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> giant ants mentioned in <strong>the</strong> premises <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Game<br />
Lodge and pho<strong>to</strong>graphed <strong>the</strong> ants.<br />
A Synopsis <strong>of</strong> The Pho<strong>to</strong>graphic Lecture on Whales & Dolphins By Duncan Murrel<br />
2nd July 2003 SLNHS- Barefoot- <strong>Jetwing</strong> Lecture Series<br />
- Tara Wikramanayake<br />
Duncan shared his experiences and superb pho<strong>to</strong>graphy with a packed audience. There<br />
were over 60 in <strong>the</strong> audience which included Sir Arthur C. Clarke. Duncan has been<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphing Whales, Dolphins and o<strong>the</strong>r marine mammals and fauna for over 20 years.<br />
A true lover <strong>of</strong> nature, he conducts his pho<strong>to</strong>graphy from a kayak, shunning all forms <strong>of</strong><br />
mo<strong>to</strong>rised boats, so that <strong>the</strong>re will be no disturbance <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> environment. It is now well<br />
known that <strong>the</strong> sound waves from a boat’s mo<strong>to</strong>rs disorient whales and that this is one<br />
332
12/10/2007<br />
cause <strong>of</strong> whales getting beached. Duncan would ra<strong>the</strong>r undergo discomfort, than cause<br />
pain and death <strong>to</strong> his subjects by traveling in mechanised boats.<br />
Over 1000 Humpback Whales visit Alaska. They are gentle creatures and not at all<br />
aggressive. We were enthralled with a still <strong>of</strong> a Humpback’s tail up in <strong>the</strong> air from which<br />
a shower <strong>of</strong> water poured like a gigantic fountain.<br />
Humpbacks feed <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r in what is called a “bubble net” feeding frenzy. They locate<br />
<strong>the</strong>ir prey, <strong>the</strong>n one whale dives and creates a cylinder <strong>of</strong> bubbles which traps <strong>the</strong> fish.<br />
Some endearing pictures <strong>of</strong> a playful Sea Lion that got on <strong>to</strong> Duncan’s boat and refused<br />
<strong>to</strong> move away, were shown. This same Sea Lion had clung on <strong>to</strong> him with his flippers,<br />
while Duncan was under water and it is easy <strong>to</strong> understand how humans and such<br />
creatures can bond with each o<strong>the</strong>r, when hearing <strong>of</strong> such encounters.<br />
O<strong>the</strong>r interesting pho<strong>to</strong>graphs included those <strong>of</strong> Orcas, Stellar’s Sea Lions, Sea Otters<br />
and breathtaking scenery which depicted <strong>the</strong> unspoilt beauty <strong>of</strong> Alaska. At <strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong><br />
what proved <strong>to</strong> be a delightful evening, an interested audience asked many questions<br />
from Duncan who very kindly answered all <strong>the</strong>ir questions.<br />
PRESS RELEASES<br />
<strong>Jetwing</strong> Pho<strong>to</strong>graphic Guides for Dragonflies and Butterflies<br />
Two pho<strong>to</strong>graphic guide booklets have been published <strong>to</strong> a selection <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> commoner<br />
butterflies and dragonflies <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka. These booklets precede work underway on a<br />
larger book which will combine birds, butterflies and dragonflies. The format <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
booklets is <strong>to</strong> depict a selection <strong>of</strong> species <strong>to</strong> facilitate easy reference and identification in<br />
<strong>the</strong> field. The booklet on Dragonflies is an important publication as it represents <strong>the</strong> first<br />
step, <strong>to</strong> produce a guide for field work. It has 88 images representing 65 species.<br />
Dragonflies and Damselflies are not easy <strong>to</strong> identify in <strong>the</strong> field and a fuller book will be<br />
published in due course which has accompanying text. The butterfly booklet has 63<br />
images depicting 62 species. They will be available at leading book shops with an<br />
expected retail price <strong>of</strong> around Rs 100.<br />
The two booklets are produced by Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne who has drawn on <strong>the</strong><br />
technical expertise <strong>of</strong> Michael and Nancy van der Poorten on <strong>the</strong> butterflies and Matjaz<br />
Bedjanic and Karen Coniff on <strong>the</strong> Dragonflies. The pho<strong>to</strong>graphy has been undertaken<br />
principally by Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne for <strong>the</strong> butterflies and shared with Matjaz<br />
Bedjanic for <strong>the</strong> Dragonflies. Bedjanic is a researcher with <strong>the</strong> Slovenian Institute <strong>of</strong><br />
Conservation and <strong>the</strong> van der Poorten's are resident in Canada. The booklets demonstrate<br />
how <strong>the</strong> internet has allowed people resident in different countries and continents <strong>to</strong> work<br />
effectively <strong>to</strong>wards a common goal. The structure <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> booklets is simply as a<br />
collection <strong>of</strong> images captioned with <strong>the</strong> English and Latin name. A Sinhala and Tamil<br />
nomenclature does not exist for Butterflies and Dragonflies. Species <strong>of</strong> both groups are<br />
simply referred <strong>to</strong> as a 'Samanalaya' or 'Bath Kura' in Sinhala. The butterfly booklet has<br />
a pronunciation guide <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> English names in Sinhala in <strong>the</strong> accompanying caption. The<br />
pronunciation guide has been excluded for <strong>the</strong> dragonflies because <strong>of</strong> space constraints.<br />
333
12/10/2007<br />
Both booklets will be available in due course on <strong>the</strong> web (www.jetwingeco.com). The<br />
English names for <strong>the</strong> dragonflies had <strong>to</strong> be coined afresh. A key contribu<strong>to</strong>r <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
coining <strong>of</strong> suitable names was Jill Silsby, author <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> "Dragonflies <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> World".<br />
Lalin de Mel, Direc<strong>to</strong>r Marketing <strong>of</strong> <strong>Jetwing</strong> Hotels sees <strong>the</strong> support <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Jetwing</strong><br />
Research Initiative for <strong>the</strong> publications as stemming from two facets. "Firstly, <strong>the</strong>re is a<br />
growing recognition that <strong>the</strong> corporate sec<strong>to</strong>r has an important role <strong>to</strong> play in<br />
safeguarding a future for Sri Lanka's bio-diversity". Secondly, de Mel sees it as an<br />
example <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> search for high yield by <strong>the</strong> Sri Lankan Tourism industry who are<br />
developing new and innovative eco-<strong>to</strong>urism products. <strong>Jetwing</strong> have rapidly become<br />
established as <strong>the</strong> country's most high pr<strong>of</strong>ile Nature Tourism provider after it set up<br />
<strong>Jetwing</strong> Eco <strong>Holidays</strong>, a specialist subsidiary. The <strong>of</strong>fice staff include people such as<br />
Amila Salgado and Chandrika Maelge who are also keen naturalists, an essential attribute<br />
for a specialist service provider. The company is headed by Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne<br />
who with almost weekly appearances in <strong>the</strong> print and television media is emerging as a<br />
wildlife <strong>to</strong>urism celebrity.<br />
According <strong>to</strong> Hiran Cooray, MD <strong>of</strong> <strong>Jetwing</strong> Hotels "Successful eco-<strong>to</strong>urism companies<br />
should be pr<strong>of</strong>itable <strong>to</strong> have <strong>the</strong> resources <strong>to</strong> support research and conservation.<br />
Therefore business success is critical if money or enthusiasm is not <strong>to</strong> wane over <strong>the</strong> long<br />
term". The pho<strong>to</strong>graphs in <strong>the</strong> booklets will be serialized in due course in one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
national newspapers as part <strong>of</strong> Gehan's mission <strong>to</strong> impart knowledge <strong>to</strong> school children.<br />
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
Penny Jayewardene, President <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Society for <strong>the</strong> Protection <strong>of</strong> Animal Rights<br />
(SPAR) has sent in <strong>the</strong> following information which she thinks would help <strong>to</strong> educate<br />
and inspire people.<br />
The Society for <strong>the</strong> Protection <strong>of</strong> Animal Rights (SPAR) acknowledges <strong>the</strong> stand taken<br />
by two leading organisations in our country against <strong>the</strong> cruelty <strong>to</strong> animals and making<br />
people aware <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> rights <strong>of</strong> animals. The Petroleum Corporation was made aware <strong>of</strong> a<br />
group <strong>of</strong> stray dogs who would have been destroyed by <strong>the</strong> Municipal Council <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> area<br />
save for <strong>the</strong> intervention <strong>of</strong> a compassionate member <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> staff <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Corporation - Ms<br />
Udyanganie Jayewardene, who brought <strong>the</strong> plight <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> dogs <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> notice <strong>of</strong> SPAR.<br />
SPAR in turn contacted <strong>the</strong> Chairman <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> CPC, Mr. Daham Wimalasena. The<br />
Chairman supported our proposals <strong>to</strong> have <strong>the</strong> dogs inoculated, sterilized and made<br />
community friendly. This support by <strong>the</strong> Chairman and a donation <strong>to</strong>wards carrying out<br />
this work, prevented about sixty dogs and puppies from being needlessly gassed or<br />
speared <strong>to</strong> death.<br />
Ano<strong>the</strong>r success s<strong>to</strong>ry was <strong>the</strong> appeal made <strong>to</strong> Richard Pieris and Company Limited <strong>to</strong><br />
discontinue all programmes <strong>to</strong> entertain children using animals. The Company had<br />
planned entertainment programmes over a period <strong>of</strong> time that included monkey and snake<br />
dances and pony rides. SPAR made <strong>the</strong> authorities aware <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cruelty involved in <strong>the</strong>se<br />
practises and also highlighted that children should be taught <strong>to</strong> respect <strong>the</strong> rights <strong>of</strong><br />
334
12/10/2007<br />
animals and not use animals as objects <strong>of</strong> entertainment. The monkeys and snakes are<br />
caught in <strong>the</strong> wild and rendered orphans. Worse still <strong>the</strong>y are separated from <strong>the</strong>ir<br />
environment and must <strong>the</strong>reafter be at <strong>the</strong> mercy <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir owners - generally starving<br />
gypsies. These gypsies must not be encouraged in <strong>the</strong>ir trade even though traditional.<br />
Some traditions are barbaric and should have been discontinued long ago. Ponies are tied<br />
<strong>to</strong> trees in <strong>the</strong> blazing sun in unoccupied land in Colombo with no means <strong>of</strong> water or food<br />
for hours on end. They are <strong>the</strong>n brought <strong>to</strong> entertain children and <strong>the</strong>ir carers seldom or<br />
never give <strong>the</strong>m water. They are made <strong>to</strong> walk hour after hour on hard surfaces with no<br />
thought <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sun and <strong>the</strong> weight on <strong>the</strong>ir backs. In a country steeped in <strong>the</strong> religion <strong>of</strong><br />
compassion - Buddhism, we are allowing our children, <strong>the</strong> future <strong>of</strong> this country, <strong>to</strong><br />
become more and more desensitised and demanding when it comes <strong>to</strong> animals. We are<br />
encouraging our children <strong>to</strong> view animals as objects <strong>of</strong> food or entertainment.<br />
We at SPAR are happy <strong>to</strong> note that Dr Sena Yaddehige, Chairman <strong>of</strong> Richard Pieris, and<br />
his company have realized <strong>the</strong> gravity <strong>of</strong> cruelty involved in <strong>the</strong> entertainment <strong>of</strong> animals.<br />
They have spearheaded a new vision <strong>of</strong> business with compassion where animals are<br />
concerned. We do hope o<strong>the</strong>r private companies will follow suit. We also hope that o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
Government Organisations will follow <strong>the</strong> example set by <strong>the</strong> Ceylon Petroleum<br />
Corporation under <strong>the</strong> able leadership <strong>of</strong> Mr. Daham Wimalasena.<br />
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
SRI LANKA WILDLIFE NEWS is a monthly e-mail <strong>of</strong> birding and wildlife events, sightings and<br />
short notes <strong>of</strong> interest <strong>to</strong> birders, pho<strong>to</strong>graphers, conservationists etc. To receive a copy, please<br />
e-mail gehan@jetwing.lk with "Subscribe Wildlife News" in <strong>the</strong> subject header. SLWN values your<br />
privacy, <strong>to</strong> be removed, e-mail with “Unsubscribe Wildlife News” in <strong>the</strong> header. Please e-mail your<br />
sightings, events etc <strong>to</strong> gehan@jetwing.lk. The media are welcome <strong>to</strong> extract details, but please<br />
attribute <strong>the</strong> source. Past issues are on www.jetwingeco.com<br />
JULY & AUGUST 2003<br />
335<br />
SRI LANKA WILDLIFE NEWS (July & August 2003)<br />
- a monthly (usually!) compilation by Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne (01/09/2003)<br />
HIGHLIGHTS<br />
[*] Sea Watching excursion <strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong> seas <strong>of</strong> Kirinda by Sunela Jayawardane<br />
[*] Leopard cub stalks Wild Boar under <strong>the</strong> watchful eyes <strong>of</strong> mo<strong>the</strong>r by Placid Coorey<br />
[*] New books by Chris<strong>to</strong>pher Helm include long awaited guide on Gulls (See New<br />
Books)<br />
[*] An Introduction <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Agamid Lizards <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka by Kithsiri Gunawardena and<br />
Birding Trip Report from <strong>the</strong> Peak Wilderness by Malaka Rodrigo (see Articles)<br />
[*] Lectures on Slender Loris and Elephants (See Events Summary)<br />
[*] Improve your Arithmetic in Yala (see Travel Brief)
12/10/2007<br />
EVENTS SUMMARY<br />
Thu 4 September 2003 6.00 pm. Slender Loris by Dr Anne Isola Nekaris, Senior<br />
Lecturer, University <strong>of</strong> Oxford. Sri Lanka Association for <strong>the</strong> Advancement <strong>of</strong> Science,<br />
Vidya Mawatha, <strong>of</strong>f Wijerama Mawatha. Colombo 7. WNPS Public Lecture Series.<br />
Friday 5 September 7.00 pm. [SUBSTITUTION] Can we keep <strong>the</strong> Jumbo Afloat by<br />
Dr Devaka Weerakoon. Barefoot - SLNHS - <strong>Jetwing</strong> Lecture Series. Barefoot Gallery,<br />
704 Galle Road, Colombo 6.<br />
Dr Devaka Weerakoon presents his points <strong>of</strong> view based on <strong>the</strong> last 6 years <strong>of</strong> research<br />
on <strong>the</strong> ranging and social behaviour and human elephant conflict in <strong>the</strong> north-western and<br />
sou<strong>the</strong>rn regions <strong>of</strong> Sri Lanka. He will be drawing on <strong>the</strong> research, which used radio<br />
collaring work <strong>to</strong> discuss whe<strong>the</strong>r a shift is needed in our approach <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> scientific<br />
management <strong>of</strong> elephants. He will give his ideas on what we need <strong>to</strong> do conserve <strong>the</strong><br />
elephant on a long term basis, and its current status. Dr Devaka Weerakoon is Senior<br />
Lecturer in Zoology at <strong>the</strong> University <strong>of</strong> Colombo. Please note that this lecture substitutes<br />
for "Sharks a much maligned preda<strong>to</strong>r by Lyn Robinson". Regrettably, Lyn's lecture<br />
has <strong>to</strong> be postponed for later in <strong>the</strong> year.<br />
19 - 21 September 2003 The International Symposium on Human Elephant<br />
Relationships and Conflicts. Colombo Plaza Hotel(previously known as Lanka<br />
Oberoi). Abstracts <strong>of</strong> papers should be sent <strong>to</strong> Jayantha Jayewardene (romalijj@eureka.lk<br />
) by 30th June for review by a committee. Please see <strong>the</strong> symposium website<br />
www.slwcs.org/sherc. for more, details.<br />
Jayantha Jayewardene has sent in <strong>the</strong> following progress update. "The symposium is<br />
turning out <strong>to</strong> be a big event. We have had 75 abstracts <strong>of</strong> papers <strong>to</strong> be presented. An<br />
international committee will review <strong>the</strong>se and choose 60 papers, which is <strong>the</strong> number<br />
possible in <strong>the</strong> three days 19th <strong>to</strong> 21st September. In addition <strong>the</strong>re will be a keynote<br />
address by Ian Douglas Hamil<strong>to</strong>n, <strong>the</strong> well known elephant expert and special addresses<br />
by Pr<strong>of</strong> Raman Sukumar, Chairman <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Asian Elephant Specialist Group and Karl<br />
Stromayer <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> United States Fish & Wildlife Service. Already over 60 foreign<br />
participants have registered. We are expecting over 100 foreign participants. Registration<br />
for Sri Lankan participants is a nominal Rs. 3,500.00 including Lunch and Tea on all<br />
three days.<br />
BIRDING & WILDLIFE NEWS<br />
Hiran & Darshini Cooray, Ranjith Hulugalla, Nalaka Mendis and Gehan de Silva<br />
Wijeyeratne (31 August) observed a Black Eagle soaring over a ridge in Karandana.<br />
This is a few kilometers as <strong>the</strong> crow lies, from <strong>the</strong> Kalatuwawa Reservoir. The first four,<br />
continued <strong>to</strong> Bodhingala and arrived at noon. Several Earless Lizards (O<strong>to</strong>cryptis<br />
weigmanni) were observed. One male was displaying and had its head and neck a<br />
turquoise green. Butterflies observed included Common Evening Brown, Clipper, Blue<br />
Mormon and Common Crow.<br />
336
12/10/2007<br />
Sunela Jayawardane sends in a report <strong>of</strong> a sea watching trip <strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong> seas <strong>of</strong>f Kirinda .<br />
At dawn (16 August 2003), our group <strong>of</strong> 6, met up with Chandra Jayawardana and<br />
Nilantha Kodituwakku (Naturalists, Yala Safari Lodge) on <strong>the</strong> smelly quay <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
fisheries harbour. The previous evening we had already discussed that, despite our<br />
original plans going awry, due <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> sand bar that had formed at <strong>the</strong> harbour mouth and<br />
<strong>the</strong> choppy seas that, we would go out <strong>to</strong> sea. This meant that, <strong>the</strong> larger trawler we were<br />
scheduled <strong>to</strong> travel in, couldn’t come in<strong>to</strong> harbour. As only experienced seamen could<br />
leap from <strong>the</strong> little fishing boats in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> trawler now moored out in <strong>the</strong> open sea, our<br />
only option was <strong>to</strong> use <strong>the</strong> little fishing boats with outboard engines. Our group <strong>of</strong> 8<br />
accompanied by 3 experienced fisherman, split up in<strong>to</strong> 2 boats and headed out from <strong>the</strong><br />
harbour.<br />
The trip was originally conceived as an experimental run <strong>to</strong> assess <strong>the</strong> potential <strong>of</strong> whale<br />
watching, something Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne was interested in us exploring for him,<br />
as part <strong>of</strong> his on-going 'homework". However, <strong>the</strong> wea<strong>the</strong>r had also changed our<br />
objective. We now travelled out <strong>to</strong> view <strong>the</strong> Great Basses Island, 12 miles out from<br />
Kirinda. The ancient lighthouse stands out on that endlessly swaying horizon. The waves<br />
were <strong>to</strong>o high <strong>to</strong> hope <strong>to</strong> see even a whale spout from our little boats – this is when one<br />
longs for <strong>the</strong> crows’ nest <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Odyssey that Duncan Murrell sits in!<br />
As we neared <strong>the</strong> Great Basses it was evident that, it is merely an a<strong>to</strong>ll <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> reef that<br />
runs somewhat parallel <strong>to</strong> Sri Lanka’s SE coast. Due <strong>to</strong> this formation, <strong>the</strong> seas around<br />
<strong>the</strong> island are extremely rough. A small school <strong>of</strong> dolphin (nobody was able <strong>to</strong> advise us<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> species) is reputed <strong>to</strong> regularly hunt in <strong>the</strong> vicinity. However, even <strong>the</strong> dolphin<br />
evaded us <strong>to</strong>day! Through <strong>the</strong> spray we spotted <strong>the</strong> lighthouse crew (who are stationed<br />
for 6 week stints) waving <strong>to</strong> us from a balcony. Our fisherman guide showed us cracks<br />
which had appeared on <strong>the</strong> building due <strong>to</strong> dynamiting for fish. This method <strong>of</strong> fishing is<br />
apparently, no longer practiced.<br />
We headed out a few more miles but <strong>the</strong>n decided <strong>to</strong> turn back as, some <strong>of</strong> our group<br />
were sea sick. On <strong>the</strong> journey back <strong>to</strong> shore, we spotted a solitary Wilson’s S<strong>to</strong>rm<br />
Petrel. Fur<strong>the</strong>r on, we spotted ano<strong>the</strong>r bird, we could not identify though it seemed<br />
identical <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> first except, for <strong>the</strong> absence <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> white band at <strong>the</strong> base <strong>of</strong> it’s tail.<br />
Closer <strong>to</strong> shore, we spotted a pair <strong>of</strong> Large Crested Terns. It was interesting <strong>to</strong> note that,<br />
all <strong>the</strong>se birds flew low along <strong>the</strong> deep furrow between waves, possibly <strong>to</strong> contend with<br />
<strong>the</strong> high winds. Close <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Great Basses Island a large fish was spotted briefly<br />
surfacing. Nilantha was <strong>the</strong> only one who saw a fish/dolphin leap high in <strong>the</strong> air at some<br />
distance. O<strong>the</strong>r than for <strong>the</strong>se limited sightings our enjoyment was confined <strong>to</strong> those with<br />
good sea legs who <strong>to</strong>ok pleasure in simply being out in <strong>the</strong> open sea!<br />
The fisherman at Kirinda advised us <strong>to</strong> return during Feb/March when <strong>the</strong> seas are calm<br />
and it is possible <strong>to</strong> board a trawler and go fur<strong>the</strong>r out <strong>to</strong> sea. However, one must always<br />
keep in mind that, whe<strong>the</strong>r on land or at sea, wildlife sightings cannot be guaranteed!<br />
337
12/10/2007<br />
Nicole Parkrama reports "We had stayed at Yala for one day and failed <strong>to</strong> see any<br />
leopards during our morning and evening rounds and were quite disappointed. Our next<br />
stay was at Nuwara Eliya and <strong>to</strong> our great delight, on one <strong>of</strong> those curly hill roads close<br />
<strong>to</strong> Hakgala, a large leopard stepped carefully on<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> road and bounded across in two<br />
graceful motions, not more than 5 metres in front <strong>of</strong> our jeep, <strong>the</strong>n disappeared down <strong>the</strong><br />
side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> hill and was lost <strong>to</strong> sight due <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> thick vegetation. It was quite an event!<br />
I was wondering whe<strong>the</strong>r this is a common occurrence or not? I know that <strong>the</strong>re are<br />
leopards in <strong>the</strong> estates in <strong>the</strong> hill country, and at World's End, but I heard that <strong>the</strong>y are<br />
quite shy <strong>of</strong> humans? There were humans around <strong>the</strong> bend and quite close behind us.<br />
Could this leopard be injured or something?<br />
Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne reports on a near miss, with <strong>the</strong> Kota Bendi Wewa Leopard<br />
cubs. 'We did four game drives on <strong>the</strong> 29 and 30 July. On <strong>the</strong> 29th evening, around 4.30<br />
pm, we came across a few jeeps parked near a dead Spotted Deer, on an open grassy<br />
plain, beside <strong>the</strong> Talgasmankada Gonalabbe Meda Para T junction. Ano<strong>the</strong>r jeep had<br />
passed <strong>the</strong> area about 10 minutes ago and it had not been <strong>the</strong>re. We waited in <strong>the</strong> hope<br />
that <strong>the</strong> two cubs which had not been seen for around five days would make an<br />
appearance. A curious feature was that we could not see any injury marks on <strong>the</strong> deer <strong>to</strong><br />
suggest it had been killed by a leopard. It maybe that <strong>the</strong> viewing angle did not permits us<br />
<strong>to</strong> see any 'kill marks' or perhaps it had suffered cardiac arrest!<br />
We left at 6.15pm and learnt <strong>the</strong> next day that shortly afterwards <strong>the</strong> two cubs had<br />
appeared. The male cub had dragged <strong>the</strong> kill in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> thicket, under a Maliththan tree. The<br />
next morning we were on our way <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> kill when we were informed <strong>of</strong> a Sloth Bear<br />
which had crossed <strong>the</strong> main road near <strong>the</strong> Patanangala turn <strong>of</strong>f. We waited and were<br />
rewarded by <strong>the</strong> bear crossing <strong>the</strong> road <strong>to</strong>wards Padikkema. It <strong>the</strong>n walked up <strong>the</strong> large<br />
outcrop and disappeared from view. Joining <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r vehicles at <strong>the</strong> kill, we learnt that<br />
<strong>the</strong> Sloth Bear had been a costly distraction. The two cubs had been at <strong>the</strong> kill from 6.30<br />
am for just over an hour. They had fed and played out in <strong>the</strong> open. Aaaargh! We stayed<br />
at <strong>the</strong> kill till 11.00 and headed <strong>of</strong>f returning at 3.30 pm. Once again we left at 6.15,<br />
without seeing <strong>the</strong> cubs.<br />
A notable feature in <strong>the</strong> park was that <strong>the</strong> Spotted Deer were rutting. Almost every half<br />
hour, a bellowing would emanate from <strong>the</strong> forest as a Spotted Deer stag engaged in<br />
establishing his dominance. As we waited at <strong>the</strong> kill, we heard <strong>the</strong>se anguished sounding<br />
calls very <strong>of</strong>ten. On at least three occasions we observed aggression between stags. At<br />
Wilpala Wewa we watched a spirited fight between two stags. As one stag tired, ano<strong>the</strong>r<br />
picked up <strong>the</strong> fight".<br />
Namal Kamalgoda reports from Yala on a Wild Pig carrying <strong>of</strong>f a Spotted Deer killed<br />
by a Leopard. Jackie Namalgoda, Gihan Rajapaksa and myself were staying at <strong>the</strong><br />
Heen Wewa bungalow when we were woken up on <strong>the</strong> 19th August morning. The time<br />
was 3.30 am. <strong>the</strong> tracker had come <strong>to</strong> inform us that a deer had been attacked by a<br />
leopard and was lying behind <strong>the</strong> bungalow keepers quarters. A fully-grown female<br />
spotted deer lay barely five feet away from <strong>the</strong> rear <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> quarters. She had a single<br />
338
12/10/2007<br />
puncture wound on <strong>the</strong> neck and was very much alive. There was some blood on <strong>the</strong><br />
ground where she lay. For some reason she was unable <strong>to</strong> get up. We suspected that her<br />
back might have been broken. She appeared <strong>to</strong> have no o<strong>the</strong>r external injuries. The<br />
Assistant bungalow keeper said that he had been woken up by <strong>the</strong> commotion at <strong>the</strong> back.<br />
At that time he had also noted a large wild boar in <strong>the</strong> vicinity. This led us <strong>to</strong> speculate<br />
that <strong>the</strong> leopard was prevented from finishing <strong>the</strong> job by <strong>the</strong> wild boar. We where now<br />
faced with a dilemma, what do we do about <strong>the</strong> deer?<br />
We decided <strong>to</strong> do nothing, after all nature should run its due course. We hoped that <strong>the</strong><br />
leopard would come back and finish <strong>the</strong> job thus delivering <strong>the</strong> poor deer from a long a<br />
painful death. With heavy hearts we went back <strong>to</strong> sleep. We woke up at 5.30am <strong>to</strong> be<br />
informed that <strong>the</strong> deer was still alive. It appeared that <strong>the</strong> wild boar and our <strong>to</strong>uches had<br />
driven <strong>the</strong> leopard away. Upon our return from <strong>the</strong> morning round at 10.30 am, we were<br />
informed that <strong>the</strong> deer had just died. The body was still warm. A fur<strong>the</strong>r examination<br />
revealed deep gashes on its belly and flanks, where <strong>the</strong> preda<strong>to</strong>r’s claws may have struck<br />
<strong>the</strong> deer. Already <strong>the</strong> tail had been <strong>to</strong>rn <strong>of</strong>f and eaten. The staff was unable <strong>to</strong> tell if <strong>the</strong><br />
tail was missing when it was still alive. We <strong>the</strong>n dragged <strong>the</strong> carcass <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> side away<br />
from <strong>the</strong> bungalow. We hoped that <strong>the</strong> rightful owner will stake it’s claim on its dinner.<br />
The only animals that did visit <strong>the</strong> carcass were a couple <strong>of</strong> crows and a Ruddy<br />
Mongoose. We arrived back from <strong>the</strong> evening drive <strong>to</strong> find <strong>the</strong> carcass still un<strong>to</strong>uched.<br />
Then suddenly a large tusked wild boar appeared. He was in frenzy, as he had obviously<br />
smelt <strong>the</strong> carcass. He attempted <strong>to</strong> eat, but was uncomfortable about our presence. Then it<br />
did something I had <strong>to</strong> see <strong>to</strong> believe. The wild boar put its snout under <strong>the</strong> deer and<br />
carried it a distance <strong>of</strong> about five feet. It physically carried <strong>the</strong> fully-grown carcass <strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong><br />
ground this way. It repeated this until <strong>the</strong> carcass was deep inside <strong>the</strong> jungle. What an<br />
amazing show <strong>of</strong> strength"<br />
Placid Coorey also reports from Yala. on a Leopard Cub stalking a Wild Pig under <strong>the</strong><br />
watchful eyes <strong>of</strong> its mo<strong>the</strong>r. From 17 <strong>to</strong> 19 July, we (myself, Leslie Bandaranayaka,<br />
Viran & Thilani Perera, Kishan & Surani Gunawardene, Channa Amerasinghe, Pravin<br />
Ramanadan and Nisreen Rehmanjee) stayed at <strong>the</strong> Thalgasmankada bungalow and had 3<br />
sightings <strong>of</strong> leopard and one <strong>of</strong> bear. On 17/07 at about 6.15 pm we witnessed for about<br />
15 minutes <strong>the</strong> Kota Bendi Wewa male cub performing <strong>to</strong> us and ano<strong>the</strong>r jeep at <strong>the</strong><br />
Wewa. It was climbing on<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> branch <strong>of</strong> a fallen tree, strolling around, drinking water<br />
on 2 occasions and sometimes lying and sometimes sitting for a few minutes - before<br />
walking over <strong>the</strong> bund in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> jungle. We were <strong>to</strong>ld that he had been <strong>the</strong>re for at least<br />
half hour before our arrival.<br />
On 18/07 we heard <strong>the</strong> alarm calls <strong>of</strong> deer around <strong>the</strong> Handunoruwa Wewa as we were<br />
returning <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> bungalow at about 6.30 pm and briefly saw <strong>the</strong> Handunoruwa mo<strong>the</strong>r and<br />
cub (according <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> tracker Ajantha Piyananda) as <strong>the</strong>y were walking from <strong>the</strong> wewa<br />
in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> jungle. Expecting <strong>the</strong> leopards <strong>to</strong> cross Thalgasmankada road, we moved on <strong>to</strong><br />
await <strong>the</strong>ir arrival and were rewarded with a fascinating glimpse in<strong>to</strong> jungle life and<br />
leopard cub behaviour.<br />
339
12/10/2007<br />
There was a big wild boar in a clearing about 20 metres from <strong>the</strong> road which was<br />
partially screened from us by scrub. As we watched, <strong>the</strong> cub began <strong>to</strong> stalk <strong>the</strong> boar. It<br />
was obvious <strong>to</strong> us and <strong>the</strong> boar that <strong>the</strong> cub had no chance <strong>of</strong> subduing <strong>the</strong> boar. The boar<br />
would run for a few metres followed by <strong>the</strong> cub and <strong>the</strong>n s<strong>to</strong>p and look around. The cub<br />
<strong>to</strong>o would <strong>the</strong>n s<strong>to</strong>p and go in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> typical stalk pose. The boar would <strong>the</strong>n set <strong>of</strong>f again<br />
followed by <strong>the</strong> cub, this pattern being repeated several times before <strong>the</strong>y disappeared<br />
from our view. This behaviour was made more interesting as we could see <strong>the</strong> mo<strong>the</strong>r<br />
leopard seated at <strong>the</strong> edge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> clearing watching its <strong>of</strong>fspring's practice runs.<br />
As we <strong>the</strong>n proceeded along Thalgasmankada road <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> bungalow we again came<br />
across <strong>the</strong> KBW male cub seated by <strong>the</strong> side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> road. It remained for about 5-6<br />
minutes before strolling in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> tall grass. On 19/07 it was overcast most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> day and<br />
<strong>the</strong>re was a heavy downpour in <strong>the</strong> afternoon. Next day as we were returning home we<br />
across a bear with 2 cubs along Gonalebbe Meda Para. Bird sightings included Blacknecked<br />
S<strong>to</strong>rk, Crested Hawk-eagle, Grey-headed Fish Eagle, Sirkeer Malkoha etc.<br />
Chitral Jayatilake visited Yala from <strong>the</strong> 21st <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> 24th July. He says "The park was<br />
very dry although a few showers had fallen three days before. Thalgasmankada Cubs<br />
were seen on <strong>the</strong> 21st morning when we arrived and we observed <strong>the</strong> female cub that<br />
evening at Kotabendi Wewa A second grown Male Leopard was seen near <strong>the</strong> Buttuwa<br />
Junction and a third sighting <strong>of</strong> a female was made on <strong>the</strong> 23rd morning in <strong>the</strong><br />
Dharshana Wewa vicinity. A bear and her cub on her back was seen on <strong>the</strong> 23rd evening<br />
on <strong>the</strong> Buttuwa Wewa Road and a fur<strong>the</strong>r sighting <strong>of</strong> a Leopard and her Cub was made<br />
by <strong>the</strong> 2nd vehicle on <strong>the</strong> Heen Wewa road early 23rd Morning (close <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Bungalow).<br />
Very few elephants were observed not surprisingly during this time <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> year. The<br />
intermediate rain has spoiled <strong>the</strong> chances <strong>of</strong> leopard sightings somewhat and a couple <strong>of</strong><br />
weeks without sudden rains will make <strong>the</strong> situation much better".<br />
NEW BOOKS<br />
The text below is from Press Releases by <strong>the</strong> Publishers.<br />
Gulls <strong>of</strong> Europe, Asia and North America by Klaus Malling Olsen and Hans Larsson.<br />
Illustrated by Hans Larsson. Published August 2003 ISBN 0-7136-4377-3. GBP 45. A&C<br />
Black Publishers Ltd, 37 Soho Square, London W1 D 3QZ, UK. Tel 020 7758 0200. Email<br />
publicity@acblack.com.<br />
A new title in <strong>the</strong> highly acclaimed Helm Identification Guides series, Gulls <strong>of</strong> Europe,<br />
Asia and North America comprehensively covers some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> most familiar seabirds as<br />
well as some little known and globally threatened species <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> gull family. This is <strong>the</strong><br />
first detailed identification guide for <strong>the</strong> challenging species in 16 years and is set <strong>to</strong><br />
become a vital reading for any birdwatcher interested in <strong>the</strong> species. A <strong>to</strong>tal <strong>of</strong> 43 species<br />
are treated in this long awaited guide, which focuses on identification, moult, status and<br />
distribution. The guide combines detailed text with 96 full colour plates covering all<br />
plumages and variations, both in flight and at rest along with 800 previously unpublished<br />
colour pho<strong>to</strong>graphs taken by some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> world's leading bird pho<strong>to</strong>graphs. It also<br />
340