Crime Classification Manual

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Introduction 13 one homicidal event. A double homicide is two victims, one event, and in one location. A triple homicide has three victims in one location during one event. Anything beyond three victims is classified as a mass murder—that is, a homicide involving four or more victims in one location and within one event. Two additional types of multiple murders are spree murder and serial murder. A spree murder involves killing at two or more locations with no emotional cooling-off period between murders. The killings are all the result of a single event, which can be of short or long duration. Serial murders are involved in three or more separate events with an emotional cooling-off period between homicides. At a 2005 FBI conference on serial murder, discussion focused on whether to classify a serial crime with two or more separate events. Exhibit I.1 is a worksheet that outlines the defining characteristics of each of the categories. Under each characteristic are some of the aspects that will assist investigators in classifying the offense. CRIME CLASSIFICATION NUMBERING SYSTEM The numbering system for classifying crimes uses three digits, with the first digit representing the major crime category. All possible codes are not currently assigned in anticipation of future editions. There are five major crime categories in this edition: homicide, arson/bombing, rape and sexual assault, nonlethal crimes, and computer crime, with the last two new to this edition. The homicide category is identified by the number 1 (codes 100 to 199), arson/bombing by the number 2 (codes 200 to 299), rape and sexual assault by the number 3 (codes 300 to 399), nonlethal crimes by the number 4 (400–499), and computer crimes by the number 5 (codes 500–599). As other major crimes categories are classified, they will be assigned appropriate identification codes. The second digit of the code represents further grouping of the major crimes. Homicides are divided into four groups: criminal enterprise (100 to 109), personal cause (120 to 129), sexual (130 to 139), and group cause (140 to 149). There are unassigned numbers that allow for future editions within specific categories and additional groups within a major category. The third digit of the code represents specific classifications within these groups. Individual classifications within these groups are further divided into subgroups using two additional digits following a decimal point after the code. The division into subgroups occurs when there are unique characteristics within a factor that clearly identify a major difference with the group. For example, domestic homicide (code 122) has two subgroups: spontaneous domestic homicide (122.01) and staged domestic homicide (122.02).
14 INTRODUCTION Exhibit I.1. Crime Classification Worksheet I. Victimology: Why did this person become the victim of a violent crime? A. About the victim Lifestyle Employment Personality Friends (type, number) Income (amount, source) Family Alcohol/drug use or abuse Normal dress Handicaps Transportation used Reputation, habits, fears Marital status Dating habits Leisure activities Criminal history Assertiveness Likes and dislikes Significant events prior to the crime Activities prior to the crime B. Sexual Assault: Verbal Interaction Excessively vulgar or abusive Scripting Apologetic C. Arson and bombing: targeted property Residential Commercial Educational Mobile, vehicle Forest, fields II. Crime Scene How many? Environment, time, place How many offenders? Organized, disorganized Physical evidence Weapon
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Page 8 and 9: Contents Preface to the Second Edit
Page 10: To the victims of violent crimes an
Page 13 and 14: x PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION The
Page 15 and 16: xii PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION v
Page 18 and 19: Introduction Violent crime is of in
Page 20 and 21: Introduction 3 arrestees. Of those
Page 22 and 23: Introduction 5 inals far outshadowe
Page 24 and 25: Introduction 7 making a decision on
Page 26 and 27: Introduction 9 trast, the product t
Page 28 and 29: Introduction 11 a sexual homicide.
Page 32 and 33: Introduction 15 Body disposition It
Page 34: PART ONE Crime Analysis and Investi
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Page 66 and 67: Prescriptive Interviewing 49 Causat
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Classifying Crimes by Severity 63 T
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Classifying Crimes by Severity 65 D
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Classifying Crimes by Severity 67 P
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Classifying Crimes by Severity 69 T
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Classifying Crimes by Severity 71 o
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CHAPTER 5 VICAP The Violent Crimina
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VICAP 75 criminal offender, or offe
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VICAP 77 tified and it is determine
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VICAP 79 days. Nevertheless, it is
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VICAP 81 that is better done by est
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VICAP 83 exceeded the accuracy of t
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VICAP 85 years ago in the alley, th
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VICAP 87 consists of more than 18 F
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VICAP 89 consulted on the Seattle,
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CHAPTER 6 Homicide 100: Criminal en
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Homicide 95 crime index, these offe
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Homicide 97 tated, involving offens
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Homicide 99 100: CRIMINAL ENTERPRIS
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Homicide 101 Postoffense, the offen
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Homicide 103 The ambush, sniper sty
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Homicide 105 Defining Characteristi
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Search Warrant Suggestions Homicide
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Homicide 109 Crime Scene Indicators
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Homicide 111 White’s associates i
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Homicide 113 A hostage/barricade si
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Homicide 115 tributing to the Jacks
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Homicide 117 neighborhood church tw
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Homicide 119 Common Forensic Findin
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Homicide 121 Both victims were user
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Homicide 123 first conviction using
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Homicide 125 trade; firearms; phone
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Homicide 127 When he was not making
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Homicide 129 107: INSURANCE-RELATED
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Homicide 131 kind should be looked
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Homicide 133 passenger side of the
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Homicide 135 the victim, motivated
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Homicide 137 prison guard doing rou
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Homicide 139 and managed. He had al
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Homicide 141 lent crime, a homicide
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Homicide 143 crime, so this additio
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Forensic Findings Homicide 145 All
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Homicide 147 are involved, there is
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Homicide 149 below the diagnosis of
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Homicide 151 120: PERSONAL CAUSE HO
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Homicide 153 focused on the victim.
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Homicide 155 (Lennon’s wife was J
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Homicide 159 preceded one week to t
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Homicide 161 unopened a few days la
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Homicide 163 no guardrails, it is a
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Homicide 165 Although the vast majo
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Homicide 167 the victim, or the “
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Homicide 169 Isolated in her privac
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Homicide 171 a young white male spr
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Homicide 173 setbacks probably woul
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Homicide 175 murder. More than one
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Homicide 177 inability to handle or
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Homicide 179 He had once declined a
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Homicide 181 offender and not be ob
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Homicide 183 from it, and it is dis
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Homicide 185 behind, finishing Gian
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Homicide 187 of the more public mur
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Homicide 189 be less organized than
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Homicide 191 walked from the front
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Homicide 193 was struck on the elbo
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Homicide 195 cumstantially to sever
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Homicide 197 Staging. Religion-driv
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Homicide 199 While the location of
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Homicide 205 their deathbed. Many n
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Homicide 207 When Jones’s advisor
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Homicide 209 within twenty-five min
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Homicide 211 From November 9, 1981,
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Homicide 215 The organized sexual m
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Homicide 217 posal. Duct tape resid
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Homicide 219 The body may be positi
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Homicide 221 ever, her young age an
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Homicide 223 133: SEXUAL HOMICIDE,
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Crime Scene Indicators Homicide 225
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Homicide 227 torture involving exce
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Homicide 229 present in injuries in
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Victimology Homicide 231 Lucinda Sc
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Homicide 233 females, within a narr
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Homicide 235 life imprisonment. Bit
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Homicide 237 cially. The proximity
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Investigative Considerations Homici
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Homicide 241 In mid-August of that
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Homicide 243 Psychiatrist Ames Robe
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Homicide 247 On top of the grave si
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Homicide 249 contained in the Book
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Homicide 251 social, economic, or r
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Homicide 253 Postincident analysis
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Homicide 255 the SLA, were sentence
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Homicide 257 stormed the house with
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Homicide 259 fear of the offenders,
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CHAPTER 7 Arson/Bombing 200: Vandal
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Arson/Bombing 263 that location. An
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Arson/Bombing 265 instigator of the
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Arson/Bombing 267 the broken window
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Search Warrant Suggestions Arson/Bo
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Arson/Bombing 271 be a serial arson
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Arson/Bombing 273 CASE STUDY: 221:
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Arson/Bombing 275 “DNA torch,”
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Arson/Bombing 277 Most murder conce
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Arson/Bombing 279 loss—for exampl
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Arson/Bombing 281 that he had disco
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Investigative Considerations Arson/
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Arson/Bombing 285 gation, both the
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Arson/Bombing 287 Metesky was found
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Arson/Bombing 289 Serial arsonists
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Arson/Bombing 291 Arson specialists
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CHAPTER 12 Classifying Internet Chi
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Table 12.1. Frequencies of Trader,
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Classifying Internet Child Sex Offe
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PART THREE Methods of Killing
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CHAPTER 14 Homicidal Poisoning ARTH
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Homicidal Poisoning 473 reported du
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Homicidal Poisoning 475 of the patt
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Homicidal Poisoning 477 Table 14.1.
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Homicidal Poisoning 479 tected only
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Homicidal Poisoning 481 neighbors b
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Homicidal Poisoning 483 charges, an
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CHAPTER 16 Wrongful Convictions Cau
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Wrongful Convictions 497 year since
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Wrongful Convictions 499 before. A
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Wrongful Convictions 501 Reproducti
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Wrongful Convictions 503 “I stopp
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Wrongful Convictions 505 out the po
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Wrongful Convictions 507 “The rec
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CHAPTER 17 Criminal Confessions Ove
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Criminal Confessions 511 individual
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Interview Principle: Preserve the E
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Criminal Confessions 515 • Most o
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Criminal Confessions 517 press for
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Bibliography Altman, L. K. (2001, D
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Bibliography 521 Cohen, M. L., et a
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Bibliography 523 Icove, D. J., & Es
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Bibliography 525 McAuliffe, W. (200
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Bibliography 527 Sifakas, C. (1981)
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About the Editors John E. Douglas,
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About the Editors 531 Archdiocese o
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About the Contributors Susan H. Ada
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A Adams, S. A., 509, 515 Alberti, P
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F Faherty, Kevin, 240 Ferguson, Car
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McClenahan, Shawn, 79 McDade, J., 4
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Vincent, Jan-Michael, 370 Vollmer,
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544 SUBJECT INDEX Arson, extremist-
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546 SUBJECT INDEX Computer crimes,
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548 SUBJECT INDEX Georgia, Gregg v.
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550 SUBJECT INDEX Mississippi, Minn
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552 SUBJECT INDEX Remote Sensing La
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554 SUBJECT INDEX Threats, communic
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