Respiratory Diseases and the Fire Service - IAFF

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Respiratory Diseases and the Fire Service
Reactive (Lower) Airways Dysfunction Syndrome (RADS)
and Asthma ........................................................................................ 258
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) ...................................... 260
Parenchymal Lung Diseases .................................................................. 261
Pulmonary Malignancies........................................................................ 262
The Impact of Exposure Time On Respiratory Disease .................. 262
Treatment of WTC Upper and Lower Airways Disease ........................ 263
Conclusion ............................................................................................... 265
References................................................................................................ 266
Diagnosis and Treatment
Chapter 4-1 • Pulmonary Function Tests for Diagnostic and Disability
Evaluations ..................................................................................................... 271
Introduction ............................................................................................ 271
Peak Flow/Spirometry/Bronchodilator Responsiveness ..................... 272
Peak Flow Meter ................................................................................ 272
Spirometry ......................................................................................... 272
Flow Volume Loop ............................................................................ 274
Bronchodilator Responsiveness or Reversibility ............................ 274
Test of Lung Volume And Diffusion Capacity ....................................... 275
Lung Volume Measurements ........................................................... 275
Body Plethysmography ..................................................................... 278
Diffusing Capacity ............................................................................. 278
Provocative Challenge Testing (Methacholine, Cold Air
and Exercise) ........................................................................................... 280
Exercise Testing ....................................................................................... 281
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing .................................................. 281
Six-Minute Walk Test ........................................................................ 282
Disability Evaluation ............................................................................... 282
References................................................................................................ 283
Chapter 4-2 • Imaging Modalities in Respiratory Diseases ........................ 285
Commonly Used Modalities ................................................................... 285
Chest X-Ray (CXR) ............................................................................ 285
Science Behind X-Rays ............................................................... 285
Equipment and Procedure ........................................................ 285
Common Uses ............................................................................. 286
Benefits of Procedure .................................................................. 286
Risks of Procedure ....................................................................... 286
Limitations ................................................................................... 287
Abnormal Patterns on CXR ........................................................ 287
Pleural Abnormalities ................................................................. 288
Shadows and Other Markings .................................................... 288
Computerized Tomography (CT) Scan ........................................... 289
Equipment and Procedure ....................................................... 289
Common Uses ............................................................................. 290
Role of Chest CT in the Diagnosis of Respiratory Diseases..... 290