(L.) C. Jeffrey from India using internal transcribed - Academic ...

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African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 10(72), pp. 16138-16144, 16 November, 2011 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB DOI: 10.5897/AJB11.1994 ISSN 1684–5315 © 2011 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Karyotype studies on Tagetes erecta L. and Tagetes patula L. Pin Zhang, Li Zeng*, Yan-Xue Su, Xiao-Wen Gong and Xiao-Sha Wang School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China. Accepted 30 September, 2011 Karyotypes of nine Tagetes erecta L. accessions and three Tagetes patula L. accessions were studied. The chromosome numbers of T. erecta and T. patula were 2n=2x=24 and 2n=4x=48, respectively. The karyotype formulae of T. erecta L. ‘Scarletade’ and ‘Perfection Yellow’ are 2n=2x=24=4sm+20m; ‘9901AB’ and ‘Harvest’, 2n=2x=24=2sm+22m; ‘Taishan’, 2n=2x=24=14sm+10m; ‘Marvel’ and ‘Perfection Orange’, 2n=2x=24=24m. The karyotype formulae of T. patula L.: ‘GoldenGate’ and ‘Janie’ are 2n=4x=48=4sm+44m; ‘Little Hero’, 2n=4x=48=48m. Key words: Tagetes erecta L., Tagetes patula L., chromosome, karyotype. INTRODUCTION Tagetes erecta L. and Tagetes patula L. belonged to composites family. They originated from Central America, mainly distributed in western Mexico and southeastern Arizona (Robert, 1962). The genus Tagetes (Asteraceae) contains 56 species, of which only few species were currently cultivated as horticultural crops. Some companies, such as, Thompson and Morgan, Pan- American Seed and SluisGroot etc. cultivate new cultivars every year. Examples are, ‘Marvel’ line, ‘Taishan’ line of T. erecta L. and ‘Bonanza’ line, ‘Boy’ line of T. patula L. which have been widely used in the world. Most of the cultivars were produced in the traditional hybridization breeding way (Wang, 2003, 2009; Tian et al., 2007). Besides, some works also have been done on the breeding of transgenic marigold (Gregorio et al., 1992; Charles et al., 2001). Nowadays, the species widely used throughout the world were T. erecta L., T. patula L. and T. tenuifolia (Soule, 1996). In China, T. erecta L. and T. patula L. were introduced and widely cultivated as important garden plants. In addition, the inflorescence of pigment T. erecta L. flowers were also ideal materials for extracting lutein. Therefore, it was very important to study Tagetes plant with their great economic value. The plant taxonomy was mainly based upon morpholo- *Corresponding author. E-mail: zljs@sjtu.edu.cn. Tel: 021- 34206932. Fax: +86 34206943. gical, cytological, and molecular biological analysis, etc. As an important means of cytological analysis, chromosome karyotype analysis has been widely used in biological genetic variation, systematic evolution or relationship identification (Zheng et al., 2005; He et al., 2005; He and Zhang, 2009). Up till now, there have been massive reports about chromosome karyotype analysis in Asteraceae plants (Kong, 2000; Yang, 2001; Xie and Zheng, 2003; Chen, 2008; Zhang et al., 2009). For instance, Li et al. (2007) studied the karyotype of fourteen cultivars of cut chrysanthemum, and Zhang et al., (2009) conducted a cytological study on the genus Syncalathium (Asteraceae-Lactuceae). But the karyotypes of Tagetes plants were rarely studied. In our paper, we widely collected Tagetes species and cultivar materials which were popular in China for a systematic study on their chromosome numbers and karyotypes, while related researches have not been reported. The objective of this study was to provide cytological information for systematic classification, breeding and germplasm resources study. MATERIALS AND METHODS This research studied on twelve accessions of genus Tagetes which were popular in the domestic market, including seven ornamental T. erecta cultivars, two pigment T. erecta cultivars (T. erecta L. ‘Scarletade’ and ‘9901AB’), three T. patula cultivars (Table1). All karyotype observations were made from root tips. Seeds were germinated on wet filter paper in Petri dishes at 25°C. Fresh root
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