BMEP Yearbook AY 2011/2012 (PDF 3.0Mb - International Academy ...

PRESIDENT’S ADDRESS
The Life Sciences represent a cutting-edge interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary field, building a bridge between the natural
sciences and the humanities. This bridge is important regarding many aspects of Life Sciences research and education,
including innovations in food technology, new medical technology and treatment options, as well as biotechnology and gene
technology. These dimensions will change our personal and social lives fundamentally. We believe that the methods and results
of the Life Sciences deserve our special attention at this stage of global development.
It is the mission of the IALS (International Academy of Life Sciences) to foster a new generation of clinical scientists making
the most of this fascinating development. Here the IALS University Network with IALS core universities can be seen as an
interdisciplinary “think tank”. It is a forum addressing brand new issues in the Life Sciences, as well as a place for the
production and analysis of ideas which can then be diffused by public understanding.
The IALS is an international network. Each member represents a further network (of universities, institutions, organizations),
making the IALS an international network of networks.
Since the BMEP-Biomedical Sciences Exchange Program and IALS-International Academy of Life Sciences were founded in
1979, over 1,600 German and American students, post-graduates, faculty members and scientific assistants have been placed at
universities and scientific institutes on both sides of the ocean.
Building on this very successful history spanning almost 30 years, we are still focusing on the areas of education and
initiatives/projects involving emerging critical issues, motivating young advanced students to start careers as “clinical
scientists”, while also being a forum for “Critical Issues in the Life Sciences”. This all happens on a well established
transatlantic “two-way” bridge. However, we are also pleased to be opening up new horizons in the global arena, such as the
Baltic Region and St. Petersburg, Guangzhou in China and Istanbul in Turkey.
All of this is made possible by the support of long-standing members of the IALS Board and IALS-Development Committee
(see http://www.lifesciences.net/aboutus/board.html). This Academic Yearbook is dedicated to those members who work so
hard for the sustainability of IALS.
Prof. Hilmar Stolte, M.D.
President IALS & BMEP
University Professor em., Medizinische Hochschule Hannover
Distinguished Professor, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin

Participants
Participant Home University Host University
Atasoy, Cana Selen Technische Universität München The University of New South Wales, Sydney
Atmanli, Ayhan Ruprecht-Karls-Universitaet, Heidelberg Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
Behnert, Astrid Medizinische Hochschule Hannover University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta
Buttgereit, Anne Universität Ulm University of California, San Diego, CA
Czogalla, Jan Westf. Wilhelms-Univ., Münster University of California, San Diego, CA
Deutsch, Konstantin Medizinische Hochschule Hannover The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbour, ME
Goelzenleuchter, Meike Charite Universitätsmedizin, Berlin Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
Greve, Tobias Technische Universität München University of California, San Francisco, CA
Heinbokel, Tim Charite Universitätsmedizin, Berlin Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
Hilger, Alina Rhein. Friedrich.-Wilh. Univ., Bonn University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
Hoepting,Matthias Medizinische Hochschule Hannover University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
Hupe, Marie-Christine Medizinische Hochschule Hannover University of Miami, Miami, FL
Jeng-Singh, Christian Medizinische Hochschule Hannover Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
Kasper, Judith RWTH, Aachen Maastricht University, Maastricht, NL
Kern, Anna** Medizinische Hochschule Hannover Institute of Experimental Medicine, RAMS,
St. Petersburg
Klukas, Jana Medizinische Hochschule Hannover Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
Reichermeier,Kurt Justus Liebig Universität, Giessen California Institute of Technology, Pasadena,
CA
Rümmler, Robert Joh. Gutemberg Universität, Mainz University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
Schmidt-Lauber, Christian Westf. Wilhelms-Univ., Münster University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA
Schröder, Linda RWTH, Aachen Maastricht University, Maastricht, NL
Sieben, Anna RWTH, Aachen University of California, Los Angeles, CA
Liskovykh, Mikhail* RAMS, St. Petersburg Max Delbrück Center, Berlin
* postgraduate
** Anna Kern was in St. Petersburg for a second year, again funded by B. Braun – Melsungen AG. Please see the BMEP
Academic Yearbook 2010/11 for her personal pages.

4:00PM – 6:00PM
6:00PM – 7:30PM
7:30AM – 9:00AM Breakfast at the Hotel
IALS/BMEP STUDENTS’ CONFERENCE
April 26-28, 2012
University of Massachusetts Boston
AGENDA
Day One - Thursday, April 26
Check into Hotel in Boston (Double Tree Hilton Bayside)
Informal Cocktail Gathering in Hotel for All Attendees
Day Two – Friday, April 27
9:00AM – 9:30AM Move to University of Massachusetts, Healey Library Section B
9:30AM – 9:40 AM “Welcome” by University of Massachusetts Hosts
9:40 AM – 10:00 AM “Greetings and Introductions of Guest Speakers, BMEP Alumni
other Guests, and BMEP Students” by Prof. Hilmar Stolte, M.D.
10:00 AM – 11:00AM Round Table Discussion
“Biobehavioral Risk Factors” led by Prof. Siegfried Geyer, Prof. Laura Hayman
and Prof. Christiane Kugler, with US BMEP Alumni and Others
11:00AM – 11:15AM Coffee Break
11:15AM – 4:30PM Student Presentations of Their Laboratory Research Projects
Moderator: Prof. Eunsook Hyun, Associate Provost, UMass, Boston
11:15AM – 11:30AM Ayhan Atmanli, Universität Heidelberg and Harvard Medical School, Boston,
MA, “Generation of Aligned Cardiomyocyte Sheets from Mouse Committed
Ventricular Progenitors”
11:30 AM – 11:45AM Astrid Behnert, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover and University of Calgary,
Calgary, Alberta, CN, “The Role of M-type Phospholipase A2 Receptor as an
Autoantigen in Membranous Nephropathy”
11:45AM – 12:00
Noon
Anne Buttgereit, Universität Ulm and Univ. of Calif. at San Diego, San Diego,
CA, “The Role of PPAR delta on Neural Function and Neurodegeneration”

12:00 PM – 12:15 PM Konstantin Deutsch, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover and The Jackson
Laboratory and MDI Biological Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, “The Role of
Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) in the Glomerular Filtration Barrier
Function”
12:15 PM – 1:30 PM Lunch
Moderator: Prof. Stefan G.Tullius, Harvard Medical School, Boston
1:30 PM – 1:45 PM Meike Gölzenleuchter,Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Mayo Clinic,
Rochester, MN, “DNA Methylation and Pain”
1:45 PM – 2:00 PM Tobias Greve, Technische Universtät München and Univ. of Calif. at San
Francisco, San Francisco, CA, “Understanding Micro RNAs and Their Targets
During Reprogramming”
2:00 PM – 2:15 PM Timm Heinbokel, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Brigham & Women’s
Hospital, Boston, MA, “ Age-dependent Dendritic Cell Phenotype and Function”
2:15 PM – 2:30 PM Alina Hilger, Universität Bonn and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ann
Arbor, MI, “Gene Identification in VACTERL Association”
2:30 PM – 2:45 PM Matthias Höpting, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover and Univ. of Michigan,
Ann Arbor, MI, “Pathophysiology in Gastrointestinal Graft Versus Host Disease”
2:45 PM – 3:00 PM Coffee Break
Moderator: Dr. Elmar R. Burchardt, Vicepresident Pfizer, Cambridge
3:00 PM – 3:15 PM Marie Hupe, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover and Univ. of Miami Miller
School of Medicine, Miami, FL, “Tumor Markers in Targeted Therapy”
3:15 PM – 3:30 PM Christian Jeng-Singh, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover and Mayo Clinic,
Rochester, MN, “Gene Therapy for Chronic Pain”
3:30 PM – 3:45 PM
5:00 PM – 6:00 PM Cocktail Hour
Kurt Reichermeier, Universität Giessen and Calif. Institute of Technology,
Pasadena, CA, “Implications of the P97/VCP Adapter Protein UBXD7 in HIF-
1alpha Turnover”
Faculty Club of the University of Massachusetts
6:00PM – 9:00PM Dinner at the Faculty Club of the University of Massachusetts at Boston
Day Three - Saturday, April 28
9:30 AM – 10:30 AM Brunch in the OITA conference room 2215, UMass Boston Campus Center
10:30 AM – 12 Noon Round Table Discussion – Questions and Suggestions Brought up by AY 2011-
2012 BMEP Students, US Alumni, Visitors, and Guests

SELEN ATASOY
Email: selenatasoy@gmail.com
Home Institution: Technische Universität München
Host Institution: University of New South Wales
Research Mentor: Joel Pearson, PhD,
Principal Investigator and Head of the Pearson Lab,
Senior Lecturer and CJ Martin Fellow at University of New South Wales.
Personal Reaction to the Australian Experience: After 29 hours flight, when I finally arrived in Sydney, I was impressed by
the natural beauty of the city, with its bright sunshine and amazing ocean. Diving into the ocean right on my arrival helped me
to completely forget about my long flight and took away all my tiredness. Soon I started getting used to the vibrant, friendly
and relaxed lifestyle of Sydney. I was very impressed by the ease and efficiency of the Australian lifestyle, which was
accompanied by my warm welcome at the lab in UNSW. Exploring the research in cognitive neuroscience department, which
was very new and exciting to me, in the beautiful environment of Sydney, has been a unique experience.
Greatest Difficulties Encountered: Driving on the left side of the road.
Most Humorous Incident: In my last week in Australia, I was travelling on the east coast and joined a three-day tour on Fraser
Island. As a group we had 4 identical four-wheel drives and I somehow ended up being the driver of one of the cars. Driving on
the left side of the road and changing gears with my left hand was very strange. After quite a bumpy ride on the sand and
couple of near accidents, I finally started to get used to driving on the left. But when we went to get fuel before returning the
cars, we realized that all the cars needed exactly the same amount of fuel except for the one I was driving… (of course it
needed a lot more than the other three).
Helpful Hints for Future Students:
- Open a bank account with Deutsche Bank and activate it for Australia, then you can get cash out without paying any fees from
any Westpac branch.
- Don’t think that the weather in Australia is constantly sunny, so pack a rain coat, especially if you will be there for the
southern hemisphere autumn or winter.
- Plan some time for travelling, Australia is amazingly beautiful!
Students’ conference Faculty members 2012

Abstract on Research Topic – Selen Atasoy
Title: Measuring the Metacognition of Visual Imagery using Binocular Rivalry
Author(s): Selen Atasoy 1,2 , Amanda Krulis 1 , Joel Pearson 1
Institution:
1 Pearson Lab, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
2 Chair for Computer Aided Medical Procedures, Faculty of Informatics, Technische Universität München,
Introduction:
When two conflicting visual patterns are presented simultaneously to each eye, they lead to competitive interactions in the
visual cortex such that the subject consciously perceives only one stimulus at a time. This phenomenon, known as binocular
rivalry, has been used to demonstrate the functional impact of visual imagery (in the absence of the appropriate external
stimuli) on subsequent perception. It has been shown that visual imagery has location and orientation-specific effects on the
perception of subsequent rivalry stimulus in favor of the imagined pattern. The aim of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of
subjects’ metacognitive knowledge of their imagery performance in relation to the subsequent perception of a binocular rivalry
stimulus.
Materials and Methods:
Previous to the experiment, subjects performed offline training for moving a joystick according to the intensity of a stimulus
displayed on the screen. To investigate the effects of imagery and the accuracy of subjects’ metacognitive knowledge, subjects
were instructed to imagine one of the two rivalry patterns previously seen in the training phase while simultaneously moving a
joystick according to the vividness of the imagined pattern. After each single imagery episode, the rivalry pattern was displayed
briefly, which consisted of a green vertical grating shown to the left eye and a red horizontal grating shown to the right eye. The
subjects reported which of the two patterns appeared dominant after each presentation.
Results/ Conclusions:
The joystick movement from each trial is used as a novel method to measure self-reported imagery vividness; i.e.
metacognition, and is analyzed with respect to its effect on the subsequent perception. Preliminary results suggest the
correlation between the vividness of the imagined pattern (subject’s metacognition) and its effect on the subsequent perception
of the binocular rivalry stimulus.
Note: Selen Atasoy received funding for her BMEP time in Australia from DAAD and UNSW.
Professors Stolte, Langley (Provost, UMass Boston) and Price (Prof. em., King’s College London), Students’ conference

AYHAN ATMANLI
Email: ayhan.atmanli@gmail.com
Home Institution: Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
Host Institution: Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
Research Mentor: Ibrahim Domian, M.D., Ph.D., Staff Cardiologist & Principal
Investigator
Personal Reaction to the U.S. Experience: This is my first trip to the USA, however not my first contact with research.
Boston is the area to be if you seek an opportunity to expand both your research experience and skills, with all the brainpower
and creativity shared by people from all kinds of different backgrounds. I am fortunate to be supervised by my mentor, who has
given me the opportunity to find my own way by allowing me to figure out many research problems on my own. Of course,
Boston offers way more than its most powerful academies – it is a city you definitely feel comfortable in from the very
beginning. If you don’t have a good time in Boston, you won’t have it anywhere else. Wherever I have met people, they have
all been very nice and obliging, even if you needed more than just short assistance. All of this has contributed to the fact that I
have had a terrific time in Boston so far, which I am looking forward to continuing.
Greatest Difficulties Encountered: The visa. You can minimize trouble if you try to arrange for everything you need
personally. Don’t expect anyone to do anything for you. It’s your trip and your responsibility.
Most Humorous Incident: A guy who made every effort to show us the way to the riverside, even though we were willing to
try out our own way and see if we ended up there. He did not let up and asked several other pedestrians for the way to the
riverside. Finally, we found it – the way he had found out for us.
Helpful Hints for Future Students:
• craigslist.com (for literally everything you need)
• Americans don’t like distance – you can get to know tons of people if you are open-minded
• Go for a trip to New York City

Abstract on Research Topic – Ayhan Atmanli
Title: Generation of Aligned 3-Dimensional Myocardial Tissue
Authors: Ayhan Atmanli, Nikhil Vinod Mittal, Ibrahim Domian
Institution: Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
Introduction: Despite many advances in tissue engineering, recapitulation of native tissue structure remains a key challenge in
this field. Usually, artificial scaffolds are used to mimic native tissue architecture, but ideally, engineered tissues would be
made entirely of biological components. Cell sheet engineering techniques address this challenge as they rely on cells to
produce their own extracellular matrix (ECM). However, incorporation of structure into cell sheets has been limited. The
thermoresponsive polymer poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PIPAAm) is an attractive biomaterial substrate for cell sheet
engineering, since it allows confluent cell layers and their associated ECM to be non-invasively removed from PIPAAmgrafted
surfaces as intact sheets, simply by lowering the temperature. However, cell sheets are typically grown on uniform
PIPAAm surfaces, which results in randomly oriented cells. Microcontact printing is a simple and inexpensive technique to
precisely control cell shape, organization, and function, all of which are crucial for the generation of aligned myocardial tissue.
Herein, we propose to combine both techniques to generate and stack aligned cardiomyocyte sheets into three dimensional
functional myocardial tissue.
Accordingly, the major goals for our study are the following:
(1) To create grafted PIPAAm-layer on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) for the generation of cell sheets, and
(2) To generate a micropatterned protein surface on PDMS substrates by microcontact printing for the generation of aligned
myocardial tissue, and
(3) To combine both techniques to generate aligned 3-dimensional myocardial tissue.
Materials and Methods: A monomer solution of N-isopropylacrylamide was deposited onto PDMS-coated glass cover slips
and UV irradiated to polymerize and graft N-isopropylacrylamide onto the PDMS surfaces. The presence of grafted PIPAAm
was assessed with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Patterned PDMS stamps with 20 µm wide, 2 µm tall
ridges, separated by 20 µm spacing were used to print fibronectin onto PDMS surfaces. Immunofluorescence microscopy was
used to stain fibronectin micropatterns. Microcontact printed PDMS substrates were seeded with mouse committed ventricular
progenitors.
Results/ Conclusions: FTIR analysis verified the presence of grafted PIPAAm. Immunofluorescence revealed that the
microcontact printing on PDMS substrates was successful and seeded cells were able to grow anisotropically on the
micropatterns. More experiments regarding the combination of PIPAAm and micropatterns will be performed to achieve the
main goal of generating aligned 3-dimensional myocardial tissue.
Note: Ayhan Atmanli received funding for his BMEP time in the U.S. from DAAD (ISAP Initiative.)

ASTRID BEHNERT
Email: astrid.behnert@googlemail.com
Home Institution: Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
Host Institution: University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Researcher Mentors: Mario Schiffer, M.D., Hannover Medical School;
Marvin J. Fritzler, M.D., Ph.D., University of Calgary
Personal Reactions to the Canadian Experience:
During my stay I met many wonderful people from all over the world, and because Canada is such a multicultural country, I felt
welcome right away. In general, working in the lab wasn’t too different from what I had experienced in Germany. The team I
worked with was great! We often went to different places for lunch and met after work for a beer (or two...) or to go bowling.
I really loved the fact that Calgary is so close to the Rocky Mountains. During the winter, I tried to go snowboarding every
weekend. Unlike in Europe, boarding through the woods is allowed, and since they don’t groom the runs, you could really
enjoy a powder day. I also got quite addicted to Tim Horton’s French Vanilla coffee and their awesome whole grain raspberry
muffins. If my research career is not going anywhere, I will go on a tour across Canada where I’ll stop at every single Tim
Horton’s and have a chat with the locals. Sounds like a good plan, right?
Greatest Difficulties Encountered:
The Calgary transit system is really confusing. You have to know where to get off because there is no screen in the bus telling
you where you are or what station you’ll reach next. Getting to the hospital took me an hour, and I had to change buses twice.
On my first day, I got completely lost on my way back home because I got off at a wrong bus station. Nothing in that area
looked familiar so I had to walk up to a strange guy and ask for directions. He eventually gave me a ride, because it would have
been a really long walk back home. I was thinking of my mom’s, “Don’t get into a car with strangers!” but oh well...
Most Humorous Incident:
Umm, it is hard to pick one incident since there have been so many funny moments and lots of them were based on inside
jokes. Well, I remember one time when a colleague and I went to a restaurant and we were talking about the attractiveness of
the waitresses at that place. During that conversation I accidently mixed up the words “server” and “servant” (which is more
like “slave”) when my colleague suddenly started laughing. Calling the waitress a “servant” to her face would have been really
embarrassing!
Helpful Hints for Future Students:
In the winter time, multiple cheap ski coaches run from Calgary to Lake Louise or Sunshine every weekend. Just visit the
website of the ski resort where you want to go. If you’re into hockey, go to see a game with the Calgary Flames! During the
summer, you have to check out the Calgary Stampede, the world’s biggest rodeo show. Don’t worry - it’s more about the rides
and the shows than about torturing animals.
Astrid with her colleagues

Abstract on Research Topic - Astrid Behnert
Title: PLA2R as autoantigen in idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis
Author: Astrid Behnert
Institution: Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Introduction:
Membranous glomerulonephritis (MG) is a rather rare disease but one of the most common causes for idiopathic nephrotic
syndrome in adults. Two different forms of MG are defined: a primary, idiopathic form, which is found in 80% of MG patients,
and a secondary type caused by a number of different processes such as hepatitis, syphilis or chronic infections. In 2009, Beck
et al. identified the M-type phospholipase A2 receptor as autoantigen in primary MG by immunoblot analysis and mass
spectometry. Antibodies directed to PLA2R are present in greater than 75% of individuals with idiopathic MG but cannot be
found in those with the secondary form of MG. PLA2R can therefore be seen as an immunologic marker for IMN which, for
this reason, can no longer be called "idiopathic".
Little is known about this new antigen. Therefore, we wanted to investigate antibody-antigen-interaction and to develop a more
sensitive and specific assay for anti-PLA2R antibodies. A specific epitope would simplify testing for anti-PLA2R and would
also open up new treatment opportunities.
Materials and Methods:
In order to establish a more sensitive and specific assay than the one already existing, we cloned our PLA2R constructed into a
GFP vector which was then transfected into HEK cells. We developed two different indirect ELISAs. One was based directly
on transfected HEK cells, the other one was on cell lysates. Diluted patient serum was used as a primary antibody. Goat anti-
PLA2R was used as a standard. Diluted patient serum was defined as positive, if the absorbance of the sample was higher than
the absorbance of a diluted healthy control plus two standard deviations. If it was lower, it was defined as negative.
Trying to determine other markers for disease activity, we tested sera for about 80 different cytokines.
For identifying antigen determinants, epitope mapping using SPOT technology was performed. Peptides covering the full
length protein were spotted on a nitrocellulose membrane and potential epitopes detected by running a Western on the
membrane. Potential epitopes were verified using peptide ELISA and Luminex.
Results and Conclusions:
ELISA: Initially, an indirect ELISA directly on PLA2R transfected HEK cells was performed, but since these weakly adherent
cells got disconnected during washing, even when the plate was coated with poly-l lysine, the design of the assay was modified.
Thus, no conclusion about autoantibody levels in patient serum could be made. Therefore, an indirect ELISA where plates were
coated with PLA2R HEK cell lysates was established. The obtained standard curve was very precise and it was possible to
calculate exact autoantibody concentrations. However, absorbances of patient samples and control samples were close together,
so that sensitivity was lower than in the Euroimmune assay. Coating with only an autoantibody-specific part of PLA2R as
antigen could improve testing.
Western on peptide membrane: First, HRP conjugated IgG (all subclasses) was used as a secondary antibody but a high
background signal and no specific dots could be observed. Since it is reported that autoantibodies in IMN predominantly
belong to the IgG subclass 4, HRP conjugated IgG4 was consequently used as a secondary antibody. Fewer background and
strong dots were detected. In order to verify the potential epitopes that were detected by epitope mapping, synthetic peptides
(EZBiolab) were tested in ELISA.
Note: Astrid Behnert received funding for her BMEP time in Canada from BMEP/DAAD.

ANNE BUTTGEREIT
Email: buttgereitanne@gmail.com
Home Institution: University Ulm, Germany
Host Institution: University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
Research Mentor: Albert R. La Spada, M.D., Ph.D.
Personal Reaction to the U.S. Experience:
I am very grateful for having the opportunity to do part of my studies abroad. It is not
only interesting and beneficial in terms of gaining research experience, but also
incredibly valuable for personal development.
I flew into San Diego International Airport by night and all I could see for at least the last 10 mins of my flight were lights.
Houses, streets and population spread out everywhere. That was the first time I really recognized what I had got into by
deciding to move to the US all by myself.
After this first moment of realization it turned out to be not as scary as it seemed at all. My landlady made it very easy for me to
feel welcome right away, and I met a whole bunch of great people I can call friends now. The lab I joined just shifted locations
to the most gorgeous place one could imagine, right on top of a cliff with an ocean view from the working benches.
And the city of San Diego itself? Well it’s big, but it’s also divided into many diverse neighborhoods, so it’s not too hard to
settle in. The way of life down here in southern California is very laid-back. The weather is amazingly warm and sunny which
is why people get spoiled to a point where they call 18°C in mid January “cold”. And the area has just so much to offer that it’s
almost hard to stay inside the lab and focus on work.
Greatest Difficulties Encountered:
Finding an affordable place to stay while still in Germany was very hard, and I was really glad when I finally found a room 2-3
weeks before starting my journey. Getting around in the US, especially on the west coast in southern California, without a car is
nearly impossible. I did that for about one month and then rented a little old car.
Most Humorous Incident:
A running joke was the car I rented in San Diego. Jan, a fellow BMEP student, had told me about this “dirt cheap car rental”
company out here. The name really speaks for itself. I got to rent a tiny Suzuki Swift with more than 170000 miles and who
knows how many years that badly needed a new paint job. It could perfectly hide between all other cars in parking lots and by
American standards it was obviously more like a matchbox car.
Helpful Hints for Future Students:
- start planning ahead regarding visa application and accommodation
- join “couchsurfing” and find meetings/ social activities of the local group
- most important: enjoy your time as much as possible

Abstract on Research Topic – Anne Buttgereit
Title: Role of PPARδ in neuronal function and neurodegeneration
Author: Anne Buttgereit
Institution: Departments of Pediatrics, Cellular & Molecular Medicine, and Neurosciences, and the Institute for Genomic
Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA
Introduction:
Huntington’s disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder displaying motor and cognitive symptoms in an autosomal dominant
pattern of inheritance. The disease-causing protein huntingtin (htt) is characterized by a CAG repeat expansion in exon 1, and is
thus one of nine inherited neurodegenerative diseases of this type. The CAG repeat expansion in the mutated gene leads to a
polyglutamine stretch in the htt protein and thus causes alterations in protein function and processing. Expanded htt fragments
localize to the nucleus and there disrupt transcription. Medium spiny neurons in the striatum of affected individuals were shown
to be especially vulnerable to these effects. This study aims to investigate the interaction of mutated htt and peroxisome
proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) δ, a nuclear receptor involved in the recently highlighted PGC-1α pathway and therefore
in the brain’s energy metabolism.
Materials and Methods:
We performed cell culture experiments in HEK293 cells, C2C12 cells and Hdh striatal-like neurons derived from HD knock-in
mice, including transient transfections of htt and PPARδ followed by co-immunoprecipitation experiments. To delineate the
interaction domain on PPARδ, we generated PPARδ truncation constructs that were transfected into cells or used for in vitro
production of recombinant proteins. Co-immunoprecipitation of endogenously expressed proteins was also performed,
particularly in the HdH striatal-like neurons. The transcriptional function of PPARδ was further investigated by performing
chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) of the protein followed by real-time qPCR. These experiments were performed to
validate the ChIP procedure and the antibody to be used in a ChIP-Seq study.
Results/ Conclusions:
Within the family of PPAR nuclear receptors, the δ subtype exhibits the highest expression level in the brain. We demonstrated
a physical interaction between PPARδ and the htt protein. Furthermore, we showed that this interaction is not affected by the
CAG repeat expansion in htt, and is independent of the presence of PPARδ ligand. The exact region of the PPAR protein
mediating its interaction with htt protein and whether the interaction is direct or indirect remain to be determined. Nonetheless,
these results provide support for the involvement of PPARδ in HD pathogenesis and might suggest a new therapeutic target for
the treatment of HD.
Note: Anne Buttgereit received funding for her BMEP time in the U.S. from the DAAD.
BMEP Students’ conference 2012

JAN CZOGALLA
Email: jan.czogalla@gmail.com
Home Institution: Westfälische Wilhelms Universität, Münster
Host Institution:
University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
Research Mentor:
Volker Vallon, M.D., Professor of Medicine and Pharmacology,
University of California San Diego
Personal Reaction to the U.S. Experience:
I found a very motivated team in a great lab, situated in one of the most rewarding areas for biomedical research one can find:
Whenever we wanted to test a new method or asked a new question, the expert in that field happened to be just two doors away.
My experience further encourages me to follow this path and to stay in biomedical research.
Greatest Difficulties Encountered:
Certainly acquiring the DS-2019 in time and ahead of my stay, and meeting the requirements of overwhelming bureaucracy
(such as clearance by the FBI) at the VA Medical Center in San Diego.
Most Humorous Incident:
Many humorous incidents were created by the fact that the whole lab team was from all over the world (11 people, of whom 3
were "native" Americans), and small misunderstandings were the rule rather than the exception. However, all those superficial
misunderstandings in the end were always resolved and led to a deeper (cultural) understanding.
Helpful Hints for Future Students:
I think my experience was certainly enhanced by the fact that I was working in a smaller lab. While looking for publication
output and great names (which I, of course, also did), don't forget to make sure the person who will be your host really cares for
you while you are here.
Try to acquire your Social Security Number as fast as possible, as it will help you numerous times.

Abstract on Research Topic – Jan Czogalla
Title: Physiological Roles for the CaSR in the context of the JGA
Authors: Jan Czogalla, Takahiro Masuda, Maria Gerasimova, Michael Rose, Volker Vallon
Institution: Department of Nephrology and the Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System, University of
California San Diego, San Diego, CA
Introduction:
The CaSR (Calcium sensing Receptor) is a G-protein-coupled receptor (Gi), consisting of 1078 amino acids, spanning the
cellular membrane seven times and forming two large extracellular loops ("Venus-fly-trap-motif"). It was molecularly
identified in 1993 by Brown et al. (Nature. 1993 Dec 9; 366(6455): 575-80.). One major physiological role is the regulation of
extracellular calcium levels via parathyroid hormone. Activation causes Ca2+-influx into the cell by activation of the
phospholipase-c pathway, inhibiting adenylyl cyclase V and thus decreasing cAMP formation. The CaSR is highly expressed
throughout the tubular system of the kidney, and plays a role in kidney calcium homeostasis. Recently, it has been shown that
CaSRs are also present in the juxtaglomerular cells of mice (Ortiz-Capisano et al., Hypertension 2007; 50:737–743.) They are
thought to promote the calcium paradoxon in the kidney (increasing extracellular Ca2+ levels cause decreasing extracellular
renin levels). However, the physiological role has not yet been proven.
Materials and Methods:
We utilized male C57/Bl6 cre/lox mice (ages 120-230 days, weight 23-41g). The cre-recombinase was active in the promoter
region of the renin gene, activating cre in the JGA cell. The CaSR was floxed. Thus, CaSR deletion promoted by cre
recombinase activity in the JGA cell resulted. These mice were then compared to wild type littermates.
We used different NaCL diets (0.01 %, 0.8% and 4%, Teklad) and measured basal bodyweight, food uptake and water uptake.
Diets were then over crossed, and changes noted. All the while, blood pressure, heart rates and urine electrolyte excretion was
measured. Renin blood levels under different salt diets were measured by RIA assay (Diasorin). We then used several ways of
in vivo stimulation of renin release (Isoproterenol, Enalapril, Furosemide) as well as direct stimulation of the CaSR by Ca2+
and the specific CaSR agonist R-568 and measured resulting changes in renin release. Furthermore, renin mRNA levels were
determined and bio impedance studies were conducted for comparison of total body water, extra- as well as intracellular body
water and body fat content of the mice.
Results/ Conclusions:
We were able to prove the successful knockdown of the CaSR in the JGA cell of our mice. Selective CaSR deletion resulted in
a renal phenotype, which was indifferent to wild type animals under basal conditions. However, diet changes resulted in
difficulties in the compensatory mechanisms of blood pressure and heart rate, compared to physiological response in the wild
type animals. These differences were strongly pronounced in an acute setting (8-48h after salt intake), and were followed by
partial compensation over time (up to six days). Our results suggest a possible involvement of the CaSR in blood pressure
autoregulation via the regulation of renin release.
Note: Jan Czogalla received funding for his BMEP time in the U.S. from DAAD.

KONSTANTIN DEUTSCH
Email:
konstantin.deutsch@stud.mh-hannover.de
Home Institution:
Medizinische Hochschule Hannover
Host Institutions:
The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME and
Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, ME
Research Mentors:
Prof. Dr. Hermann Haller, Adjunct Professor, MDIBL
Prof. Dr. Mario Schiffer, Adjunct Professor, MDIBL
Dr. Ron Korstanje, Senior Research Scientist, The Jackson Laboratory
Personal Reaction to the U.S. Experience:
By pure coincidence I happened to have visited Bar Harbor for vacations two years before I came here, so I already knew what
to expect: A small and exceptionally neat town on Mount Desert Island, surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean and home to Acadia
National Park and its stunning scenery. The population of Bar Harbor changes drastically between high season in the summer
months and fall and the off-season winter. In the summer and during fall with its world famous Indian Summer, the town was
vibrant, always filled with people and the destination of at least one cruise ship a day. It really helped me a lot to get settled
here with so many – mostly touristy – things to do in the summer, essentially getting to live where other people spend their
vacations. I am very glad I had this time to get familiar with Bar Harbor and the people here, because the winter version of Bar
Harbor looks much different – a tiny town, with temperatures around -10° C and nobody on the streets. But by that time I
fortunately knew a lot of people around town, so I didn’t have to be afraid of being too lonely in what then was a somewhat
lonesome place. Both labs I worked in gave me excellent opportunities to work in a highly professional environment on my
research project and develop my own new ideas to always take this project one step further. I met amazing people, both bright
scientists and great new friends. I am extremely grateful I was able to get the chance of having this unique experience.
Greatest Difficulties Encountered:
When I arrived at MDIBL in July, I was first housed in what I had been told was a “rustic cottage”. My housemates and I were
able to turn our little cabin in the woods into a nice cozy place, but apparently we humans weren’t the only ones who really
appreciated a warm and dry house. About two weeks after we first moved in, bats started visiting us on a nightly basis. I am –
to be perfectly honest – not precisely the biggest fan of bats, so it really upset me to wake up from the noise of a bat being
trapped under our roof every night. Thankfully, my PI, Prof. Schiffer, told me about that problem before, so I was well prepared
and brought a mosquito net from Germany, which fortunately kept the bats out of my bed. Apart from my phobia, the greatest
difficulty was – as usual – getting my visa and getting through immigration with it. Being escorted to secondary inspection in
front of all the people waiting in the immigration hall can be quite embarrassing.
Most Humorous Incident:
The most humorous incident is not really a single incident. I guess, it is my time with the bats as well. Apparently, everybody
who came to MDIBL from Hannover Medical School before us, including our PIs, stayed in that cottage as well and made it
out of there well and alive. So whenever I started complaining about those bats, people would start to laugh about me for being
so whiny. Looking back, I really do smile about it as well, it wasn’t that bad after all in retrospect.
Helpful Hints for Future Students:
Everybody writes that and everybody is right: Start taking care of your visa stuff early!
Open a German bank account with which you can withdraw money free of charge in the US (KfW, comdirect,…), as your
scholarship will be wired to a German bank account.
Also, try to open an American bank account because if you want to buy stuff online, you often have trouble using your German
credit card, since the card data is verified by address verification, which just doesn’t work with cards issued by German banks.
Last but not least: Your time in the US will be much more enjoyable if you don’t get upset by “typically” American stereotypes
you may find annoying. Just shrug your shoulders, laugh and remember – there’s probably a whole lot of people who are
annoyed by your own habits. They tolerate you as well.

Abstract on Research Topic – Konstantin Deutsch
Title:
The Role of Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase in the function of the glomerular filtration barrier function
Author:
Konstantin Deutsch
Institutions:
The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, ME, USA
Introduction:
Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) is an NADPH-dependent flavin monoxygenase known to function as the catalyst in the
hydroxylation of L-Kynurenine to form L-3-Hydroxykynurenine in the tryptophan breakdown. While KMO is almost
exclusively linked to neurological phenotypes, metabolites of the KMO-mediated hydroxylation as well as its alternate
pathways are known to be altered in plasma and urine during kidney failure.
KMO was identified as a potential contributor to proteinuria by a genome-wide association study that mapped loci affecting the
albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) in outbred mouse strains. Among the strongest SNP associations found was a region on
chromosome 1 of a cross between the mouse strains C57BL/6J and NZM2410/J (NZM). In this region KMO was identified as
the strongest candidate gene.
Materials and Methods:
A KMO knockdown was performed in zebrafish (Danio rerio) by blocking its translation with an ATG-morpholino, an oligo
which binds to the start codon of the coding gene. The morpholino was injected into the zebrafish eggs while they were in a
one- or two-cell stage.
As a first evaluation of the role of KMO in the glomerular filtration barrier, zebrafish embryos were monitored for the
development of edema over 120 hours post fertilization (hpf). The phenotypes found were staged from P1 (=no edema) to P4
(severe edema, life expectancy usually < 5 days). Two different kinds of functional assays were then carried out to determine
whether proteinuria is the actual cause for the edema. The first assay was done by injecting an FITC-labeled dextran (70 kDa)
into the cardinal vein of 48-hour-old embryos. A baseline fluorescence measurement was taken from the eye of every embryo
24 hours after the injection; this baseline was compared to a second measurement after another 24 hours. A second functional
assay used a transgenic zebrafish line that expresses green fluorescent protein (GFP) attached to a liver fatty acid binding
protein (FABP) (78 kDa). Fluorescence measurements were taken from the eye at 96, 120 and 144 hpf and the mean
fluorescence between the verum and control groups was compared. Electron microscopy was performed on glomeruli of
zebrafish fixed at 120 hpf.
NZM mice were obtained, as KMO for a QTL for elevated ACR was found in this strain, and urine and plasma samples are
being collected. Upon development of proteinuria the mice will be sacrificed and kidneys will be taken for
immunohistochemistry and expression analysis of KMO in proteinuric as well as healthy animals. Urine and plasma will be
screened for altered levels of metabolites of the KMO hydroxylation and its alternate steps.
Results/ Conclusions:
The zebrafish phenotyping, functional assays and electron microscopy show strong evidence that knocking down KMO in
zebrafish leads to renal damage, including podocyte effacement and proteinuria, which supports the hypothesis that a SNP in
the gene coding for KMO would lead to an elevated ACR.
The mouse experiments are ongoing, as the animals have not yet developed an elevated ACR.
Note: Konstantin Deutsch received funding for his BMEP time in the U.S. from DAAD.

MEIKE GÖLZENLEUCHTER
Email: meike.goe@googlemail.com
Home Institution: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Host Institution: Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
Research Mentor:
Andreas. S. Beutler, M.D., Assistant Professor of Oncology and Anesthesiology
Personal Reaction to the U.S. Experience:
The friendliness of the people struck me from the very first day. The shuttle from Minneapolis to Rochester dropped me
directly in front of my house, just because the driver saw my two heavy bags. I loved the typical wood house I shared with my
two American roommates, especially the swinging bench that we had on our porch! During the weekend I spent hours there
having breakfast, reading and listening to the guitar my roommate was playing inside. After six months and with the beginning
of the spring, I finally got to appreciate the calmness of Rochester.
My work experience was very formative, with an alternating course between excitement and frustration. The more I got into a
subject, the more questions crossed my mind, with the answers further leading to new questions, and to finally realizing that
everything was much more complicated than it seemed in the beginning! The atmosphere in my office was great. Due to the
close teamwork with the bioinformaticians I gained great insights into the handling of sequencing data and statistics!
I still think that Rochester is more a complex of Mayo buildings, rather than a city. However that also has some advantages, at
least if you only live there for a year. Since there is not much distraction, you can entirely focus on your research, live healthier
and save money.
Greatest Difficulties Encountered: Getting used to the uniformity of the city, where it seems that everybody is an employee
of the Mayo Clinic.
Most Humorous Incident: In the supermarket there are always lots of employees asking you how you are doing and if you are
finding everything that you need. Once I asked a young employee in his mid-twenties if he could tell me where to find some
rosemary. He stared at me for a couple of seconds and remained silent. I started smiling and carefully asked, “Oh, you don't
know what rosemary is?” Embarrassed, he smiled and said, “No Ma'am, I'm sorry. Most people here don’t cook very often.”
Helpful Hints for Future Students:
- I found my shared house through the Mayo Clinic mailing list. In addition to craigslist it’s a good option (I have been living
with 2 Ph.D. students for 12 months and don’t even have a contract!)
- If you don’t plan to buy a car, get a bike! Grocery shopping becomes much easier.
- Mayo Clinic has its own gym (Dan Abraham Healthy Living Center). It becomes cheaper the more often you go.
- Minneapolis offers a lot of good concerts. You should also have a drink in one of the rooftop-bars in the Uptown area.
- The people here are extremely friendly and everybody will be happy to help.

Abstract on Research Topic – Meike Gölzenleuchter
Title: Methylome-transcriptome analysis of different tissues in the rat
Author: Meike Gölzenleuchter
Institution: Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
Introduction:
Understanding the role of DNA methylation whether in development, gene expression or disease requires insights into the
frequency, distribution and dynamic of these epigenetic alterations. Tissue-specific differentially methylated regions (t-DMRs)
have therefore been the focus of interest of many epigenetic studies over the past few years. However, the relationship between
t-DMRs and tissue-specific gene expression remains ambiguous. In somatic mammalian tissues, DNA methylation occurs
almost exclusively at CpG sites. Many techniques employed to detect altered methylation patterns have been restricted to the
analysis of CpG sites in targeted genomic regions, such as promoters. Here we performed Reduced Representation Bisulfite
Sequencing (RRBS) on the DNA of different tissues of the rat and provide a genome-wide DNA methylation map with
nucleotide resolution for each. The main goal of the study is to find a relationship between t-DMRs and gene expression.
Materials and Methods:
Six different tissues (muscle, spleen, liver, spinal cord, dorsal root ganglion from L4 and from L5 level) from the inbred Brown
Norway rat strain were included in the methylome-transcriptome analysis. For each tissue, two biological replicates were
available. For the methylation analysis DNA was extracted from each tissue and Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing
(RRBS) performed. Total RNA of the same tissues was extracted and sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform.
Results/Conclusions:
For the methylation analysis, we included all CpGs that were common to all samples and had at least a tenfold coverage in each
tissue. This resulted in 998,401 CpGs, corresponding to 2% of all CpG sites in the rat. The methylations patterns between
biological replicates showed high correlation (r > 0.97 for all pairs). On the contrary, alterations in the methylome distinguished
the six tissues under focus. In which genomic areas these tissue-specific differentially methylated regions (t-DMRs) are
preferentially located and how they are related to gene expression is still pending.
Note: Meike Gölzenleuchter received funding for her BMEP time in the U.S. from the DAAD and the Mayo Foundation.
Konstantin Deutsch and Dr. Ron Korstanje in front of the Nobel Mouse Wall at Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME

TOBIAS GREVE
Email: greve.tobias@googlemail.com
Home Institution:
Technische Universtität München; Ludwig-Maximilans-Universität München
Host Institution:
University of California, San Francisco, CA
Research Mentor:
Robert Blelloch, M.D., Ph.D., Associate Professor, Department of Urology,
University of California, San Francisco, CA
Personal Reaction to the U.S. Experience:
In retrospect, after the seven months I have been living here the governing title of this experience would certainly be
“diversity”, as people, opinions and lifestyles vary so extremely in the United States. This was certainly underscored by living
in a shared apartment for 5 people with Chinese students – making it a real intercultural experience.
Apart from that, San Francisco is surely one of the most progressive places in the US and people are, in general, low key and
very life-savoring. At the same time, I have rarely encountered a laboratory with such hardworking and focused members, a
fact I really appreciated.
For all those reasons, I am more than glad to have had the opportunity to work at UCSF. I especially want to thank my host
tutor Dr. Blelloch, my German tutors Drs. Neth and Jochum and the IALS for their great support.
Greatest Difficulties Encountered:
Finding an affordable apartment in San Francisco with just 5 days to go before beginning my laboratory work was not easy.
Craigslist and Padmapper are a great help though.
Most Humorous Incident:
My Chinese roommates’ cooking was a continuous humorous incident. Mostly my reaction to their very exotic dishes like
chicken feet, chicken gizzard or jellyfish, all of which I tried, contributed to a very cheerful experience.
Helpful Hints for Future Students:
Getting the DS2019 in time is certainly a major priority. If time is short, the International Office of the respective institution
can supply the DS2019 number before sending out the actual document. This enables reservations to be made with the embassy
in time. Beware: there is no “emergency” visit possible with the consulate if there are still appointments available in other cities
across Germany – a fact I experienced myself when I had to go to Frankfurt for a five-minute interview at a counter.

Abstract on Research Topic – Tobias Greve
Title: microRNA-294 targets key cellular pathways to promote pluripotency in mouse embryonic fibroblasts.
Authors: Tobias Greve, Robert Judson
Institution: Department of Urology, Univ. of California, San Francisco, CA
Introduction:
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 22 nt non-coding RNAs that regulate expression of downstream targets by mRNA destabilization
and translational inhibition. A large number of eukaryotic mRNAs are targeted by miRNAs, with many individual mRNAs
being targeted by multiple miRNAs. Further, a single miRNA can target hundreds of mRNAs, making these small RNAs
powerful regulators of cell fate decisions and broad cellular programs. Such regulation by miRNAs has been observed in the
maintenance of the embryonic stem cell (ESC) cell cycle and during ESC differentiation. MiRNAs can also promote the
dedifferentiation of somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells. During this process they target multiple downstream genes,
which represent important nodes of key cellular processes.
Previous work from my group showed that microRNA-294, a predominant microRNA present in ESC, is able to enhance the
process of cell dedifferentiation towards ESC like induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). Following that observation, Robert
Judson from my lab created a high-confidence list of potential miR-294 targets by comparing microrarray data and public target
databases for miR-294. This led to a 60-target list for this specific microRNA. When knocking down each of these individual
targets by siRNA, Robert Judson was able to show that a high number of those potential targets significantly enhance
reprogramming as well, as assessed by GFP + colony count.
Pathway enrichment analysis for those 60 targets was carried out by the bioinformatics corps at UCSF and revealed that those
miRNA targets converge in regulating a small number of essential processes and pathways related to pluripotency and selfrenewal.
My project was to verify the statistical results for two of these pathways: IGF/PI3K/Akt signaling and Wnt signaling.
Materials and Methods:
We used the original Yamanaka system for retroviral reprogramming of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Experiments are
normally carried out in 96 well plates. Cells are transfected with different siRNAs and microRNAs during the course of
reprogramming. Apart from assessing reprogramming efficiency and kinetics using a large-scale image analysis system called
“InCell” and GFP-Oct4-MEFs, the plate was also used for immunofluorescence assays to assess Akt and Wnt activity.
Results/ Conclusions:
Experiments are to be carried out for three more months from now, but preliminary results verify the statistical approach by
showing that miR-294: a) modulates Akt signaling by targeting PTEN and Akt1 and b) increases Wnt signaling activity as
revealed by beta-catenin relocalization and luciferase reporter assay. These results corroborate the finding that Akt activation
and Wnt activation increases reprogramming efficiency.
Note: Tobias Greve received funding for his BMEP time in the U.S. from the DAAD.

TIMM HEINBOKEL
Email:
theinbokel@gmail.com
Home Institution:
Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Host Institution:
Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
Research Mentor:
Stefan G. Tullius, M.D., Ph.D., FACS
Chief, Division of Transplant Surgery & Director, Transplant Surgery Research
Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and
Associate Professor of Surgery, Harvard Medical School
Personal Reaction to the U.S. Experience:
Living in the U.S. is in so many ways part of living in any Western country, so that I did not experience anything even similar
to culture shock during my stay. At the beginning, a lot of my cultural stereotypes seemed to be confirmed, but very quickly I
realized that this vast, diverse and constantly changing nation cannot be summarized by one single notion; you will easily be
able to prove and disprove all your prejudices.
Very soon I was able to understand the allure that this country still has for so many people around the world. Many experiences
at the hospital or on campus were simply humbling. Many of the promises this nation makes might not be kept to everyone
anymore, but it is hard to imagine that this country will not reinvent itself one way or the other. Although a working health care
system in the U.S. simply does not exist, some institutions seem to outshine everything. In fact, I was deeply impressed by this
uncompromised striving for professionalism and perfection.
Greatest Difficulties Encountered:
I was able to experience a very competitive biomedical research system as an (thanks to the support of my mentor) innocent
bystander. I saw the incredible potency, but also the brutality of this structure. Learning how research and the relations between
its actors as a political and social system work was sometimes stressful, but always very instructive.
And, of course, finding financial support and applying for a visa are probably among the most stressful aspects of this venture.
Most Humorous Incident:
It’s not exactly a humorous incident, but pretty absurd in its own way: the Department of Music decided to invite David
Liebman over for a jazz residency, including a public master class. Suddenly, after going through a maze of rooms and halls, I
found myself in one room with only fourteen others and this amazing saxophone icon.
Helpful Hints for Future Students:
You have to learn to rein yourself in. You will probably be very motivated when you arrive and at some point you will want to
prove to yourself and your PI what a brilliant mind you are. But be patient and try to remind yourself again and again that
research is just one aspect of your stay and that even if everything goes terribly wrong in the lab you will have a great
experience to look back on for the rest of your life. Make small and well-planned steps and do not try to reinvent the wheel.
Reward yourself when things go well and realize that there is no such thing as perfection and absolute truth in science. Do not
work on weekends or after hours unless you really have to, and just call it a day when nothing seems to work out.
Try to read a lot in order to get to know your field. Ask other lab members about their opinions on specific papers. Ask your PI
if you could work on a review with him.
Insist on having a well-defined project before you come to the US and do not chose your host institution solely based on
reputation, but on the proposed project, foreseeable support and the things you can take out of it besides some lines in your CV.
Don’t be too humble, and know your value and contribution to the lab. Definitely try to do a rotation.
Boston and Cambridge are great, but they represent a very biased version of the U.S., so travel around. Try to experience your
university, your city and your region in ways different than through biomedical research. Go the extra mile at the beginning to
find some native-speaking roommates to live with.

Abstract on Research Topic – Timm Heinbokel
Title: Old graft-derived dendritic cells evoke more potent alloimmune responses
Authors: Heinbokel T, Oberhuber R, Boenisch O, Hock K, Elkhal A, Tullius SG
Institution: Transplant Surgery Research Laboratory, Division of Transplant Surgery, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard
Medical School, Boston, MA
Introduction: In an attempt to meet the growing gap between demand and supply in transplantation medicine, transplantation
of organs from old donors is more and more regarded as common clinical practice. In large-scale clinical studies, however, the
use of these organs has been associated with increased frequencies of acute rejection episodes. We investigated the impact of
donor age on recipient immune responses using a fully MHC-mismatched murine cardiac transplantation model.
Methods/Results: Hearts from young (3 mo) or old (18 mo) C57BL/6 (B6) donor mice were grafted into young (3 mo) DBA/2
recipients. Old hearts were rejected more rapidly than young hearts and H&E staining revealed higher rejection scores.
Furthermore, recipients of old allografts showed more potent systemic immune responses with increased frequencies of
alloreactive IFN-γ producing cells as well as higher percentages of CD8+ effector and CD8+ IFN-γ+ T cells.
To determine whether the overzealous immune response observed after transplantation of old organs is due to enhanced direct
allorecognition promoted by aged graft-derived passenger leukocytes or increased immunogenicity of the aged parenchyma
itself, chimeric animals were generated by transplanting bone marrow from young B6 mice into lethally irradiated old or young
B6 mice. Transplantation of chimeric (i.e. old or young parenchyma with young passenger leukocytes) hearts into young
DBA/2 mice resulted in comparable survival rates, rejection scores and recipient systemic immune responses.
CD11c+ dendritic cells (DCs) have been shown to be key players in direct allorecognition. To investigate in-depth their
relevance among passenger leukocytes in old grafts, depletion of DCs was performed in donors prior to transplantation using
liposomal clodronate. Following transplantation of old or young DC-depleted B6 cardiac allografts into young DBA/2 animals,
survival rates, rejection scores and systemic immune responses were similar between groups.
Finally, priming capabilities of flow-sorted splenic DCs were characterized. DCs from old B6 mice induced higher proliferative
responses and higher frequencies of IFN-γ producing cells after incubation with allogeneic DBA/2 splenocytes in vitro.
Conclusion: These results demonstrate the importance of graft-derived leukocytes and particularly DCs for the clinical findings
we were able to replicate in our model. They highlight the relevance of age-adapted immunosuppression and point to
opportunities for optimization of organ allocation and development of donor pretreatment therapies.
Note: Timm Heinbokel received funding for his BMEP time in the U.S. from DAAD and Stiftung Charité.

ALINA HILGER
Email: alina_hilger@hotmail.com
Home Institution: University of Bonn, Medical School
Host Institution: University of Michigan, Department of Pediatrics
Research Mentors: Friedhelm Hildebrandt, M.D., Heiko Reutter, M.D.
Personal Reaction to the U.S. Experience:
I do not think I can say anything about the U.S. in general. It is a very multifaceted country and so are the people. Speaking of
the people from the Midwest and especially the small city of Ann Arbor, packed with over 40,000 students, I can only say that I
found a lot of friendly, crazy, open minded, always helpful and very good friends here. These people hate prejudice and
everybody is welcome. The mixture of such people and my Lab, with its friendly working atmosphere, made my time here
great – an unforgettable experience!
Greatest Difficulties Encountered:
The greatest difficulty was definitely finding a place to live because I started in October one month after the semester had
started, meaning that all leases were taken. Eventually I was lucky and got a room with a friend of a former student in my lab.
I may also want to mention that “doing my taxes” was only possible with the help of our Administrator and took me almost 2
days!
Most Humorous Incident:
I could name a lot of things here, but since I have to decide on one, I have chosen an incident that started when I got an email
that contained a tornado warning. We were all totally excited since there are six of us Germans in the lab not familiar with
things like tornados. In the end, we all were sitting in the room with the biggest windows waiting to see a tornado as a once-in –
a-lifetime experience, making plans about how to flee to a room without windows if it came towards us. I guess that is what
happens when you put together a couple of curious young researchers, their weather-addicted supervisor and a tornado warning.
“Oh those Germans,” as a friend of mine often says.
The tornado stopped 10 miles away from Ann Arbor, but we had two great hours watching the sky and the weather forecast
instead of our research sequences.
Helpful Hints for Future Students:
Definitely get a driver’s license and a Social Security number! (Without these you are no more than a tourist in the U.S.)

Abstract on Research Topic – Alina C. Hilger
Title: Identification of CAKUT Causing Genes
Authors: Alina C. Hilger 1 , Pawaree Saisawat 1 , Daw-Yang Hwang 1 , Stefan Kohl 1 , Heiko M. Reutter 2 , Friedhelm Hildebrandt 1
Institution: 1 Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA, Howard Hughes Medical
Institute; 2 Department of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
Introduction: The phenotypic spectrum of congenital abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) ranges from
vesicoureteral reflux to renal agenesis and is the most frequent cause of chronic kidney disease in children. Several mouse
models suggest underlying single-gene-defects, of which only a few could be identified in humans so far.
Materials and Methods: Based on the hypothesis that an individual with an autosomal recessive disease will very likely be
identical by descent for the mutated allele, we determined by homozygosity mapping the genomic regions that occur
homozygously in our patients. Whole exome capture was performed and all genes within the homozygous regions were
analyzed. Mutations, identified with the combination of those methods, were verified by Sanger sequencing.
Results/ Conclusions: In 3 individuals with CAKUT phenotype, we identified a homozygous mutation 1046G>A, leading to
an amino acid change R469H in the TNF receptor associated protein (TRAP1). Further studies will be performed to decide
whether mutations in TRAP1 are responsible for the CAKUT phenotype.
Note: Alina C. Hilger received funding for her BMEP time in the U.S. from the DAAD.
Final discussion, Students’ conference 2012

MATTHIAS HOEPTING
Email: matthias.hoepting@gmx.de
Home Institution: Hannover Medical School
Host Institution: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
Research Mentor: James L.M. Ferrara, M.D., Professor of Pediatrics and
Internal Medicine, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Director of Bone
and Marrow Transplantation Program
Personal Reaction to the U.S. Experience: The first experience that sticks in my mind is wandering through the streets of Ann
Arbor on one of my very first days here, just to get to know the city. At a cross-walk I took out a map to orientate myself again,
but before I opened it a woman shouted from the other side of the street and asked if I needed some help. That is a good
example of what I experienced here a lot of times: Americans are very friendly towards foreigners.
Ann Arbor is not a very big city, but has a big university and an even bigger football stadium, which offers space for more
people to watch a game than actually live in Ann Arbor…and surprisingly it is usually full of people.
But that is only one of the astonishing things to discover in this wonderful city. Besides that it is a very international place. I
guess I met more people from foreign countries than from the U.S., so going to Ann Arbor not only gives you the opportunity
to get to know the American culture, but also provides a lot of opportunities to get smaller or bigger insights into a wide variety
of cultures.
That was also reflected in the people in my lab. There were nine individuals from five different countries and working there
was just great. At the beginning I had to get used to such a wide range of accents, but in the end it was no problem at all. Even
though it occasionally took some time to obtain satisfying results, everybody was always willing to help and to discuss how to
improve certain experiments.
Greatest Difficulties Encountered: The most difficult thing was to get all the paperwork done that was required to get my
visa. But somehow everything worked out in the end.
Most Humorous Incident: A friend from Germany and I were invited to my Professor’s for Thanksgiving. After a while my
Professor said, ”Now I’d like to ask the first serious question of this evening - what do you think about Greece?” My friend
didn’t get the point and answered with the most innocent face, “The musical?”
Helpful Hints for Future Students: Try to apply for everything that requires paperwork as soon as possible and use craigslist.
You can find almost everything there. Try to visit some other cities.

Abstract on Research Topic – Matthias Höpting
Title: Pathophysiology in Gastrointestinal Graft versus Host Disease
Authors: Matthias Höpting, Dongchang Zhao, James L.M. Ferrara, M.D.
Institution: Department of Pediatrics, Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
Introduction: Graft versus Host Disease (GvHD) is a major complication of hematopoetic stem cell transplantation and causes
a high rate of non-relapse mortality. The most affected organs are skin, liver and gut. Recently, regenerating islet-derived
protein 3alpha (Reg3α) has been discovered as a serum biomarker for gastrointestinal (Gi-)GvHD, which is able to distinguish
between non-GvHD and GvHD enteritis.
The murine homolog of Reg3α is Reg3γ, a C-Type-Lectin, which is bactericidal against gram-positive bacteria. It is produced
by paneth cells and enterocytes. Paneth cells also produce a large variety of other bactericidal peptides such as alpha-defensins
and crypdins. Paneth cells reside in the crypts of Lieberkuehn in close proximity to Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein
coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) positive intestinal stem cells and provide their niche.
IL-22 is mainly produced by RORγt positive innate lymphocytes and is a potent inducer of Reg3γ in the gut.
The aim of this study is to investigate the role of Reg3γ and paneth cells in Gi-GvHD and finally to identify new treatment
strategies.
Materials and Methods: Either a radiated or an un-irradiated C57BL/6 to B6D2F1 bone marrow transplant mouse model was
used to induce GvHD. Serum samples and samples of the gut were collected at distinct time points and analyzed using ELISA,
qRT-PCR, H&E staining and immune histochemistry staining.
Results/ Conclusions: Reg3γ serum levels are increased in mice with GvHD, similar to what is observed in patients.
Surprisingly, Reg3γ mRNA expression in the ileum is decreased as well as cryptdin-1 mRNA levels. Paneth cell numbers are
also decreased.
These findings are true in unirradiated GvHD models. Thus these changes are at least partly related to the allogeneic reaction
and not only to irradiation. Further experiments will be done to clarify the role of IL-22 and its sources in Gi-GvHD. The
influence of Reg3 γ on the microbiome and its role in Gi-GvHD also needs further investigation.
Note: Matthias Höpting received funding for his BMEP time in the U.S. from DAAD.

MARIE CHRISTINE HUPE
Email: marie.ch.hupe@web.de
Home Institution:Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
Host Institution: University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Department of Urology,
Miami, FL
Research Mentors: Vinata B. Lokeshwar, Ph.D., Professor and Co-Director, Division of
Urology Research, Department of Urology, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Miami
Miller School of Medicine; PD Dr. med Axel Merseburger and Dr. med. Thomas Herrmann,
Department of Urology and Urologic Oncology, Hannover Medical School
Personal Reaction to the U.S. Experience:
I had a very warm welcome in Miami. Everybody was highly supportive! My research mentor, all my colleagues in the lab, the
landlord of my apartment, neighbors, and so on. Since I didn't have a car, they offered to drive me wherever I needed to go.
This was very helpful, especially at the beginning, because there was a lot to manage, such as finding a nice apartment and
applying for a Social Security number. They introduced me quickly to their friends and to other students. I felt very comfortable
right away. Almost every American could tell me about their half or quarter European background. It surprised me that lots of
them had been to Germany before and the majority had heard of Hannover. All in all, I experienced a lot of support and
courtesy. I made some very good friends and I am very happy that I had the chance to work and live here. I will fondly recall
my time in Florida with all its memorable moments.
Greatest Difficulties Encountered:
Fortunately, I didn’t have to face big problems. The beginning, with all its necessary procedures to “start life” here, was very
busy. I had to find an apartment, as I hadn’t done it from Germany, apply for a Social Security number, attend the sessions for
new employees, attend a health screening, provide everything for the tax documents, etc. But all of this was done within the
first weeks, and then I could start to enjoy my life in Miami, the weather and the beaches.
Most Humorous Incident:
I had many funny situations, but to name just two:
At the very beginning of my stay in Miami I was looking for the Apple store in a shopping mall because I was looking for the
new iPad. I asked someone for the location of the Apple store. The guy didn’t understand me, so I said, “iPad, iPod, iPhone”.
Still this guy didn’t understand me. I couldn’t believe that he didn’t know Apple. After a few seconds he said, “Ah, you mean
Apple and iPad, iPod, iPhone?” He pronounced it only slightly differently. He explained to me where to go. Somehow I
couldn’t find the store again, so I had to ask another person. Exactly the same thing happened to me. I just pronounced it a little
differently and the people didn’t know what I was talking about! This was not very encouraging at the beginning. J
Apparently, German must sound very angry to American people. Every time I spoke German, my friends here in Miami made
grim faces and joked, “Why was I yelling at my German friends?”
Does every American believe that David Hasselhoff is a famous singer in Germany???? Really?? I don’t know how often I had
to answer this question. I still have to sing “I’ve Been Looking for Freedom” at a karaoke bar because of a lost bet.
Helpful Hints for Future Students:
- Get certified translations of your ”Abitur” and “Physikum”. You might have to show them several times at the
beginning.
- Get a Deutsche Bank check card, so you can withdraw money without paying fees at any ATM of Bank of
America.
- Open a bank account in the U.S. (e.g. Wells Fargo in Miami). It will make things a lot easier for you.
- Get a driver’s license that you can use as your ID. It will ease things, too.
- Use the off-campus housing database of your university to find a place to stay.
- Share the WiFi network with one of your neighbors. You don’t have to set up your own account/ contract for
everything.
- Contact students that have been in the same lab or in the same city.

Abstract on Research Topic – Marie Christine Hupe
Title: Targeting HA-HAase system in urological tumors
Authors: Marie Ch. Hupe, Travis Yates and Vinata B. Lokeshwar, Ph.D.
Institution: Department of Urology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
Introduction: Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a nonsulfated glycosaminoglycan. It is a component of the extracellular matrix, where it
acts as a space-filling molecule and regulates cellular migration, adhesion and proliferation. It is synthesized by a family of HA
-synthases (HAS 1, 2, and 3). Hyaluronidases (HAases) degrade HA into smaller fragments, some of which have been shown to
be angiogenic. Cellular effects of HA are mediated through the HA receptors, CD44 and RHAMM. It has been shown that the
HA-HAase system promotes tumor growth, angiogenesis and metastasis.
Project 1: In vivo efficacy of 4-MU for the treatment of prostate cancer
4-Methylumbelliferone (4-MU) is a HA synthesis inhibitor that is orally bioavailable and non-toxic. 4-MU is available as a
health supplement in Europe and is consumed for improving liver health. We examined the antitumor activity of 4-MU in a
transgenic mouse prostate model (TRAMP – transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate). The TRAMP model goes
through six stages of prostate cancer development and progression: normal, hyperplasia, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia
(PIN), well-differentiated adenocarcinoma, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and metastasis. Cancer development in this
model is driven by the proto-oncogene SV40 that is expressed only in the prostate.
Materials and Methods: TRAMP positive mice were randomized into a vehicle group or a treatment group (n=12/group). The
vehicle group was gavaged daily with a 2% sucrose solution and the treatment group with 4-MU (450 mg/kg) dissolved in 2%
sucrose. Gavaging was started at 8 weeks of age (PIN stage). Depending upon the size of the tumor, as determined by
abdominal palpation, the mice were euthanized between 26 to 28 weeks of age.
Results: The prostate/tumor was >10 fold higher in the vehicle treated (VT) group (2.1g ± 3.1 g) than the 4-MU treated group
(0.14g ± 0.03 g). In fact, the weight prostate weight in the treatment group was no different from that in normal mice 28 weeks
of age. Consistent with the tumor weight, the mean weight of the VT mice was 2.3 g higher than that of the 4-MU treated mice.
The tumor in VT mice had visually invaded seminal vesicles, and their weight was higher in the VT group than the 4-MU
group. Histology of the prostate showed poorly differentiated tumors in all 12 control mice, with lack of any prostate glands.
The tumors were also highly vascularized. However, in all 4-MU treated specimens, tumor was not visible, and histology
resembled the PIN stage at which treatment started. Also, in 5 of the VT mice metastasis was visible in the lung, liver and
kidney but none was visible in the 4-MU treated mice. We next analyzed prostate tissues from the VT and 4-MU groups by
quantitative real time PCR for the markers: SV40, CD44, RHAMM, E-cadherin, β-catenin and ZEB2. Expression of SV40 in
the prostates of VT and treatment groups was the same: 4-MU not inhibiting the proto-oncogene that drives the carcinogenesis.
But the expression of CD44, RHAMM was downregulated in the 4-MU group. Furthermore, 4-MU increased expression of Ecadherin,
inhibiting metastasis. 4-MU lowered expression of β-catenin and ZEB2, both known to increase metastasis. Serum
and organ toxicity screening showed that all toxicity indicators were normal in the 4-MU group.
Conclusion: Our study shows that 4-MU is an orally bioavailable and effective antitumor agent which inhibits the development
and progression of prostate cancer in the highly aggressive TRAMP model.
Project 2: HAS3 and UGT1A9 as new prognostic markers for metastasis in kidney cancer
About 90% of all kidney tumors are renal cell carcinomas (RCC). Metastastic RCC is fatal, 2 years.
Materials and Methods: We examined matched normal and tumor specimens from 86 RCC patients. Of these, 17 had
metastasis and 69 were free of it at the time of data analysis (follow-up: 15.2 ± 8.8 months; median: 13.8 months). We analyzed
the expression of HAS3 and UGT1A9 by quantitative real time PCR. UGT1A9 is an UDP-glucuronyl transferase, but its role in
cancer is unknown.
Results: HAS3 and UGT1A9 expression was 3-4-fold elevated in RCC tissues from patients who either had or developed
metastasis when compared to those who did not. Marker efficacy analysis showed that the combined HAS3+UGT1A9 marker
had 92.3% sensitivity, 80.3% specificity and 81.6% accuracy to predict metastasis. The multivariate analysis using the Cox
model showed that the combined HAS3+UGT1A9 marker is an independent predictor of metastasis.
Conclusion: HAS3 and UGT1A9 are potentially accurate predictors for metastasis in RCC.
Note: Marie Christine Hupe received funding for her BMEP time in the U.S. from the DAAD.

CHRISTIAN JENG-SINGH
Email: cetchi@hotmail.de
Home Institution: Medizinische Hochschule Hannover
Host Institution: Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
Research Mentors: Andreas Beutler, M.D. & Josef Pleticha, M.D., Department of
Oncology and Anesthesiology.
Personal Reaction to the U.S. Experience: Rochester, MN is a very small town in the Midwest. Due to Mayo Clinic it has its
own International Airport where people from all over the world fly in to seek medical treatment. Minnesotans are very friendly,
down to earth and kind-hearted. If you have any problems they will try to help you. There is a shuttle connection to
Minneapolis, which goes back and forth on a hourly basis. So whenever you feel stuck here you can go up to the Twin Cities –
Minneapolis and Saint Paul. However, when you have some spare time, you should travel and see the beauty and diversity of
the U.S. Throughout the year I gained a lot of personal experience. The people I met were amazing! Mayo Clinic attracts
students and visiting scientists from all over the world, so you learn a lot about different cultures.
Greatest Difficulties Encountered:
Get the DSC-2019 as soon as possible... and arrange your visa by yourself!
Most Humorous Incident:
There were a lot of humorous incidents throughout the year. Can't think of anything in particular.
Helpful Hints for Future Students:
- Open a Bank account at Mayo Credit Union (Mayo has its own Bank). It is free of charge and you can keep the
account beyond the year.
- In the winter it gets really cold, -20° Celsius! So prepare yourself!
- Try to find a room in a shared house. It is easier for you to learn about American culture and meet new people.
- Take the written and driving test at the DMV office. It's really cheap and the license serves as an ID here.
- Craigslist, Mayo Classified Ads (for buying cars or looking for accommodation).

Abstract on Research Topic – Christian Jeng-Singh
Title: Gene therapy for chronic pain – targeting sensory neurons with rAAV
Author: Christian Jeng-Singh
Institution: Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN
Introduction: The recombinant Adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors are some of the most promising agents used for gene
delivery to the nervous system. A number of serotypes have been described, each of them showing a distinct transduction
pattern within the nervous tissue. IT-catheterization has been an established route of delivery for many years but it leads to a
wide distribution within sensory neurons, spinal cord, and brain.
Peripheral nerve injection, however, targets sensory neurons more specifically without wide distribution within the CNS and
thus constitutes one of the most safe and efficient approaches. Sala-Blanch X et al. Anesthesiology (2011) showed that there
was no clinical evidence of nerve damage detectable following ultrasound-guided intraneural injections in sciatic popliteal
block (SPB). So far, peripheral nerve injections with rAAV have a low transduction efficiency. Our goal is it to increase
transduction efficiency of sensory neurons in small and large animals and hence make this route of administration more
applicable. A low complication rate, fast recovery, and simplicity in performance capitalize the benefits of peripheral nerve
injection and make it a suitable candidate for potential clinical trials. Ultrasound-guided nerve blocks are readily performed in
the clinics. Based on these facts, we intend to optimize the needle design for peripheral nerve delivery of rAAV vector, and
compare transduction rates of novel rAAV serotypes within peripheral nerve, dorsal root ganglia, and spinal cord following
peripheral nerve injection.
Materials and Methods:
• Agarose gel injection to evaluate needle design and infusion rate and volume (convection enhanced delivery).
• Male Sprague-Dawley rats and Domestic Pigs were injected with rAAV into peripheral nerves.
• Fluorescence Microscopy (LSM) has been used to detect native eGFP. Immunohistochemistry staining for eGFP,
qPCR
• Von Frey Testing( Behavior Testing), Neutralizing Antibody Immunoassay,
Results/ Conclusions:
Research is still going on for the next couple of month. Based on preliminary data, we can report that new serotypes were found
which are able to be retrograde transported and transduce sensory neurons. Currently we are trying to enhance transduction
efficiency and hence make this route of administration more attractive.
Note: Christian Jeng-Singh received funding for his BMEP time in the U.S. from the Mayo Foundation and DAAD.

JUDITH KASPER
Email: judith.kasper@rwth-aachen.de
Home Institution: RWTH Rheinisch-Westfälisch-Technische Hochschule Aachen
Host Institution: USACH – Universidad de Santiago de Chile
Personal Reaction to the Chile Experience:
It was in every way, professionally and personally, a very enriching and memorable experience. I would gladly recommend this
exchange to everyone who is interested in internal medicine, knows Spanish and is open to getting to know another culture and
country so full of interesting history, beautiful landscapes and most of all friendly and hospitable people.
Greatest Difficulties Encountered:
Bureaucracy and slow communication, both with the University and the embassy/local civil and foreign affairs registration
offices, made it a real challenge to get the student visa and various registrations in time, even though I started the application
process one year before the exchange.
Most Humorous Incident:
A cultural city tour with two good friends and colleagues, both medical students and Global Health activists. We wandered
through a great hall of antiques and found German novels from the last two centuries that proved the connection between our
two countries far back but still felt so out of place to me in this Latin American ambience. Then we had traditional food (Pastel
de Choclo) until our stomachs ached, and afterwards hung out in a city park full of different people to relax and talk about our
plans for the future. In the end we adventurously climbed a hidden pathway to the roof top of one of the public hospitals to
watch the city of Santiago de Chile and the sun set from up above.
Helpful Hints for Future Students:
Improve your language skills, especially clinical vocabulary, before taking off to Chile. Ask friends or colleagues to accompany
you to the registration offices, particularly if your Spanish is not yet that fluent. If you like hiking or rock climbing, Chile is the
perfect country for it – bring along your equipment! Last but not least, consider bringing along your bike or buy one once you
are there. More and more biking lanes are opening in Santiago and it’s a nice alternative to public transport or car.

Abstract on Practical Work Experience – Judith Kasper
Title: Four months of final year internship (internal medicine) in a public university hospital in Santiago de Chile
Author(s): Judith Kasper, M.Sc. Global Health
Institution: Medicina Interna, Hospital San José, Universidad de Santiago (USACH)
General information: In Chile, medical studies comprise seven years in total, of which the last two are spent as interns in
pediatrics, internal medicine, gynecology, surgery and rural medicine. Nurses undertake five years of university studies. In
internal medicine at the Hospital San José, they are in charge of managing the wards which, with the exception of the
cardiovascular ICU, comprise patients and doctors from different subspecialties. Interns and residents are assigned to a
specialist and his/her patients. Technical equipment, laboratory tests and examination procedures are more accessible than in
e.g. Bolivian or Peruvian public hospitals, but still limited logistically and restricted in numbers. Special procedures and
therapeutic options, such as cardiovascular surgery or chemotherapy, have to be undertaken at other, partly private, facilities.
There is only a certain amount of procedures “credit” each month. This often results in significant delay of urgently needed
treatments. Coronary heart disease patients with imperative indication for operation, who only have public health insurance,
regularly wait one to three months to be referred for bypass surgery to one of Santiago´s private hospitals.
Clinical work: Within internal medicine, students rotate every two to three weeks from one subspecialty (gastroenterology,
cardiology, pneumology, nephrology, neurology, basic health care and cardiovascular ICU) to the next. Approximately three
patients are assigned to each intern, to be fully examined twice a day and managed in terms of diagnosis and treatment.
Specialists expect interns to present patients each morning during rounds. Where possible, diagnosis, symptom development
and a treatment plan have to be presented and defended. After lunch, students, residents and one specialist on shift are left to
take care of patient treatment, exams, consultations and admissions from the emergency care unit. The other specialists then
leave the hospital to see patients at their private practices or other private health institutions.
Conclusions: Four months of internship were a good time to adapt to a different health system and the organizational structures
of the hospital. After two weeks I started to take on responsibilities like my Chilean fellow students. Without the language skills
I had acquired beforehand, this would not have been possible. While the scarcity of resources and delay in necessary tests or
treatments often really made me appreciate our German public health care system, the fact that I was responsible for and in
charge of my own patients allowed a different way of learning and helped put already acquired knowledge to practice.
Global Health in Santiago de Chile
While in Santiago, I used the time to contact fellow students of the Chilean ifmsa section who are engaged in Global Health
teaching and conferences (1° Congreso de Salud y Pobreza, October 2011, Santiago de Chile). We exchanged experiences and
ideas on the matter and, although our educational and social systems differ a lot, did find many parallel problems, for instance
the lack of Global Health Education in all health professions. At the same time, we agreed that in Chile, even more
impressively than in Germany, everyday reality at public health institutions proves the importance and relevance of global
public health topics, for example the social determinants of health; see also http://www.who.int/social_determinants/en/. Global
Health courses in Santiago are presently made available by a small group of engaged specialists, residents and students at the
Universidad de Chile and the Universidad Católica de Chile. At the last institution, I had the chance to visit one of the current
interdisciplinary teaching projects called “Viviendas Saludables” (healthy living). The course takes undergraduate students
from architecture and medicine to a poor district of the city, where a cooperating NGO (Non-Governmental-Organization) has
already succeeded in establishing a network with the neighborhood associations. The project mainly helps students to get to
know the reality of families living in this area. Students are to analyze the area with the help of maps and the images they gain
during weekly visits, from both an architectural and a medical point of view. The main goal, however, is not to come up with a
perfect rebuilding plan, but to learn to listen to people’s own ideas and wishes. Then, based on the ideas of the local inhabitants,
plans for improvement should be made. Though the course outline might sound ambitious and a bit idealistic, I am convinced
that it is doing a great job in bringing together a divided society. I think it is a start to make future professionals think beyond
the boundaries of their discipline, and work with others on the base of mutual respect and tolerance.
Note: Judith Kasper received funding for her BMEP time in Chile 2011/12 from IALS/B.Braun Melsungen-Foundation.

JANA KLUKAS
Email: janaklukas@web.de
Home Institution: Medizinische Hochschule Hannover
Host Institution: Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
Research Mentor: Andreas S. Beutler, M.D.
Personal Reaction to the U.S. Experience: Rochester, Minnesota is a small and quiet Midwestern town, which basically
consists of Mayo Clinic, because almost everyone you meet here either works at Mayo Clinic or is a patient there.
As a newcomer you will be integrated instantly into the Mayo Community and they will make you feel privileged for being part
of something big and successful, where every goal is reachable by using the most recent techniques and innovations. Trying to
set up my own project in the lab I learned a lot of different techniques, as well as how to solve problems autonomously, come
up with my own ideas and realize them.
What makes Mayo a very productive and inspiring work environment is that you are getting in touch with a lot of interesting
people and cultures from all over the world, who are eager to work together and help each other. Hence I made some very good
friends of different nationalities and backgrounds.
Because in spring people already started to warn me of Minnesota's cold winters, I did not expect the summer in Rochester to
be so sunny and warm. Perfect for bike tours and spending your free time at one of the surrounding lakes! Sometimes I got the
feeling that I had to escape small town life. Therefore I spent some weekends in Minneapolis and Chicago. Most exciting was
my couchsurfing trip through California, where I surfed not only my hosts’ couches, but also the Pacific Ocean, which was a lot
of fun.
Greatest Difficulties Encountered: Because most of the time experiments do not work out on the first try, I had to increase
my frustration tolerance. I am not a patient person.
Living in the US without a car and trying to go grocery shopping etc. with your bike. Watch out if you get directions from
google maps to find a restaurant or a store: you might end up on a highway without a trail for pedestrians or bikes. Anyway, as
a cyclist you are a rare species on Rochester's streets.
Most Humorous Incident: I knew that a lot of Americans are not big fans of fresh fruits and vegetables, but when the guy at
the checkout counter of the grocery store looked very confused and helpless at my mangoes and then asked me if they were
apples, I could not help laughing.
Helpful Hints For Future Students: Try the Salty Caramel ice cream at Flappdoodles Homemade Ice Cream! Work hard to
save some free time to travel through the US.

Abstract on Research Topic – Jana Klukas
Topic: Epigenetic Profiling of Pain and Analgesic Drug Activity
Author: Jana Klukas
Institution: Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA
Introduction: Chronic pain is among the most frequent medical problems affecting 50 million patients and incurring costs
of > $100 billion/year in the US alone. Peripheral nervous system (PNS) dysfunction is known to contribute to chronic
pain but the inciting molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Treating chronic pain is challenging because the origin is
frequently not clear and a satisfying reduction of pain level cannot be achieved with current treatment methods.
Recently, the host laboratory demonstrated widespread gene expression changes in the PNS in chronic pain with concomitant
alterations in DNA methylation. The hypothesis underlying my research is that transcriptomic reprogramming is due to
epigenetic alterations, specifically DNA methylation or hydroxymethylation.
A number of current studies found a variety of small molecules capable of inhibiting the main enzyme initiators of those
epigenomic changes. Therefore we intend to:
1/ Investigate whether these inhibitors are capable of alleviating or preventing the transcriptomic reprogramming;
2/ Assess their analgesic effects in the Spinal Nerve Ligation chronic pain model in rodents and thus their potential as drugs for
transcription therapy.
Materials and Methods: The drug used in our study is RG108, a non-nucleoside DNA-methyltransferase inhibitor. We
administered RG108 to Brown Norway rats via an intrathecal catheter. The Brown Norway rats then underwent spinal nerve
ligation. It consists of tying the L5 nerve close to the dorsal root ganglion and then cutting the nerve distal to the ligature.
Subsequently we assessed the development of allodynia by behavioral testing touching the rat's hind paw with filaments of
different stiffness. The L4 and L5 dorsal root ganglions were harvested at different time points. DNA and RNA were extracted
and methylation and gene expression analysis performed by sequencing technologies.
Results/Conclusions: The work performed by Jana Klukas will not be completed for several more months, so no conclusions
can be drawn at the time of writing.
Note: Jana Klukas received funding for her BMEP time in the U.S. from the Mayo Foundation and DAAD.

MIKHAIL LISKOVYKH
Email: liskovykh@mail.ru or michael_liskovykh@hotmail.com
Home Institution:
Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
Host Institution:
Lab. Molecular Biology of Peptide Hormones, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular
Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany
Research Mentors:
Natalia Alenina, Ph.D. & Professor Michael Bader, M.D.
Personal Reaction to the German Experience:
Work and life are highly organized in German laboratories, even in the kitchen. There is free access to all facilities 24 hrs per
day, and a very good atmosphere for non-stop work. Also, it was surprising to me that technicians start very early (6.00-7.00
a.m.).
Greatest Difficulties Encountered:
There were no difficulties during my staying at MDC.
Most Humorous Incident:
One of my colleagues said that the best results were derived from a dish forgotten in the incubator for several weeks. J
In one visit to S2-lab, a friend introduced me to his colleague this way: “This is a strange guy from Russia. He comes here from
time to time, and works with cells, but nobody knows what he’s doing.”
Helpful Hints for Future Students:
I would strongly recommend paying attention to the safety instructions in the laboratory and on the waste sorting system…
Dr. Sturm & Professors Burchardt and Stolte, Students’ conference

Abstract on Research – Mikhail Liskovykh, Ph.D. Student, Institute of Cytology Ras, St.
Petersburg, Russia
Titles: Gene Targeting in Rat iPS Cells and Application of Embryonic Stem Cells for Therapeutic Strategies
Author: Mikhail Liskovykh
Institution: Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Peptides Hormones, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC),
Berlin-Bch, Germany
Project I. Gene Targeting in Rat iPS Cells
The rat is important and superior to the mouse for studying diseases. However, the technology for loss-of-gene-function studies
using rat embryonic stem (ES) cells is not yet well established. Therefore rat induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells may provide a
notable alternative to ES cells, allowing gene functions in this valuable animal model to be studied. During previous work I
generated several rat iPS cell lines [1]. The aim of the current project was to evaluate if these cells are permissive for the
homologous recombination and thus suitable for the gene targeting and generation of knockout rat.
For the first gene targeting experiment we chose the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) gene, due to the
existence of a well established system for selecting HPRT-deficient cells [2]. To this end 7x10 6 cell of 2 riPS clones (H5 and
G3, [1]) were electroporated with 30 µg of linearised HPRT-targeting vector. This vector contains a Neo neomycin–resistance
gene (Neo) that results in G418-resistance of transfected cells. Moreover, deficiency in HPRT gene makes cells resistant to 6thioguanine
(6-TG). This molecule cannot be metabolized in HPRT-deficient cells and, therefore, does not exhibit its toxic
effect. After electroporation cells were split on 4x10cm cell culture dishes and selected on G418 or 6-TG-containing media for
2 weeks. Then, clones were picked individually, amplified and analyzed by genomic-PCR analysis. I analyzed 340 clones after
G418 and 24 clones after 6-TG selection (Fig. 1 [364 clones in total]). Unfortunately, all 364 analyzed clones had unaltered
HPRT gene structure, without homologous recombination (Fig. 2). Surprisingly, these cells survived in media, containing 6-
TG. Obviously, the HPRT gene function was invalidated in these clones, but not as a result of homologous recombination.
Project II. Application of Embryonic Stem Cells for Therapeutic Strategies
Since the 1980s, ES cells have been studied and discussed as a remedy for fatal diseases and a route to eternal life, but their
therapeutic use is problematic. One core problem is tumorigenic potential. To overcome this, we previously generated a
transgenic cassette p2A2Btk-TKiresPuro [1]. It can be stably delivered to the genome of ES and iPS cells and is able to drive
expression of TKiresPuro transgene exclusively in pluripotent cells, due to the specificity of 2A2Btk enhancer/promoter
moiety. The cassette TKiresPuro allows both positive (due to the puromycin resistance gene, Puro) and negative (due to the
herpes virus thymidine kinase [TK] gene, making cells sensitive to ganciclovir selection. Thus, we can solve the tumorigenicity
problem by eliminating residual (potentially tumorigenic) pluripotent cells in vitro or in vivo. Such residual pluripotent cells are
present in cell culture even after long-term differentiation protocols. This suicidal approach may facilitate therapeutic cell use.
The aim of this project was to combine this strategy with treatment of pancreatic dysfunction, a cause of diabetes mellitus
affecting a huge population nowadays. The overall strategy which we are currently developing includes 3 steps:
• Differentiation of mouse ES cells into pancreatic precursor cells.
• Engrafting of predifferentiated cells into the pancreas of diabetic mice, with further treatment of experimental animals
with (-)indolactam V-substance, promoting differentiation of pancreatic precursor cells to functional beta-cells.
• Treatment of animals with gancilovir to eliminate undifferentiated, potentially tumorogenic cells.
During the reported period I could set up the conditions for in vitro differentiation of ES cells into definitive endoderm. The
starting protocol was a method described by Melton’s lab [3]. Investigation of 4 different culture conditions revealed that
cultivation of ES cells for 6 days in Advanced-RPMI medium containing 0,5mg/ml BSA, 100 U/ml penicillin, 100 mg/ml
streptomycin, 2 mM L-glutamine, 100ng/ml ActivinA, when additional 4 days cultivation in Advanced-RPMI medium
containing 1x B27 supplement, 100 U/ml penicillin, 100 mg/ml streptomycin, 2 mM L-glutamine, 330nM (-)indolactam V
induces expression of key transcription factors, involved in early steps of pancreatic differentiation. Precursor cells, obtained
under condition N3 were transplanted into the pancreas of nude mice treated with streptozocin (inducing damage of pancreatic
beta-cells). Treatment with indolactam V and ganciclovir is ongoing. To monitor progression of diabetes blood glucose levels,
animals are measured every 3 days. After the experiment they will be examined for presence of tumors and improvement of
metabolic parameters. Homing of engrafted cells into pancreas will be examined by PCR and by histological methods. I believe
this combination of suicidal strategy and in vivo differentiation will have a great potential for later clinical application.
Note: Mikhail Liskovykh was supported by IALS/B.Braun Melsungen-Foundation

KURT MICHAEL REICHERMEIER
Email: kurt-reichermeier@gmx.de
Home Institution:
Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen
Host Institution:
California Institute of Technology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Pasadena, CA
Research Mentors:
Raymond J. Deshaies, PhD, Professor of Biology; Willem den Besten, PhD
Personal Reaction to the U.S. Experience:
First, I was overwhelmed by how much space this country has for streets, freeways and buildings. Everything just seems
bigger, taller and further away. In this highly consumer-oriented country you find unbelievably friendly service everywhere, as
well as the weirdest commercials on the planet. Most of the time you encounter a big smile and a friendly greeting, and it’s up
to you to distinguish between superficiality and honesty.
As a sports fan, I felt like I was in paradise and I immediately picked up a new one, surfing! California is a melting pot of
different ethnicities and cultures which offers a broad range of social and culinary interactions. Overall, the United States offers
you many possibilities to develop your own ideas and is a place where effort will be honestly rewarded. If you can get along
with the different attitudes and mind-sets, it is a great place to live, to do a residency, or a Ph.D.
Greatest Difficulties Encountered:
Getting the documents for the visa together was certainly the greatest pain in the neck. Starting early and being persistent as
well as autonomous pays off!
Most Humorous Incident:
Best of: 1) Mistaking a dolphin for a shark during my first time surfing.
2) A PI almost calling an emergency because one of my kind colleagues dropped an entire bottle of BME.
3) Falling asleep after a night with the Pasadena Crew and missing the flight to NYC the next morning.
Helpful Hints for Future Students:
Be motivated for an academic year, work hard, and have fun! Being ambitious and dedicated will be rewarded, and your PI will
be fine with a few days for traveling or more!

Abstract on Research Topic – Kurt Michael Reichermeier
Title: The Role of the p97-ATPase and Its Adapter Protein UBXD7 in Ubiquitylation and Proteolysis of HIF-1a
Author: Kurt Michael Reichermeier
Institution: Deshaies Lab, Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA
Introduction:
The turnover of proteins is one of the main regulatory mechanisms in cellular organisms and is involved in almost all cellular
processes. The major mechanism to specifically degrade proteins is the Ubiquitin-Proteasome-System (UPS). In order to be
degraded by the UPS, proteins must be conjugated to the protein ubiquitin. Once poly-ubiquitylated, these proteins are
recognized by the 26S proteasome, which facilitates degradation by hydrolysis of ATP. The process of ubiquitylation is carried
out through a three-step reaction by an ubiquitin-activating enzyme (E1), a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2) and a ubiquitin
ligase (E3). Substrate specificity is determined primarily by the E3. The AAA-ATPase p97, widely considered as ubiquitinspecific
chaperone or segregase, is required for proper ubiquitylation and degradation of particular substrates. The cullin2-
RING-E3-ligase complex targets the Hypoxia-Inducible-Factor-1-alpha (HIF-1α) for ubiquitylation and mediates its
proteasomal degradation. The p97 adapter protein UBXD7 specifically binds the active form of cullin-RING-ligases (CRLs)
and therefore connects the p97-pathway to CRLs. To further investigate the role of p97 and its adapter protein UBXD7 in
ubiquitylation and proteolysis we studied the turnover of HIF-1α in vivo.
Materials and Methods:
We used human cell lines stably transfected with inducible shRNAs and stabilized HIF-1α by treatment of different chemical
reagents. To study the HIF-1α turnover in vivo we developed a cycloheximide time course assay to follow HIF-1α
ubiquitylation and degradation.
Results and Conclusions:
UBXD7 and p97 deficient cells show faster HIF-1α degradation and altered HIF-1α ubiquitylation. Taken together our results
imply that UBXD7 and p97 are necessary for either CRL regulation or proper substrate ubiquitylation or both.
Note: Kurt Michael Reichermeier received funding for his BMEP time in the U.S. from DAAD.
Professor Rich, Chairman IALS Board, and Professor Hyun, Associate Provost, UMass Boston

ROBERT RUEMMLER
Email: robbiruemmler@web.de
Home Institution: Institut fuer molekulare Kardiologie, Johannes Gutenberg
Universitaet, Mainz
Host Institution: Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
Research Mentors: Peter A. Ward, M.D. (principal investigator); Markus Bosmann,
M.D. (supervisor, post-doc)
Personal Reaction to the U.S. Experience:
This basically being my first time in the U.S., it has been a great experience. The different way of working (and budgeting)
compared to Germany made it possible for me to work more independently and on a higher scientific level. Seeing the
differences and similarities in society and culture on my own and for a longer period of time was totally worth it.
Greatest Difficulties Encountered:
Although Germans have the advantage of getting their driver’s licenses without any kind of test, buying, registering, and
maintaining your own car can get extremely annoying and expensive. Be aware of insurance requirements, etc., and figure out
if you really need your own ride before you decide to go for it.
Most Humorous Incident:
Way too many. Every stereotype holds a grain of truth, as I found out one right at the beginning of my stay: When I was
signing my apartment lease, my landlord asked me where exactly I was from. After I told him ‘near Frankfurt’ he first tried to
pin Prince William’s royal wedding on Germany, and then, after I had told him that they are British, asked me how far away
that was and if we spoke with the same accent!
Helpful Hints for Future Students:
Take the time to look for an apartment, especially if you’re moving to smaller student cities. Look on craigslist, go through the
torture of Skype interviews, and move in with a bunch of other people. There’s just no better way to find contact. People are
more open than in Germany, but often on a more superficial level, so it might be harder to actually make friends at work.
Enjoy!

Abstract on Research Topic – Robert Ruemmler
Title: Extracellular Histones promote Complement-induced Acute Lung Injury
Authors: Robert Ruemmler, Markus Bosmann, Norman F. Russkamp, Bethany B. Moore, Marc Monestier, Firas S. Zetoune, J.
Vidya Sarma, Peter A. Ward
Institution: Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
Introduction:
Acute lung injury (ALI/ARDS) is a major perpetrator or morbidity and confronting clinicians with non-availability of specific
treatments. We investigated the implications of the complement activation fragment C5a by establishing a model of C5ainduced
ALI in mice. Lung injury in C5a-ALI was dependent on PMNs, Akt-MEK1/2 signaling and required both C5a
receptors, C5aR and C5L2. Furthermore, C5a-ALI was accompanied by the generation of extracellular histones. Neutralization
of histone H4 with antibodies reduced the severity of alveolar permeability disturbances and silenced the production of
inflammatory mediators. Treatment of lung epithelial cells with purified histones provoked rapid cell death. Administration of
histones to the airways of rodents severely compromised inter-alveolar gas exchange, respiratory functions, alveolar
permeability and initiated an inflammatory response including pulmonary consolidation visualized by MRI. These studies
describe histones as novel mediators of complement induced tissue injury. Neutralization of extracellular histones may emerge
as a beneficial treatment during ALI.
Materials and Methods:
The main method used for this project was the in vivo ALI model in mice and rats. Briefly described, animals were
anesthetized with a ketamine/xylozine solution. Afterwards a vertical midline incision right on top of the thyroid gland was
made. The gland lobes were severed and the trachea was laid bare. The substances to trigger immune response (C5a, Histones,
LPS) were injected directly into the trachea. After 8 hours the animals were euthanized and the lungs were flushed with PBS.
Those bronchoalveolar lavages (BALs) were collected and used for neutrophil counting and determining albumin leakage via
ELISA. Histone concentrations were assessed with Western Blots. Further methods were cell survival studies with murine lung
epithelial cells after incubation with histones. LDH release was determined after incubating the cells for 1 hour.
Results/ Conclusions:
Our results indicate that extracellular histones are a crucial component of complement-mediated inflammatory processes. We
were able to detect largely increased concentrations of extracellular histones after C5a ALI. Furthermore, the application of
histones into the airway lead to severe respiratory distress and gas exchange impairment. Cell culture studies showed that
histones are highly cytotoxic and caused immediate cell death. C5a receptor deficient mice were partly protected from the in
vivo effects. Additionally, treatment with neutralizing histone antibodies had protective effects as well. We conclude that
extracellular histones might be a valuable target for the treatment of ARDS and sepsis in the future.
Note: Robert Ruemmler received funding for his BMEP time in the U.S. from the Boehringer Ingelheim Fond.

CHRISTIAN SCHMIDT-LAUBER
Email:
Christian.schmidt-lauber@uni-muenster.de
Home Institution:
Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
Host Institution:
Division of Rheumatology, University of Massachusetts Medical School
Worcester, MA
Research Mentor:
Ann Marshak-Rothstein, Ph.D., Professor of Medicine
Personal Reaction to the U.S. Experience:
I had an amazing time during my BMEP stay. Personally and scientifically I have had great experiences and probably never
learned as much within such a short time. For a long time it had been a dream of mine to spend a certain time of my studies in
the U.S., not only because of its outstanding academic opportunities and reputation, but also because of its cultural diversity.
Today I can say that I found both during my BMEP time. I made good friends and definitely enjoyed the presence of people
from so many countries and cultures. Also, I am very happy to have had the opportunity to take part in the research, as well as
clinical teaching, at UMass. The opportunities in both fields highly impressed me.
Greatest Difficulties Encountered:
Getting around! Concerning the living expenses it is certainly a plus not to live in one of the big American cities. However,
getting around is more difficult. Be prepared that you might have to get a car.
Before starting to work with animals you have to complete a lot of forms and tests, so that it may take a while before you are all
set to start. Take that time to get settled down, travel around, gain some clinical experience or start in vitro experiments.
Most Humorous Incident:
There were a lot of funny incidents but having an all-American Thanksgiving with a friend’s family was definitely the best one.
Helpful Hints for Future Students:
• Be careful when looking for a room/car or whatever on craigslist!
• Asking the people around you is always the easiest way to get information. Thus: ask, ask, ask!
• If planning to buy a car, requesting a driving record from the “Kraftfahrt Bundesamt” before your departure from
Germany can lower your insurance fees.
• Get an American debit card (usually without any fees) and cell phone.

Abstract of one Research Topic – Christian Schmidt-Lauber
Title: Gadolinium and Gadolinium based contrast agents activate the Nalp3 inflammasome
Authors: C. Schmidt-Lauber 1 , L. Bossaller 1 , H. Abujudeh 2 , E. Gravallese 1 , J. Kay 1 , and A. Marshak-Rothstein 1
1 Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, Worcester, MA
2 Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
Introduction:
Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) is a rare but crucial fibrosing disorder that develops in renal insufficient patients after
exposure to Gadolinium based MRI contrast agents (GBCA). NSF generally presents with dermal hyperpigmentation,
induration and fibrosis accompanied by joint contractures but can also affect other organs. The mortality is significantly
increased in NSF patients. To date, the mechanism of GBCA-induced fibrosis is incompletely understood. However, it is
believed that Gadolinium may precipitate to exert fibrotic effects. Other metals and crystals are already known to activate
inflammasomes. This study aims to elucidate the effects of Gadolinium on different types of macrophages.
Materials and Methods:
Bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDM) were isolated from B6, Asc -/- and Nalp3 -/- mice. If indicated BMDM were
primed to M1 and M2 macrophages with IFNg or IL4, respectively. After subsequent priming with LPS cells were stimulated
with different Gadolinium (Gd) containing agents and IL1 beta secretion and cleavage as well as Caspase1 activation were
detected by ELISA and WB. Additionally, Gd-DTPA was injected i.p. in B6 and Asc -/- mice and FACS analysis of the
peritoneal washout was performed.
Results:
Omniscan, Gd-DTPA as well as Gd-Cl induce a Nalp3 and Asc dependent Caspase1 and IL1 beta activation in isolated primary
BMDM. For all three compounds this effect was concentration dependent. The same effects were seen when BMDM were
differentiated to M2 macrophages but not in M1 macrophages. A reduction of IL1 beta cleavage in M1 macrophages was also
seen for other inflammasome activators. I.p. injection of Gd-DTPA led to an influx of granulocytes and inflammatory
monocytes that was not seen in Asc -/- mice. These results show that Gadolinium containing agents activate the Nalp3
inflammasome and might help to further elucidate the pathogenesis of NSF.
Acknowledgments: The help of Vijay Rathinam and Peter Düwell is highly acknowledged.
Christian Schmidt-Lauber received funding for his BMEP time in the U.S. from DAAD.
Faculty members, Students’ conference, Boston 2012

LINDA SCHROEDER
E-Mail: lima.schroeder@yahoo.de
Home Institution: RWTH Aachen
Host Institutions:
Maastricht University, Maastricht, NL
Manipal University in Manipal, India
Personal Reactions:
Since I did a master's program in the Netherlands my experiences will differ from those of the other participants. The master's
program in Global Health is a one-year program in English, linking health and healthcare with economic development, politics
and the socio-cultural environment. The desire to understand health problems in a global context and to learn about strategies in
order to tackle them made me participate in this program in addition to my medical education. Working with fellow students
from different countries and various educational backgrounds, I saw medical issues from a different point of view. A special
learning experience was the online sharing of courses and seminars with students from partner universities in India and Canada.
With a group of students from Manipal University in India we worked online on the same assignment, but since we had never
met each other personally this was a special challenge. In the second semester we got the opportunity to choose an elective
track at one of our partner universities. I decided to take the track “Global Health in Developing Countries” in India because I
was curious to live and study in that country, with its different culture and way of living, and to learn about its healthcare
system which is so different from the one I knew. Here I finally met the fellow students I had worked with online during the
last four months. In India I attended classes about the Indian health system and the health challenges this country is facing. The
most interesting part, however, was the field work. I had the chance to go to several primary health centers, the rural healthcare
facilities providing the basic units of India´s health care. In contrast to that, I got to know the Kasturba Hospital in Manipal,
which ranks among the best hospitals in the country. During the Pulse Polio Day I experienced how a vaccination campaign
across the whole country works. Taking part in this program was a very rich experience and will accompany and support me in
my future work as a doctor.
Greatest Difficulties Encountered:
The structure and organization I experienced in the Netherlands were similar to my education in Germany and due to the fact
that the classes were in English I did not have too many difficulties during my time in Maastricht. This was different in India.
Here I sometimes got a phone call saying that the schedule was changing and the lecture was starting in a few minutes.
Most Humorous Incident:
For foreigners it is always difficult to understand what an Indian means when he shakes his head. You really must be able to
differ very exactly whether it means “yes” or “no”. Otherwise this leads to funny misunderstandings. My Indian friends could
not really understand my confusion.

Abstract on Research Topic – Linda Schroeder
Title: Mental health and social networks of older persons in Karnataka, India
Author: Linda Schroeder, M.Sc. Global Health
Institution: Department of Public Health, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
Introduction:
Aging of the population is a global phenomenon that is both inevitable and predictable. It will change society at many levels
and in complex ways. Due to the immense impact the aging of the population will have globally, the WHO selected aging and
health as the topic of the World Health Day in 2012. India´s aging population is growing fast. Due to declining birth, death and
infant mortality rates coupled with an increase in life expectancy, the number of persons older than 60 years in the population is
expected to increase. Traditionally, people in India live in joint families, a family structure including multiple generations, so
that older persons continue to live in their own homes embedded in the social structures of the family, the neighborhood and the
community, which provides various opportunities for companionship and social life. But rapid urbanization and societal
modernization have brought a change in family values and the framework of family support, leading to increasing numbers of
older persons living in old people’s homes. Living away from the family and a familiar community might influence the mental
health of the elderly.
Materials and Methods:
The study aims to examine the mental health status of the older persons in relation to their social networks. Therefore two
groups were composed and older persons living either in an old people’s home or in the community were interviewed. A
pretested questionnaire was designed to gather information about the socioeconomic background, the social support the elderly
perceive and their emotional health. The collected data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences.
Comparing the results from both groups will provide information about the mental health status of the individuals and the social
support the older persons perceive.
Results/Conclusions:
The aging of the population is a global phenomenon that is now occurring much faster in low and middle-income countries.
One example is India, with its changing demographic and social structures leading to a growing number of older persons living
alone. As the majority of them had never conceived that they would be spending their autumn years away from their family, the
full implications of this change have yet to be played out. Facing this urgent issue the government of India, as well as nongovernmental
organizations, are developing strategies to deal with the complex issue of the aging population, which is expected
to more than double to 173 million during the next two decades.
Note:
Linda Schroeder received funding for her BMEP time in Maastricht in 2011/2012 by IALS/B.Braun Melsungen-Foundation..

ANNA SIEBEN
Email: a.sieben1@gmx.de
Home Institution: Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen
Host Institution: University of California, Los Angeles, CA
Research Mentor: Baljit S. Khakh PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Physiology,
UCLA
Personal Reaction to the U.S. Experience:
When I arrived in the U.S. after a 24-hour trip, I was completely overwhelmed by all the new impressions. It was full of colors,
lights and advertisement signs. The highway had six lanes and everything was much bigger than in Germany (even the
butterflies). The people in my lab gave me a warm welcome, and I really enjoyed working in this multicultural and nice
atmosphere. With the help, patience, and support of my new colleagues I easily found access to my research project. I am really
grateful to have had the chance to experience research in the U.S. In my dorm I met a lot of young people from all over the
world. It was great to learn about their lives and cultures, and for all their differences to find a lot of things we have in common.
Greatest Difficulties Encountered:
Not having a car in Los Angeles, I was severely restricted in getting around. Public transportation is really bad and at times I
had to wait one hour for the next bus. In addition, it was hard for me to get used to the production of these big amounts of
garbage. Everywhere I ate I got my food and drinks on plastic plates and in plastic cups.
Most Humorous Incident:
The most humorous incidents happened when my roommates (both native speakers) and I were having conversations.
Sometimes there were really funny misunderstandings when I tried to pronounce a word in English and both of them
understood something completely different because of my German accent.
Helpful Hints for Future Students:
ñ Try to find accommodation in a dorm or shared apartment to get directly into contact with people outside the lab.
ñ You should load Skype onto your computer J
Faculty members, Students’ conference, Boston 2012

Abstract on Research Topic – Anna Sieben
Title: TRPA1 channel mediated spotty calcium signals in astrocytes: impact of oxidative stress and store depletion
Authors: Anna Sieben, Baljit S. Khakh, Ph.D.
Institution: Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
Introduction:
Astrocytes are the predominant glial cell type within the central nervous system. It has been shown that they can modulate
neuronal transmission and activity by the release of “gliotransmitters” which are neuroactive molecules released due to a
change in astrocytic calcium concentration ([Ca 2+ ]i). Thus, the elevation of [Ca 2+ ]i is widely considered a form of glial
excitability (Agulhon et al., 2008). Recently, it has been shown that Ca 2+ fluxes through TRPA1 channels, a member of the
transient receptor potential (TRP) channel family, significantly contribute to astrocyte resting Ca 2+ levels. These TRPA1mediated
Ca 2+ fluxes are highly localized near the plasma membrane and are of “spotty” microdomain nature (Shigetomi et al.,
2011) .
The aim of this work was to find out more about the nature of these spotty calcium signals. Therefore, we focused on the
activation mechanism of TRPA1 channels in astrocytes. We tested the impact of depletion of intracellular calcium stores and of
the induction of oxidative stress on the activation of TRPA1 channels.
Materials and Methods:
We used hippocampal astrocyte-neuron co-cultures from one day old rat pups and conducted epifluorescence microscopy, using
approaches to measure both global and near-membrane Ca 2+ signals. To report near plasma membrane Ca 2+ signals, astrocytes
were transfected with the genetically encoded calcium indicator Lck-GCaMP5 which is tethered to the membrane by the Nterminal
domain of Lck, a Src tyrosine kinase (Shigetomi et al., 2010). To measure changes in the global [Ca 2+ ], astrocytes
were loaded with the organic calcium indicator dye Fluo-4/AM. We used a standard store depletion protocol employing 10 µM
cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), a specific inhibitor of Ca 2+ -ATPase, to test the effect of store depletion on the activation of TRPA1.
By applying 1 mM hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to astrocytes we induced oxidative stress and therefore could test its impact on
TRPA1 activation.
Results/ Conclusions:
We found that store depletion induced an increase in both spotty signals or global [Ca 2+ ]. After application of hydrogen
peroxide we detected an increase in the number of spotty Ca 2+ signals. The store depletion and hydrogen peroxide induced
elevations in Ca 2+ fluxes were reduced by blocking the TRPA1 channel with its specific antagonist HC 030031 (40 µM). We
conclude that TRPA1 channels in astrocytes are opened by intracellular Ca 2+ store depletion and by oxidative stress.
References
Agulhon et al. (2008). Neuron, 59:932-946.
Shigetomi et al. (2011). Nature Neuroscience, 15(1):70-80.
Shigetomi et al. (2010). Nature Neuroscience, 13(6):759-766.
Note: Anna Sieben received funding for her BMEP time in the U.S. from the DAAD.

Friends of BMEP and IALS – Financial Support since 1985
The International Academy of Life Sciences (IALS) and its subsidiary, the Biomedical Sciences Exchange Program (BMEP),
wish to express sincere gratitude to the individuals and organizations listed below who have contributed to the FRIENDS OF
IALS since the 1985 appeal for financial support.
Benefactors – up to 5000 Euros
• Dr. Michaela Banck and Dr. Andreas Beutler, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
• Prof. Claudia Barth, Köln
• Dr. Dennis Dey, MIR Neurology & Spine Center, Cumberland, MD
• Brita Dole, Bad Oeynhausen
• Dr. Karsten Dreinhöfer, Ulm
• Dr. Heinrich Hagehülsmann & Ute Hagehülsmann, M.A., M.Sc., Rastede
• Sabine Hermann, DMD, Löhne
• Prof. Roland Hetzer, Berlin
• Dr. Holger Kranich, Gila River Health Care Corporation, Phoenix,AZ
• Fr. Vöth Naber & PD Klaus Naber, Murnau
• Drs. Marion Schaeffer & Jürgen Schaeffer, Hannover
Patrons – up to 1000 Euros
ñ Dr. Dr. Elmar Burchhardt, Cambridge, Massachusetts
ñ Dr. William Deal, Dean em., Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
ñ Prof. Torsten Doenst, Freiburg
• Prof. Harald Jüppner, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
• Dr. Frank-Dieter Loitz, Braunschweig
• Dr. Christian Schäffer, Stuttgart
• Prof. Hans-Joachim Schurek, Lingen-Ems
Sponsors – up to 500 Euros
• Dr. Berend-Tüge Berendsen, Mönkeberg
• Heiko Flügel, M. Sc., Bad Soden
• Dr. Jan Hilpert, Berlin
Prof. K.W. Kuehn, Karlsruhe
• Prof. Klaus-Hinrich Neumann, Magdeburg
• Dr. W. Scott Long, Connecticut Hospice, New Haven, CT
• Prof. Klaus-Hinrich Neumann, Magdeburg
• Dr. Karin Maass-Poppenhusen, Kiel
Sustainers – up to 250 Euros
ñ Dr. Anne Dörte Achtert, Berlin
ñ Dr. Stefan Blaas, Regensburg
ñ Dr. Judith Brandstätter, München
ñ PD Dr. Giuliano Ciarimboli, Münster
ñ Prof. Thomas Deller, Kronberg
ñ Dr. Eva Handke, Hamburg
ñ Dr. Irmtrud Jäckle-Meyer, Göttingen
ñ Dr. Volkmar Lufft, Rendsburg
ñ Dr. Rüdiger L. Prosst, Fellbach
ñ Prof. Jörg Rademacher, Minden
ñ Dr. Benjamin Schäfer, Bangor, Maine
ñ Dr. Burkhard Schulte, Friesoythe

Donors – up to 100 Euros
• Dr. Jan Boublick, New York
• Prof. Jürgen & Barbara Floege, Aachen
• Dr. Karl Fryburg, Tucson, AZ
• Dr. Dirk Hentschel, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
• Dr. Anne Hofer, Tübingen
• Dr. Robert Massey, Dean em, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT
• Dr. Johannes Richter, Göttingen
• Dr. Felix Wedegärtner, Hannover
Corporate Sponsors & Foundations – up to 25,000 Euros
• Bayer Crop. Sciences, Monheim
• Boylan Foundation, Rhinebeck, NY
• B. Braun – Melsungen AG, Melsungen
• Genzyme Corporation, Framingham, MA
• S. Karger Publishers, Basel
• Provena Covenant Medical Center, Urbana, IL
• Boehringer Ingelheim Inc., Ridgefield, CT
• Preussag AG, Hannover
• Carl Duisburg Foundation, Hannover
Founding institutions:
Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory
Medizinische Hochschule Hannover

Who's Who in IALS
Officers
Hilmar Stolte, MD, PhD
Univ. Professor emeritus
Medizinische Hochschule Hannover
President, BMEP & IALS
Hannover & Potsdam, Germany
Benjamin Schäfer, MD
Northeast Cardiology Associates
Treasurer, BMEP USA, Inc.
Bangor, ME, USA
Raymond L. Williams, JD
Roy, Beardsley, Williams and Granger, LLC
Clerk, BMEP USA, Inc.
Ellsworth, ME, USA
Administrative Offices
European Office
IALS / BMEP
Prof. Hilmar Stolte, MD
Medizinische Hochschule
Hannover
Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1
D-30625 Hannover
T +49 511 532 6662
F +49 511 532 6663
ials@lifesciences.net
European Office
IALS / BMEP
Heidrun Stache
IALS
Kaiserstr. 15
D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen
Germany
T +49 5731 23941
F +49 5731 23942
stache@lifesciences.net
Klaus Neumann, MD
Vice President IALS (Europe)
Professor of Medicine
Magdeburg, Germany
Robert Rich, PhD
Chairman of the Board, IALS
Professor of Law & Political Sciences
University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
Michael Wiederholt, MD
Univ. Professor emeritus, Freie Universität Berlin
European Representative & Trustee, BMEP Inc.
IALS Office
Brandenburg-Berlin
Svetlana Orlova, PhD
IALS
Am Neuen Markt 6
D-14467 Potsdam
Germany
T +49 331 8170 701
F +49 331 8170 702
davorl@rumbler.ru
N. American Office
BMEP
Laurie B. Williams
56 Hancock Street
Ellsworth
ME 04605
USA
T +1 207 667 1920
F +1 207 667 5513
bmep@midmaine.com
in public / private partnership:
GBM – Association for Innovation and Technology Transfer in Biomedicine, Ltd, Potsdam – Bad Oeynhausen
GBM@lifesciences.net