Maritime Port Security by M Hanif Ismail

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Maritime Port Security by M Hanif Ismail
Even though maritime security have always been
a concern for defence planners, the tragedy of
9/11 brought the points home on the vulnerability
of even the most developed nation to the threat of
asymmetric attacks against key installations.
Maritime ports are highly sensitive areas, with
large and complex flows of people and goods,
calling for effective security measures. As such,
maritime ports are one of the key infrastructures
given a thorough re-examination after the event
of 9/11, to enhance its security and minimise the
chances that terrorist or criminal elements might
use maritime ports to carry out illegal activities
or attacks.
In the US National Security Presidential Directive
41/Homeland Security Presidential Directive
13 (NSPD-41/HSPD-13), the maritime domain is
defined as: “All areas and things of, on, under,
relating to, adjacent to, or bordering on a sea,
ocean, or other navigable waterway, including all
maritime-related activities, infrastructure, people,
cargo, and vessels and other conveyances.” The
NSPD-41/HSPD-13 establishes policy guidelines
to enhance national
and homeland security
by protecting US
maritime interests.
22 ADJ March 2010
The HSPD-13 states that, it is the policy of the
US to take all necessary and appropriate actions,
consistent with US law, treaties and other international
agreements to which the US is a party, and
customary international law as determined for the
US by the President, to enhance the security of
and protect US interests in the maritime domain,
including the following:
Preventing terrorist attacks or criminal acts or
hostile acts in, or the unlawful exploitation of, the
maritime domain, and reducing the vulnerability
of the maritime domain to such acts and exploitation;
Enhancing US national security and homeland
security by protecting US population centres, critical
infrastructure, borders, harbours, ports, and
coastal approaches in the maritime domain;
Expediting recovery and response from attacks
within the maritime domain;
The Seabob Black Shadow diver propulsion vehicle in action.
Maximising awareness of security issues in the
maritime domain in order to support US forces and
improve US Government actions in response to
identified threats;
Enhancing international relationships and
promoting the integration of US allies and international
and private sector partners into an improved
global maritime security framework to advance
common security interests in the maritime domain;
and
Ensuring seamless, coordinated implementation
of authorities and responsibilities relating to
the security of the maritime domain by and among
US Federal departments and agencies. These
actions must be undertaken in a manner that facilitates
global commerce and preserves the freedom
of the seas for legitimate military and commercial
navigation and other legitimate activities as well
as civil liberties and the rights guaranteed under
the US Constitution.
Here, ADJ looks at some of the solutions for
maritime security offered by some of the world’s
major defence and security industries.
BAE Systems
Harbour Protection System (HPS) from BAE Systems
was designed for mobile and flexible surveillance
and has an integrated above and below water
surveillance capability. At the core of the HPS is
a highly flexible Command and Control system
(Spider), which can be tailored to meet customers’
needs. BAE Systems has a range of other related
products that can be used for maritime security, such
as the Deployable Surveillance Unit, PMC300 Fixed-
Mount IR Camera and the HF Over The Horizon
Surface Wave Radar.
The Deployable Surveillance Unit (DSU) employs
a flexible, cost-effective C 2 system, which provides
a single unified surveillance picture and enables
the integration of a wide range of sensors, including
EO/IR cameras, radar, unattended ground sensors,
and swimmer detection systems. System mobility
enables the rapid response required to meet the
variable demands of the security environment.

ATLAS Elektronik
The PMC300 uncooled infrared camera
generates high-resolution thermal imagery that
meets mission detection requirements at standoff
distances that were once limited to cooled IR
cameras. The PMC300 camera, based on BAE
Systems’ advanced 640 x 480 MicroIR technology,
provides long-range surveillance and vision
enhancement. The PMC300 camera is also based
on an environmentally qualified, modular design
that allows users to tailor the unit to meet missionspecific
performance requirements and rapidly
deploy it in the harshest operational environments.
A critical component of the camera’s design is BAE
Systems’ family of interchangeable, single and
dual field-of-view optics that can be configured
to meet specific short-, medium-, and long-range
imaging requirements. This configuration flexibility
meets today’s application requirements and is
unmatched by other uncooled infrared cameras.
The High-Frequency Surface Wave Radar
(HFSWR) offers low-cost performance over-thehorizon
surveillance capability with flexible deployment
to provide long-range early warning against
surface vessels and low-flying aircraft.
The Seawolf UUV.
MARITIME PORT SECURITY
This screen combines a Defender II with electronic chart display (ECD) and satellite photo overlay of the
Vancouver harbour, downtown waterfront and Burrard Inlet around the Canada Place cruise ship docking
facility and trade and convention centre. The red line tracks the movement of a diver towards a high value
asset ship docked at the facility.
The Double Eagle Mk III ROV.
Kongsberg
Saab
ADJ March 2010 23

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Boeing
Global Maritime Security (GMS) is a unit under
Boeing Defense, Space and Security. GMS
focuses Boeing-wide knowledge and key relationships
into one unit dedicated to applying
intelligence and security solutions to the specialised
operations of ports, coastal and maritime
environs and widely varied users. Through
Maritime Domain Awareness, GMS provides
solutions to protect the global maritime interests
of the United States and friendly nations by using
the information-sharing environment combined
with multi-level security capabilities. As one of
the top five US maritime cargo importers, to
support aircraft manufacturing, Boeing is itself
a stakeholder with vested interest in maritime
supply-chain security and the safe and efficient
flow of commerce. This gives Intelligence and
Security Systems both the ability to bring technical
expertise and tools to maritime security, and
the insight to the impacts and effectiveness of
technology applications.
EADS NV
EADS solutions for maritime security are divided
into three; surveillance means, command and
control system and intervention.
For surveillance, EADS offers mobile platforms
equipped with radar and camera (IR spectrum or
TV): planes and UAVs for long-range surveillance
missions of large areas; helicopters for area surveillance,
object location and identification; ships
or vessels for short-range surveillance. EADS can
also equip coastal sites with radar, electro-optic
and underwater sensors as well as Automatic
Identification System (AIS). Intelligence means
covers Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance
System; observation satellite, real-time
image analysis, sonar, risk assessment.
24 ADJ March 2010
The Vessel Traffic Management Systems (VTMS) provides effective coastal surveillance through radar
detection and tracking of targets over coastal and territorial waters.
For command and control system, EADS
offers solutions for situational awareness
(Common Operational Picture), resource
management, location and dispatching, mission
planning, decision support system, Vessel
Traffic Services (VTS), communication means
and data links.
For intervention, EADS offers mobile platforms
to track, intercept and perform interventions at
sea.
Part of the equation should also include security
patrols well equipped with secure communications
to the command.
Finmeccanica
Finmeccanica, the Italian leader in aerospace, defence
and security offers the most comprehensive
approach to homeland security, providing leading
edge solutions based on its unrivalled multi-area
technological background.
Leveraging the technological and industrial
base of its companies, Finmeccanica offers its
customers capabilities and solutions that meet the
strategic goal of global security; to prevent terrorists
attacks, to reduce the vulnerability to terrorism
of both population and key assets, and to minimise
damage and recovery time after an attack.
Finmeccanica systems have modular architectures
that match different levels of requirements,
with the capability to work standalone or within
complex networks. The systems can fulfil single
or broad security tasks, independently or within a
state of the art architecture that expands into an integrated
network-centric national security system.
For security systems, flexibility is of paramount
importance. Finmeccanica solutions provide the
highest integration with existing assets, guaranteeing
the required net-compatibility.
Finmeccanica solutions for homeland security
are organised around four pillars and rest upon a
solid network-centric communications infrastructure
that allows supervisory and coordination
activity and distribution of services and information
associated to the different levels.
Having a long tradition in military integrated
systems for patrolling and identification activities,
allows Finmeccanica to offer its customers, stateof-the-art
solutions for border surveillance, be it
air, sea or land. The company expertise includes
coastline and territorial water control, “Smart
Border” air space surveillance, illegal immigration
and checkpoints.
Finmeccanica

Lockheed Martin
Lockheed Martin is a leading designer and manufacturer
of communications, command and control
systems, radar, navigation/surveillance systems
and other software-intensive products that are
necessary for building fully integrated and fully
networked systems.
A prime example of one such networked system,
the US Coast Guard’s Integrated Deepwater
Program, leverages the company’s expertise in
similar systems for the US Department of Defense
customer. Likewise, the company is applying its
multi-sensor technology through its Swimmer
Intruder Detection System, which automatically
detects, classifies and tracks all types of swimmer
intruders.
With Lockheed Martin’s legacy systems, such
as the P-3 Airborne Early Warning and Control Aircraft
and Tethered Aerostat Surveillance Systems,
the company delivers systems that can monitor
land and sea borders from the high ground. Tethered
Aerostats provide continuous real-time radar
surveillance and defence across the US southern
border for both air and surface threats. Under
contract from the US Missile Defense Agency,
Lockheed Martin is building a prototype of the High
Altitude Airship, a lighter-than-air vehicle that can
be deployed at 60,000 feet.
Lockheed Martin is taking a leading role in applying
the cutting-edge technologies of biometrics
and fingerprint identification to the challenges of
homeland security. Lockheed Martin leveraged
advanced technologies to create the capabilities
for identifying and matching fingerprints in just
hours instead of days or weeks. Lockheed Martin
is involved in programmes that apply fingerprint
technology and optical scanning to other biometric
markers, providing highly secure credentialing and
communications, as well as an unprecedented
degree of interoperability among biometric scanning,
matching and card subsystems.
Raytheon
Project Athena Multi-Domain Awareness System
from Raytheon is a network centric, multi-domain
command, control, communications, computers,
intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance
(C 4 ISR) system for high performance situational
awareness, fusion, analysis and knowledge
management. By exploiting information from
global sources—including sensors, databases
and intelligence—Athena delivers persistent
surveillance, situational awareness and anomaly
detection aids to reduce operator workload.
Athena uses a modern, extendable and open
C 4 ISR framework that works with a wide range
of sensors and collaborates across command
centres and enterprise systems. It employs userfriendly
and role-based methods of managing
correlated information and sharing across local,
regional or global joint command interests. Athena
delivers fast and flexible multi domain awareness
for rapid operational deployments using proven
components.
Athena is based on a proven systems architecture
used by NORAD. This robust system can
process multiple inputs on many thousands of
tracks. With a look and feel common to existing
command and control centres, Athena is also userfriendly.
Athena’s framework is based on a tiered,
service-oriented architecture, uses off-the-shelf
components and conforms to US Department of
Defense architecture framework standards. Athena
adds value by providing rules-based anomaly
analysis and software agent capabilities, along
with network centric service capabilities.
Raytheon operates the Project Athena Multi-
Domain Awareness Testbed at its facility in
Portsmouth, Rhode Island. Here, Raytheon
provides ongoing demonstrations of Athena’s
multi-domain capabilities, using live feeds and
simulated threat scenarios, real-time display and
analysis, and real-time re-planning for multiple
event assessments.
Scenarios include global domain awareness
across operational commands; surveillance
across domains (land, air, sea); evaluation of
operational concepts and technology; and border
threats and interdiction. Operational deployments
for border surveillance missions have demonstrated
a robust, user-friendly and effective field
C 4 ISR capability.
Representatives from Raytheon Integrated
Defense Systems joined local, state and federal
officials in Providence, on Apr 16, 2009, for a
demonstration of the Port Area Waterside Surveillance
System, or PAWSS. The demonstration
took place at the grand opening of the Providence
Emergency Management Agency’s new
Emergency Operations Centre (EOC). Raytheon
permanently deployed the sensors and its Athena
data fusion and operations centre technology to
provide situational awareness capability. With a
network of sensors from the southern entrance
of Narragansett Bay to the Port of Providence 25
miles north, PAWSS allows decision makers to
MARITIME PORT SECURITY
spot and evaluate threats early. Athena integrates
information from the sensors, including radars and
day vision cameras, to provide input to the Rhode
Island Common Operating Picture (RICOP). This
gives officials advance warning and the improved
situational awareness needed to maintain port
security. The shared future vision of RICOP is to
provide an integrated and enhanced situational
awareness capability that provides statewide public
safety and security across multiple domains.
Athena would serve as the data fusion and decision
support backbone.
Thales
The new
Coast
Watcher
radar range
ensures the
safety and
security from
surveillance
of territorial
waters to site
protection
and early
warning
detection of
surface and
air threats.
Thales
Thales provides end-to-end integrated security
solutions to secure port facilities in compliance
with the International Ship and Port Security
(ISPS) Code adopted by the International Maritime
Organisation (IMO).
Thales has the ability to manage, integrate
and provide long-term support for innovative
solutions to meet security requirements for port
infrastructures: terminals, marinas, loading areas
and administrative buildings.
Thales port security solutions are part of
Thales SHIELD, the brand name of the whole
Thales group security and safety portfolio.
They incorporate the most recent technological
advances in access control integration, digital
video surveillance, perimeter detection, tracking,
supervision and security operations management.
The systems are adapted to coastal environment,
calling for corrosion-proof materials and
optimised installation to minimise the effects of
adverse weather conditions. Thales also delivers
consulting services to cover all aspects of security
risk management, whether IT-related, physical,
environmental or people-oriented.
Customer references in this field include comprehensive
security solutions for the port of Calais,
one of Europe’s biggest seaports and global
supervision of the autonomous port of Nantes
Saint-Nazaire on the Atlantic coast.n
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