Bulletin 20 - Peabody Museum of Natural History - Yale University

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42 A SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF THE DEMOSPONGIAE OF JAMAICA robust spicules are styles, (b) Acanthostyles, straight, with sharp points, 50-100 ^ in length. The heads are 5-8 /x in diameter. Conical spines, 1-3 LL in height, are irregularly strewn over the head and basal 2/3-4/5 of the shaft, (c) Large palmate isochelas, 10-18 LL in length, with a maximum head diameter of 3 LI. (d) Small palmate isochelas, 4-7 LL in length, with a maximum head diameter of 2 ju,. (e) Large toxas, 48-413 X 1-2 fx. The longer spicules have a short, shallow central arch and straight sides. A very few are actually raphides. The short spicules have a deeper arch and slightly recurved ends. Toxodragmata are present, (f) Small toxas, 5-13 X 1-2 /A, with straight sides. The spicules approach an inverted, flattened V in shape. Individual analyses, lengths in microns: Subtylostyles 110-386 (70) 106-410 (70) 117-351 (25) 104-340 (50)* Small isochelas 4-5 (25) 5-7 (25) 4-7 (25) 5-7 (25)* Acanthostyles 50-100 (50) 53-73 (50) 50-78 (25) 50-80 (25)* Large toxas present 48-270 (15) 136-413 (13) 48-320 (15)* Large isochelas 10-13 (25) 10-17 (25) 10-16 (25) 13-18 (25)* Small toxas present 7-10 (13) present 5-13 (25)* DISCUSSION. The Jamaican sponge is characterized by the presence of two sizes of both toxas and chelas. Microciona parthena de Laubenfels of California (cf. de Laubenfels, 1932b) has small toxas which are similar in shape to those of the present specimens. The Californian species is otherwise quite different. Only a few species of Microciona have minute isochelas in addition to the typical isochelas of the genus. Clathria favosa Whitelegge, 1906, of Australia has such spicules, but lacks minute toxas. It is a branching sponge with a honeycombed surface. Clathria copiosa Topsent, var. curacaoensis Arndt, 1927, also has minute isochelas. It is certainly not conspecific with Topsent's material. Arndt's Curasao sponge differs from the Jamaican in having styles rather than subtylostyles. Its acanthostyles are entirely spined and smaller in size. Small toxas are not present. Microciona maunaloa de Laubenfels (1951a) of Hawaii is similar in color, shape and structure to the Jamaican species. The long toxas are of similar form. M. maunaloa differs in lacking small toxas. Its subtylostyles are devoid of spines, and its acanthostyles are entirely spined. The differences, combined with the geographical gap, suggest that the Jamaican sponge is not conspecific with M. maunaloa. They are certainly closely related species. Microciona rarispinosa n. sp. (Text-fig. 8) HOLOTYPE. YPM 5041. Rasta's Wreck, June 24, 1961. HABITAT. Incrusting on pilings and mussel shells at Port Royal. SHAPE. All of the several dozen observed specimens were very thin films. Most were less than 0.5 mm in thickness. COLOR. The living sponges are bright red. Preserved specimens are drab to gray. CONSISTENCY. Soft. SURFACE. Even, microhispid, punctiform. No oscules were visible. ECTOSOME. No specialization. Many of the tylostyles project beyond the protoplasmic surface. ENDOSOME. The spongin skeleton consists of a basal plate and short ascending fibers which are 30-45 fx in diameter. The plate and fibers lack coring spicules but are echinated by stout subtylostyles. The echinators are basally implanted in spongin, often for i/s of their length. The shorter echinators usually have roughened bases. The flesh contains both thick and thin subtylostyles of all sizes along with numerous microscleres.
SYSTEMATICS 43 SPICULES. The subtylostyles can be readily divided into two categories by their thickness. (a) The echinators and some of the scattered megascleres are stout, with dimensions of 72-702 X 5-20 /A. A slight but definite constriction separates the rounded head from the shaft. The longer spicules are usually curved toward the basal end. The shorter spicules are usually straight and frequently have roughened heads. A very few stout subtylostyles exhibit a slight tendency toward shaft spination. The spines, when present, I L Fig. 8. —Spicules of Microciona rarispinosa. A. Stout subtylostyles. B. Thin subtylostyle. C. Heads of stout tylostyles enlarged to show spination. D. Palmate isochelas. E. Toxa. A, B: scale I. C, D: scale II. E: scale III. YPM 5041. Holotype. are only 1-3 in number and usually less than 1 p in height, (b) Thin, scattered subtylostyles, with narrow ovoid heads, 116-608 X 2-5 p. (c) Narrow palmate isochelas, 12-20 p long, with a maximum head width of 3 fi. (d) Toxas 16-23 X 2 fi or less. Most are tricurvate, with a wide deep arch, and recurved ends. The smaller toxas have a shallow arch and straight ends. Individual analyses, lengths in microns: Thick Tylostyles 128-702 (50) 72-398 (50) 82-538 (75)* Thin Tylostyles 153-375 (50) 116-348 (50) 146-608 (50)* Isochelas 13-16 (50) 12-15 (25) 13-20 (25)* Toxas 16-60 (50) 20-44 (25) 20-63 (50)* DISCUSSION. The species is characterized by a lack of acanthostyles, and the near absence of shaft spination on the echinating megascleres. It is therefore intermediate between Microciona and the ophlitaspongiid genus Axociella. In spicule size ranges the present species is very similar to the Puerto Rican sponges described as Microciona spinosa by Wilson (1902a). Wilson's species differs by its complete lack of spination and by the presence of conules. De Laubenfels (1936a, p. 113) transferred M. spinosa to Axociella. De Laubenfels' Florida specimens differ from Wilson's in shape, spicule complement and megasclere distribution. They are therefore unlikely to be conspecific with either the Puerto Rican or Jamaican sponges. Microciona similis Stephens (1915) of South Africa is also similar in structure to the Jamaican species but differs in having thicker fibers and larger toxas. The smallest styles have a considerable number of spines on the shaft. De Laubenfels (1936a) established a
Page 1 and 2: PEABODY MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Y
Page 3 and 4: A SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF THE DEMOSPONG
Page 5 and 6: LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ABSTRACT INTR
Page 7 and 8: YALE UNIVERSITY PEABODY MUSEUM OF N
Page 9 and 10: INTRODUCTION 3 of washing, centrifu
Page 11 and 12: SYSTEMATICS 5 are divided into the
Page 13 and 14: ORDER POECILOSCLERIDA FAMILY TEDANI
Page 15 and 16: SYSTEMATICS 9 in diameter; the mesh
Page 17 and 18: SYSTEMATICS 11 and interior contain
Page 19 and 20: SYSTEMATICS 13 DISCUSSION. Verongia
Page 21 and 22: SYSTEMATICS 15 idem, 1897, p. 482;
Page 23 and 24: SYSTEMATICS 17 plateaux. The result
Page 25 and 26: SYSTEMATICS 19 Haliclona rubens, de
Page 27 and 28: SYSTEMATICS 21 HOLOTYPE. YPM 5033.
Page 29 and 30: SYSTEMATICS 23 Fibulia to be a dire
Page 31 and 32: SYSTEMATICS 25 from the Bahamas was
Page 33 and 34: SYSTEMATICS 27 Individual analyses,
Page 35 and 36: SYSTEMATICS 29 as 10-12 spicules. T
Page 37 and 38: SYSTEMATICS 31 mental forms are com
Page 39 and 40: SYSTEMATICS 33 Tuba sororia Duchass
Page 41 and 42: SYSTEMATICS 35 SPICULES. Strongyles
Page 43 and 44: SYSTEMATICS 37 DISCUSSION. The most
Page 45 and 46: SYSTEMATICS 39 Lissodendoryx caroli
Page 47: n i SYSTEMATICS 41 FAMILY MICROCION
Page 51 and 52: SYSTEMATICS 45 spongin. Many echina
Page 53 and 54: SYSTEMATICS 47 27-102 X 2 /i. Many
Page 55 and 56: SYSTEMATICS 49 SHAPE. The sponge ha
Page 57 and 58: SYSTEMATICS 51 that the toxas menti
Page 59 and 60: SYSTEMATIGS 58 Halichondria magnico
Page 61 and 62: SYSTEMATICS 55 p. 55; Gulf of Campe
Page 63 and 64: SYSTEMATIGS 57 of the presence of m
Page 65 and 66: SYSTEMATICS 59 COLOR. The sponge is
Page 67 and 68: SYSTEMATICS 61 range is extensive.
Page 69 and 70: SYSTEMATICS 63 much as 1 mm in life
Page 71 and 72: SYSTEMATICS 65 ORDER EPIPOLASIDA So
Page 73 and 74: SYSTEMATICS 67 HABITAT. The single
Page 75 and 76: SYSTEMATICS 69 137; de Laubenfels,
Page 77 and 78: SYSTEMATICS 71 Sollas (1888) used C
Page 79 and 80: SYSTEMATICS 73 Fig. 14.—Spicules
Page 81 and 82: SYSTEMATICS 75 HABITAT. Common on p
Page 83 and 84: DISTRIBUTION BY HABITAT 77 GENUS CO
Page 85 and 86: DISTRIBUTION BY HABITAT 79 gibberos
Page 87 and 88: FIELD KEY 81 3—Tough; with skin-l
Page 89 and 90: ZOOGEOGRAPHICAL NOTES 83 3—Not sp
Page 91 and 92: LITERATURE CITED 85 Halichondria ma
Page 93 and 94: LITERATURE CITED 87 Ekman, Sven, 19
Page 95 and 96: LITERATURE CITED 89 Wells, H. W., W
Page 97 and 98: conulosa, Thalyseurypon, vi, 1, 7,
Page 99 and 100:
pectinicola, Mycale, 48, 50-51 Pell
Page 101 and 102:
PLATES
Page 104 and 105:
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Page 106:
PLATE III Fig. 1. PelUna coeliformi
Page 109 and 110:
PLATE IV Fig. 1. Callyspongia plici
Page 111 and 112:
->-" .*^-^; .'-fcL •"i-S; - "- i-
Page 113 and 114:
PLATE ¥1 Fig. 1. Thalyseurypon con
Page 115 and 116:
-^Kjm .#y • . •*&' $•$. -'J3T
Page 117:
PLATE VIII Fig. 1. Geodia papyracea
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Bulletin 20 - Peabody Museum of Natural History - Yale University

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