The Electrical experimenter

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872 ELECTRICAL EXPERIMENTER April, 1918 RADIO OPERATORS NEEDED Government Service Merchant Marine Special course for men subject to draft. Complete course of instruction under expert teachers in shortest possible time. Special Classes for Women Complete Equipment—Low Rates— Individual Instruction — Rapid Progress — Dormitories—Employment Bureau. START TODAY Write for Illustrated Booklet. Y. M. C. A. RADIO SCHOOL 145 E. 86th Street, New York, N. Y. = BEST RADIO SCHOOL IN NEW TOtK ^= 0"I Can ** Succeed! "What other men have accomplished through I. C. S. help, I can. If the I. C. S. have raised the salaries of other men, they can raise mine. To me, I. C. S. means 'I CAN SUCCEED.'" Get the" "I Can Succeed" spirit, for the International Correspondence Schools can raise your salary — whether you're a dollar-a-day man or a dollar-an-hour man, a long-hour man or short-hour man, young or old. No matter where you live, what you now do, or how little time or money you may have, the I. C. S. have a Course of Training to fit your needs. Hundreds of thousands of ambitious men have achieved success through I. C. S. help in the past 25 years— over 100,000 are now studying, getting ready for the big jobs ahead. Join them and make your life something to be proud of—you can do it. Mark and mail the coupon TODAY and find out how; it won't obligate you in the least. INTERNATIONAL CORRESPdNPENnE SCHOOLS BOX 5377, SCRANTON, PA. Explain, without obligating me, how I can qualify tit the positloD, or in the subject, bejore which 1 mark t. ELECTRICAL ENGINEER Electric Lighting Electric Railways Electric Wiring Telegraph Engineer Telephone Wort MECHANICAL ENGTSEER Mechanical Draftsman Machine Shop Practice Gas Engine Operating CIV11. ENGLNEER Surveying and Mapping MINE FOUE1T.N ORENG'R Metallurgist or Prosppetr.r STATIONARY FNGIN LLtl Marine Engineer ARCHITECT Contractor and Builder Arehl'crttiral Drattsmaa Concrete Builder Structural Engineer PLUMBING AND HEAT1N6 Sheet Metal Worker Teitlle Orerseer or Snpt, CUEHI3T Present Occupation- Street udKo City SALESMANSHIP ADVERTISING Window Trimmer Show Card Writer Sign Painter Railroad Trainman ILLUSTRATING Cartooning BOOKKEEPER ooerapher .ind Typist Cert. Pub. Acrountar 1 TRAFFIC MANAGER Railway Accountant Commercial Law GOOD ENGLISH Teacher Common School SaLleets Mathematics CIVIL SERVICE Railway Mail Clerk "AUTOMOBILE 0PERAT1S0 SpSDlsfc u°onn=s Frooca Italian next instant I saw Ingals rising from his seat without the formality of a request to the Council Chair. "I move this body accept in its entirety the report of Mr. El van," he shot out in sharp, decisive voice, "and that we adopt unqualifiedly Professor Firman's suggestion, abiding decidedly in that scientist's ability to direct our next move!" The positive ring of his tone imposed itself upon the overwrought nerves of us all. There was no time to reflect and deliberate. The surcharged air of the meeting seemed to have exploded with the lightning decision of Ingal's action. In sheer relief, it seemed to me, a sonorous voice somewhere in that august body rumbled out. "I second the motion !" and the next instant the council had accepted the die and cast it like a challenge in the face of the demon forces. By Monday morning a startled universe heard aghast, and with mingled feelings of fear and hope, that the Martian insolence was to be defied, and that secret preparations were being perfected with all haste under the direction of a leading scientist. Thursday noon was the time when the Martian ultimatum was to expire. Since 1 o'clock in the morning of that fateful day the laboratory in the university on Morningside Heights, now- converted into a pulsating workshop, had been the scene of tremendous activities. Two by two, a thousand planes had stopt at Firman's windows, around which a screened landing platform had been erected, and received aboard sealed cases of materials and trained operators. As rapidly as they were equipt they departed to their assigned stations. By 10 o'clock the last pair of planes was at the platform. We piled the remaining cases aboard and climbed into one of the machines. Ava was with me. She had insisted on coming and I had no desire to refuse her. Either we were to be successful, and my joy in the triumph would be heightened by sharing it with her, or we would fail, and then we could perish together in the midst of the cataclysm. It was an hour pregnant with fatal possibilities, and our faces showed the strain.. Even Firman, with his nerves of steel, reflected the general feeling. His eyes were sunk deep in their sockets and his prominent nose was still further accentuated by the hollows in his cheeks. The scheme he had perfected was gigantic in its simplicity. The planes were stationed in pairs at equal distances above New York. On each plane was a sending and receiving station (tuned to the same wave-length as that of its mate) for a powerful helium ray. The two rays, crossing in the electrical field generated between the planes, reflected the images in their paths on sensitive selenoid plates within the planes. Thus, by covering the entire territory, we would discover the Martians when they landed to plant their contact points, if Firman's plan did not miscarry. Eleven o'clock was the hour when Firman expected the invaders would begin their work in order to fulfill the threat of their ultimatum. Precisely on the second he flashed the order to the sentinel planes to open their batteries. Our machine was stationed with its mate over Battery Park. As the order was given, and the powerful ray shot out of the crackling batteries, we bent over the selenoid plate with passionate eagerness. Ava's hand was in mine, our fingers intermingled in a clasp that drove every atom of blood from them. Our breaths came and went in short, agitated gasps. I stole a glance at Firman. His eyes were gleaming with deep intensity as he watched every tremor on the sensitive surface. You benefit by mentioning the "Electrical Experimenter" when writing to advertisers. The area of our electric field included all of Battery Park and the greater part of the bay. The helium rays swept back and forth and ghostly outlines of ships passing thru the harbor and people walking in the park appeared on our plate. For ten minutes we kept our silent vigil, then suddenly our hearts leaped and a rush of blood to my head almost obscured my vision. Two long, elliptical objects had dropt from the sky and were landing on the grass, a short distance front the water front! We would see distinctly every movement of the Martians inside their marvelous planes. The faithful ray penetrated every corner of the craft and pictured the details, in spectral outline on the selenoid plate. We even saw the skeletons of the men thru their coverings of flesh, and it seemed as if some hideous creatures from the nether world had come to wreak unholy devastation upon us. Firman stiffened, a haggard smile of triumph on his sharpened features. An instant longer he watched those phantom figures moving about boldly, confidence in their shield of invisibility making them utterly devoid of caution. Then I saw Firman's eyes crinkle with deliberate grimness, saw him motion to the gunner at his side, and saw the latter adjust his weapon to the range indicated by the finder on the selenoid. His fingers worked deftly, coolly. He nodded to the scientist. With an audible sigh of satisfaction Firman uttered the word : ''Fire !" A deafening crash shook our plane. From somewhere below came the sound of splintering glass and metal, coupled with shrieks of agony. The crawling image on my plate broke, rose into a thousand fragments and fell in deathly silence. As in a nightmare I heard the next command : "Now the other !" Again the long, slim gun whipt out its tongue of shooting flame, and from the ground the din of destruction rose in clamoring echo. The invisible fleet lay, a futile ruin, on the soil of the city it had come to destroy. As those rising from the tortured dreams of a black night, we stared at each other, unable to speak in the first few moments of indescribable relief. Then Ava burst into tears and I took her in my arms. "The Universe is saved !" ecstasy of joy. I cried in an "Yes," agreed Firman ; then added thoughtfully: "And the Martians take their place in that long blacklist of fools who would conquer the world by force !" (The End.) COSMIC FORCE. (Continued from page 829) liberated, as with combustion in the form of heat. These crystalized specks of energy may be made up of complex vibrations thai have either a positive or negative charge and cling together not only from their own inherent vibratory form but also by the action transmitted from the sun. One form of energy made up in a certain complex form would have its own characteristics, as copper might have ions like Fig. 1, and iron with ions as in Fig. 2, etc. This probably explains why different materials take a definite crystaline form, which is one of the principles on which metallurgy is based. These specks of energy make up molecules that are in a fixt state and by means of chemistry and metallurgy we are able to disassociate the different classes of molecules by means of their characteristics. These sciences have been developed so that we can now understand a great many of
April, 1918 ELECTRICAL EXPERIMENTER 873 the characteristics of the energy about us and with which we have to deal, but the greatest understanding and enlightenment will come to us when we delve more deeply into the causes which produce all the conditions about us, that is, what is this universe in which we live and what perpetuates its existence? ELECTRICITY TO PREVENT FU- TURE FUEL CRISIS. (Continued from page 825) were supplied from one big generator. At first sight it would appear that a 40,000 H.P. machine would be needed to carry the load, but such is not the case. As a matter of fact a generator oijo,ooo H. P., or even smaller, would be ample, for the simple reason that all the industries would never need their full quota of power at the same time. The principle is the same as that which permits a bank to serve its depositors with a cash reserve that is very much less than its total deposits. When producing its own power each plant might occasionally need the full power of its generator, but for the most part the generator would be running below its rated capacity and therefore under conditions of poor economy and high coal consumption per horse-power. By combining all these small loads on to one machine, a much more uniform large load and a much higher operating efficiency are obtained. As a result, the large unit would consume even less than from '/i to J4 of the coal consumed by the individual plants of the 80 industries. The same principle applies to cities as well as to plants, and if, therefore, several cities were supplied with power from a single system (obtaining its electrical energy from several large steam and water-power generating stations), the saving in fuel as compared with present conditions would be truly remarkable. Small generators must necessarily be near their loads and the coal they need hauled to them. This, however, is not the case with large machines generating enormous amounts of power and capable of supplying the demands of entire cites. It is thoroly feasible to place the generator at the mine and transmit the electric energy over wires, thus eliminating railroad transportation altogether. The bee-line distance between New York City and the anthracite regions is but 100 miles. Electricity is at this time being transmitted over 200 miles in several American systems, and in one case the distance is over 400 miles. How gratifying it would be at this time if New ! York's power were roads and tug-boats independent of rail- But where central generating stations had to be located away from the mines, as in many cases it will still be necessary for some time to come, it would obvious! a very much simpler matter to supply with coal a few large plants equipt with every modern time- and labor-saving device than to distribute coal to a large number of small plants situated in all sorts of inconvenient locations and without proper facilities for rapid handling of the fuel. Much of our present trouble is due to the difficulties incident to rehandling the coalwaiting number cars, frozen coal, of trucks, teams, an insufficient and men, etc. Such difficulties would be entirely eliminated were the bulk of the coal to go to a few central points. Passing now to the fifth point, the electrification of a large portion of our railroad system (no one expects that all of our railroad mileage will be operated electrically during the present century) would be the greatest single step that can be taken in the direction of fuel economy. American railroads consume nearly 150,000,000 tons of coal annually, nearly one-quarter of our entire output. Much of this coal consumption could be eliminated by the use of water-power, and almost as much could be saved by generating power in efficient, steam-operated, central station plants, instead of in locomotives. the naturally wasteful steam Some idea of the possibilities can be obtained from the fact that the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad saves annually a half a million tons of coal and several hundred thousand barrels of fuel oil by operating 440 miles of its line by means of hydro-electric power. Equally important, from the stand-point of preventing a recurrence of the present fuel crisis, would be the great increase in traffic capacity that electrification would secure for our railroads. The steam locomotive has about reached the limit of its power and therefore freight trains have also about reached the limits of their length and speed. But with electrical operation, of the railroads there is practically no limit to the amount of power that can be applied to a single train. motives several times more Electric loco- powerful than the largest steam locomotives are already in operation, and still larger ones can be built when occasion demands. With more power available longer trains could be operated at higher speeds, which means that more freight could be hauled in a given time over existing rails. PAY $100 to $150 MONTH U. S. GOVERNMENT WANTS Railway Mall Clerk*—City Mall Car rler* — Postofflce Clerks — Clerks at Washington. D. C. THOUSANDS MEN AND WOMEN WANTED Common education suffl r Send Coupon Below franklin Institute . . Dept. N 102 Rochester. N. Y. cient. Send Fldi coupon, filled out as immediately. 'iir. We reeled, entitles the sender to roach candi- free sample examination quesdates free. tions; . (2) a fret? copy of our book, 'Government Positions and How to Get Them"; (3) free list of positions now open. (4) to consideration for Free Coaching lamination here checked, "COUPON^^— Railway Mall Clerk . .Postofflce Clerk [ $900 to $18001 $300 to $1200] Postofflce Carrier - . . Rural Mall Carrier $800 to $1200] $500 to $1200] $900 to $1800] WOO to $15001 $700 to $1800] $1100 to $1500] . .Bookkeeper ..Customs Positions . . Internal . Stenographer Revenue - - - . Clerk In the Departments Washington Name You benefit by mentioning the "Electrical Experimenter" when writing to advertisers. [$1100 to $1500] i Address X102 Use this before you lose it. Write plainly, i Big Powerful MAGNET Finest tungsten magnet steel, absolutely permanent. Length .'• inches. Lifts about 3 pounds Kducattonal, useful and enables you to perform endless tests, experiments and make other magnets. Nothing better made. Sent parcel post $1.00 each. ELECTRIC GENERATORS We also have a number of Holtzer-Cabot Hand Generators which we will dispose of at bargain prices. Give up to about 100 volts, alternating current. You can make direct If desired, strictly high grade, fully up to H-C standards. No catalog While they last. $3.00 each Watson Electric Co. 122 S. Michigan Ave. Chicago
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