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Ch14 10/5/99 2:19 PM Page 342<br />
342 CHAPTER 14<br />
TABLE 14.2 Common Canker Fungi and Hosts in North<br />
America and Europe<br />
Common name Causal fungus Principal hosts<br />
Hardwoods<br />
Chestnut blight a Cryphonectria parasitica American and European chestnuts,<br />
Allegheny chinkapin<br />
Hypoxylon canker Hypoxylon mammatum Trembling, bigtooth, and European aspen,<br />
balsam poplar<br />
Beech bark diseasea,b Nectria coccinea var.<br />
faginata<br />
American and European beech<br />
Butternut canker Sirococcus clavigignentijuglandacearum<br />
Butternut (black walnut rarely)<br />
Fusarium canker Fusarium solani and<br />
Fusarium spp.<br />
Yellow-poplar and sugar maple<br />
Ceratocystis cankerb Ceratocystis fimbriata Poplars, sycamore, rubber and fruit trees<br />
Septoria canker Mycosphaerella<br />
populorum<br />
Poplars<br />
Nectria canker Nectria galligena Sugar and other maples<br />
Strumella canker Urnula caterium White and red oaks (beech, hickory, red<br />
maple, ironwood, basswood, black gum,<br />
chestnut occasionally)<br />
Madrone canker Nattrassia mangiferea Pacific madrone<br />
Dothichiza canker Dothichiza populea Lombardy poplar<br />
Black knot Dibotryon morbosum Cherry and plum<br />
Fire blight Erwinia amylovorac Apples, pears, Sorbus and many<br />
other species<br />
Thyronectria canker Thyronectria<br />
austroamericana<br />
Honeylocust, mimosa<br />
Tubercularia canker Tubercularia ulmea Siberian elm, Russian olive<br />
Conifers<br />
Atropellis canker Atropellis pinicola Sugar, western white, ponderosa,<br />
lodgepole pines<br />
Atropellis piniphila Lodgepole pine<br />
Atropellis tingens Slash, shortleaf pine, and other<br />
hard pines<br />
Botryosphaeria canker Botryosphaeria ribis Giant sequoia and incense-cedar<br />
Cenangium canker Cenangium ferruginosum Jeffrey pine, other pines and true firs<br />
Cytospora canker Cytospora abietis True firs and Douglas-fir<br />
Dasyscyphus canker Dasyscyphus spp. Douglas-fir, pines and true firs<br />
Dermea canker Dermea pseudotsugae Douglas-fir and grand fir<br />
Phomopsis canker Diaporthe lokoyae Douglas-fir<br />
Pitch canker Fusarium subglutinans Monterey, Bishop, Alepp, and Italian<br />
(now F. circinatum) stone pines<br />
Diplodia canker Sphaeropsis sapinea Pines (a particular problem in<br />
(Diplodia pinea) Monterey pine in southern hemisphere<br />
plantations)<br />
(continued)
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