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the only available option will be working<br />

holiday makers and that there will not<br />

be enough of these workers to meet<br />

the demand.<br />

It was interesting to note that many<br />

participants thought that the answer to<br />

reducing the seasonal labour shortage was<br />

not recruiting and attracting more workers<br />

to the area. Three of the participants noted<br />

that better workplace practices are<br />

needed, and that the focus should be on<br />

effectiveness and effi ciency rather than<br />

cutting costs. Technology and innovation<br />

were seen by four participants as<br />

playing a role in the future, especially in<br />

packhouses. Streamlining work practices<br />

and technological advances can help to<br />

reduce the number of workers needed and<br />

therefore reduce the severity of the seasonal<br />

labour shortage. Although, as one grower<br />

summed it up, “there is no incentive at the<br />

moment to use technology due to the low<br />

price of labour.”<br />

CONCLUSION<br />

<strong>The</strong> study found that there was a high<br />

reliance on backpackers and migrants not<br />

only during harvest season but also year<br />

round. This is a clear indication of how<br />

severe the labour shortage is. <strong>The</strong>se results<br />

support the literature that foreign workers<br />

make up a signifi cant portion of the<br />

workforce, especially in areas that are<br />

experiencing skill or labour shortages. <strong>The</strong><br />

overall perception of the RSE is that it is a<br />

step in the right direction but it has some<br />

problems which need to be addressed.<br />

While the concern that the RSE legislation<br />

will increase costs and responsibilities for<br />

employers is justifi ed, employers can no<br />

longer expect workers to come to them,<br />

with the low levels of unemployment and<br />

high skill shortages that New Zealand is<br />

currently experiencing. A combination of a<br />

good reputation as an organisation and long<br />

term strategic planning is needed to attract<br />

both local and foreign staff. As one of the<br />

participants put it “this is a wakeup call for<br />

the industry.” Times have changed and the<br />

industry must move forward.<br />

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS<br />

<strong>The</strong> author wishes to thank all those who<br />

willingly gave up their time to participate in<br />

this study. Also Chris Gazley, Shane Max,<br />

and Todd Bridgman. This project was<br />

undertaken as a requirement for the<br />

completion of Bachelor of Commerce and<br />

Administration Honours (BCA Hons) at<br />

Victoria University. ■<br />

Seasonal labour is particularly important for harvesting and packing operations.<br />

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37

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