unbroken-laura-hillenbrand

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interview; Louis Zamperini, interview by George Hodak, Hollywood, Calif., June 1988, AAFLA. 35 “I didn’t only”: “Cheering Mass,” Torrance Herald, September 4, 1936. 36 Plans for 1940: “Runner Tells,” Torrance Herald, September 3, 1936; Louis Zamperini, telephone interview; Peter Zamperini, telephone interviews, October 15, 17, 19, 22, 2004. 37 Tokyo given 1940 Games: “Tokyo Prepares,” article from Zamperini scrapbook, August 1, 1936, NPN. Chapter 5: Into War 1 Payton Jordan: Payton Jordan, telephone interviews, August 13, 16, 2004. 2 High jumper on her bed: Sylvia Flammer, telephone interviews, October 25, 27, 2004. 3 Pranks: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview. 4 Sasaki: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview; Payton Jordan, telephone interviews, August 13, 16, 2004; Bruce Gamble, Black Sheep One: The Life of Gregory “Pappy” Boyington (Novato, Calif.: Presidio, 2000), p. 323; the following Kunichi Sasaki and James Kunichi Sasaki records from RG 331, RAOOH, WWII, 1907– 1966, SCAP, Legal Section, Administration Division and Prosecution Division, NACP: Kunichi Sasaki, Isamu Sato, Kazuo Akane, 1945–1948, Investigation and Interrogation Reports; Nakakichi Asoma et al., trial, exhibits, appeal, and clemency files; Nakakichi Asoma et al., 1945–1952, POW 201 File, 1945–1952, Charges and Specifications, 1945–1948. 5 Sasaki’s true college record: Harvard, Yale, Princeton, USC registrar archives; inquiries with
Degreecheck.com, April 2007. 6 Louie’s winning: George Davis, “Fresno Relays Are Next,” undated article in Zamperini scrapbook, NPN; “Zamperini Stars,” Los Angeles Examiner, May 8, 1938; “Zamperini, Day Smash Meet Marks,” undated 1938 article in Zamperini scrapbook, NPN. 7 Coach predicts world record: Lee Bastajian, “Trojans Meet Stanford,” undated spring 1938 article from Zamperini scrapbook, NPN. 8 Seabiscuit only runner to beat him: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview. 9 Cunningham prediction: George Davis, “Cunningham Predicts Zamperini Next Mile Champ,” undated 1938 article from Zamperini scrapbook, NPN. 10 Fastest mile projected to be 4:01.6: Brutus Hamilton, Amateur Athlete, February 1935. 11 Louie training on stairs: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview; Louis Zamperini, interview by George Hodak, Hollywood, Calif., June 1988, AAFLA. 12 First four-minute man: Charlie Paddock, “Sportorials,” undated April 1938 article from Zamperini scrapbook, NPN; George Davis, “For Sake of Sport,” Los Angeles Evening Herald and Express, undated 1938 article from Zamperini scrapbook; George Davis, “Cunningham Predicts Zamperini Next Mile Champ,” undated article from Zamperini scrapbook, NPN; “History of the Record for the Mile Run,” InfoPlease, www.infoplease.com (accessed July 9, 2004); Paul Scheffels, “4 Minute Mile Run Is Closer,” Modesto (Calif.) Bee, February 14, 1940. 13 Prerace warning: Louis Zamperini, telephone
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Also by Laura Hillenbrand SEABISCUI
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For the wounded and the lost
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PREFACE ALL HE COULD SEE, IN EVERY
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man under the raft.
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Courtesy of Louis Zamperini. Photo
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that summer, demolition was soon to
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in amazement. Soon after, on a pedi
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ants. In the lobby of the Torrance
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myth. Though Pete earned grades lit
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their chins, each waiting for the o
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As Louie prepared to start Torrance
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couldn’t kick free. In the back b
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1932. Pete had big plans for Louie.
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themselves and eating,” he said l
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Nearly every afternoon, he commuted
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Louie wins the 1933 UCLA Cross Coun
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he felt a tug of regret. He felt to
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July, and the Olympic committee wou
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5,000 qualifier, but the toe injure
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lead, with Bright in close pursuit.
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Louie and Lash at the finish line a
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Louie Zamperini was on his way to G
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unners were buffeted about, all sta
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at Hamburg, a doctor noted that qui
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were treated to a thunderous show t
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elax, knowing how far he had to go.
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miles ever run, the winner’s fina
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The guards conferred, went inside,
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around Tokyo, Japan. * Louie would
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Sasaki’s scholarliness; prior to
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Louie had a four-minute mile in him
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With a cracked rib and puncture wou
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Olympic stadium was partially colla
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warned military officials that a Ca
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In Texas, Louie was in a theater, o
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PART II
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in a police car, sirens blaring, sh
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uns, he had the Norden bombsight, a
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Ephrata, Washington, where there wa
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Russell Allen Phillips. Courtesy of
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Phil’s crew. Left to right: Phill
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turbulence; one slip and you’d tu
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another, in stereo, from a colonel
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and judging by their training score
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where they would serve. Judging by
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* In June 1941, the air corps becam
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involving all sixteen officers, Phi
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average. Louie’s bombing scores w
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Louie’s two proudest moments as a
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Waiting to fly. Courtesy of Louis Z
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ig news: The Japanese had built a b
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the bomb bay door control valve, an
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done. With the bomb bay yawning ope
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oadcasters had a different take. Th
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Moznette, had lived in the pornogra
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a result of enemy action. In many c
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they’d land simultaneously, with
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The risks of flying were compounded
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ditching, enabling the plane to flo
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thousands of square miles. The long
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The man’s boilersuit had been in
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letters to Cecy on an upturned box,
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* Two published accounts of this in
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Two days later, the men flew back t
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enforced their authority with the s
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ay, and the plane rocked again. At
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iplane. Its gunners shot down one Z
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The Zero had sprayed the entire rig
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arely keeping the plane up, and the
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crew would later report that not on
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he breathed. Pillsbury couldn’t b
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plane. Later, ground crewmen would
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Ten The Stinking Six AS EVENING FEL
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was alone. He had apparently been f
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Staff Sergeant Frank Rosynek huddle
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Japanese bombs lying in a neat row.
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through the holes, a shower of star
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mix up a crew, they have a crack up
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Eleven “Nobody’s Going to Live
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Green Hornet. Courtesy of Louis Zam
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Louie ran from the flight deck, yel
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He emerged in a puzzle of debris. H
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PART III
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Louie pulled out his raft’s oars,
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e unpalatably bitter so soldiers wo
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Louie came up with ground rules. Ea
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Thirteen Missing at Sea DAISY MAE T
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escue search was surely under way.
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The plane was Daisy Mae. Its crewme
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kidded around with them but now the
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In Saranap, California, Payton Jord
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frantic and confused and didn’t k
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overwhelming guilt. “If I had onl
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sweat and fuel from their pores, sl
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Louie used the pliers to tear the b
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October, a B-17 carrying Rickenback
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imaginary meal was prepared, the me
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and starvation loomed, this act too
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person had died naturally, would be
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have whisked it through the water a
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water. The men were able to keep th
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huddled there, watching bullets tea
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teeth, widened his eyes, and rammed
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after it, another. The men gripped
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ief sleep rotations. Once the top w
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far side of the earth’s tilt. The
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ocean. To Louie’s surprise, it wa
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In his Honolulu survival course, Lo
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over Mac and let the blood flow int
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In the morning, Phil wrapped Mac’
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Joyful and grateful in the midst of
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Japanese. As the days passed, more
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Phil and Louie had drifted into wha
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One of the Japanese opened his shir
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he arrived in Hawaii, noted that he
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men’s shoulders, and carried. Lou
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PART IV
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slashing gesture. He pointed to the
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into the pan and slurped up the wat
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een lost: dignity. This self-respec
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What did he know about the E-model
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at Louie. When his shift was up, he
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minutes, Louie’s entire body was
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law, put in contact with the Red Cr
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This clipping was in Louie’s wall
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could only just make out the silhou
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secret place, they could, and did,
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was another inspection outside, ano
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prejudices may still have been vuln
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out for gang attacks from his fello
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These murders were the first applic
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of Fitzgerald, clubbing him, jammin
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terrible curse. Jimmie Sasaki made
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emembered for descriptions of his m
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In a secret place inside his cell,
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The stealing left Ofuna in a state
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cigarettes, sank to the ground duri
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had arrived at Ofuna, he had asked
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this “plush” camp before the ca
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at any moment. What the Zamperinis
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On October 6, Louie’s army trunk
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emains of a wooden structure, saw s
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ponder what little they knew. They,
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or they would have notified us long
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Twenty-two Plots Afoot THE PLOT BEG
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was left of the Weasel’s bushy ey
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Tojo. He began to sound like he was
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memory, and the conviction that the
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y civilians, who beat them, struck
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coming. The Quack noticed something
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William Harris. Courtesy of Katheri
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Twenty-three Monster IT WAS LATE MO
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Louie and the other prisoners stood
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The corporal’s name was Mutsuhiro
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Japanese compensated the POWs for t
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sent Watanabe into an explosion. He
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Quack were simply goons, Watanabe c
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more. * In POW memoirs, Watanabe’
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then race in to choose his victim.
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on, they’d labor at the work site
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wrenched the pins and bolts out, an
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Thanks to the stealing, a black mar
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taken off work duty, losing half th
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oadcast. The Japanese had written i
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At ten minutes to six on the mornin
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arracks. The men shushed each other
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maternal sound, a sort of Awwww. He
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evening’s broadcast to tease the
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foremost in the country speak highl
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egan, “this is the postman callin
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Your loving son, Louie —— Later
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Twenty-six Madness THE RADIO TOKYO
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it. They had hidden him from the wo
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A B-29 over Japan. Associated Press
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epeatedly for five minutes, made hi
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down the line of terrified POWs, sw
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Four days before Christmas, a card
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Japanese photographers circled, sna
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The Bird was suspicious. After Toku
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Twenty-seven Falling Down AT OMORI,
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POWs were ordered to dig shelters.
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hooked up with a Japanese fighter a
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itterly cold. Fitzgerald, who had a
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Australian POWs—one in every five
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a few slices of vegetable. The drin
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anything like the backbreaking labo
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fight. Early the next morning, as t
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saliva. There was just one bathtub
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through the knothole hard enough to
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cramming handfuls of the animal’s
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growing number of B-29 sightings ov
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With the Bird out of the way, the m
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wrote POW Joe Byrne, “as if they
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captives, Allied fighters circled t
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Peenen, looked about him, considere
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“Goat die, you die,” the Bird s
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looked at the clock when Louie had
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was terrified. “I have changed my
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As the day’s first light walked o
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Thirty-one The Naked Stampede THE N
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against the sea and two rivers, and
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outage. A few men celebrated the pe
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—— On August 20, a white sky st
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torpedo bomber, which was swooping
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Thirty-two Cascades of Pink Peaches
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mountain to the nearest villages. T
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massacre had been imminent, it seem
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unning into the drop zone. Louie sa
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numbing statistics are untold numbe
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—— Everyone in camp was eager t
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children and Mom and Dad and home.
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Thirty-three Mother’s Day THE NAO
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Frank Tinker told him to talk to Lo
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more had been killed in action. Of
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families couldn’t rest easy. The
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Phillips’s telephone began ringin
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story, from the crash to Kwajalein
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was the woman whose image had susta
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“Cara mamma mia,” he whispered.
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PART V
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going to be just fine. Sylvia had a
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down and slept. In the morning, he
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in August. The man said that Mutsuh
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he nosed the car back in the drivew
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was trying to outlast the other. Si
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to California to get married. Cynth
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house, he became convinced that it
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honored in Tokyo’s Yasukuni Shrin
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with such force that his face turne
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on mattresses, ducked in terror whe
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Many felt lonely and isolated, havi
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homey. At the end of his first day
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sudden, loud sound, perhaps a car b
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Thirty-six The Body on the Mountain
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aired, worried that they’d suspec
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and willing instrument in Japan’s
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egular summer visit to his sister M
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door closed. The detectives left. M
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Thirty-seven Twisted Ropes LOUIE KN
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ound and round. He stopped the car
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Cynthia was distraught over what he
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Louie, after the war. Frank Tinker
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Thirty-eight A Beckoning Whistle FO
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the failure of the massive search.
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man mentioned that an evangelist na
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was taken in adultery, in the very
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Louie rose from his nightmares to f
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ody on a raft, dying of thirst. He
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Thirty-nine Daybreak ON A CHILLY FA
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As Louie looked at this last man, h
Page 523 and 524: EPILOGUE ON A JUNE DAY IN 1954, JUS
Page 525 and 526: kicking back on the first-class dec
Page 527 and 528: Louie, skateboarding at eighty-one.
Page 529 and 530: Allen Phillips with his children, C
Page 531 and 532: Bill Harris with his daughter Katey
Page 533 and 534: heavy-duty plastic bag to use as a
Page 535 and 536: city, and stopped before a house wi
Page 537 and 538: while wondering if he was free. Fin
Page 539 and 540: severe.” He made a fist and waved
Page 541 and 542: homes. In keeping with the goal of
Page 543 and 544: uneasy. “I wasn’t given militar
Page 545 and 546: If Watanabe received it, he never r
Page 547 and 548: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS “I’ll be an eas
Page 549 and 550: modest pilot known as Phil and unco
Page 551 and 552: he ran the Torrance track with Pete
Page 553 and 554: Bolling Air Force Base; Will Mahone
Page 555 and 556: generous, sharing his voluminous re
Page 557: NOTES All letters to or from Louis
Page 560 and 561: undated article from Zamperini scra
Page 562 and 563: 3 “like a huge shark”: Botting,
Page 564 and 565: 21 He was “bighearted”: Peter Z
Page 566 and 567: Zamperini scrapbook, NPN. 2 “the
Page 568 and 569: Kenneth Griffin, interview by Georg
Page 570 and 571: George A. Hodak, Downey, Calif., Ju
Page 572 and 573: 22 “Don’t let them see me!”:
Page 576 and 577: interview; Payton Jordan, telephone
Page 578 and 579: and Brigadier General Sherman Miles
Page 580: PART II Chapter 6: The Flying Coffi
Page 583 and 584: Grenz, 2004; Louis Zamperini, telep
Page 585 and 586: 24 “It’s the Flying Coffin”:
Page 587 and 588: Pacific,” unpublished memoir. 4
Page 589 and 590: 19 STEEL FILLS JAP SOX: Undated art
Page 591 and 592: 15 “We just sat there”: Martin
Page 593 and 594: interview. 2 Makin, Tarawa missions
Page 595 and 596: Fight: Lou Zamperini, Former Track
Page 597 and 598: Times, Wings Home Safely,” Richmo
Page 599 and 600: 17 Francis McNamara: Louis Zamperin
Page 601 and 602: Zamperini, telephone interview; Rus
Page 603 and 604: 8 Hours after crash: Louis Zamperin
Page 605 and 606: 1943, AFHRA, Maxwell AFB, Ala. 9
Page 607 and 608: 6 Fishing: “42nd Bombardment Squa
Page 609 and 610: interview. 25 Catching birds: Louis
Page 611 and 612: 5 Death of Mac: Louis Zamperini, te
Page 613 and 614: 8 Seeing planes: Ibid. 9 Capture: L
Page 615 and 616: they were on Wotje. Phil also state
Page 617 and 618: Olympic Miler, Is Safe After Epic O
Page 619 and 620: (accessed September 20, 2009); Loui
Page 621 and 622: Katsuo Kohara (Vol. I, Record of Tr
Page 623 and 624: 9 Phil doing calisthenics: Russell
Page 625 and 626:
38 Phil sent to Ashio: Kelsey Phill
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8 Sasaki’s sudden change: Ibid. 9
Page 629 and 630:
9 Watanabe’s history: Martindale,
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Zamperini, telephone interview. 5 A
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aircraft_id=82 (accessed October 15
Page 635 and 636:
3 Reason Louie spared from executio
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29 Red Cross packages delivered: No
Page 639 and 640:
translated from Norwegian by Nina B
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RAOOH, RG 331, NACP. 14 B-29 seen:
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16 “Frisco dive in ’45”: Knox
Page 645 and 646:
http://www.echigonagaoka.com/index.
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13 Rumors: Ken Marvin, telephone in
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1 End of war at Rokuroshi: Emerson,
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Times, September 16, 1945; “Jap S
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Chapter 33: Mother’s Day 1 POWs o
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28 Hospital parties: Louis Zamperin
Page 657 and 658:
PART V Chapter 34: The Shimmering G
Page 659 and 660:
Zamperini, letter to Edwin Wilber,
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38 Concerns about Applewhites: Loui
Page 663 and 664:
13 Louie’s torment, resumption of
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12 Watanabe in hiding: Mutsuhiro Wa
Page 667 and 668:
4 Meeting at restaurant: Mutsuhiro
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21 Louie’s last flashback: Louis
Page 671 and 672:
13 Life, death of Harris: Katey Mea
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27 “I was just in a great joy”:
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ABOUT THE AUTHOR LAURA HILLENBRAND
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