Wheat Diseases and Pests - Wheat Doctor - CIMMYT
Wheat Diseases and Pests - Wheat Doctor - CIMMYT
Wheat Diseases and Pests - Wheat Doctor - CIMMYT
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Black Molds (Sooty Molds)<br />
Alrernaria, Cladosporium, Stemphylium, Epicoccum<br />
<strong>and</strong> other species<br />
Symptoms: The typical symptom is the blackened<br />
appearance of mature or dead spikes, caused by a<br />
superficial accumulation of mycelia <strong>and</strong> sporulating<br />
fungal tissue (47).<br />
Development: When wet or humid weather occurs<br />
at or near crop maturation, or when plants are<br />
heavily infested with aphids, or when plants die<br />
prematurely, they may be invaded by one or more<br />
of these fungi. Technically, black molds do not<br />
constitute a disease, since the fungi are<br />
saprophytic <strong>and</strong> invade only dead or dying plant<br />
tissue.<br />
HostslDistribution: Black molds affect any kind of<br />
dead or dying plant tissue; distribution is<br />
worldwide.<br />
Importance: Black molds generally are not<br />
economically important. Under humid or rainy<br />
conditions, the fungi can invade mature kernels,<br />
causing discoloration, black point, or smudge.
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