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GAUTENG DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION<br />

SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION<br />

1<br />

DANCE HG<br />

(First <strong>Paper</strong>)<br />

POSSIBLE ANSWERS / MOONTLIKE ANTWOORDE<br />

OCTOBER/ OKTOBER / NOVEMBER 2005<br />

609-1/1 K<br />

Q 1 ATTENDANCE OF A DANCE WORK; DANCE COMPANIES [14]<br />

1.1 Critical review: Local/international work on stage/ circuit/video for Film Finesse<br />

Credit for writing style: summary of info in a block, then review in full sentences<br />

(8)<br />

Open choice; must be 2004/2005 dance production<br />

+1<br />

Subsections<br />

1.1.1 Title of dance work Kopano 1<br />

1.1.2 Company, main artists South African Ballet Theatre / Burnise Sylvius,<br />

Admill Kuyler 1<br />

1.1.3 Date (month, year), venue April 2003 (0,5) Civic Theatre Johannesburg (0,5)<br />

1<br />

1.1.4 Choreographer(s) Kaloyan Boyadjiev 1<br />

1.1.5 Set/costume designer(s) Kaloyan Boyadjiev made by Glyn Barry 1<br />

1.1.6 Composer(s)/Performer(s) Mozart: Piano sonatas K545 and K333, 2 nd<br />

EXAMPLE:<br />

movements Miriam Makena: Hauteng with African<br />

drumming 1<br />

1.1.7 Brief description of content of plot The choreographer writes about the work:<br />

“I grew up in Europe and was educated and trained within a European cultural milieu,<br />

and later lived in South African for several years, so the opposites of diverse cultures<br />

intrigue me. In this piece I attempt to explore ways in which my native European<br />

background and adopted African experience can be melted in music and dance that<br />

unites the splendours of both worlds. It is said that successful compromise is when<br />

both sides feel they have surrendered something. I have not sought to compromise but<br />

to celebrate in such a way that both sides feel they have gained something.”<br />

1<br />

1.1.8 Choreographic style Classical Ballet 1<br />

1.2 State function for international celebrities: An international OR SA company. 6<br />

Credit for a formal letter (Writing style) to organisers to name the company<br />

1.2.1 EXAMPLE:<br />

SABT Name: South African Ballet Theatre 1<br />

Artistic management: Any ONE of the following: 0.5<br />

CEO: Dirk Badenhorst;<br />

Rehearsal Director: Angela Malan;<br />

General Manager: Fiona Budd;<br />

Ballet Masters: Iain MacDonald and Kimbrian Bergh;<br />

Ballet Mistress: Karen Beukes;<br />

Teachers: Natasha Ireland, Christian Tatchev, Angela Malan, Karen Beukes, Iain<br />

MacDonald;<br />

Pianists: Charl du Plessis, Ferdi Geyer;<br />

Administration: Dirk Badenhorst, Leon Bezuidenhout, Fiona Budd, Mandy-Lee<br />

Harrison, Jonathan Hurwitz;<br />

Wardrobe Mistress: Anna Matea<br />

+1


2<br />

609-1/1 K<br />

Lead dancers: Any ONE of the following: 0.5<br />

Kimbrian Bergh, Karen Beukes, Anya Carstens, Iain MacDonald,<br />

Angela Malan, Burnise Sylvius, Christian Tatchev, Andries Weidemann.<br />

1.2.2 Brief history (Answers are open-ended; Other facts can also be relevant.)<br />

The SABT was founded after the regional arts councils, PACT Ballet Company and The<br />

State Theatre Ballet were phased out. The SABT, now located at the Nelson Mandela<br />

Theatre (former Civic Theatre) in Johannesburg aims, amongst others, to build on the<br />

foundations laid by generations of dancers and artists, to retain a high technical standard,<br />

to build a wide repertoire, to work with local and international choreographers and to train<br />

dancers. Since 1995, the SABT has run outreach programmes in Mamelodi, Alexandra<br />

and Kahtlehong, sponsored by the Anglo American Chairman’s Fund, De Beers Fund<br />

and Standard Bank. In 2002 the South African Ballet School was started. The school<br />

teaches classical ballet according to the RAD method as well as contemporary dance<br />

1<br />

and offers body conditioning classes.<br />

Choreographic style (Other facts can also be relevant.)<br />

Ballet (also referred to as ‘classical dance’). Evidence of this style seen in the stance,<br />

turn-out, placing (alignment, épaulement), balance, use of the head, legs, feet, arms and<br />

body according to certain rules, the transference of weight, lifts, the five positions of the<br />

feet, co-ordination in dance, the creation of an illusion of weightlessness and<br />

effortlessness, the grooming of the dancers, the point-work, the tutus, etc.<br />

1<br />

1.2.3 Repertoire (Other productions can be mentioned.) Titles of TWO works, e.g. 2003:<br />

Papillon, Hamlet; 2004: Kopano, Who Cares, Schlager<br />

2<br />

Q2 DANCE VOCATIONS [10]<br />

Copy and complete table. Job related to each area (5) + Responsibilities of each (5)<br />

Open-ended answers. Possible answers + mark allocation:<br />

Areas of employment A job related to each Responsibilities<br />

Entertainment Industry Producer/Director (1) To audition dancers and produce/direct a dance<br />

show (1)<br />

Journalism Reporter (1) To attend productions and report objectively (1)<br />

Dance Education Dance Teacher (1) To facilitate and assess learning experiences (1)<br />

Dance Administration Administrator (1) To capture and update data regularly and correctly<br />

(1)<br />

Dance Therapy Physiotherapist (1) To treat dance injuries without causing more<br />

damage (1)<br />

Q3 DANCE IN PERSONAL LIFE AND THE COMMUNITY [14]<br />

3.1 ONE social issue: HIV/Aids / Drug prevention/ Crime prevention.<br />

Is it necessary for dancers to be involved? Substantiate in a short paragraph.<br />

Open-ended answers; learners’ own account. Possible mark allocation:<br />

A professional, convincing writing style is required.<br />

(3)<br />

Issues such as HIV/Aids, drug abuse, crime, rape, hijacking, armed robbery, etc. can also affect<br />

dancers. (1)<br />

Dancers must be involved in social issues – it is a social responsibility (1). Dancers can get involved in<br />

- making people aware of the origin and impact of these abuses on individuals and families by<br />

spreading information through shows, brochures, etc. (1)<br />

- informing an audience about leading a healthy life style to prevent HIV/Aids, drug abuse, etc (1)<br />

- planning projects to keep street children (potential criminals) off the street (1)<br />

- organizing on-going activities in creative movement, regular dance performances, etc. (1)<br />

- turning potential criminals into creative individuals leading who lead a healthy life-style (1)<br />

- developing entrepreneurial skills in the community by which an income could be generated<br />

- promoting healing in the community (1)


3<br />

609-1/1 K<br />

3.2 What is creative movement? Why is it of value in schools? (5)<br />

Dance Creative Movement provides learners with the opportunity to:<br />

•<br />

•<br />

•<br />

•<br />

•<br />

•<br />

•<br />

•<br />

•<br />

•<br />

Develop an understanding and appreciation of dance<br />

Experience dance as a cultural art form in its own right<br />

Develop movement as a means of communication<br />

Gain an understanding and tolerance of cultural diversity through experiencing the<br />

dance forms of many different cultures.<br />

Increase listening skills, concentration, co-ordination and focus<br />

Encourages the maintenance of a healthy body and mind and the development of<br />

gross and fine motor activities<br />

Stimulate creative potential and imagination<br />

Become proficient in problem solving, decision making and negotiating skills,<br />

through group and social interaction<br />

Promote an awareness of all related aspects of dance, e.g. composing, performing,<br />

appreciating, teaching, researching or documenting...<br />

Use the creative movement teaching methodology in other areas of the curriculum<br />

such as in mathematics and language. Learn through doing,<br />

not just watching,<br />

saying and hearing.<br />

3.3 Produce and direct a dance show in community. List steps to plan this.<br />

Open-ended answers; learners’ own account. Possible mark allocation:<br />

Facts relating to the following can be considered; other relevant aspects could also be<br />

correct:<br />

Organizing committee/Venue/Date (1)<br />

Budget/Funding(1)<br />

Planning/Liaison (1)<br />

Programme/Auditions (1)<br />

Costumes/Décor/ Lighting/Music (1)<br />

Marketing/Advertising (1)<br />

Stage/Foyer/Refreshments management (1)<br />

(6)<br />

Q4 DANCE STYLE / FIELD OF DANCE Market your favourite dance form/field [14]<br />

E.g. - African Dance - Dance Composition (Choreography)<br />

Choose - Ballet - Folk Dance (Character National)<br />

- Jazz<br />

- Latin American<br />

Dancing<br />

ONE of: - Ballroom Dancing - Greek Dance (Ginner method) - Spanish Dance<br />

- Contemporary<br />

dance<br />

Indian Dance (North OR South) - Tap Dance<br />

• ARTICLE for school yearbook + Eye-catching HEADING for the article<br />

Eye-catching (creative) heading (0.5) Writing style, e.g. intro; body; conclusion (0.5)<br />

(1)<br />

• History, background or origin of dance form/field (introduction). Open-ended, e.g.<br />

Example:<br />

Ballet (or Classical Dance):<br />

Ballet or classical dance is one of the oldest styles of dance (a dancing statue was found in<br />

Egyptian times).<br />

King Louis XIV was one of the first ballet dancers; high-heeled shoes; Marie Taglione: pointe<br />

shoes, tutu, etc.<br />

Through the years an extensive repertoire has been created, including story ballets and<br />

abstract ballets.<br />

A variety of music can be used to accompany ballets, including folk, medieval, classical,<br />

romantic, jazz, etc.


,,<br />

4<br />

609-1/1 K<br />

• Principles which underpin the dance form (4)<br />

1 Stance: Position taken; standing correctly<br />

2 Turn-out: Rotary motion to view<br />

3 Placing: Arranging things in their proper place to achieve an ordered balanced from<br />

3.1 Alignment: Bringing into line, especially bringing three or more points into line<br />

3.2 Epaulement: and/or legs, the extent of which must be finely judged, but which will<br />

depend on the context.<br />

4 Laws of balance: A counterpoise (or things) in order to maintain equilibrium. Conforms to<br />

other basic rules, i.e.<br />

5 The basic rules of classic technique: These include Rules of the Head, Legs, Arms and Body<br />

6 Transference of weight: To convey or hand over one thing or person to another place or<br />

person. These include:<br />

6.1 The five positions of the feet<br />

6.2 The five jumps; From: 2 feet to 2 feet; 2 feet to 1 foot; 1 foot to 2 feet; 1 foot to the<br />

other; all on one leg<br />

7 Co-ordination: To bring proper parts into proper relationship<br />

The seven movements of dance: Plier (to bend). Étendre (to stretch), Relever (to rise). Sauler (to jump)<br />

Élancer (to dart), Glisser (to glide), Tourner (to turn)<br />

• Famous performer (career and achievements) – an open choice; check carefully if facts<br />

are correct incorporate an Internet search to verify facts.) Example:<br />

Any FOUR facts<br />

listed below<br />

(4)<br />

Baryshnikov, Mikhail Nikolayevich Soviet-born dancer, noted for his technical prowess and engaging<br />

stage personality. (1) Born in Riga (in present-day Latvia) in 1948 (1), Baryshnikov studied ballet since<br />

age 15 in Riga and in Leningrad (1), joining the Kirov Ballet (now the Saint Petersburg Ballet) in 1967<br />

(1). As a soloist and later as a principal dancer with the Kirov, he appeared in classical ballets setting<br />

new standards for technical virtuosity. (1) He also created roles in newly choreographed ballets, (1)<br />

including Vestris (1969), Hamlet (1970), AND The Creation of the World (1971). (1) Baryshnikov<br />

defected to the West in 1974 while touring Canada with the Bolshoi Ballet. (1) He later danced primarily<br />

with the American Ballet Theatre (1) (serving as its director from 1980 to 1989) (1) and the New York<br />

City Ballet. (1) Baryshnikov performed in a broad array of works, from classical ballets to more modern<br />

dance roles, (1) employing a range of styles for works by such choreographers as George Balanchine, a<br />

Russian-born American, (1) American Twyla Tharp (1) and Jerome Robbins (1) e.g. Don Quixote (1),<br />

Who cares (1), Apollo (1) etc.<br />

In 1990, with American choreographer Mark Morris, Baryshnikov founded a modern dance company,<br />

the White Oak Dance Project. (1) The group initially performed only works by Morris, but then<br />

expanded its repertoire to include choreography by Robbins; Tharp; Merce Cunningham and Kevin<br />

O’Day, from the United States; German-American Hanya Holm; and Joachim Schlömer, from Germany.<br />

(1) As an actor, Baryshnikov has appeared in motion pictures such as The Turning Point (1978), for<br />

which he was nominated for an Oscar (1) and White Nights (1985) (1), and in a play, Metamorphosis<br />

(1989) (1), based on a story by Kafka. He is often chosen as host for documentaries, e.g. the ABC<br />

television special, Baryshnikov on Broadway.<br />

(1) In 2004 he starred in a number of episodes in the TV<br />

series Sex and the City.<br />

(1)<br />

• Relevance of the dance form / field of dance today (conclusion)<br />

Learners’ own account / Open-ended answers, e.g.<br />

Diverse cultural groups enjoy Ballet - as performers on stage and/or as audience-goers.<br />

It is an internationally recognized dance form and is used in the art and commercial world.<br />

Ballet training in early life can later serve as a basis for any other dance style or field of dance.<br />

Many choreographers combine ballet with dance forms such as tap, African, folk, jazz, etc. in<br />

fusion works.<br />

(2)


5<br />

609-1/1 K<br />

Q5 CHOREOGRAPHERS Choose ONE from Guideline Document<br />

[14]<br />

To introduce ONE SA choreographer to the audience at the FNB Dance Umbrella.<br />

OPEN CHOICE: Example and possible mark allocation. Choose ONE:<br />

Cekwana, Cranko, Glasser, Gorden, Hawkins, Mantsoe, Matamela, Maqoma, Orlin, Paeper,<br />

Pather, Semela, Staff<br />

To be done as CUE CARDS (1 extra for intro and cue card style – if mark total allows.)<br />

5.1 Name of Dance Career (3)<br />

EXAMPLE: Robyn ORLIN<br />

± 25 years’ experience: Dancer, performer, choreographer, producer, teacher, artist<br />

Training and degrees in Arts Education:<br />

1991-93 Master in Fine Arts – Chicago<br />

1985: Laban School, University of London<br />

1975- 79: London School of Contemporary Dance<br />

1965- 72: RAD (London) Grades and Diplomas<br />

5.2 Achievements and Awards (4)<br />

2002: Laurence Olivier Award (London): Most Outstanding Achievement in Dance for daddy<br />

2000: Jan Faber Award (Paris) for Most Subversive Choreography for daddy (see full title below)<br />

1996: Special Award: Contribution to Contemporary Dance in SA<br />

1985- 1998: Five FNB Vita Choreography Awards<br />

5.3 Choreographic style and THREE examples of dance works (4)<br />

Choreographic style (1):<br />

ONE fact, e.g. post-modernism; contemporary dance; integration of multi-media, etc.<br />

Three works (3):<br />

2001: we must eat our suckers with the wrappers on (FNB Dance Umbrella; 2003 to France and<br />

Germany)<br />

1998: the future may be bright but it’s not necessarily orange (2002: Montpellier Dance Festival,<br />

France)<br />

1998: daddy I’ve seen this piece six times before and I still don’t know why they’re hurting each<br />

other (SA, France, The Netherlands, Norway, Greece, Sweden)<br />

1997: ubu and the truth commission (multi-media production with Kentridge and handsprung<br />

puppets)<br />

1995: naked on a goat (Market Theatre Jhb, Poland, Switzerland, Germany)<br />

1993: upsy-daisy (solo; Blue Rider Theatre, Chicago, Art Institute of Chicago)<br />

5.4 Additional interests and current involvement (3)<br />

Related Experience (± 1 or 2)<br />

- Choreographic workshops nationally and internationally (Japan, Greece, Paris)<br />

- Teacher at NSA (1998-2001), PACT Dance Co (1988-89), Market Theatre Laboratory<br />

(1996-2003)<br />

Inaugurated dance departments: Funda Art <strong>Centre</strong>, Soweto; FUBA (Federated Union of Black<br />

Artists)<br />

Guest choreographer: France, Holland, Germany<br />

Current involvement (± 1 or 2)<br />

2004: the babysitting series...part 2 (Jhb Art Gallery, FNB Dance Umbrella). Originated in 2000:<br />

babysitting caspar<br />

in collaboration with guards: Der Alten Nationalgalerie, Berlin, funded by the<br />

Hauptstadtkulturfonds. An on-going project; will happen over next few years in museums around<br />

the world to culminate in a final presentation, still undecided.


6<br />

609-1/1 K<br />

Q6 DANCE WORKS Compare TWO works with bird images Examples<br />

[14]<br />

Swan Lake (1877) The title refers to swans (birds) (1) The title means “The Birds” (1)<br />

Choreographers: Petipa: Acts 1,3, Ivanov: Acts 2,4 (0,5) Choreographer: Vincent Sekwati Mantsoe (0,5)<br />

Characters Odette (the Swan Princess, Siegfried (prince), Characters: 5 dancers (from not<br />

Rothbart (magician) Odile (his daughter) (0,5)<br />

identified by name; they remain anonymous “birds”<br />

(0,5)<br />

Music: Peter llyich Tchaikovsky (0,5) Music: Gabrielle Roth (0,5)<br />

Storyline/Plot (± 2) Swans feature prominently. The historical background of (± 2)<br />

Prologue Odette and friends gather flowers in the Vincent Mantsoe was one of the first students of<br />

forest.<br />

the groundbreaking Moving Into Dance’s<br />

Rothbart, the evil sorcerer, transforms them into Teachers’ Training Course in 1992. Students<br />

swans.<br />

were required to choreograph solos at the end of<br />

Act1 Prince Siegfried is celebrating with his friends. each year and Vincent decided to choreograph<br />

His mother (Queen) gives him a silver crossbow. an untitled solo which generated a lot of interest.<br />

She reminds him that he must soon choose a bride. Vincent’s solo included elements of “bird-like”<br />

Siegfried sees a flock of swans; he goes to hunt movements. Two years later (1994) he<br />

them.<br />

choreographed the actual solo. The work was<br />

Act 2 Prince Siegfried with swans at the lake nominated for the FNB Choreography Award. In<br />

As he watches, they regain their human form. 1996 it was extended to a group piece and won<br />

Odette tells Siegfried of the spell: They are maidens two 1<br />

only at midnight. Only the love of a man can free<br />

them. The prince falls in love with Odette and vows<br />

he will release her from the magician’s spell.<br />

Rothbart, watching from the shadows, is determined<br />

to force the Prince to break his vow.<br />

Act 3 The court celebrates Siegfried’s coming of age<br />

No specific bird images in this act, except when<br />

Odile appears (disguised as Odette) wearing black.<br />

Odette appears (in white) as an image in a window.<br />

Act 4 At the lake<br />

The swan maidens’ hope of being free of the<br />

magician’s spell is destroyed by Siegfried’s betrayal<br />

of Odette. Odette appears (in white) as an image in<br />

a window. Siegfried begs Odette’s forgiveness and<br />

vows his love. The sorcerer conjures up a storm.<br />

Siegfried fights him, tears off a wing and breaks the<br />

sorcerer’s spell. Odette resumes her human form<br />

and is united with Siegfried in eternal happiness.<br />

st prizes in Angola and France:<br />

1 st prize in Luanda (Angola) at the 1 st<br />

Dance Encounters of Contemporary African<br />

Dance and<br />

1 st prize in Seine-Saint-Denis (France) at<br />

the 5 th Gule Matari (1994)<br />

Moving Into Dance –<br />

Gula Matari<br />

•<br />

•<br />

International Choreography<br />

Competition<br />

Influences (± 2): According to Mantsoe: “The<br />

‘Spirits’ or ‘Ancestors’ are an important part of<br />

his creative process. He performs a ritual at<br />

least twice a year for two reasons:<br />

1. to be reminded of important rules from the<br />

Ancestors<br />

2. to ask respectfully for permission to ‘borrow’<br />

some of the traditional movements, i.e. the<br />

sacred ones which may not be performed in<br />

public<br />

Mantsoe thus re-connects with his roots: He<br />

tries to share his childhood experiences of his<br />

interaction with Nature, the fables told by his<br />

grandmother and the rituals of his mother and<br />

aunt who are sangomas (traditional healers).<br />

The work was influenced by Mantsoe’s love of<br />

nature and its inhabitants, in this case, birds –<br />

how they move, the sounds they make and how<br />

they relate to each other.<br />

Costumes (± 1) Costumes in Acts 2 and 4 imitate<br />

swans: Swans maidens: white tutus, feathers on<br />

heads. Odette wears white (good); Odile (Act 3)<br />

wears black (evil).<br />

Rothbart (evil magician) has wings.<br />

Set design (± 1) When the swan maidens are<br />

prominent, the décor depicts a forest by a lake (Acts<br />

2 and 4)<br />

Costumes (± 1) Initially a T-shirt; later all<br />

dancers wear feathers. Designer: Vincent<br />

Sekwati Mantsoe<br />

Set design (± 1) No specific décor is used. The<br />

vast stage is left to the imagination of the<br />

audience.


Choreographic style (± 1) The movements of<br />

Odette and the swan maidens imitate the<br />

movements of swans - bent floor position with<br />

crossed arms, fluttering arms. The large group of<br />

swans ( corps de ballet)<br />

move perfectly together.<br />

Rothbart’s movements are big and intimidating –<br />

his big wings (attached to his arms) flutter<br />

ferociously.<br />

7<br />

609-1/1 K<br />

Q7 MUSIC THEORY [12]<br />

Q8 RUDIMENTS OF MUSIC<br />

Choreographic style (± 1) Mantsoe changes each<br />

dancer into a bird-being. Prominent movements:<br />

Arm movements imitate the motion of how birds<br />

fly; Back contractions; Head movements – chirpy<br />

and abrupt; Disjointed and staccato gestures;<br />

Stillness; Simplicity. Group formation resembles<br />

larger bird species.<br />

7.1 Andante = At a walking pace. (1)<br />

7.2 4/4 time signature = Four crotchets in a bar OR Simple quadruple time (1)<br />

7.3 Espress. Espressivo (0.5) Expressively (0.5) (1)<br />

Dim. Diminuendo (0.5) Getting gradually softer (0.5) (1)<br />

7.4 Play the bar one octave higher. (1)<br />

7.5 Minim (1), Dotted semiquaver (1), Demisemiquaver (1) (3)<br />

7.6 Quaver rest (1), Crotchet rest (1), Minim rest (1), Semibreve rest (1)<br />

(NB: Rest symbols must coincide with answers.<br />

Match the information in Column B with that in Column A.<br />

Write the correct alphabet letter next to each number. Example 8.13 C<br />

COLUMN A COLUMN B<br />

8.1 Chordophone G (Violin)<br />

8.2 Trombone K/E (Brass) OR (Aerophone)<br />

8.3 Forte<br />

F (Loud)<br />

8.4 Oboe E (Aerophone)<br />

8.5 Beat D (Pulse)<br />

8.6 Melody and accompaniment M (Homophonic)<br />

8.7 Polyphonic I (Two melodies)<br />

8.8 Marimba O (Idiophone)<br />

8.9 Gradually softer N (Decrescendo)<br />

8.10 Two-part form L (AB)<br />

8.11 High pitch A (Soprano)<br />

8.12 ABACA B (Rondo Form)<br />

[12]<br />

Q9 MUSIC STYLES Choose TWO music styles<br />

(African, Impressionism, Jazz, Nationalism, Romanticism)<br />

[12]<br />

9.1 TWO Characteristics of each style (melody, rhythm, dynamics, tone colour,<br />

harmony)<br />

9.2 TWO musicians (performers/composers) from each style period<br />

(4)


9.3 TWO works from each style period<br />

Example of a possible answer (NB: Other answers may also be correct. Check<br />

carefully.)<br />

IMPRESSIONISM JAZZ<br />

9.1 Rhythm: Avoidance of a recurring strong<br />

pulse which coincides with bar lines;<br />

flexible rhythm reflects the characteristic<br />

unaccented quality of French Language<br />

Tone colour: e.g. in Debussy’s music:<br />

Unusual registers for instruments<br />

Strings and brasses often muted<br />

Tremolos on strings and harp<br />

Tone colour used to create atmosphere<br />

9.2 Any TWO of the following: Debussy, Ravel,<br />

Respighi, Delius, Satie, Monet, Renoir,<br />

Mallarmé, Verlaine, etc.<br />

Q10 COMPOSERS Choose ONE composer.<br />

(Adam, Tchaikovsky, Naidoo, Satie, Stravinsky, Roth)<br />

Write brief notes for a website: Career, Music style, Repertoire for dance<br />

e.g. TCHAIKOVSKY (1840 - 1893) Example and possible mark allocation:<br />

8<br />

Rhythm: In ragtime the left hand keeps the<br />

constant two-beats-in-a-bar while the right<br />

hand plays off- beats and syncopations.<br />

Tone colour: Unique to each jazz style, e.g.<br />

Ragtime: piano; Dixieland: 5-8 players,<br />

namely<br />

• Front line (trumpet/cornet, clarinet,<br />

trombone);<br />

• Chordal line (piano/banjo/guitar);<br />

•<br />

Drums and a low instrument<br />

(tuba/bass)<br />

Any TWO of the following: Joplin,<br />

Armstrong, Smith, Brubeck, Ellington,<br />

Davis, Monk, Fitzgerald, etc.<br />

609-1/1 K<br />

9.3 Any TWO works, e.g. Clair de lune Any TWO works, e.g. Unsquare dance (4)<br />

L’aprés-midi di’un faune La Mer Hotter than that Lost your head blues<br />

Career (± 4)<br />

Age 21: Began studying music St Petersburg Conservatory; Progressed rapidly. Harmony professor<br />

Moscow Conservatory.<br />

Age 30: Many works: an opera, a tone poem, a symphony and an orchestral work Romeo and Juliet.<br />

1877: Acquired benefactress Nadezhda von Meck, She gave annuity. He quit position and only<br />

composed. They never met. After 14 years she stopped support. He was hurt. Tchaikovsky<br />

conducted his works and gained respect throughout Europe.<br />

1891: To New York to participate in inauguration of Carnegie Hall – 4 concerts. Also 2 concerts of his<br />

music in Baltimore and Philadelphia. 1893: Conducted premiere of Symphony No 6, Pathétique. Nine<br />

days later he died aged 53.<br />

Music style (± 5)<br />

Melody Lyrical melodies; Signature tunes refer to characters, e.g. Swan Lake (Odette, Siegfried,<br />

Rothbart).<br />

Regular 4- and 8- bar phrases as well as long, irregular phrases; Repeated melodies -<br />

easily sung<br />

Tone colour Large orchestras; Striking contrasts; Strings prominent in melodic lines; Woodwind and<br />

brass alternate; Special tone colour effects to create images, e.g. the various dances in<br />

The Nutcracker (celesta: Dance of Sugar Plum Fairy; piccolo: Chinese dance;<br />

woodwinds: Arabian dance; flutes: Dance of reed pipes, etc.)<br />

Dynamics Extremes and sharp contrasts of dynamics; Soft, lyrical passages, full of passion;<br />

Sometimes outcries with louder dynamics and fuller orchestration.<br />

Pulse, Rhythm, Tempo Great variety of metres and rhythmic patterns; Metres sometimes changed<br />

within movements; Sharp contrasts in tempo occur.<br />

Tonality Harmony: Major and minor tonality, often alternating; Chromatic notes extensively; Mild<br />

dissonances.<br />

(2)<br />

(2)<br />

(4)


Contribution to dance repertoire (± 3) Romantic ballets: The Nutcracker, Swan Lake,<br />

Sleeping Beauty.<br />

9<br />

609-1/1 K<br />

Texture Mostly homophonic textures; Sparse textures, e.g. romantic passages ( pas de deux)<br />

-<br />

solo instruments. Dense textures and vast orchestration in dramatic scenes.<br />

Q11 DANCE TYPES Choose THREE<br />

[12]<br />

Barcarole, Bolero, Cha-cha, Charleston, Flamenco, Foxtrot, Galop, Habañera, Kwela,<br />

Mambo, Mazurka, Mbaqanga, Minuet, Polka, Polonaise, Ragtime, Rumba, Samba,<br />

Tango, Tarantella, Waltz<br />

11.1 Write next to each dance: Tempo, Time signature, Country of origin<br />

An open choice, e.g.<br />

Dance type Tempo Time signature Country of origin<br />

Ragtime Moderate 2<br />

4<br />

America (3)<br />

Waltz Moderate/Fast 3<br />

4<br />

Austria (3)<br />

Tango Moderate 4<br />

4<br />

Argentina (3)<br />

11.2 Choose ONE of the above. Exercise in a dance class. Open-ended answers. (3)<br />

Example: TANGO<br />

•<br />

•<br />

•<br />

To reinforce the count of four beats in a bar (simple quadruple): strong-weak-medium-weak<br />

To inculcate the subdivision of four beats in a bar according to the typical tango rhythm<br />

To interpret the dramatic-sensual style correctly when performing the Latin-American dance

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