IYP Athens Oct/Nov 2009 (6MB) - In Your Pocket GmbH

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whAt to see
Hadrian’s Gate
Hadrian’s Gate F7, Amalias Ave. Built by Athenians
in honour of the the Roman Governor Hadrian 131AD, the
gate bears two inscriptions - the first, facing the Acropolis,
reads ‘This is Athens, the ancient city of Theseus’, and the
other, facing the Temple of Olympian Zeus and the centre
of the Roman city, reads ‘This is the city of Hadrian and
not of Theseus’. The monument attempts to harmoniously
combine architectural elements typical of both Roman (such
as the arch) and Greek (colonnades) traditions.
The Ancient Agora D5, MMonastiraki, Thissio, tel.
210 3210185. The Agora was the heart of the public life of
the city - its religious, political and commercial centre, where
Athenian Democracy was born and flourished. The Agora was
a large, open square that provided a forum for social and
cultural activity, commercial exchange, religious festivals,
open-air theatrical performances and athletic contests.
From the 6th century BC, the area was gradually surrounded
by public buildings that were rebuilt over the course of some
800 years while the Agora remained the centre of Athens. It
was traversed by the Panathenaic Way and by the West Road.
Tradition has it that Europe’s first law court in Europe was on
the Areopagus, next to the Ancient Agora. The nearby hill of
the Pnyx is another unique site, where the meetings of the
Assembly of the ‘Demos’ (Public Assembly of the Citizens),
were held. The Ancient Agora and Areopagus site covers an
area of about 400,000 sq.m. northwest of the Acropolis.
QOpen 08:00 - 20:00, Mon Museum opens at 11:00.
Admission: €12 (or pass) Concessions: €6
The Western Hills C6,7, The Western Hills (Hill of the
Muses or Philopappus Hill, the Pnyx and the Hill of the Nymphs)
site covers 680,000 sq.m. to the west of the Acropolis. It was
an important and densely inhabited section of the ancient
city, with many important road axes. The Pnyx is dominated
by the site where meetings of the Assembly of the Demos,
the principal institution of Athenian Democracy, were held.
Philopappus Hill is crowned by the monument of the same
name as well as a modern Observatory. The Philopappus
monument is a funerary stele erected in 114-116AD by the
Athenians in honour of Caius Julius Antiochus ‘Philopappus’,
the exiled prince of Commagene (a kingdom in south-east Asia
Minor that had just been conquered by the Roman Empire).
Athens In Your Pocket
The Roman Agora
The Roman Agora and the Library of Hadrian
E5, The 28,000 sq.m. site of the Roman Agora and the
Library of Hadrian includes the two large Roman monuments
north of the Acropolis and east of the Ancient
Agora. The Roman Agora was the centre of commercial
activity of the city during Roman times, while the Library
of Hadrian housed the state archives and philosophical
Academies and was its spiritual, educational and cultural
centre. The Roman Agora was constructed by the Roman
emperor Augustus (between 19 and 11 BC) to accommodate
the commercial enterprises of the city, with
shops, storerooms and offices. The Library of Hadrian
was built as part of a project to re-design Athens by
Hadrian in 132 AD to house the city’s largest library, the
state archives and philosophical schools. The site also
features monuments such as the Water Clock (Horologion)
or Tower of the Winds - with its ornate sculpted
depictions of wind-gods, wind vanes, sundials and a
complicated internal water-clock - built around 50BC by
Macedonian astronomer Andronikos Kyrrhestes, as well
as the Vespasianae (public latrines), the Agoranomeion
and the Fethiye Mosque (Tzami). North of the Roman
Agora is the Medrese (Seminary) and to the south the
Mosque. A section of the Late Roman fortification wall
and a four-apse early Christian can be seen within the
Library of Hadrian.
This area, mythically connected with the Amazonomachy,
was first inhabited during the 6th century BC. During the 5th
century BC, it was one of the most densely populated parts
of ancient Athens including two well-known ‘demes’ (districts),
Melite and Koile. The ancient Koile road, running from Athens
to the port of Piraeus, was a most important commercial and
strategic thoroughfare.
The shorter winter timetable will commence
in the beginning of November. The exact date
changes every year so it is advisable to call each
museum or archaelogical site before your visit.
whAt to see
The Parthenon Lysikrates Monument
Parthenon E6, MAcropolis, tel. 210 3214172. Built
between 447-437BC, during the ‘Golden Age’ of Athens
under Pericles, the Parthenon is a world famous sight.
Its design harmoniously combines the Doric and Ionic
orders, and its architectural and structural details and
the precision in the carving of the marble are a testament
to the expertise in the artisans that created it. Further,
the décor of the Parthenon and its surrounding monuments
had a profound and lasting influence on Western
art (especially sculpture and portraiture), as it depicted
the human form in an individualised manner for the first
time. These artistic innovations fuelled developments
that influenced the art of Hellenistic and Roman times,
as well as the Renaissance, Baroque, Romanticism and
Neoclassicism. QOpen 08:00 - 20:00. Admission: €12,
Concessions: €6 (four day pass)
Panathenaic Stadium
Panathenaic Stadium H7, Arditos Hill, tel. 210
3251744. A Stadium existed on this site from as early
as the 4th century BC, when it was used for the mystical
Ceremonies held for the Panathenaic Festival in honour
of Athena, patron-goddess of the City of Athens. Roman
governor Hadrian had also constructed a Stadium at this
site, where gladiatorial contests and shows were put on for
the Athenian public. The ancient Stadium was completely
restored, as an exact replica of the Ancient Stadium, in the
late 19th century, in order to host the first modern Olympiad
(1896). During the Athens Olympic Games of 2004, this
gleaming white Pentelic-marble Stadium provided the venue
for the archery event as well as for the culmination of the
Marathon Run. Visitors can walk up to the Stadium but are
not allowed to enter its grounds.
Lysikrates Monument F7, Lysicratous Square and
Tripodon St, Plaka, MSyntagma. This monument commemorates
the support of its benefactor-founder of a theatrical
performance at the nearby theatre of Dionysus, the
earliest theatre in the world - that’s the answer in case you
wonder just what that strange structure on Tripodon Street
is. It was built in 335BC by Lysicrates and is also known as
the “Lantern of Diogenes” in reference to its unusual shape.
The circular building rests on a square shaped limestone
podium and includes a portico of six Corinthian columns.
It also has a frieze featuring the life of Dionysos, the god of
wine and revelry. In 1669, the structure was handed over
to Capucin monks, who used it as a study room. The Lysicrates
monument is the best preserved of its kind, mainly
due to the efforts of French archaeologists Fr. Boulanget
and E. Loviot who restored the area in 1887.
Temple of Olympian Zeus
Temple of Olympian Zeus F7, Vasilissis Olgas &
Amalias, MAcropolis, tel. 210 9226330. Construction
of the temple began in the 6th century BC under the tyrants
Hippias and Hipparchos, at the site of the ruins of an earlier
temple built by their father, the tyrant Peisistratus. The
Temple stood unfinished throughout the ‘Golden Century’
of Athens and was only completed by Roman governor Hadrian,
known as the ‘Philhellene’, in 132AD. The Temple was
huge by ancient standards, rivalling other colossal famous
Temples such as the Heraion in Samos, and featured a large
gold and ivory statue of Zeus in its cella. Today, only fifteen
of its original 104 columns are still standing. A sixteenth
column lies on the ground, where it fell during a storm in
the 19th century. QOpen 08:00 - 20:00. Admission: €2,
Free for pass holders.
A four day pass costing €12 (concessions €6) will get you
in: The Acropolis, the Ancient Agora & museum, Kerameikos
& museum, the Roman Agora, Acropolis’ North
& South Slopes and the Temple of Olympian Zeus.
athens.inyourpocket.com athens.inyourpocket.com
October - November 2009
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