HANGING – OFF AN ANCHOR PURPOSE OF OPERATION ... - Rajnav
HANGING – OFF AN ANCHOR PURPOSE OF OPERATION ... - Rajnav
HANGING – OFF AN ANCHOR PURPOSE OF OPERATION ... - Rajnav
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<strong>H<strong>AN</strong>GING</strong> <strong>–</strong> <strong><strong>OF</strong>F</strong> <strong>AN</strong> <strong>AN</strong>CHOR<br />
<strong>PURPOSE</strong> <strong>OF</strong> <strong>OPERATION</strong>:<br />
To remove the anchor out of the hawse pipe and enable the vessel to be moored to a buoy or towed using the<br />
anchor chain through the hawse pipe.<br />
MATERIALS REQUIRED FOR A 10 TONNE <strong>AN</strong>CHOR:<br />
1. 3 Nos of 30 mm wire (SWL 6.0 tonnes) <strong>–</strong> For 1 st Easing wire<br />
2 nd Easing wire<br />
Preventer wire<br />
2. shackles with SWL of 6 tonnes<br />
3. Other tools required to carry out the operation as per normal seamanship practices.<br />
SEQUENCE <strong>OF</strong> <strong>OPERATION</strong>:<br />
1. Walk back the anchor clear of the hawse pipe.<br />
2. Secure one end of the 1 st easing wire on the mooring bit.<br />
3. Pass the other end through the panama lead, through the anchor crown D shackle (as a bight) and back<br />
through the Panama lead on to the warping drum of the windlass.<br />
4. Rig a preventer wire (as a bight) through the anchor crown D shackle, pass it through the fairlead well<br />
forward and secure it on the mooring bits.<br />
5. Ensure there is sufficient slack on the preventer wire.<br />
6. Slack on the anchor chain until the preventer becomes taut and the 1 st easing wire is up and down and the<br />
anchor is under the shoulder.<br />
7. Continue to walk back the chain until the next joining shackle is on the deck.<br />
8. Heave on the 1 st easing wire and secure the anchor in the up and down position.<br />
9. Rig up the 2 nd easing wire forward of the joining shackle (on a bight) and take up the weight of the chain.<br />
10. Break the joining shackle.<br />
11. Walk back the 2 nd easing wire to bring the end of the cable clear of the hawse pipe.<br />
12. Recover this end of the cable using rope hawsers through the Panama lead.<br />
13. Now walk back the anchor chain through the hawse pipe and the cable is now ready for towing or mooring<br />
operation.
MEDITERR<strong>AN</strong>E<strong>AN</strong> MOOR<br />
<strong>PURPOSE</strong>:<br />
When the quay space is restricted and it is required to berth several vessels or when a stern discharge/loading is<br />
required, the Mediterranean moor is used.<br />
ADV<strong>AN</strong>TAGES:<br />
1. A number of vessels can be moored to a single berth.<br />
2. Stern discharge/loading can be achieved.<br />
DISADV<strong>AN</strong>TAGES:<br />
1. Dry cargo vessels can discharge only into barges.<br />
2. In bad weather chances of fowling cables, especially with many vessels moored close-by.<br />
SEQUENCE <strong>OF</strong> <strong>OPERATION</strong>:<br />
1. Vessel to approach middle of berth to its Port side.<br />
2. Engine speed DS Ahead.<br />
3. Vessel should be as parallel as possible to the berth.<br />
4. Let go the offshore anchor and continue steaming round the anchor with the engine H ahead and helm<br />
hard over to Stbd.<br />
5. Continue paying out the cable as the vessel moves ahead.<br />
6. Let go inshore anchor and engines on H Astern, paying out on the 2 nd anchor and picking up slack on the<br />
offshore anchor.<br />
7. The transverse thrust due to stern propulsion will swing the vessel’s bow to Stbd.<br />
8. Stop the engines and check the stern way of the vessel by braking on the cable.<br />
9. Manoeuvre the vessel within to heaving line distance to the quay by use of engines and cables.<br />
10. Pass the stern moorings to the quay.<br />
11. Once moorings are on the quay, heave on the cables and vessel is in position.
<strong>PURPOSE</strong>:<br />
Clearing a foul anchor.<br />
CLEARING A FOUL HAWSE<br />
VARIOUS METHODS AVAILABLE:<br />
1. If the foul is only one turn this can be cleared by using the engines and steaming in the opposite direction<br />
during the change of the tide.<br />
2. Using a tug from the stern of the vessel, steam around till the turns are removed.<br />
3. Hire a motorised barge, break the sleeping cable, lower into the barge and use the barge to clear the foul.<br />
4. Use the manpower and expertise available as follows:<br />
MATERIALS REQUIRED:<br />
1. Natural fibre rope for lashing.<br />
2. Preventer wire<br />
3. Wire rope messenger<br />
4. Temporary easing wire<br />
5. Other equipment as required in good seamanship for carrying out this operation safely.<br />
SEQUENCE <strong>OF</strong> <strong>OPERATION</strong>:<br />
1. The time available for this operation is approx. 6 hours from the end of last tide to the beginning of the<br />
next tide.<br />
2. All preparations should be done well in advance and the clearing of the foul hawse should start<br />
immediately at the end of the last tide.<br />
3. Pick up the riding cable so as to have the foul clear of the water.<br />
4. Lash the natural fibre rope above the foul (if the lashing is made after the turns and the tide changes before<br />
completion of the operation, the full weight of the vessel at anchor would come on the lashing which is a<br />
highly undesirable condition).<br />
5. Rig a wire preventer from the Stbd side lead through the sleeping cable after the lashing.<br />
6. Heave up the preventer wire and have it lashed on the mooring bitt. This will prevent the cable being lost.<br />
7. The preventer wire should be rigged in such a manner so that it may be slipped from the deck upon<br />
clearing the foul.<br />
8. Walk back the sleeping cable till the next joining shackle is on deck.<br />
9. Rig up a easing wire on the shackle forward of the joining shackle and on to the warping drum and take<br />
the weight on the easing wire.<br />
10. Break open the kenter shackle and the weight of the sleeping cable is now on the easing wire.<br />
11. Rig a wire rope messenger from the Port side windlass warping drum.<br />
12. Take a half turn on the riding cable with the wire messenger in a direction opposite to the foul direction<br />
and pass the end of the wire messenger up through the hawse pipe of the sleeping cable and secure it to the<br />
end of the sleeping cable.<br />
13. Heave away on the wire messenger and at the same time ease out on the easing wire, thus removing half a<br />
turn from the fouled cable.<br />
14. Repeat this procedure removing half a turn at a time until the foul is cleared.<br />
15. Heave up on the easing wire and at the same time slack on the messenger wire until the end of the sleeping<br />
cable can be re-joined.<br />
16. Once the cable is re-joined, temporary easing wire and the wire rope messenger can be removed, the<br />
preventer wire can be slipped and cleared.<br />
17. The lashing can be cut using a sharp knife with a man helper. Alternatively, the lashings could be soaked<br />
in inflammable liquid and set on fire and heaving on the cables to help them part.<br />
18. Heave away on both the cables.<br />
19. Pick any slack.
RUNNING MOOR<br />
1. The Running moor is an anchoring operation carried out in areas of restricted manoeuvrability where the wind<br />
and tide are strong and from different directions.<br />
2. Stem the tide. In this case tide is 090˚ and wind is 000˚.<br />
3. Let go the weather anchor with engines going ahead (at about 4-5 knots).<br />
4. Stop the engines, maintain headway, Continue to pay anchor cable to 8 shackles (double the required<br />
shackles).<br />
5. The vessel will stop due to the braking action of the anchor and will start falling astern. Let go the lee anchor<br />
and pay out the cable, meanwhile picking up slack on the weather anchor and manoeuvring vessel away from<br />
the lee anchor towards the weather anchor.<br />
6. The vessel may need astern propulsion to begin astern movement.<br />
7. Once the vessel has reached the position (half way between i.e. 4 shackles on each cable).<br />
8. The lee anchor will be the riding cable.
ST<strong>AN</strong>DING MOOR<br />
1. Stem the tide.<br />
2. Vessel should be stopped over the ground.<br />
3. Obtain stern way either by the effect of the tidal stream or by operating stern propulsion.<br />
4. Let go the lee anchor (riding cable).<br />
5. Allow the vessel to drop astern.<br />
6. Pay out the cable up to 8 shackles (double the required length).<br />
7. Take the stern way off the vessel by use of engines ahead and by checking out the cables.<br />
8. Order maximum helm away from the released anchor.<br />
9. Let go the weather anchor now (sleeping anchor)<br />
10. Continue to heave on the riding cable and pay out on the sleeping cable until the vessel is brought up.<br />
11. Continue to use engines ahead or astern as necessary to ease the weight on the cables.
BALTIC MOOR<br />
<strong>PURPOSE</strong>:<br />
A Baltic moor is used in ports where there is a strong onshore wind to prevent damages to the jetty or the vessel.<br />
The vessel’s anchor and stern mooring wire are used to make a controlled approach to the berth.<br />
PREPARATIONS:<br />
The stern mooring wire is passed in bights and connected to the Ganger length of the anchor which is to be used.<br />
Light sail twine secure the mooring wire in bights.<br />
The shackles used for the operation shall be capable of passing through the hawse pipe for easy and safe<br />
operation.<br />
SEQUENCE <strong>OF</strong> <strong>OPERATION</strong>:<br />
1. An approach is made with the vessel parallel to the berth with the wind on the beam OR slightly abaft of<br />
the beam.<br />
2. The offshore anchor is let go when the vessel 3 shackles off the berth. The distance off the berth depends<br />
upon the wind and weather conditions.<br />
3. As the anchor cable is paid out the seizings part and the stern mooring wire is also paid out.<br />
4. The vessel will be pushed by the wind and approaches the berth slowly.<br />
5. The cable and the wire are evenly paid out.<br />
6. Ship’s fenders are to be used to prevent any damage.<br />
7. Pass head and stern line as soon as possible.<br />
8. Take the weight on the moorings before taking weight on the anchor and the mooring wire.<br />
9. The moorings fore and aft prevent the vessel from ranging the berth.<br />
10. This tends to harden up the inshore moorings.<br />
11. During unberthing the achor and the stern mooring wire can be used to bodily draw the vessel off the<br />
quay.<br />
12. Once clear of the quay engines and the helm can be used to clear the berth safely and get underway.
OPEN MOOR<br />
<strong>PURPOSE</strong>:<br />
Te Open moor is used extensively when additional holding power is required in very strong tide or wind<br />
conditions.<br />
SEQUENCE <strong>OF</strong> <strong>OPERATION</strong>:<br />
1. Stem the current and/or headwind.<br />
2. Walk back both the anchors just above water level.<br />
3. Steam to a position where the vessel intends to let go the windward anchor.<br />
4. Let go the port anchor and continue to steam with a minimum headway to the required number of<br />
shackles, paying out on the port anchor cable.<br />
5. Once the second anchor position is reached, let go the stbd anchor and with minimum sternway, hold on to<br />
the port anchor and pay out on the stbd anchor until both the anchors have even scope.<br />
6. Once both the anchors have even scope additional shackles can be paid out as required, till the vessel is at<br />
the required position.<br />
7. Once the vessel is in the final mooring position, it is necessary to check on both the cables and ensure both<br />
the anchors are embedded and holding.
<strong>PURPOSE</strong>:<br />
There are three tendencies of a vessel in a wind:<br />
1. To lie across it when stopped<br />
2. To run across it when under headway<br />
3. To sternbore into it under sternway<br />
STERNBORE INTO WIND<br />
SEQUENCE <strong>OF</strong> <strong>OPERATION</strong>:<br />
1. Initially the vessel is shown running with the wind on the port quarter.<br />
2. As she loses headway, she runs across the wind.<br />
3. Now her engines rea reversed and she gathers sternway.<br />
4. Her bow develops a reverse swing to stbd and she bores her stern into the wind.<br />
5. She does not reach her original position due to leeway.