Glyoxime, Diaminofurazan and some Energetic Derivatives, by AXT

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NM TNT DAAF PETN HMX AAAF HNIW DNAF Empirical Formula CH3NO2 C7H5N3O6 C4H4N8O3 C5H8N4O12 C4H8N8O8 C4H2N10O3 C6H6N12O12 C4N8O7 Table 1: Comparative Properties of Explosives MW 61.04 227.14 212.15 316.15 296.18 238.16 438.23 272.12 Density (g/cm 3 ) 1.14 1.64 1.747 1.77 1.89 1.74 (calc.) 1.98 (beta cryst.) 1.91 (cryst.) MP (°C) -29 80.9 249 (dec.) 140 285 150 (dec.) 260 111 %OB -39.31 -65.84 -52.79 -10.12 -21.61 -40.31 -10.95 -5.88 %N 23.0 18.5 52.8 17.7 37.8 58.8 38.4 41.2 Impact sensitivity (cm @ 2.5 kg wt) >320 148 >320 13 32 17-21 7.8 10 Friction sensitivity (kg) 6.4 6.4 Electrostatic sensitivity (J) 1.25 0.45 VOD (m/s) 6350 6930 8020 (meas.) 8260 9110 9400 (calc.) 9380 (calc.) 9800 (calc.) PCJ (kbar) 144 (calc.), 125 (meas.) 223 (calc.), 210 (meas.) 332 (calc.), 390 (meas.) 394 (calc.), 390 (meas.) 426 (calc.) 428 (calc.) 458 (calc.) ∆Hf(kcal/mole) -27 -16 +100.8 -128 +17.93 +99.9 +154 ∆Hf(cal/g) -442 -70.5 +475.1 -407 +60.5 +228 +568.5 References [13] [13] [8, 9, 14] [11, 13] [13] [18] [12] [10, 11]
6 3,3’-Diamino-4,4’-azoxyfurazan (DAAF) Figure 16: 3,3’-Diamino-4,4’-azoxyfurazan While DAAF is yet to find commercial or military use due to limited commercial production, its explosive properties (Table 1) show it to be a practical and powerful explosive. DAAF has a relatively high density, low sensitivity to impact and a high velocity of detonation. DAAF also has acceptable thermal stability, melting with decomposition at 249°C[14]. DAAF is formed by the oxidation of DAF by a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and sulphuric acid[9]. 6.1 3,3’-Diamino-4,4’-azoxyfurazan Into 15 g 50% hydrogen peroxide was added 10 g crushed ice, then 14 g sulphuric acid was dripped in while maintaining the temperature below 20°C. This solution was then poured over 2.5 g diaminofurazan in a 80 mL beaker. The suspension was stirred by use of a drill press, whereby the DAF went into solution imparting a green colour from the formed soluble nitroso compound. Within an hour the green colour gave way to orange due to a fine precipitate of DAAF (Figure 17). The solution was stirred for 9 hours then left for a further 15 for a total of 24 hours. The mixture was then diluted with an equal volume of water, filtered to recover fine orange crystals (Figure 18), washed with 200 mL of cold water and dried. Yield after bottling was 1.5 g (57%). 11
Page 1 and 2: Glyoxime, Diaminofurazan and some E
Page 3 and 4: yield of glyoxime was 38 g (86%). T
Page 5 and 6: 3.1 Nitroglyoxime 5 g glyoxime was
Page 7 and 8: Figure 10: Reflux apparatus for gly
Page 9: ing together stainless steel water
Page 13 and 14: Further oxidation of amine groups o
Page 15 and 16: Figure 22: Ignition of DNAF 8 3-ami
Page 17 and 18: [5] C. E. Stoner et. al., “Therma

Glyoxime, Diaminofurazan and some Energetic Derivatives, by AXT

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