Issue 1 - Dalhousie University

SOCIETY FOR THE STUDY OF ARCHITECTURE IN CANADA/SOCIETE POUR L'ETUDE DE L'ARCHITECTURE AU CANADA

Society for the Study of 

Architecture in Canada 

President 

MarkFram 

221 Russell Hill Road, No. 302 

Toronto, Ontario, M4V 2T3 

Past President 

Douglas Franklin 

30 Renfrew Avenue 

Ottawa, Ontario, KlS lZS 

Vice-President 

Stuart Lazear 

National Capital Commission 

161 Laurier Avenue West 

Ottawa, Ontario, KlP 6J6 

Treasurer 

Julie Harris 

213 Cobourg Avenue 

Ottawa, Ontario, KlN 8H9 

Secretary 

Neil Einarson 

754 Mulvey Avenue 

Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3M 1H7 

Bulletin Editor 

Gordon Fulton 

Heritage Canada 

P.O. Box 1358, Stn. B 

Ottawa, Ontario, KlP 5R4 

Members-at-large (east to west) 

Charles Henley 

8 Battery Road 

St. John's, Newfoundland, AlA 1A4 

Richard Mackinnon 

89 Cottage Road 

Sydney, Nova Scotia, BlP 2C9 

Dr. C. W. Eliot 

University of Prince Edward Island 

550 University Avenue 

Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, CIA 4P3 

Allen Doiron 

Provincial Archives 

P.O. Box 6000 

Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5Hl 

Howard Shubert 

Canadian Centre for Architecture 

1440 St. Catherine Street W., 2nd floor 

Montreal, Quebec, H3G 1R8 

Anne M. de Fort-Menares 

100 Quebec Avenue, Ste 608 

Toronto, Ontario, M6P 4B8 

Jim Johnson 

185 Waverley Street 

Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3M 3K4 

Frank Korvemaker 

Saskatchewan Parks, Recreation and Culture 

1942 Hamilton Street 

Regina, Saskatchewan, S4P 3V7 

Diana Kordan 

Historic Sites Service, Alberta Culture 

Old St. Stephen's College 

8820 112 Street 

Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P8 

Edward Mills 

701 - 1133 Melville Street 

Vancouver, British Columbia, V6E 4E5 

Don Lovell 

Public Works and Highways 

Government of Northwest Territories 

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ISSN No. 0228-0744 

Produced with the assistance of the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council 

COVER· A sleeping porch at the Ninette Sanatorium, Ninette, Manitoba, 1910 

(Manitoba Archives). See page 10. 

BULLETIN 

Volume/Tome 14, Number/Numero 1 

A Note from the Editor/Note du redacteur 

by Gordon Fulton ......................................................................... 3 

The Design of Tuberculosis Sanatoria in Late 

Nineteenth Century Canada* 

by Leslie Maitland ........................................................................ 5 

Modernism and Regionalism: Influences 

on the Work of Leslie Fairn* 

by Wayde Brown ......................................................................... 14 

Research Notes for an Essay on Public Buildings 

in Canada 

by Mark Fram and Jean Simonton ........................................... 19 

C/ ................................................................................................ 21 

* Proceedings 

Membership fees are payable at the following rates: Student, $10.00; 

1ndividuai/Family, $25.00; Organization/Corporation/Institution, 

$40.00; Patron, $20.00 (plus a donation of not less than $100.00). There 

is a surcharge of $5.00 for all foreign memberships. Contributions over 

and above membership fees are welcome, and are tax-deductible. Please 

make your cheque or money order payable to the SSAC and send to Box 

2302, Sa lion D, Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5W5. 

L'abonnement annuel est payable aux prix suivantes: etudiant, 10,00 $; 

individuel/famille, 25,00 $; organisation/societe{!nstitut, 40,00 $; 

bienfacteur, 20,00 $(plus un don d'au moins 100,00 $).II y a des frais 

additionnels de 5,00 $pour les abonnements etrangers. Les contributions 

au dessus de l'abonnement annuel sont acceptees et deductible 

d'imp6t. Veuillez s.v.p. faire le cheque ou mandai de poste payable a 

l'ordre de SEAC et envoyer a C.P. 2302, Succursale D, Ottawa (Ontario) 

K1P 5W5. 

The Society for the Study of Architecture in Canada is a learned society devoted to 

the examination of the role of the built environment in Canadian society. Its membership 

includes structural and landscape architects, architectural historians, urban historians 

and planners, sociologists, folklorists, and specialists in such fields as heritage 

conservation and landscape history. Founded in 1974, the Society is currently the sole 

national society whose focus of interest is Canada's built environment in all of its 

manifestations. 

2 SSAC BULLETIN SEAC 14:1

and general research undertaken in Canada on this topic. There is no 

lack of material on the topic, though there is no comprehensive study 

of public architecture. This is perhaps not surprising, considering the 

wide variety of types that "public buildings" may include. 

Historic Sites and Monuments Board (HSMB) research papers 

prove to contain excellent background information on various specific 

building types. So, too, do Canadian Inventory of Historic Building 

research papers, though seldom with the broader contextual information 

of the HSMB papers. And, appropriately enough, considering my 

opening remarks on ground-breaking studies, the SSAC Bulletin 

figures well in research on specific buildings. 

As has been the case during the past fifteen years, the Bulletin 

editor owes a great deal to those who work behind the scenes putting 

each issue together. My thanks for this issue go to Christine Derouin 

and Sandra Stephens for word processing, and Dominique Michel for 

translation. 

Gordon Fulton 

Editor 

publics au Canada (voir aussi p. 23) resument les travaux de recherche 

specialisee et generale entrepris au Canada sur le sujet. II existe 

beaucoup de documentation sur !'architecture publique, bien qu'aucune 

etude exhaustive n'ait ete realisee. Ce n'est pas vraiment surprenant, 

si on considere Ia grande variete de genres qui sont compris 

dans l'expression "edifices publics". 

Les travaux de recherches de Ia Commission des lieux et monuments 

historiques {CLMH) contiennent beaucoup d'information de 

base sur differents types specifiques de biltiments. II en est de meme 

pour l'lnventaire des biltiments historiques du Canada, bien que tres 

peu d'articles scient aussi elabores que ceux de Ia CLMH. Quant au 

Bulletin de Ia SEAC, il rapporte lui-aussi des travaux de recherche sur 

des batiments specifiques. Cela va de pair avec les etudes innovatrices 

dont je parlais au debut. 

Depuis quinze ans, le redacteur du Bulletin doit beaucoup A ceux 

qui travaillent dans l'ombre pour preparer chaque numero. J'aimerais 

remercier ce mois-ci Christine Derouin et Sandra Stephens pour le 

traitement de texte et Dominique Michel pour Ia traduction. 

Gordon Fulton 

Redacteur 

Leslie Maitland is an architectural historian for the Canadian Parks Service, Environment Canada. She is the author of several articles, and of Neoclassical Architecture in 

Canada (Ottawa: Parks Canada, 1980), and of Queen Anne Revival Style in Canadian Architecture (forthcoming). 

Wayde Brown received a degree in architecture from the Technical University of Nova Scotia and recently completed an M.A. in conservation studies at the University of 

York, England. He is currently working in Ottawa for the Heritage Recording Services of Environment Canada. 

Mark Fram is an architectural consultant, designer, and planner. He holds professional and graduate degrees in architecture and geography from the University of Toronto, 

and is a director of the Association of Heritage Consultants and president of the SSAC. 

Jean Simonton is a conservationist for the Ontario Ministry of Culture and Communications, where she is in charge of inventory, conservation, and management of the 

province's historically-significant public documents. 

4 SSAC BULETIN SEAC 14:1

Figure 5. Ward in Sick Children's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario. (NAG, C 91313) 

Military and cottage hospitals provided architects with models for 

small isolated buildings, well ventilated, relatively inexpensive to build 

and to operate, and visually satisfying in design. But Koch's discovery 

told them they needed a third element: they needed an interior architecture 

that could be easily and thoroughly cleaned to eliminate the 

tubercle bacillus in the dust, thereby reducing the dangers of reinfection. 

Hospitals had already made some advances in the introduction 

of dust-free environments in the 1880s, largely as a result of Sir Joseph 

Lister's work twenty years earlier on sepsis and antisepsis. 20 To minimize 

places where dust and therefore disease might lodge, architects 

designed interiors with as few mouldings as possible. Baseboards, 

cornices, chair rails, door and window mouldings, window sills, and 

other projections were eliminated as much as possible. The junctures 

of walls, ceilings, and floors were rounded to facilitate cleaning. Articles 

in architectural magazines and books on hospital design gave 

clear instructions on how this was to be done.Z 1 

New materials and improvements to existing materials entered the 

war against bacterial infection. What was needed were non- absorbent, 

scrubbable surfaces. Fine-graded portland cement, rather than 

plaster, was recommended for walls, because of its non-absorbent 

nature and resistance to knocks. New enamel paints applied to these 

walls were non-absorbent and scrubbable, unlike the wallpaper and 

tints of previous years. Linoleum and terrazzo were relatively new in 

the market, and their sanitary nature was quickly appreciated. Because 

of their expense they were at this time limited to operating rooms. 

Ordinary wood floors were still used elsewhere, but it was recommended 

that only hardwoods such as maple and oak be used, and that 

Figure 6. Main building, Muskoka Cottage Sanatorium, 1897. G.M. Miller, 

architect. (Archives of Ontario) 

they be saturated with paraffin to seal the grain and the seams between 

the boards. Glazed tiles came into more common use in hospitals for 

operating rooms, kitchens, bathrooms, and corridors. The results of 

these changes in building technology were hospital wards such as those 

in Sick Children's Hospital, Toronto (figure 5). Here, one can see the 

recessed door and window mouldings, cove ceilings and corners, and 

the high gloss of the paint on the walls. The minimalist effect of this 

kind of interior design strikes our eyes as startlingly modern. These 

changes in new materials and in the use of existing materials were being 

made in hospitals in general. At the same time, improvements in the 


Figure 7. Plan of Cottage ·o, • Muskoka Cottage Sanatorium, 1898. D. B. Dick, architect. (Archives of Ontario) 

Figure 8. Kentville Sanatorium, Kentville, Nova Scotia. J.M. MacGregor, architect. 

(Public Archives of Nova Scotia) 

design of operating rooms, kitchens, sewage, water supply, and heating 

systems began to change hospital construction for the better as well. 

The Muskoka Cottage Sanatorium (figure 6), the first institution 

built under the aegis of the National Sanatorium Association, opened 

in 1897, fifteen years after Koch's discovery. It may have been a long 

time coming, but its design had been well considered, and it quickly 

proved its worth. The central building, which contained administration, 

dining, operating, nurses' accommodation, and wards, was 

designed by Toronto architect G.M. Miller. 22 The cottages (figure 7) 

to either side were by D.B. Dick, and Burke and Horwood, also of 

Toronto. Located on the shores of a lake near Gravenhurst, it was well 

isolated from any populated area. Its northern exposure was protected 

from cold winds by a dense forest, and the southern exposure was 

faced with verandahs on two levels so that patients might spend days 

and nights outside. The wooden construction and the subdivision of 

patients by degree of infection were borrowed from the Brunei 

pavilion. More serious cases were confined to the centre building while 

those on the way to recovery stayed in the cottages, safe from reinfection.23 

The cottage hospital boasted the latest in linoleum and tile 

floors, and cement-lined walls. The architectural style of the building, 

like that of the cottage hospitals, was intentionally pretty, cottage-like, 

and cheerful, stylistically akin to the design of cottages and resort 

hotels of the period. Its wooden construction made it relatively less 

expensive to build than a masonry hospital, and it was felt that in case 

of fire, patients could be safely evacuated from a building limited to 

two storeys in height. 

The institution contained all that was needed to repair the body 

and maintain the spirits during a stay that could last for years. Diversions 

for those on the way to recovery included canoeing and sailing, 

tobogganing and snowshoeing, as well as billiards, cards, handicrafts, 

and amateur theatricals put on by patients and staff. 

In a short time, this institution could report remissions in many of 

the cases admitted. 24 These good results, achieved with a relatively 

small investment, encouraged other groups, besides the National 

Sanatorium Association, to erect cottage sanatoria along very similar 

14:1 SSAC BULLETIN SEAC 9

Figure 9. Ninette Sanatorium, Ninette, Manitoba, 1910. (Manitoba Archives) 

Figure 10. Sanatorium, Tranquille, British Columbia, 1907. W. I Dalton, architect. (NAG, PA 30768) 

lines. Some of these others were the Kentville Sanatorium, Kentville, 

Nova Scotia (figure 8); 25 Jordan Memorial in River Glade, New 

Brunswick; Ninette Sanatorium, Ninette, Manitoba (figure 9 and 

cover); the Lake Edward Sanatorium, Lake Edward, Quebec; the 

Laurentian Sanatorium, Ste-Agathe-des-Monts, Quebec; 26 

Niagara Sanatorium, St. Catharines, Ontario; and the Muskoka Free 

Sanatorium, also in Gravenhurst, Ontario. Most were laid out much 

like the Muskoka Cottage Sanatorium: central administration building 

for the bed-ridden, outlying cottages for the ambulatory, isolation 

from settlements, isolation within the institution, buildings oriented 

towards the sun and air with lots of verandahs and large windows, 

wooden construction, a home-like atmosphere, created in part by an 

architecture of studied picturesqueness. 

While the cottage hospital sanatorium undoubtedly had good 

results, not everyone was convinced that it was the only route to 

success against TB. In planning the TB Sanitarium in Tranquille, 

the 

British Columbia in 1907, Dr. C.A. Fagan pointed out some of the 

problems of both the single building institution and the cottage hospital: 

As regards the kind of building to be erected, there are many considerations 

to be taken into account. Should one adopt the ideas of Brehmer and Deit 

weiler, and have a closed institution in a single building, or adopt the ... cottage 

system, with its central administration building? The ... [closed institution in 

a single building] was supposed, at one time, to fulfill the requirements of both 

of the above, but it is undoubtedly open to many objections, chief among which 

may be mentioned, the institutional aspect it gives to life. 

The cottage system, as carried on in this country, imparts to the atmosphere 

a home-like influence which is much to be appreciated, but the supervision 


Figure 11. King Edward Memorial, Winnipeg, Manitoba. (Manitoba Archives) 

PLAN OF THE KING EDWARD M EMORIAL HOSPITAL 

Figure 12. Plan of King Edward Memorial, Winnipeg, Manitoba, 1909. (Manitoba 

Archives) 

cannot be nearly as thorough. The cost of maintaining the cottage system is 

considerably higher than in the closed institution with its single building. 27 

Given these objections, doctors went on to demand the creation 

of yet another type of institution, a marriage of the cottage hospital 

tuberculosis "san" and the urban general hospital. These structures 

could be erected in suburban locations, accessible to cities, thereby 

making transportation of patients, family visits, and the daily life of 

medical staff easier. 28 The buildings themselves were still oriented 

towards the sun, still faced with as many verandahs as the design could 

accommodate, and still incorporated nonabsorbent, scrubbable 

materials with as few dust-catching mouldings as possible. Instead of 

many, small buildings there were fewer buildings, larger and more 

compact. Figure 10 shows the sanatorium that was erected at Tranquille, 

British Columbia, as a result of Dr. Fagan's work on the 

problem. This tighter plan facilitated heating, patient care, and supervision. 

Separation of types of TB patients was effected within these 

large buildings by the use of private or semiprivate rooms (figure 

12). 29 In sanatoria, private and semiprivate rooms were introduced 

principally for this purpose, and not as a distinction of ability to pay. 

Newly-introduced electric bells made it possible for nurses to supervise 

patients in private and semiprivate rooms. 

Many of these newer buildings were built of masonry, since they 

were more than two storeys in height and had to be more fire resistant. 

Some of these new suburban TB sans were the Mountain Sanatorium, 

Hamilton, by Stewart and Witton, 1913; 30 the expanded Niaraga 

Sanatorium, St. catharines; the Lady Grey and the Perley Institute, 

Ottawa; 31 the King Edward Memorial San, Winnipeg (figure 11 ); and 

the Toronto Free, Queen Mary, and King Edward Sans, Weston. As 

the Weston Sanatorium illustrates, the doctors and architects sacrificed 

the psychologically positive effects of picturesque design for 

more efficient patient care. 

Is it possible to evaluate how successful these institutions were? 

Exercise, good diet, rest, mild diversion, fresh air, and sunshine might 

have been beneficial to the desperately ill in almost any structure. But 

the records kept by these institutions show that many who otherwise 

did not expect to live walked away from them, sufficiently recovered 

to resume their normallives. 32 In isolating those known to be infectious, 

and in teaching the ill how to care for themselves without 

infecting others, these sans performed a great service to the health of 

the general public. In 1901, deaths due to tuberculosis were 180 per 

100,000 of the por.ulation; by 1921, deaths due to TB were reduced 

to 87 per 100,000. 33 The sanatoria, along with the accomplishments 

of the public health movement, can take much of the credit. 


upon the design of other types of public institutions where sanitary 

environments were now perceived as necessary. Schools, prisons, 

asylums, factories, even barns were now designed with a mind to the 

reduction ofTB and other communicable diseases. The concern for a 

healthy living environment, clean, dust free, open to light and air, 

radically altered attitudes towards public sanitation, personal hygiene, 

parks, and virtually all types of building. House design changed as well. 

Houses of the early twentieth century 42 featured sleeping porches, 

Endnotes 

1 George Jasper Wherrett, The Miracle of the Empty Beds: A History of Tuberculosis in 

Canada (foronto: University of Toronto Press, 1977). Wherrett covers the history 

of the battle against the disease in this book, while making only passing reference to 

the sanatoria buildings themselves. 

2 This is a generally quoted figure. Statistics on deaths from tuberculosis in Canada 

were only available in Ontario and Quebec. Charles P. Lusk, "Statistics in Tuber· 

culosis in Ontario," Canada Lancet, Vol. 35, No.5 (January 1902), p. 350. 

3 "Sir Alexander Chrichton, Practical Observations on the Treatment and Cure of 

Several Varieties of pulmonary consumption; and the effects of the Vapour of Boil· 

ing Tar in that Disease," [London: Loyd and Son, 1823) book review in The Quebec 

Medica/Journal, Vol. 1 (April1826), pp. 72-80. 

4 J.E. Graham, "The Bacillus Tuberculosis in its Practical Bearing on the Diagnosis, 

Prognosis, and Treatment of the Disease," Canada Lancet, Vol. 15, No. 12 (August 

1883), pp. 356-62. 

5 John Furgusen, "Consumption- A Hopeful Outlook," The Canadian Magazine, 

Vol. 1, No.8 (October 1893), pp. 628-33. 

6 Description by W.G. Cosbie, The Toronto General Hospital, 1819-1965: A Chronicle 

(foronto: Macmillan, 1975), p. 66. 

7 John D. Thompson and Grace Goldin, The Hospital: A Social and Architectural History 

(New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1975), p. 127. 

8 Toronto hospitals did not admit TB patients until1901. "Editorial notes," Canadian 

Lancet, Vol. 35, No. 4 (December 1901), pp. 272-73. 

9 John J. Heagerty, Four Centuries of Medicine in Canada (foronto: Macmillan, 

1928), Vol. 2, p. 227; also, G.C. Brink,Acro.

14 

Modernism and Regionalism: 

Influences on the Work of Leslie Fairn 

Figure 1. 

By Wayde Brown 

I 

IN 1923, LE CORBUSIER published what was to become a major document of 

the modern movement: J--ers une Architecture (later translated as Towards a New Architecture). 

In it, Le Corbusier suggested that "a great epoch has begun. There exists a new spirit 

... ; our own epoch is determining, day by day, its own style." 1 Le Corbusier argued the 

inevitability of this new spirit, and the inevitability of the new architecture associated with it. 

He proclaimed "Architecture or revolution. Revolution can be avoided." 2 

The new architecture, the roots of which can be traced back far earlier than 1923, 3 was 

indeed inevitable. Labeled the International Style in 1932, this new architecture would 

eventually ensure that a hotel in Toronto would be little different from one in Abidjan. 

Although Le Corbusier suggested (albeit more literally) that revolution could be avoided, 

this new architecture could certainly be viewed as revolutionary; its acceptance, if inevitable, 

came about with much struggle. It is this struggle which I explore through the career of Leslie 

Fairn. 

SSAC BULLETIN SEAC 

14:1

- JC R. (.l lol "f !.Lt.V,._ 'T I Co "' 

Figure 4. Front elevation of scheme 'll, ·proposed new town hall, New Glasgow, 

Nova Scotia, March 1954. (Public Archives of Nova Scotia, Map/Plans Collection) 

Figure 5. Front elevation of scheme ·o," proposed new town hall, New Glasgow, 

Nova Scotia, 26 March 1954. (Public Archives of Nova Scotia, Map/Plans 

Collection) 

Figure 6. Front elevation of proposed new town hall, New Glasgow, Nova Scotia, 

14 March 1953. (Public Archives of Nova Scotia, Map/Plans Collection) 

with a strongly-emphasized central entrance, and the west and south 

elevations, each symmetrical, belied a connection with the Beaux-Arts. 

The final result was nondescript. An interesting, if esoteric, element 

was the medallion design, found at either end of the west elevation. By 

the 1970s, this triangular design had become a symbol of Fairn's firm , 

and appeared on the title blocks of his drawings. 

In 1952 Fairn submitted a proposal for a community library for the 

Town of Liverpool, a small seaport on Nova Scotia's southern shore 

which contains a rich store of domestic architecture dating from both 

the 18th and 19th centuries. For this project Fairn suggested two vastly 

different schemes, neither of which was ever built. 

One scheme called for a 1 l/2-storey fieldstone building with a 

steeply pitched gable roof and dormers. The residential image of the 

structure was strengthened by use of details commonly found in the 

local area, including a portico, fan light, and particular mullion patterns. 

The interior was divided into several tightly-enclosed spaces, and 

along one end wall was a large fireplace. 

The other scheme, with one sketch drawn by Fairn and marked 

"low cost," showed a one-storey brick building with a flat roof. The 

facade was asymmetrical, though the entrance was centrally placed 

and prominent. No floor plan for this scheme has been found, but one 

might surmise that the interior space would have been less enclosed, 

and likely more related to function -that is, with no fireplace. 

During 1953-54, Fairn worked on the design of a town hall for New 

Glasgow, a town in northern Nova Scotia. Over a period of twelve 

months at least eight schemes were developed in a variety of styles, 

with, in some cases, similar elevations being applied to different plans. 

Three of these schemes were neoclassical, with very similar facade 

designs (figure 4). Each was a two-storey structure with round-headed 

window openings and centrally-placed entrance way. Above the doorway 

was a large Palladian window, a detail already seen in Fairn's 

National Research Council proposal (and in Cobb's Macdonald 

Library). The facades of these schemes were all symmetrical - one 

had a hipped roof while the other two had simple gables. Some ofthese 

schemes had cupolas, a detail also found in the NRC proposal and 

Cobb's Science Building at Dalhousie. 

The neoclassical schemes differed in plan. One had a simple 

rectangular plan, while the other two had a central rectangle with wings 

projecting diagonally from either end. The simple rectangular building 

would have been placed on the site with its back to the street, facing 

the axes running between a second street and the adjacent court 

house. The other two proposals would have faced the building to the 

intersection of the two streets, its back to the court house. These two 

approaches to the site seemed directly opposed to each other in 

attitude. At least two, possibly all three, of these schemes were drawn 

by Maiga Vetra, originally from Latvia, who was likely one of the first 

women to practice architecture in Nova Scotia. 

A fourth scheme, quite unrelated to the others except in plan, is 

probably the most interesting; it is certainly the most unexpected. It is 

a two-storey building (likely stone) with a flat roof, wide pilasters in 

low relief, and a central dome, very shallow, surmounted by a small 

cupola (figure 5). An Art Deco imagery is reinforced by details like 

the winged clock located in the cornice, over the entrance. This scheme 

appears most imaginative if one forgets it was proposed in the 1950s, 

not the 1930s, and if one is unaware of a civic building Fairn had 

previously proposed for the Town of Dartmouth which employed 

many of the same elements. 

The other four schemes were more modern in form, though all 

featured a prominent central entrance and symmetrical facades (figure 

6). Some incorporated Art Deco details. All schemes were two 

storeys in height with flat roofs, and horizontal lines were reinforced 

by the window detailing. It is interesting that these four "modern" 

schemes were the first two designs drawn by Fairn (in March 1953) 

and probably the last two designs (dated March 26 and 30, 1954). 

None of the eight proposals was ever chosen; in 1962 a former post 

office building was bought for use as a town hall. The court house was 

demolished in 1963. 


illuminate the production process and the respective contributions of 

the growing professional specializations in architecture and engineering. 

Regrettably, similar accounts of provincial or municipal activities 

are not so easily accessible, but annual reports and legislative papers 

provide some valuable primary data for persistent researchers. 

There are now growing numbers of regional and topical studies. 

Each province has the history of its legislature recorded in some 

generally available form. MacRae and Adamson have surveyed both 

court houses and town halls for Ontario. But most research work, even 

outside government, tends to focus on the individual building rather 

Anick, Norman. "Grosse lie and Partridge Island, Quarantine Stations." 

Unpublished report prepared for the Historic Sites and 

Monuments Board of Canada (Agenda paper 7), June 1984, pp. 79- 

106. 

Archibald, Margaret. By Federal Design: The Chief Architect's 

Branch of the Department of Public Works, 1881-1914. Ottawa: Environment 

Canada-Parks, 1983. 

Bodnar, Diana. "The Prairie Legislative Buildings." Prairie Fornm 

Voi.5,No.2(Fall1980),pp.143-156. 

Buckley, Kenneth. Capita/Formation in Canada, 1896-1930. Toronto: 

McClelland and Stewart, 1974. 

Carr, Angela K. "Hopkins, Lawford & Nelson at Osgoode Hall: The 

Debacle of 1855." SSACBulletin Vol. 13, No.4 (December 1988), 

pp. 17-25. 

Carter, Margaret, ed. Early Canadian Court Houses. Ottawa: Environment 

Canada- Parks, 1983. 

Chattopadhyay, B.C. "Government Buildings in Canada and the 

U.S.A" M.Arch. thesis, University of Toronto, 1964. 

Currie, AW. "Public Finance." Canadian Economic Development 

(fourth edition). Toronto: Nelson, 1963, pp. 342-361 (Chapter 18). 

de Caraffe, Marc, Nathalie Clerk. "Ancien bureau d'enregistrement, 

L'Assomption, Quebec." Unpublished report prepared for the Historic 

Sites and Monuments Board of Canada (Agenda paper 11 ), 

June 1983, pp. 145-160. 

de Caraffe, Marc, C.A Hale, Dana Johnson, G.E. Mills, Margaret 

Carter. Town Halls of Canada. Ottawa: Environment Canada 

Parks, 1987. 

Firestone, O.J. "Government Expenditures." Canada's Economic 

Development (draft). Ottawa: Department of Trade and Commerce, 

1953, pp. 70-87 (Section 6). 

Fort-Menares, Ann(; M. de. "Issues of Hierarchy and Social Ritual: 

Mississauga City Hall." SSACBulletin Vol. 10, No.4 (December 

1985), pp. 26-31. 

Hate, C.A, Jacqueline Adell. "City Market ... Saint John, New 

Brunswick." Unpublished report prepared for the Historic Sites 

and Monuments Board of Canada (Agenda paper 12), June 1986, 

pp. 233-255. 

Bibliography 

than the type. Such treatments appear in academic journals of architecture, 

geography, history, or regional studies (for example, Bodnar, 

Holdsworth, Johnson and Maitland [1985], and Fort-Menares). 

Chattopadhyay provides a rare linkage between historical and 

relatively modern public buildings, and offers the only systematic 

review of the city hall construction activity in Canada in the 1950s and 

1960s; in at least two cases, Edmonton and Ottawa, the "new" city halls 

of that era documented in his work have been threatened in recent 

years with replacement by "new new" halls. 

Hale, C.A, Mary Cullen. "Old Sunbury County Gaol ... Burton, New 

Brunswick." Unpublished report prepared for the Historic Sites 

and Monuments Board of Canada (Agenda paper 5), June 1985, 

pp. 71 -85. 

Holdsworth, Deryck. "Architectural expressions ofthe Canadian National 

State." The Canadian Geographer Vol. 30, No.2 (1986), pp. 

167-171. 

Johnson, Dana. "Former Cobourg Market ... Cobourg, Ontario." 

Unpublished report prepared for the Historic Sites and Monuments 

Board of Canada (Agenda paper 31), November 1985, pp. 

105-123. 

Johnson, Dana. "Middlesex County Jail ... London, Ontario." Unpublished 

report prepared for the Historic Sites and Monuments 

Board of Canada (Agenda paper 18), June 1987, pp. 431-4 78. 

Johnson, Dana, Leslie Maitland. "The Former Customs House ... 

Hamilton, Ontario [and] the Former Carleton County Jail ... Ottawa, 

Ontario." Unpublished report prepared for the Historic Sites 

and Monuments Board of Canada (Agenda paper), June 1982, pp. 

297-330. 

Johnson, Dana, Leslie Maitland. "Osgoode Hall and the Development 

ofPublicArchitecture in Canada." SSACBulletin Vol. 10, 

No.4 (December 1985), pp. 14-18. 

Johnson, Dana, Janet Wright. "Aberdeen Pavilion, Lansdowne Park, 

Ottawa, Ontario." Unpublished report prepared for the Historic 

Sites and Monuments Board of Canada (Agenda paper 16), June 

1983, pp. 233-254. 

MacRae, Marion, Anthony Adamson. Cornerstones of Order: CourthousesandTownHallsofOntario, 

1784-1914. Toronto: Clarke 

Irwin, 1983. 

Mills, Edward. "Gonzales Observatory ... Victoria, B.C." Unpublished 

report prepared for the Historic Sites and Monuments 

Board of Canada (Agenda paper4),June 1984, pp. 31-54. 

Owram, Douglas. Building for Canadians. Ottawa: Public Works 

Canada, 1979. 

Rostecki, Randy, Leslie Maitland. "Post Offices by Thomas Fuller, 

1881-1896." Unpublished report prepared for the Historic Sites 

and Monuments Board of Canada (Agenda paper), June 1983. 

Service de Ia planification du territoire. Les edifices publics 

(Repertoire d'architecture traditionelle sur le territoire de la 

Communaute urbaine de Montreal; Architecture civile 1). Montreal: 

Communaute urbaine de Montreal, 1981. 


glass window for l'eglise Saint-Pierre as a gift to the people of France. 

The Ontario Heritage Foundation was subsequently asked to undertake 

the project. 

A competition was held to select the most appropriate stained glass 

artist living in Ontario. Stephen Thylor, living near Picton, was chosen. 

Thylor's design incorporated images of native life, St. Peter (to whom 

the church was consecrated), Ontario, and Champlain himself. 

The window was on display in Toronto in November 1988, and was 

presented to the French Consul General on November 24. It has been 

disassembled into nine pieces and packed to be sent by air to Bordeaux 

and by land to Brouage. There, early this year, it will be permanently 

installed in l'eglise Saint-Pierre. 

For more information, contact: 

1989 Heritage Directory 

Barbara Gough 

The Ontario Heritage Foundation 

2nd Floor, 77 Bloor Street West 

Toronto, Ontario 

M7A2R9 

The first edition of Heritage Canada's Heritage Directory was 

published in March 1989. In it are approximately 100 national associations, 

provincial and municipal heritage organizations, federal and 

provincial government departments, and crown corporations with 

information on their mandates, programmes, publications, and membership. 

Copies may be ordered for $25 by VISA or MasterCard by calling 

toll-free 1-800-267-6670, or by mailing a cheque or credit card number 

and expiry date to: 

In Print 

The 1989 Heritage Directory 

Heritage Canada 

P.O. Box 1358, Station B 

Ottawa, Ontario 

K1P 5R4 

A number of SSAC members have recently published books of 

interest to architecture aficionados. In addition to Mark Fram and 

Jean Simonton's contribution to Building Canada/Batir un pays (see 

pages 19-20) and Julie Harris's chapter on airports in the same 

publication, members' books include: 

•Architecture in Transition: From Art to Practice, 1885-1906, by Kelly 

Crossman (Kingston and Montreal: MeGill-Queen's University Press, 

1987). xi, 193 pp., illus, notes, biblio, index. ISBN 0-7735-0604-7. 

Cloth. $35.00. 

In the two decades after 1885, Canadian architects grappled with 

problems whose long-term implications they could not have seen: the 

role of the architect in an industrialized society, the need to accommodate 

and integrate applied science, and the need to express their 

own and their country's personality in architectural form. 

Kelly Crossman places the architecture of these years in a historical 

and ideological context by sketching the origins and effects of the shift 

in professional structure and perspective which occurred at the turn 

of this century. He traces the rise of professionalism as an idea and 

architectural nationalism as a goal. Other important themes include 

the difficulties posed by steel and glass, the reform of architectural 

education, and the early influence of the Arts and Crafts movement. 

Architecture in 1ransition 

FROl\1 ART TO PR;\CTICF. 1HH5 - El06 

K F I. I. l' I . H () \ .\ .\1 ,\ N 

•Well-Preserved: The Ontario Heritage Foundation's Manual of Principles 

and Practice for Architectural Conservation, by Mark Fram 

(Erin Mills, Ont.: The Boston Mills Press, 1988). xi, 240 pp., illus, 

appends, biblio, index. ISBN 0-919783-42-2. Paper. $24.95. 

Well-Preserved, the Ontario Heritage Foundation's manual of 

principles and practice for architectural conservation, provides both a 

philosophical framework and a practical guide for restoration and 

rehabilitation. The goal of the manual is to provide everyone involved 

in conserving built heritage with ready access to a common base of 

knowledge and principles about heritage conservation. 

Mark Fram has not written a "how-to" book but rather a book 

about "what to do, and why to do it." It is divided into four main parts: 

Ontario's material heritage from the past two centuries; the terms and 


principles which govern the conservation of buildings and their environments; 

practical applications for these conservation principles, 

with case studies; and the human and material resources available to 

promote and guide heritage conservation, plus a list of sources for 

further information. 

Well-Preserved est un guide sur Ies principes et Ia pratique de Ia 

conservation en architecture publie par Ia Fondation du patrimoine 

ontarien. II fournit a Ia fois Ie cadre theorique et un guide pratique 

pour Ies mesures a prendre a pres Ie sauvetage. Le but de ce guide est 

d'offrir a taus ceux qui participent a Ia conservation du patrimoine b§ti 

un acces facile a une base commune de connaissances et de pratiques 

concernant Ia conservation du patrimoine. 

Mark Fram souligne que Well-Preserved n'est pas un livre qui dit 

"comment faire", mais qui dit "quai faire et pourquoi". Le livre est 

divise en quatre parties principales: le patrimoine materiel en Ontario 

depuis deux siecles; les termes et les principes regissant Ia conservation 

des batiments; les applications pratiques de ces principes de conservation 

sur Ie chantier; et Ies ressources humaines et materielles disponibles 

pour promouvoir et guider Ia conservation du patrimoine, avec 

une liste complete de sources et d'autres renseignements. 

WELL· 

PRESERVED 

THE ONTARIO HERITAGE FOUNDATION'S 

MANUAL 

OF PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE 

FOR ARCHITECTURAL 

CONSERVATION 

MARK FRAM 

•Charles Baillairge, Architect and Engineer, by Christina Cameron 

(Kingston and Montreal: MeGill-Queen's University Press, 1989). 

xxvi, 201 pp., ill us, notes, appends, index. ISBN 0-7735-0638-1. Cloth. 

$37.95. 

Christina Cameron's definitive professional biography of Charles 

Baillairge (1826-1906) includes an analysis of innovations in architec- 

tural design and construction technology in Quebec City during the 

middle of the nineteenth century, and discusses the radical change in 

the role of the architect from the architect/artisan of the previous 

century to the professional man who no longer took any part in the 

actual construction. 

At the heart of the book, though, are the diverse talents of 

Baillairge himself. A fourth-generation member of a Quebec City 

family of artists and architects, Charles Baillairge was proficient not 

only as an architect but also as a surveyor, engineer, mathematician, 

and inventor, publishing over 250 books and pamphlets on his many 

interests. He designed major public buildings such as the Quebec 

Music Hall, Laval University, and Dufferin Thrrace, and was supervising 

architect for the first Parliament Buildings in Ottawa. 

Charles Baillairge 

ARCHITECT & ENGINEER 

Christina Cameron 

•The Queen Anne Revival Style in Canadian Architecture, by Leslie 

Maitland (Ottawa: Canadian Parks Service, currently at press). 

Other recent publications of note: 

•Batir un pays: Histoire des travau.x publics au Canada, preparee sous 

Ia direction de Paul-Andre Linteau (Montreal : Editions du Boreal, 

1988). 352 pp., illus, notes, index. ISBN 2-89052-250-4. 35,00 $. 

En 1976, !'American Public Works Association (APWA) a publie 

History of Public Works in the United States: 1776-1976. Cet ouvrage 

a suscite beau coup d'interet tant aux Etats-Unis qu'au Canada. Par Ia 

suite, le directeur general de l'APWA a incite les membres des sections 


canadiennes de son association l) publier un ouvrage similaire sur les 

travaux publics au Canada. Blitir un pays: Histoire des travaux publics 

au Canada est le resultat de leurs efforts. 

Ce livre est le premier l) presenter une vision d'ensemble de 

l'histoire des grands travaux publics: les pants (par Phyllis Rose); les 

routes, rues et autoroutes (Larry McNally); le transport en commun 

dans les villes (Paul-Andre Linteau); les chemins de fer (Christopher 

Andreae); les voies d'eau (Robert Passfield); !'irrigation et Ia lutte 

contre les inondations (A.A. Den Otter); l'electricite (Arnold Roos); 

l'approvisionnement en eau (Letty Anderson); les reseaux d'egouts 

(Douglas Baldwin); le traitement des dechets solides (Phyllis Rose); 

les edifices publics (Mark Fram et Jean Simonton); les aeroports (Julie 

Harris); et Ia construction des villes (Alan FJ. Artibise). 

[In English: Building Canada: A History of Public Works, edited by 

Norman Ball (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1988). See pages 

19-20 in this Bulletin.] 

•Changing Landscapes of Southern Ontario, by Virgil Martin (Erin, 

Ont.: The Boston Mills Press, 1988). 243 pp., illus, append, biblio, 

index. ISBN 0-919783-77-5. Cloth. $24.95. 

Paired photographs, before and after, explore the many facets of 

southern Ontario's changing landscapes. The photos depict a dramatic 

reworking of the urban environment, particularly on the urban frontier 

where the countryside is disappearing under a wave of development. 

But there are also unexpected evolutions, particularly in the rural 

areas: the photos clearly show that trees are generally more abundant 

now than at any time during the past century. 

Virgil Martin is a photographer from the village of St. Jacobs, near 

Waterloo, Ontario. The Early History of Jakobstettel, his local history 

published in 1978, is now in its second printing. 

•Survivals: Aspects of Industrial Archaeology in Ontario, by Ralph 

Greenhill and Dianne Newell (Erin, Ont.: The Boston Mills Press, 

1989). 234 pp., illus, biblio, index. ISBN 1-55046-000-5. Cloth. $39.50. 

This well-illustrated book documents some of the survivors of 

Ontario's industrial heritage through historic illustrations, a series of 

in-depth essays by Dianne Newell and Ralph Greenhill, and modern 

photographs by Greenhill. Contrary to conventional wisdom, Canada 

has not been an engineering or industrial backwater. From the construction 

of the Rideau Canal in the 1830s to the St. Clair Tunnel (the 

first major subaqueous tunnel in North America) in 1889-91, the 

record is one of remarkable achievements. As Newell writes in her 

introduction, the purpose of the book is "not to romanticize the past 

but to promote a new way of looking at the human landscape around 

us, and to increase awareness of its historical significance." 

•A Vision of Britain: A Personal View of Architecture, by H.R.H. 

Prince Charles (New York: Doubleday, to be published fall1989). 

Prince Charles expands on his personal view (televised last fall in 

Britain) that "sometime during this century something went wrong" 

with the way buildings were designed in Britain. His comments on 

modernist design in general- often set out in bold relief by his sense 

of outrage, in the words of the Knight-Ridder wire service- have had 

an increasingly daunt effect on the architectural profession. It was the 

Prince of Wales, for instance, who declared that contemporary ar- 

chitects had done more damage to London's skyline than Hitler's 

Luftwaffe. 

Maxwell Hutchinson, a London architect, president of the Royal 

Institute of British Architects, and outspoken critic of H.R.H., will 

soon counter Vzsion with a book of his own. 

•Bruce Goff: Toward Absolute Architecture, by David G. De Long 

(Cambridge: MIT Press, 1988). 337 pp., illus. ISBN 04097-2. Cloth. 

$50.00US. 

This is the first comprehensive study of America's most idiosyncratic 

architect, Bruce Goff (1904-1982). In the seven decades he 

practiced architecture Goff designed nearly 500 projects, 140 of which 

were built. De Long discusses the architect's development and early 

work in Tulsa, his first independent work in Chicago, the periods 

working on speculation in Bartlesville and Kansas City, his withdrawal 

from active practice following charges of homosexuality, and a triumphant 

resurgence with a design for the Japanese Wing of the Los 

Angeles County Museum. 

• The History of Postmodern Architecture, by Heinrich Klotz, translated 

by Radka Donnell (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1988). 480 pp., illus. 

ISBN 11123-3. Cloth. $60.00 US. 

This first standard work on postmodern architecture of the past 25 

years documents a rich and controversial period. More than 500 

black-and-white and colour illustrations present a substantial record 

of the aesthetic preoccupations of postmodernist architects, their 

patrons, and their detractors. 

Combining structural analysis with an assessment of programmatic 

and philosophical content, Klotz examines both individual projects and 

the life work of modern and postmodern architects, including Mies, 

Kahn, Moore, Ungers, Rossi, Stirling, Hollein, Gehry, Graves, Meier, 

Kedjuk, Eisenman, Botta, Krier, Stern, Koolhas, T. Gordon Smith, and 

Culot. 

•Modernity and the Classical Tradition: Architectural Essays 1980- 

1987, by Alan Colquhoun (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1989). 250 pp., 

illus. ISBN 03138-8. $25.00 US. 

Architectural theorist and critic Alan Colquhoun, in a series of 

essays, attempts to develop a coherent discourse for the rampant 

pluralism that dominates contemporary architecture. He carefully 

examines some of the concepts-classicism, romanticism, historicism, 

and rationalism - that have prevailed in architectural discourse 

during the past two centuries. Colquhoun then looks at the role of 

history in relation to the classical avant-garde, focusing on Le Corbusier, 

whose work best exemplifies the tensions and contradictions of 

the modern movement. Essays in the book's final section address 

current controversies, particularly the problem of "post modernism." 

•On the Art of Building in Ten Books, by Leon Battista Alberti, 

translated by Joseph Rykwert, Neil Leach, and Robert 'Thvernor 

(Cambridge: MIT Press, 1988). 500 pp., illus. ISBN 01099-2. Cloth. 

$45.00 us. 

"Here, at last, we have a reliable, readable, annotated version in 

modern English of this Renaissance classic of architectural theory. 

Scholars and students of the humanities, no less than architectural 


historians and practitioners of architecture, will have good reason to 

be deeply grateful to Joseph Rykwert and his colleagues for their 

commendable initiative and labor in making this important book 

available to a wide public." Cecil Grayson, Serena Professor Emeritus 

of Italian Studies, Oxford University. 

• History of Architecture, From the Earliest Times; Its Present Condition 

in Europe and the United States, by Mrs. L.C. Tuthill (New York: 

Garland Publishing, 1988 [a facsimileofthe Philadelphia 1848edition, 

with a new introduction by Lamia Doumato]. 456 pp., illus, biblio. 

ISBN 0-8240-3717-0 Cloth. $75.00 US. 

With the publication of her History of Architecture in 1848 Louisa 

Tuthill established a new tradition of including American architecture 

in general histories and became the first of many distinguished women 

architectural historians and critics. In addition to showing how nineteenth-century 

Americans viewed their built environment, the volume 

is of interest because Tuthill stressed the need for conservation, preservation, 

and environmental protection; oriented the American aesthetic 

toward the arts and craft movement; and argued the merits of 

adopting a truly American architecture. 

•American Public Architecture: European Roots and Native Expressions, 

edited by Craig Zabel and Susan Scott Munshower (Papers in 

Art History from the Pennsylvania State University, 1988). 300 pp., 

illus. ISBN 0-915773-04-X. Paper. $20.00 US. 

Editors Craig and Munshower have assembled a collection of ten 

essays on such disparate topics as "Richardson's 1tinity Church and 

the New England Meetinghouse," by William H. Pierson, Jr.; "Thnks 

and Towers: Waterworks in America," by JohnS. Garner; and "Modernized 

Classicism and Washington, D.C.," by Richard Guy Wilson. 

•Bearers of Meaning: The Classical Orders in Antiquity, the Middle 

Ages, and the Renaissance, by John Onians (Lawrenceville, NJ: Princeton 

University Press, 1989). 400 pp., illus. ISBN 04043-5. Cloth. 

$75.00 us. 

We often take it for granted that the classical orders, created by 

the ancient Greeks and embellished by the Romans,simply disappeared 

during the "Dark Ages," to be rediscovered only during the 

Renaissance. The author, however, demonstrates that the orders did 

not go underground in the Middle Ages, but were adapted in a 

kaleidoscopic variety of derivative, allusive, and original forms. And 

the Renaissance did not "rediscover" the orders - for they had never 

been lost - but found in them new metaphors and new varieties of 

meaning. 

•Culture and Comfort: People, Parlors, and Upholstery, 1850-1930, by 

Katherine Grier (Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press, 

1989). 448 pp., illus. ISBN 0-87023-664-4. Paper. $27.95 US. 

Victorian Americans were fascinated with parlour upholstery and 

drapery. In exploring the ideals of comfort and refinement that gave 

rise to the parlour, Katherine Grier discusses the financial and cultural 

limits that governed a family's ability to realize these goals and shows 

how the visual and tactile qualities of parlour furnishings reflected 

middle-class sensibilities. She also examines the role of manufacturing 

in making middle-class gentility more accessible by offering upholstery 

and drapery to a broad range of incomes. Last, she looks at the 

replacement of the Victorian parlour by the modern living room. 

Annual General Meetings And Conferences, 1989 

As compiled by Heritage Canada 

May 15-17 

ICOMOS International: Recording the Historic Urban Environment, 

an ICOMOS Canada symposium. Quebec City. Contact: Robin 

Letellier, Recording and Documentation Committee, ICOMOS 

Canada, P.O. Box 1482, Stn. B, Hull, PO J8X 3Y3. (819) 997-0146. 

May 17-20 

"Sacred Trusts II: Money, Materials and Management," a conference 

on the stewardship and preservation of historic religious buildings 

sponsored by City of Detroit Historic Designation Advisory 

Board, National Centre for the Stewardship and Preservation of 

Religious Properties, and the National 1tust for Historic Preservation. 

Contact: Sacred Trusts II Conference, H.D.A.B., 202 City-Council 

Bldg., Detroit, MI 48226. (313) 224-3487. 

May 23-27 

"Conservation and Industrial Development." Fourth World Congress 

on the Conservation ofBuilt and Natural Environments. University 

of Toronto. Contact: Heritage Trust, 79 Cambridge St., London 

SWIV 4P5 England. 

May 25-28 

"Heritage and Tourism: A Delicate Balance." Heritage Society of 

British Columbia's 11th Annual Conference. Kelowna, B.C. Contact: 

Robert Hobson, HSBC, 411 Dunsmuir, Vancouver, B.C. V6B 1X4. 

(604) 861-1139. 

May 31-July 23 

"Viewpoints: 100 J'ears of Architecture in Ontario." Ontario Association 

of Architects Centennial Exhibition. Agnes Etherington Art 

Centre, Kingston, Ontario. Contact: OAA, 50 Park Road, Toronto, 

Ontario M4W 2N5. (416) 968-0188. 

fin mai, debut join (a confirmer) 

L 'assemblee generale annuelle. Conseil des monuments et sites du 

Quebec. Montebello, Quebec (a confirmer). Personne ressource: 

France Gagnon-Pratte, CMSQ, C.P. 279, Haute-Ville, PO G1R 4P8. 

(418) 694-0812. 

June 1-3 

AGM Manitoba Heritage Federation. Neepawa, Manitoba. Contact: 

Maryann Haddad, MHF, 434-167 Lombard Ave., Winnipeg, 

Manitoba R3B OT6. (204) 943-4568. 


June3 

AGM and Awards Banquet. Federation of Nova Scotian Heritage. 

Wolfville (tentative). Contact: Elizabeth Ross, FNSH, 305 - 5516 

Spring Garden Road, Halifax, N.S. B3J 1G6. (902) 423-4677. 

June 6-10 

"Collaboration." Canadian Museums Association Annual Conference. 

Hull, Quebec. Contact: CMA, 280 Metcalfe St., Ottawa, 

Ontario K2P 1R8. (613) 233-5653. 

June 9-12 

"Flight Path, 2()()()." 52nd annual conference of the Federation of 

Canadian Municipalities. Hyatt Regency Hotel, Vancouver, B.C. Contact: 

Alderman George Puil, City Hall, Vancouver, B.C. 

June 11-14 

18th Annual Conference. Canadian Nature Federation. Charlottetown, 

P.E.I. Contact: CNF Conference, P.O. Box 265, Charlottetown, 

P.E.I. C1A 7K4. (902) 566-9150. 

June 15-17 

"Towards 1992." National Capital Commission conference. 

Ottawa Congress Centre. Contact: Sylvia Fan jay. (613) 239-5058. 

August 6-10 

"Planning: More Than Controls I l'urbanisme au-delii des 

controles." Canadian Institute of Planners. Saint John, N.B. Contact: 

CIP, 404- 126 York St., Ottawa K1N 5T5. 

Sept 4-8 

"Make no Little Plans." Association for Preservation Thchnology. 

Chicago, IL. Contact: Debora Slaton, Wiss Janny Elstner Associates, 

29 North Wacker Dr., Suite 555, Chicago, IL 60606. (312) 372-0555. 

Sept 10-17 

"Our World." The Summit on the Environment in the Don Valley, 

Toronto. Contact: 1be Summit on the Environment, 999 Danforth 

Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M4J 1Ml. (416) 462-3250. 

Sept 14-17 

"Managing Development and Preservation Conflicts." Symposium 

sponsored by Canadian Centre for Livable Places, Queen's University, 

and York University. Kingston, Ontario. Contact: John Weiler, CCLP, 

P.O. Box 1358, Stn. B., Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5R4. (613) 237-1066. 

Sept 18-22 

"Splash '89: Interpreting Our Marine and Freshwater Heritage." 

Interpretation Canada and Museum Association of Atlantic Canada. 

National workshop for natural and cultural interpreters. St. John's, 

Nfld. Contact: Penny Houlden (709) 722-9034. 

Sept 29-30 

AGM : Strategic Planning. Association of Museums of New 

Brunswick. Kingston Peninsula (near Saint John). Contact: Wendy 

Robb, AMNB, 503 Queen St., Fredericton, N.B. E3B 1B8. (506) 

452-2908. 

mid-October (tentative) 

Annual Conference. Federation of Nova Scotian Heritage. Halifax 

(tentative). Contact: Elizabeth Ross, FNSH (902) 423-4677. 

Oct 26-28 

"Diversitas: Understanding Ethnic Diversity in the Built Environment." 

Heritage Canada. Hotel Vancouver, Vancouver, B.C. Contact: 

Connie Johnson, P.O. Box 1358, Stn. B., Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5R4. 

(613) 237-1066. 

Oct 26-29 

Alberta Musewns Conference '89. Grand Prairie, Alberta. 

Nov 2-4 

"Forging Links:" linking built and natural environment groups. 

Heritage Saskatchewan. Contact: Jacqueline Bliss (306) 975-2655. 

Nov17-19 

Education and Conservation. ICOMOS Canada. Ottawa. Contact: 

ICOMOS Canada, P.O. Box 737, Stn. B, Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5R4. 

Nov 12-20 

International Conference of National Trusts. Bermuda. Contact: 

WS. Zuill, Director, The Bermuda National Trust, P.O. Box HM 61, 

HM AX, Bermuda. (809) 236-6483. 

May 26- June 1, 1990 

"Culture and Technology." Ordre des architectes du Quebec and 

I'Union internationale des architectes World Congress. Montreal. 

Contact: Architecture 1990, 640, rue St-Paul ouest, Suite 102, 

Montreal, PQ. (514) 393-1500. 


14:1 

Martin Eli Wei I Award 

of the Society for the Study of Architecture in Canada 

The Society for the Study of Architecture in 

Canada is a learned society devoted to the 

examination of the role of the built environment in 

Canadian society. Its membership includes 

structural and landscape architects, architectural 

historians, urban historians and planners, 

sociologists, folklorists, and specialists in such 

fields as heritage conservation and landscape 

history. 

Founded in 1974 under the leadership of heritage 

architect Martin Eli Wei/, the Society is currently 

the sole national society whose focus of interest 

is Canada's built environment in all of its 

manifestations. 

The Society is therefore pleased to invite 

submissions for the Martin Eli Wei/ Award. 

Submissions are to take the form of an original 

essay (in either official language) suitable for 

publication, from full- or part-time students 

enrolled at the graduate or undergraduate level at 

Canadian universities. 

The Wei/ Award consists of a certificate and an 

expenses-paid trip to the Annual Meeting and 

Conference of the Society so that the winning 

essay may be delivered as part of the 

programme. The Society undertakes to provide 

return airfare, ground transportation, up to four 

nights accommodation, and a meal allowance. 

The award also includes the publication of the 

winning essay by the Society. 

Rules of the Competition 

1 Submissions for the Wei/ Award shall take the 

form of an essay, in either French or English, 

suitable for publication. The paper must be of 

3000 to 5000 words on a subject which explores 

the role of the built environment in Canadian 

society. This may deal with a single structure, 

either modern or historical, proposed or extant; a 

complex of related structures, either modern or 

historical, proposed or extant; a type of structure 

(examined for its historical, functional, structural, 

or aesthetic significance); cultural landscapes 

(for example, parks, cemeteries, farmsteads, 

etc.); a biographical sketch of a person who has 

influence the built environment; or a 

philosophical, sociological, or historical problem 

related to the built environment. Architectural 

projects may not be submitted unless they 

conform to the above requirements. 

SSAC BULLETIN SEAC 

2 Submissions must be typewritten, 

double-spaced. Visual materials, not exceeding 

8" by 10", may be included, either integrated into 

the text of the paper or included at the end. 

Submissions must be supported, where 

appropriate, by documentation in the form of 

notes, bibliography, or suggestions for further 

reading. 

3 Papers must be received by the Society, at the 

address below, postmarked on or before 

31 JANUARY 1990. 

4 The Society will submit each essay to its 

Editorial Board for assessment. The decision of 

the Editorial Board shall be final. The Society 

reserves the right not to award the prize. Every 

effort will be made to inform the winner by 15 

March 1990. 

5 The paper judged the winner of the award will 

be included in the programme of the Annual 

Meeting of the Society, which will take place in 

Edmonton in May 1990. 

6 If the author of the winning paper is not able to 

be present at the Annual Meeting, the address 

will be delivered in his/her absence. In lieu of the 

trip to the Annual Meeting, the winner will receive 

a cash award of $100. 

7 AI/ submissions will be considered for possible 

publication. The Editorial Board will inform all 

authors of its decision by 15 Apri/1 990. 

8 Submission must be sent to: 

Chairman 

Editorial Board 

Society for the Study of Architecture in Canada 

P.O. Box 2302, Station D 

Ottawa, Ontario 

K1P5W5 

27

THE SOCIETY FOR THE STUDY OF ARCHITECTURE IN CANADA 

SOCIETE POUR L 'ETUDE DEL 'ARCHITECTURE AU CANADA 

P.O. BOX 2302, STATION D/C.P. 2302, SUCC. D 

OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5W5 

ISSN 0228-0744 

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