effects of electron beam irradiation on properties of etfe insulated ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Effects <strong>of</strong> Electron Beam Irradiation on Properties ... Park E-S and the EB <strong>irradiation</strong> <strong>effects</strong> on the microstructure, electrical, mechanical and thermal properties <strong>of</strong> extruded wire were investigated. When the ETFE insulated wire was exposed to EB <strong>irradiation</strong>, BDV and ρ I were decreased gradually with increased EB <strong>irradiation</strong> dose. This was due to EB <strong>irradiation</strong> induced chemical changes in polymers creating weak pathways and they reduced ρ I and accelerated dielectric breakdown. SEM Observation confirmed that the original wave texture was disappeared and many voids were emerged at the fracture surface <strong>of</strong> ETFE-15 and ETFE-20. TGA Traces showed that the thermal stability <strong>of</strong> EB-irradiated ETFE samples decreased significantly compared with pristine ETFE. After EB <strong>irradiation</strong> the tensile properties and scrape abrasion resistance <strong>of</strong> the extruded wire samples also decreased with <strong>irradiation</strong> dose. The reduction <strong>of</strong> thermal stability and mechanical properties was considered to be due to macromolecular chain scission induced by EB <strong>irradiation</strong>. FTIR Spectral analysis showed that in EB-irradiated samples, the formation <strong>of</strong> -C=O and -C=C- groups can be identified and their amplitude is increased with <strong>irradiation</strong> dose. Moreover, the intensity <strong>of</strong> the band at 2985 cm -1 is decreased with increasing <strong>irradiation</strong> dose, which could be an indication <strong>of</strong> cleavage <strong>of</strong> C-H bonds. After thermal aging the colour <strong>of</strong> copper conductor <strong>of</strong> EB-irradiated wires was turned yellowish. It can be explained that EB <strong>irradiation</strong> could promote dehydrogenation <strong>of</strong> ETFE at a lower temperature compared with pristine ETFE. After EB <strong>irradiation</strong>, the T m and T c <strong>of</strong> ETFE fall gradually with <strong>irradiation</strong> dose, whereas χ is slightly increased up to 5 Mrad and it is decreased significantly thereafter. Upon EB <strong>irradiation</strong> in the presence <strong>of</strong> a copper conductor, ETFE is prone to reactions such as chain scission, formation <strong>of</strong> unsaturated bonds and oxidation, resulting in less crystalline perfection and consequently lower T m and T c . REFERENCES 1. Kim JY, Kim OS, Kim SH, Jeon HY, Effects <strong>of</strong> <strong>electron</strong> <strong>beam</strong> <strong>irradiation</strong> on poly(ethylene 2,6naphthalate)/poly(ethylene terephthalate) blends, 884 Iranian Polymer Journal / Volume 20 Number 11 (2011) Polym Eng Sci, 44, 395-405, 2004. 2. Dawes K, Glover LC, Physical Properties <strong>of</strong> Polymers Handbook, Mark JE (Ed), American Institute <strong>of</strong> Physics, Woodbury, New York, 557- 558, 1996. 3. Rosenberg Y, Siegmann A, Narkis M, Shkolnik S, Low dose γ-<strong>irradiation</strong> <strong>of</strong> some fluoropolymers: effect <strong>of</strong> polymer chemical structure, J Appl Polym Sci, 45, 783-795, 1992. 4. Lim YM, Kang PH, Lee SM, Kim SS, Jeun JP, Jung CH, Choi JH, Lee YM, Nho YC, Effect <strong>of</strong> <strong>electron</strong> <strong>beam</strong> <strong>irradiation</strong> on poly(vinylidene fluoride) films at the melting temperature, J Ind Eng Chem, 12, 589-593, 2006. 5. Nasefa MM, Saidib H, Dahlan KZM, Electron <strong>beam</strong> <strong>irradiation</strong> <strong>effects</strong> on ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer films, Rad Phys Chem, 68, 875-883, 2003. 6. Adem E, Rickards J, Munoz E, Burillo G, Cota L, Avalos-Borja M, Changes in the physical and chemical properties <strong>of</strong> PVDF irradiated by 4 MeV protons, Rev Mex Fis, 49, 537-541, 2003. 7. Jong YS, Han SH, Park ES, Effects <strong>of</strong> thermal aging on morphology, resistivity, and thermal properties <strong>of</strong> extruded high-density polyethylene/ carbon black heating elements, Polym Compos, 32, 1049-1061, 2011. 8. Sanli LI, Gursel SA, Synthesis and characterization <strong>of</strong> novel graft copolymers by radiationinduced grafting, J Appl Polym Sci, 120, 2313- 2323, 2011. 9. Clegg DW, Irradiation Effects on Polymers, Collyer AA (Ed), New York, Elsevier Applied Science, 1991. 10. Gürsel SA, Schneider J, Youcef HB, Wokaun A, Scherer GG, Thermal properties <strong>of</strong> protonconducting radiation-grafted membranes, J Appl Polym Sci, 108, 3577-3585, 2008. 11. Kim YJ, Yi JH, Zellmann JE, Lightweight composite electrical conductors and cables incorporating same, US Patent 7,049,522 (23 May 2006). 12. Park ES, Lee EJ, Electron Beam Irradiation Effect on ETFE Insulated Electric Wire, American Chemical Society, Division <strong>of</strong> Polymeric Materials: Science and Engineering, PMSE Preprints, Anaheim, USA, 104, 325-326,
Park E-S 27-31 Mar 2011. 13. Lunk HE, Enault N, Mehan A, An electrical conductor insulated with meit-processed, crosslinked fluorocarbon polymers, US Patent 5,059,483 (17 Apr 1989). 14. Zamore A, Hackett J, Wald SE, Successful Applications <strong>of</strong> Electron Beam Processing in Wire and Cable Manufacturing, Technical Information Series TIS 01416, IBA Industrial, New York, 1993. 15. Marshall RC, Richard AG, Electron Beam Crosslinking <strong>of</strong> Wire and Cable Insulation, Technical Information Series TIS 01812, IBA Industrial, New York, 2001. 16. Wolf CJ, Hager SC, Depke NC, Thermo-oxidative degradation <strong>of</strong> irradiated ethylene tetrafluoroethylene, ASTM Special Technical Publication, 1326, 116-127, 1997. 17. Morelli JJ, Fry CG, Grayson MA, Lind AC, Wolf CJ, The thermal oxidative degradation <strong>of</strong> an ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene-copolymer-based electrical wire insulation, J Appl Polym Sci, 43, 601-611, 2003. 18. Shin HY, Park ES, Mechanical and dielectric breakdown properties <strong>of</strong> PBT/TPE, PBT/PBT/ PET, and PBT/antioxidant blends, J Appl Polym Sci, 114, 3008-3015, 2009. 19. Park ES, Morphology, mechanical, and dielectric breakdown properties <strong>of</strong> PBT/PET/TPE, PBT/ PET/PA66, PBT/PET/LMPE, and PBT/PET /TiO 2 blends, Polym Compos, 29, 1111-1118, 2008. 20. American National Standard Institute, Standard Practice for Use <strong>of</strong> Cellulose Acetate Dosimetry Systems, ISO/ASTM 51650, 2005. 21. American National Standard Institute, Standard Test Methods for DC Resistance or Conductance <strong>of</strong> Insulating Materials, ASTM D257, 1999. 22. International Electrotechnical Commission, Common Test Methods for Insulating and Sheathing Materials <strong>of</strong> Electric Cables and Optical Cables. Part 1-1: Methods for General Application Measurement <strong>of</strong> Thickness and Overall Dimensions Tests for Determining the Mechanical Properties, IEC 60811-1-1, 2.1 ed, IEC, Geneva, Switzerland, 2001. 23. Underwriters Laboratories, Standard for Safety: Effects <strong>of</strong> Electron Beam Irradiation on Properties ... Reference Standard for Electric Wires, Cable, and Flexible Cords, UL 1581, 4th ed, 58, 28 July 2008. 24. Underwriters Laboratories, Standard for Singleand Multi-Layer Insulated Winding Wire, UL 2353, 1st ed, A12, 7 June 2004. 25. Dissado LA, Fothergill JC, Electrical Degradation and Breakdown in Polymers, IEE Material and Devices Series 9, Peregrinus, London, Ch 4, 75-116, 1992. 26. Bartnikas R, High Voltage Measurements, Electrical Properties <strong>of</strong> Solid Insulating Materials, Measurement Techniques, Engineering Dielectrics, Bartnikas R (Ed), ASTM STP 926, ASTM, Philadelphia, IIB, Ch 3, 1987. Iranian Polymer Journal / Volume 20 Number 11 (2011) 885
Page 1 and 2: Iranian Polymer Journal 20 (11), 20
Page 3 and 4: Park E-S an insulation layer. The i
Page 5 and 6: Park E-S the ETFE insulated wire wa
Page 7 and 8: Park E-S CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH CH
Page 9 and 10: Figure 5. TGA Thermograms o
Page 11: Park E-S Figure 7. FTIR Spectra <st

effects of electron beam irradiation on properties of etfe insulated ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?