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Burial practices of the Final Neolithic pastoralists at ... - British Museum

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152 KOBUSIEWICZ, ET AL. BMSAES 13<br />

identific<strong>at</strong>ion <strong>of</strong> an individual exhibiting chronic stress from flexing and bending when lifting<br />

and carrying objects makes us wonder. These types <strong>of</strong> activities are not typical for c<strong>at</strong>tlekeepers.<br />

Perhaps this person took part, willingly or not, in <strong>the</strong> erection <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> megaliths in <strong>the</strong><br />

Ceremonial Center not far from his village.<br />

The communities using <strong>the</strong> cemeteries described above were almost <strong>the</strong> last dwellers<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> dying savanna, which is today’s desert. The worsening drought soon forced <strong>the</strong>m to<br />

migr<strong>at</strong>e toward <strong>the</strong> Nile Valley, where <strong>the</strong>y undoubtedly brought <strong>the</strong>ir culture, organiz<strong>at</strong>ional<br />

system and beliefs contributing to <strong>the</strong> birth <strong>of</strong> ancient Egyptian civiliz<strong>at</strong>ion.<br />

Bibliography<br />

Darnell, D. 2002. Gravel <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> desert and broken pots in <strong>the</strong> road: Ceramic evidence from<br />

<strong>the</strong> routes between <strong>the</strong> Nile and Kharga Oasis. In Egypt and Nubia: Gifts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> desert, R.<br />

Friedman (ed.), 156–77. London.<br />

Friedman, R. and J. Hobbs. 2002. A “Tasian” tomb in Egypt’s Eastern Desert. In Egypt and<br />

Nubia: Gifts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> desert, R. Friedman (ed.), 178–91. London.<br />

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1978–1979). Lille.<br />

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first <strong>Neolithic</strong> cemetery in Egypt’s Western Desert. Antiquity 78, no. 301: 566–78.<br />

Krzyżaniak, L. 1991. Early farming in <strong>the</strong> Middle Nile Basin: Recent discoveries <strong>at</strong> Kadero.<br />

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Salv<strong>at</strong>ori, S. and D. Usai. 2002. Graves with caliciform beakers <strong>at</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Neolithic</strong> cemetery <strong>of</strong><br />

R12 in <strong>the</strong> Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Dongola Reach (Kawa, Sudan). Revista di Archeologia 26: 5–7.<br />

Schild, R., M. Kobusiewicz, F. Wendorf, J. D. Irish, J. Kabaciński and H. Królik. 2002. Gebel<br />

Ramlah Playa (Egypt). In Tides in <strong>the</strong> desert: Contribution to <strong>the</strong> archaeology and environmental<br />

history <strong>of</strong> Africa in honor <strong>of</strong> Rudolph Kuper, Jenerstrasse 8 (eds.). Africa Praehistorica 14,<br />

117–24. Cologne.<br />

Wendorf, F. and R. Schild. 1980. Gebel Nabta and vicinity. In Prehistory <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Eastern Sahara, F.<br />

Wendorf and R. Schild (eds.), 82–167. New York.<br />

––––––. 2001. Conclusions. In Holocene settlement <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Egyptian Sahara: The archeology <strong>of</strong> Nabta<br />

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http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/online_journals/bmsaes/issue_13/kobusiewicz.aspx

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