ANSWER KEY: VOLCANOES Reading 1: Volcanic Eruptions ... - CAEL

3. What frequently causes more casualties than necessary when a volcano erupts?
(1)
(It is) human behaviour (that frequently) causes more casualties than necessary.
4. What period of time was there between the beginning of volcanic activity at Mt. St. Helens and its
eruption?
Skill: U 15
(1)
March 1980 to May 18, 1980 OR 2 months
5. List two examples of unwise human behaviour at Mount St. Helens prior to the eruption.
(2)
Skill: U 13
Two of:
• Homes built around the base of the mountain
• After evacuation, homeowners were pressuring the authorities to lift the evacuation order
• Logging companies had successfully lobbied (the local government) to make the restricted area
smaller (than recommended by the U.S. Geological Survey).
6. Complete the chart:
(4)
(1)
The Armero Tragedy: Human Errors
Scientists Governmental officials or politicians
• Did not read signals (that the
volcano was about to explode well
enough)
• Could not say exactly when eruption
would occur
(3)
• Did not take warnings seriously
• Politicans in Colombian Congress criticized the
scientists and civil defence authorities for
scaremongering with hazard maps
• Local officials failed to give warnings (as to
seriousness of situation)
• Mayor of Armero sought to reduce level of
anxiety after ash eruption on November 13
• Local and national authorities worried about
monetary consequences of preventative
measures such as a large-scale evacuation
• No evacuation
• Difficult to accept that a dangerous eruption
might occur (last eruption 140 years before)
10
Skill: P 3
Skill: S 22